United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Paitictda and Toxic Subttanca*
Office of Pestiade Programs (TS-766CI
Washington. DC 20460
vvEPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: Pronamide
Reason for Issuance: Registration Standard
Date Issued: April 1986
Fact Sheet Number: 70
DESCRIPTION OP CHEMICAL
Generic Name:
Common Name:
Trade Name:
EPA Shaughnessy Code:
Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS) Number:
Year of Initial
Registration:
Pesticide Type:
Chemical Family:
U.S. and Foreign
Producers:
3,5-dlchloro-N(l,l-dimethyl-2-
propynyl) benzamlde
- or -
[N-(l,l-dlmethylpropynyl)-3,5-
dlchlorobenzamlde]
Pronamlde (WSSA), RH-315
Kerb®
101701
23950-58-5
1972
Herbicide
Substituted benzamlde
Rohm and Haas
USE PATTERNS AND FORMULATIONS
Application sites: alfalfa, apples, globe artichokes, birds-
foot trefoil, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, clover,
crown vetch, endive, grapes, lettuce, nectarines, peaches,
pears, plums, raspberries, sainfoin, azalea, Douglas
fir, fir, forsythia, holly, Juniper, pine, rhododendron,
yew, Christmas tree plantations, bermudagrass, centipede-
grass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass.
Types of formulations: 9*4/6 active ingredient technical grade;
50* formulation intermediate; and 50? wettable powder,
<_!% granular and <1% granular formulations mixed with
fertilizer end-use products.
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Types and methods of application End-use product is applied
preplant, preemergence or early postemergence by ground
spray, incorporation, or aerial application. Hand spray
application is limited to ornamentals and nursery stock.
Application rates: 0.5 to 1 1.0 lbs. active ingredient per
acre, depending on crop and weed problem.
Usual carrier: Water
3. SCIENCE FINDINGS
Summary science statement Pronamide has been found to be
oncogenic in male mice and has been tentatively classified
as a Group C oncogen (Possible Human Carcinogen), pending
consideration of additional data. Acute toxicity studies
indicate Toxicity Category iii.!! Pronamide is practically
nontoxic to birds, mammals, and fish, and possibly as much
as moderately toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Available
data are insufficient to fully assess the environmental
fate of pronamide.
Chemical characteristics:
Physical state: Crystalline solid
Color: White
Melting point: 155—156° C
Specific gravity: 0.118 gm/cc
Solubility: Solvent ppm at 25° C
Dimethyl sulfoxide 33
Dimethyl formamide 33
Mesityl oxide 20
Isophorone 20
Methyl ethyl ketone 20
Cyclohexanone 20
Methanol 15
Isopropanol 15
Ch lorobenzene 12
Butyl cellosolve 10
Xy lene 10
Acetonitrile 10
Kerosene 10
Nitrobenzene 5
Ethylene dichioride 5
- Water 15
Chemicals classified as Toxicity Category III are those
which are harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through
the skin. Contact with skin, eyes or clothing requires
immediate first-aid and may require medical attention.
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Vapor pressure 8.50 x i@—5 Torr at 25° C
Stability : considered relatively stable
Toxicological characteristics
Acute effects. /:
Acute oral toxicity (rat) — 16,000 (10,666—214,000) mg/kg
Toxicity Category IV
Acute dermal toxicity — greater than 10 g/kg
(rabbit) Toxicity Category III
Acute inhalation toxicity - greater than 3.2 mg/L
(rat) Toxicity Category III
Primary eye irritation — slight eye irritant
(rabbit) Toxicity Category III
Primary skin irritation — not a primary dermal Irritant
(rabbit) Toxicity Category IV
Dermal Sensitization — technical material Is not a
(guinea pig) skin sensitizer
Toxicity Category IV
Subchronlc efCects:
Feeding study (dog) - Lowest effect level (LEL) is
14050 ppm (approximately 90
mg/kg/day) NOEL is 1350 ppm
(approximately 3fl mg/kg/day)
Chronic effects
Chronic feeding (rat) — NOEL Is 300 ppm (highest
dose tested) (15 mg/kg)
Chronic feeding (dog) — IOEL Is 7.5 mg/kg
Teratology (rabbits) — Maternal NOEL 5 mg/kg/day
LOEL 20 mg/kg/day
Developmental LOEL 80 mg/kg/day
NOEL 20 mg/kg/day
Oncogeniclty (mice) — Positive
1’ Toxicity Category III = Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed
through the skin. Contact with skin, eyes or clothing requires
immediate first aid and may required medical attention.
Toxicity Category IV = No precautions are required.
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Major route of exposure Mixers and applicators would be
expected to receive the most exposure via skIn contact.
Physiological and biochemical behavorial characteristics
Poliar absorption: To obtain activity, pronamide must
move into the root zone of the weeds. Little activity
is obtained from foliar contact alone.
Trarislocation: Pronamide is readily absorbed by plants
through the root system, translocated upward, and
distributed into the entire plant. The degree of
translocation from leaf absorption is not appreciable.
Mechanism of pesticidal action: Pronamide appears to
act as a cell division inhibitor. Its main acttvity
Is against root development in germinating seeds or
young seedlings, or, in the case of perennial grasses,
against both root and vegetative bud development.
Pronamide is taken up by the roots and needs to be
carried into the root zone by rainfall, irrigation or
incorporation.
Environmental characteristics: Available data are insuffic—
lent to fully assess the environmental fate of’ pronamide.
Pronamlde is stable to hydrolysis at pH 1 1.7—8.8.
Ecological characteristics: Results or studies indicate that
pronainide is practically nontoxic to birds, mammals, and
fish, and possibly as much as moderately toxic to aquatic
invertebrates. These results are:
Aquatic invertebrate - Greater than 5.6 ppmi/
toxicity ( Daphnia magna )
Avian acute toxicity — 8,700 mg/kg !
(Japanese quail)
Avian acute toxicity — 20,000 mg/kgV
(mallard duck)
Avian 8—day dietary toxicity — greater than 10,000 ppm.?./
(mallard duck)
Avian 8—day dietary toxicity — greater than 10,000 ppm.?!
(bobwhite quail)
.1/ No more than moderately toxic to aquatic invertebrates.
V Practically nontoxic to birds.
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Avian dietary toxicity — greater than 14,000 pp&I
(bobwhite quail)
Avian subacute toxicity — greater than 30 ppmV
(bobwhite quail)
96-hour acute fish toxicity. ./
bluegill — greater than 100 ppm
rainbow trout — 72 (147—110) ppm
goldfish — 350 (312—392) ppm
guppy — 150 (113—200) ppm
catfish - less than 500 ppm but
greater than 200 ppm
Tolerance assessment
List of crops and tolerances (110 CFR 180.317):
Comrnodity Tolerance (ppm)
Alfalfa, fresh 10.0
Alfalfa, forage 10.0
Alfalfa, hay 10.0
Apples 0.1
Artichokes 0.1
Blackberries 0.05
Blueberries 0.05
Boysenberries 0.05
Cattle, fat 0.02
Cattle, kidney 0.2
Cattle, liver 0.2
Cattle, Meat Byproducts
(MBYP)(exc. kidney
and liver) 0.02
Cattle, meat 0.02
Cherries 0.1
Clover 5.0
Crown vetch 5.0
Eggs 0.02
Endive (escarole) 2.0
Goats, fat 0.02
Goats, kidney 0.2
Goats, liver 0.2
Goats, MBYP (exc.
kidney and liver) 0.02
I’ Practically nontoxic to birds.
V 300 ppm was highest dose tested: no deaths occurred,
therefore, no toxicity level could be determined.
. ./ Practically nontoxic to warmwater fish; slightly
toxic to coldwater fish.
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Commodity Tolerance (ppm )
Goats, meat 0.02
Grapes 0.1
Hogs, fat 0.02
Hogs, kidney 0.2
Hogs, liver 0.2
Hogs, MBYP (exc.
kidney and liver) 0.02
Hogs, meat 0.02
Horses, fat 0.02
Horses, kidney 0.2
Horses, liver 0.2
Horses, MBYP (exc.
kidney and liver) 0.02
Horses, meat 0.02
Lettuce 1.0
Milk 0.02
Nectarines 0.1
Peaches 0.1
Pears 0.1
Plume 0.1
Poultry, fat 0.02
Poultry, kidney 0.2
Poultry, liver 0.2
Poultry, MBYP (exc.
kidney and liver) 0.02
Poultry, meat 0.02
Raspberries 0.05
Sainfoin 5.0
Sheep, fat 0.02
Sheep, kidney 0.2
Sheep, liver 0.2
Sheep, MBYP (exc.
kidney and liver) 0.02
Sheep, meat 0.02
Trefoil 5.0
Results of tolerance assessment The provisional acceptable
daily intake (PADI) for pronamide was based on the
NOEL of 7.50 mg/kg in the 2—year dog study. It should
be noted that this PADI is based on systemic toxicity
(nononcogenic). The current PADI Is 0.0750 mg/kg/day
and the current published tolerance for pronarnide has a
calculated Total Maximum Residue Concentration (TM1 C) of
0.01109 mg/day (1.5 kg diet). The percentage of PADI
utilized is 0.91%.
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I L SUMMARY OF REGULATORY POSITION AND RATIONALE
Use classification: Wettable powder end—use products
are being classified as restricted—use pesticides.
Wettable powder formulations of pronamide pose risks,
through dermal exposure, to mixers and applicators
which can be reduced to an acceptable level by requir-
ing that pronamide only be applied by certified
applicators.
Unique label warning statements
Manufacturing Use Products:
“CAUTION — Harmful if absorbed through the skin
or inhaled. Causes moderate eye irritation.
Avoid contact with the skin, eyes, or clothing.
Avoid breathing dust. Wash thoroughly with soap
and water after handling. Remove contaminated
clothing and wash before reuse.”
“Do not discharge effluent containing this
product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries.
oceans, or public water unless this product
Is specifically Identified and addressed in
an NPDES permit. Do not discharge effluent
containing this product into sewer systems
without previously notifying the sewage treat-
ment plant authority. For guidance contact
your State Water Board or Regional Office of
the EPA.”
All End—Use Products
“GENERAL PRECAUTIONS: Avoid contact with eyes,
skin or clothing.”
“PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: When mixing, loading or
applying this product, wear mldforearm waterproof
gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants,
preferably one piece (coveralls). Hand-spray
or hand—spreaders also require the use of
waterproof boots or shoe coverings. Wash non—
disposable gloves, boots and shoe coverings
thoroughly with soap and water before removing.”
“If water—soluble packaging is used, mixers and
loaders are exempted from protective clothing
requirements.”
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“Protective clothing/equipment is not needed during
application if an enclosed tractor cab with filtered
air supply or enclosed cockpit is used.”
“Any article of clothing worn while handling product
must be cleaned before reusing. Clothing should be
laundered separately from household articles. Cloth-
ing which has been drenched or heavily contaminated
should be disposed of in accordance with state or
local regulations.”
“Do not apply directly to water. Do not contaminate
water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.”
“Crops other than those on which pronamide may be
applied may not be planted in pronamide-treated soil.”
“Hand-spray applications of pronamide can be made
only to ornainentals and nursery stock.”
All % ettable Powder End-Use Products. These products
must be packaged in water-soluble packaging and
bear the following statements:
“RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE: Because pronamide has
produced tumors in laboratory animals, this product
is for retail sale to and use only by Certified
Applicators or persons under their direct super-
vision, and only for those uses covered by the
Certified Applicator’s certification.”
“Dilution Instructions”
“The enclosed pouches of this product are water
soluble. Do not allow pouches to become wet before
adding them to the spray tank. Do not handle the
pouches with wet hands or gloves. Always reseal
overwrap bag to protect remaining unused pouches.
Do not remove water soluble pouches from overwrap
except to add directly to the spray tank.”
“Add the required number of unopened pouches as
determined by the dosage recommendations into the
spray tank with agitation. Depending on the water
temperature and the degree of agitation, the pouches
should dissolve completely within approximately five
minutes from the time they are added to the water.”
All Granular End-Use Products
“Site treated with this product must be thoroughly
watered after application.”
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5. SUMMARY OF MAJOR DATA GAPS
Data required: Due date (or after issuance of Standard):-
Toxicology:
Chronic toxicity (rodent) 50 months
Oncogenicity (rat) 50 months
Teratogenicity (rat) 15 months
Reproduction (rat) 39 months
Mutagenicity - gene mutation 9 months
Mutagenicity — structural 12 months
chromosommal aberration
Mutagenicity — other 12 months
genotoxic effects
Special testing — general 2 I months
metabolism
Special testing — dermal 12 months
penetration
Environmental fate 9-39 months
Residue Chemistry January 1988
6. CONTACT PERSON AT EPA
Robert J. Taylor
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
TS—767C
401 M Street SW.
Washington, DC 20460
(703) 557—1800
DISCLAIMER: The information presented in this Pesticide Pact
Sheet is for informational purposes only and may not be used
to fulfill data requirements for pesticide registration and
reregistration.
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