United State* Office of Pe*tictd« and Toxic SuteUncai
Environmental Protection Office of Pettiade Program* (TS-766CI
Agency Washington. DC 20460
v°/EPA Pesticide
Fact Sheet
Name of Chemical: CYANAZINE
Reason for Issuance:
Date Issued:
31 1984
Fact Sheet Number: 41
1. Description of chemical;
Generic Name: cyanazine
Common name: cvanazine (WSSA, BSI, ISO); SD 15418 and WL 19805 (code numbers)
Trade name: BLADEX® 80 WP or 80W, BLADEX® 4-WDS or 4L, BLADEX® 15G
EPA Shaughnessy Code: 100101
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number: 21725-46-2
Year of Initial Registration: 1971
Pesticide Type: Herbicide
Chemical family: Triazine
U.S. and Foreign Producers: Shell Chemicals (U.S.A.)
2. Use patterns and formulations;
Application sites: To control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in corn, grain
sorghum, cotton, and wheat fallow. Application for soybean
use is pending.
Types of formulations: Wettable powder, flowable suspension, granular form.
Types and Methods of Application: Aerial and ground sprays, aoolication through
irrigation systems.
Application Rates:
Ibs active inaredient
Crop Application Timing (ai) per acre
Corn Preemergence 1.25-4.75
Postemergence 1.2-2.0
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Usual carriers: Water or lic uid fertilizers for pre erqent use on corn. Water
only on poste!w rqence treatments, qrain sorghum and cotton.
3. Science Findings :
Surtinary science stat nent: Cyanazine has been found in qroundwater. It has
potential to create teratogenic effects; this potential is being evaluated
in the Special Review process. Acute toxicity ratings are generally low.
th nica1 characteristics:
crystalline
ite
none
not available
of 5, 7, and 9 for >30 days
and at 75° for 100 hours
160 p Benzene (20°C) —
<10% Ethanol (20°C) —
<10% Oiloroforrn —
Unusual handling characteristics: 1 ne reported
Toxicological characteristics:
Acute Effects:
Acute Oral W5(J — 334 mg/kg (male rats), 156 mg/kg (f ale rats) (Category II)
Acute Dermal LD — >2000 n /ka (rabbits) (Category III)
Acute Inhalation ‘I xicity — LC 50 >2.28 mg/kg (Category III)
Primary Eye Irritation — Mild eye irritation (Category II)
Physical state:
Color:
03or:
Va r pressure: 1.6 x TITfl 1-la at 20°C
Melting point: 166.5 — 167° C
Flammability: non-flammable
Octanol/water partition coefficient:
Stability: Stable at pH values
Stable in sunlight,
Water (23°C) —
Xyiene —
thlorobenzene -
Methylcyclohexanone — 21.0%
Soluhility:
1.5%
4.5%
21.0%
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Cotton Preemergence 0.5-1.3
Early ostemergence directed 0.6-1.0
Postemergence layby 0.A-1.
Grain Sorghun Preemergence
Tank mixed with propachior 1.0-1.6
Tank mixed with oropazine 0.8-1.2
Maior Routes of E cnosure: Derma 1 , inhalatic,n
Chronic Effects:
icogenicity — Results inconclusive.
‘T ratoloqy - F—344 Rats: Increased incidence of anc htha1mia and
micropJithalmia at 25 mg/kg/day, !IJEL = 10 mg/kg/day.
Increased incidence of diaphraqmatic hernia in all
treated groups. !bkre data are required to ascertain the
nature of this effect.
Spraaue-Dawlev rats: Sliqht decrease in maternal body
weight at 30 mg/ka/day. ?. )EL = 3 mq/kg/day
Rabbits: Maternal toxicity and fetotoxicity at 2 mq/kq/day.
NOEL. = I ma/kq/day
Mutaq nicity — data gap
Inui unotoxicity - data gap
Physio].oqical and Biochemical Behavioral C iaracteristics:
Translocat ion: % en arpi ied to soil, cyanazine is absorbed by the roots and
translocated to the leaves.
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Enviroruriental O aracteristics:
Absorption and leaching characteristics: Cyanazine is reversibly adsorbed
to soil particles. The deqree of adsorption varies with
soil texture, water content, and organic matter content.
Leach jnq rate into the soil was measured on a sandy loam
soil and found to be comparable to that of atrazine.
Microbial breakdown: Cyanazine is degraded in the soil primarily by microbes.
Loss from photodegradation and/or volatilization Under field conditions
there is only a minimal loss of cyanazine by either hotxlecom—
position or volatilization.
Resultant av raae persistance: Half-life about 2 weeks under conditions
favorable for plant growth.
Half-life in Water: Unknown.
Ecological characteristics:
Hazards to Birds: Data are incomplete. Preliminary data show low toxicity,
suggesting minimal hazards.
Hazards to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates: Data are incomplete. Preliminary
data show low toxicity, suggesting minimal hazards.
Potential Problems with Endanaered Soecies: F’ hazards indicated.
‘p lerance asses ent:
List of croos and tolerances: (CFR 1RO.307)
( DM DITf (PPM)
Corn, fodder 0.2
Corn, forage 0.2
Corn, fresh (Inc. sweet)(K+CWHB) 0.05
Corn, grain 0.05
Cotton, seed 0.05
Sorghum, forage 0.05
Sorghum, fodder 0.05
Sorghum, grain 0.05
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Wheat, forage, green 0.]
Wheat, qrain 0.1
Wheat, straw 0.1
List of focx3 contact uses: Corn, cotton (oil), sorghum, wheat.
Results of tolerance assessiient: ND DI can be set at this tiii ie
4. Sumary of Regulatory Position and Rationale :
Use Classification: Reclassified (by the Reqistration Standard) as
a Restricted Use chenical because of teratoqenic effects, and because
it is found in groundwater.
Use, Formulation or Geographic Restrictions: Manufacturing—use products
maj only be formulated into end-use products intended for use as an
herbicide on corn, cotton, sorghum, or fallow land, or winter wheat.
Unique Label Warning Stat nents:
a) Use Classification Stat nents :
Labels of all formulated products must bear the following state nents:
“RESThICTED USE PESTICIDE: Because cyanazine can leach into groundwater, and
has produced birth defects in laboratory animals, this product may be applied
only by certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision.”; and
“Cyanazine is a pesticide which can travel (seep or leach) through soil and can
contaminate groundwater which may be used as drinking water. Cyanazine has been
found in groundwater as a result of agricultural use. Users are advised not
to apply cyanazine where the water table (ground water) Is close to the
surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e. well drained soils
such ..ts loamy sands. Your local agricultural agencies can provide further
information on the type of soil in your area and the location of ground water.”
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b) Precautionary Statements
Labels of manufacturinq-use products and end—use products (FOPs) must bear
the statements:
a. Hazards to Humans Statements
“WARNI : May be fatal if swall d. Harmful if inhaled or absorbed
through the skin. Causes substantial but temPorary eve iniury.
Avoid breathing dust (vapor or spray mist). Avoid contact with skin,
eyes or clothinq. Do not aet in eyes or on ciothina. Wear a face
shield. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handlinq and before
eat inq or noking. Remove contaminated cloth j q and wash before
reuse.”; and
“Use of this product may be hazardous to your family’s health. This
product has been detc rmined to cause birth defects in laboratory anui als.
Exposure of nen of chi]d—bearinq age to cyanazine should be avoided.”
C) Statements of Practical Trea ent
“ If on skin : Wash with plenty of soap and water. Get medical attention.
“ If in eyes : Flush with olenty of water. Call a physician.”
“ If swall ed : Call a physician or Poison Control Center. Drink 1 or 2
glasses of water and induce vcmitina by touching back of throat with finger.
Do not induce vcrnitinci or give anythino by mouth to an unconscious person.”
8) Environmental Hazard Statement
The followinq specific statements must appear on the labels of all
manufacturing use products:
“Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams,
ponds, estuaries, oceans, or public waters unless this product is
specifically identified and addressed in a NPDES permit. Do not
discharge effluent containing this product to se r systems without
previously notifying the sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance
contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA.”
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The 1abel rf VtJPs intended for outrloor use must hear one of the followina
statements, depending on the formulation of the product:
Granular products must bear the statement:
“Do not apply directly to water or wetlands. In case of spills, collect
for use or properly dispose of the qranules. Do not contaminate water
by cleanina of equiment or disposal of wastes.”
? n—granular products must bear the statement:
“Do not apply directly to water or wetlands. Do not contaminate water by
cleaning of equipr ent or disposal of wastes.”
The label of all products (except those, if any, intended solely for household
use) must bear the appropriate container disposal statement, as wil]
be given in ppendix 1V—5 of the guidance package.
The reauired statements listed in this standard must apoear on the labels
of all MUPS and EUPS released for shipi ent after June 30, 1985. After
review of data to be suF itted under this standard, the Aqency may
impose additional label requirements.
Sumary of risk/benefit analvsis Cyanazine produces teratoqenic effects in
laboratory animals. posure to the public throuqh the dietary route is
not sufficiently large to exceed the risk criterion in 40 CF’R 162.11.
Marq].ns of safety are adequate for that route. However, the dermal
exposure rates of mixer/loaders and applicators are ccinparable to levels
at which effects occur in experimental animals. This triaaers the risk
criterion in 40 CFR 162.11, sending cyanazine into the Special Review
Process. The benefits of cyanazine are primarily fran its effectiveness
as an herbicide on corn, which accounts for 96% of total use. Available
alternatives to cyanazine do not have as broad a spectrum of weed control.
The most widely used alternative is atrazine, which may have more persistent
residues and leaches through the ground at the same rate as cyanazine.
cotton (3% total use) the alternatives again do not provide as broad a
spectrum of weed control.
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SinTmary of ma- or data caps
Dates ien maior data gaps ar due to be filled.
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
six months
18 months
six months
six months
four years
four years
one year
20 months
20 months
1/
1/
1/
1,2/
1,2/
1/
1/
1/
1,2/
1,2/
1,2/
1,2/ -
1,2/
2,3,4 /
4/
Due date (after publicatic
of the Standard)
Data Requested
Statement of Canposition
Discussion of formation of unintentional ingredients
Preliminary analysis of samples
Certification of limits
Analytical methods and data for enforcement of limits
Density, Bulk Density, or specific Gravity
Dissociation Constant
Octanol/water partition coefficient
Oxidizinq/Reducing Action
Flaii ability
F xp1odabil ity
Storage Stability
Livestock residues
Plant residues
Animal residues
Storaqe stability data
Macnitir3e of the residue for each food use
Hydrolysis
Photodegradation (water, soil)
MetabDli studies in lab
Mobility studies — leaching and absorption/desorption
Dissipation studies in field
Mon itorina of surface and groundwater
Primary eye irritation
Primary dermal sensitization
go—day feeding (rodent, non-rodent)
Oncogenicity
‘teratogenicity
Reproduction (2-generation)
thranosanal aberration
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Data Requested Data Due (After .iblicatio
of the Starx ard)
Other qenotoxic effects 20 months
Avian dietary toxicity six months
Acute toxicity to freshwater invertebrates six months
1/ Data are required on the technical material
2/ Data are required on the 94% technical, which is used as a manufacturinq
use product, and the 28.2% flowable intennediate
3/ Data are required on all ttable pc Jer formuiations
4/ Data are required on all liquid formulations
6. Contact person at EPA : bert Taylor, U.S. Enviror nental Protection Agency,
‘1 —767—C, 401 M Street .J, Washinqton, rx 20460
(703) 557—1650
DISCLAIMER: The information presented in this Qiemical Information Fact Sheet
is for informational purp ses only and may not be used to fulfill data
requirements for pesticide reqistratiori and rereqistratiori.
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