RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
OF THE
LOWER KANSAS RIVER
KANSAS
PREPARED BY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WATER QUALITY OFFICE
Division of Field Investigations - Denver Center
Denver, Colorado
and
Missouri Basin Region, Kansas City, Missouri
March 1971
EPA 330-D-71-002

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1962J
Presidential Documents
Tifle 3—The President
EXEOUTIVE ORDER 11574
Arlmhthtration of Refuse Act Permit Prograni
By virtue of the authority vested in mc as President of the United
States, and in furtherance of the purpo cs and policies of section 13 of
the Act of March 3, 1899, c. 425, 30 Stat. 1152 (33 U.S.C. 407), the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1151
et. seq.), the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 661—666c), and the National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347), it is hereby ordered as follows:
SECTION 1. Refuse Act pcrnth program. The c.’ ecuth’c branch of the
Federal Government shall implement a permit program under the
aforesaid section 13 of the Act of March 3, 1899 (hereinafter referred
to as “the Act”) to regulate the discharge of pollutants and other refuse
matter into the navigable waters of the United States or their tributaries
and the placing of such matter upon their banks.
SEC. 2. Responsibilities of Federal agencies. (a) (1) The Secretary
shall, after consultation with the Administrator respecting water quality
matters, inue and amend, as appropriate, regulations, procedures, and
instructions for receiving, proc ing, and evaluating applications for
permits pursuant to the 2uthority of the Act.
(2) The Secretary shall be responsible for granting, denying, con-
ditioning, revoking, or suspending Refuse Act permits. In so doing:
(A) He shall .accept findings, determinations, and interpretations
which the Administrator shall make respecting applicable water quality
standards and compliance with those standards in particular circum-
stances, including findings, determinations, and interpretations arising
from the Administrator’s review of State or interstate ..agency water
quality certifications under section 21(b) of the Federal Water Pollu-
tion .Control Act (84 Stat 108). A permit shall be denied where the
certification prescribed by section 21(b) of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act has been denied, or where issuance would be inconsistent
with any finding, determination, or interpretation of the Administrator
pertaining to applicable water quality standards and considerations.
(B) In addition, he shall consIder factors, other than water quality,
which are prescribed by or may be lawfully considered under the Act
or other pertinent laws.
FEDtRAL REGiSTER, VOL 35, NO. 250—FRIDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1970

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THE PRESIDENT
(3) The Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of the Interior,
with the Secretary of Commerce, with the Administrator, and with the
bead of the agency exercising administration over the wildlife resources
of any affected State, regarding effects on fish and wildlife which are
not reflected in water quality considerations, wherd the discharge for
which a permit is sought impounds, diverts, deepens the channel, or
otherwise controls or similarly modifies the stream or body of water
into which the discharge is made.
(4) Where appropriate for a particular permit application, the
Secretary shall perform such consultations respecting environmental
amenities and values, other than those specifically referred to in para-
graphs (2) and (3) above, as may be required by the National Environ-
mental Policy Act of 1969.
(b) The Attorney General shall conduct the legal proceedings neces
sary to enforce the Act and permits issued p,prsuant to it.
SEC. 3. Coordination by Council on Environmental Quality. (a) The
Council on Environmental Quality shall coordinate the regulations,
policies, and procedures of Federal agencies with respect to the Refuse
Act permit program. -
(b) The Council on Environmental Quality, after consultation with
the Secretary, the Administrator, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secre-
tary of Commerce, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Attorney Gen-
eral, shall from time to time or as directed by the President advise the
President respecting the implementation of the Refuse Act permit pro-
gram, including recommendations regarding any measures which should
be taken to improve its administration.
SEC. 4. Definitions. As used in this order, the word “Secretary”
means the Secretaiy of the Army, and the word “Administrator” means
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
T r WirrrE HOUSE,
December 23, 1970.
[ F.R. Doc. 70—17461; Filed, Dec. 23, 1970; 1: 48 p.m.]
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 35, NO. 250—FRWAY, DECEMBER 25, 1970

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TABLL Oi? CO TE11TS
I. Introciuction .
Statement of Prob1e’
Ob cctives .
S cope
Authority
Acknowledgements .
Recommendations . . . . . 11—5
LI—B
11—9
. ITT—i..
.i.I .
. . . . . . . . 111—2
. . . . . . . .LiI—3
• • • . . . . . . .LiI—5
Chapter
C.
Chai t r
L .
fl/_i
Iv—l
P 1—2
• . 4.
S • • • • . V—i
• S S • S S
• . . . . . . . v—3
• S S S S
• . S • S
• S • • S S
• S S • • S


• • S S
• S • • • •
• S • S S
• . . S • •
• S S S •
VI—14
C aotcr
B.
C.
D.
Chapter
A.
Ch ip t r
A.
B.
C.
1).
II. Summary of Conclusions and
Summary of Conclu [ ons .
flccornmcn(LLtions
i—i
i—i
1—2
E— 2
1—4
lIt. Dcscri.ptioi of Area
Physic tl 1)ebcrlption
,.‘, ... ‘

Hydrology
Population and Economy
IV. Applicable Water Quality Regulations
Water Quality Standards
The Rivers and Harbors Act 0 F ]899
Water Quality Iinprovcmeat Act of 1970
V. Water Quality Invcsti ations .
Field Invcstigation3 . • .
_.- .:--.- .--•;
Chapzer VI. Water Quality Evaluations • . . .
A. Dissolved Oxygen and Related Constituents
Dissolved Oxygen
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Chemical Oxygen Dai and -
Total Organic Caroon
B. Other Physical and Chc iical Characteristics
Non—Filterable Solids and Turbidity
Temperature . • . . •
Hydrogen Ion Potential . . . • .
Specific Conductance
C. Bacterial Cor 4 centrations
D. Benthos and Sediment Characteristics .
Benthos • • •
Bottom Sediments
Chemical Characteristics of Sediments
V I—i
VI-l
V 1—1
V 1—5
Vi —6
Vi —6
VI —6
1—0
Vi-o
V I—C
Vi —8
V 1—13
VI—13
V 1—13
1

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Ai Li OF CO :’iii’ TS——Continued
— c_ —
E. Turkey Creek Water Quality Condicions .
VII. Sources of Pollution .
Historic Conditions .
Point Sources of Pollucion
Shaunce Avenue J?ur pir&g Plcnt Outfall -
Turkey Creek Diversion Tunnel Outlet
Seventh Street Tra ficT1ay Outfall
Seventh Street Sc- er Outfall . . .
hill Street Purnpaag PianL Outrall.
Tenth Street Sc’ e ( utfa1l
T elfth Street Sc r Pumping
Plant Outfall . . . . . . . . .
Santa Fe Railroad Yards PumDlng
Plant Outfall . . . . . . . . .
Ruby Avenue Flood Gate Outfall . .
Osage Avenue Pur ing Pla:Lt Outfall
Procter and Gamble Outfal .
Turner Industrial District PumD
Station Zyoas
Thompson—llayward iascc Discharges.
Kansas City, Kansas Scuage Treatment
PlantNo.8
Quivera Lake Estaces Seu age Treatment
Pl ant—. ; .. ; -;--.-. -.-- :
. . —
APPi DIX A T!ATER QUM ITY CRITERIA FOK THE KANSAS RIVER
BASIN, KANSAS
APPEYDIX B RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT OF 1899
(33 U.S.C. 401—413; Section 407 is referred to
as the Refuse Act of 1899)
APPL !LIX C EXECUTIVE ORDER 11574
Administration of the Refuse Act Permit Program
2PE DIX D DISCHARGE OF OIL
(Code of Federal agu1ations, Title 18,
Chapter V, Part 610)
Chapter
A.
13.
i. —16
Vu—i
.1_i—i
VU—2
‘
• . . . .
. . . . . dii_ .)
• ‘. . . . VIl—lO
. . . . . Vif—lO
jI—LO
lI —il
VIi—Ll

• 7—lo

. . . . . \‘Il—lS
— —

• LI_is,

-; . . . V11—20
VII—21
References.
ii

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i1p. L L(;iNs
1-,
Ar.jcJ 1 -)
- - :
1 1 1 — 1 if_j
1 1 12 1: 1—2
111—3 1 1 1—3
V ‘ I
v_ s —
V 1! Vi—2
VI—2 VI—2
VI—3
c ir4 vI—G
% 11 7
V .LJ
Sarnpl.Lng Station. Locations
Physical and Chemical \ T ater Quality Data
Bacteriological Data
SedimcntData. .
Paysical and Chemical Cnaracteristics of
Pollution Sources
Pollution Source Su rv r Bacteriological
Data . •
Cnaracteristjcs of Railroad Yard Wastes
Kansas River Basin
Comparison of Item; thscharges .
Comparison of listsiiat d Ga?e Heights
Sarwling Station Locacions
Dissolved Oxygen Conccntratiocts
Biochemical Oxygen Janand
Chemical Oxygen Dcr-a id Relationsr.i?s
4 .ort—Fiiterable Solid; and Turbidity
Geometric Mean, Haxirnun, and Minimum
Bacterial Counts-
TABLES
- ‘0.
V-i
Vi —i
‘ 1—2
Vl-3
\‘II—l
v -i: 1—2
V u—S
I ) -, ,
- - , L
‘ —2
Tj_9
‘ -1— i -i
Vl—l5
VIi--4
VII—5
VII—15
iii

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1-1
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. STATENENT OF PROBLE1
The Kansas River, a major tributary of the Missouri River, drains
a large, predominantly agricultural, area in Kansas, Nebraska and
Colorado. The lower reach of the river is located in the Kansas City,
Kansas — Kansas City, Missouri metropolitan area. Municipal and
industrial waste discharges and urban runoff in the metropolitan area,
coupled with residual polluti n from upstream sources, degrade water
quality in the lower river and impair water uses.
Substantial progress has been made during the past decade to
provide adequate treatment for wastes discharged to the lower river.
A serious pollution problem still exists, however, as reflected by
existing water quality conditions which are in violation of State and
Federal water quality standards. Several industrial waste discharges
are in violation of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 and the oil
pollution provisions of the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970.
B. OBJECTIVES
The major objectives ot the water quality investigations reported
herein were:
1. On the basis of a reconnaissance survey, to evaluate water
quality conditions in tne lower seven miles of the Kansas
River during the cirtical late su ner low—flow period.
2. To determine the magnitude and characte istics of significant
4,
point sources of pollution discharging to the lower Kansas
River by limited source sampling.

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T-2
3. To investigate po ibJ.e violations of the Rivers and 1 arbo:z
Act of 1399 and the Yatcr Quality Improvei!lent Act of 1970.
4. To cvaluatc the prcscnt status of compliancc with app1 cab c
water quai..LLy La id ri . and recomiiiendation’.. of the 1’edecal—
State Enforcement Conference.
5. To define the need for and scope of additional water quality
investigations in the Kansas River drainage.
C. SCOPE
This report summarizes the results of investigations of water
qual ty conditions and sources of pollution in the Kansas City, Kansas,
urban portion of the Kansas River drainage area. Field investigations
were conducted during September and October 1970 by the Kansas City
Regional Water Quality Office of EPA. Water quality conditions in the
Lover Kansas River were evaluated for compliance with water quality
standards and other applicable Federal regulations. Significant point
sources of pollution were investigated for possible violations of
standards and regulations. Recommendations are made for enforcement
actions and other remedial measures to abate detected violations.
D. ADTHORI 1
The Water Quality Office (UQO) of the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), formerly the Federal tlater Quality Administration in the
Department of the Interior, is the agency of the Federal government
responsible for implementing a national policy of enhancement of the
quality and value of water resources through the prevention, control
and abatement of water pollution. This policy has been spelled out

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1-3
over the past 15 years in a scri.cs of 1e islative acts, col1ective1 ,
knoun as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended.
Section 10 of the Act authorizes the Administrator of tne LPA
to take certain enforcement actions to seek abatement of pollution of
interstate or navigable waters which endangers the health or welfare
of any persons. Two enforcement actions involving interstate po1lut on
of the Kansas River have been carried out under the provisions of
Section 10.
A Federal—State Enforcement Conference in the matter of pollution
of interstate waters of the Missouri River in the Kansas City metropolitan
area was held on December 3, 1957. The conference included consideration
of pollution of the Lower Kansas River. Pollution abatement schedules
ware established by the conference.
A Hearing was held June 13—17, 1960, to hear evidence relative to
interstate pollution in the troj 11 a andfác1 5f iogresi in
meeting pollution abatement schedules. The Hearing Board established
new pollution abatement schedules which required all waste sources
discharging to the Kansas River to provide adequate treatment, or
connect to a municipal system providing adequate treatment, by January 1,
1967. A number of waste sources have not yet complied with Hearing Board
requirements.
Federal—State water quality standards have been established for
the Kansas River in accordance with provisions of Section 10. Water
quality conditons are in violation of these standards. Oil pollution
regulations est ’blished pursuant to provisions of the Water Quality
Improvement Act of 1970 apply to the Kansas River andare being violated.

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1-4
The Administrator of the EPA is cmpoucred to reconvene the
Enforcement Conference, call another hearing or ,eek direct court
acLion to secure ab itcnicnt of Lhc intcr5tlte pollutior incc the tune
schedules established by the Lienring Board have not been met. The
Administrator may also seek direct court action to obtain compliance
with water quality standards and to prosecute violators of oil
pollution regulations.
E. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Field reconnaissance, stream sampling, waste source sampling, ana
laboratory analyses for the water quality investigations were conducted
by the Office of Technical Support, WQO, Missouri Basin Region, EPA.
The Division of Field Investigations — Denver Center, Office of
Enforcement and Standards Compliance, WQO, EPA,, evaluated water quality
data and prepared the report.

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‘I-I
CHAPTER II. SUNMA RY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECO U IlWATIONS
A. SU ARY OF CONCLUSIONS
An investigation of watcr quality conditions in the lower seven
miles of the Kansas River witiin Kansas City, Kansas, was conducted
during the September 1970 low flow period. Physical, chemical, bacte-
riological and biological characteristics of the river were evaluated
at one—mile intervals.
A survey of 15 municipal and industrial waste sources dischargiflg
to the lower 10 miles of the Kansas River was also conducted. The
magnitude and physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics
of each waste source were evaluated.
The Kansas River is an interstate and navigable stream. Water
quality in the river is subject to the Kansas water quality standards.
Industrial waste sources discharging to the river must comply with the
requirements of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, Executive Order No.
11574, and the oil pollution regulations established pursuant to the
Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970.
The Kansas water quality standards specify that the waters of
the Kansas River are to be protected for public water supply, industrial
water supply, recreation including sport fishing, agricultural uses and
receipt of treated wastes. Present water uses in the Kansas River
reach studied include industrial water supply and discharge of treated
and untreated wastes.
Water quality in the Lower Kansas River is degraded by municipal
and industrial waste discharges, urban runoff and agricultural runoff.

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11-2
TJater quality in the Kansas River as it enters the Kansas City,
Kansas, metropolitan area is moderately degraded by the residual effects
of pollution from a variety of sources in the KarLsas River Basin. This
poll t on alone would produce violat ons of water cual ty standar s
near :rie mouth of the river.
Discha gcs of municipal and industrial wastes to the lower river,
in combination with the upstream pollution, depress dissolved oxygen
concentrations in four—mile reach of the river toas low as 2.2
milligrams per liter, well below the allowable limit of 5 milligrams
per liter. Bottom sediments are anaerobic in this reach. Oil was
visually observed on the water surface and river banks and in the bottom
sediments, in violation of wator quality standards and oil pollution
regulations. The presence of toxic materials was indicated by the
aDsance of aquatic organisms, including pollution tolerant species, at
-- several- locations -in--the- river.— Bacteria-l-concentrations s-highas
72,000 fecal coliforms per 100 millileters render the water unfit for
use as a public water supply or for any type of recreational use.
A total of 12 sources of untreated or inadequately treated munici-
pal and industrial wastes discharge to a four—mile reach of the Kansas
River extending from two to six miles upstream from the Missouri River.
Eight sources discharge untreated sanitary sewage either directly to
the river or diluted by industrial wastes before discharge. Three
sources discharge inadequately treated municipal wastes. Six sources
discharge industrial wastes with little or no treatment. Only one source,
the Procter and”Gamble outfall, discharged an effluent of acceptable
quality.

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11-3
Two industrial waste sources discharged effluents which created
gross violations of water quality standards and regulations. The
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe RailroacPs Argentine Yards discharged
oil on several occasions frorn t c ra lroad T s outfall near tr e Eig. ite nt
Street Expressway Bridge. The railroad wastes are also toxic and contain
untreated sanitary sewage. This discharge violates the Kansas water
qua1 ty standards as ic1l as oil pollution regulations.
Sims Barrel C mpany, an industry which cleans and salvages used
barrels, discharges toxic wastes with an extremely high biochemical
oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand through the Twelfth Street
Sewer Outfall just upstream from the Twelfth Street Bridge. The
residual contents of used barrels, including hazardous polluting
substances such as pesticides, are washed into the sewer outfall.
Significant concentrations of oil are also discharged. This discharge
is p_yi ] o t o_n_of_Kansao water_ quality standards - -
Two small primary treatment plants, the Kansas City, Kansas, sewage
treatment plant, No. 8 and the Quivera Lake Estates sewage treatment
plants, discharge inadequately treated domestic wastes to small
intermittent tributaries which enter the Kansas River about 10 miles
above its mouth. The Kansas State Board of Health requires secondary
treatment for wastes discharged to intermittent streams. These treat-
ment plants should be upgraded to provide secondary treatment in
accordance with this policy.
Water quality in Turkey Creek, a small tributary draining a
predominantly u ban and suburban watershed of 24 square miles, is
degraded by urban runoff, inadequately treated municijal wastes, minor

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11-4
amàunts 5f industrial wastes, and intermittent bypasses of sanitary
scwage. Turkey Creek constitute3 a significant source of pollution
which is discharged to the Kansas River about three miles above its
mouth. A reconnaissance of the lower five miles of Turkey Creek
identif led a total of 24 outfalls which are potential sources of
pollution. Several municipal waste disposal facilities providing
secondary treatment are located in the watershed. A public health
hazard caused by h .gh bacterial concentrations, as well as nuisance
conditions, exists in portions of Turkey Creek during low flow
conditions, in violation of Kansas water quality standards. A pollution
source survey of the Turkey Creek watershed is needed to provide the
basis for abatement measures. Immediate pollution abatement needs
include chlorination of all municipal treatment plant effluents, addi-
tional reduction of biochemical oxygen demand loads discharged to tr e
creek, -and- el-itnination -of—al-i bypassing of tf at d ewagé.
Backwater conditions produced by the Missouri River substantially
reduce the assimilative capacity of the Lower Kansas River. Abatement
of the present severe dissolved oxygen depletions will require that
discharges of oxygen—demanding materials to the lower river be substan-
tially reduced or eliminated. Such a reduction could be effected by
reducing both the direct waste discharges and the residual waste loads
from upstream sources.
Discharges of untreated domestic sewage and municipal waste treat-
ment plant effluents which are not chlorinated are major factors
contributing to ’the high bacterial counts observed in Turkey Creek
rind the Kansas River. Connection of all sanitary sewers to treatment

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11-5
facilitics and chlorination of all treatment plant effluents would
substantially reduce aver gc bacterial concentrations in the lovver river.
Pollution from upstream sources contributes substantially to water
quality degradation in the lowcr river. A Yater quality investigation
and pollution source survey is needed in the Kansas River Basin upstream
from the Kansas City metropolitan area to provide the basis for reduct on
of this pollution.
The Kansas water quality standards do not adequately protect water
quality in the Kansas River for designated uses. There are no bacteri l
criteria applicable to the lower 15 miles of the river. Present bacterial
criteria are based on total coliforra limits. A numerical limit on
increases in water temperature from heated discharges is not specified
other than an absolute maximum limit. Also, the implementation plan does
not provide for adequate treatment of any of the industrial waste die-
chiargcs dis ssi d bo /e.
B. RECOMi ENDAT IONS
To secure an immediate reduction in the pollution of the Kansas
River in the Kansas City, Kansas, metropolitan area and to achieve long—
term enhancement of water quality, the following actions are recotm iended:
1. Initiate appropriate enforcement actions under the provisions
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and/or the Refuse
Act of 1899 against the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad.
Discharges of oil, untreated sanitary sewage and toxic materials
from tI 2 e railroad’s Argentine Yards are in violation of the Kansas
water quality standards, the Refuse Act of 1899, and the oil

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j .L 0
pollution provthions of thc Federal Uater o1lution Control Act,
as amended. Modification of the existing treatmeat facdity
to effect an immediate reduction in oil di5chargcs should i’ e
investigated.
2. Conduct an investigation of the T i lfth Street Seuer to docu cnt
the source of the oil and strong oxygen—demanding wastes dis-
charged from this outfall. If warranted by the results of
this investigation, appropriate enforcement actions should be
initiated under the provisions of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act and/or the Refuse Act of 1899 against any source
contributing to this discharge which is in violation of Kansas
water quality standards.
3. Immediately discontinue all discharges of hazardous polluting
substances and oil from Sims Barrel Company.
4. abate - discharges -of -oil and- grease--f-ron- Standard -Render-ing-
Company, Turner Industrial District, and Thompson—Hayward.
5. Conduct a source survey to define the magnitude and character-
istics of pollution sources in the TurkerCrcek watershed.
Based on the results of this survey, develop a pollution
abatement plan which will insure that water quality conditions
in Turkey Creek meet the requirements of the Kansas water
quality standards applicable to tributaries of the Kansas River.
6. Connect all sources of sanitary sewage discharging through the
Seventh Street Trafficway Outfall, thE Seventh Street Sewer Out—
4,
fall, Tenth Street Sewer Outfall, Mill Street Pumping Plant

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11-7
Outfall to the Kansas City, Kansas, sewerage system to eliminate
discharges of untreated sewage to the river.
7. Upgrade the Kansas City, Kansas, sewage treatment plant No.
and the Quivera Lake Estates sewage treatment plant from prin ary
to secondary treatment in accordance with the Kansas State oard
of Health policy for waste discharges to intermittent strearas.
8. Eliminate or reduce to negligible amounts all discharges of
oxygen—dem andit g wastes to the lower six miles of the Kansas
River. Where prnctic. blc, i]l indu trLril WiiCtc r.ourccr. oca’LL( .
be coLuLccLcd to the K.inz..i CLLy, L( a , f wera e bysL nI.
Appropriate pretreatment must be provided for any sources so
connected. Where it is not feasible to connect to the City
sewerage system, treatment must be provided which will reduce
the mean daily biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen
dend-inthe effIn ntsth l thañ lOánd 20 iiig/Irj,ictively.
The effluents must also be essentially free of oil and not toxic
to aquatic life.
9. Conduct a water quality and pollution source investigation in
the Kansas River Basin to define the causes of the degraded water
which enters the Lower Kansas River. The investigation should
extend upstream to the Topeka metropolitan area. Appropriate
pollution abatement and/or enforcement actions should be initiated
following completion of this investigation.
10. Revision of the Kansas water quality standards is necessary
to prov ide adequate protection for designated water uses in the
Kansas River. Needed revisions include a bacterial criterion

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for prote tthn of gefleral recreational uses which is applic blc
to all uaters except body contact recreation areas, conversion
of bacterial criteria to a fecal coliform basis, and addition
of a numerical limit on increases in water temperature. All
industrial waste discharges providing inadequate treatment
should be added to the impleLltentation plan.

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Ill—i
CIiAPTI2. III. DESCRIPTION OF AREA
A. Pi YSICAL DLSC UPTION
rric Kansas River is formed by the confluence of the Re ub1ican
and Smoky Hill Rivers ncar Junction City, Kansas (&oe Figure Ill—i).
The r. .ver flows eactward for about 120 miles to its confluence with
tnc Missouri River in Kansas City, Kansas, on the Kansas— 1issouri
bordcr. The drainage area of the Kansas River and its tributaries,
totalling about 6O, 000 square miles in area and extending 480 miles
in 1en th from west to east, covers the northern third of Kansas and
portions of southern Nebraska and northeastern Colorado. Major tribu-
tarics include the Blue, Republican, Solomon and Smoky Hill Rivers.
Excluding major tributaries, the drainage area directly tributary to
the Kansas River covers about 5,370 square miles.
The topography of the greater Kansas River Basin varies from
—r-o-l1-i-ng, semi—ar-id—grassland in--the west to steepiy-r l1i g, rtiaIly
ttooded farmland in the east.. Much of the Basin is open farmland with
irrigation practiced in river valleys, especially along the Republican
River, The entire Basin is in the Great Plains geographical province.
The drainage area directly tributary to the Lower Kansas River
reach considered in this study is small, totalling about 66 square
niles including 24 square miles in the drainage area of Turkey Creek,
a sriall tributary joining the Kansas River about three miles above
its mouth. The Ina3ority of the study area is located in Kansas City,
Kansas.

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NE BRA S
/
/
/
I
A
/
IOWA
-
I —
4-
— — - —
I ’ ?
Kar3 Chy
I MC.
KANSAS
Figure 111-i. Kansas River Basin

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111—2
The topography of the metropolitan area is charactcrizcd by
hills flanking narrow flood plains along major water courses.
d stricLs and residential areas arc primarily located on the lulls iith
industrial districts on the flood plains. The flood plain of the Kansas
River averages one to two miles in width in Kansas City. The Atchison,
Topeka and Santa Fe and Union Pacific railroad yards and the Armourdale
and Argentine industrial districts occupy much of this flood plain.
Suburban rcsidcnti’al areas occupy the hills adjacent to the Kansas
River.
B. CLI: ATE
The climate of the Kansas River Basin is typical of the central
continental area, with extreme fluctuations in both temperature and
annual precipitation common. Winters are generally dry and fairly
mild although heavy blizzards and temperatures well below zero can
occur. Sui miers are hot with humid conditions in the east gradually
changing to relatively dry conditions in the west. Temperatures
recorded at Kansas City range from 113°F to —22°F with a mean annual
o (7)*
temperature of 55 F -
Annual precipitation ranges from about 35 inches at Kansas City
to less than 15 inches in far west portions of the basin. Thunder—
storms and tornadoes are coitmion in the summer. Climatic extremes
ranging from droughts to cloudburst—induced flash floods have been
recorded. Annual runoff ranges from 8 inches in the east to less
than 0.5 inches in the west.
Numbers in parentheses refer to bibliographical re ferences.

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I .L. £ j
C. hYDROLOGY
The Lo ier Kansas River is subject to large seasonal variations
stroanflow. Low flow conditions usually occur during late su irncr
and may extead well into the winter months. High flows occur during
ttia spring months, primarily as the result of spring rains. At the
Bonner Springs gaging station, located about 21 miles above the mouth
of the river, streamfiow during the 2—ycar period of record ranged
from 160 to 5l0,0O cubic feet par second (cfs) with an annual average
of 6,663 CfSclu). Annual runoff averages 4.8 million acre—feet.
Strean flow at Bonner Springs ranged from 1,350 to 1,400 cfs during the
September 9—11, 1970, stream survey, indicating a relatively low
streanflow was sampled.
Streamfiow in all of the major tributaries of the Kansas River
is regulated by flood control or irrigation reservoirs. This regulation
-tends to reduce extremev ri tThtcs Th f1 iifth tbYiRuff ff
from uncontrolled tributaries following heavy rainfall can produce
sudden increases in streamfiow, however, with accompanying fluctuations
in water quality.
The hydrology of the Nissouri River exerts an important inf1ucr cc
on the Lower Kansas River. Water surface elevations in the Niseouri
River are frequently higher than water surface elevations which would
normally occur in the Kansas River at its mouth under free—flowing
cond tions. Such higher stages in the issouri River produce backuater
conditions in the Kansas River unich cause a ponding effect similar to
a dam with incr’ ased water depths and reduced flow velocities resulting.

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111-4
High flood stages on the Nis3ouri River may produce backwater effect.
extending as much as 10 miles up the Kansas River.
Similar seasonal variations in flow occur in the Missouri and
Kansas Rivers. A comparison of mean monLhly d1 charges for the two
i: . t-i. tor :ater y r 3969 L. :.hotin in Fi urc ILI—2. Since the
hvdr u1ic characteristics of tnc Missouri and Kansas River channels
are different, water surface elevations do not respond in the same
manner to flow changes in the two rivers. By comparing estimated
flow depths in the two rivers under free—flow conditions, it is
possible to estimate when backwater conditions probably exist in the
Kansas River. Assuming gage heights correspond to flow depths and
that water depths at the mouth of the Kansas River under free—flowing
conditions would be the same as at Bonner Springs, an estimate of the
extent of backwater conditions can be made by comparing gage heights
f tthe B n e Sptis rfd Mi so iRi e Thi p i o r
is shown in Figure 111—3 with backwater conditions defined by the
cross—hatched area. Since this comparison is based on a number of
simplifying assumptions rather than a detailed hydraulic analysis
and only one water year was considered, the predicted extent of
backwater conditions must be considered a rough approximation. It is
evident, however, that the potential exists for extendedperiods of
backwater under low flow conditions, with substantial increases in
the depth of the Kansas River near its mouth.
Backwater conditions exert a detrimental effect on water quality
in the lower ri 4 er. By reducing turbulence, reaeration rates are

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Figure 111-2. Comparison of Mean Discharges
120 1I1 I T JiF liii iIJIILIJITI:II:
i/T\T
9° - - - / i \ i --
-
I i I
ci)
a)
C
a)
a)
•1
II
k ii ii
ii
ii
—i z E
—.--
=
ne
i
0
N D J F M A N J J A S
Kansas
“L’
c’,—
--E- \ -’
——7
(
r’ft
I
I
V.
‘\ -
\
\
—
..
‘
S
‘,
—
-
\
I
c I
U
C)
U
(p
0
z
C)
‘ S
12
9
6
3
0
Figure 111-3. Corn arison of EstirnatedGage Heights

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r r -r
£ -
reduced and water quality is decrcased . Also, sddiments and o he
materials carried in suspension by the river then settle out in the
deeper and more quiescent water3, forming sludge deposits. The water
quality impact of these effects is discussed in more detail in Chapter V.
D. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
The economy of the Kansas River Basin is primarily based on
agriculture. Due to the rural nature of the Basin, population densi:y
0
is relatively low and decreases from east to west. Numerous small
towns and a few small cities are scattered through the drainage areas
of the major tributaries. Excluding the Kansas City metropolitan
area, a significant portion of the Basin’s population is concentrated
ir . four cities located along the Kansas River. These are Junction City
(por ulation 19,018), Manhattan (population 27,575), Topeka (population
125,011), and Lawrence (population 45,698)(2)
The population of Kansas City, Kansaiwas 168,213 in 1970, up
substantially from a 1960 population of 121,900(2). The major
letropolitan area encompassing Kansas City, Missouri, Kansas City,
Kansas, and other suburban communities had 1960 and 1970 populations
of 597,440 and 675,300 respectiveiy(2). iuch of the metropolitan
area growth in Kansas occurred in suburban areas tributary to Turkey
Creek or the Kansas River.
Kansas City is an important manufacturing and meat—packing center.
Important products manufactured include chemicals, paper goods,
auto- obj1es, railroad cars, petroleum products, casting and foundry
naterials, and dairy and agricultural commoditi ...

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I \ 1.
ClIAP’1 U. [ V AI’ ’I [ C / I ! ‘Vi ()tJd\l i ‘ i(li’ULA C LC)’ S -
inc Kansas i .ivcr i an L %r La c stream. t ater quality mu3t
r eaL rc ral—state ; atcr quality r.taneards cstn l-isncd in accordance
w .th the Federal Water Pollutton Control Act as amended by the Water
Quality Act of 1065 (33 U.S.C. L C G et sei.). The Kansas River is
also a navigable strcam . Ti char cs of industrial wastc to
navi ab1e waters must comply wLth the renuirements of the ivers and
iarbor Act or ioo (33 U.S.C. 401—413). The Water Quality Improvemcnt
Act of 1970 (33 U.S.C. 466 h—i) establishes regulations on dischar cs
of o i to navigable waters.
A. J IER QUALiTY STANDARDS
T tcr quality sLar.dards ap lieable to the Kansas River and Ltc
tri 1 .)utarlcs were established in i4y 1967, by the Kansas State Board
of a1th in accordance with rovisions of the Federal Water Pollutten
Control Act, as amencLcd 5 . These standards were Subsequently
approved as Federal standards by the Secretary of the Interior.
The approved standards consist of three componcats: (1) a
de ignation of water uses to be protected, (2) water quality criter
whic. specify water quality conditions which must be maintained, ar
(3) an implementation plan which establishes time schedules for
providing adequate treatment facilities for all waste sources. Uater
uses ‘qhjch arc to b protected in the Kansas River include public water
sepply, industrial ‘zater 6U piy, recreation including sport fisiiing,
a ricultura1 uses, and receipt of treated wastes. The standards do

-------
Iv -2
not differeitiatc between pri ir xy contc.ct recrc’ation (swimming) and
secc idary contact recreation (i oatin and wadincz). Specini
Dte-r1ologic ]1 cr Lena arc pr v ucd for irca’ dc .igrtatcc1 for ‘bo j
contact recreation”. However, .io such recreation areas arc speci [ lcally
designated for the Kansas River.
T ater qu 11ty criteria uicl de general narrative criLeria and
specific urerica1 criter a for various parameters. The complete sct
cf rater quality c riteria applicable to the Kansas River is reproducad
in Ap endix A. Specific criteria of interest are discussed by
parameter in haDter VI.
fl. THE RIVERS AflD HAflJ3ORS ACT OP 1899
The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1399 prohibits the discharge of
industrial wastes to navigable waters. without a permit from the U.S.
1\rrry Corps of Engineers. Section 407 of the Act, referred to as the
Refuse Act of 1899, makes it unlawful to discharge from any “...manufac—
turing establishment, or mill of any kind, any refuse matter of any
.ind or description whatever other than that flowing from ctree ts
and severs and passing therefro r ir. a liquid state, into any navigable
water of the Unitcd States, or into any tributary of any navigable
water from which the same shall float or be washed into such navigable
watcr. . 1 provided that a discharge may be permitted under certain
conditions specified by the Cor?s of Engineers
Executive Order No. 11574, signed by President Nixon on Decenmer 23,
1973, tightens enforcement of the Refuse Act of 1899 by requiring that

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‘all urca of £ndustrlal wastes aischarging to navigabic uatcrs or
tneLr tributaries must appLy to the Corps of Engineers for permits LO
continue such disc1iargcs 4 . All sources of ir dustr al wastes
vc: tigated dur n this study ‘iill thus need to a1 p]y for such pcrrn Ls.
The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1399 (L11d Executive Order No. 11574 re
reproduced in Append ccs B and C, respectively.
C. W .TCR OUALITY II PROVE 1ENT ACT (W 1970
—-——‘-—
Federal rules regu1at ng the discharge of oil to navigable water
were established on September ii, 1973 pursuant to the provisions
o Section l1(b)(3) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as
amenced by the Water Quality Improvc ent Act of l970 . These rules
prohibit discharges of oil to navigable waters from any source which:
‘(a) Violate applicable water quality standards, or
(b) Cause a film or sheen upon or discoloration of the surface
of the water or adjoining shorelines or cause a sludge or
emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the water
or upon adj olning shorclines 1t .
The complete sat of rules is reproduced in Appendix D.

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v- I
CUAPTER V. WATEi . QuJ\LITY INV1 STICATIONS
A. FIELD INVESTIGXTIONS
Field investigations to collect data on water quality conditions
iii the lower seven miles of the (ansas River and to determine the
location, magnitude and characteristics of significant sources of
pollution affecting water quality in this river reach were conducted
during September and October 1970. Sampling of the Kansas River for
physical, chemical, bacteriological and biological parameters was
concIuct d on September 9 and 11, 1970. Bacteriological samples were
also taken on September 28 and October, 5 and 12, 1970.
Eight samoling stations were established for the stream survey.
These stations, at one—mile intervals, were located betweaen the
confL.ience of the Kansas and iisaouri Rivers (Piver Mile—0) and River
Mile—7, (RM—7), a distance of seven miles upstream from the Missouri
River. Station designations and locations, including stations utilized
for the pollution source survey discussed below, are listed in Table V—l
and shown in Figure V—i.
The initial investigation of a pollution source was conducted on
September 3 and 4, 1970, in resnonse to a notification from the Kansas
City, i ansas, Water Poilution Department that the Atchison, Topeka and
Santa Fe Railroad was discharging an oily effluent from its railroad
yard through an outfall on the left (south) bank at River Iile RM—5.0.
A total of seven samples was takecL on these two days to confirm the
violation of oil pollution regulations. This pollution source is
discussed in more detail in Chapter VII.

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\f— —,
TI’.BLE V—i. ——Sari i ng Station Locations
_________________ Station Description
( arisa River at iouth
Kans .v3 flivcr
Kcms v3 flivcr
Shaiaiicc vcnuc Pumping Plant Outfall
Kansas fliver
Turkey Crack Diversion Tunnel
Seventh Street Trafficway Outfall
Seventh Street Seucr Outfall.
Kansas River
Tenth Street Sewer Outfall
Miii Street Pumping Plant Outfall
e1fth Street Se ier Pumping Plant
Out fall
Kansas River
Santa ‘e Yards Pumping Plant Outfall
Ruby Avenue Flood Gate OuEfall
Osage Avenue Pump n-g Plant- Outfall
Proctcr and Gamble Waste Outfall
Procter and Gamble Waste Outfall
Kansas Liver
Turner Industrial District Pump Station
Bypass
Kansas fl ver
Outfall Creek from Thompson—Hayward
Detcntioa Pond
Thompson—Hav’.zard Pipe off Speaker Road
Thom mon—} ay - iard Pine off Speaker RoaU
KRnSa City, Kansas, Se iage Treatment
Plant ; To. 3
Quivcra Lake Estates Sewage Trcatr.ent
Plant
Station R vcr
__________ ihIc
0
1.0
KR—2 2.0
Kfl—lOO 743 R
1 s
KR—lOl 30 L
K —l02 3.5
K —lO3
f
i(1 —l04 42 L
KR—105 3.3
1 L—lO6 44 L
L’_.
KR—lOS
- Xi<.— ] 09 - — -
KR—li OA
KR— 110
KR—6
I
KR- 7
t 11 )

KR-- 112
KR—il 2B
Ki —11 3
K —114
5.0

5 1 L
- -
.—, ._,
579 R
537 R
6.0
6.
7.0
85 L
o
; : L
-,r t-.
iL) .0

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PAG NOT
AVAI LABLE
DIG ITALI-Y

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\
/ —
A ticld rccn mai s .aiice ni m 1 I Jtio ’L ‘ ourccs alonc the J oycr r aciies
of Turkey Crcei was conducted on Scpta ther i. L910. Tne reach inv ’- t --
-iLed cxLendcd from chc’ Kansas Rivc r upstrcam about five miles to t ir_
rose cros&.i.ng at Antiocc Road i n Johnson County, Kansas. A total of
24 outfalls wa inventoried .Lr .ais stream reach. For the purposes
of t -ie ol1ution source survcy discussed be1o ,, the entire crcei was
co isi ercd a pollution source a i one sampling station (KR—1O1) was
asLa .)l1saed at its r octh. Indiv dua1 outfalis within the Turkey Crac..k
area ue c not sampiec .
A LOtCI of 17 sampling sLatlons was established along the Kan s
River for t-ie pollution source survey (see Table V—i and Figure V—i).
Five stacions ( R—1i2, 112A, 112B, 113 and 114) were located at
pollution sources wnicn discharge to tne Kansas River between R .—8
an L ll —l2. The remainder of t c stations were located along LIlO
seven—mile reach of the river uicludecl in the stream sampling prograr.
•The--frcquenc-y- of sarnp-1 ng. nur ber of samples and -types- of analyses
v ’riaci from station to stat on detead ag upon the nature of the
pollution source. From two to t”cive samples were obtained at each
loCation. Excopt for the sahrllag at the Atchison, Topeka and Santa
Fe Rdliroad Conpany outfall, all sourca sam 1ing was conducted bctwaen
Septeiber 28 and October 15, 1070. Spccif c details of samplin; at
CaCi source are discussed in Ci- i iter \‘II.
i 3 . UATEP._Q1. \LITYA ALYSbS
ror both t a stream survc ’ a td the pollution source survey,
: ter temperature, pH and pecif: c conducta.ice were easurcd in the

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f el . 1?or the zL-rca 11 survo , visual snprc.s onr. of stream COac1Lti’n
including bottom cedir ents ccra noted are biological cvaluatonr. of
bent1 os conducted. Obscrvatirns 1 cre also diade of outThll and t
cmro.t.alsces 1 or the source :a tt- y. All other chemical and bactcrsoe—
sscal analyses were conductcc in the laboratory.
Parneters analy.ed in the Laborator y for each stream station
inciu:sed dissolved o::y en. tLrbldlty. chem cai oxys en demand, t o— and
five—day biochcrscâl o:zygen cenand. total phosphorus, total organic
carboa and non—filterable solids. Additional parameters measured
for a nt.nber of source samples included oil and grease, chlorides,
phenol 1 arLmonia, nitrite and nitrate, and hexavalent. chromium. Fecal
coliorm and fecal streptococci ere measured at six stream stations
and 15 source stations. The chemical conposition of bottom sedlmenLs
was also evaluated for the stream stations.
Analytical methods used for chemical determinations conformed
to •1 YLA Utticial interim Methods for Chemical Analysis of Surface
‘1aze:s’ 6 . Uhere needed, mod fLcations ticrc made for automated
chenical analyses. Esavy metal analyses t;ere nerforned by atomic
absor?tion spectrophocometry. Bacterial determinations were perforn3d
in accordance with 1 Standard Nethods’Mi.

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VT-i
CiLf 2TER VI. LTEU QUALITY VAi2JATIONS
ater qua1 ty sannling or various rJicsLcal and chemical
consticuents ca conducted at each of r ae eight Kansas River stations
on September 9 ar 11, lO7tJ. Jata obtained from this survey are prec cLed
tn Table VI—l. These data ate uvaluatod vith respect to applicable
critaria or regulations for nccific parameters in the following s cc ions.
Bacteriological and biologcai data obtained during the same survey
ace presented in later sect ois.
A. DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND_RELATEi)_CONSTITUENTS
D soIved_Oxygen
The Kausas Wacer Quality Criteria specify that dissolved oxygt’n
(DO) concentrations in the ILxnsac River must be maintained at or fluOVL
5.0 nilligrams per liter (mg/i). OLserved DO concentrations rangect
fron-2 2- to 7.8 r ag/i ryj -ni-n --of--l6- samples-exlnb-it-ing concentrations-
belo’i 5.0 mg/l. All saniples wute taLcen during ttic early morning hours
and should closely approximatc daily mininum concentrations.
Average DO concentrationb are plotted against river locations in
Figure fl —i. DO concentrations decreased rapidly from the upper end
of the stream reach to within a ?iile of the river’s mouth. The n’osr
ra sd decrease in DO concentratloas occurred between RM—5 an Ri!—3.
LLghz raste dtscharges arc located in tais t-io—mile reach. Similar
DO conditions vere ooservcd on both sav 1 pling days.
The average DO concentration of 7.6 mg/i at P2i—7 was 90 perceLt
of saturation. DO levels er.Lerin; the straan reach surveyed t ere,

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K -1 1 9/09/70 0/00 7 8
9/11/70 0710 8 0
Aver e
2 9/09/70
9/11/70
/ erc e
3 9/CQ//) 07. 5
,‘1]/;o o; o
t-4 4 9/0 /70 073)
9/11/70 0740
Aver a c
5 9/09/70 0750 8 3 6, 8
9/11/70 0750 8 5 6 5
A era e 6 6
6 9/09/70 0300 8 4 7.5
9/11/70 0600 8 7 7 2
I’ er . e 7 3
24
23
23
55 6 3 ij. 57 12 40 :
39 5 3 10 53 12 2 :5
47 5 6 10 .55 3 ,
I

32 83 5 8 17 6!, 16
30 53 51 9 .56 13
31 73 54 11 60 14
52 75 ‘
56 5 7
41 17 7u
59 13 :
50 1, I
46 17 6-+ :7 0
40 16 90
43 ]6 67
TdL’J C
l0 lLe ) Qu 1 ty Data
1’ c’ ‘ l i C 1 ’) ( 10’ Tu’ h ‘ CC j U 1 3,, , 1 C ,,a r i ‘ - —
I I r’ .1 (_ O( • 2— •‘— I -— ‘. C
0 O’u91/C) 0 ’ 7 7 7 & •‘ . I /0 5’ 9 0 1C 16 12
9/11’71’ 00 0 6 0 7 25 3’) 3 C 1 ( 5 51 H - ‘ :— -
2 4 C ’ l 2” 11 7 3 13 ‘.9 31 33 -
2 4 613
24 619
24 g5 ’3
0715 7 9 4 1
0720 81 33
3.7
813
913
863
80 4
8 3 3 7 9c9
87 41 831
3/ 9/ 4 3
71 4 7 9
36 83 4 6 9
KP-5
C 1 4
8
913
44
36
5
3
10
54
871
43
42
10
K” -6
830
9 L3
872
.7 7 9/09’70 &. 1S 8 5 7 5 6 “
9/11/70 06L ) 8 8 7 8 935
7 ‘. 60
830
92/
879
‘
50
49
49
40
33
36
4
5
5
9
2
0
1 (1
10
10
51
53
52
16
14
16
12
17
los
1/0
11 ’ .
1?
126
:-
3
‘..
“
I
50
50
50
32
11
10
54
55
50
41
4
6
10
.54
14
126
45
45
40
33
6
4
(

‘ 3
11.
Si
55
P
17
IC ’
1 ‘
-
•
3

65
36
‘
12
5!
1’
I’.
—
!
i ‘/iu ,i’:

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vI—3
relatively good for 107 f orv c dition in a wan water strear carry]$.
noderate lcvc.Ls of organic u stec. A dJscusscd in the follouin
section, biochcmicai oxy cn der 1 aid cud chet ica1 oxy cn demand at —7
aver cd 12 and 36 mg/i respectively, indicating that a sigciificant.
resdual waste load from up :re .tin sources is carried by the river.
Tha rapid decrease iu DO level; app2ars to be the result of a combination
of factors. Part of the DO depletion was due to the resi.dual wastes
from upstream coup 1cd u!th discna-rgcs of oxygen—demanding wastes directly
to this streair reach. Perhaps m.re significant factors were the rcduc —
tion -In reacration rates produced by conditions and the
benthal dei und e::erted by sludge banks de osited in quiesent backrya crs.
The sludge deposits probably •ierc the result of both local waste
discharges and sedimentation of residual wastes from uDstream sources.
0 served DO concentrations were below 5.0 mg/i in the lover three
‘i iCS of the river on both samplIng days and on one day at RN—4. Pater
quality in the lover four miles of the river is thus in violation of
the dissolved oxygen criterion.
. 3 ocnemica1 Oxygen Demand
The Kansas water quality standards do not specify limits on
biochemical oxygen demand (B(iD). Since DO concentrations and BOD
arc interrelated, measurements of BOD can yield information on the
pote: tia1 source of DO criteria violations. BOD was measured for both
2—d. y end 5—day incubation periocs. BOD data are listed in Table VI—i.

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I I
-- — -- -
r
‘N
-
\
‘r’
I 1 . )..L.) I
I
p-Li r 9 a1 U, 1970
,
- _____
F
1
.! 2_74 .
flai zrz2!:
,.-
— -
J
7 6 S
F R I’IILE
3 2 1 0
Figurc VI-1. Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations
7
/
0
C’
C)
C)
C)
•cr
—
2
--JJ 4
0 -
r-
-L1
C)
C.
7
I —
1 1
3 2 1 0
F gure VI-2. Biochemical Oxygen Demand

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VI-4
Avera;e 5—day BOD (SOD,.) i a shoun by rive: atte in Fizurc Vi—2.
The anrage DOD 5 of 12 iag/l at Rti—7 indacated that substantaal resa&.ai
or .nic waste loads are carr Led by the river from up’strean sources.
PossTh] e sourcei of these organ.tc w tter1al a include municipal and
incuarial wastes in the La’icnce and Topeka urban areas, anlnal feoc—
tot runoff aad rural runoft. in the absence of significant waste soat:es,
BC 1 C. noald be expected to averase about 3—5 ms/i for a river drs na.nc
agricul cianl areas.’
Average SOD 5 decreased f corn 12 to 9 w 1 q/l between &‘f—7 and RU—3,
althcu!h significanc BOD loads t..’re added from a number of outfall s.
t possibte cause of reduced 11)1) lcvzal S may be cedlnentation of organsc
natcr cls as river velocities decreased in the baclc7qter from the
Nissoun River. ..‘.nother factor uhich could contribute to the decrease
in mc.asured BOb 5 aas the possible presence of toxic materials which
could inhibit the biochenical ondation of organic materials and
interfere t7Lth SOD measurements • Sterile bacteriological samples vera
obcained on at least one occasion from the Seventh Street Trafficvay,
hill Street Pumping flaat and Procter and ( amble Outfalls, indacatin; the
presence of materials toxic to bacteria.
Betreen 1C—3 aad the mouth of the river, BOD 5 increased from
9 to 13 ng/l. This increase was urlriarily due to waste discharges
to the lover river, compounded b7 the effects of the backwater coeds—
tiots • The high SOD at the nouch of the river, coupled with low DO
coaceutrations at this location, indicates that the snsaa River is A
significant souice of oxygen-demanding wastes discharged to the
Xwscuri Liver.

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W i -5
Ci:en.cal__Oxv;ren__Demand
Enc UlemicaL Oxyccn Dane (tOD) or a stream al:o frecL’ I x) c: —
certi at. lons. Seine Lndustr ial ,: t.e arc toxic to b tctcr L i I .IR 1 i ‘-‘-
the u LoChCmic Ll oxication of -t .nateri - us. Chemical o::idr-itsoj
of i’C’ iiastcs ray occur, howevec, v’tth the exertion of a high oxygen
Cem3nd. The LOB test does no: accaratrly evaluate potential oxygtht
denlecions under such conditions and the COD test is frequently
utili’:ed.
cau concentrations ien high tuiroughout the stream reacn with
irdividual sa ip1es ranging rrom 32 co 02 mg/i (see Table VI—l). Average
COD concentrations are plotted agair.s r vcr miles in Figure VI—3.
A era3e concentrations were relatively constant from i H—7 to Pl’i—4. The
average concentration then increasea sharply at Rh—3 to twice the
upstream COD level. A rapid cecrease in concentrations then occurred
bect.aen 1 ,1—3 and the mouth of the river.
The sharp increase in COD levels at RN—3 ;as apparently the
result of waste discharges f corn outfalls between Ri:—3 and P t—5. Several
souracs discharging high COD wastes, including the Twelfth Street Sewer
?umping Plant and Santa fe 2aiiroad Yara Pumping Plant Outfalls, arc
lcca;ed in this reach. A lack c’ lateral mixing s ould account for the
acsence of any significant COD tacrease at BM—4. The decrease in COD
in the lower 3 miles of the river may be due to sedimentation of t:as e
materials coupled with some exertion of oxygen demand.
The average ratio of BUD 5 to COD concentrations for each scnpir.
station is showh in ‘igure Vl—3. Variations in this ratio reflect

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V I
cr m cs in COD conccnLratioa and are s r lar to ch -mges . .n BOD ] c c S
as ‘Io rn in Figurc VI—1. T ic lou BOD /C3 J ratios a e indicat vc of
zhe ;r s a ce c iv atcria1.s Loxia to biolo Lca1 activity.
TotaJ._Orr anic_Ca:bc
Total or5a c carbon (TOC) coact.ntr ions are n indication of tha
theorecical i axiti um carbonaceou. o ygcn dcr’arLd re rescnted by tue
total organic ma tcr r resent. A? shown in Table VI—1, TOC concentra—
tionc rac ed from ii to 13 rig/i. Tha : i hest avera c values ‘erc o arved
bet ecn P 1—3 and 1 N—5, corresponding to t’w presence of waste
discharges.
L. OTHER Pi- YSICAL M D CREiiC L CHAr ACTEPJSTICS
on-Filterablc Solids and Turbid jy
Coacantrations of non—f ilzc rable solids and turbidity read ngs
1 renodaratly nigh enccr ag the stream reaca surveyed an& then
decreased sub3tantialiy moving dc nstream, as showa in Figure Vi —4.
Siace non—filterable solido contribute turbidity, these two parametcrs
be expeetec to e::rubit siriilar 1 ehavior.
The hic h levels observed arc typical of streams receivinc surface
runoff from agricultural areas. The decrease in solids and turbid tv
in Lii reach s .indicative that scai ents carried in suspension
‘acre settl ng -Li-i tn slower currents of tne deeper backwaters.
O cerved w . ter te cratures rar-ced from 22.0 to 27.0°C. (71.6 to
3 Oi. ) Avara e Lemperaturcc c eaced by about 3.0°C. (5•4O ) bc cen
R1—6 and u:—i.

-------
701
o J
3C
H
1’ ’\ I
/1
I
i CO /
:i
I

-____ - - -___ -—
-
\
\
\
‘1
-.
,‘
- 1 ______
7
R YEii Ii E
.3 2
I (
C.3 ;:
CD
-•‘ —‘ f—i
FigureVl-3. Chemical Oxygen Demand Relationships
IVEa ; IiLiI
Figure VI-4. o -i-?iiterab1e Solids arid Turbidity
C J
I
I - -I
1:1
‘-3
‘-3
j J ‘-
L)Ld
120
E1 r

-
. - LOU
>4 1
E-4
-, .-.
z
o ;
rJ)
9C )
>4
E-4 1
,
oO
40
20

-------
tTfl —
V.L
T e t 3Xi iuni t /nter terrmeralure observed was well below the
of OOUF snecifiod in cue Kanw “tter qt alizy standnrds. Sincn tac
torperature readiocs ere ta :e 1 t d.rt: g the early •itorning hours, Sis tLlj
higher dci.ly maxnum temperatures prob.Lbly occurred during the survey
period. -
Ter’nerature increases are lirntad by a r.arra;ive criterion in
the Kansas vatar ual ty standards.
Tenneracure levation, by re ch of scroa’t and/or ceason of
year, wi thin the river shall be controlled so as not to be
dctn neztta1 to I i’ u life or other establisnea uencricial use”.
The e ationa1 Technical Ad’-ibory Connittee has recommended tnat
te-nperature increases due to t1u artific al addition of hcat be linited
0 (12)
to no nore than 5 ii for warn water screens • The zcvtperaturc
, 1r cr€ase through the reach str’iayed app roxima ted tL s recommended lircc -
Part of the lncrcase tias prooaiiy due to the fact that the shallower
waters upstream from the reach cooled more overnight then the scaters
naar ;rie river mouth. Induscri- l cooling ‘raters and heated wastes
discharged to the reach also caused some tcmperature increase.
Although the observea water tenreratures did n appecr to be in
viol tLon of standards, tcnpcr.’._ur increases approached recownencLci
lirits. To provide suitable limits on temperaturc elevations, the
stcidards snould be revised to aclude a 5°F limit on tenperature
incr3asc above natural tcmpecatures. The provision allowing the :ra:nmur
tarr2ature lim it to be excc kci ‘ocu s,,acial pernission s gran ccci
sh uid be deletud as terlperaturt:s should not be allowed to e::cc2cl L:ILS
vaire.

-------
v - C
Irc nn__Ion__Potcnt..La1 (ri;)
A hy ro cn ion poLential (pH) rau; 6.5 to 3.3 .i specif cc
in t e Kansas uarc ua1ity andards. Observed p11 valacs (se2 Table
VI—1) were on the hi i: side of i.a range and slightly exceeded tna
upper unit at t o stations. These t o violations, at BN—7 and 23 — ,
were ao irent1y tae result of f ctcrs ipatream of the study area. T’ ;o
disc .arges of nigh ñ1 w .izteo located betvcer R —5 and N—4, aDparencly
1 -ad licle affect on p11 values in tnc river.
ecific Conductance
‘l:ic specific conductance measurctient iS a rapid means of de cr
ir Lrg approximate total d1s3o ved soLids concentrations. For most
atcrs, dissolved solids concen t tions average about six—tenths of
specific conductance values.
Specific conductance v lue ; qere relatively uniform at all sta ons,
ith average values rangir -g froni 851 o 880 microinhos. - Total d sso-ived
solids concencra ions are thus about 500 me/i. This level of d sscived
solids corresponds to the uo cr iiimit of desirable criteria for public
iate: supplies specified by the U.S. Public Health Service Drini ing
Water Standards . Some ind .istrial uses may require high levels of
treatmant to ut li . e a water sup’Dly with this level of dissolved
SOi.es.
C. 3ACTEr .IAL CONC NTP ATIOi S
The ansas water cuality ‘3tanda:ds sr ecify the follo -ir .g l. .aiits
en total coliform conccr. atioas rL at rs utilized for public watcr
5L’ l1CS or body contect recreaion:

-------
V 1—9
‘The objective for coiJorn baccux: shall be lest than 20.uCO
per 100 ml sainnle at tI’e :)Dttlt or intake for oublic wato.. 5L ) 7
purposes. Th1’s quai t, ould 10 C be confused the nurj ej
of coliform organisne res2r.t. dur ing surface runoff, sinca at
suc h time they may be prnLr ly soil ornanisms not irtdtcative
of cc v,atc or \;asLe pollutson. Th c’a de’ngnnted for body
contact recuL-itton, the o jtcti1ie br colsion. bacter a c5ntrol
is esLablibbod at L ess titan l,C00 coliborm bacteria per 100 ml
S arc i c ’.
There arc no public t 4 ater sup ly intakes located in the loner
scvek. ta 1es of the Kansas River. t o body contact recreation areas have
bee-i designated on the Kansas River. It therefore appears that :h ra
is no coli orra cr terton appflcaDse Ito tac Loner Kansas River.
in streams draining agcicultural areas hi h total coliform
concentrations frequently occur duri :e periods of surface runoff. Suca
nirrs concentrations zrw-ay or tray not be indicative of heasti tlazacds,
de.cnd ng upon tne source of SUC 1 bacteriological pollution. Tha
: anscs criteria apparently do ÜOL opply durtng periods of surface
runoff. Also the critana specify “objectives” rather than specific
lin-L;s on colif on concentrat ons. The .Zansas coliforn criteria do
not provide adequate protection for designated uater uses.
The nresence of fecas coL Eorn in a water body is considered
to e a oo icve indicator O s rccaat IecaJ. conta nnation tron t’arm—
blooded ana-tals and man. The National Tccnnicai Advisory Cotrnttec ha
eco . 1cndec thaL monthly antnnc;ic averages of feed coliforn concen—
trations be less than 2,003/100 —ilflhiters (iC) in ‘Iaters utilated

-------
(L”)
for taoltc v:Lcr tuppl LCC. - . The Co”na tee recon’,anded that all
we tees be p:otcctod for zc’ncz a L recreational usc by isnatant. evcra;c
f&.cat cofliorr co-.tcentration’ to I ,CuO/lu0 ml and ‘nannwa concentr.zt Lens
to 4,000/tOO ml eacept in spoci lion n .flflg aajacent to o 1 tfat’ 3.
For 9r1.-”ary contac. recreation ‘ ‘atcrc, focal coliforn con:ontracsoai
motH be united to a nonchl 1 oc attn of less than 230/100 at nta
no acre than 10 percent a! Un sanvles in any month exceeding 400/100 C.
To provide aaqu te protection for designated water uses La the
Lansas River, the bacterial cr1 tone should be revised to a fecal.
col±for’a basis arid lanits co-nparable to the above reco imendationa
Mooted for public water sup lj anC body contact recreation uses • A
Unit applicable to nfl othet aaters not designated for these tVO tLCS
should be adde& to provide pro c ect ion for general recrcanon uses.
recal coliforni concentrations were aeasured at all river stations
except K&—5 during the Sapteabe : 9 and 11 enplmg. In addition,
all stations except fl—C and Kit—S tare sampled for Lecal coliforn nd
fc.cal streptococci on Septeabo: 28 ad October 5 and 12. Bacterial
data are listed in Table Vl—2.
Both fecal colaforn and facet strevtococci concentrations were
high at all stations • Water quality was not suitable for either public
qat a r supply or general recreataoa uses • Fecal coliZorra concentrations
tare bel a’ the recoi-nenc!ed m a x ban Lnit for general recreational
cse in only five of tnirty c.arTles taken.
Avc.rage ‘acteraal conceatca:ioas sncrcased rnr ; downstrca—
as alien in Zig re VI—5, raflecting the effects of pollution sources

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PJ3LE ‘I—2.t L0C jca1 Dita
\f .1
.i’ior L 2 c ol
Sit c” i] c S u
co:’iforrn
!‘ ‘ /100 :‘d
S Lrcplocor c .
flpiç/j_3(j
2 9/09/70
9/11/70
.‘i2 / 70
10/05/70
10/12/70
9/05/70
9-fL1/70-
9/28/70
10/05/70
10/12/70
5/09/70
9J ul70
9/28/70
10/04/70
10/12 / 70
13,000
.300
5,100
6,100
3 ,030
8,995
—‘ / r\’—’
r L’ ‘
32,000
3,703
13,000
15,000
9,749
1,330
2 ,300
4,900
46,000
5,230
3,3C0
2,500
60,000
7,912
2,400
1,500
20,003
4,160
./09/j0 O’ j
9/11/70
0
1
9 / C ) / 73
9J ul70
9 / 28/70
10/U5/ 0
10 / 12 / 70
,5u0
22,000
9 ,950
L.j03U
35,330
72 ,C00
10.,003
12 ô00
10,033
9,030
4,200
4,400
30,000
22,000
13,200
5,300
4 ,100
42,000
9,700
i
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‘ /L - 12
TArLE Vi- 2. ——5ac ccr. c ,j c;ical Dn r,I——Coptipued
I ’cca .
Scat • en
:‘avor Data nf C ”1iCor i
t?trcpLc)cc):c L
r :i/ 1 cu
6 9/00/70
9/11 / 70
9/28/7o
± 0/05 / 70
10/12 / 70
7 ‘9/0r/ .fl
0/ 31/ /0
9/2 $/70
10/05/70
10/12/70
r-. C rjr
¼nS L UI ’J
5,203
6,10 0
4 , ‘tou
3,500
32,000
1. , GOu
1 ,...iOu
55,000
7,240
0: 1 3,591
4,7 1
K R- u
‘P1”’
5,500
3 Ut ,
)
-, ,
8300
- i _i ,000
‘) ,ut.
‘3 JC’
U ‘ in
U : :’ , 5
rq
ljflj
. ‘hj__ .,
0 [ C
3 g
36,003
& lt = Ceoracric liean
-------
J J
a
U
> L C
C
o ju
H
oO
0
0
- -,.- _)
0
o ,—
o
H
‘i ace Vi—5. - 3 3netr1c dean, Maximuxn dfld Minimum
acteriai Counts
•1 f
I
I
—
I, —
—-—. ,•,,‘_—- - _- .. i
‘u_c 1
I I
I
I
—— —— I

:
—
I
7 6 3 2 1 0
7’
1’•’
0
I 1
I — I
I I I
r I
- - 4 I I
J I
I
Ii
dT E: roCcCCI
I
r
I
IC
CI
B
L -
TjJ1E ?. ‘EELs
3 2 1 0
-------
“ 13
i t t m reach. Facal scrcj- 1 toc3c’s ccacentratjons ere much abo\TE.
o October i_ as a result of lncrLesad streat fsotj from u’mtrea’ r3CLT —
tac o”t.
1). DLI4TliOS AND SL)Ci LTT afAFACE fSTjCS
3ottom s a m es ; ere col lccc.x! C L e tcn of the ezght sasupling
SCcitsCflS ‘ ith a Pceerson D:eoRc tac. d ie nunbLr and kit -gAs of hottcn
assocLaLed organists (ber.tlsos) evaleated. The balk of the bc: tnos
collected cre slud;at orms CT 5iiicidac) which are consiciered
inuicators of organLc pollucion La.1 )rasdnt in Large numbers.
Sludgeworns iere nrescnt in iarge numbers at both RE—U a c m
Fi —l, PJ:—2 and r I —4 only li .’x cd nurabers of sludgeworms were found.
Oche: forms of benthos %Jere a;seut. These conditions t ere indicatl- ’c Of
c i a trecence of toxic rnacernls n the river and/or bottom sedimentc.
The numbers and kinds of benthos co lectec1 at 1 1—6 and R21—7 were
inciicative of internadsate vare: Guc.licy.
BOttoLt Sedinents
Gas bubbles ucra observed cL i the uater surface in the lot er
five miles of the river, adica ng cant S2Dtic conditions were preec:-:
n tne sedinents. ‘lnen the szc1ia mts tare disturbed in this a:ea,
large amounts of gas Lubbles eE’±tcin& a nydrogen sulfide odor rose to
surface. Sediments collected ac rci—l, LC—2 and RN—4 contatncd
noticeable amounts c oil. 2c L 1 —6 and 2E—7, the sediments were
-------
UT - it
j’r!naniy sind nsth t ao tilt .‘iA d L not have 5C.tti c odorc • C cs
bubbles ucre not observed in th is araa.
The Kansas water quality °t..adards include the buoying narrL vs
lsnLt on solids:
‘Thcre saafl be no man -macrn depocits of solids in tno r..ver,
a.: .ar organic or mor a ic, which tall be detrimental to
eataolished boaeficiai. cc&’.
The sludje daposits Sn cite lo we: river originate peSnaeily frcc’
ms.csvadc. waste sources. The septic conditions are detrnantal to use,
of chc ri ,er for aaaigqated ‘aunoses • Vacer çuality conditions arc
cl aus in violation oZ this c:±te . ion.
!cgulations estabL ished pursuant co thc
Act oE 19/0 ozonibit dischargcs of oil winch
emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface
Oil preocat in bottom sediments of the lower
acts.
?atar Quality InDrover.ent
.cause a sludge or
of the water” 1)•
river violates chcse regula—
Cnaatcal Cnaracteriscscs of Sedi aon..s -
Bottom ted mont saziples taken on Septambar 11, 1970, uere cataLyzed
Zor o:ganac carboa, organic aitrogcn and total phosphorus. Analy ical
results are presented in Table VI-3.
0rgan c carbon levels pto vessivciy increased moving doTms t.rean
Leon —7 to i—4 • A olLght decrease occurred at rtl—3 and then a ar
.ncre,se to thc peak value of 3.19 percent at P14—2. Organic carbon lavelt
at .C-l and K*-3 tcrc com arab1 e. to chose at 101—3 and 101—5. Orccnic
nitrogen a C total jCiosphorus let t b increased and decreased betwoca
scanons in the sane manner as orgatic carbon. Peak organic nitrogen
-------
v r I -,
L BLL VI—j.——Sc o. rccit Data
Ort ’aic Total
______________________ i’itrogen Phosphorus
KR—O 0 1.0) 0.12 0.06 o /3
KR—i 1 i.3d 3.1! 0.06
2 3.19 ‘3.22 0.12
1.$i 0.17 o.
6,
4 2.OS 0.21 0.10
KR—5 5 1.2w 0.15 0.08
KR—6 0.70 0.03 0.05
7 0.Lf 0.06 0.04
Note: A1 valucs are in c cc dry ieight.
SarnpllrLg date — Septern er ii, 1970.
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arLi tc ta1 pL.o ioru ‘jaILt05 of f.22 c ad 0.12 por :t iso occur:c’d ‘ IL
_‘•\, ,)
r k—..
!‘t P —2 and ! i—4, ch: .a1 ch of the scdipicc ,
typical of oartial.L, stzL) L12 1 ’- s and or an c tmths (7
Scdi ont ciiart .i . z o L: ’ r ioc .ion ierc 1rLd1caL ve of a
grencer degree ot ct il at on tn :cL1 ;La 1l1zcd scd - cn ‘7

( co aiiicd front ±oc ±dons ‘ L EC COnd.LtiOnS 7cre obsecvad.
Paai organic levels occurred a s .orc di cance dow .streara fro n the
iar r organic uaste d scharg s.
The tart .al. y cab!iizcd co:,di_ioa o ottori sedi iients is oss. diy
the rcsul of ternittant backwaier conditions rjhich occur ia
tris io ’e: river. During back :cr ariods, sludge deposits arc buLL
uo sedi- entatior .. of organic L’aterials. Ihesc deposits activcl7
decc . oosc but are not replaced durin: frcc_floring conditions ihen
no bac1; ia er exists. The scdin : .ts ca: thus become stabilized to a
greater decree tnan f ricz .:.atiori ooi: plac conc.nuously.
2. TUf K CItEFI: TXrER QLi\LTT C3 iDlTIC?’S
The Kansas watar cjuaiit:, toncia.rds provide that:
All yaste d scaar cs to :r c cributaries of the 1 ’ ansas River
ali be coarrolied so thaL fio’13 to the river uili not reduce
chc c ual..c i of TTatcr ii aia 3te t, Kansas lLwor beyond t-
iimitq of estsbl c e cc:i Tri uti.rics shall additionai1-
be co tro 1 d so that r b ±c hz ’lth hazards or nuisance CLc Ons
i1l not de eioo within trihucar-’ streams or drainaga C015C5
‘- tar 5 COfl UCCCd CIüy £‘t the noi
of 2uc zcy Creek, corLdLticri5’ o vec the recorir aisancc 3 .. r1Ta
-------
ci 1 1 t lo ’cr n 1 tciIcs of the c 2L.. src±ca C d Ltic; nuicance COnC I LL
clau c-:s:,t c’. CVL(LC’flCCd by 4 m c nsc stucgc deposiin.. 1.1w, fccai C L - cr ’
conc.unttaLlons (5,500 LC ,2 0 ,CiC pc: 100 ml) cieatLrcd ct the crce.
raouL;’ ‘ ate h’ gh encug.i to iadicrt.: that a nu lic haalth hazard c ;Lb.
in a; leasz the lo ‘or reach or Z.lcl crcei . Water qua1 t, sa Tuzk:y Cconit
is thus in v lolaLicr. of estabi s:cd stanci rds. A detailed source s vcy
is a2ectcd to dece:.-ir .e the naqrjtiidc a cl characzenstics of d schar 1 ac
fto t the 2 ’ outfalls cWCfltOTi C du nn; cric field reconno.sssct Lce a: cLThj
otoc: nollution sources L the nkev Creak drainage area. ! cwwrononsivc
pollution abatenenc Drograra is nec ed for nis drainaga area.
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V Ei -1
G-IAPTLR VI I. :C’UitCEs OF PCLLUTIO;c
&. :fg’ J 7 ( ; C0:P, F1CYS
?r or to 193C, large \‘o1u ’es of zntraaced flutflflfl&l a;Ld i;d23171- L
-astc- wore d1sch rr3d to the Loer C nsas Kr.-er. A waste source :L VLfl
cory orepa ud for the Ju ne l9 .t) Ilealins listed 29 nunicipal seT;er
outCdlls servii a po u1adca of 5,000 c’iid £3 industrial outthlls
d sc’..rg ng wastes t’ith an ertin’tsd oLpulation ’ ec ,usvalent 01 6 )3,G3C 1
The inct scriel easces u ire irThc ai1y tnosa associcced t utu inuat
1 )ackin , the ira:sufacturc of soap and a!l:ed produc.s, dairy and food
v rocassing 4 and oil rcf ning.
in addstson to the &ovc t ,a te d scharges, donesac sewage and
nLaustrial wastes fro residanc!c’l, conncricai si -id indu.trlal areas
totasl nc , about 5,CC0 acrcs sn Kaa as City, Missouri, were dischar’ed
to tha iCansac River at about PLI—2.5 via tha Turtey Creek Set cr. This
—se ’e a- Iso car-ned el-fluent irc” s e-trcat:-’enc plants serving a
DCfl.lation of a 1 iout 60,033 !ceac ad _n ±(ar.sas conritunities south cf ha.-ses
City, Kams s. The eharacteritn:Lcs aná sioiui e of pollution discha:gad
fro m tLLC Turkey Creek Scte- t ei-c highly vuxiable and ware largely
depecLccat upon the volume of szcr’t wa er present. :!easurencata inthca.sd
thsz thE. topulation equ valen: of the sewer discharge ranged frcn 0 .2
to 1 ,0 ml) lion ui h an average of about 0.5 nillior...
As a tesult of the 1963 S’.’ sa 3 a tar et date of Januarq 1, 1967.
as ‘mratflshad for connectiou of- 3lL -aste disehar er to ac :east
i-’r:a:y traste treazr 1 enc acslicsc . “ number of v;ascc. sources i r u cL I:
cns schedule. Ocn3L •-:3te smrces arc s l1 aot raceivin reaw t.
-------
.r j,’ Inctor concrlbuLh-ic- to the --,- -rsnrr ii r 1 ’ nF r7 ‘ -rn r
deir en i-a5 occLrreci 1. a :tenc±r&a LC nsac City; Kansas, !nLar.’e- cur
t.C en, a o t ic ndustri. ti aLe ;s.
A ikijOt raduct on in pollttirin of c: u Lo •ar lImsas River ‘a;
achL....vcd by t113 d ursio , of tcc Turkny Creek Setet f b i to a xCansas
CsLy. uis.. ouri, rru ary traacra: L. ?nL on the Uir.sour l flivar. Otbci
Ja3’( so rccs ha m al o been oa;iectcd to Ictasas U ILy . i’aasas, SE”CCS.
S .ec ,-tl ‘ asLc scuLde 0 , ir cludin; 2. large . ‘cat psck nz plant, have
C2dS2C o7erntions.
The June 1957 ‘Plan of Lzo1c cczztion for Water Qualicy Cc,:rrol
aria Pollution AbateneLlt. forr±u ittcd by che Kansas StaLe Board of
Mcaith as part of che water rrualic standards, does not list an;
inaastries on the bo-rer aiiSC3 ::Jvar d5 needin improved trea ment
iaciiities S). The irap1e nc :tntion Can also lists only tvo municipal
“ iste treatwent facilities on the Lo-rer Kansas ftiver. Lalce Quivar2
a 1568 connnancc date, ha-: corc:letea Lhe rcqu red prinary
crcac’ cnt plant. Kansas C Ity, Rcnsss, t;as scneduled to coatplece lntar—
canto:’ scuers along the Kansas Pivar by 1573. This cor pliance dete
has cot bean net, as not all of tba intarcootors have been construc;cd.
;:. POINT 50L2.ChS_01 ’ POLLUTIGI T
A cctai of 15 oon-c aourccs of poliul ion tiara selected for
£r’TasLigacjon in the 2ourcn dn ’ey. These sourr,as :Lncludcd mn c 3 o;
se ors, j,ndus trial outfalis, co,rhincd 5a1;e,. s and Turkuy Crec :. Sin
c i o c sourcc u-it cc. ’duatcd Sept.’ mbcr 23 and 0ctc cr 5 and U.
L2d t onal bacccr-1a1 se-n ;’ Ling a: eve-al sources t 3s also corapleteL J n
t:-e stre tine sran.
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vi: 3
rhyncoi. and ehcri .zn chn-:c; C’ js ics of tne variocs rascc ;CL:tJc
liscd 1fl Tatla Vli. -L !3 Leris1ogiea data are Listed in. lerLL..
\ ii- •2. Fro’i hccc d. Ca is —va’ 2nc. tL&t t LC mcc nLtudc and anacacL :-
IStIC.] of ccc disehaises snne)Lu a e ht’3hly ariabtc both ‘,ich rss c::
to tivL ac a sivc n ccurcc End baL -ecr .]OtflCCs. Sirr.iiica:Lt ponoL :- aL
cna:acccrast cs of each sotcec a n \rJola:Lons of ap :licab1a iaLc’r
c ual Lv standa-c$s ara discussedi in thc. ko!lo nng sections. Soutcas
are c&iscrssed b; screan LocatLor& nov c. ia an Upscrwim saqucncu.
LseaCc ris of the po11ut on so rccs and ScL:flh;flng poincs arc 5flQ T fl in
c2 urE V —i in Chaiter V
Shavuec Avenue Pu’ pnc Plant Cu :fai 1 ( 5 c cLon Kit—tOO Pi<—2 4 ” )
The Shawnee ‘rvenuc Putipinc, Pianc ottfali d schargcs to cbs !an as
five: from the right (west) L nh r itd—2.43 just downstream from the
: Zaa5as City Terminal Railroad £ri.3e. Th:s outfall no : al1y discha:ç,es
—by ,3ravicy, but -dunag :dgh . atar -periods the- .iunp tg- stat-ion,- wnich-
s c inedi by Kansas C ty, Kansas. lifts the flow fimn this combined
SV,:Ct over the flood levee.
t the tine oi the survey, this ou fa l ccried wastes from
the Scandard Pandering Co ipany. The volu: e of iastcc dischar cd was
less than 100 gallons car itincte (;pm) on. the two occasions when chlL.
source as sazrnlcd 0 As shown _n Taola fl—i, a be B O 5 and CCu oZ
this -c aste dischar;:e vere conpare:3ie to scram; domestic se;agc. j:t:
and :eass conceatrat 3ns nn e non - 12 o ra3/1. Observcd f caL
co1ifc -n and focal streptococci concantra: ons on t’zo occasions ucrc
-------
Table VT.I-L Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Pollution Sources
- - - . 00 5. C:,r.o l,o l ‘ 7 - •,, - 3.. ..,.,‘, .. , -
6 “ C l 65 1 c 1 6
1 4 / 1 /1 ‘ I — — —
751-19-3 $t .’3$r20 :oi-.o4.:st,z 9.0 9/20,75 5-51 ‘.1 2175 572. 237 11 0 957 0) 66 7 251 79 .02
10/1 .5/27 9959 7.1 1947 700 106 79 7.5 /9 04 2 43 ,.‘ -
9915100 5\:rOcy C ite S lLoo,-,lon Su:,r.ci lLtio: 3.0
977
3.6
4:2
4.1 9175/70 0330
10/03/70 1645
-44 9/23/70 0370 31.4 7933
10/62/79 10.4 9.9 - 1950
5.0 9/74/77 . 0 02
9/75/70 — 0965
10/95/75 2250 16.1
10/27/70 3070
10/1’/79 3 )9.3 9,3
5.2 9/37/70 .3474 7.6
7/77/50 0120 . 0.0
10/33/7711100.1
10/12/70 037
0.0 10/0 1/40 .
70/75/20 1523 7.6 079
0.6 7/20/70 0532 7.7 1125
9/50/25 091.0 6.5 20/
10/037 0 1075 7.7 1103
10/33/30 0353 6.6 - 800
6.1 9/75/50 0715 7.3 . 10/5
10/03/70 105 : i. ooo
10/17770 0950 7.0 1070
10/00/70 1407 7.0 1070
10/35/77 13 7.1 1130
8.5 10/02/90 0745 - - 506 .
10/12/70 0730 7-7 903
162 76/.
471 730
09,230. 1700 5800 100.0
2,750 520 52.0-
1.0
31.0
20.0
1,912
060
3.6
20 60 0.0
55 210 1.5
2.. 2
11 13
7 12
1 1 - 21
-17 42
4 6
1 .1
06 125
37 151
106 215
9/77/50 7 70
1570:272 DOeS
10/l2/72 0770 7.3
9/20/72 01:’.
10/07/72 0’ 10
90/17/70 0 . 5 77
.37
2 1 .73
20 .28
14 32
42 0’
- 41 18
7/ - .71 .02
39 9., . 2 . . .77
10 29 62 .30- . 7.
9/37/2 :3 7446
.90/030/7 1715
60/77/70 6110 7.6
6 60
16 24
3 6
1.0-10? , - Seventh Ot t 0 ’ TrSi.’lcway 0310311
.9475163 Se ,c:,t4 Street 0ew r (Set/all
44-907 ‘ Tenth 9:Ccet’ 0 5’-eee 4e10 619
554—103 5:711 570101 .0un:ping 02a,tt
0,111311
477-2O3-74,(f:,’ Sueco: 2-e ,r 0e:-otvg
01-1)1 0,111,111
951-107 Sn :t , On ,i.tLieveS 03 :5,
8’.n.pt. 3’10r,1 76:0611
KS -LOS 6345’ 4:16.:, Flood Ott’ Oee1ell
374-109 Osa - Aver:, 76 :9.1 :7 Oia:t 0 / il -
46.55 55 - Drool , ,,’ 0 ,6 O.,441e
122-111 7 :1 0c c 1:/usInjol Sls l:iet
174—272 900o7 06 0-0.:yv364
1 121-107,5 Thvo,;,::-7’..eyva od
7340
1002
912 3t,
1003
930
203
0 ’ l
10
70
62
14
17
279
297
320
126
250
- 36
- 49
38/0 . 2 ,900 5 - 36 6,4 - 11.2
64.5 ‘5 1,100 66 00 1.1. •2.5 -
-3 •.69 .64
15,1.00
305 4 03 1.15 .5-
210 79 750 11 3.5 . 7 6 ’
00 5 us. 10 74’ 3.25
7 13 - 15 0 1 50. . 07 . 91
15. 1 1 - 20. 46 5,75
19
10 70 . 13 . 51 .20
3 .79 5 -.07 .53
17 3 49 3 .67 . 02
70 85 - 90 .01 .73
15 59 179’ 9.10 .12
22 1-37 , 54 0’ > 2.0 .20
46 07 .05 - 0 0
92 00
6 - 24 C i .0 : 1.25
17 60 16 .07 .11
2.0 30
20
.62 11
.00 0
.05 41
2.10 73
2.00 162
:72 00
471—9124 Th0v7tn:-0a vae/ 9/2020 0750
90/05 720 (010 7.5
10/12/75
04-113 9 ,55 ,5 t51 :, 9’ 6133 920 05
1 7 0- 1 9 1 0et” ’ ’ 125’, 1,6,100 070
1120
1 - 2 .27 9
4 7 .19 18
9
50 100
10 67
10 -
-3
n
- p .-
17
-------
Table VI -2. Pollution So rce Survey Bacteriological Data
vn-5
3.2 9/20/70
9/20/73
10/05/70
13/05/70
10 / 12/70
10 / 12 / 79
3.6. ‘9/28/70
10/05/70
10/12/70
GM 469,000.
CM 271,800
2,609,000
99930
103. -1.04 ‘Oenth SIreet, Seuer Cutfali
Ki1 -105 501.1.1 •Steeet Pumping Plant
Outfall
4.2
10/12/70 0810
4.1 -9/28/70 ,, 0830
9/28/70 1215
9/29/70 0915
9/30/70: .,,0925
10/05/7,0 ‘0754
10/05/70 ‘. 1145
10/06/70 1000
‘7,900,000
5,000,000
200,000
1,800,000
<1..
160,000.
3,300,000
140,000
GM 104,200
2,200,000
2,000,000
980, 000
2,600,000
<1
770,003
5,600, 000
300,000
181 900
CM = Geoe,ttrjc Mean’
Ruice
Ontc cf
Fccel Coliform
Fecei. 3tr1 eteccct1.
Sj rjru Ouurce’ l1ilc
Scmo1.inr Tlmu 80 1 3/ 10 0 .
.
icr/ I oo ml.
700,000
1,350,000
77,030•
2,300,000.
s60 ,000
210,000
2,2(30,000
600,003
3,400,030
9,430,003
70 4,900
6 ,800,300
24 9/28/70
9/28 / 70
9 / 20/70
9 / 30 / 70’
10/05 / 70
10/06 / 70
3.0 9/28/70
9/20/70
9129/70
9/30/70
10/05/70
1.0/05 / 70
10/033170
10/12/70
10112/70
10/13/70
Ya -100 . SLeuciar6 Rcadlring aaree
CR- 101 TurOry Crock. Divcr ion
Tunnel Outlet
KR—i02 Sevtnth Street Trafficway
Outfall
KR-lOS Seventh Street Sever Outfall
22,000
2,000,000
160,000
63,000
730,000
800,000
4,200,000
3,500
55,000
670,000
0900
1255’
0935
0905
1155
1015
0845
1235
1013
.0935
0315
1210
1030
0450
1110
0840
0340
1230.
0310
1210’
0550
1100
‘0900.
0920
0820
3,700
1,000,000
84,030
(31,,
15 [ ),0C0
1.80,0 00
26,000,000
2,200
25,000
130,000
3,500,000
5,200
8,000,000
l,200,0Q0
1,730,300
13,000,000”
GM 1,253,000,
<1 ,•
4,000
2,500,000
GM , ‘p-- 2,154,
2,703,000
2,400
1,8 0 1 . 4300
650,5 8.2
30,000
50,000,000
569,500
30,000
3,300
23200,000
60,150
2 1 4-10 0 , TwclSth ‘Street Sever Pumping
Plant. Outfal l
4.4
9/29/70
0910
:‘
2,800,000.
920,030
9/30/70”
.0920
‘
4 500,00O ’
$60,003
10/00/70
0950
.
290000:
350,000
10/13/70 ,
.0305
‘ ‘
‘ 10,000
190,000
GM
437,200 -
468,000
-------
Table \7II—2.
Pollution Source Survey Bacteriological Data (continued)
VII— 6
5.5 9/28/70
9129/70
0/33/7 0
10105/78
1 0/05 / 70
10/06/70
10 / 12/70
10/17/70
10/13 / 70
0735
1 j43
0335
.L 305
0725
0325
0535
0745
0955
G M 8,447
70, 000
170,000
280,000
56,000
410,000
400,000
50,000
76,000
56,000
GM 116, 100
5,200
<1
600
60 •
7,100
600
20,000
400
3,000
500
GM 628
59,000
750,000
280,000
1,500
30,000
1,000; 000
60,000
140, 000
75, 000
50,000
94,850
9,000
7,577
22,000
37,1 .30
85,090
17, 0001
P
74,000
50,000
65, 000
25,000
40, 330
/ , o0 J
(1
2,300
• 7,150
0, 00
• ,,o0u
43, 000
100
• 9,000
500
1,314
56, 000
2,400, 330
250,000
50, 1 :0,1
910,000
95,000
85,000
76, 050
570,000
560,000
214, 600
h vcr
0;nc
u,T
Pocal
Ooliir,rr,
1$c:cal
St y’
‘S -cocc I
i n , ’ CC’ n’rcc Mii.c
Sn”;lti;;; 2 1 cc 11011/105) ml
11 411/S OC r d
5 .0 9/So/So
9/20/70
10/0 6/ 10
5 . 1. 9/2.9/ 50.
9/50/. ? 0
10/05/50
10/08/70
10/1 3/70
2,900
54 000
00, 1 (10
I SO , 0 0)1
40, 000
7,000
6,000
32, 000
1,200
701
57,000
55r,, 1,’ ,’ )
2(,C ) , ( 0, ’)
4, 7 3 1)
5,500
5,500
40,000
6,000
0050
01140
004 0
‘1750
0 8 1 ,5
0 335
1 .110
0933
0555
1155
0825
0050
0720
1055
0815
1005
0740
- ,117 CC - nt :, 10, Ct:,C. lro.,ci mcdii
: ; Oln,:e ()L,C0.3 1 i
5 17 —.C 116 1,4,85’ A’jcn,,c l’I.,:od Once
Ou l lali
51CC-COO D eco Avenue ilnuping 1’ionc -
• Outfall
16 K -l OOK Proctor and Ganole
KR-I l l ‘Turner Induscriol District
5.8 9/28/70
9/35/70
9/29/”0
‘5/50/70
1. ( (/0 5 / 70
10/05 / 70
10/06 / 70
10/12/ 70”
10/12/70
10/12/70
6.1 0/2 2/70 ’
,9/28/20
9/29/70
9/50/70
10/05/70
10 / 05 / 70
10/00 / 70
10 / 12 / 70
‘1.0/12//0 ,
10J13/70
0715
11 3•0
.0820
0755
0620
1035
0840
0950
.0735
:1K- i 123 2’’a:rnson 11oyward
8.5 10/05170 • 0945
1,000
-------
VIi-7
Table 111 -2. pollution Source Survey Bacteriological Data (continued)
Sca;-,ce
RJ’.’ ’r O’ttc or
M i l e . Sam:,1jn
Ft C O I l b S I. jotril
;o/ 100 ml
Fetal Sec , ‘.eaocci
11).’:;! h O al
CM 1,069,000:
11 3 -113
K,ntai;
City,
Kansat
521’ #6
•
9/20/70.
0040
3, 000,000
553,000
.
.
9/26/70
1120
4,500,000
-
900,000
9/25/70
03 10
2,600,000.
Oh i O, 1 1,0
9/00/10
0800
.
3,400,000
040,030
•
10/05/70
05:15
7,700,000
560,000
10/05/70
0950
6,400,0CC
1,100,030
10/12/70
0500
7,500,300.
733,000
10/12/70
0930
7,000,000.
950,003
10/13/70
1045
8,600,000
720,000
.
C X
5,369,000
771, 600
101-114
Quivera
Lake
Eseatcs
STP
9/23/70
9/28/70
9/29170
9/30/70
10 /05/70
10/05/70
10/06/70
10/12/70.
10/12/70
10/13/70
0525
1055
0605
0625
0703
0940
0915
0340
0920
0710
160,000
1, 700,000
1 ,400,000
960,000
730,000
3,700,000
3,500,000
120,000
5,700,000
720,000:
250,000
2,000,330
310,000
600,030
440,030
1,41 3,00O
1,700,000
7 3 ,00 0 1
3,100,030
350,000
623,400
-------
v 11-8
typical of.domestic se ’age. The effluent. had a blood—red color ih:Lch
discolored a small area of the river. A grease scum was visible on the
river surface 0
if tiie observee waste aiscaarges from tuis source are typical
volumes, this outfall contributes only a small pollution load to the
river 0 However, the source should be connected to city sewers to
eliminate bacterial pollution and unaesthetic conditions
On the basis f BOD 5 , the pollution load fromthjs source had a
population equivalent (PE). of 800 0 Of the 10 sources saiipled for BOD_
this source contributed only O 5 percent of the total BODr load measured.
The COD :Load discharged was only 003 pe cent of the total: nieas rad at
seven sources.
Turkey Creek Diversion_Tunnel Outlet (Station i —io , a r—
This large tunnel, located oii the left (south) bank of the Kansas
River about one—half mild d o nst ream from the Seventh Street Bridge.
carries the entire flo of Turkey Creek 0 . The stream flow consis s of
surfach runoff from a drainage area of, about 24 square mlle , the
effluents from several municfrai waste facilities providin secopdary
treatment, stdrth sewer discharges, some minor amounts of industrial
wastes, and other pollutants associated with a watershed which is
orimarily urban and suburban.
During the samaling periods observed strea uf1ow wa e tImated tb
r uge from 17 to 33 cfs i? Ci,. re cd froci .5 to’ 28 r e/i Mear c J
cL. . om conce trat on (27 , O0/lCC rjj) ‘crc about 0 ct- es the ‘Lc. a
values observed in the Kans as River 0 On two occasions focal coliferm
-------
vII-9
count chatacteristic of ‘untreated.sewaje were mea ureç1, indicating
some bypassing of sewage may be occurring in the watersheth
Due to the large ‘volume of flow, Turkey Criek is & significant
jource of BOD loading even though BOD 5 in the stream is much lower
than typical ! ‘ soüràes. Turkey Creek contributed about 7 • 5 ptcent
of the total B ® 5 load ‘measured,. The, average poll ztion’ i!øad carried by
the stream ha4 a PE of 12,000.
The avenge number’ of fqcal coliform ‘organisms carried b* the
Tàkey Creek flow would ,be adequate, ssuming complete i4ztng with
the river ‘.flot , tq produce fecal coliform concentrations in the loWer
‘three miles the Kansas’ River ‘In excess of recom ended ::facai colifôrm
‘limiS fOi public water :supply and general reâreation uses’ even if
no coiiform orgwtLsms wart’ initially prescut in cite fl r flow. Turkey
Creek is thus’ major source of bacterial pollution. ‘,
A récomäissance ó potential ollut$on sources along ‘.tlie lower’
“‘‘five miles. of: Turkey Criek indicated ‘that there are a total ‘Of 24
municipal waste effluentsb industrial effluents and torm drains in
this reach. 7. . iaste source, survey is needed to’ detirminè ‘the magz4tude
aiid characteristics of poflutl.oti sources tà provide the basis for
developing a pollution abatement program for the Turkey Cfreek watershed.
Inmiediate pollution’ abatemex t ne ds ‘ai é a ztduction in BODt discharged
“ ‘to the streóa; cbloriiiatiov of’ all wasêe effluents and eliminatiOn of
all bypassinj of’ untreated sewaje. Pr ient witer quali “conditions
‘in Turkey Cr ek are, invi. latiou of’ Kansas wdtei btandards as,
discusicd in hapter .
-------
VlI-iO
S vonth Street_Traf2icway Outfall (Statjo KR 1O2,
About 160 gpm of ’ domestic sewage are discharged from dhis outfall
on the north bank of t e river uat downstream from th Seventh Street
Bric ge. o samples were taic.on for enenacal analyses of this Giscnar e
Fecal coliform and focal streotococci concentrations were ind catzve
of strong sewage. The highest single sample values for bo h coliforms
and streptococc:L observed during this survey were obtaiined from this
source. The SOD loa from tius source was not evaluated but shouid oe
minor, This sewer should be connected to the Kansas Cit sewerage system.
Seventh Street Sewer Outfall (St:ation KR- lO3,_R 3 , 6 L)
• This outfall discharges a flow bE less than 50 gpm . tb the river
from the. south bank just upstream from the Seventh Street Bridge, Th
nature of the source is unknown. The outfall is made up of twin 48
diameter concrete pines which could indicate a storm or cQ1 ibined sewer,
Obse:cvcd.bacterial concentrations were highly variable, One
sample indicated the prdsence of untreated domestic sewage: Any
sanitary sewage discharg d to this o itfall should be connected to the
city •se er system, The BOD load from this source was not thbasured but
would be minor due to the low flow volume,
Hill Street_Pumping Plant_Outfall (Station KR-l05. RM 3 ,8R)
This pumping plant is located on the north. ri &er bank at the end
of Mill Street, Discharge from this combined sewe•r is by gravity
excent during floods.
Observed w ste discharges ranged from 10 to 320 gpm. BOD was
characteristic, of •strong.sanitary sewage.. Bacterial concentradions
-------
vu-il
- icre highly variab .e, angin fr less than _th detectable limit in
one amp1e to a high of 5,000,000 fecal coliforms per 100 ml. Tue
ab3ence of bacteria in the one sample uas indicative of the prcscnce
of toxic materials. No chemical analyses other than BOD uere performed
on this discharge.
The BOD load discharged by this source had a PB of about 6,000 and
constituted 3.6 percent of the total BOD load sampled at 10 sources.
Sources of sewage discharged to this sawer should be connected to
the Kansa& City sanitary sewer system.
Tenth Street Sewer Outfall (Station Kfl—i04, 1 _ 4 • 2 L )
This small (12” diameter) outfall, owned by Kansas City, Kansas,
discharges a flow of less than 50 gpm.to the river from the south bank
about one—fourth mile downstream from the Twelfth Street Bridge.
£ actcrial concentrations in this discharge were characteristic of strong
domestic e a e: Although ncstsampled, the BOD -load -from-this—source
should be minor. This sewer should be connected to the Kansas City
sanitary sewer system.
Twelfth Street Sewer Pumpir .g Plant Outfall (Station KR—106, RN—4.4 1 ’ )
This combined sewer facility, located on the north river bank
upstream from the Twelfth Street Bridge, operates in the same manner
as the Mill Street and Shawnee Avenue Pumping Plants. Observed flow
ranged from 400 to 600 gpin.
The characteristics of this waste discharge were highly variable.
cost significant was COD which ranged from 2,750 mg/i to an extremely
high 19,250 mg/i. This COD load alone, which averaged 88 percent of the
-------
VII-12
total COD load sampled at seven sourcec. would increase average COD
concefltrations in the Kansas River by 18 mg/i. BOD 5 was also high,
ranging from 520 to 5,800 mg/i. The Bob load had a PE of 116,000
which was 72 percent of the total BOD load sampled. Oil and grease
concentrations ranged from 1,100 to 2,800 mg/i. This source discharged
about half of the oil obcerved in the survey. Bacterial concentrations
ind catcd the presence of sanitary sewage. It is evident that thi&
outfall is a major contributor of oxygen—demanding wastes and oil and
grease, and also contributed to bacterial pollution.
Sims Barrel Company, an industry which cleans and salvages used
barrels, is located near the pumping station. The storage yard of this
industry is located adjacent to the Kansas River. Residual contents
of the salvaged barrels, which originally held materials such as anti-
freeze solutions and pesticides, are flushed into the river by way of
the Twelfth Street Sewer.
The practice of discharging barrel washing wastes from Sims Barrel
Company directly to the river should be discontinued to eliminate the
discharge of hazardous polluting substances. All wastes from this
industry, including surface runoff from the storage yard, should either
be discharged to the city sewer system for treatment or receive a
high degree of treatment before release to the present outfall.
Appronriate pretreatment should be provided to reduce the high oxygen
demand of this waste and remove or neutralize all toxic materials
Lefore dibcharge to city sewers. If treatment is provided by tee
indu&try and the effluent discharged to the Kansas River, the treated
-------
vII-13
cf 1uent should be essentially free of oil and arcase and should have
a ;nean daily BOD 5 and COD of les:. than 10 and 20 mg/i respectivcly.
Concentrations of hazardous polluting substances in the effluent .hould
be reduced to less than the 96—hour median tolerance limit for
representative aquatic life. If sanitary sewage is discharged to this
treatment facility, the effluent should be chlorinated.
In view of the volume and characteristics of the Twelfth Street
Se zer discharge, the sewer Should be surveyed to determine if other
waste sources contribute to this pollution source. Appropriate treat—.
r ent or connection to the city sewer system for treatment should be
provided for any source identified.
The Twelfth Street Sewer discharge is in violation of Kansas
water quality standards, the Refuse Act of 1899, and the oil pollution
regulations issued pursuant to the Water Quality Improvement Act of
1970. If enforcement action is initiated against this source under any
of tnese regulations, additional water quality data and other evidence
will be required to document the violations.
Santa Fe Railroad Yards Pumpin Plant Outfall (Station
A combined sewer, owned by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe
Railroad, discharges to the river from the south bank just upstream
from the Eighteenth Street Expressway Bridge. The outfall is near the
downstream (east) end of the railroad’s large yards in the Argentine
Industrial District.
-------
viI-14
Pollution dischar zed by the outfall originates from the foi1owin
sources:
1. Surface runoff from the yard due to precipitation;
2. Untreated discharges of scale and grease removing so1ution
from the cngine repair shop;
3. Engine washing wastes. Strings of five engines are subjected
to a 12—minute wash cycle where the bodies receive an acid
wash and the trucks receive an alkaline wash;
4. Discharges from a tank—car washing facility;
5. Spills from a refueling facility;
6. Untreated sanitary sct age.
Observed flow from this outfall is about 200 gpm during dry
weather. Discharges of oil from the outfall were observed on August 27,
and September 3, 4 and 18. Characteristics of wastes samples on
Septenü. er 3 and 4, 1970, are shown in Table VII—3. Other waste data
are shown in Table Vu—i.
The railroad wastes are characterized by high oil and grease
concentrations (35 to 15,400 mg/i), moderately high COD (1,060 to
1,940 mg/i), high total phosphorus (38 mg/i) and pH ranging as high as
12.2 Hexavalent chromium was present in toxic concentrations in
several samples. Bacterial concentrations were low for sanitary
wastes as a result of dilution by other wastes and/or toxic conditions.
The oil discharged from this source was about half of the total
oil discharge observed at seven sources sampled for oil. The BOD load
was not measured; however, the COD load was about five percent of the
total load in this survey.
-------
TABLE VII—3.—--Characteristjcs of r iiroad Yard Wastes
Oil and Chroriiurn Total
Specific - Crease Hexavalent Phosphorus
Date Time pH Conductance Turbid y mg/i mg/i mgi ] . _______— Remarks
9/3/70 Ô545 7.0 692 270 399 1.25 22.4 Cloudy brown color — light
foam — high in suspended
matter and light gasoline
odor.
9/3/70 0645 7.0 772 130 167 0.25 33.2 Same as above.
9/3/70 1115 7.7 912 560 566 0.40 25.2 Sar e as above.
9/4/70 0530 7.6 743 45 35 0.20 1.20 Cloudy gray color iith faint
- gas and kerosene odor.
9/4/70 0630 7.8 872 49 lii 0.20 1.20 Same as above.
9/4/70 1010 7.7 836 65 114 0.94 2.00 Same as above.
9/4/70 1].4O 12.2 10,900 230 829 1.60 14.4 Very dark black color with
tar like odor.
H
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vII-16
The discharges of oil and other industrial wastes from the railroad
yards are in violation of Kansas water quality standards, the Refuse
Act of 1899, and oil pollution regulations. Initiation of an enforce-
ment action against this pollution source has been recommended by the
Missouri Basin Region Water Quality Office.
Thc Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad has engaged a consulting
engineer to develop plans for abatement of all pollution from the
Argentine yard by July, 1971. As a minimum, treatment facilities
provided for this waste source should provide essentially complete
removal of oil and grease and should reduce BOD 5 and COD in the effluent
to a daily mean of less than 10 and 20 mg/i respectively. Neutraliza-
tion of high pH wastes and chlorination of the effluent should also
be provided. Oil removal should be provided for all storm water runoff
from the yards.
A more desirable alternative would be to divert all wastes from
the yards to the city sewerage system for treatment. Pretreatment for
oil removal and pH neutralization should be provided.
Ruby Avenue Flood Gate Outfall (Station KR—108, l N 5 .lL )
This large combined sewer outfall is located on the south river
bank about 200 yards upstream from the Santa Fe Railroad Outfall.
Observed discharges ranged from 600 to 1,240 gpm.
Observed BOD 5 , COD and bacterial concentrations in the outfall
were comparable to weak sewage. Concentrations of oil and grease
ranged from 11 o 46 mg/i. The characteristics of this discharge
indicate possible dilution by infiltration or storm water.
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VII -17
The ROD 1nid.. wi rh P nf !Th mr 1 1 flflfl A 7
o1 ne totai. uu ioaa sampica. inc uuu and oil loads Uisctlargcd uerc.
both less than two percent of their respective sampled loads.
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe RaLiroad operates a settling
pond and oil flotation unit on the west side of Strong Avenue. The
facility is reportedly hydraulically overloaded. Waste streams from
the yards can be switched from the railroad t s outfall downstream to
pass through this treatment facility before discharge to the Ruby
Avenue Outfall.
It would appear that I hc Ruby Avenue and Santa Fe Railroad Yard
outfalls could be considercd as one source for developing pollution
abatement measures. The recommendation for eliminating pollution
from the Santa Fe Railroad Yard Outfall also applies to the Ruby
Avenue Outfall.
Osage Avenue -Pumping-Plant Out-fall (Station KR—109, N _ 5 . 5 R )
This outfall is located on the north river bank about one—half
mile upstream from the Eighteenth Street Expressway Bridge. A large
flow ranging from 11 to 14 million gallons per day (mgd) was discharged
from this outfall.
The BOD of the discharge was a low 13 mg/l. The BOD load, with a
PE of 7,000, was about three percent of the sampled BOD load. Bacterial
concentrations were indicative of dilute fecal contamination. This
pollution should receive additioflal investigation to determine the source
of fecal contamination and to evaluate what pollution abatement measures
are needed. -
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VLI-18
Procter and Gamble Outfall&
Two outfalls, owned by Procter and Gamble, are located on the
north bank just upstream from the Turner Drive Bridge. At 1 _ 579 R
(Station KR—11OA), an outfall discharges plant wastes to the river.
An outfall discharging boiler blowdown is located at m ,i_s. 87 R (Station
KR—hO). Only the plant waste outfall was sampled.
The plant waste discharge averaged about 2.3 ingd. BOD 5 was low,
ranging from 17 to 78 mg/i. The BOD, COD and oil discharged from this
source were all less than one percent of sampled waste loads. Nean
focal coliform concentrations wcre a low 628 pcr 100 ml. The avcra e
quality of this effluent was comparable to water quality in the Kansas
River. Potential treatment nceds for this pollution source should be
evaluated when effluent requirements are established for other sources.
Turner Industrial District Pump Station Bypass (Station KR—ill ,
- —This l-8”--diameter outfall-,- located on the south bank upstream from-
Turner Drive Bridge, serves the Turner Industrial District to the south-
west. Wastes are intermittently pumped over the levee through this
outfall. The estimated discharge is about 0.5 to 0.7 mgd.
Observed BOD 5 , COD and bacterial concentrations were comparable
to weak sewage. Phenol concentrations were significant, reaching a
maximum of 865 micrograms per liter. Oil and grease concentrations
ranged from 20 to 100 mg/i. The BOD load, with a PE of 5,000, was about
three percent of the total sampled BOD load. COD and oil were less t an
one percent of total waste 1oad . If practicable, this waste discharge
should be connected to the city 3ewerage system for treatment.
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vII-19
Alternatively, the waste _ h ou1d eceive a ni iti m_pf secondary treatment
with oil removal and chlorination of effluent.
Thompson—Ha ard Uaste Dischar .c
Three sampling stations were established at this industrial
complex on the south bank of the river north of the Santa Fe Railroad
yards. Effluent from the industry enters the river by way of a small
creek at (Station KR—112A). The creek drains a marsh adjacent to
the river. Plant wastes are discharged to the marsh via two pipes across
4 .
Speaker Road. A small detention pond is located within the industrial
complex. Wastes are pumped from this pond across Speaker Road through
a six—inch diameter pipe (Station KR—1l2) by a portable wheel mounted
pump. The pump is apparently operated intermittently when the sump
fills. This discharge then diffuses into the marsh and eventually
reaches the river via the outfall creek. The second pipe (Station
KR—112B), a ten—inchdi m t r dor ugatedmetal pipe, apparently conveys
boiler blowdown into the marsh.
Drainage from the marsh contained significant COD (36 to 49 mg/i)
and some oil. The volume and COD load of the marsh drainage was about
equal to the combined discharges of the two outfall pipes. The COD load
was about two percent of the total COD load sampled. These industrial
wastes should receive adequate treatment before discharge to the marsh
or the river.
Kansas City, Kansas Sewage Treatment Plant No. 8 (Station KR—113, 1 .... 99 L )
‘I
This small primary treatment plant discharges to a small intermittent
stream at Inland Drive and South 59th Street about one—fourth mile from
the Kansas River. Observed flows ranged from 100 tO 210 gpm.
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VII-20
Measured BOO.. of the effluent ranged frniri 61 tn lOU rn /1. t, h t h
reflected a relatively dilute primary plant effluent. Bacterial concerL —
trations were high, as the effluent is not chlorinated.
The Kansas State Board of Health has set forth a policy in its
implementation plan for the Kansas River requiring secondary treatment
for all waste sources discharging to intermittent or dry watercourses.
This plant should provide secondary treatment in accordance with this
policy. The effluent should also be chlorinated.
Quivera Lake Estates Sewage Treatment Plant (Station KR—l14, p . 1 Q 8 L )
This primary plant serves Quivera Lake Estates, an exclusive -
residential area located on the western extremity of Kansas City, Kansas.
The plant, located at Holliday Drive and 85th Street, discharges to a
small intermittent stream which flows for about two miles across the
flood plain before entering the Kansas River at 1 N lO.8 1 ’.
Observed flow—from -the plant- was about--lOO—150 gpm. —BOD 5 ranged -
from 31 to 78 mg/l, reflecting a slightly better effluent quality than
produced by the Kansas City plant discussed above. Bacterial counts
iere also lower than the above plant, but still excessively high.
This plant should be upgraded to secondary treatment in compliance
with the policy discussed above. Chlorination of the effluent should
also be provided.
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vTI-21
REFERENCES
1. Mierican Public Health Association, Inc., Standard Hethods for
Examination of Water and Wastewatcr, New York, 1965.
2. Census Bureau, 1970 Population Census U.S. , U.S. Department of
Commerce, urn,ublished.
3. ‘ Encyclopedia Britannica , 1964.
4. Executive Order 11574 , “Administration of the Refuse Act Permit
Program t1 , No. 71:5505, Washington, D.C., December 23, 1970.
5. Federal Wate Pollution Control Act , 33 U.S.C. 466, et seq.,
July 9, 1956.
6. FWPCA Official Intorim ?lethods_for Chemical Analysis of Surface
Waters, FWPCA, Washington, D.C., 1968.
7. Geological Survey Circular 273, “Water Resources of the Kansas City
Area, Missouri and Kansas”, 1953.
8. Plan of Implementation for Water Quality Control and Pollution
Abatement , Kansas State Board of Health, Topeka, Kansas, June 1967.
9. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards , PHS, tJSDHEW,
Washington, D.C., 1962.
10. Riversand Harbors.. Act of _ 1899, 33. U.S.C. 401—413, Section 407 ,
“Refuse Act of 1899”.
11. Rules: “Part 610 —— Discharge of Oil”, Federal Register , September
11, 1970, Vol. 35, No. 177, p. 14306.
12. Report of the Committee on Water QualJ y Criteria to the Secretary
of the Interior , FWPCA, Washington, D.C., 1968.
13. Transcript of Conference: “Pollution of Interstate Water — Missouri
River — Kansas City Metropolitan Area”, Kansas City, Missouri,
December 3, 1957.
14. Transcript of Hearing: “Pollution of Interstate Waters — Missouri
River and Connecting or Tributary Waters in or Adjacent to the
Kansas City Metropolitan Area”, Kansas City, Missouri, December
3, 1957.
15. Water Qua1i y Criteria for the Kansas River Basin, Kansas , Kansas
State Board of Health, Topeka, Kansas, June 1967.
16. Water Resources Data for Kansas , U.S. Geological Survey, “Surface
Water Records”, USD1, 1969.
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APPENDIX A
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE KANSAS RIVER BASIN, KANSAS
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Kansas State Department of Healt.h
Environmental Health Services
28-16-24. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR ThE KANSAS
RIVER BAS IN, KANSAS
The Kansas River basin is a triangular shaped area of 5,370
square miles in the northeastern portion of the state. The unit
lies between the Big Blue and Missouri River basins on the west
and east, and extends from Junction City to Kansas City, as shown
on the attached map. The major streams within the basin are the
Kansas River and the following tributaries to the Kansas River:
the Delaware River, the Wakarusa River, Vermillion Creek, Soldier
Creek, Stranger Creek, and Mill Creek (Wabaunsee County).
The flow of the Kansas River is regulated on upstream tribu-
taries by Tuttle Creek, Milford, Kanopolis, and Wilson reservoirs.
- --The Delaware River-,—the Wakarusa R-iver,--Verm-ili-ion Creek, Soldier
Creek, Stranger Creek, and Mill Creek (Wabaunsee County) are un-
regulated low flow streams. The concentration limitations of the
parameters and pollutants stipulated herein for the Kansas River
are selected to establish quality criteria for stream flows in
excess of 1,250 cfs at Kansas City, Kansas. Quality criteria will
be met insofar as is practicable when stream flows are less than
1,250 cfs. The natural low flow characteristics of the Delaware
River, the Wakarusa River, Vermillion Creek, Soldier Creek, Stranger
Creek, and Mill Creek (Wabaunsee County) will not support detailed
water quality criteria.
A-i
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KANSAS RWER BASIN, KANSAS
KANSAS STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
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I. Kansas River - Main Stem
A. Water Uses
The Kansas River is used for public water supply, industrial
water supply, recreation including sport fishing, agricul-
tural purposes, and receipt of treated wastes.
B. General Criteria
The cumulative effect of waste discharges to the Kansas
Rivek will be guided by the 1962 U. S. Public Health
Service Drinking Water Standards except that for substances
toxic to fish, standards generally accepted for fishery en-
vironment will be considered. Pollutional substances will
be maintained below maximum permissible concentrations
which would be detrimental for public water supplies, rec-
reation requirements, agricultural needs, industrial needs,
and other established beneficial use.
C. Specific Criteria
1. Coliform Organisms
The objective for coliform bacteria shall be less
than 20,000 per 100 ml sample at the point of intake
for public water supply purposes. This quality should
not be confused with the number of coliform organisms
present during surface runoff, since at that time they
may be primarily soil organisms not indicative of
sewage or waste pollution. In areas designated for
body contact recreation, the objective for coliform
A-2
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bacteria control is established at less than 1000
coliform bacteria per 100 ml sample.
2. Dissolved Oxygen
The dissolved oxygen of the river shall be maintained
at or above 5 mg/i. Dissolved oxygen concentrations
less than 5 mg/i shall not be due to man-made waste
discharges.
3. Temperature.
Waste discharges to the river shall not elevate the,
temperature of the river flow above 90°F. unless special
permission is granted. Temperature elevation, by reach
of stream and/or season of year, within the river shall
be controlled so as not to be detrimental to fish life
or other established beneficial use.
Hydrogen Ion Potential
Waste discharge shall not cause the pH of the river to
vary below 6.5 nor above 8.5.
5. Oil and Grease
The river shall be essentially free of visible oil and
grease. Dissolved or emulsified grease concentrations
shall be kept below levels which will interfere with
established beneficial use.
6. Solids
There shall be no man-made deposits of solids in the
river, either organic or inorganic, which will be detri-
mental to established beneficial use.
A -3
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The river shall be free of floating debris, scum, and
other floating materials attributable to municipal,
industrial, or other waste disposal practices in amounis
sufficient to be unsightly or detrimental to established
beneficial use.
7. Turbidity
There shall be no turbidity increase, of other than
‘natural origin, that will cause substantial visible
contrast with the natural appearance of the river oç be
detrimental to established beneficial use.
8. Taste and Odor Producing Substances
Taste and odor producing substances from man-made
sources shall be limited to concentrations in the
river that will not interfere with the production of
potable water by reasonable water treatment processes
or impart ‘unpalatable flavor to fish, or result in no-
ticeable offensive odors in the vicinity of the water,
or otherwise interfere with established beneficial use
of the river.
9. Color
Man-made discharges of color producing substances shall
be limited to concentrations which will not be detri-
mental to established beneficial use.
D. Tributarieg to the Kansas River
All waste discharges to tributaries of the Kansas River chall
A -4
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be controlled so that flows to the river will not reduce
the quality of water in the main stem, Kansas River beyond
the limits of established criteria. Tributaries shall
additionally be controlled so that public health hazards
or nuisance conditions will not develop within tributary
streams or drainage courses.
II. Delaware River, Wakarusa River, Vermillion Creek, Soldier Creek,
Stranger qreek, Mill Creek (Wabaunsee County).
A. Water Uses
The Delaware River and Vermillion Creek are used for public
water supply, recreation including sport fishing, agricul-
tural purposes, and for receipt of treated wastes. The
Wakarusa River, Stranger Creek, Soldier Creek, and Mill
Creek (Wabaunsee County) are used for recreation including
sport fishing, agricultural purposes, and for receipt of
t±eKt eTd as tes .
B. General Criteria
The cumulative effect of waste discharges to the Delaware
River, Wakarusa River, Vermillion Creek, Soldier Creek,
Stranger Creek, Mill Creek (Wabaunsee County) and all tribu-
taries thereto will be guided by the 1962 U. S. Public Health
Service Drinking Water Standards except that for substances
toxic to fish, standards generally accepted for fishery en-
vironment will be considered. Pollutional substances will
maintained below maximum permisslble concentrations which
would be detrimental for public water supplies, recreational
A-S
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requirements, agricultural, needs, industrial needs, and
other established beneficial use. The above named streams
and tributaries thereto shall be controlled so that public
health hazards or nuisance conditions will not develop due
to man-made discharges.
C. Specific Criteria
1. Coliform Organisms
The objective for coliform bacteria shall be less than
20,000 per 100 ml sample at the point of intake for,
public water supply purposes. This quality should not
be confused with the number of coliform organisms
present during surface runoff, since at such Lime they
nay be primarily soil organisms not indicative of
sewage or waste pollution.
In areas designated for body contact recreation, the
objective for coliform bacteria control is established
at less than 1000 coliform bacteria per 100 ml sample.
2. Temperature
Waste discharges shall not elevate the temperature of
the receiving stream above 90°F. unless special permis-
sion is granted. Temperature elevation by reach of
stream and/or season of the year within the receiving
stream or ponded areas shall be controlled so as not to
be detrimental to fish life or other established benefi-
cial use.
A-6
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3. Hydrogen Ion Potential
Waste discharges shall not cause the pH of the re-
ceiving stream flows to vary below 6.5 nor above 8.5.
4. Oil and Grease
The receiving stream shall be essentially free of
visible oil and grease. Dissolved or emulsified grease
concentrations shall be kept below levels which will
tnterfere with established beneficial use.
5. Solids
There shall be no man-made deposits of solids in the
river, either organic or inorganic, which will be
detrimental to established beneficial use.
The river shall be free of floating debris, scum, and
other floating materials attributable to municipal,
industrial, or other waste disposal practices in amounts
sufficient to be unsightly or detrimental to established
beneficial use.
6. Turbidity
There shall be no turbidity increase of other than
natural origin that will preclude other beneficial use.
7. Taste and Odor Producing Substances
Taste and odor producing substances from man-made sources
shall be limited to concentrations in the receiving waters
that will not interfere with the production of potable
water by reasonable water treatment processes or impart
unpalatable flavor to fish, or result in noticeable
A-i
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offensive odors in the vicinity of the water, or other-
wise interfere with established beneficial use of thEe
river.
•8. Color
Man-made discharges of color-producing substances shall
be limited to concentrations which will not be detri-
mental to established beneficial use.
A-8
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APPENDIX B
RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT OF 1899
(33 U.s.c. 401-413; Section 407 is referred to as the Refuse Act of 1899)
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RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT OF 1899
§401. Construclion of bridgcs, causeways, dams or dikes
generally
it sli.ill not he lawful to consi i uct or ommencc the
construction ol .my hi idge, dam, dike, or c 1 iuscway over or
in any pot I, roads te.id, haven, li .ti bor, canal, n 1 wigablc river,
or other navig.tble water of the UnhtcdE Stacs until the
consent of Congress to the building of such stn lcturcs shall
have been obtained and until the plans for the same shall
have been submitted to dnd approved by the Chicf of
Enginccrs and by the Sccrctary of the Army. Providcd
Th.it such structures may be built under authority of the
legislature of a Statc across rivers and other waterways the
navigable portions of which lic wholly within the limits of a
single State, provided the location and p 1 atis thereof arc
submitted to and approved by the Chief of Engineers and
by the Secretary of the Army before construction is
commenced And pro;’tded further. That when plans for
any bridge oi other structure have been approved by the
Chici of Lnginccrs and by (lie Secretary of the Army, it
shall not bc lawful to deviate from such plans either before
or after completion of the structure unless the modification
of said plans has prcyiously been subnuttcd to. and rpcciycd_
the approval of the Chief of Engineers and of the Secretary
of the Army.
§403. Obstruction of excavations and filling in of
navigable waters generally; wharves; piers, etc.;
The creation of any obstruction not affirmatively author-
ized by Congress, to the navigable capacity of any of the
waters of the United States is prohibited; and it shall not be
lawful to build or commence (lie building of any wharf,
pier, dolphin, boom, wcir, breakwater, bulkhead, jctty, or
other structures in any port, roadstead, haven, harbor,
canal, navigable river, or other water of the United States,
o$side established harbor lines, or where no harbor lines
have been established, except on plans recormnendcd by
the Chief of Engineers and authorized by the Secretary of
tltt Army, and it shall not be lawful to excavate or fill, or in
arty manner to alter or modify the course, location,
condition, or capacity of, any port, roadstead, haven, canal,
lake, harbor or refuge, or inclosure within the limits of any
breakwater, or of the channel of any navigable water of the
United States, unless the work has been recommended by
the Chief of Engineers and authorized by the Secretary of
the Army prior to the beginning the same.
§ 404. Establishment of harbo lines; conditions to grants
for extension of piers, etc.
Where it is made manifest to the Secretary of the Army
that. the establishment of harbor lines as essential to the
prcscrv.it ion and protect ion of hiarl nrc lie in.iy. and is,
an thioi iicd to c.iiise snUi lines to bC c c l .iW i l icd , bcy 111(1
which no piers, whaivcs, bulkhcad%, or olhicr woiks Ii.;hl hc
cxicndcd or dcpo its made, except tinder su hi rcgul.uiumic
as may be prescribed front time to time by him I’,ovided,
That whenever the Secretary of the Army grants to any
pcr omi or persons pcriiiission to extend piers. wharves,
bulkheads, or other works, or to make deposits in any tidal
h,irbor or river of the United States beyond any Jiarbor
lines established under authority of the United States, he
shall cause to be ascertained the amount of tidewater
displaced by any such structure or by any such deposits,
and he shall, if he deem it necessary, require the parties to
whom the permission is given to make compensation for
such displacement either by excavating in some part of the
harbor, including tidewater channels between high and low
water mark, to such an extent as to create a basin for as
much tidewater as may be displaced by such structure or by
such deposits, or in any other mode that may be satis-
factory to him.
§406. Penalty for wrongful construction of bridges,
- piers,etc.;removalof structures - - - — - -
Every person and every corporation that shall violate any
of the provisions of sections 401, 403, and 404 of this title
or any rule or regulation made by the Secretary of the
Army in pursuance of the provisions of section 404 of this
title shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on
conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceed.
\ irig $2,500 nor less than $500, or by imprisonment (in the
case of a natural person) not exceeding one year, or by
both such punishments, in the discretion of the court. And
further, the removal of any structures or parts of structures
erected in violation of the provisions of the said sections
may be enforced by the injunction of any district court
exercising jurisdiction in any district in which such
Structures may exist, and proper proceedings to this end
may be instituted under (lie direction of the Attorney
General of the United States.
§407. Deposit of refuse in, navigable waters generally
It shall not be lawful to throw, discharge, or deposit, or
cause, suffer, or procure to be thrown, discharged, or
deposited either from or out of any ship, barge, or other
floating craft of any kind, or from the shore, wharf,
manufacturing establishment, or mill of any kind, any
refuse matter of any kind or description whatever other
than that flowing from streets and sewers and passing
therefrom in a liquid state, into any navigable water of the
United States, or into any tributary of any navigable water
(33 U.S.C. 401-413; Scclioii 407
is referred to as the Rcfusc Act of 1899)
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from which the S.II1IC sli.iIi flo.i ( or bC w .uslicd multo siuth
n.lvig.iblc w.itcu, .ind it sh .ihl oat be I , yfiil_ to_deposit, or
iusc, sul icr, or ocurc to be deposi led 111. 11cm i .iI ifi ,iny
kuuid in ny pl.ILc on i he b.i nk ) •uuiy ui.ivuj’.uhle w,i icr,
vhci c (lie s .iuic ch.ill be ii .ihlc 10 be w.i lictI uuulo sudu
i uvig.ihie w.ulci , cuilici by outhiu.uy 01 high I ides, ou by
(ot ins am Ilmiotis, or ol hicrwusc, wiici ehy flaVlg .iI loll Sli,lli or
ntiy bc 1fl1 1 )CdCd or obstitictetl /‘ioi•iderl• 1 li .i I uiol lung
hei c m con t.uuued shi.ihI cxtcuit to, .ipply I a, or proliilni t he
OpCr I louis iii COululcel 11)11 Wi Lii I hiC 11111)1 OVCII1C fl I of fl .lVi—
giblc W.iteu s or Coulsi r lic(uou 01 works, Couisicicrcd
necessary and pm oper by the Uuiiicd States offucci simper-
visitig such improvement Or Public work; And ro vsdcd
J rI/ier, That the Secretary of the Army) whcncvcr in the
judgment of the Chief of Enginccrs anchorage or fl .ivig.itmon
will not be injured thereby, may permit the deposit of any
material above mentioned in navigablc& waters) within limits
to be defined and under conditions to be prescribbd by
him, provided application is made to him prior to deposit-
ing such material: and whenever any permit is so granted
the conditions thereof shall be strictly complied with, and
any violation thereof shall be unlawful.
§407a. Deposit of debris of mines and stamp works
In places where harbor-lines have riot been established,
and wherc deposits of debris of mines or stamp works can
be made without injury to navigation, within lines to be
established by the Secretary of the Army, said officer may,
and is authorized to, cause such lines to be established; and
within such lines such deposits may be made, under
regulations to be from time to time prescribed by him
§408. Taking possession of, use of, or injury to harbor
or river improvements
It shall not be lawful for any person or persons to take
possession of or make use of for any purpose, or build
upon, alter, deface, destroy, move, injure, obstruct by
fastening vessels thereto or otherwise, or in any manner
whatever impair the usefulness of any sea wall, bulkhead,
jetty, dike, levee, wharf, pier, or other work built by the
United States, or any piece of plant, floating, or otherwise,
used in thc construction of such work under the con tiol of
The United States, in whole or in part, for the preservation
ind improvement of any of its navigable waters or to
•prcvcnt floo ls, or as boundary marks, tide gauges, survey.
ing stations, buoys, or other established marks, nor remove
..for ballast or other purposes any stone or other material
vomposing such works: Provided, That the Secretary of the
Army may, on the recommendation of the Chief of
Engineers, grant permission for the temporary occupation
or use of any of the aforcmentionpd public works when m
his judgincnt such occupation or usc will lint l)C uilmurmous in
— (lie public interest
§ 411. Pcui.ulIy for wrongl ’iil deposit of refuse . usc (if or
iiij lily to ii,ii liur inipi oVemneiiis, .incl oli’,l mu mu of ilavi—
gable v.i I cm gciiei .ully
I vciy person ,intl every corpora I mu ih,it shall vmol,i Ic, or
I h.i I shah I k iiuwiiigly aid, abC I, iiul hon,c, or nism igi IC a
Viot,i(i ui of Ike provmsuouis of sectionS 407, 4 08, .ind 409 of
tins tulle shall be guilty of a mucdcmc .inor, and on
conviction thereof sli,ui I be Ptiilishcd by a hoc not cxcccd .
iiig $2,500 nor less than $500 or by imprisonment (in the
CilSO of a natural person) for not less than thirty days nor
more than one year, or by both such fine and imprison.
mcnt , iii the dcscrc(ion of the court. One half of saud finc
to be paid to the person or persons giving information
which shall lead to conviction.
§413. Duty of United States attorneys and other Federal
officers in enforcement of provisions, arrest of offt nders
The Department of Justice shall conduct the legal
proceedings necessary to enforce the provisions of Sections
401, 403, 404, 406,407,408,409,411, 549, 686, and 687
of this title; and it shall be the duty of United States
attorneys to vigorously prosecute all offenders agaunst the
same whenever requested to do so by the Secretary of the
Army or by any of the official hereinafter designated, arid
it shall furthermore be the duty of said United States
attorneys to report to the Attorney General of the United
States the action taken by him against offenders so
reported, and a transcript of such reports shall be trans.
nutted to the Secretary of the Army by the Attorney
General;- and for the better enforccmricnt f the said
provisions and to facilitate the detection aria bringing to
punishment of such offenders, the officers and agents of
the United States in charge or river and ham bor improve-
ments, and the assistant engineers and inspectors employed
under them by authQrity of the Secretary of the Army, amid
the Uiiited States collectors of customs and other rcvcnuc
officers shall have power and authority to swear out
process, and to arrest and take into custody, with or
without process, any person or persons who may commit
any of the acts or offenses prohibited by the said sections,
or who may violate any of the provisions of the same
‘rovidcd, That no person shall be arrested without 1OCCSS
for any offense not committed in the presence of some one
af the aforesaid officials: And provided flirt/icr, That
‘hcnever any arrest is made under such sections, the person
;o arrested shall be brought forthwith before a commms.
ioncr, judge, or court of the United States for examination
)f the offenses allg gcd against him; and such commissioner,
udge, or court shall proceed lnrespect thereto as authoized
) law in case of cnmcs against the United States.
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APPENDIX C
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11574
Administration of the Refuse Act Permit Program
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