United State* Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Office of Pestiade Programs (TS-766C)
Agency Washington, DC 20460
&EPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS EG-1053
Reason for Issuance: New chemical
Date Issued: 3/3/88
FacTSheet Number: 160
1. Description of Chemical
Generic Name: Pseudomonas fluorescens EC-1053
Trade Name: DAGGER™
EPA Shaughnessy Code: 064188
Year of Initial Registration 1988
Pesticide Type: Biofungicide
U.S. and Foreign
Producers: Ecogen Inc.
2005 Cabot Boulevard West
Langhorne, PA 19047-1810
2. Use Patterns and Formulations;
Application Sites: Pseudomonas fluorescens is proposed for
use on cotton for control of Pythium/Rhizoctonia.
Types of formulations: 20% Granular End-Use Product
Types and methods application: End-use product is applied
in the furrow at planting time with use of a granular
pesticide applicator.
Application rates: The proposed application rate is 15 pounds
per acre.
Usual carrier: Water
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3. Science Findings
Sunm ry Science Statement :
The biofungicide was not toxic to test animels when
administered via the oral, derrnal, or pulmonary routes.
The active ingredient, P. fluorescens was not infective or
pathogenic for test animels when administered via the oral,
puirronary, or intravenous routes. Dagger tm G biofungicide
did not elicit a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in
guinea pigs. The formulated product was mildly irritating
to the eye. All toxicology studies were considered
acceptable.
Avian testing on the active ingredient, P. fluorescens , by
both the oral and injection route showed no adverse effects
at levels of 6.9 x i0 6 and 4.6 x 106 colony forming units
per bird. The Agency believes that there will not be any
adverse effects to avian species through the use of Dagger tm
on cotton.
Likewise, injection studies using mice show no
pathogenic or toxic signs attributable to P. fluorescens .
Therefore, the Agency believes that use of this product
will not cause adverse effects to feral mamn ls.
The n jor concern in aquatic systems is fish. P. fluorescens
has been associated with disease in fish. The Agency is
not aware of disease occurrences with Pseudononas in aquatic
invertebrates. Because no acceptable fish studies have
been submitted, the Agency cannot complete an aquatic risk
assessment at this time.
Testing on nontarget plants showed that, in rrost cases, the
active ingredient in Dagger tm caused an increase in growth
after germination. The exceptions were cabbage, which
showed a significant decrease in seedling height, and
lettuce, which showed a significant decrease in fresh
weight at the end of four weeks. No phytotoxic effects
were seen in any of the species tested. The data taken as
a whole indicate that Dagger tm should not pose a threat to
nost plants. The Agency does not feel that there will be a
“mey effect” situation for endangered terrestrial wildlife,
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insects or plants through the use of Dagger tm on cotton.
A final determination of “may affect” can be made for
endangered fish when the Agency receives a pathogenicity
study for fish.
Chemical Characteristics
Color: Light tan (MUP)
Charcoal grey (EP)
Physical State:
Aqueous cell suspension (NIUP)
Granular solid (EP)
()ior: Slight musty (MUP)
Earthy—like (EP)
Density/specific
gravity: 1.01 at 20 C (t4UP)
f1: 6.9—7.1
Stability: Stable for 77 days in distilled water ( 6.6)
(rlrJP)
Storage stability: Loses 60—71% of viability within 1
month at 40—50 F and 1000—fold loss within 5 months
Thxicology Characteristics
Acute effects
Acute oral toxicity/pathogenicity (rat):
P. fluorescens was not toxic to, or infective in, or
pathogenic to rats when administered orally in a
single dose at 5 x i08 colony forming units (CPU) per anim3l
Dagger tm G biofungicide is not toxic to, or infective in,
or pathogenic for rats when administered at 2 x
RJ/anioal in a single oral dose.
Acute intravenous toxicity/pati-ogenicity (mouse):
P. fluorescens was not toxic to, or infective in, or
pathogenic for mice when administered at 5 x 106
CR3/animal by the intravenous route.
Acute pulmonary toxicity/pathogenicity(rat):
P. fluorescens was not toxic to, or infective in, or
pathogenic for rats when administered to rats at
1.5 x 108 CR3/animal via the pulmonary route.
Dagger tm G biofungicide was not toxic to, or infective
in, or pathogenic for rats when administered at
5 x 10 7 /animal via the pulmonary route.
Acute dermal toxicity (rabbit):
P. fluorescens was not toxic to rabbits when applied
to the skin at 2.8 x 108 CFU/anirral. The bacterium
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also was not a skin irritant.
Dagger tm G biofungicide was not toxic to rabbits when
applied at the skin at a dose level of 1 gram/animal.
The test substance also was not a skin irritant.
Primary eye irritation (rabbit):
Dagger G biofungicide is a mild eye irritant when
applied to the eye of rabbits at 0.1 g/eye. Irritation
signs observed were slight to n derate redness, and
slight cheriDsis and discharge associated with the
con junctivae.
Hypersensitivity study (guinea pig):
Dagger tm G biofungicide is not a skin sensitizer in
guinea pigs.
Ecological Characteristics
Avian Injection PatFogenicity test (Mallard Duck):
The administration of TGAI PseudorTonas strain 1053
at a dose of 10,000 mg/Kg by intraperitoneal
injection showed no apparent pathogenicity or
effect on the s ±vival of young mallards.
Avian Acute Oral LD 50 Pathogenicity test (Mallard Duck):
The administration of AI—Pseudononas Strain 1053
(Washed) at a dose of 15,000 mg/Kg showed no
pathogenicity or effect on survival of young mallards.
4. Benefits
Dagger G, a dry granular formulation is applied at planting time
for controlling cotton seedling disease.
5. Tolerance Assessment
Pseudononas fluorescens is exempt from the requirement of a
tolerance in or on the raw agricultural comrrodities cottonseed
and cotton forage.
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6. Summery of Major Data Gaps
Data required for conditional registration:
Tine Generally Allowed for
Guideline Nunber Study Response to Data Request
Ecological Effects
154—20 Toxicity/Pathogenicity 9 n nths
to Freshwater Aquatic
Invertebrates
154—19 Freshwater fish testing 9 nonths
121—1 Target Area Phytotoxicity 9 onths
Tests (2) [ The previously
submitted tests mey be
upgraded to core if the
percent active ingredient
is reported and the test
microorganism is confirmed
as the same one registered.]
122—1 Seedling Germination/Vegetative 9 ntnths
Vigor — Tier I. [ The previously
submitted test mey be upgraded to
core if the microorganism under
test is confirmed as the same as
the one registered].
123—1 Seed Germination/Seedling 9 rronths
Emergence -
Contact Person at EPA
Lois A. Rossi
Product Manager (21)
Registration Division (TS—767C)
Ehvironmental Protection Agency
401 M Street SW.
Washington, D.C. 20460
DISCLAIMER: The informetion presented in this Pesticide Fact Sheet
is for infornational purposes only and nay not be used to
fulfill data requirements for pesticide registration and reregistration.
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