United States Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Office of Pestiade Programs (TS-766C)
Agency Washington. DC 20460
v>EPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name Of Chemical: Chlorinated Isocyanurates
Reason for Issuance: Registration Standard
Date Issued: March 8, 1988
Fact"Sheet Number: 165
1. Description of Chemicals
a. Chemical Name: l,3-Dichloro-s-triazine-2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione.
Conmon Names: Dichloro-s-triazinetrione, dichloroisocyanuric
acid.
Trade Name: ACL 70.
EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081401.
CAS Registry No: 2782-57-2.
Empirical Formula: C3HN3O3C12.
b. Chemical Name: 1,3-Dichloro-s-triazine-2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione
potassium salt.
Common Names: Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione; Potassiun
dichloroisocyanurate.
Trade Names: ACL 59; P.D.I.C.
EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081403.
CAS Registry No: 2244-21-5.
Empirical Formula:
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c. Chemical Name: 1,3—Dichloro—s—triazine—2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione
sodium salt.
Common Names: Sodium dichloro—s—triazinetriorie; Sodium
dichloroisocyanurate.
Trade Names: ACL 60; CDB 60; CDB 63; S.D.I.C.
EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081404.
CAS Registry No: 2893—78—9.
Empirical Formula: C 3 N 3 O 3 C1 2 Na.
d. Chemical Name: l,3,5—trichloro—s—triazine—2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H)
trione.
Common Names: Trichloro—s—triazinetrione; trichloroisocyanuric
acid; trichioroisocyanurate.
Trade Names: ACL 90 Plus; CDB 90; T.I.C.A.; TCCA.
EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081405.
CAS Registry No: 87—90—1.
Empirical Formula: C 3 N 3 O Cl 3 .
e. Chemical Name: (Mono—(l,3,5—trichloro)tetra
(1—potassium 3,5—dichloro)) penta—s—triazinetrione.
ConnTcn Name: Perita—s—triazinetriOne.
Trade Names: ACIJ 66; DS.
EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081406.
CAS Registry No: 30622—37—8.
Empirical Formula: (C 3 N 3 O Cl 2 K) 4 .C 3 N 3 0 3 CL 3 .
f. Chemical Name: l,3—Dichloro—s—triazine—2,4,6 (1H,3H,5H) trione
sodium salt dihydrate.
Common Names: Sodium dichoro—s—triazinetrione dihydrate; sodium
dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate.
Trade Names: ACL 56; CDB Clearon; DICO.
EPA/OPP Pesticide Chemical Code: 081407.
CAS Registry No: 51580—86—0.
Empirical Formula: C 3 N 3 0 3 C1 2 N 2 .2H 2 0.
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g. For ku Six Chemicals:
Year of Initial Registration: 1958
Pesticide Type: Disinfectant; sanitizer; algaecide; fungicide
Chemical Family: Halogenated triazines
U.S. and Foreign Producers: Olin Corooration; Monsanto ComPany;
Fallek Chemical Corporation; ICI America, Inc.; lCD Chemicals,
Inc.; Nissan Chemical md., Ltd.; Shikoku Chemicals Company;
3—V Chemical Corporation.
2. Use Patterns and Formulations
Application Sites: Major use is swimming pools. Minor uses include
industrial water cooling systems; oil recovery systems; sewage
systems; industrial preservatives; food processing/service
industries; laundry sanitizer uses; household areas; mold and
mildew; egg sanitizing and poultry drinking water sanitization.
Types of Formulations: Solids; aqueous dilutions.
Types and Methods of Application: Added as solids to swimming pools
or industrial cooling water systems; ueous solutions applied by
mopping, scrubbing, flooding, sponging, spraying and immersing to
food and non—food contact surfaces.
Application Rates: Sanitizer/disinfectant rates range from 47—4784
ppm available chlorine depending on the degree and circumstance of
use, i.e., sanitizing, disinfecting, mold and mildew control;
precleaned, non—precleaned, corous, non—porous, food contact
surfaces. Swimming pools require a final residual level of 1—3 ppm;
start up or super chlorination 21.3 ppm; periodic maintenance of
0.2—4.7 ppm. Industrial water cooling systems require an initial
dose of 2—600 ppm and subs& uence doses ranging from 0.5—107 ppm.
Usual Carriers: Water
3. Science Findinqs
There are no significant human toxicological or environmental fate
data gaps for the chlorinated isocyanurates. Uncertainty exists in
the areas of chronic effects to uatic organisms.
Chemical Characteristics:
Color: White.
Physical State: Crystalline Solid.
Odor: Slight odor of chlorine.
Melting Point: 225—250° C.
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Bulk Density: Powder, 0.50—0.65 g/ml; regular, 0.82—1.0 g/ml;
granular, 0.85—0.96 g/ml; extra granular, 0.92—0.95 g/ml.
Solubility: Dichloro-s—triazinetrione, 0.8 g/l00 g water at 25°C;
potassium dichloro—s—triazinetrione, 9 c /l00 g water at 25°C;
sodium dich].oro- striazinetrione, 24.8 g/100 g water at 26.8°C;
trichloro—s—triazinetriorie, 1.2 g/100 g water at 25°C; penta—
s—triazirietrione, 2% in water at 30°C; sodium dichloro—s—
triazinetrione dihydrate, 26.2 g/100 ml water at 25°C.
Vapor Pressure: Very small, impossible to measure.
Stability: Stable and relatively inert when dry.
Unusual Handling Characteristics: Strong oxidizing agents which
should be kept away from heat and flames.
Toxicology Characteristics:
Acute Oral Toxicity: Toxicity category III or IV
Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Vaporization and respirable dust are
not expected from the registered patterns of use.
Primary Eye Irritation: Toxicity category I
Primary Skin Irritation: Toxicity category III or IV
Problems which are known to have occurred with the use of the
chlorinated isocyanurates, i.e., Pesticide Information Monitoring
Service: None
Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity:
Isocyanurate related effects observed in the subchronic studies
included hyperplasia of the urinary blader and calculi in male
mice and hyperplasia of the lining of the urinary bladder in
male rats. In the chronic study in rats, toxicity secondary to
formation of calculi in the kidney and urinary bladder was
observed in the male rats during the first 12 months of dosing
at 5375 ppm. No effects were observed at 2400 ppm. No oncogenic
effects were observed in the lifetime studies in mice and rats.
The chlorinated isoyanurates do not induce reproductive effects
in rats or teratogenic effects in rats or rabbits; they are not
mutagenic. The chlorinated isocyanurates have low oral and dermal
toxicity and high primary eye irritation toxicity.
Physiological and Biochemical Behavioral Characteristics: N/A
Environmental Characteristics:
Based on the available data, there are no apparant human exposure,
groundwater, reentry, or drift issues associated with the
registered patterns of use.
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Ecological tharacteristics:
The chlorinated isocyanurates are slightly toxic to birds, but are
acutely toxic to fish and invertebrates. The chronic effects from
these cheiticals to aquatic organi ns are not fully known, however.
Based on the registered patterns of use, no exposure to nontarget
insect species or endangered species is expected.
lt,lerance Psses nt:
Uses of the chlorinated isocyanurates in food/feed handling
establishnents as sanitizing solutions on food processing
equi ment and utensils, and on other food contact articles are
regulated b ’ the Food and Drug Pdministration according to
21 CFR 178.1010(b) (2) and (c)(2).
The provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosnetic ct
( ction 402) require the establishnent of or an ex nption
fran a tolerance for the use of chlorinated isocyanurate
formi.ilations as poultry drinking water sanitizers.
Pgricultural uses of the chlorinated isocyanurates for the
cannercial treathient of eggs for hunan consunption are regulated
under the United States Department of Pgriculture (USDA) egg
grading and egg products inspection prograns. USDA requires that
to be accepted under these programs, all formulations must be in
canpliance with 21 CFR 178.1010 as sanitizing solutions for food
contact surfaces.
4. &mnary of r gulatory Position and tionale
The chlorinated isocyanurates are not being placed into ecial
F view. Available data indicate that the chlorinated isocyanurates
do not pose a risk of serious acute injury to humans, avian species
and aquatic organians. Except for the nechanical danage resulting
fran calculi in the urinary bladder of male mice and rats dosed with
saturated solutions of sodium isocyanurate in the drinking water,
these chemicals produce no chronic toxicity effects.
The P ency has determined that the present precautionary stat nents
for persons handling or applying the chlorinated isocyanurates are
sufficient for the labels for manufacturing—use products. Currently
registered manufacturing—use labels contain the signal rd “Danger”
and the associated precautionary labeling statanents required for
products with Category I acute eye irritation effects.
The P ency will not require nontarget insect stxlies because no
honey bee exposure is expected f ran the registered patterns of use.
The PQencj will not impose a special label advisory statanent for
endangered species at this tine because the chlorine released fran
the chlorinated isocyanurates is so volatile there is little
liklihood of exposure based on the registered patterns of use or
f ran accidental spills.
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Because the Agency has data in its files which adequately
demonstrates the efficacy of hypochlorcxis acid, no additional
microbiological efficacy data will be required for manufacturing—use
products which are to be reformulated into antiinicrobials.
The Agency is requiring the establishn nt of or exemption fran a
tolerance for the use of chlorinated isocyanurate formulations
as poultry drinking water sanitizers and as egg sanitizers.
While data gaps are being filled, currently registered
manufacturing-use products containing chlorinated isocyanurate may
be sold, distrib.ited, formulated, and used, subject to the
requiren nts of the chlorinated isocyanurate registration standard.
The Agency does not normally cancel or withhold registration for
previously registered use patterns simply because data are missing
or inadequate. Data required under that standard will be reviewed
and evaluated, after which the Agency will determine if additional
regulatory changes are necessary.
Unique Warning Staten nts: None
5. Stxmiary of Data Gaps
Wildlife and Aquatic Organi ns:
Actual Field Testing — Aquatic Organi ns: Due May 1990
Protocol: Due September 1988
6 • Contact Person at EPA
Walter C. Francis, PM Team (32)
Disinfectants Branch
Registration Division (TS—767C)
401 M. Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
T 1ephone: (703) 557—3964
DISCLAIMER: The information present in this Chemical Information Fact
Sheet is for informational purposes only and may not be used to fulfill
data requirements for pesticide registration and reregistration.
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