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v^EPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: Chlorpropham
Reason for Issuance: Reaistration Standard
Date Issued: DEC SO
Fact Sheet Number: ^'-o
150
1 . DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL
Generic Name: IsopropyL N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbaraace
Common Name: Chlorpropham
Trade Names: Beet-Kleen, Furloe, Sprouc Nip, Spud-Nic, Tacer-
pex, Triherbicide-CIPC, Unicrop CIPC, Chloro IPC
EPA Shaughnessy Code: 018301
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number: 101-21-3
Year of Initial Registration: 1962
Pesticide Type: Herbicide and plant growth regulator
Pests Controlled: Suckers on tobacco plants, sprouting in
stored potatoes, broadleaf weeds and grasses.
Chemical Family: Carbaraate
U. S. and Foreign Producers: Pennwalt Holland B.V.
(Netherlands), PPG Industries, Inc.,
Chemical Div.-U.S., Universal Crop
Protection Ltd.
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2. USE PATTERNS AND FORMULATIONS
Application Sites: Terrestrial food and riontooa crop anc
or- amenta1s.
Types and Methods of Application: Chiorpropham is a selective
preplant incorporated, preemerge ce, and postemergence
herbicide and plant growth regulator. Chlorpropham may be
applied by ground or by air.
Application Rates: Altalta 1- 6 pounds active ingredient per acre
(lb al/A); beans (jima and snap) 4 lb al/A;
perennial grasses (seed crop) no rate given; flowers
(ann al, bienn al, perennial (bulbs)) 4—6 lb ai/A;
garlic 2—4 lb al/A; spinach 1—2 lb al/A; clovers
2-4 lb al/A; onions 4-8 lb al/A; ornamentals 4—8 lb
al/A; sattlower 3-6 lb al/A; blackberries, raspberries
6 Lb al/A; blueberries 8—12 lb al/A; cranberries 10—20
lb al/A; so..ithern peas 4-6 lb al/A; soybeans 2—4 lb al/A.
s garbeet (seed Crop) 3-4 lb al/A; and tomatoes 4 lb al/A.
Types of Formulations: 98% Technical Grade Active Ingredient (TGA .LJ:
5%, 10.3% and 20% active ingred Ient Cal) granule (G);
11.9% ai, 15% ai, 22.2% ai, 25% ai, 36% ai. and
47% ai emulsifiable concentrate (EC); 46% ai, 46.5%
al, 49.65% ai, 78.4% ai and 78.5% ai liquid ready
to se (RTU).
Usual Carrier: Water
3. SCIENCE FINDINGS
S mmary science Statement: The current aata base tor
chlorpropham is insufticient with extensIve data gaps in all
areas.
tns tticient data are available to permit a reliable preaict io- 1
of the leaching potential of chlorpropham. Taking into account
chiorpropham’s high solubility and relative stability in
water, in addition to the known mobility of a related chemIcal,
propham, chiorpropham can be expected to leach arid might enter
gro. nd water.
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Chemical Characteristics: T = Technical
P = Pure Active tngredLent
Physical state - (T) fused solid
Color - (T) off white to light brown
Density, bulk density, or - (T) Ca. 1.2 gram/milliliter
Specific gravity (P) 1.180 at 30°C
Solubility - (F) 102.5 parts per million (ppm) in water,
24°C
Melting point - (T) 37-40°C
(P) 39° C
Toxicology Characteristics
Acute Toxicity - No acceptable data are available on the
acute toxicity, primary eye irritation or dermal
irritation.
Chronic and Subchronic Toxicity - No available data are
available on the subchronic toxicity, oncogenicity, or
metabolism of chiorpropham. The available data on terato-
genicity and reproduction are acceptable.
Teratogenc i ty:
Rat:
Maternal Toxic No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) = 100 mg/kg/day
This is the dose Level that produces no observable effects in
pregnant rats.
Developmental Toxic NOEL = 350 mg/kg/day
Rabbit:
Maternal Toxic NOEL = 250 mg/kg/day
This is the dose level that produces no observable effects in
the embryo or fetuses of rabbits.
Developmental Toxic NOEL = 125 mg/kg/day
Reproduction:
Rat:
Reproductive NOEL > 10000 ppm (highest dose tested (HDT))
Systemic NOEL 1000 ppm (Lowest dose tested (LDT))
MutagenicLty - The single acceptable mucagenicicy
study (gene mutation) was negative.
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Physiological and Behavioral Characteristics
Translocation - Chiorpropham may he translocated from the
roots into the shoots.
Mechanism of Pesticide Action - Chiorpropham suppresses
plant transpiraton and respiration, and inhibits root and
epicotyL growth.
Metabolism and Persistence inPlants and Animals - The
metabolism of chlorpropham in growing plants has been
adequately described. The herbicide is translocated
from roots into shoots and residues include chLorp ophatn,
isopropyl 3-chloro-6-hydroxycarbanilate, isopropyl 3-chloro-
4-hydroxycarbanilate, 1 -hydroxy-2--propyl-3-chlorocarbanilate
(isopropyl-OH-CIPC), isopropyl 3-chloro-2-hydroxycarbanilate,
and 3-chioroaniline. Additional data are required regarding
the metabolism of chlorpropham in stored potato tubers
treated postharvest and in livestock (ruminants and poultry).
Environmental Characteristics
Available data are insufficient to fully.assess the
environmental fate of chiorpropham. The data requirement for
a hydrolysi.s study has been satisfied.
A hydroLysis study showed that chiorpropham is relatively
stable in sterile water in the dark. After 32 days in aqueous
buffered solutions at pH 4, 7, and 9 held in the dark at
40°C, about 90% of the applied chlorpropham remained undegraded.
The remaining environmental fate studies are inadequate, -
but supplementary data indicate that chlorpropham (parent compound)
dissipates with a half-life of <14 days in the upper 3 inches
of silty clay loam and silt loam soils regardless of site or
application procedure (incorporated or surface-applied).
Fish accumulation data indicate that chiorpropham
bioaccumulated in the skinless fiLlet of a bluegill sunfish
to 100 times the levels in water.
Supplementary data indicate that chlorpropham accumulated
.n rotational crops planted 12 months after treatment.
Reentry data are not required because available
toxLcological data do not indicate a need for reentry data.
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The following studies are required: photodegradation in
water and on soil, aerobic and anaerobic soil. metabolLsm,
leaching and absorption/desorption, volatility (lab) , field
dissipation, irrigated crops and fish accumulation. Additional
rotational crop studies (confined and field) are also required.
The Agency is concerned about pesticide residues reaching
ground water. The potential for chiorpropham to reach ground
water cannot be assessed since no leaching data are available.
Taking into consideration chiorpropham’s high solubility and
its relative stability in water and the mobility of a related
chemical, propham, chlorpropham can be expected to leach and
thus might enter ground water.
Chiorpropham is the subject of a ground water DCI
notificati on and additional data are needed to fully characterize
the potential for it to enter ground water.
Ecological Characteristics
Hazards to Fish and Wildlife - A supplementary study
indicates that chiorpropham is practically nontoxic to water
fowl (mallard median lethal dose (LD 50 ) is greater than
2000 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)).
Core studies indicate that chiorpropham is moderately
toxic to coidwater and warmwater freshwater fishes (bluegill
sunfish median lethal concentration (LC 50 )= 6.3-6.8
parts per million (ppm); rainbow trout LC 50 = 3.02-5.7
ppm).
Tolerance Assessment
Tolerances have been established for residues of
chlorpropham in or on a variety of raw agricultural plant
commodities, meat, milk, and eggs (40 CFR 180.181 and 40 CFR
180.319).
Results of Tolerance Assessment - Due to the lack of
acceptable plant and animal (livestock) metabolism data,
storage stability data, and residue data, a conclusive
tolerance reassessment cannot be conducted.
Based on chronic effects observed in a two-generation rat
reproduction study (slow weight gain; mLcroscopic lesions
i,n kidneys, spleen, liver and marrow; gross spleenic
Lesions; and organ weight changes in the liver and spleen)
a Provisional Acceptable DaLly Intake (PADI) has been
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established at 0.2 mg/kg/day based on a NOEL of 50 mg/kg/day
and an uncertainty factor of 300. [ An uncertainty factor
of 100 was used to account for the inter -and intraspecies
difference and a factor of 3 was used to account for the
inadequate data base for chronic toxicity].
The Theoretical Maximum Residue Contribution (TMRC) to
the human diet was based upon published tolerances. The TURC
for 22 subgroups of the U.S. population ranged from 0.0182-
0.1154 mg/kg/day which occupies 9-58% of the PADI. Upon
receipt of the requested residue chemistry and toxicology
data, the chiorpropham tolerances will be reassessed.
Reported Pesticide Incidents
There are no Pesticide Incident oriitoring System (PIMS)
reports or accident reports concerning chlorpropham.
4. SUMMARY OF REGULATORY POSITION AND RATIONALE
Warning Statements Required on Labels:
Manufacturing-Use Products
Do not discharge effluent containing this product into
lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or public waters
unless this product is specifically identified and addressed
in an NPDES permit. Do not discharge effluent containing
this product into sewer systems without previously notifying
the sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance, contact
your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA.
End-Use Products (Terrestrial Food and Non-food Crop)
Do not apply directly to water or wetlands (swamps,
bogs, marshes, potholes).. Do not apply where runoff is likely
to occur. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment
or disposal of wastes.
5. SUMMARY OF MAJOR DATA GAPS:
DATA DUE DATE
PRODUCT CHEMISTRY 6 to 15 Months
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18
15
18
18 to 24
9
9
9
9
9
9
15
18
12
15
50
50
12
12
24
Months
Months
Mon ths
Non ths
Months
Months
Months
Mon ths
Non ths
Months
Months
Months
Months
Months
Months
Months
Months
months
months
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Photodegradation (water and soil)
Metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic soil)
Leaching and Adsorption/Desorption
Dissipation (soil)
(soil, long—term)
Accumulation
Rotational Crops (confined)
Rotational Crops (field)
Irrigated Crops
In Fish
WILDLIFE AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Residue Monitoring
Acute Avian Oral Toxicity
Avian Subacute Dietary
Freshwater Fish Toxicity
Acute Toxicity to Freshwater
Invertebrate
9 Months
27 Months
7 Months
27 Months
Res erved
39 Months
Reserved
39 Months
12 Months
9 Months
9 Months
9 Months
9 Months
9 Months
15 Months
RESIDUE CHEMISTRY
Mature of Residue (metabolism)
Residue Analytical 1’lethod
Storage Stability
Magnitude of the Residue for
Each Food Use
Magnitude of the Residue in
Drinking and Irrigation water
TOXICOLOGY
Acute Oral Toxicity (rat)
Acute Dermal Toxicity (rabbit)
Acute Inhalation Toxicity (rat)
Primary Eye Irritation
Primary Dermal Irritation
Dermal Sensitization
90 Day Feeding (rodent)
(non- rodent)
21 Day Derinal (rabbit)
Smoke Inhalation
Chronic Toxicity (rodent and non-rodent)
Oncogenicity (rat and mouse)
Structural Chromosoma]. Aberration
Other Mechanisms Mutagenicity
General Metabolism
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Acute Toxicity to EstuarLne and 12 Honths
Marine Organisms
Fish Early Life Stage and Aquatic 15 Months
Invertebrate Life Cycle
Fish Life Cycle 27 Months
#5 CONTACT PERSON AT EPA :
Robert J. Taylor, Product Manager (25)
401 U. Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(703) 557—1800
DISCLAIMER: The information pres enced in this Pesticide-Fact Sheet
is for informational purposes only and may not be used to fulfill
data requirements for pesticide registration and reregistration.
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