United Sutai o«ic» of P*nieid« and TOKIC Sutatincw
Invironmannl Prottawn Qtl.w of Pwiadi Prognmt (TS-766CI
Agency Mtohington. DC 20460
Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: , , ,
A, J—1
Reason for Issuance: Registration Standard
Date Issued: September 1986
Fact Sheet Number: 95
1. Description of the chemical
Generic name: 1,3-dichloropropene (C3H4C12)
Oonncn name: None
Trade names: Telone II«, Dow Telone®,
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 542-75-6
Office of Pesticides Program Number: 029001
Year of initial registration: 1966
Pesticide type: Broad spectrum soil fumigant
Chemical family: Chlorinated hydrocarbon
U.S. producer: Dow Chemical Ctnpany
2. Use patterns and formulations;
Application sites: A soil fumigant with nematicidal, fungicidal,
insecticidal and herbicidal properties, for use on cotton, potatoes,
tobacco, sugar beets, vegetables, grains, citrus fruit tree planting
sites, deciduous fruit and nut-tree planting sites, bush and vine
planting sites, floral/turf and ornamental tree sites.
Types of formulations: 94% liquid concentrate formulations.
Types and methods of applications: Chisel injection into the soil,
using row (banded) or overall (broadcast) treatment.
Application rates: 43 to 968 Ibs ai/acre. One application per year.
Usual carriers: None
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3. Science F1nd1ri
Science s mnary : The Agency has categorized 1 ,3-dlchloropropene as a
probable human carcinogen. Chronic toxicity data show that the ch nical Is
oncogenic at multiple sites In both sexes or rats arxl mice. Other data
supporting the oncogenic finding of 1, 3-dIchloroprope e are: (1) a subcutaneous
ir,.j ection study In mice which showed Increased incidence of flbroearcanas
at the site of Injection, (2) studies showing that the cal3pound Is a direct
acting mutagen, and (3) the structural similarity between 1,3-dlchloropropene
and 1o owi human oncogens (I.e. vinyl chloride). The ch nical has not been
shown to cause teratogenic effects in rats or rabbits. 1, 3—dichioropropene is
acutely toxic by the oral and lnhalatlcn c te! of exposure.
1,3—dichioropropene has low to moderate toxicity to birds and moderate toxicity
to fish and aq tic Invertebrates. Limited data indicate that 1,3-dichioropropene
has the potential to leach ground water in sensitive erivirorments. Available
data are insufficient to more canpletely assess the envirorinental fate of
the pesticide. Available data are also insufficient to assess the residues
in raw agricultural canim dities.
1,2—Dichioropropane, an Impurity In 1,3-dlchioropropene, Is oncogenic in rats
and mice. However, Its oncogenic potency is lower than for 1,3—dichioropropene.
t ta indicate that 1,2-dichloropropane has the potential to leach to ground
water.
Ch nIcal characteristics :
Color: Pale yellow liquid at roan t nperature.
! b1ecular eIgbt: 110.98.
Miscible in hydrocarbon solvents.
Toxicological Characteristics :
Acute oral toxicity — i170 to 713 mgJkg, Toxicity Category II
Acute oral toxicity — 6Z 0 mg/kg, Toxicity Category III,
Skin irritation — Moderate irritant, Toxicity Category III
Eye irritation — Corneal opacity reversible within seven days,
Toxicity Category II.
Subchronlc toxicity
Subchronic inhalation (rat and mouse) - NOEl, 30 ppii
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Chronic toxicity . A two-year rat oral gavage study had a NOEL of 25 mg/kg/day.
Effects noted were an increased incidence of basal hyperplasia in treated
males ard f nales, increased kidney nephropathy in treated f ru 1 es, and
urinary bladder edana at high dosages In males and fanales.
In a two year mouse feeding study, the effects noted were reduced fenale
survival rate at the high dose and increased incidences of urinary
bladder epithelial cell hyperplasla in both males and fariales in the
mid-and high-dose levels. A NOEL was not determined in this 8tUdy.
C icogenIcity : I ,3-dichloropropene has been classified as a probable hunan
c .rcInogen based on studies In rats and mice. Oral studies in rats
showed that it produced squamous cell papillanas and carcinanas of the
forestanach in males at the high dose. In the liver, there were increases
of neoplastic nodules In treated males at both dosage levels canpared to
the controls. In fanale rats, squamous cell papi1lc ’ras of the f’orestcinach,
marrunary gland adenanas/flbroadenanas and thyroid follicular cell adenanas/
carcincsnas were observed.
In mice, 1 ,3-dichloroproperie produced an increased incidence of urinary
bladder transitional cell carcincinas, squamous cell papillcznas of the
forestanach, and lung adencr as and carcincinas (ccznbined) in f’enales
at the mid and high dosage levels. There was an increase In hepatocellular
adenanas and carcinanas in the fenales at the mid dosage level. In
male mice, there was an increased incidence of hepatocellular adenanas
In canbinatlon with carcincinas, lung adenanas In canbination with
carcinaras, and squamous cell papillcxnas of the forestanach at the mid
and high dosage levels. Urinary bladder carcinanas were also observed
in the male8 at the high dosage level.
Studies also indicate that 1,2-dichioropropane, an Impurity in 1,3-
dichloropropene, Is an oncogen In rats and mice, but the Agency believes
it i a less potent oncogen than 1,3-dichoropropene.
Mutagen.lcity : 1, 3-dichioropropene has been determined to be a direct acting
mutagen. 1,3—dichloropropene has produced positive gene mutation in
microbial aystans. In addition, 1,3-dichioropropene produced positive
results for DNIt damage/repair in microbial strains. I ta on structural
chranoscinal aberration are not available. These studies are required.
Reproductive effects : ! data are available on reproductive effects. A
two-generation reproduction study Is required.
Develoixnental effects : In two inhalation studies, 1,3-dichioropropene was
found to cause develoj nental effects In rats and rabbits. In the rat
study, no teratogenic effects’ were observed, but maternal toxicity
occurred at all dose levels. Developnental toxicity (delayed ossifi-
cation of vertebral centra) occurred at the highest dose (120 ppn). In
the rabbit study maternal toxicity occurred at the 2 highest dose levels
(60 ppn and 120 ppn), but no evidence of developnental toxicity was
apparent.
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Exposure : The average inhalation exposure of applicators engaged in various
work activities Is estimated to range fran 0.15 to 23.99 mg/kg/year.
Dietary exposure to 1 ,3-dichloropropene has not been estimated. Residue
data for this assessment are required.
Risks to workers and applicators : The upper bound Inhalation oncogenic
risks to workers handling 1,3-dichioropropene during distribution and
storage are estimated to be in the range of 10—2 to 10-5. Risks to
applicators during and immediately post-treath ent are estimated to be
in the range of io3 to io5.
Physiological and biochemical behavioral characteristics : Mechanism of’
pesticidal action: 1,3—dichioropropene acts as a sterilant on contact
with the pest.
Metabolism in plants : Metabolism of 1 ,3-dichloropropene in plants is not
adequately understood.
Envirorinental characteristics : t ta indicate that 1 ,2-dichloropropane,
an impurity of’ technical 1,3-dichioropropene has the potential to
leach to ground water. Additional studies on the env1roi ental fate
of 1,3-dichioropropene, its Impurities and metabolites are required.
1 ta indicate that 1,3-dichioropropene itself leaches to ground water
,then it Is present in the most sensitive envlrornent (shallow ground
water and sandy soils of low percentage organic matter in areas of high
rainfall or irrigation).
Ecological characteristics :
Avian acute oral toxicity: Bobwhite quail - 152 mg/kg
Avian dietary toxicity: Mallard duck — >10,000 ppn
Bobwhite quail - >10,000 ppn
Aquatic invertebrate toxicity: t phriia magna — 6.2 ppn
Freshwater fish toxicity: Bluegill sunfish — 7.09 ppn
Rainbow trout — 3.9z1 ppn
sed on these data, the Agency characterizes 1, 3-dichloropropene as
low to moderately toxic to waterfowl and upland game birds. 1,3-dichioro-
propene Is moderately toxic to coidwater fish, warmwater fish, and
freshwater invertebrates.
Endangered species : 1,3-dichioropropene has low to moderate toxicity to
birds and aquatic species. Available data do not Indicate a potential
hazard to endangered species.
Tolerance assessment : No tolerances or exemptions fran the requirement of
tolerances for residues of’ 1,3—dichioropropene in or on food/feed casnodities
have been established in the United States, Mexico, Canada or by the Codex
Al 1n ntarius.
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Current data are inadequate to determine if residues of 1 ,3-dlchloropropene,
its matabolites, or manufacturing impurities will result in food or feed
fran use of 1 ,3-dichloropropene. 1 ta on the metabollmii of 1 ,3—dichloropropene
in crops grown In treated soils are required. The additional data will
be used to assess possible residues in food and feed crops and may lead
to additional data requir iients In residue ch nistry. !I lerances in
food crops may be necessary If residues are found In crops, and may be
necessary In an1inaL if’ residues are found In animal feed 1t iis.
Reported pesticide incidents : The Agency’s Pesticide Incidence Monitoring
Systen does not report any Incidents during the perIod 1966—1981. However,
information fran the State of’ California indicates that physicians treated
an average of 2.20 1,3-dichloropropene incidents annually fran 1981 through
1985. An additional 3.80 occupational cases were reported annually as
de rma.l (1.80) or eye (2.00) Injuries.
LI. S mTn ry of regulatory positions and rationale :
The Agency has placed 1,3-dlchloropropene in Special Review because
of oncogenic effects • 1, 3-dlchloropropene has been categorized as a
probable human carcinogen, with effects d ronstrated at multiple sites
in both sexes of rats and mice.
The Agency Is classifying the 1,3—dichloropropene products for
Restricted Use by certified applicators only, based upon acute toxicity
and onccgenicity. Restricted use will help ensure that mixer/loaders
and applicators observe use precautions intended to protect a inst
inhalation exposure.
The Agency is continuing on an Interim basis the current reentry
Interval of 72 hours for 1,3—dichioropropene products.
The Agency is continuing to require protective clothing and equ1 nent
during mixing, loading, application, and If spillage occurs. Protective
clothing and equip ent include coveralls, gloves, heavy-duty footwear,
safety goggles, and a mask or respirator approved for use with 1,3—
dichioropropene.
—— Available residue data are inadequate to determine if’ residues of
1 ,3—dlchloropropene, Its metabolites, or manufacturing Impurities will
occur In food or feed as a result of soil ftznigatlon. Although such
fizn1 tIori use has in the past been considered non-food, the Agency may
require the establis nent of tolerances in food, feed, or animals If
residues are found.
The Agency is requiring enviromental fate data including ground
ter nonitoring studies on 1,3—dichloropropene, its impurities, and
metabolites to determine whether there Is a potential for groundvater
contamination.
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—- The Agency will require a cancer hazard warning statement on
1, 3-dichloropropene products, to provide the opportunity for informed
consent by users, and to encourage canpilance with protective measures
that will reduce exposure.
E dangered species labeling statements are not warranted at this
tune, based upon available data. Il ’ envirormental fate or other
data indicate a potential hazard to endangered species, the Agency
will request a consultation Iran the Office of F idangered Species,
t parthient of the Interior.
5. La lir,Z tater1ents .
a. Manufacturing-Use Products
Precautionary Statements: “DANGER. Causes severe eye damage.
May be fatal if inhaled, absorbed throu skin, or swallowed. Do
not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Wear chemical worker
goggles, face shield or safety glasses. Wash tIx)roughly with soap
and water after handling, and before eating and amoking”.
Effluent discharge statement: “Do not discharge effluent containing
this product directly into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans
or public waters unless this product is specifically identified
and addressed In a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit. Do not discharge effluent containing this product
into sewer systems without previously notifying the sewage trea nent
plant autbority. Pbr guidance, contact your State Water Board or
Regional Office of the Dwirorinental Protection Agency”.
Cancer Hazard Warning Statement: “ The use of this product may be
hazardous to your health. This product contains 1 ,3-dichloropropene
• which has been determined to cause ttmrs In laboratory animals.
Risks can be reduced by closely following the use directions and
precautions, and by wearing protective clothing specified
elsewhere on this label”.
b. & d Use Products .
Precautionary statements: “DANGER. Causes severe eye damage.
May be fatal If inhaled, absorbed throu skin, or swallowed. Do
not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Wear chemical worker
goggles, face shield or safety glasses. Wash thoroughly with soap
and water after handling, and before eating and amoking.”
Restricted use statement: “Por retail sale to and use only by Certified
Applicators or persons under their direct supervision and only
for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator’s certification.”
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Cancer Hazard Warning Statement: “ The use of this product ma.y be
hazardous to your health. This product contains 1,3-dichioropropene
which has been deter nined to cause t ziors in laboratory animals.
Risks can be reduced by closely following the use directions and
precautions, and by bearing protective clothing and equipnent
specified elsewhere on this label.”
E ivircn ntal hazard statement: “I not contaminate water by cleaning
of equipnent or disposal of wastes. In case of spills, properly
dispose of contaminated materials.”
Protective clothing statements: “Required clothing and equipnent for
mixing/loading and applying 1., 3-dichioropropene”:
“ e—piece coveralls which have long sleeves and long pants constructed
of laminated fabric as specified in the USDA/EPA Guide for Camerclal
Applicators”.
“Liquid-proof hat such as a plastic hard hat with a plastic sweat
band”.
“Heavy-duty liquid proof (neoprene/synthetic) work gloves and
boots”.
“Any article worn while handling 1 ,3-dichloropropene must be washed
before reusing. Imedlately remove all clothing which has been
drenched or has otherwise absorbed 1 ,3-dichloropropene Iran any
spill. Dispose of contaminated clothing in a sanitary landfill,
or by incineration if allowed by state and local authorities. If
burned, stay out of smoke.”
Reentry statement: “Workers entering the treated area for 72 hours
after application of l,3—dichloropropene nn.ist ar protective
clothing.”
Storage And Disposal Statements: “Pesticide wastes are hazardous.
Improper disposal of excess pesticide is a violation of Federal
Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to
label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or E viromental
Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest
EPA Regional Office for Guidance.”
5. Swinary of major data gaps :
Residue chemistry data
Nature of residue (plant metabolian) May 30, 1987
Storage stability May 30, 1987
Crop field Trials April 30, 1988.
¶Ibxicology data
Acute dermal toxicity June 30, 1987
Acute inhalation toxicity June 30, 1987
Dennal sensitization June 30, 1987
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21 day dermal
Chronic toxicity - dog
cogenicity - rat and mouse
Reproduction
Structural chrcinoscinal aberration
General metaboliam
Envirornental fate data
Photodegradation in air
Aerobic soil metaboliam
Anaerobic aquatic metabolism
Aerobic aquatic metabollam
Mobility of degradates
(leaching, adsorption/desorptlon)
Soil dissipation
Aquatic sediment
Soil dissipation (long-term)
Accunulatlon in rotational crops
(confined)
Monitoring ground water &
well water (protocol)
Reentry protection data
Soil dissipation
t rmal exposure
Inhalation exposure
October 30, 1987
I c nber 30, 1990
July 30, 1988
July 30 1987
October 30,
October 30,
June 30, 1987
January 30, 1989
January 3C, 1999
Janaury 30, 1989
October 30, 1987
January 30, 1989
January 30, 1989
I ceiiber 30, 1990
January 30, 1990
April 30, 1988.
Ecological effects data are not required for this Standard.
Product chenistry data are required durIng 1987.
6. Contact Person at EPA :
Lois Rossi,
Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA,
Registration Division (TS-767C)
Fungicide—Herbicide Branch
1 M Street., S.W.
Washington, DC 20 l60.
Ptx ne (703) 557—1900
DISCLAIMER: The information presented in this Chanical Information Fact
ieet is for Informational purposes only and may not be used to fulfill
data requiranents for pesticide registration and reregistration.
1987
1988
January
January
January
30, 1989
30, 1989
30, 1989
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