United Statet office of Pettictdes ind Toxic Sufaaanc**
Environmental Protection OHica of Pestidde Programs (TS-766C)
Agency Washington. DC 20460
&EPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: 0^^^ (Alar)
Reason for Issuance:
Date Issued: June 30, 1984
Fact Sheet Number: 26
Description of Chemical
Common Name: Daninozide
Chemical Name: Butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazine),
Succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide
Trade Name: Alar, Kylar, SADH, B-nine, B-995, aminozide,
EPA Shaughnessy Code: 035101
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number: 1596-84-5
Pesticide Type: Plant Growth Regulator
Chemical Family: Amino Acid Derivative
U.S. and Foreign Producers: Dniroyal and Aceto Chemical
Dse Patterns and Formulations
Daminozide is a plant growth regulator registered as a 5
percent water soluble liquid or 85 percent water soluble dry
concentrate formulation. The amount of aaminozide that is
applied as a field spray ranges firoic C.9 to 6.8 pounds active
ingredient per acre per year, depending of tne crop/ time of
application and desired effects. Daminozide controls the
vegetative and reproductive growth of orchard crops such as
apples, cherries, nectarines, peaches, prunes and pears. In
addition, daminozide use enhances shorter and more erect
peanut vines or modifies the stem length and shape of
ornamental plants. Other minor uses of daminozide include:
Brussels sprouts (California), cantaloupes (California and
Arizona), grapes, and tomatoes.
Scientific Findings
o Summary Science Statement
Daminozide is a white, water soluble solid. Data indicate that
daminozide has low acute toxicity, low dermal irritation
potential and is neither teratogenic nor mutagenic. Daminozide
and its UDMB contaminant cause oncogenic effects. A tolerance
reassessment cannot be performed at this time. Daminozide
leacnes from soil, but is not persistent. Daisinozide is net
an acute toxicant to fish and wildlife.
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o Chemical Characteristics
Daminozide is a white, crystalline solid with slight to no
odor. Daminozide is soluble in water, methanol and aceto-
nitrile, but insoluble in zylene and aliphatic nydrocarbon3.
DaminOzide has a melting point range from 154 to 156°:.
Technical daminozide contains at least 99 percent active
ingredient.
o Toxicological Characteristics
The LD5O and Toxicity Categor s for daminozide are: acute
oral C 8.4 g/k;, IV ), acute dermal ( >16 g/kg, III), acute
inhalation (>l4 mg/kg, IV), primary eye irritation (mild,
none at this time), derma] irritation (mild, IV). Daminozide
does not produce mutagenic or teratogenic effects. Data are
insufficient to )udge the effects of daminozide on reproduction.
Daminozide causes oncogenic effects in laboratory animals.
o Physiological and Biochemical Behavioral Characteristics
Data indicate that daminozide is rapidly absorbed through
the leaves, roots and stems. Daminozide is translocated in
plants and can accumulate in roots, fruit, etc. Adequate
methods are available to detect daminozide. A method to
detect the UDPIH metabolite down to 1 ppb must be validated
to confirm the presence of UDMB residues in plants. Components
of the final residues have not been adequately identified or
quantified. The majority of daminozide residues ingested by
milk animals is rapidly excreted in the urine and feces.
o Environmental Characteristics
Degrades in water to unsymmetrical 1,l—dimethylhydrazine
(UDMH), a known oncogen. Daminozide appears to resist
photodegradation, but is degraded by soil microorganisms.
Daminozide appears to leach, but since it does not persist
in soil, the potential for ground water contamination is
small. Daminozide does not bioconcentrate in fish nor does
it accumulate in rotational crops.
o Ecological Characteristics
Daminozide has low acute toxicity to fish and terrestrial
wildlife. No data are available to assess the ecological
hazard from the UDMH hydrolysis product/contaminant. Problems
with Endangered Species: None known at this time.
o Tolerance Assessment
A final reassessment of all tolerances cannot be made at this
time until the data gaps specified by the Standard are filled.
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o Problems with Use
Extended storage of solutions of daminozide result in excessive
hydrolysis of the active ingredient to UDMH.
Regu].atov Position & Rationale
o Use C].asiification
Daminozide is classified as a General Us.. pesticide.
o Use Restrictior.s
None.
o Unique Warning Statements
Solutions of daminozide must be used within 24 hours after
preparation.
o Benefit Analysis
Approximately 825,000 pounds of daminozide are produced annually
with apples and peanuts accounting for 600,000 pounds and
225,000 pounds of tne annual usage, respectively. Without
daminozide, short term revenue losses are projected to range
up to $30 million annually for apples and from $4.3 to $10.7
million annually for peanuts.
o Risk Analysis
Significant exposure to darninozide and UDMB can occur via
consumptior of raw and processed agricultural commodities
treated witn daminozide. The Agency’s preliminary estimate
of oncogenic dietary risk for daminozide is high. There are
insufficient data to quantify the oncogenic dietary -risk of
UDMH at this time. The oncogenic nondietary risk for daminozide
and UDMH may not be significant.
o Special Review
Registrants of daminozide products are notified, via the
Guidance Document, that daminozide meets the oricogenicity risk
criterion in 40 CFR 162.11(a) and will undergo a Special
Review. The Agency will not reregister any current products
and it will not register any new products containing daminozide
until Special Review is completed and the Agency has received
commitment to fulfill data requirements.
3
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Summary of Major Data Gaps
Data gaps and time (in months) allowed to perform studies:
toxicology (cnronic testing [ 48], teratology [ 12], reproduction
[ 24], generil metabolism [ 12] and rnutagenicity (6]), product
chemistry (product identity, analysis and certification of
product ingredients, physical and chemical characteristics)
16], environmental fate (degradation [ 6], photodegradation [ 6],
metabolism [ 24], mobility [ 6], dissipation (24], accumulation
(24] and reentry 124], residue chemistry (metabolism in
plants and animals 12], analytical methods and residue data
(12], residue data [ 1’2)), and.ecblogical effects (avian and
mammalian testing and aquatic organism testing) (48].
Contact Person
Robert Taylor, PM 25
Registration Division (TS—767C)
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
(703)—557—1800
Disclaimer
The information presented in this Chemical Information Fact
Sheet is for informational purposes only and may not be used
to fulfill data requirements for pesticide registration and
reregistration.
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