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IiG 5ta:e Ei’ : r—e va ec:.cn genc, I r
Wasr ig ov CC 2Ca60 I
OSWER Directive Initiation Request
9347.2-al
I
- 2 Or f,,itor Information
f C..itact v1on Ma, C oe Cifice Tee n ne Ccce
‘ Steve Colian OS-220 SCD
)— .
- Lard Disposal Restrictions as Relevant and Appropriate Requirements for CERCL.A
Contanunated Soil & Debris
a. : e —::e— -e’ ;Ee’—ert O
tran nics OS ER policy on relevance and appropriateness of the LandDlsDosal
R.Estricttons (LDRs) toCERCL Responses involving Contarlunated soil & Debris.
. ::s
:a .:es —— S .e 3 .cersece e ICus ec: .eis’
Yes Wr ac Irect ve ir umoer tit ei
S ce—ient evuc ..s Irectjve ,s ’ —
No XJ Yes WPia eirecrr e (nurnDe lIVe)
93 / - L€d-
r l e’ ei
— Sc-e by AXC A B -. Signeo y Cifice Cirector L_J C - For Review & Comment - in
[ 8. Document to be distributed to States by Headquarters? No 1 —
This aauest M.s
OSWER OIr.ctives Systim Format Stari ar s.
içaV..’e t Leac Crce OtCCiP e3 C cr inaor
Date
Betti O R
—
Documents Coordinator 6/5/89
• 3 ‘.ame arc 7 c e ci ccrovir1g Ctficiai
Cate
I

F rtyy
LI. Director O .R 6/5/89
PA Form 1315—17
OSWER OSWE
VE DIRECTIVE
R Os
DIRECTIVE
WER
DIRECTIVE

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- ;. I
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENT i. PROTECTION AGENCy
WA SHINGTON 0 C 20460
-
2 — .2 ‘i .: : :
OSWER Directive No 9347.2— 1
E MO RAND U
S 3J CT:
FROM:
TO:
Land Disposal Restrictions as ReLevaL- arid Approor:are
Requirements for C RCLA contaminated Soil nd Deo .s
Henry L. Longest ii, Director
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
Bruce M. Diamond, Directo
Office of Waste Programs En(orcement
Directors, Waste Management Division
Regions I, IV, V 1 vii, VIII
Director, Emergency and Remedial Response Division
Region II
Directors, Hazardous Waste Management Division
Regions i ii, v i
Director, Toxic and Waste Management Division
Region IX
Director, Hazardous Waste Division
Region X
PURPOSE
To transmit OSWER policy on the relevance and appropriateness
of the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs) to CERCLA responses
involving cocta 2nated soi.l and debris.
BACKGROU
As clarified in OSWER Directive 9347.1—02 (see attachment)
the LDRS are applicable to CERCLA responses only when such actions
constitute placement of a restricted RCRA waste. Therefore, if no
restricted RCRA wastes are identified in a Superfund waste that is
being placed, the LDRs would not be applicable. Site—specific
questions have arisen, nowever, as to the relevance and

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—2—
appropriatsfles5 of the LDRs to soil. debris that do not contain
RCRA restricted wastes. in particular, Region Ii (having
determined that the contaminated soiL and deoris to be treated and
“placed” at the 93rd Street site did not contain RCRA hazardous
wastes) sought consultation with Headquarters on whether E..DRs
should be considered relevant and appropriate given that the
Agency is in toe process of developing treatment standards for soil
and debris wastes separate from toe treatment standards developed
for industrial process wastes.
OSWER POLICY
OSWER has coricl :ded that until a rulemaking is completed that
establishes treatrner. standards for soil and debris, the LDRs
;enera.L.Ly should not be considered as relevant and appropriate for
soil or debris that does not contain restricted RCRA wastes. The
following language should be incorporated into feasibility study
ARAR discussions, proposed plans, and the “Compliance with ARARs”
section of future RODS for situations similar to the above example:
The Agency is undertaking a rulemaking that will
specifically apply to soil and debris. Since that
rulemaking is not yet complete, EPA does not consider LDR
to be relevant and appropriate at this site to soil and
debris that does not contain RCRA restricted wastes.
Should you have any questions regarding this policy, please
contact your Regional Coordinators in the Hazardous Site Control
Divisioi, the CERCLA Enforcement Division, or Steve Golian (FTS
475—9750) in the Site Policy and Guidance Branch.
Attachment
cc: Sylvia Lowrance, OSW

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UNITED STA. 5 ENVIRONr 1ENT L PROT CN
j w 4SHINGTON 0 C 20460
.1
‘.a.
PR I I
: R :eC . e 247.
1cw
s - :zc:: ?ol :y for Super no Ccnpi ance the RC A ano D sposal
Restr.cor
/
JOflathátL .
Ae: ng As3 .staflt Ad irL2.stra:or
/
Re :onal Adnin strators, P e ons —C
Th transrr .t : e S oerfund poi .cy for cc pLytr g ath the RCRA land
o .spcsai str:c:.ons (L Rs) at Superf’ d si.tes.
Rac1z oam
C CA sec:.on L2L(d) requires on—s .:e .Su erfunc remectal ac::cr.s :
oon;Ly itr . Feoe:al, ana more r.nger.: State? env: er.tal req are’en:s :a:
are deter .ne : be appL cable or relevant and approor .ata requranenz3
.ARs. ec:ion also .denti es s .x .aivers: ) er: re”ecy;
:eacer :s to uman ealoh and tne env::or eno; 3 :ec .cal
::ao: :ao .l :y; ) equ ialen: stanaar of per± r ar.oa 5) consent
a 2oat.on of State stanoarn; and ) iuna—baianctng.
i: rega: Z0 Suoerfund removal aco ons, the current NC? requ:res on—s :e
:e ovaL act cns to comply wLth Federal J Rs to tne extent 2rac: caDle,
oonsLcertng the extgenc.es of the s .tuat .on. The preamoi.e to the ?r000sec C?
cor.ta .ns guidance on h.ow to determine .ne:her ccmpl artce ..s “2:ac::caDLe ”
On—site removal and remed .al actions nust cor ply with substanti /e asoec:3
of both applicable and relevant and appropriate requirements. Offstte re’oval
and remedial actions must comely with both suostant: /e and aan Stra /e
aspects of applicable requires ents only.
The R P.A land disposal rescr:c: ons are a potent.al XL for Superf t
ac:.or s. As you nay know, O!? is de’ielopuig a guidance doct ent to 3SS . 5Z C
Reg:ons .n complying with the LDRs. Althougn several issues must be resoLvec

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•j .• jieance a sswe . this oe orancu will sur ari-e one of the rajcr
j 3UI5 thae has been cec:dec, anelj, r ow to cete ne the L RS are
appLiC*bLe” a Superfund resoonse ac: .on. This pol .c will be discussed
grelter detail in zne guidance docunerit..
Qb.L ctiV
En oreer o assiSt RegionaL re ioval and re ed al staff in raking curreri
site dec sion3 aocu: the LDRs 1 this eno:anau will explain; 1) how to
de rnine ..nen the L Rs are ‘appL:cable ’ to a Superfund :aa ovaL or rarr.edia
action, and 2) tte Superfunc approacn for conplyirg with the L Rs when t ey re
deternixied tO be applicable. (This eesorartdu does not aadress how to naxe
relevant and apprcpr:ace” deter .ir.ations.)
t e tation
Sec::on A below explains how s te nanagers (OSCs, P PMs) sr.culd deter-ire
. riether the Rs are “appL cable” to a Superfuna response ac: on. Sec:isn 3
explains how Superfunc incenes to cornpLy with the L Rs wean they are
eetern ned to be applicable.
A. Application of the LDR .s to CLA response actions
:o decer ee .f the L s are appl cable to a given response action at a
Superfund site, zne site nsnager rust answer three questions. The answer to
eacr. quast on roust be nyeshI for the L Rs to be applicable.
oes the C C .A potion constitute “clacener.:” ’
The Rs are :::ggered as appl.cabla requirernents by placeren:” of
restricted RC hazareous wastes in Lanc— asec urn.zs. lace ent occurs -nen
asces are lane cisposee (or placec) :n lano—oased RC .A units, such as
lancfi s, surface tz poundzencs, waste piles, and land treatrent fac li:tas.
Place er.t does not occur if —astes are roved within a unit or are left in place
(e.g., capping, in—s tu treatment, consoLtdat on within a unit). Place tier:
coes occur ‘ nen wastes are noved froro one unit and placed in another unit. For
example, if wastes from a C C site are dtsposed at an off—site lancfi .l.
this ac: on conzt tutes placerent.
owever, the concept of a RCB.A unit ray be Less useful for uncor.trclled
hazardous waste sites, uhice often involve widespread and dispersed
contajos.natjon. Therefore, to assist in defining when placement occurs for ow
site dispo3al at Superfund sites 1 the Agency has developed tne concept of an
Several LDR requtrements (the storage rast::cttoe s. diluc:on pronibi:io
and ff—si:e r.ocafica:ion requirements. ri oarticul r) are triggerec wee’.
restr:cted wastes are generated. or c ’ up, rather tear nert the waSCeS
are “placec. ” owe’zer, tee a or LJR rescrtc:aons discussed in the
remair.cer of this —emoraneuzn are :: ggerec only :f -asces are “; aced.”

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—3—
‘rarla Or con a na ion” ‘ UL). A AOC .s cej.: ea:eo y : e extent of
on nuoua contamination. ai cu n one ACC av :onta r. va v g :-pes and
of eontamina on. :or exar;Le. tte
ontamir%ated soi.i. is one AOC anc aybe v e ,,ec as a s:r.gia “. n.:.” e g. • a
single landfill. For :ne purposes o: .e Rs : erefOz-e. OCs are equiva n
to RC? ..A units.
.ovement of -taste —ithin the AX does not cons pLac en:, ou
ove en of aste out of tne AOC into another :t ill trigger plac ent.
?lacer.ent ould occur if ‘wastes fran different ;OC.j are ConsoLicated into one
ACC or ..f -asces are removed and treatea outs ce :. e A0C ar ret eo to the
same or a different AOC. Placenent ouLd also Qcc r if -asces are excavate.n
fron the AOC, placed :n an Lnc:nerator or tarts locatea tne AQC, nc then
:eaeposi:ed into the AOC, because the :nc erazor ano :ari. are ccr,s ereo
separate units froo the ACC.
. :s the C C waste also a RCR hazarzot s asze ’
The L R are appl cab1e only to CRA haza dou uastes (i.e., listed and
cnaracter:st.c wastes dertt .fiec unoer §2 L). Mowever, not all ‘-‘astes at
Suoerfunc sites are RCR.A hazarcous _‘astes. :h2refore, the s::e anager .ust
decide :f i s easonao1y ascer:alnaole with:n the scope of the Superfund
site :nvest gat.on that the C c aste s also a CP hazardous aste.
Reasonacle efforts nust be usea to collect the infor at-on neeoec to dete ine
if a waste is a RC .A listed or charac:er:sc.c waste. (Zt s expected that
current data collect:on efforts at Superf’und sites should be suff:c ent for
t tis purpose.) The site manager should have affi at ve evidence (e.g..
‘ar.ifestz, recorc , knowleoge of process) to der onsc:ace that the Superf ..—.c
asze s a RC hazar ous waste for the LDRs to be poten::aily appL aole.
o ce:e- ne ne:ner a CERC ¶-aste :5 a ?. ‘ A ca c: : as-e site
.ar.ager5 ay test :ne —aste or use t’.ei: knawleoge of :ne ::c3er::e$ of t e
as:e. :o deter ne :f a waste :s a waste, sanol:r.g alone will not be
suff c:ent. The RCR A l .st g desc::pz:ons will generally recuire tna: me site
ar.ager tave knowledge about the source of t .e -aste (for exam 1e. o d tne
slucge on site result from a ‘-astewater :reac ent operation?) or :zs prmor use
(e.g... was tne waste unused wnen :t -as d:scarced’).
If the site rnanager deter nes that the site waste :s a RC1 r.a:ardous
-aste, he/she r us also deterr ine if that waste s a “Callfornia List” asme.
The Califo a list wastes are a disc ncz category of RCL nazardous -‘astas
regia.La e under the LDRs. The L R reg’.ilat ons descr be tne Cal fort:a L:sc
asmes and they will be discussea :n tne for:hcon:ng gt idan:e docunent.
L ts the RCRA waste restr:o: ‘ .tcer the . at :. e mine of Lace—e
The land disposal restr:ct ons are being pnasec in for the RCL hazardous
—astes over a per:od of tmoe. Attachnen- : p esenms the R statutory
deaclines estaoL shed by sect:on 3004 of the 1984 RC a e c—ents.
-aste becc es a restr:ctec -aste uncer t e LDR on ::s s:at -_ory ce ch :’e. or
e r: :er :f EPA cnooses to pronulgaca ::eat—cnt star.car:s for a waste pr:o: to
:h:s deacl:ne. note :nac after av C?A a:ar:cus —astes tnat -era

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;)4;.. _—.):
.ILs ed or character.st .c a of :- .9 86 RC A a . renc-enzs, res:r:z:ec
the L Rs.
to decex- n2.ne .! e - ?.S are a l .cao .e. s e anagers sr.ouLc deter : e &
the RCRA waste 41.11 e res:r:c:ao tcer Zne at : e : e :ne -aste .s to oe
placea.
:o su ar1.ze Secr . .on A, the L Rs are app1 ao1e wnen three cc ns are
tet: ..) zne C CLA ac:.on cOflst.t . es pLacement, 2) the C C waste s a ?.CRA
nazarcous waste, and 3) tr.e RCL —aste s rest::c:ed at the :.me of p1ace ent,
:! these ccno t ons are met, tne C C.A ac: ort must comply .th tne L Rs,
.nless art A? U aLver s grantee (rernea a1 act .on or Com;L.ance -t:n tne s
.s aetermi.nee not to be “p:ac::cabje” (removal acttons).
8. Superfund compliance with the LDRs
Sec::on 3 bri .efly desc::bes :ne diffarer.: tvpes of L R requt:er en s and
provices an ove iew of tne Superf na approacn for corso1y .ng w1.th tnese LR
requ.rements wnen they are neter ti.nec to be “applicaole.” Sec: .on 3 descr1.bes
only t.-.e ma)or LDF. resc::c: ons; :ne upcom ng dance doc en: - l1 gt e a
ccmple e descrtptton of alL R prov sions.
. Su.pr, : : e a,or re er’L
a ‘-aste becomes ‘st ” on its statutory deadline (or poss b1:,
earl .er , one of four types of rezc::c: orts will tate effect:
ept ent standard ( Z68 .!.O— 3) — The RCRA amenements d.rac: PA to
prcnu .Lgate t:ea .ment Star.carcs for all RC?.A hazartous Mastes y : e
statutory deaclines. to cate, osz of the szar.cares set 5v EPA are
concent:at on levels znat tust be acn evee pr:c: to lane d scosal. (The
reg’ lati .ons specify rletner a total ‘waste analysis or ne
Characteris: c t..eacn ng Procedure (CLP) ‘ ust be used to measure the
concertc:ac on Levels.) For cor.centracton—basee treatment stancards, any
tecr_—.ology may be usee to acrt eve tnese scartoards. i owever, .m linitee
cases, EPA has also rcmulgacad a spec .fic tecr_tology as a ::eatran:
scar.aard, or has escablisned a “no Lane disposal” treatment s:ar. ard -mere
a . aste as no longer generated, no Longer be ng land disposec, or —as
capaole of being totally recycled.
Lationp1 capacity extenslcn (gzoa.)o—33) — her. EPA sets a treatment
standard for a waste, .: must also deter —.me if there .s suffic ent
capacity available nat cr. :de to treat the waste to that stancar:. Zf
not, EPA may grant a nationwide capac::v extens:on for the asce for up
two years. Dur:ng the extension, the waste does oc have to meet :me
treatnenc standard. however, if -asce that does moc meet tne stanearo :s
:r. a lartdfmll or surface 1ou ent , :me rece:ving _ust
eet the ?C? §300’’o) :ecmnolo y recu re’-ents (e.g., ‘ utLe
L:ner, Leacnate co11ect n svse-’, ;rounc —acer 0r.tzor:ng). ecause
:nese Liti:ac .cr s on dtsposal, wastes are stm cons de:eo ‘es:z:ec ”
:urtr.g nac naj c pacit, ex:er.s:or.s,

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‘:ac tertz 2 highligrits :rte ‘iationaj a ac::, ex:eris.on : at ?A r.as
gar.ted to date for C RC...A so .l aria aetr s —astes t at are cQr tam,r.ated
wtth RCRA restricted -asces.
Soft haeer (5258.3 — f E? faiLs to set a : e3:—er.z star.car— for a
:zc or Secorto Thi c -aste an :. ie stat’ .:ory deaal:ne , the soft h er
goes into effect autorr t:cally. The soft ha .rier places t o requt:e ,e
on :te th.sposal of -astes in lartdfills aria surface oot nd e s: I) t
rece. ’iing iust nee: the RCR ru u. tecnrtoLogy require’ en:s, ar.o
2) :ne generator rtust de’ ortscrate aria cert . fy that he r.as invesr.igacea
:reat ertt opt.orts for the waste, arid, ctere treatnerit s prac: .caLL•,
available, that the ‘.iaste rias been treated using :ne best pract.cal:i
available :reat ent ne:.noa. The soft ri er remains :n effect u nt:L
sets a t:eat ent standard for the waste, or u t L the hard hamner fal.s n
iay L990, ct3.cnever comes f.:st.
dart (? CP A § 0O4(g)(6)(C)) — f P.; fails to set a z:eac ent
star.dara for a solvent, d oxin, or Ca1 fornia l st —aste by the statutory
deaclirtes for these wastes, or for arty “Third” aste by May 1990, the r.ard
natr. er falls, The hard haer pror ibits all lana disposal of tne affected
waste.
Cortoliance w th RCP and the L Rs nay also be obtained :h ough several
opt,oris other than neer. .rtg the restr ctjons aoove. It is important to note
that these op tiLon. cons ti tut e cc p liance with RCX&; they do not require an LR.AR
waiver i ider C CLa,
A aaza :y ‘!a a (5263,44) is ava .ab1e vhen a t:eat ant star, ar:
as :een set for a -aste. The var:ance can be usea r.ere, because :r.e
s ta anager’s aste s 5: car.tly different fron :ne -aste usea by EPA
to set :r.e :reatner.t stanaarc, the stancard carnot be net or : e 3DAT
:ec ..noLogy : 5 :napproDr :ate. The variance cart be grar.:ed either
ad :n :st:at:vely, for a parz cujar waste at a par::cular site, or :nrougn
a le—na tr.g proceoure, wnicrt es aol snes a new naz onwide ‘-aste category
aria azsociate :reac. ent scanoara,
Ar. ;alertz ‘:eptmer ,t enod ?et: on (5268. 2) car. be usec -riere a
:rea: ent stancard .s a spec :f :ea :ecnnology, but the s::e ‘tanager car.
dernor.st:ace that another technology cart acrtieve an eguivaleric ‘teasure of
perfo ance,
A Q j pc n ?et:t:pn (5263.6) can be used as art al:ernat :ve to any of
trie four restrictions above. The site nanager nust denor.strate that there
will be no migration of hazardous :ortst :uenzs aoove rtea :n—basec evels
from the disposal u—. or in;ecz:an tone for as long as :ne asce re a :ns
hazarcous,
Je t: :—z (5260.20 anc 5260.22) can be usec s an aL:er’tat :ve :0 ar” of
: e ft..: res:::cz:ons aoove, nen the ? C _; tatar:ous waste .s a listed
-aste. The s te ‘tanager uzt derr.or.st:ate :noz: ) the -aste does to: ee:
any cf :ne c:::er:a under ..r.:cn the ‘.aste -as L :stea. aria 21 or. er’ :ac:::s

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934 .— :
LncLuding addit .ona1 nszuert s would - z cause the as :o e
ts:ardous.
. Su erf ..nc a :rcac fz,r c-j ,y - L2
e present Superfuztc approacn for C DI/ing ‘-i:r. zne L Rs ne zney are
applica:Le requ::enents s illus a bejo :
c sz A: C C liquid or sludge ‘astes that are also P .CR rest:tz:ed
hazarcous -asces
c c :zqu d — RC A restr:cted + ?Lacer.enz LJR zs appl.cao:e. usc
or slucge hazardous waste com Ply (u. less CEPSCI.A
AR.AR Jaiver :s granted).
t.f the R rest ctzon ts
a :reat ex Startdarc,
evaluate wriecher i
be met. Ef not,
deter- .r.e if a
T:eataoil :y ‘iarzance or
other RCRA ope:cr,. is
appropr:ace.
CASE 3: CRC.A soil or debris -astes that contain RCP A restr :ed
hazar ous asces
C CA soc. I- ? C? restr:c: + Placement :s appficable. ‘ sz
or deor:s hazardous -aste com iy (u J.ess C CA
A?A2. ..iai;er is grartteo).
f L R resz::c .on is a
zreac.nenc szanaard. -ill
generally be a pro r:ace
to see. a Trea:a.:.:•,
Var:ance. Other RCL’ 1
opt ons nay also be
appropr:ace.
C C respo actions often address aste natrices, such as con: zna:ed
so 1 and debris, that are different fron the RC? nauszr:aj wastes used to set
the LDR treatment standards. Therefore, the Agency .s uiiderzaking a ruler a ng
that -ill set L Rtreatment stancarcs soec:f:caj.i:, for contaminateo soi. anc
debrts. ‘n : l that rtdema :ng LS completed, size nanagers snould use zne d :a
CO llectec cur:ng the removal and re edia1 si : ves ::gat ns to s ppor: a
rea:a::::: , varianCe for soil anc feor:s ‘—nere -.e essz ry. As par: of :n:s
:n:er aoroacr., the Agency :s develoDir.g specif z gu car. for tatn n; a
rreacaoi:t:y ar:ance for soil and debr s. rticn estabL snes al :er ce
::eatnen: eve].s or e :hods for soil anc deor s.

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