United States Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Environmental Protection Office of Pestiade Programs (TS-766C) Agency Washington. DC 20460 v>EPA Pesticide Fact Sheet Name Of Chemical: Chlorinated Isocyanurates Reason for Issuance: Registration Standard Date Issued: March 8, 1988 Fact"Sheet Number: 165 1. Description of Chemicals a. Chemical Name: l,3-Dichloro-s-triazine-2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione. Conmon Names: Dichloro-s-triazinetrione, dichloroisocyanuric acid. Trade Name: ACL 70. EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081401. CAS Registry No: 2782-57-2. Empirical Formula: C3HN3O3C12. b. Chemical Name: 1,3-Dichloro-s-triazine-2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione potassium salt. Common Names: Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione; Potassiun dichloroisocyanurate. Trade Names: ACL 59; P.D.I.C. EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081403. CAS Registry No: 2244-21-5. Empirical Formula: ------- —2— c. Chemical Name: 1,3—Dichloro—s—triazine—2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione sodium salt. Common Names: Sodium dichloro—s—triazinetriorie; Sodium dichloroisocyanurate. Trade Names: ACL 60; CDB 60; CDB 63; S.D.I.C. EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081404. CAS Registry No: 2893—78—9. Empirical Formula: C 3 N 3 O 3 C1 2 Na. d. Chemical Name: l,3,5—trichloro—s—triazine—2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione. Common Names: Trichloro—s—triazinetrione; trichloroisocyanuric acid; trichioroisocyanurate. Trade Names: ACL 90 Plus; CDB 90; T.I.C.A.; TCCA. EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081405. CAS Registry No: 87—90—1. Empirical Formula: C 3 N 3 O Cl 3 . e. Chemical Name: (Mono—(l,3,5—trichloro)tetra (1—potassium 3,5—dichloro)) penta—s—triazinetrione. ConnTcn Name: Perita—s—triazinetriOne. Trade Names: ACIJ 66; DS. EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081406. CAS Registry No: 30622—37—8. Empirical Formula: (C 3 N 3 O Cl 2 K) 4 .C 3 N 3 0 3 CL 3 . f. Chemical Name: l,3—Dichloro—s—triazine—2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione sodium salt dihydrate. Common Names: Sodium dichoro—s—triazinetrione dihydrate; sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate. Trade Names: ACL 56; CDB Clearon; DICO. EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081407. CAS Registry No: 51580—86—0. Empirical Formula: C 3 N 3 0 3 C1 2 N 2 .2H 2 0. ------- —3— g. For ku Six Chemicals: Year of Initial Registration: 1958 Pesticide Type: Disinfectant; sanitizer; algaecide; fungicide Chemical Family: Halogenated triazines U.S. and Foreign Producers: Olin Corooration; Monsanto ComPany; Fallek Chemical Corporation; ICI America, Inc.; lCD Chemicals, Inc.; Nissan Chemical md., Ltd.; Shikoku Chemicals Company; 3—V Chemical Corporation. 2. Use Patterns and Formulations Application Sites: Major use is swimming pools. Minor uses include industrial water cooling systems; oil recovery systems; sewage systems; industrial preservatives; food processing/service industries; laundry sanitizer uses; household areas; mold and mildew; egg sanitizing and poultry drinking water sanitization. Types of Formulations: Solids; aqueous dilutions. Types and Methods of Application: Added as solids to swimming pools or industrial cooling water systems; ueous solutions applied by mopping, scrubbing, flooding, sponging, spraying and immersing to food and non—food contact surfaces. Application Rates: Sanitizer/disinfectant rates range from 47—4784 ppm available chlorine depending on the degree and circumstance of use, i.e., sanitizing, disinfecting, mold and mildew control; precleaned, non—precleaned, corous, non—porous, food contact surfaces. Swimming pools require a final residual level of 1—3 ppm; start up or super chlorination 21.3 ppm; periodic maintenance of 0.2—4.7 ppm. Industrial water cooling systems require an initial dose of 2—600 ppm and subs& uence doses ranging from 0.5—107 ppm. Usual Carriers: Water 3. Science Findinqs There are no significant human toxicological or environmental fate data gaps for the chlorinated isocyanurates. Uncertainty exists in the areas of chronic effects to uatic organisms. Chemical Characteristics: Color: White. Physical State: Crystalline Solid. Odor: Slight odor of chlorine. Melting Point: 225—250° C. ------- —4-- Bulk Density: Powder, 0.50—0.65 g/ml; regular, 0.82—1.0 g/ml; granular, 0.85—0.96 g/ml; extra granular, 0.92—0.95 g/ml. Solubility: Dichloro-s—triazinetrione, 0.8 g/l00 g water at 25°C; potassium dichloro—s—triazinetrione, 9 c /l00 g water at 25°C; sodium dich].oro- striazinetrione, 24.8 g/100 g water at 26.8°C; trichloro—s—triazinetriorie, 1.2 g/100 g water at 25°C; penta— s—triazirietrione, 2% in water at 30°C; sodium dichloro—s— triazinetrione dihydrate, 26.2 g/100 ml water at 25°C. Vapor Pressure: Very small, impossible to measure. Stability: Stable and relatively inert when dry. Unusual Handling Characteristics: Strong oxidizing agents which should be kept away from heat and flames. Toxicology Characteristics: Acute Oral Toxicity: Toxicity category III or IV Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Vaporization and respirable dust are not expected from the registered patterns of use. Primary Eye Irritation: Toxicity category I Primary Skin Irritation: Toxicity category III or IV Problems which are known to have occurred with the use of the chlorinated isocyanurates, i.e., Pesticide Information Monitoring Service: None Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity: Isocyanurate related effects observed in the subchronic studies included hyperplasia of the urinary blader and calculi in male mice and hyperplasia of the lining of the urinary bladder in male rats. In the chronic study in rats, toxicity secondary to formation of calculi in the kidney and urinary bladder was observed in the male rats during the first 12 months of dosing at 5375 ppm. No effects were observed at 2400 ppm. No oncogenic effects were observed in the lifetime studies in mice and rats. The chlorinated isoyanurates do not induce reproductive effects in rats or teratogenic effects in rats or rabbits; they are not mutagenic. The chlorinated isocyanurates have low oral and dermal toxicity and high primary eye irritation toxicity. Physiological and Biochemical Behavioral Characteristics: N/A Environmental Characteristics: Based on the available data, there are no apparant human exposure, groundwater, reentry, or drift issues associated with the registered patterns of use. ------- —5— Ecological tharacteristics: The chlorinated isocyanurates are slightly toxic to birds, but are acutely toxic to fish and invertebrates. The chronic effects from these cheiticals to aquatic organi ns are not fully known, however. Based on the registered patterns of use, no exposure to nontarget insect species or endangered species is expected. lt,lerance Psses nt: Uses of the chlorinated isocyanurates in food/feed handling establishnents as sanitizing solutions on food processing equi ment and utensils, and on other food contact articles are regulated b ’ the Food and Drug Pdministration according to 21 CFR 178.1010(b) (2) and (c)(2). The provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosnetic ct ( ction 402) require the establishnent of or an ex nption fran a tolerance for the use of chlorinated isocyanurate formi.ilations as poultry drinking water sanitizers. Pgricultural uses of the chlorinated isocyanurates for the cannercial treathient of eggs for hunan consunption are regulated under the United States Department of Pgriculture (USDA) egg grading and egg products inspection prograns. USDA requires that to be accepted under these programs, all formulations must be in canpliance with 21 CFR 178.1010 as sanitizing solutions for food contact surfaces. 4. &mnary of r gulatory Position and tionale The chlorinated isocyanurates are not being placed into ecial F view. Available data indicate that the chlorinated isocyanurates do not pose a risk of serious acute injury to humans, avian species and aquatic organians. Except for the nechanical danage resulting fran calculi in the urinary bladder of male mice and rats dosed with saturated solutions of sodium isocyanurate in the drinking water, these chemicals produce no chronic toxicity effects. The P ency has determined that the present precautionary stat nents for persons handling or applying the chlorinated isocyanurates are sufficient for the labels for manufacturing—use products. Currently registered manufacturing—use labels contain the signal rd “Danger” and the associated precautionary labeling statanents required for products with Category I acute eye irritation effects. The P ency will not require nontarget insect stxlies because no honey bee exposure is expected f ran the registered patterns of use. The PQencj will not impose a special label advisory statanent for endangered species at this tine because the chlorine released fran the chlorinated isocyanurates is so volatile there is little liklihood of exposure based on the registered patterns of use or f ran accidental spills. ------- —6— Because the Agency has data in its files which adequately demonstrates the efficacy of hypochlorcxis acid, no additional microbiological efficacy data will be required for manufacturing—use products which are to be reformulated into antiinicrobials. The Agency is requiring the establishn nt of or exemption fran a tolerance for the use of chlorinated isocyanurate formulations as poultry drinking water sanitizers and as egg sanitizers. While data gaps are being filled, currently registered manufacturing-use products containing chlorinated isocyanurate may be sold, distrib.ited, formulated, and used, subject to the requiren nts of the chlorinated isocyanurate registration standard. The Agency does not normally cancel or withhold registration for previously registered use patterns simply because data are missing or inadequate. Data required under that standard will be reviewed and evaluated, after which the Agency will determine if additional regulatory changes are necessary. Unique Warning Staten nts: None 5. Stxmiary of Data Gaps Wildlife and Aquatic Organi ns: Actual Field Testing — Aquatic Organi ns: Due May 1990 Protocol: Due September 1988 6 • Contact Person at EPA Walter C. Francis, PM Team (32) Disinfectants Branch Registration Division (TS—767C) 401 M. Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20460 T 1ephone: (703) 557—3964 DISCLAIMER: The information present in this Chemical Information Fact Sheet is for informational purposes only and may not be used to fulfill data requirements for pesticide registration and reregistration. ------- |