United States Office of Pesticide* end Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Office of Pesticide Program* (TS-766C)
Agency Washington. DC 20460
vvEPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: TllIBMJl
Reason for Issuance: REREGISTRATION STANDARD /EPA CASE #
Date Issued: June ^ 1984
Fact Sheet Number: 29
1. Description of Chemical
Generic Name: Bis-(dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide
Cannon Nane: Thiram
Trade Names: Trade names and other names for thiram are AAtak, Arasan,
Delsan, Mercuram, Nonersan, Polyram-Alltra, Pomarsol,
Spatrete, Tersan, Thimer, Thiramad, Thirasan, Thiuramin,
Trametan, Triampa, Triponol, Tuads, Vancide, Tetramethylthiuram
disulfide, TM-95, TMTD, and TMTDS.
EPA Shaughnessy Code: 079801-7
Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Number: 137-26-8
Year of Intitial Registration: August 5, 1948, DuPont's Tetramethyl
Thiuramdisulfide, EPA Reg. No. 352-114
Pesticide Type: Fungicide and Rodenticide
Chemical Family: Organo-sulfur
U.S. and Foreign Producers:
1. E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
2. UCB Societe Anonyme, Belgian, for Virginia Chemical Inc., Prochimie
International, Inc., and UCB Chemical Corp.
3. R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc.
4. Aagrunol Chemicals, B.V., for Aceto Chemical Co., Inc.
2. Use Patterns and Formulations
Application Sites: Fruit, vegetable and ornamental plants (including
turf grasses), vegetable and field crop seeds, bananas, propagules of
sweet potatoes, tree seedlings, bulbs and cuttings of ornamental bulbs,
soil, textiles, polyurethane, wood pulp; and sites around hones, air-
ports, seedling nurseries.
Types of Formulations: Dusts, Wettable Powders and Flowable Suspensions.
Types and Methods of Application: Dusting, Spraying and Dipping.
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Application Rates: See Use Patterns in EPA Catçerdiun of Registered
Pesticides, Vol. II, Fungicides and N naticides, Part I, Pages T—30—
00-01 jthrcugh T: )- Q-O9.
Usual Carriers: Marl, Talc, Clays, Petroleun Oil, Graphite, Vetmjcul ite,
Mineral Oil, Charcoal and Water.
3. ScIentific Findings
Chenical Characteristics:
Physical State: P er (Micranilled)
Color: Crean to ‘thite
Odor:
Boiling Point: Not Applicable
Melting Point: Range 155—156°C
Flash Point: > 300° F
xiclty Characteristics :
All toxicological data revie d by the ency re found to be lacking
in information for evaluation, such as identification of canpound tested,
dose response information, individual animal information, pathology reports,
etc.
Physiological and Biochenical Behavioral Characteristics :
Foliar Absorption: The available data do not provide direct evidence
that thiran is or is not absorbed by roots or aerial portions of
plants.
Translocation: There is inadequate data to conclude that thiran is
translocated in plant tissue, but indirect evidence exists to
indicate thiran or a degradate of thiran may enter plant tissue.
Mechanisn of Pesticida]. P tion: Not understood as a fungicide. As a
repellant to rodents.
Metaboli n and Persistence in Plants and Animals: The metaboli n of
thiram in plants and animals is not adequately understood.
Envirorriental Characteristics :
Adsorption and Leaching in Basic Soil Types: Inadequate data.
Microbial Breakdown: Inadequate data.
Loss fran Photodecanposition and/or Volatilization: No data.
Bioaccunulation: No data.
Resultant Average Persistence: No data
Ecological Characteristics :
Hazards to fish and wildlife
Rainbow trout 96—hr LC5IJ = 0.130
Bluegill sunfish 96—hr LC ij = 0.044
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(tharacterized as “very highly toxic” to both cold water and warm
water fish.)
Thiram is ncderately toxic” to birds. There is insufficient information
to fully characterize the toxicity of thiram to mamnals. Generally, the
subcutanecxis toxicity is high,” the aoite oral toxicity is slight to
“ncderate,” and in saie species (ncuse) ‘practically non—toxic.” Thiraxn
is characterized as relatively non—toxic” to honeybees and predaceQis
ladybird beetles.
Potential problet Related to Endangered Species:
Mdit ional data (est iinated environmental concentrations, persistence,
avian reproduction studies, accunulat ion) are required to cci lete
the endangered species assessment for thiram.
Efficacy Review Results:
No efficacy reviews ware made.
Tolerance Assess ents:
1 • List of Crcçs and Tolerances:
The following table lists the present status for tolerances in parts per
million for residues of thirani:
Raw Agricultural Ca cdity
U.S.
Canada
Mexico
Codex
Apples
7
0.1
7
3 b
Bananas
7
1.0
—
l’
Celery
7
—
7
5
Onions (dry
Peaches
t ilb)
0.5
7
-
7
0.5
7
-
3 b
Strawberries
7
7
7
3 b
Tanatoes
7
7
7
3b
a. 7 parts per million in or on bananas (fran preharvest and poetharvest
application) of which not rwxe than 1 part per million shall be in the
pulp after peel is renoved and discarded.
b. A temporary Codex MRL for the residues of dithiocarbamates (of which
thiram is a nEn er) expressed n terns of nç CS 2 /kg, has been established.
c. Temporary Codex MRLS of 1 and 0.1 p xn have been established for total
dithiocarbamates residues (including thiram expressed as pçin CS 2 ) in or
on whole bananas and banana pulp, respectively.
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2. Seed Applications:
No tolerances have been established for thiram residues in or on any crop
for which thiram is registered solely for seed treatment, because heretofore
seed treatment uses have been considered to be nonfood uses. These crops
include: barley, beans (dry and succulent), lima beans, beets, broccoli,
brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupe, carrots, castor bean, cauliflower,
collards, corn (sweet and field), cotton, cowpeas, cucumber, eggplant, endive,
f lax, forage—fodder grasses, kale, kohlrabi, lentils, lettuce, millet,
muskmelons, mustard, oats, okra, onion, peanuts, peppers, pumpkins, radish,
rice, rye, safflower, sesame, small—seeded legumes, sorghum, soybeans, spinach,
sugar beets, sunflower, swiss chard, tomato, turnips, watermelon, and wheat.
Results of Tolerance Assessment:
Insufficient data are available to assess the adequacy of the tolerance
for thiram in or on all thiram—treated commodities having such tolerances:
apples, bananas, celery, onions (dry bulb), peaches, strawberries, and tomatoes
(40 CPR 180.132). Note that either green onions must be deleted from thiram
labels or residue data and a tolerance proposal must be submitted. Also note
that the in—furrow treatment for cotton must either be removed from thiram
labels or residue data and tolerance proposals must be submitted for forage,
seed, and processed products. In addition, many seed treatment uses are
registered for thiram on crops not having tolerances for thiram; the continued
‘nonfood’ classification of these uses is contingent upon the receipt of
plant metabolism studies demonstrating that thiram residues of concern are
not translocated into food/feed crops grown from thiram—treated seed. If
residues of concern are translocated, then residue data and tolerance proposals
must be submitted for all of these crops (or at least all of the representative
commodity members of each involved crop group). Finally, tolerances for
thiram animal products have not been established; if the requested animal
metabolism studies reveal that thiram residues of concern are transferred to
animals, then animal residue data (feeding studies) and appropriate tolerance
proposals will be required for ruminants and poultry. It is imperative that
the metabolism of thiram in plants and animals be elucidated, since many of
the above—noted data gaps are dependent upon the outcome of the metabolism
studies. Refer to the appropriate preceding sections for details of data
gaps. The data are insufficient to allow the establishment of any crop group
tolerances.
No ADI has been established for thirain. The T14RC is 0.7380 mg/day based
on a 1.5 kg diet and the relevant tolerances (40 CFR 180.132) and food factors.
Problems that are Known to Have Occurred with Use of the Chemical.
Two workers exposure effects have been identified:
1. Illness in pine seedling planters and handlers resulting from handling
thiram—treated pine seedlings without protective clothing (the illness
resulted from the ingestion of alcohol after such an exposure).
Note: Thiram is the methyl analog of Antabuse, bis—(diethylthiocarboiuyl
sulfide), a drug used in rehabilitating alcoholics.
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2. Skin rashes of the hands and head resulting fran exposure to thiratn in
handling thirain-treated pine seedlings.
These health effects have been reduced by restrictions that require workers
to ar gloves and protective clothing when handling thirain products.
4. Si.mmary of Regulatory Position and Rationale
Based on historical use experience (human health effects reports) and the
benefits fran the pesticidal uses, the Agency has determined to all i the
registration of thiram iducts to a ntinue for existing use-patterns until
the hazards are better defined by the data requiremants under the Thirain
Registration Standard.
5. Suninary of Major l ta Gaps
All toxi logy data, both acute and chronic studies.
Product cthemistry data
Residue chemistry studies
Enviro mantal fate
Hydrolysis studies
Photodegradat ion studies
Metabolism studies
Mobility studies
Dissipation studies
Acc iimilat ion studies
Re-entry
Foliar dissipation studies
Soil dissipation studies
Dermal exposure studies
Inhalation exposure studies
Avian reproduction studies
Field studies with maninals and birds
k uatic organism studies
Non-target insect studies
6. Contact Person
Eugene M. Wilson
EPA
Office of Pesticide Programa
Registration Division (TS—767—C)
Crystal Mall $2
1921 Jefferson Devis Hwy.
Arlington, VA 22202
Telephone (703) 557—1900
OISCiAT MER: £The information •presented in this .Chainical Information
Fact Sheet is for informational purposes only and may not be used to
fulfill data requ iremants for pesticide registration and reregistration.
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