United States Office of Peiticido and Toxic Sutatancw
Environmental Protection Office of Pestiode Programs (TS-766C)
Agency Washington. DC 20460
&EPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: FENVALERATE
Reason for Issuance: Registration update
_ . . September 11, 1987
Date Issued:
Fact Sheet Number: 145
1. DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL
Generic Name: (S)-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) Methyl-(s)-4-chloro-
alpha-(l-methylethyl) benzeneacetate
Common Name: Penvalerate (BSI, ISO)
Trade Names: Pydrin; Sumicidin; Belmark
Other Names: S-5602; Sanmarton; SD 43775; Sumifly; Sumipower
EPA Shaughnessy Code: 109301
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number: 51630-58-1
Year of Initial Registration: 1978
Pesticide Type: Pyrethroid-1ike; Insecticide/miticide
Chemical Family: Pyrethroid
Manufacturers: E. I. Dupont de Nemours; Sumitomo Chemical Co, Ltd (Japan)
2. USE PATTERNS AND FORMULATIONS
Application Sites: Ftoliar treatments for control of various insect pests
on agricultural crops, fruits, vegetables, ornamentals,
lawns. Space and contact spray treatments in and around
commercial and residential areas such as hospitals,
supermarkets, motels, hotels, homes, transportation
equipment (buses, boats, ships, trains, airplanes),
utilities, food processing plants, restaurants and other
food handling establishments, for control of common
premise pests such as cockroaches, crickets, and ticks.
Direct spray treatments for control of ectoparasites on
pets, horses; cattle eartag; and spot treatment of fire
ant mounds, and soil treatment for subterranean termite
control in and around buildings and structures.
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Types of Formulations: E nulsifiable concentrates; liquids (ready—to—use),
ready—to-use, and impregnated, and ULV concentrate.
3. themical/Physical tharacteristics of the Technical Grade
Physical State: Liquid.
ODlor: Clear viscous yellow
Odor: Mild chemical odor
Molecular weight and formula: 419.9 — C 25 H 22 C1N0 3 .
Melting Point:
Boiling Point:
Density: 1.17 g/ml at 23° C.
Vapor Pressure: 1.1 x 108 mmHg at 25°C.
Solubility in various solvents: In H 2 0, <1 mg/i at 20° C.
In acetone, chloroform, cyclohexane,
ethanol, and xylene, >1 kg/kg at 23° C.
In hexane, 155 g/kg at 23° C.
Stability: Stable to heat and sunlight; stable to moisture; more stable
in acid (pH 4) than alkaline solution.
Ibxicology Characteristics of the Technical Grade
— Acute Oral: LD 50 1—3 gms/kg for rat.
— Acute Dermal LDSo for rabbit = 1—3 gms/kg
— Primary Dermal Irritation (rabbit): none observed
— Primary Eye Irritation (rabbit): none observed
— Skin Sensitization (guinea pig): none observed
— Acute Inhalation(rat); LC 50 > 101 gms/m3/4 hours
— Subchronic oral: rat — NOEL = 125 ppm;
dog — NOEL = 500 ppm (HDT)
— Chronic Thxicity (rat): NOEL =250 ppm (HDT)
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lbxicology Characteristics of the Technical Grade (continued)
— Chronic Toxicity (dog)*: NOEL = 200 ppm (HDT)
— ( cogenicity (24 rronth — mice): systemic NOEL = lO—5Oppm, no
oncogenic effects at 1,250p p m (HDT)
— Teratogenicity: Teratogenic (mice) NOEL = 50 mg/kg/day (HDT);
Teratogenic (rabbit) NOEL = 50 mg/kg/day (EDT)
— Reproduction (3—Geri. Rat): NOEL = 250 ppm (HDT)
— Mutagenicity (dominant lethal — mice): negative at 100 mg/kg, (EDT)
— Host medicated — (Mice): Negative at 50 mg/kg (HDT)
— Mutagenic — (Ames); Negative
— Mutagenic — (Chinese hamster, bone merrow): Negative at 25 mg/kg
*MO 70616 containing 75% of the active isomer (A—alpha) was tested
in place of SD 43775 which contains 18% of its A—alpha isomer.
Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics
— The rtxx e of action in biological systems is stocnwh and contact,
exhibiting neuropathological characteristics typical of pyrethroid
insecticides. Slight repellarit effect.
— F liar absorption: N/A
— Translocation: N/A
E vironmental Characteristics
Adequate data are sufficient to define the fate of fenvalerate in the
environment. nvalerate is stable to hydrolysis at environmental pH
and temperature and to photolysis. In aqueous solutions exposed to
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E ivironmefltal tharacteristiCS (continued)
natural sunlight, approximately 52% of the parent compound degraded with
a calculated half—life of 41 days. In the laboratory, in soil maintained
under aerobic conditions the half—life ranged from 65 days to 8 months, in
soil maintained under anaerobic conditions the half life was approximately
6 months. In colunr —leaching studies where fenvalerate was applied to
different soil types and then saturated with water, results indicated that
fenvalerate and aged degradation products were relatively in obile. Field
studies indicate that residues of fenvalerate remain in the 0—4 inch layer
with a half—life of 1—2 months. After 183 days, residues were at negligible
or undetectable levels. Confined and field rotational crop data show that
residues of fenvalerate are likely to occur in root crops at intervals
of less than nine months. Bioaccumulation factors of 400X were found in
edible portions of rainbow trout after exposure for 30 days. Depuration
was relatively slow with about 40—60% of the residual activity remaining
after 33 days and virtually all as intact parent compound. In catfish,
with a bioaccumulation factor of 62X the depuration was also slow with a
half—life of 46 days in whole fish.
Ecological Effects tharacteristics
— Avian acute oral LDSo (Mallard): CD 50 = 9,932 mg/kg.
— Avian dietary CC 50 (Bobwhite quail): CC 50 > 10,000 ppm.
— Avian dietary CC 50 (Mallard): CC 50 = 5,500 ppm.
— Fish acute 96—hour CC 50 (Bluegill sunfish): CC 50 = 0.42 ppb.
— Aquatic invertebrate acute 48—hour CC 50
(Pink shrimp)*: (96—hour) EC 50 = 1.4 ppb.
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Iblerance Assessments
The maximum prem.issible intake (MPI) was calculated using the rat
no—observable effect level (NOEL) of 50 ppm, which was determined in a
subchronic (13—week) feeding study. The study was conducted with MO
70616 which containing 75% of the active isomer (A—alpha) instead of
the ) 43775 which contains 18% of its A—alpha isomer. This NOEL is
equivalent to 2.5 mg/kg/day. A safety factor of 100 results in a
calculated acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.025 mg/kg/day and an MPI
of 1.5 mg/kg/day for a 60 kg human.
No additional data are required to support the current crop tolerances
listed in 40 CFR 8180.379
Summary Science Statement
— Fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid is toxic to wildlife and extremely
toxic to fish. It is. higly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment
on blooming crops or weeds. Fenvalerate has low toxicity to mammals.
A 24—month feeding/oncogenic (rat) study demonstrated that fenvalerate
is not oncogenic. Mutagenicity data indicate that fenvalerate was
negative for all mutagenic tests conducted. Fenvalerate is inmDbilized
in soils. The aged degradation products of fenvalerate do not leach
significantly in a sandy loam soil column. It degrades in the soil
under field conditions. At this time, there are no concerns for ground-
water contamination.
4. Su’nmary of Major t ta Caps
— Freshwater invertebrate life—cycle test
— Estuarine invertebrate life—cycle test
— Simulated and/or actual field study
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5. Surrunary of Tblerances Issued for Fenvalerate
Cbmmodity Parts per million
Almond hulls 15.0
Almonds 0.2
Apples 2.0
Artichokes 0.2
Beans, dried 0.25
Beans, snap 2.0
Broccoli 2.0
cabbage 10.0
cantaloupes 1.0
Carrots 0.5
Cattle, fat 1.5
Cattle, nbyp 1.5
Cattle, meat 1.5
Cauliflower 0.5
Collards 10.0
Corn, grain 0.002
Corn, fodder 50.0
Corn, forage 50.0
Corn, sweet, kernels & cobs 0.1
Cottonseed 0.2
Cucumbers 0.5
Eggplant 1.0
E iglish walnuts 0.2
Filberts 0.2
Goats, fat 1.5
Goats, rthyp 1.5
Goats, meat 1.5
Hogs, fat 1.5
Hogs, mbyp 1.5
Hogs, meat 1.5
Honeydew melons 1.0
Horses, fat 1.5
Horses, mbyp 1.5
Horses, meat 1.5
Milk 0.3
Milk, fat 7.0
Muskmelons 1.0
Peanuts 0.002
Peanut hulls 0.10
Pears 2.0
Peas 1.0
Peas, dried 0.25
Pecans 0.2
Peppers 1.0
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5. Summary of Thierances Issued for Fenvalerate (continued)
Cbmmodity Parts per million
Potatoes 0.02
Pumpkins 1.0
Radish, roots 0.3
Radish, tops 8.0
Sheep, fat 1.5
Sheep, ntyp 1.5
Sheep, meat 1.5
Soybeans 0.05
Stone fruits 10.0
Sugarcane 2.0
Sun er squash 0.5
Sunflower seed 1.0
Tbmatoes 1.0
Watermelons 1.0
Winter squash 1.0
6. Cbntact Person at EPA
George T. LaRocca
Product Manager 15
Insecticide—Rodenticide Branch
Registration Division (TS—767C)
Office of Pesticide Programs
&ivironmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
Off ice location and Telephone No.
— Room 204, Crystal Mall #2
— 1921 Jefferson Davis Highway
— Arlington, VA 22202
— (703) 557—2400
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