United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Municipal Environmental Research EPA-600/9-78-005
Laboratory May 1978
Cincinnati OH 45268
Research and Development
&EPA
Liners for Sanitary
Landfills and
Chemical and
Hazardous Waste
Disposal Sites
-------
EPA—600/9—78—005
M y 1978
LINERS FOR SANITARY LANDFTT.r g AND C IICAL AND
HAZARD JS WS E DISPOSAL SITES
by
Sylvia A. Ware
Gilbert S. Jackson
Ebon Research Syste ns
Silver Spring, Mary1ar 20901
Contract No. 68—03-2460—4
Project Officer
Robert E. Lai reth
Solid ard Hazardous Waste Research Division
?vtinicipal Envirow ntal Research Laborato
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
I4JNICIPAL E Vfl ME2sJTAL RESEA1 H IORAiORY
crFIcE cP RESEA H AND DEVEILPMENT
U • S. VI MEN AL P1 YTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
-------
DISCLAIMER
This retxrt has been reviewed by the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publica-
tion. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and Exlicies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or cc nmercial products constitute endorsement or
recat mendat ion for use.
ii
-------
FOREWDRD
The Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing
public and government concern about the dangers of pollution to che health
and welfare of the American people. Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled
land are tragic testilTonies to the deterioration of our natural environment.
The ccznplexity of that environment and the interplay between its canponents
require a concentrated and integrated attack on the problem.
Research and develop.ment is that necessary first step in problem sol-
ution, and it involves defining the problem, measuring its impact, and
searching for solutions. The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
develops new and improved technology and systems for preventing, treating
and managing wastewater and solid and hazardous waste pollutant discharges
fran municipal and community sources, for the preserving and treating of
public drinking water supplies, and for minimizing the adverse econamic,
social, health, and aesthetic effects of pollution. This publication is one
of the products of that research——a nost vital caluhiunications link between
the researcher and the user community.
This report lists sanitary landfills and chemical and hazardous waste
disposal sites and holding ponds lined with some form of impermeable mem-
brane. Also included is a brief evaluation of three methods for excavating
a fill to retreive a small portion of liner for laboratory analysis.
Francis Mayo
Director, Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory
111
-------
ABSTRA C
This report lists sanitary landfills and chemical and hazardous waste
disrx)sal sites and holding ponds with some form of impermeable lining.
Liners included are polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinyl chlor-
ide, Hypalon( , ethylene propylene diene rr nomer, butyl rubber, conventional
paving asphalt, hot sprayed asphalt, asphalt—sealed fabrics, and concrete.
Sites lined with treated soils including conpacted clay are also listed.
A brief examination is made of three possible methods for excavating
a solid waste landfill to r iove a small piece of liner for laboratory study.
These methods are: use of the dragline, the backhoe, or the caisson. The
methods are briefly described and compared as to suitability, and a prelim-
inary cost comparison is given.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract No. 68—03—2460—4
by Ebon Research Systems under the sponsership of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The report covers the period July 1977 to October 1977,
and work was completed as of January 1978.
iv
-------
CONTENTS
Fore rd. . • •
Abstract . iv
Figures • vi
Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Metric ConversionTable .viii
Ac l nts • ix
1 . Intrcx5uct ion . . . .
2. Conclusions and Recommendations. . . . . . . . 3
3. Lined Sanitary Landfills Accepting
Municipal Solid Waste . . . . . 4
4. Lined Chemical and Hazardous Waste Disposal
Sites, Lagoons, and Holding Ponds . . . . .26
5. Methods of Excavating a Fill to RemDve
a Portion of Liner. .49
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Appendices
A. Manufacturers, fabricators, suppliers, and
installersof liners 78
B. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
regional offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
V
-------
FIGURES
Number Page
1 Alinedsanitarylandfill 50
2 A dragline . . . . . . . . . . 52
3 Typical working ranges for cranes and draglines. . . . 55
4 Co arative functional design elements of the
draglineandthebackhoe. . . . •0• •••• . 61
5 Hoe digging ranges . . . . . 63
6 Theclamshellbucket . 64
7 Caisson excavation — the dry process . 69
8 Caisson excavation — the wet process 70
9 Straight and belied—out shafts for casing . . . 71
vi
-------
TABLES
Number Page
1 Typical Dragline Excavator Dimensions. . . . . . 53
2 Several Comparative Performance Characteristics
oftheDraglineandtheBackhoe . 54
3 Theoretical Hourly Production of a
Dragline Excavator. . . . . . 56
4 Minimum Nt.nther of Days Required for a 3/4 CY
Bucket, 90°Swing,Ratingof 35C1/hr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5 Minimum Costs of Dragline Operation, 3/4 CY
Bucket, 90°Swing,Ratingof35CY,/hr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6 Minimum Number of Days Required for a 1 1/2 CY
Bucket, 90°Swing,Ratingof 65CYi’hr. . . . . 59
7 Minimum Costs of Dragline Operation, 1 1/2 CY
Bucket, 900 Swing, Rating of 65 CY/hr . . 59
8 OptionalCostofScaffoldirig.... . 59
9 Daily Rental of Diesel Tractor, Dozer, Crawler . . . . 60
10 Theoretical Hourly Production of a
Hydraulic Backhoe 65
11 RentalFeesfortheBackhoe. . . . . . . . 65
12 Maximum Reach and Depth for Variously
Sized Hoes . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
13 Minimum Number of Days for Excavation
Using a Backhoe . 66
14 Cost of Caisson Operation/Linear Foot—
Concrete Poured, Casing Removed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
15 An Indication of Variation in Costs for Drilling
a 48” Diameter Shaft to Various Depths,
Concreteat$35to$60/cy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
16 An Indication of Variation in Costs for Drilling
a 60” Diameter Shaft to Various Depths,
Concreteat$35to$60/Cy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•. . 73
17 A Comparison of the Three Methods of Excavating. . . . 75
vii
-------
METRIC C VE1 ICt I TABLE
English
unit M
etric equivalent
1
mu =
0.0254 nm
1
in. =
2.54cm
1
ft =
0.305m
1
1
1bfft
yd 3 =
4.88 kg/an 2
O.765m 3
English units are used in this report, as they are cannonly used in the solid
waste industry in the United States.
viii
-------
ACKNC*’ LEDC 4EI’ 1TS
Ebon Research Syst ns gratefully acknowledges the assistance of our
Project Officer, Mr. 1 bert Landreth, Solid and Hazardous Waste Research
Division, U.S Environmental Protection Agency. We uld also like to thank
Mr. Allan Geswein, Office of Solid Waste Programs, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. We are also indebted to the many manufacturers, owners, and
operators of landfill disposal sites across the country; such a survey s uld
not have been possible without their cooperation.
i x
-------
SEC I 4 1
INr1 )DUCTION
Installation of an impermeable liner in a solid waste landfill to prev-
ent leachate fran polluting ground and surface waters is a relatively recent
developlEnt. The use of such liners to contain hazardous materials has a
longer history, h ever. A number of laboratory studies have been conducted
simulating field conditions in a solid waste landfill (Haxo, 1976), but
little is kn n of the long—term effects of exposure of liners to the many
physical, chemical, and biological processes taking place within the land-
fill. The Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division (SHWRD) of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency has funded studies of several years duration
to examine the performance of various lining materials when exposed to either
decx*riposing municipal solid waste (MSW), or to leachate fran hazardous slud-
ges. Though much has been learned from lysi.meter studies, SHWRD is interest-
ed in examining working liners that have been in operation for nore than six
years to determine ha well different liners have withstood actual operating
conditions.
Accordingly, the purposes of this report are three-fold:
1. To identify sanitary landfills and chemical and hazardous
waste disposal sites and holding ponds with an impermeable
lining.
2. lb describe these facilities briefly.
3. To provide a cursory technical and economic review of three
possible techniques for excavating a fill to renove a small
portion of liner for laboratory examination. These tech-
niques are the use of a dragline, backhoe, or caisson.
Throughout this report, the term “liner” is used to describe a variety
of materials that can be installed at the base and around the perimeter of
a sanitary landfill to prevent leachate fran entering ground and surface
waters and to impede lateral migration of gases across the fill before vent-
ing to the atrrosphere. Some of the materials included in this definition
are manmade, including: polyethyl ne (PE), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE),
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Hypalon R , ethylene propylene diene nonaner
(EPEt4), butyl rubber, conventional paving asphalt, hot sprayed asphalt, as-
phalt sealed fabric, and concrete.
Various treated and untreated soil mixtures have also been utilized as
impermeable linings for sanitary landfills. These mixtures include c acted
1
-------
clay, pure flontmDrillonite, mDntnorillonite mixed with concrete, bentonite
with an added polymer, and various other commercially available products.
For the purposes of this survey, landfill sites with a clay lining are only
included when the clay is installed and compacted at the base or perimeter of
the fill. Therefore, this definition excludes in—place clay unless excavated
and compacted before construction of the disposal site.
Section 3 lists lined sanitary landfills accepting MSW and Section 4
gives lined sanitary landfills, lagoons, and holding ponds that accept a var-
iety of chemical wastes. Wastes excluded from Section 4 are radioactive
wastes, brine, and sewage sludges. Both sections are organized by region and
State.
Section 5 contains a brief review of the three possible construction
techniques and should be considered a very preliminary examination of a com-
plicated engineering problem.
2
-------
SECTION 2
CX)NCLUS IONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Most of the sanitary landfills identified with inpermeable liners are of
recent construction, a few are 5 years old or itore. Liners have proved nore
popular in some States than others. States with a greater number of lined
land disposal sites include Pennsylvania (asphalt, polyvinyl chloride, butyl
rubber, and clay); Wisconsin (clay only); Missouri (clay only); and Californ-
ia (clay, polyvinyl chloride, and epoxy cement). The nost comnon liners for
containment of chemical wastes were found to be Hypalon®, ethylene propyl-
ene diene nonaner, and clay.
The dragline is not a very efficient means of excavating a solid waste
landfill to retrieve a portion of liner for laboratory study. The dragline
is nore suitable for loose bulk excavation than for digging narrow trenches
or shafts.
At depths of less than 10 ft, manual excavation is nost suitable. Fran
10 to 30 ft, the backhoe with attachments could be used to dig a trench with
a comparatively small cross—sectional area. The costs for daily rental and
operation of a backhoe are not excessive. A backhoe might be available on—
site and could probably be hired for a half day or even on an hourly basis,
as needed. The time required for excavation using a backhoe was shown to be
generally less than 1 hr.
A caisson would be required for excavations below 30 ft. Minimum rent-
al for rroving in the drilling rig, setting it up, and noving it out is high,
even without the additional costs for drilling the shaft, inserting and
renoving the caisson, employing various consulting experts, renting safety
equipnent, and backfilling the shaft. A 48 in. drilling would give enough
working space at the foot of the shaft, especially if it were belied-out
manually at the base. For this size drilling, costs increase tremendously
for depths greater than 100 ft.
Few sites are deeper than 100 ft, and nost fall within the range of 30
to 60 ft. It is thus cost—effective to confine liner sampling to fills in
the average depth range. It would also be practical to take samples at
varying depths and ages fran a fill that has installed liners in a number of
cells over a period of several years.
3
-------
SECPION 3
LINED SANITARY LANDFILLS ACCEPTTh7 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
This section contains a conprehensive list of lined sanitary landfills
accepting MSW. A few of these sites also accept hazardous wastes, and this
is indicated where applicable. The sites are listed by region and State.
Each site is described by essentially the same type of information. In some
cases, information requested was not available. The site is initially iden-
tified by popular or coimon name. The address of a site is given where it
differs from the address of the owner(s). Several sites have no mailing ad-
dress. Name and address of the owner(s) are given with a telephone number
current as of August/September 1977. Generally, the contact name listed is
either the official responsible for operation of the fill for a municipal—
or county-owned landfill, or the president of the corporation for a small,
ivately owned facility. For large corporations, the environmental special-
ist is given.
The type and thickness of liner is indicated for ntst of the identified
sites. In many cases, portions of liner were installed in individual cells
over a period of several years. All of these dates are given where known.
If only one date is recorded, it represents the age of the oldest portion of
liner installed at a particular site. Liner specifications are usually
available from the contact name given. Where other parties may be contacted
for liner specifications, names and addresses are given. Several manufact-
urers were mentioned frequently as suppliers of the various lining materials.
Names and addresses of these ct rpanies are listed in Appendix A.
The depth of waste as of August 1977 is recorded where possible; other-
wise, the depth of the fill is given. These figures should be considered ap—
pr ximate. Where one figure rather than a range is listed, it represents the
maximum depth of waste or of the landfill itself. Please note that the
depths are given in non—metric units, as is Customary use in the United
States. A conversion table for all units used in this report appears in the
preliminary pages.
Again, construction and engineering plans are usually available fran the
contact party indicated or from the engineering firm contracted by the own-
er(s) to assist with construction of the fill. Landfills that accept hazard-
ous wastes are listed again in Section 4 and are identified by an asterisk in
both sections. Most of the sites are currently operational. A few sites
have been closed for several years, and some have not yet begun to accept
waste. Both categories of fill are identified in this list. Sites awaiting
State permission to comence operation are also included.
4
-------
LINED LANDFILL SITES ACCEPTIb MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
REXION 1
connecticut
SITE
Owner C s)
Address
Massachusetts
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
CLEAN COMMUNITIES’ REX IONAL SANITARY
LANDFILL
Belcher Street
Plainville, Massachusetts
Clean Communities Corporation
#1 Newbury Street
Peabody, Massachusetts 01960
(617) 535—5140
Joseph Maschio (on site)
(617) 695—7155
Clay—like material (18 in.) plus
permeable material (18 in.)
September 1975
50 ft (also depth of fill)
Available, contact owner
Available, contact owner
New Hampshire
SITE*
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
WEST lOAD IAGOC
Town of Merrimac
Town Hall
Merrimac, New Hampshire 03054
(603) 883—8196
Ken Sherwood
PVC (15 mu)
1973
15 ft (airrost full)
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
CITY OF MILFORD SANITARY LANDFILL
City of Milford
Municipal Sanitation Department
#1 Samuel Smith Lane
Milford, Connecticut 06460
(203) 873—1731
Mr. O’Donnell
PVC (20 mu)
1973
Available, contact Mr. O’Donnell
Available, contact Mr. O’Donnell
5
-------
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
Type of waste
Vermont
SITE
Address
Owner (s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
RFflIc T 2
Available, contact ner
Available, contact c ner
!vtSW and brewery wastes, other selected
industries also accepted
PALISADES SANITARY LANDFILL
Route #2
tbretown, Vermont 05660
Palisades, Inc.
Box 354
Waterbury, Vermont 05677
(802) 244—8533
Robert Dowdell
PVC (20 mu)
1973
Available, contact owner
Available, contact owner
New Jersey
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Contact
Address
Type of liner
Availablity of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
KRAMER SANITARY LANDFILL
Clarksboro, New Jersey
Mr. and Mrs. Kramer
(609) 468—7911
Dr. Fungarol 1 i
Applied Geotechnical and
Society (AGES)
215 South Broad Street
Suite 902
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
(215) 545— 5343
CPE (30 mu)
Contact engineering firm, AGES, above
Contact engineering firm, AGES, above
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
IDtJI Ir HOLLY LANDFILL AND DEVEWPMENT
Route 38
t4ount Holly, New Jersey 08060
SCI½S Services
99 High Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(617) 423—4100
Environmental
6
-------
Landfill and Develorxnent Corp.
208 Patterson Ave.
Trenton, New Jersey 08610
(609) 396—2192
Frank Clowes
(609) 267—9585
PVC (9 mu)
April/May 1976
10—12 ft
Available, contact manufacturer, Staff
Industries
Available, contact Wehran Engineering
Corp., E. Main Street Ext., Middle—
ton, New York 10940
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date(s) of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
SITE
Address
Owner of site
BE JOKHAVEN 1 N LANDFILL
Horseblock Road
Brookhaven, New York 11719
Town of Brookhaven
Town Hall
S. Ocean Ave.
Patchogue, New York 11772
James Heil, P.E.
(516) 286—2828
PVC (20 mu)
1974, 1975, 1976, 1977
100 ft
Available, contact James Heil
Available, contact James Heil
CITY OF BUFFALO
City of Buffalo
Roc*i 604, City Hall
Buffalo, New York 14202
Charles A. Stutzman
(716) 856—4200
Natural clay exposed, backfilled with
natural soils and Rontliorillonite
1973
M)!GAN’S FARM SANITARY LANDFILL
West mint Military Acad ny
West Ikint, New York 10996
U.S. Government
Operator of fill
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
of construction
fill
Availability
plans for
New York
7
-------
Contact
Address
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
John 3. O’Connor
thief, Civil Engineering Branch
4) 28 Engineers’ Detachment — Utilities
Bldg. 670
U.S. Military Academy
West Rint, New York 10996
(914) 938—4130
PVC (30 mu)
June 1974
30—40 ft
Available, contact John J. O’Connor
Available, contact John J. O’Connor
1t N OF NORm I-JEMPSTEAD SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL SITE
‘Itwn of N. Hempstead
102 W. Shore Road
Roslyn, New York 11576
(516) 621—0906
John Murphy
William Cook
PVC (20 mu)
1973
115 ft
Available, contact engineering firm,
L.S. Wegman
100 East 42nd Street
New York, New York 10017
Available, contact L.S. Wegman (above)
Maryland
SITE
Address
Owner (s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
PAPMON SANITARY LNDFILL
1 ute 1—83
Parkton, Maryland 21120
Baltirr re County
Bureau of Sanitation
209 Washington Ave.
Towson, Maryland 21204
(301) 494—3185
Charles Farley
Steven Lippy
Compacted clay in fill (5 ft),
PVC lining in leachate collect-
ion system
Availability
plans for
RDGION 3
of construction
fill
8
-------
Date of installation 1977 (first cell)
Depth of fill 10—25 ft
Type of waste Some cxmercial waste in addition to
r w, no hazardous waste
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact County
Availability of construction
plans for fill Available, contact County
Pennsylvania
SITE COLUMBIA COUNTY SANITARY LANDFILL
Address R.D. #4
Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania 17815
Owner(s) Columbia County Solid Waste Authority
Address Court House
Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania 17815
(717) 784—6344
Contact Pat McKenria
Type of liner Asphalt concrete sub—base (2 in.)
Date of installation June 1974
Depth of waste 8— 30 ft
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact Pat McKenna
Availability of construction
plans for fill Available, contact Pat McKenna
SITE GI JNDERVILLE LANDFILL
Address Warren, Pennsylvania 16365
Owner(s) Warren County Solid Waste Authority
Address Warren County Courthouse
Warren, Pennsylvania 16365
(814) 726—2431
Contact Walter Sweeney
Type of liner PVC (20 mil)
Date of installation Mid—June 1976
Depth of waste 40 ft
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact Staff Industries
Availability of construction
plans for fill Available, contact Walter Sweeney
Additional notes Leachate pond is lined with Hypalon (
laminate (20 mu), installed June 1976
SITE HARRISBUI INCINERA )R RESIDUE DISPOSAL
SITE
Address 1670 S. 19th Street
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17104
Owner(s) City of Harrisburg
Address 423 Walnut Street
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17101
(717) 255—6495
Contact Stanley Sr n, Jim Wilt
9
-------
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner (s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Butyl rubber
1972
MSW incinerator residue
Available, contact Stanley Brown or
Jim Wilt
Available, contact Stanley Brown or
Jim Wilt
KNICKEPBJCKER SANITARY L1\NDFILL
Mrs. Robena Samuels
P.O. Box 456
Malbern, Pennsylvania 19355
(215) 644—9736
Mrs. Robena Samuels
Sprayed asphalt
1972
Available, contact engineers,
Iinagineering Associates Ltd.
P.O.Box 51
Uwchland Post Office
Eagle, Pennsylvania 19480
Available, contact engineers (above)
IANCHESTER ODRPOR1 TION LANDFILL
Lanchester Corporation
P.O. Box 176
Floneybrook, Pennsylvania 19344
(215) 273—3761
Lewis Frame, Sr.
Asphalt (4—6 in.)
Fall 1975
Available, contact Lewis Frame, Sr.
Available, contact Lewis Frame, Sr.
LYCOMIN3 (XXJNTY LANDFILL
Allenwood Federal Prison
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lycoming County
Lyccming County Courthouse
48 West 3rd Street
Willianisport, Pennsylvania 17701
(717) 323—9811
David Terrill
(717) 547—1870
PVC (20 mil)
September 1977
10
-------
Depth of waste t yet receiving waste
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact David Terrill
Availability of construction
plans for fill Available, contact David Terrill
SITE McKEAN (DUN Y SOLID WASTE A1J]ThIORITY
LANDFILL
c ’jner(s) Ness Brothers
Operator(s) McKean County Authority
Address Box 448
Mt. Jewett, Pennsylvania 16740
(814) 778—9931
contact Raynond Troutman
Type of liner Clay patching (18 in.)
Date of installation September 1976
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact Rayrrond Troutrnan
Availability of construction
plans for fill Available, contact Raynond Troutrnan
Additional notes County also operates two leachate
ponds each with a Hypalon® liner
(30 mil), installed September 1976
SITE* I’GC 1EPY COUNTY SOLID WASTE MANAGE-
MENT SYSTEMS LANDFILL #1
Address River Road
West Conchohawkin, Pennsylvania 19428
Owner(s) Allentown Portland Cement
Address Myerstown, Pennsylvania 17067
Operator(s) Montgomery Co. Solid Waste Authority
Address West Conchohawkin, Pennsylvania 19428
(215) 275—5000
contact Karl Stead
Curtis Chapiian
Type of liner Tar—based asphalt (6 in.)
Date of installation 1971
Depth of waste 160 ft
Type of waste Licensed for some hazardous waste,
but acceptance limited
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact Curtis Chapi’tan
Availability of construction
plans for fill Available, contact Curtis Chac*nan
Additional notes First fill constructed in a quarry;
a second quarry site is planned
SITE WJ ER COMPANY LANDFILL (GR(MS)
Address Falls Township
Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Owner(s) Warner Company
Type of liner Asphalt
11
-------
Date of installation
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner ( s)
address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
Florida
1970
Consult engineering firm,
applied Geotechnical and Environmental
Society (AGES)
215 S. Broad Street, Suite 902
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
Consult engineering firm, AGES (above)
WESTERN BERKS REFUSE AUTHORITY SITE
Western Berks Refuse Authority
R.D. #1
Birdsboro, Pennsylvania 19508
(215) 375—1516
Al Mohn
Asphalt (1/8—1/2 in.)
October 1974, September 1977
60 ft (closed), second cell— 4
Available, contact engineering
Ed Hollos
Gilbert Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 1949
Reading, Pennsylvania 19603
Available, contact Ed Hollos
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
1 ddress
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
BREVARD (fliNTY
SYSTEM
Adamson Road
West of City of Cocoa, Florida
Brevard County Utilities Division
2575 N. Courtenay Parkway
Merritt Island, Florida 32952
(813) 366—2552 X283
Hoyt Wimberly
(813) 632—5040
PVC (10 mil)
October 1976
Liner on surface, will be 50 ft
Available, contact County
Available, contact County
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
ft
firm,
REGI 4
12
-------
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Florida 33301
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Operator(s)
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
GULF COAST LANDFILL
I ute 82
Fort Myers, Florida 33901
(813) 334—4115
Waste Management, Inc.
900 Jorie Blvd.
Oakbrook, Illinois 60521
(312) 891—1500
Jerry Gresh
(305) 484—5500
PVC (10 mil), periphery
typical liner
Spring 1976
8—10 ft (1/3 full)
Available, contact Jerry Gresh
Available, contact Jerry Gresh
TCMAKA FA ’1S lOAD LANDFILL
Tomaka Farms Road
Daytona Beach, Florida
Rotaler Corporation
170 E. Washington St.
Orlando, Florida 32801
(305) 425—2786
Volusia County
J.L. Griffin
(904) 736—2700
PVC (10 mil)
Installed rronthly
9—10 ft
Available, contact manufacturer,
Staff Industries
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
Bl ’JARD COUNTY LANDFILL
S 7 142nd Ave.
Davie, Florida 33314
Broward County Authority
Division of Solid Waste
Governor’s Annex
236 SE 1st Ave.
Fort Lauderdale,
(305) 765—5841
Jerry Peters
Sprayed asphalt
1974
20 ft above ground
Available, contact Jerry Peters
Available, contact Jerry Peters
only, not
13
-------
Availability of construction
plans for fill
Available, contact J.L.Griffin
REX3ION 5
Illinois
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
McHENRY coui rr SANITARY
RECYCLI CENTER
Crystal Lake Disposal, Inc.
6714 Sands Road
Crystal Lake, Illinois 60014
(815) 459—3270
Jim Veugeler
Bentonite (4 in.) with
Summer 1972
Contact Jim Veugeler
Contact S.W. Knetsch &
Dekalb, Illinois
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE*
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
FIIJLCHER QUARRY, INC.
Norman E. Huicher
Box 25
Nokomis, Illinois 62075
(217) 563—2531
Norman E. Huicher
Clay (2—4 ft)
1972 and as needed
40 ft
Fly ash from utility companies
IY’bt known
Not available
PAGEL PIT
Rockford Blacktop
500 Boylston
Loves Park, Illinois 61111
(815) 877—9561
chuck Howard
Blacktop with coal
June 1972
60 ft
Limi ted acceptance
Available, contact
Available, contact owners
L NDF ILL AND
clay (2 ft)
Assoc., Inc.
tar sealer (2 in.)
of hazardous waste
owners
14
-------
Indiana
SITE* CT JTh ELL SANITARY L1 NDFILL
Owner(s) Caldwell Gravel Sales, Inc.
Address Rural Route #1
brristown, Indiana 46161
(317) 763—6258
Contact Paul Caldwell
Type of liner Clay (5—12 ft)
Date of installation 1973
Depth of waste 22—25 ft
Type of waste Also accept some industrial waste
Availability of liner specs. NDt available
Availability of construct ion
plans for fill Available, contact engineering firm,
Technosolve, Inc.
(317) 783—9550
Michigan
SITE CEREAL CI 1 LANDFILL
Address 64 S. McCamly St.
Battle Creek, Michigan 49016
Owner(s) Waste Management, Inc.
900 Jorie Blvd.
Oakbrook, Illinois 60521
(312) 654—8800
Contact Paul Koruna (at site)
(616) 962—4048
Greg Woefel (at Waste Management)
(312) 654—8800
Type of liner PVC (6 rnil)
Date of installation February 1975
Depth of fill 12—50 ft (60% full at present)
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact Paul Koruna
Availability of construction
plans Available, contact Paul Koruna
Additional notes Perimeter liner to prevent back
migration of gas
SITE M.JSKEXON CDUNI’Y SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Address 9300 Apple Ave.
Muskegon, Michigan 49440
Owner(s) Muskegon County
Address Department of Public Works
County Bldg.
990 Terrace Street
Muskegon, Michigan 49440
(616) 724—6411
15
-------
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
Additional notes
Dr. Y.A. Demirijian
(616) 853—2291
Ed Peterson
(616) 724—6411
Clay (12 in.)
May 1973
7 ft (now 1/10th full)
Also licensed for industrial waste
t available
Available, contact Ed Peterson
PLAI NFl ELD rfiINDFILL
2908 Ten Mile Road
Rockford, Michigan 49341
Kent City Department of Public Works
1500 Scribner Ave., N.W.
Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504
(616) 774—3694
I Dbert H. Scott
PVC (20 mu)
On-going
25 ft
Available, contact Robert H. Scott
Available, contact Robert H. Scott
S.E. OAKLAND WU I’Y INCINERA IOR AUTH.
1741 School Road
Avon Township
Oakland County, Michigan
S.E. Oakland County Incinerator Auth.
P.O. Box 1248
Berkeley, Michigan 48072
(313) 288—5150
Joe Klee or Tom Waffen
(313) 651—7840 (fill)
Clay (2 ft on bottom, 15 ft on sides)
1969
25—80 ft (15 ft to go in center)
Not available
Available, contact Tom Waffen
Also have a section of fill with a
PVC liner (20 mil), installed in
1974 and provided by Staff
Industries
16
-------
Minnesota
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
RDCHESTER SANITARY LANDFILL
4 miles north of Rochester, Minnesota
City of Rochester
1602 4th Street S.E.
Rochester, Minnesota 55902
(507) 288—4316
Harold DeVries
(507) 282—4628
Clay (2 ft)
Started 1974
35—40 ft
Available, contact Ron Paine
Department of Public Services
City of Rochester
(507) 288—4316
Available, contact Ron Paine
STEELE COUNTY SANITARY LANDFILL
Section 28
Aurora TcMnship
Steele County, Minnesota
Roger Hagen
408 2nd Avenue S.E.
Medford, Minnesota 55049
(507) 451—1981
Roger Hagen
(507) 583—2558
In—place and constructed clay
Continuous fran 1974
16—20 ft
I t available
Available, contact David Severson
Steele County Annex
590 Dunnell Drive
Owatonna, Minnesota 55060
(507) 451—4842
Wisconsin
B1 N (DtJN Y EAST LANDFILL
BrcMn County
Brcx.jn County
S.W. Systems
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301
(414) 497—3211
G.R. Rondo
Clay (4—5 ft)
SITE*
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Courthouse Conplex
17
-------
Date of installation August 1976
Depth of waste 50 ft
Type of waste Also accept general industrial and
denolition waste; hazardous waste
accepted only after permission
from State Department of Natural
Resources
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact G.R.Pondo
Availability of construction
plans for fill Available, contact G.R.Rondo
SITE CITY OF PORL’AGE LANDFILL
Owner(s) City of Portage
Address c/o Portage Municipal Bldg.
115 W. Pleasant Street
Portage, Wisconsin 59301
(608) 742—2176
Contact Fred Herter
Type of liner Clay (2 ft)
Date of installation 1972
Depth of fill 10 ft (ncM 3/4 full)
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
Availability of construction
plans for fill bt available
SITE E1½ ION LANDFILL
Address Eaton Road
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Owner(s) Waste Management of Green Bay (leased)
Address 1745 Morrow Street
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54302
(414) 435—1072
Contact 1 n Otter
(414) 251—1030
Type of liner Clay
Date of installation 1968
Depth of waste 33 ft
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
Availability of con truction
plans for fill Available, contact t n Otter
SITE* GE1 4ANrI N LANDFILL
Address 12700 County Line Road
Germantown, Wi scons in
Owner(s) Waste Management of Wisconsin
9050 North 124th Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224
18
-------
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Don Otter
(414) 251—1030
Clay (5 ft)
1973
40 ft
Also accept paint sludges, thinners,
neutralized acids
Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
Available, contact Don Otter
POLK SANITARY LANDFILL
Highway 175
Polk, Wisconsin
Waste Management of Wisconsin
9050 North 124th Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224
(414) 251—1030
Don Otter
Clay (2—5 ft)
1971
35—40 ft (n q half full)
Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
Available, contact Don Otter
RECLAMT TION, INC. LANDFILL
7 Mile Road and 43rd Street
Raynond, Wisconsin
Waste Management of Wisconsin
9050 North 124th Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224
(414) 251—1030
Don Otter
Clay (5 ft)
1970—1973
28 ft (closed)
Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
Available, contact Don Otter
SYCAMDRE LANDFILL
City of Madison
RDom 115 City Council Bldg.
Madison, Wisconsin 53709
(608) 266—4091
Availability
plans for
of construction
fill
Availability
plans for
of construction
fill
19
-------
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Operator(s)
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
REXION 7
Iowa
SITE*
Owner(s)
Address
Gary Boley
Clay (18—24 in.)
Sununer 1972
60 ft (closed)
Available, contact Gary Boley
Available, contact Gary Boley
GREENTREE LANDFILL
City of Madison
I om 115 City Council Bldg.
Madison, Wisconsin 53709
(608) 266—4091
Gary
Clay
1973
50 ft (50% full)
Available, contact Gary Boley
Available, contact Gary Boley
VALLEY SANITATION LANDFILL
Koshkonong, Wisconsin
Sanitary Transfer and Landfill
P.O. Box 20
Delafield, Wisconsin 53018
(414) 646—2300
Valley Sanitation Company
Koshiconong, Wisconsin
(414) 563—8332
Joe Tate
Clay (2 ft)
Fall 1976
32 ft (75% full)
Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
Available, contact Joe Tate
JOHN DEERE DUBUQtJE )RKS SANITARY
LANDFILL
John Deere Dubuque Works
John Deere Road
Dubuque, Iowa 52001
(319) 557—5151, 557—5088
Richard J. Byrne, P.E.
Boley
(18—24 in.)
Contact
20
-------
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Missouri
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
Therrr plastic rubber, nylon reinforced
(30 mil)
November 1974, October 1975, July 1976
45 ft
Non—hazardous industrial waste—foundry
sand, coal ash, and miscellaneous
trash
Available, contact Richard J. Byrne
Available, contact Richard J. Byrne
DALLAS CDUN Y SANITARY LANDFILL
Dallas County
Dallas County Courthouse
Buffalo, Missouri 65622
(417) 345—2632
Clay Young
(417) 345—2632
Clay (2 ft)
November 1976 — January 1977
16—18 ft
Available, contact Clay Young
Available, contact County Clerk
CITY OF FESTUS SANITARY LANDFILL
City of Festus
222—B North Mill Street
Festus, Missouri 63028
(314) 937—5221
Lee R. Luke
Clay (2 ft)
1973
6 ft
Available, contact Lee R. Luke
Available, contact Lee R. Luke
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
R & E SANITARY LANDFILL
Hoff Road
O’Fallon, Missouri 63366
Ed and Robert Schlaeter
420 Walbush
O’Fallon, Missouri 63366
(314) 723—1767
Ed or Robert Schlaeter
On—site clay patched with
clay (1—12 ft)
ccinpacted
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
fill
21
-------
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner (s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans
Nebraska
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
1975
50 ft (about to close)
Available, contact Ed or Robert
Schlaeter
Available, contact Ed or Robert
Schl aeter
NEST COUNTY DISPOSAL LTD. SANITARY
LANDFILL
AL3vance Road
Sulfur Springs
St Louis County, Missouri 63088
West County Disposal Ltd.
P.O.Box 428
Valley Park, Missouri 63088
(314) 225—7220
Jim Baker or Edward Bierman
Clay (3 ft)
1974—1975
25 ft
Available, contact Jim Baker
Available, contact Jim Baker
WEST LAKE LANDFILL, INC. SANITARY
LANDFILL
West Lake Landfill, Inc.
Box 206, Route #1
Bridgeton, Missouri 63042
(314) 739—1122
B. Vernon
Clay
1975?
Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
CITY OF a 1AHA, 2ND AND MARI’HA BALEFILL
City of Omaha
6th Floor Omaha flDuglas Civic Center
1819 Farnam Street
Omaha, Nebraska 68102
(402) 444—5098
C.A. Geisler
(402) 444—5227
SITE
Address
Contact
22
-------
Type of liner
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
REGION 8
Clay (2 ft)
75—170 ft
MSW baled to density— 60—70 lbs/ft 3
Available, contact C.A. Geisler
Available, contact C.A. Geisler
Colorado
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
P11 COLORT DO
64th and Huron
Denver, Colorado 80221
P11 Colorado
P.O.Box 21186
Denver, Colorado 80221
(303) 429—6411
Fritz Easterburg
Clay (4 ft at top,
February 1974
30 ft (now 9/lOths full)
Available, contact Fritz
Wyoming
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
REXION 9
‘IORRII LON BALEFILL
City of Torrington
P.O. Box 250
‘lbrrington, Wyoming 82240
(307) 532—5666
E.G. Anderson
Clay (4—6 in.)
March 1977
8 ft
Available, contact E.G. Anderson
Available, contact engineering firm,
K & H Engineering
Torrington, Wyoming 82240
GERNEVILJJE DISPOSAL SITE
Sonoma County
Sonoma County Public Works Department
om 117A
22 ft at bottom)
Easterburg
Available, contact Fritz Easterburg
California
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
23
-------
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
Additional notes
2555 Mendocino Avenue
Santa Rosa, California 95401
(707) 527—2231
John Conc* ay
Clay (15 ft)
1976
Available, contact John ConcMay
Available, contact John ConcMay
MISSION CPJNYON
County of Los Angeles
500 North Sepulveda Blvd.
West Los Angeles, California 90024
(213) 699—7411
G. Sturgeon or R. Schwegler
Epoxy cement mixture
1973
250 ft (ncM closed)
Available, contact G.
Schwegler
IvDtJNTAIN VIEW LP NDFILL
Shoreline Regional Park
City of Mountain View
City of Mountain View
I-IEALDSBURY DISPOSAL SITE
Soncina County
Sonoma County Public Works Department
} an 117A
2555 MendocinO Avenue
Santa Rosa, California 95401
(707) 527—2231
John Con ay
Clay (20 ft)
1974
50% full
Available, contact John Conc* ay
Available, contact John ConcMay
Sturgeon or R.
Available, contact G. Sturgeon or R.
Schweg ler
This is not strictly speaking a liner,
a containment wall was built at one
toe of the canyon because of the
suspected presence of stream.
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
24
-------
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
SITE*
Address
Owner ( s)
Operator(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans
Additional notes
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
Additional notes
540 Cast Row Street
Mountain View, California 94042
(415) 967—7211 x263
Bob McCafferty
Compacted clay (5 ft around, 12 ft
horizontal)
Earliest cells in 1970
45—50 ft (for filled cells, 25 ft
below ground, 20—25 ft above)
Available, contact Bob McCafferty
Available, contact Bob McCafferty
JOHN SMITH SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE
John Smith Road
Hollister, California 95023
County of San Benito (land)
City of Hollister
Municipal Bldg.
Hollister, California 95023
(408) 637—4491
1 ger Grimsley
Treated clay (18 in.)
Began 1966, accelerated 1968
30 ft (3 cells 10 ft each)
California Class Il—essentially MSW
Available, contact Roger Grimsley
Available, contact Roger Grimsley
City also operates t Class I hazard-
ous waste ponds lined with clay,
installed January 1977
S MA cDU 1rY CENTR1 L LINDFILL SITE
Sonoma County
Sonoma County Public Works Department
2555 Mendocino Ave., I oin 117A
Santa Rosa, California 95401
(707) 527—2231
John Conoway
Clay (30 ft)
1971
20% full
California Class 2—1, some chemical
toilet wastes accepted
Available, contact John Conoway
Available, contact John Conoway
Vertical barriers for horizontal
leachate prevention
25
-------
SECrIa 4
LINED CHEMICAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SITES,
LAGO(] S, AND HOLDThX PONDS
The list presented here is not as canpiete as that in the previous sec-
tion. There are probably a number of lined holding ponds for chemical wastes
that are not included in this section. Because of the size of the chemical
industry and time constraints on the completion of this report, it was not
possible to identify and contact all owners of lined holding ponds. Never-
theless, the list shows that, particularly in the last two years, there has
been a major effort on the part of chemical manufacturers to build lined fac-
ilities for the temporary or permanent storage of chemical wastes.
This section is organized like the previous one. Sites are listed by
region and State. Each site is described by the same type of information,
including address, ownership, contact name(s), phone numbers, nature of liner
date of installation, and depth of fill or pond. Also included for each site
is a brief description of the type of chemical waste accepted. Where the
type of waste is not given, this information may be available fran the canp—
any contact directly. Where liner specifications and engineering plans are
available, a contact name is given for rr re information. Facilities that
also accept MSW and are thus listed in Section 3 are identified by an aster—
I sk.
As mentioned previously, the categories of chemical waste included in
this list are i ore comprehensive than those wastes typically defined as haz-
ardous. However, sites containing the following wastes are excluded: brine,
radioactive wastes, sewage, and activated sludge.
A few of the sites have been closed for several years and some have
not yet begun to accept waste. Both categories of facility are identified in
this list. Holding ponds are also included where identified, especially
those ponds that have been used for many years.
26
-------
LINED CHE7’IICAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SITES, LAGOONS AND HOLDING PONDS
RD3ION 1
Maine
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
R xI 2
Delaware
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Operator(s)
Address
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
pfans for fill
New Jersey
CDKER’S SANITATION SE1 /ICE LANDFILL
Dover, Delaware 19901
Joseph Kowinski
(302) 653—5333
Coker’s Sanitation Service
R.D. #4, Box 173A
Dover, Delaware 19901
(302) 734—5092
PVC (20 mil)
January 1977
5—6 ft
Unspecified commercial chemical waste
Contact Watersaver Co., Inc.
Available, contact Carleton Coker
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner(s)
BRIDGEPORT
Route 322
Bridgeport, New Jersey 08014
(609) 467—3100
Rollins Environmental Services
One Rollins Plaza
Wilmington, Delaware 19803
(302) 658—8541
William Philipbar
Hypalon ( neoprene,
asphalt, PE
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of pond
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
LINCOLN PULP AND PAPER CO.
Lincoln Pulp and Paper Co.
Lincoln, Maine 04457
(207) 794—6721
L. Orst
Hypalon ® (Flexseal ®)
May 1977
21 ft
Paper pulp
Contact B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co.
Available, contact L. Orst
concrete and
27
-------
Dates of installation
Depth of holding ponds
Type of waste
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of lagoon
Type of waste
From 1970 onwards
Varies, from 5—10 ft
Organic and inorganic chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, etc.
Available, contact William Philipbar
Available, contact William Philipbar
B. F. GOODRICH CHFM. CO., PEDRICKTC N
B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co.
PedricktcMn, New Jersey 08067
(609) 299—5400
Jim Kiel
Reinforced Hypalon®(30 mu)
November 1975
6 ft
Sludge from manufacture of PVC resins
and latex
Available, contact Jim Kiel
Available, contact Jim Kiel
New York
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
NEWCO (HEM WASTE SYSTEMS, INC.
Niagara Recycling Inc.
4626 Royal Avenue
Niagara Falls, New York 14303
(716) 285—6944
Gary Hall
CPE laminate (30 mu)
1976
Solid and semi—solid chemical res-
idues
Available, contact Staff Industries
Available, contact Gary Hall
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
GIEM-TrOL rOLrJJrION SEW [ CES, INC.
P.O. Box 200
t ’tde1 City, New York 14107
SCA Services
99 High Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(617) 423—4100
R.W. Rakoczyrlski
(716) 754—8231 x53
Hypalon® (30 mu)
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
ponds
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
lagoons
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
fill
28
-------
Dates of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans
REX3ION 3
SLF’#l (11—1—1971) SLF#4 ( 9—10—1974)
SLF#2 ( 2—9—1973) SLF#5 ( 9—30—1975)
SLF#3 ( 9—1—1973) SLF#6 (11—18—1976)
20 ft
Hazardous waste from manufacturing
and chemical industries
Available, contact R.W. Rakoczynski
Available, contact R.W. Rakoczynski
Maryland
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Type of liner
Pennsylvania
AMERICAN RECOVERY CORP.
American Recovery Corp.
2001 Benhill Avenue
Balt iriore, Maryland
(301) 355—0623
Clay
QiEMICAL WASTE FACILITY
Browning Ferris Industries
7300 Ritchie Highway, Suite 902
Glen Burnie, Maryland 21061
(301) 285—7665
Mel Winstead
Hypalon®(lO mil)
1973
14.5 ft
Various chemicals, do not accept
chlorinated hydrocarbons, cyanides,
phenols, arsenic or carcinogens
Available, contact Mel Winstead
Available, contact Mel Winstead
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for lagoon
BP KER AND ADAMSON )RKS
Allied Chemical Corp.
Wilmington Turnpike
Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania 19061
(302) 798—0621 x484
Leon A. Mattioli
EPTI4
1972
Acidic wastes
Available, contact Leon A. Mattioli
Available, contact Leon A. Mattioli
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of storage lagoon
Type of waste
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
storage rxndS
29
-------
SITE*
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Operator(s)
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
Additional notes
SITE
Owner (s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of rx)nd
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
Additional notes
r) ]XCt ’1ERY cou r SOLID WASTE MANAGE-
MEND SYST 4, LANDFILL #1
River Road
West Conchohawkin, Pennsylvania 19428
Allentown Portland Cement
Myerstown, Pennsylvania 17067
Montgomery County Solid Waste Manage-
ment System
Karl Stead
(215) 275—5000
Tar—based asphalt (6 in.)
1971
180 ft (20 ft till top)
Mainly MSW, licensed for some hazard-
ous waste, but acceptance limited
Available, contact Karl Stead
Available, contact engineering firm,
Imagineering Associates Ltd.
P.O. Box 51
Uwchland Post Office
Eagle, Pennsylvania 19480
(215) 458—5009
County seeking funding for second
quarry site
INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT POND
Pennsylvania Power and Light Co.
Box 257
Martin’s Creek, Pennsylvania 18063
(215) 821—5747
Wayne Stone
Hypalon®
1974
40 ft
Did contain all water wastes from two
oil—fired units, now contains cool-
ing water, will contain fly ash
settling from coal—fired units
Available, contact Wayne Stone
Available, contact John Stefarijck
Engineering Department
Pennsylvania Power and Light Co.
#2 North 9th Street
Allentown, Pennsylvania 18101
Company also has a second pond with a
Hypalon® liner, installed Spring
1976. Contains all water wastes
frau two oil—fired and two coal—
fired units
30
-------
UL3RAEY
(IS, Enviro men J Prot. t
Corvall i Environment R.,urah
200 SW 35th Street ¶1O )LLI ()DRPORATION SITE
c aI14 , O1 eQon ‘m no11i Corporation
LD. #1, Route 54
Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania 18240
(717) 645—3105
Nelson Daher
EPEt4 (1/16 in.)
Winter 1976—1977
10 ft (nc , 1/3 full)
Furnace slags, non—ferrous metals
Available, contact manufacturer,
E. I • DuPont de N n urs Co.
Availability of construction
plans for fill Available, contact Nelson Daher
West Virginia
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of ponds
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
rIJrJNDSVILLE NORI’H PLANT
Allied Chemical Corp.
P.O. Box E
r#bundsville, West Virginia 26041
(304) 845—5670
Ted Harris or J.V. Murthig
Non—reinforced EPI}1 (1/16 in.)
Late 1973 one pond, June 1977 two
ponds
15—16 ft
Oldest pond contains unneutralized
organic process waste, other two
ponds contain neutralized process
waste and settled organic solids
Available, contact Ted Harris
Available, contact Ted Harris
MJIJNDSVILLE SO(JI’H PLANT
Allied Chemical Corp.
P.O. Box D
MDundsville, West Virginia 26041
(304) 845—5670
Mr. Taylor
EPU4 (4 ponds), PVC (2 ponds)
1973, 1977
Four ponds approximately 12 ft deep
Two ponds 20 ft deep
Sludge frcin mercury cell/chlorine
operation in four ponds, two ponds
for clarification of spent lime
Available, contact Mr. Taylor
Available, contact Mr. Taylor
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Contact
Type of liner
Dates of installation
Depth of pond
Type of waste
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
fill
31
-------
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of pDnd
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for xDnd
REGION 4
Florida
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
HUN I1 ION ALLOYS PLANT WASTEWATER
Huntington Alloys
P.O. Box 1958
Huntington, West Virginia 25720
(304) 696—2150
Richard J mbiotte
Hypalon( .)(30 mil)
Fall 1976
12 ft
Plant wastewater
Available, contact Richard Lambiotte
Available, contact Richard Lambiotte
AMERICAN CYANAMID 03. SANTA 1 JSA PLANT
erican Cyanamid Company
Santa Rosa Plant
Milton, Florida 32570
(904) 994—5311
Neale Sh ritz
Hypalon R (30 mu)
Spring 1975
18 ft (maximum)
Wastewaters from production of
synthetic fibers
Available, contact Neale Sharitz
Available, contact Neale Sharitz
EAST LANDFILL, IJACKSONVILLE
515 Girbin Road
Jacksonville, Florida
City of Jacksonville
1352 Vega Street
Jacksonville, Florida 32205
(904) 633—2434
Kenneth Powell
vo1clay (approximatelY 4 in.) + 1 ft
of dirt
Currently
9 ft
Hazardous, industries will be speci-
fied in booklet now in production
Available, contact Kenneth Powell
Available, contact Kenneth Powell
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
pond
32
-------
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
Georgia
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of pond
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
GENERAL ELECPRIC CO. GAINESVILLE PLANT
General Electric Company
Battery Business Department
P.O. Box 114
Gainesville, Florida 32602
(904) 462—3911
Ursula Harder
Hypalon ( )
1974—1975
Highly alkaline wastewaters
Available, contact Ursula Harder
Available, contact Ursula Harder
AMERICAN CYANAMID
American Cyanamid
P.O. Box 368
Savannah, Georgia 31402
(912) 236—6171
William E. Trees
Reinforced Hypalon ®
1975
Operating depth 2—3 ft
Waste acid from titanium dioxide/sulf-
ate process, 15—20% free acid,
5—10% ferrous sulfate
Available, contact B.F. Goodrich,
General Products Division
Available, contact William E. Trees
South Carolina
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of basins
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for basins
BISHOPVILLE F l NI SHThI3 CXJMPANY
P.O. Box 472
Bishopville, South Carolina 29010
Reeves Brothers, Inc.
1271 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10020
(212) 333—4200
Roger Hughes
Concrete basin (two basins)
First basin in 1972
30—40 ft
Textile finishing wastes
Available, contact Roger Hughes
Available, contact Roger Hughes
CO • SAVANNAH PLANT
Co.
(4—5 in.)
33
-------
REGION 5
mdi aria
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
INDUSTRIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL CO
Industrial Liquid Waste Dis xsal Co.
R.R. #3, Box 156
Columbus, Indiana 47201
(812) 579—5235
Michael J. Craf ton
Clay (30 ft)
1974
8 ft
Unspecified liquid chemical wastes
Not available
Not available
Illinois
SITE*
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
PAGEL PIT
i ck ford Blacktop
500 Boylston
Loves Park, Illinois 61111
(815) 877—9561
Chuck Howard
Blacktop with coal tar sealer (2 in.)
June 1972
60 ft
i ’tSW and limited acceptance of hazard-
ous waste
Available, contact Chuck Howard
Available, contact Chuck Howard
Michigan
SITE
Owiler ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
CHEM—MET SERVICES
them-Met Services
18550 Allen Road
Wyandotte, Michigan 48192
(313) 282—9250
W.R. Hartman
Clay (minimum of 10 ft)
1966
Acids from steel processing
Available, contact W. R. Hartinan
Available, contact W.R. Hartman
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
fill
34
-------
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner ( s)
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of site
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
Minnesota
SITE
Owner(s)
1 ddress
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
ENVIrONMEI’71’AL WASTE CDNrFCL, INC.
Environmental Waste Control, Inc.
26705 Michigan Avenue
Inkster, Michigan 48141
(313) 357—5680
Carl Horby
(313) 561—1400
Plastic MN—21 (20 mil)
May 1977
Oil and waste water sludges
Available, contact manufacturer,
MISCO—Unit:ed Supply Inc.
Available, contact Carl Hornby
MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN
Systems Technology Corp.
245 N. Valley 1 ad
Xenia, Ohio 45385
(513) 372—8077
Carl Evers
Coal tar epoxy
1975
12 ft
Acid
Contact Carl Evers
Contact Carl Evers
FEDERAL CARL’RIDGE (ORPORATICE
Federal Cartridge Corporation
9th and Tyler
Anoka, Minnesota 55303
(612) 421—7100
A. Drury
Clay (1 ft)
Currently
Lime sludge
Contact A. Drury
Contact A. Drury
WPONT co., CIRCLEVILLE
E.I. DuPont de NeTrvz)urS Co.
Circleville Plant
P.O. Box 89
Circleville, Ohio 43113
Ohio
SITE
Owner ( s)
35
-------
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of aeration lagoon
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of tanks
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for tanks
Jim Partherrore
(614) 474—0111
Reinforced Hypalon ®
Late 1960’s
12 ft
Lt levels of organic fluids, ethyl-
ene glycol, some triethylene
Available, contact Jim Parth Tore
Available, contact Jim Parthenore
FRANKLIN, OHIO
Systems Technology Corporation
245 North Valley 1 ad
Xenia, Ohio 45385
(513) 372—8077
Carl Evers
Concrete (four in—ground storage tanks
16 above ground)
From 1932
Average 8 ft
Oil containing wastes
Contact Carl Evers
Contact Carl Evers
SITE
Owner (s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of ponds
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for ponds
HILYA PD, OHIO
Systems Technology Corporation
245 North Valley Road
Xenia, Ohio 45385
Carl Evers
Hypalon ® (four holding ponds
ground, six in-ground, two
ing plants)
Fran 1975
Average 9 ft
Acids
Available, contact Carl Evers
Available, contact Carl Evers
above
process—
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of pond
RICHENBACHER AIR FORCE BASE
ColuithuS, Ohio 43217
u.s. Government
J. Rasor
(614) 492—4458
Hypalon®(35 mil)
August 1975
10 ft.
36
-------
Type of waste Calcium sulfate sludge
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact 3. Rasor
Availability of construction
plans for lagoon Available, contact J. Rasor
SITE RPEN, OHIO
Owner(s) Browning Ferris of Ohio
Address 1901 South Pine Street
Warren, Ohio 44881
(216) 399—8361
contact Michael Heher
(216) 792—3852
Type of liner Hypalon ®
Date of installation 1973
Type of waste Acid waste
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact Michael Heher
Availability of construction
plans for ponds Available, contact Michael Heher
Wisconsin
SITE* EAST LANDFILL, GREEN BAY
Owner(s) Brown County
Address Brown County Court House Complex
Solid Waste Systems
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301
(414) 497—3211
Contact G.R. Rondo
Type of liner Clay (4 ft, 5 ft below leachate
collection pipes)
Date of installation August 1976
Depth of waste 50 ft
Type of waste Mainly MSW, some dried sludge and
general industrial waste, will
accept hazardous waste only after
permission from State Department of
of Natural Resources
Availability of liner specs. Available, contact G.R. Rondo
Availability of constructiiofl
plans for fill Available, contact G.R. Rondo
SITE EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN
Owner(s) Brown Company—Sterling Operations
Address 1.200 Forest Street
Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54701
(715) 834—3461
contact Tanwir A. Badir
Type of liner Sludge (3 ft), sand cover (1 ft)
Depth of fill 20 ft
Type of waste Paper sludge
37
-------
Contact Tanwir A. Badir
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE*
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of trenches
Type of waste
Contact Tanwir A. Badir
GERMAN’ItX JN LANDFILL
1200 County Line Road
Germantown, Wisconsin
Waste Management of Wisconsin
9050 North 124th Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224
(414) 251—1030
t n Otter
Clay (5 ft)
1973
40 ft
MSW and paint sludges, thirinners,
neutralized acids
Available, contact State Department
of Natural Resources
Available, contact lXn Otter
H & R PAPER AND REFUSE SERVICE DIS—
PDSAL FACILITY
H & R Paper arid Refuse Service
P.O. Box 2381
Green Bay, WisconSin 54306
(414) 435—2031
Richard Johnson
Compacted clay (2 ft)
Not specified
Not specified
Contact Richard Johnson
Contact Richard Johnson
Ash/Bark Site, City of Nekoosa
Nekoosa Paper Company Inc.
100 Wisconsin River Drive
Port Edwards, Wisconsin 54469
(715) 887—5680
John Lacher
Bentonite/sand slurry in trenches
secondary trenches with perforated
PVC manifold
1977
20—25 ft
Bark/ash
Availability
plans for
of construction
fill
38
-------
Available, contact John Lacher
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for trenches
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
Available, contact John Lacher
CALCIUM CARBONATE PROCESS It X FACILITY
Saratoga, Wood County, Wisconsin
Nekoosa Paper Company Inc.
100 Wisconsin River Drive
Port Edwards, Wisconsin 54469
(715) 887—5680
John Lacher
Clay (1 ft), four lagoons
1977
Calcium carbonate slurry (can accept
slurry for six nonth period, stag-
gered use permits 18 xronth holding
period in any one lagoon)
Available, contact John Lacher
Available, contact John Lacher
VAN HANDEL LANDFILL SITE
Van Handel Company
1719 East Edgewood Drive
Appleton, Wisconsin 54911
(414) 734—1272
Torn or Handel Van Handel
Clay (2 ft)
June 1977
Paper mill sludge
Available, contact Tom or Handel
Van Handel
Available, contact Torn or Handel
Van Handel
WATER QUALITY CENTER
Consolidated Papers Co.
P.O. Box 50
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin 54494
(715) 422—3111
S. Martin
Compacted clay to ground level (10 ft)
clay berins on top of packed clay
1975
Paper and pulp mill sludge
Available, contact S. Martin
Available, contact S. Martin
Availability
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
lagoons
39
-------
RE 3IO 6
Louisiana
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
BATGN IOUGE PLANT
Scenic Highway
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70807
(504) 778—1234
Rollins Environmental Services
One Rollins Plaza
Wilmington, Delaware 19803
(302) 658—8541
William Philipbar
Bentonitic clay (50—60 ft)
1971—1972
15—20 ft
Fixed sludges— petrochemicals
Available, contact W. Philipbar
Available, contact W. Philipbar
New Mexico
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
KERR-McGEE NUCLEAR CORPORATI(X’1
Ambrosia Lake Uranium District
Grants, New Mexico
Kerr-McGee Nuclear Corporation
Kerr—McGee Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73125
(405) 236—1313
Walt Spencer
Pond bottom - PVC (10 mu)
Pond sides — CPE (20 mil)
1977
10 ft
Uranium mill tailings decant
solution (acidic)
Contact Watersaver Co., Inc.
Available, contact Walt Spencer
L’ EGGS PI DDUCPS, INC
P.O. Box 788
Mesilla Park, New Mexico 88047
(505) 524—8541
Hanes Corporation
P.O.Box 5416
Winston—Salem, North Carolina 27103
John A. Head, Jr.
(505) 524—8541
Asphalt (3/4 in.)
Av ilabil i ty
Availability
plans for
of liner specs.
of construction
ponds
40
-------
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
1968
11 ft
Contact Jesse Lunsford
(505) 646—3032
Available, contact installer,
Burn’s Construction
2335 E. Lohman Avenue
Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001
(505) 526—4421
Available, contact John A. Head
Texas
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of pits
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pits
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
BIO-ECOLCX3Y SYSTEMS, INC.
Bio—Ecology Systems, Inc.
4100 East Jefferson
Grand Prairie, Texas 75051
(214) 264—4281
Rene Taylor
Don Williamson
Hypalon ®
December 1976
18 ft
All chemical solvents, acids, no
grease trap waste accepted
Available, contact Don Williamson
Available, contact Don Williamson
EEER PARK, HOUS’ION
Title ad
Deer Park, Texas 77536
(713) 474—6001
ALUMINUM 0). OF AMERICA, RJCKDALE
Mumin mi Co. of America (ALCOA)
P.O. Box 472
Rckdale, Texas 76567
Brooks Parker
(512) 446—5811
PVC (20 mil)
1974—1975, second liner just installed
20—30 ft (old pit is full, new pit
is empty)
Fl uor ide—contaminated waste
Contact Brooks Parker
Available, contact Brooks Parker
SITE
Address
41
-------
Owner(s)
Contact
Type of liner
Depth of ponds
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for ponds
REX
Kansas
} llins Environmental Services
One Rollins Plaza
Wilmington, Delaware 19803
(302) 658—8541
William Philipbar
Bentonitic clay (70 ft) (in—place
compacted)
25—30 ft (seven or eight ponds)
Fixed sludges— petrochemicals, petrol—
eurn
Available, contact William Philipbar
Available, contact William Philipbar
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
KANSAS INDUSTRtAL ENVII JNMENTAL
SERVICES, INC.
8808 North 127th Street East
Wichita, Kansas
Kansas Industrial Environmental
Services, Inc.
P.O. Box 745
Wichita, Kansas
(316) 744—1286
Lee Deets
Clay (20 ft, in situ clay)
1976
30 ft
iui types of hazardous waste accepted
Available, contact Lee Deets
Available, contact Lee Deets
Missouri
SITE
Owner C s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
E AGLE-PICHER OJMPANY SITE
Eagle—Picher Company
P .O. Box 47
Joplin, Missouri 64801
(417) 623—8000
Paul Eddy
Hypalon®(30 mu)
1971—1972
4—5 ft
Battery wastes— any type except acid
wastes, special purpose batteries
with military and space application
Available, contact Paul Eddy
42
-------
Availability of construction
plans for site
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of fill
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of cpnstructiOn
plans for fill
Additional notes
REX3ION 8
Available, contact Paul Eddy
EELIZ’ & DISPOSAL SERVICE CO., INC.
Wneeling Disposal Service Co., Inc.
1805 South 8th Street
St. Joseph’s, Missouri 64503
(816) 279—0815
Clayton Buntrock
Clay
August 1975
25 ft
Pesticides, pickle liquors, nost
wastes considered
Available, contact Clayton Buntrock
Available, contact Clayton Buntróck
Cozipany also has two evaporation ponds
and one solid waste/liquid waste
transfer site
Colorado
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Type of waste
Availability
Availability
plans for
Wyoming
of liner specs.
of construction
site
EASTMAN KODAK, KODAK COWRADO DIVIS-
ION SITE
Eastman Kodak Company
Windsor, Colorado 80551
(303) 686—7611 x2108
L. Kent Reitz
EPEt4 (1/16 in.)
Industrial wastewater treatment
facility
Available, contact L. Kent Reitz
Available, contact L. Kent Reitz
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of pond
Type of waste
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORP.,
Allied Chemical Corp.
P.O. Box 551
Green River, Wyoming 82935
(807) 875—3350
Bob Teet Richard Chastain
Hypalon(.R)(30 mu)
Winter 1975—1976
Maximum 10 ft
Weak sodium carbonate solution
GREEN RIVER
43
-------
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
REXION 9
California
SITE
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for fill
SITE*
Address
Owner ( s)
Operator(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of ponds
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for ponds
Additional notes
SITE
Address
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Available, contact Bob Teets, Richard
Chastain
Available, contact Bob Teets, Richard
Chastairi
IMPERIAL WEST CHEMICAL COMPANY
Imperial West Chemical Company
1701 Wilbur Avenue
Antioch, California
(415) 757—8230
DA. Huckaboy
Hypalon R (30 mu)
February 1971
Ferrous chloride, pickle liquor
Available, contact D.A. Huckaboy
Available, contact D.A. Huckaboy
JOHN SMITH SOLID W S E DISPOSAL SITE
John Smith Road
Hollister, California 95023
County of San Benito
City of Hollister
375 5th Street
Hollister, California 95023
Roger Grimsley
Clay (9 ft) (two ponds)
January 1977
24 ft
California Class I, mainly pesticides
Available, contact Roger Grimsley
Available, contact Roger Griinsley
City also cperates a lined solid waste
landfill accepting Class II wastes
LINDSAY INDUSTRIAL WASTE
RD. 188 and 137
Lindsay, California
City of Lindsay
P.O. Box 369
Lindsay, California 93247
(209) 562—2511
Marvin L. Johnson
Polyethylene (10 mu)
44
-------
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
SITE
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date(s) of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for ponds
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of xDfldS
1970—1972
0—6 ft
Olive brine liquid
t available
Available, contact George Stink
US. BORAX AT BOW)N, CALIFO1 IA
U.S. Borax and Chemicals
3075 Wilshire Blvd.
Los Angeles, California 90010
(213) 381—5811 x 2131
T. Cromwell
Ralph Brown
Tertiary clays (several
thicknesses of clay)
October 1975, December 1976
20 ft
Available, contact Marvin L. Johnson
TRI—VALLEY GRC ’JERS- PLANE #8
12806 Road 26N
Madera, California 94106
(415) 445—1600
Bob Parodi
(209) 526—4100
Black polyethylene (10 inil)
1967, 1968, 1971, 1973
10 ft
Olive processing
Available from manufacturer, contact
Bob Parodi
Available, contact California Regional
Water Quality Control Board
WESTE1 J FARM SERVICE
Western Farm Service
24778 Avenue 13
Madera, California 93637
(209) 674—6741
George Stink
I)Duble liner— Hypalon®(30 mu) and
PVC (10 mU)
September/October 1976
17 ft
Fertilizer waste
Available, contact Burke Industries
ponds, various
45
-------
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for ponds
Nevada
SITE
Owner ( s)
c erator(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
REGIct 1 10
Alaska
SITE
Owner (s)
Address
Type of liner
Date of installation
Type of waste
Industrial slurry, underflow from
thickeners of borax production
Available, contact T. Cromwell
Available, contact T. Cromwell
VALLEY NITROGEN PRODUCTS, HELM PLkNT
12688 South Colorado Avenue
Helm, California 93627
Valley Nitrogen Products Co—op, Inc.
1221 Van Ness Avenue
Fresno, California 93717
(209) 486—0100
Wade Reynolds
wC
Surruiier 1976
(kie pond is 6 ft, the other is 2 ft
Processed waste from fertilizer plant
Available, contact Wade Reynolds
Available, contact Wade Reynolds
Foote Mineral Canpany Site
U.S. Government (own land)
Foote Mineral Company (lease land)
General Delivery
Silver Peake, Nevada 89047
(702) 937—2222
Tom Cooper
Asphalt membrane on asphalt concrete
1970—1971
Maximum of 15 ft
Lithium brine
Available, contact Tout Cooper
Available, contact Tom Cooper
TESOR) ALASKAN PETROLEUM CORP. SITE
Tesoro Alaskan Petroleum Corp.
Nikiski, Alaska
(907) 776—8191
Asphalt and polypropylene fiber mat
November 1969
Oil refinery wastewater
46
-------
Not available
chemicals contained in disused silos
OREGON POLLUTION X)NrIOL CENTER
Star Route
Arlington, Oregon 97812
Chern—Nuclear Systems, Inc.
P.O. Box 1269
krtland, Oregon 97207
(503) 454—2777, (503) 223—1912
Patrick H. Wicks
Asphalt and gravel composite (2—3 in.)
(two trenches)
March/April 1976
25—30 ft
Miscellaneous hazardous waste
Contact Patrick H. Wicks
Patrick H. Wick
also has two ponds lined with
reinforced PVC (30 mu, and ?
installed June 1976, October
SECONDARY AERATION STABILIZATION BASIN
Weyerhaeuser Company
P.O. Box 75
Springfield, Oregon 97477
(503) 746—2511
Wayne Nay
Goodyear vinyl film AV—2537 (10 mu)
+ clay underneath (18 in.)
1965
12 ft
WES-CON, INC., TITAN SITE
Wes—Con, Inc.
P.O. Box 564
Twin Falls, Idaho 83301
(208) 734—7711
Gene Rinebold
Concrete
1964
170 ft
Miscellaneous hazardous waste
Not available
Idaho
SITE
CX ner(s)
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of site
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for site
Additional notes
Oregon
SITE
Address
Owner ( s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of trench
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for trenches
Additional notes
SITE
Owner(s)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of basin
‘I ype of waste
Contact
Company
fiber
mu),
1976
Pulp and paper board wastes
47
-------
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for basin
Washington
Available, contact Wayne Nay
Available, contact Wayne Nay
SITE
Owner Cs)
Address
Contact
Type of liner
Date of installation
Depth of waste
Type of waste
Availability of liner specs.
Availability of construction
plans for pond
BJISE CASCADE, VANCOUVER PAPER G1 JUP
Boise Cascade, Vancouver Paper Group
907 West 7th Street
Vancouver, Washington 98666
(206) 693—2567
Rick Webber
Hypalon ®
1976
21 ft
Aerated pulp mill wastewater
Available, contact Rick Webber
Available, contact Rick Webber
48
-------
SEC IC* 5
METHODS OF EXCPLVATI A FILL ‘lD REt4CWE A ORPION OF LINER
The excavation of a sanitary landfill is not a simple matter and must
include consideration of many factors unique to each fill, for example:
(a) Density — The density of solid waste in a landfill is extremely var-
iable and depends both on the composition of the waste and degree of
ctsnpaction achieved. The density may be as great as 1,500 lbs/yd 3 ,
though average values of 800 to 1,000 lb/yd3 are achieved by noder-
ate compaction (Brunner and Keller, 1972). Also, because different
wastes decompose at differing rates, there will be variable densi-
ties recorded throughout the fill, as daily loads of waste will not
have identical composition. Density influences both the rate at
which the fill settles, and the bearing capacity of the ccmpleted
fill.
(b) Settlement — As the fill is constructed, it will settle as a result
of decomposition, daily addition of waste, and settling of fine
cover material into voids between solid waste matter. Decanposit ion
of the waste is the prime factor in settling and is accelerated by
high anounts of water in the fill. Settlement also depends on the
canposition of the wastes, their degree of compaction and the volume
ratio of daily cover to waste material (Brunner and Keller, 1972).
A diagram of a sanitary landfill is given in Figure 1.
(c) Bearing capacity — The bearing capacity or integrity of a ct*npleted
cell is a measure of its ability to support foundations (and heavy
equi nent). Sowers (1968) reported that the bearing capacity of a
cx npleted sanitary landfill was between 500—800 lb/f t 2 , though it
must be emphasized that this range of values is not predictable.
(d) Decc*lposition — Most of the materials in a sanitary landfill will
decompose though at different rates. As mentioned above, the den-
sity of a given fill will vary in spots depending on the decompos-
ition rates of the wastes contained therein. As organic material
decomposes under anaerobic conditions prevailing at the base of the
site, highly corrosive organic acids are formed, and the explosive
and toxic gases, methane and hydrogen sulfide are also produced.
Decciriposing landfilled wastes can be and have been successfully excav-
ated for construction purposes. This type of excavation is both expensive
and hazardous. It must be emphasized that any rkmen involved in such
efforts should wear protective clothing and gas masks, and that no open
49
-------
LFAQIATE
Cell height
I —
4.
Lift height
Toe
Internediate cover
0
igina1 grnd
Figure 1. A lined sanitary landfill
-------
flames should be permitted, so as to prevent explosion of the methane gener-
ated by the decomposing wastes.
To retrieve a small portion of liner fran a fill for subsequent labor-
atory testing, it is necessary to excavate either a narrow trench, or limited
area vertical shaft large enough to allow one man freedom of novement at the
base. The excavation would be conducted by machinery to within 6 in. to 12
in. of the liner, while the final liner cover would nDst safely be r TKved
fran the liner by hand. The workman in the trench would manually renove a
portion of liner (24 in. x 24 in.), and then patch the hole before ascending
to the surface. To determine the nost efficient methods of excavation to
within inches of the liner, the density, rate of settlement, deocniposition
and bearing capacity of the fill must be known. As mentioned above, these
factors vary depending on the composition and management of each fill, and
will even vary within a given fill.
Hence, it is not possible to recommend specific excavation equipnent
that may be generally a p1icab1e to all fills. Each site chosen by the
Environmental Protection Agency should be considered a unique engineering
problem. Given this qualification, it is possible to describe and compare
the three possible methods suggested by the Agency in a very general manner
only.
THE DRAGLINE
A dragline excavator is a crane unit with a drag bucket attached by
cable to the boom. The lower end of the crane is pivoted from a turntable
rrounted on either caterpillar treads or wheels (see Figure 2). A hoist cable
attached to the drag bucket passes over sheaves at the outer end of the boom,
and is anchored to an operating drum in the superstructure. A drag cable
f ran the bucket is attached to a second operating drum in the cab. A third
drum may be added to increase the pulling action on the bucket. The bucket
is loaded by scraping it along the top layer of soil toward the machine by
means of the drag cable. The bucket is lifted by the hoist cable, and the
boom is pivoted to above the dumping point. Release of the drag cable will
tilt, and hence discharge the bucket. The dragline operates below and beyond
the end of the boom. c*rking dimensions of the dragline for various bucket
sizes are surrTnarized in Table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the maximum digging depth for a dragline is
approximately equal to half the length of the boom, while the digging reach
is slightly greater than the length of the boom. The dragline has great
flexibility, but is difficult to spot accurately in both the scraping and
dumping positions. The digging force of the dragline is less than that of a
shovel of the same power, though the force may be improved by attaching the
drag chain hitch to a higher point on the bucket. If heavier counterweights
and larger crawlers are used to improve the stability of the machine, then
for shorter boom lengths, the capacity of the bucket may be larger than the
shovel-dipper rating of the machine.
Drag buckets may be of light, medium or heavy weight depending on the
type of material to be excavated. Light weight buckets are used for loose
51
-------
Figure 2. A dragline
52
-------
TABLE 1
TYPICAL DRAGLINE EXCAVA IOR DIMENSIC S
(Day, 1973)
Item
Bucket
size
in cubic
yards (CY)
3/4
1
1 1/4
1 3/4
2
Dumping radius,
ft
30
35
36
45
53
Dumping height,
ft
17
17
17
25
28
Maximum digging
depth,
ft
12
16
19
24
30
Digging reach,
ft
40
45
46
57
68
Boom length, ft
35
40
40
50
60
Bucket length,
ft
11.5
14.67
11.83
13.08
14
Note that these values apply to operation of the excavator with its boom at
a 40° angle to the horizon.
Fran Construction EquipT ent Guide by D.A. Day. Copyright © 1973 by Wiley—
Interscience publications. Used with permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
clay soil or granular material; heavy duty buckets with reinforced metal
plates are used to excavate broken rock or other abrasive material; while
medium weight buckets are used for clays, compacted sands and gravels, or
any small grained material.
Uses of the dragline are summarized in Table 2. The dragline is con-
sidered most ideally suited to loose bulk excavation (Carson, 1961). On a
large landfill , a dragline is rated as excellent for excavating large areas
of loosely compacted soil for cover material (Brunner and Keller, 1972). It
may be used to spread cover material, but is only fair in performance. The
dragline is not considered suitable for spreading or compacting solid waste.
Figure 3 showS the maximum practical digging depths for various lengths
of boom. As can be seen from the diagram, the maximum digging angle at the
landfill is about 45° using a dragline excavator. It is obvious that for
digging a trench of any depth, a very wide area must be excavated. Given the
performance limitations of the dragline excavator, and the variable and often
high density of material within the fill, it does not appear that the drag-
line is a suitable piece of equi zment for excavating a narrow but possibly
deep shaft in a solid waste fill.
Table 3 below gives the theoretical hourly production in cubic yards
(CY) for a dragline operating in different types of soil with variously
sized buckets. The figures in parenthesis refer to the optimum depth in feet
to which the excavation may be cut in that soil for the given size bucket.
These figures assume 83% job efficiency, 100% operator efficiency, 90° swing
of boom and 50 minute hours. The hauling units are considered to be of cor-
rect sizing for the excavation conditions, but no allowance has been made for
difficult digging or loading conditions (Godfrey, 1975). Actual hourly pro—
53
-------
TABLE 2
SEVERAL (YJMPAPPJTIVE PERFORMANCE CHARP PERISPICS OF THE DRAGLINE AN]) THE BACKHOE
characteristic
Dragline
Bac]choe
Flexibility
Greater reach and dumping height
Reach and dumping height dimensions
for same size excavator, reach may
approximately 50% less than a drag—
be extended by using a longer boom,
line of same size, but better con-
trol of width and depth of trench,
especially digging non—honogeneous
material.
Depth of operation
Depth approximately 50% of boom
length— up to maximum of 30 ft,
in practice optimum depth for
digging in landfill probably less
than 14 ft. Scraping rather than
digging action, not considered
ideal for vertical excavation, dig-
ging force may be improved by attach-
ing drag chain hitch to a higher point
on bucket.
l bre x erful digging action than
dragline, crane iiounted units oper—
ate frcii 12 to just over 30 ft deep,
largest Gradall will dig 25 ft
straight down. C timum depth of 6—
14 ft for hard, sticky material.
Stability
Safe load capacity is 65% of ti ing
load— extra stability by using 36 in.
tracks rather than 30 in, also may ex-
tend tracks outward at 90° to in—
crease stability.
Basic feature of rTost backhoes are
outrigger stabilizing feet at 90°to
trench line, feet may be retracted
as hoe noves backward.
Uses
Digging of loose bulk material—
including dry sands and gravels,
loose and wet clays and silts,
soil completely saturated and below
water surface, e.g. sand and gravel
pit production, strip mining, dredg-
ing, irrigation and drainage chanels.
!i bst useful for excavation of hard
rock or consolidated material, may
reiove sections of hard rock with
or without blasting. Hydraulic hoes
and the Gradall may be canbined with
front end loader or dozer blade, can
then backfill and grade own trench-
es. Especially used for trenching
-------
—..
(UI O
— L_J/LL
I
-
—o
- J -
4 9r
crane boom.
ovoilable - .
size crone
I, v
i .\l 1N
I Recommended boom’
s length for droglines
fl ol sizes indicated. 1’ ’
i7
NO
H_J— Adjustable jibs for —
light lifts Only. —
- Max. lengths Shown —p.
Clamshell bucket
,/stockoile widibs. —
Allow 0 tO 15 clam
/j height above pile
—
‘(4D fNo -StockPIle dia.
Figure 3. ¶t pica1 working ranges for cranes arxi draglines
Fran Handbook of Heavy Construction by F .W. Stubbs. Copyright © 1959 by
McGraw —Hill Bcok Canpany. Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Book Carpany.
20
-- -&
110
-S__ i ; 5 —
fOOL ‘I
I Standard
— Lengths
— ,. for eacri
90
J1 / (
Li ! ;Yi:2 : g
-
\-‘ ‘
I
c i ;
30J
—
—
)
__ 2
i
— ‘1o 3O b 1 ° 60 70 [ 80flTho
— JL Distance from ( rotation in feet
d , Max. practical dragline depth —
— 0o wittt3Oboomatlowongle
f—I -H-’- -
i r w/50 boom
11111
O T15
125 —
- —
-— —
111111
J
‘ 4’
J
w/6Q boom
55
-------
duction rates are probably about 50% of these theoretical values. As can be
seen from Table 3, optimum depths for the given soils are less than 14 ft.
The cost figures calculated for use of the dragline are based on much lower
hourly rates of production (see below).
TABLE 3
THEORETICAL HOURLY PRODUCTION OF A DR? GLINE D CAVA1OR
(Godfrey, 1975)
Type of soil
Bucket size
(CY)
1
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4
Moist loam, sandy
clay
130
(6.6)
180
(7.4)
220
(8.0)
250
(8.5)
290
(9.0)
325
(9.5)
385
(10.0)
Sand and gravel
130
(6.6)
175
(7.4)
210
(8.0)
245
(8.5)
280
(9.0)
315
(9.5)
375
(10.0)
ComriDn earth
110
(8.0)
160
(9.0)
190
(9.9)
220
(10.5)
250
(11.0)
280
(11.5)
310
(13.0)
Clay, hard dense
90
(9.3)
130
(10.7)
160
(11.8)
190
(12.3)
225
(12.8)
250
(13.3)
280
(12.0)
From Means Building Construction Cost Data, 1976 edited by R.S. Godfrey.
Copyright ®1975 by R.S.Means Co., Inc. Used with permission of R.S. Means
Co., Inc.
Cost of Dragline Operation
The following costs are based upon Means cost catalogue (Godfrey, 1975).
These figures are average values for 30 major cities of the United States;
actual costs may be nore or less depending on location, availability of
equi xnent, labor efficiency, local union restrictions, weather, season of the
year and any of a number of other variables. Labor rates are usually given
as the billing rate which includes fringe benefits, insurance, taxes and con-
tractor’s overhead and profit. Equi nent costs include equi ent, rental and.
operating costs. Where the equi inent costs include payment of the cperat—
or(s) this is so indicated.
The shortest period of time for which men and machinery may be engaged
for the excavation is considered to be an eight hour work day. Hence, the
minimum cost for an excavation which may take less than eight hours is still
the cost of renting the equi znent for one day plus a day’s wages for the op-
erator(s). This figure is quoted even if the digging of one hole takes only
minutes. It might be possible to hire men and machinery for periods of less
than a day, especially if equipuent is already available at the fill. These
figures are not given. If the time of excavation for retrieving one sample
56
-------
at a particular depth is very short, then obviously several samples can be
taken. If the time of excavation is greater than eight hours, then only one
sample is retrieved in order to minimize costs.
Once the minimum number of days required to complete the excavation
was calculated, an additional $200/day was added to cover the expenses of
a consultant expert to renove and patch the liner. This figure was based on
discussions with manufacturers of lining materials. An additional one—time
cost of $200 was included to cover rental of safety equipment, hand digging
tools, geographical variations, and increase in wages and/or equipment hire
since the original figures were published. It was decided not to use a stan-
dard index to u rade costs for inflation for several reasons: in some areas
labor costs have remained steady or even decreased over the past few years;
rental costs may not have risen as much as the standardized inflation factor
would suggest, because of competition between sub—contractors in a particular
locale. Also, it must be remembered that the prices quoted fran Godfrey are
averages for the country, and will originally have been both lower and higher
than the given values.
Godfrey (1975) recorrunends a 5 to 20% contingency mark—up to allcM for
unforseen construction difficulties. As there are so many unforseen prob-
lems which might arise when retrieving a portion of liner from a solid waste
landfill, it was decided to use the 20% contingency factor.
Calculations:
For a 3/4 CY bucket,
Daily output = 280 CY
F uipnent cost = $0.58/C
Hence, equipment cost = $0.58 x 280/day
= $163/day (rounded up to near-
est $)
Wages for one equipient operator (med.) = $110/day
Wages for one building laborer = $85.20/day
Total wages = $195.20/day
Therefore,
minimum cost for labor and equipment = $358/day (to nearest dollar)
According to Day (1973), daily rate for rental is usually 1/3 of weekly
rate. Therefore, weekly rental of equipment costs the daily rate x 3,
i.e. $489/week
Basic weekly cost = $1,465
(equipment + labor)
For a 1 1/2 CY bucket,
Daily output = 520 CY
Equipment cost = $0. 50/CY
Hence, equipment cost = $0.50 x 520/day
= $260
57
-------
Wages for two operators as 3/4 bucket = $195.20
Therefore,
minimum
cost for labor and equip nent $455/day (to nearest $)
TABLE 4
MINIMUM NUMBER OF DAYS REQUIRED R)R 3/4 CY BUCKET,
9Q 0 SwIr 3, RATI OF 35 CY/HR
Depth dug
(ft)
Boom ith Vol. of excav.
(ft) (CY)
App
for
rox. t irne
one excav.
Minimum
no. of days
(hrs)
10
30
9.3
0.26
1
15
30
31.3
0.90
1
20
30
74.1
2.12
1
30
40
250.0
7.14
1
40
50
593.0
16.93
3
50
60
1188.0
33.93
5
Note that the volith or excavation is an approximate figure based on the
solid geometry of the excavation by the dragline. Also note that for depths
of excavation less than 20 ft, it is possible to take several samples In one
day. For depths of 1 to 5 ft plus, it is rrore economical to employ hand
labor.
TABLE 5
MINIMUM COSTS OF DRAGLINE OPERATICN
3/4 CY BUCKET, 90° SWING, RATING OF 35 CY/HR
Depth
(ft)
Cost of labor
+ equipnent
Costs + $400
as described
Costs + 20%
gency
contin—
($‘s)
10
($‘s)
358
above
758
($‘s)
910
15
358
758
910
20
358
758
910
30
358
758
910
40
358x3 = 1074
1474
1770
50
1465*
1865
2238
* Note that weekly rate is
used here.
Note that the costs above do not include scaffolding if needed, nor do
they include the cost of filling the excavation. Since there is a possibil-
ity that a shallow excavation will maintain its integrity, these figures are
not included in Table 5. Costs of scaffolding if required are found in Table
8 below. Since the dragline cannot be used to backfill any excavation in the
solid waste, a separate table is given for daily hire of dozer to backfill
(see Table 9).
58
-------
TABLE 6
MINIMUM NUMBER OF D1%LYS REQUIRED FOR A 1 1/2 CY BUCKET
900 SWING, RATING OF 65 CY/HR
Depth dug
(ft)
Boali length Vol. of excav. Approx. time Minimum no.
(ft) (CY) for one excav • of days
(hrs)
10
30 9.3 0.14 1
15
30 31.3 0.48 1
20
30 74.1 1.14 1
30
40 250.0 3.85 1
40
50 593.0 9.12 2
50
60 1188.0 18.28 3
TABLE 7
MINIMUM ODSTS OF DRAGLINE OPERATION
1 1/2 CY BUCKET, 900 SWING, RATING OF 65 CY/HR
Depth
Cost of labor Costs + $400 Costs + 20% contin—
(ft)
+ equi m nt as described gency ($‘s)
($‘s) above ($ s)
10
455 855 1026
15
455 855 1026
20
455 855 1026
30
455 855 1026
40
455x2 = 910 1310 1572
50
455x3 = 1365 1765 2118
As can be seen from cc*iiparing Tables 5 and 7, naninally it is cheaper to
rent the smaller capacity machine for depths of less than 30 ft. Actually,
with the larger machine at the lower depths, it is x)ssib1e to dig approxim-
ately twice as many samples per day. Of course, if men and machinery can be
hired on an hourly basis, then the larger capacity machine bec’anes ni re econ—
anical.
TABLE 8
OPTIONAL OJST OF SCAF1 OLDI
(Godfrey, 1975)
Depth of excav.
(ft)
Cost/f t2
($‘s)
Cost of scaffolding
($‘s)
10
2.55
255
15
3.50
787
20
3.85
1540
30
II
3465
40
“
6160
50
1
9625
59
-------
The scaffolding is s xDod solid sheeting, without piles, but including
bracing, pull and salvage valve.
TABLE 9
fl’ ILY RE1 I AL OF DIESEL TRP CIOR, DOZER, CR1 WLER
(Godfrey, 1975)
Power
(HP)
Rental*
($‘s)
65
240
105
275
140
350
l80
400
270
550
385
770
*ciflcludes operator
Tables 8 and 9 from Means Building Construction Cost Data, 1976 edited by
R.S. Godfrey. Copyright ©1975 by R.S. Means Co., Inc. Data used with
permission.
There is every possibility that there would be a dozer available at the
landfill site. It may be therefore possible to hire dozer and operator for
hourly periods as required.
Summary
The dragline form of excavation would renove a. larger area of the fill
than really required. For depths of less than 10 ft, it would be nore eco-
nomical to employ hand labor. For depths requiring wooden. shoring. tojnain—
tam the integrity of the steep slope of the cut, the costs become unreason-
able. It would also be necessary to rent a dozer to backfill the excavation.
THE B1 CKHOE
The backhoe or pull shovel is considered the nost versatile piece of
equi nent used for digging trenches. The backhoe unit may be rrounted on
either a crane—type or tractor equi nent and supported on wheels or crawler
tracks. The hoe has a boom, and a dipper stick with the hoe dipper attached
to the outer end. It may be controlled by either cables or hydraulic cylin-
ders. Figure 4 shows the comparative functional design elements of the back—
hoe and the dragline.
Like the dragline, the backhoe operates by pulling its load toward the
source of power. Unlike the dragline, it is easy to position and control the
bucket, and hence control the depth and width of the trench nore precisely
(Carson, 1961). Basic characteristics of the backhoe and the dragline are
compared in Table 2.
60
-------
(a) Dragline
(b) Backboe
_______bucket
drag cable
From Standard Handbook for Civil fl-igineering by F . S. Merritt. Copyright © 1971
by McGraw-Hill Book Canpany. Us i withpermission of McGraw-Hill Book Company.
hoist
cable
boän
mst
dipper stick
Figi re 4. Canparative functional design e1ar nts
of the dragline and the backhoe
bo a n
drag cable
61
-------
The boom swings both horizontally and vertically fran the support equip-
nEnt, while the dipper stick pivots about the outer end of the boczn in the
vertical plane only. The dipper bucket may be pivoted for digging. The
bucket is 8nptied by raising the boom to clear the trench, pivoting the boom
horizontally by rotating the turntable, and then opening the bucket. Stab-
ilizing feet at 90° to the body of the equi nent may be retracted as the hoe
noves backward.
The hoe dipper has a cutting tooth and side—cutters of variable size.
The capacity of bucket and size of side—cutters are chosen depending on the
type of material to be excavated. A narrow bucket with minimum flaring side—
cutters is preferred for highly carpacted and non—horn3genous digging such as
might be expected in a sanitary landfill. The narrower bucket exerts a
greater digging force per inch on contact with the soil (Carson, 1961). If
the trench required must be wider than the bucket, then two short parallel
cuts could be made in the fill.
Hydraulic controls are less rugged than the cable—operated mechanism,
but are nore precise (Day, 1973). The hydraulic backhoe often has a front—
end loader or bulldozer attachment so that the machine can backfill and grade
its own trenches.
The Gradall is a type of hydraulic backhoe with an extensible boom that
will permit excavation, backfill and grading. It is available both on a
crawler nounting and rubber tired truck chassis. The boom is designed in
several sections which can be extended up to 100 ft if required, or retracted
for close work. The front digging edge of the Gradall bucket may be turned
at a 45° angle to the backhoe’s center line, and hence can slope the trench
sides to any angle depending on the position of the equi tnent.
Figure 5 shows the range of depth, reach, and dumping height for the
nore cannonly available size of hoe. The largest backhoes will dig to a
depth of 30 ft. The depth achieved can be extended by attaching long arms to
one piece booms, or by adjusting the foreboom angle on two piece booms (Anon,
1976). The attachment of a clamshell bucket rather than the standard dipper
bucket will also extend the depth of a given backhoe. Side digging can be
eliminated by fitting a clam rotator between the clam and its extension
(Anon, 1976). The clamshell bucket is shown in Figure 6 below.
A dipper tooth may be nounted to the bucket to make it easier to excav-
ate very hard material. Also, the shorter the boom, the greater the digging
action. A backhoe with a two—piece boom is useful in that the arm may be
shortened at the landfill site if necessary, simply by changing the pin con-
nection at the boom—forearm joint (Anon, 1976).
The backhoe can also be used to compact trench beds and steep slopes by
bolting a sheepsfoot roller to the back of the dipper bucket. Sane nr)dels
may apparently be clamped directly onto the bucket in less than one minute
(Anon, 1976).
Table 10 gives the theoretical hourly production of a hydraulic backhoe
for a 15 ft deep cut in different types of soil for the given size of buck—
62
-------
Figure 5.
Hoe digging ranges
Fran Har book of Heavy Cbnstruction by F.W. Stubbs. Copyright© 1959 by
Mc 3raw-Hi11 Book ccrnpany. US with permission of MGraw-Hill Book Qinpany.
feet
63
-------
Figure 6. The clamshell bucket
Fran General Excavation Methods by A.B. Carson. WpyrightGJl96l by M raw-
Hill Book Car any. Used with permission fran McGraw-Hill Book amipany.
64
-------
et. This table may be compared with Table 3 which presents equivalent data
for the dragline. The same assumptions apply to both sets of figures.
TABLE 10
mEDRL’rICAL HOURLY P1 )DUCPION OF A HYDRPtJLIC B1 CKHOE
(Godfrey, 1975)
1 ype_of_soil
Bucket siz
e (CY)
F
1 172
2
2
1/2
3
3 1/2
4
Moist loam, sandy
clay
85
125
175
220
275
330
380
Sand arid gravel
80
120
160
205
260
310
365
CanmDn earth
70
105
150
190
240
280
330
Clay, hard dense
65
100
130
170
210
255
300
From Means Building Construction Cost Data, 1976 edited by R.S. Godfrey.
Copyright © 1975 by R.S. Means Co., Inc. Used with permission of R.S. Means
Co., Inc.
Cost of Bacjchoe C erat ion
All calculations below are for a diesel hydraulic backhoe, crawler moun-
ted, maximum digging angle of 450, and different hoe capacities as indicated.
The previous discussion on costing for the dragline also applies to the back—
hoe.
TABLE 11
RENTAL FEES FOR ThE B CKHOE
(Godfrey, 1975)
Capacity Rent/day* Rent/week Rent/day Rent/day ÷ 20%
(CY) ($‘s) ( $‘s ) + $400 continqe y
1 380 950 780 936
1 1/2 560 1300 960 1152
2 700 1500 1100 1320
3 1/2 1100 2900 1500 1800
* Daily rental includes operators, weekly rental does not
Raw data from Means Bui1din Construction Cost Data, 1976 edited by R.S.
Godfrey. Copyright ©1975 by R.S. Means Co., Inc. Used with permission of
R.S. Means Co., Inc.
65
-------
TABLE 12
MAXIMUM REACH JND DEPTH FOR VARIOUSLY SIZED HOES
(maximum digging angle of 45°)
Hoe size Max. reach of boom
(CY) (ft)
Max. depth excav.
(ft)
1
35
22
11/2
42
25
2
49
30
31/2
70
45
TABLE 13
MINIMUM NUMBER OF DAYS FOR EXCAVATION USThP3 A BACKHOE
Hoe size
(Cl)
Depth dug
(ft)
Vol.*of excav. Capacity
(Cl) (CY/hr)
Approx. time
for one excav.
(hrs)
Minimum no.
of days
1
10
15
20
22
4.63
15.60
37.00
49.29
45
0.10
0.35
0.82
1.10
1
1
1
1
1
1/2
10
15
20
25
4.63
15.60
37.00
72.33
60
0.08
0.26
0.62
1.21
1
1
1
1
2
10
15
20
25
30
4.63
15.60
37.00
72.33
125.00
75
0.06
0.21
0.49
0.96
1.67
1
1
1
1
1
3
1/2
10
15
20
30
40
4.63
15.60
37.00
125.00
296.30
150
0.03
0.10
0.25
0.83
1.98
1
1
1
1
1
* The volume excavated is based upon the maximum digging angle of 45°, ar*3
the solid ge netry of the trench dug at the given depths. Hence, it is
only an approximation, and could have a very different value.
66
-------
It is clear from examination of Table 13, that even for the smallest
capacity hoe given, it takes less than an hour (and in some cases only min-
utes) to dig the required excavation. Hence, it is possible to take several
samples/day, the number taken depending on depth of liner, size of hoe and
time taken to i rove equipnent to new sites at the fill. Once again, if a
minimum number of samples are required, then if possible the equipnent should
be rented by the hour, or for half a day only.
If equipT ent is to be rented on a daily basis, then for intermediate
depths (10—25 ft), it is cost effective to rent a machine with a lower cap-
acity (45 or 60 CY/hr, hoe size of 1 or 1 1/2 CY).
For all samples as described above, the minimum cost becomes the daily
cost plus $400 with 20% mark—up for contingencies. The $400 covers $200/day
for the consultant expert to renPDve and patch the liner, and a one—time cost
of $200 for rental of safety eguipnent, hand digging tools, inflation, geo-
graphical variations in cost, etc. The cost of scaffolding if needed would
be less than that required when using a dragline (see Table 8) because the
area of the excavation is much smaller with the backhoe. Rates for wooden
scaffolding per square foot are given in Table 8. If the backhoe comes with
a dozer attachment, it would not be necessary to rent a dozer to backfill.
Summary
For depths of 10 to 30 ft, a backhoe would be ITore efficient and riore
econanical than the dragline. For shallower depths, manual digging is
preferred. A backhoe with a dozer attachment eliminates the necessity of
hiring ditional equipoent. The backhoe is not suitable for excavations
much deeper than 35 ft.
CAISSON EXCAVATION
A caisson or pier foundation is a vertical shaft excavated either by
hand or machine, lined with a box—like structure made of wood, concrete or
steel and filled with concrete. The box—like structure used to support the
shaft prior to pouring the concrete is termed a caisson.
The simplest shaft is dug manually in the open air at normal atnospheric
pressure by a workman operating in an area of 4 ft minimum diameter. Equip-
ment required includes a tripod on which to load the waste, a hoist apparat-
us to r iove debris from the shaft, and possibly a pump.
A rotary drill rig is used to dig shafts from 20 to 100 ft. A drill
shaft termed a Kelly bar is suspended from the outer end of a standard
crawler, crane, or similar hoisting unit. At the lower end of the Kelly bar,
a large horizontal gear on a horizontal supporting table (Kelly yoke) rotates
the Kelly bar for drilling. The gear is driven by chain from a powered drum
attached to the front of the control cabin. The boom raises and lowers the
Kelly bar which has a bucket attached to the lower end.
The digging is actually done by the bucket which has a cutting edge sim-
ilar to a post—hole augur. Soil enters the bottom of the bucket as it rot—
67
-------
ates. As the bucket is withdrawn from the soil, the crane swings away from
the hole and the hinged bucket is opened to dump its contents. There are
several designs of bucket pussible, but usually the maximum diameter of the
bucket is 4 ft. The casing may be placed during or after excavation of the
hole.
Such equipnent can dig a 100 ft shaft, 6 to 7 ft in diameter in 12 hours
and is ITost useful for cohesive soils where water is not a problem (Stubbs,
1959). This method of excavation is sometimes known as the dry process (see
Figure 7).
Figure 8 shows a wet—process excavator. Here, a mud slurry is driven
into the shaft to help prevent cave—in prior to insertion of the casing.
During the entire drilling process the shaft remains full of slurry. The
pressure of the slurry in the shaft should overbalance the hydrostatic pres-
sure in the surrounding ground so that the active hydrostatic pressure in the
shaft is directed radially outward against the walls. The slurry circulates
back up the shaft between the drill and the caisson sides carrying loose cut
material upwards. Water overflows into the sump and can be pumped back into
the caisson.
The wet process would not be suitable for excavation of hazardous wastes
as the circulating water would be impregnated with toxic, inflammable or ex-
plosive wastes, endangering all workers on the site.
The shaft may be lined in a number of ways depending on the nature of
the soil excavated. Telescoping removable steel cylinders may be inserted in
the hole as it is dug. These cylinders are typically 1/4 in. plate and 8 to
16 ft long. The largest diameter cylinder is first inserted in the pit ex-
tending approximately 1 ft above ground level to prevent water (leachate,
rain, drainage) from seeping into the hole. The second cylinder inserted is
about 2 in. less in diameter, and laps the outer end of the first. The space
between the two cylinders may be pumped out and caulked. Each cylinder is
pushed or driven into the shaft.
Alternatively, the telescoping caisson may be made of a series of con-
crete cylinders inserted in a similar fashion to the steel lining. The
caisson may be inserted during or after excavation of the shaft and may be
driven into the ground or sink under its own weight.
Pre—cast concrete cylinders with a cutting edge on the bottom cylinder
may be forced into the earth by hammer or dead weight, and then dredged using
a clamshell or orange peel bucket.
The “Chicago method” of lining a shaft refers to the placement of wooden
lagging around the shaft in four to five foot sections. The lagging is made
of boards 2 in. x 6 in. or 3 in. x 6 in. in dimensions, bevelled at the edges
and grooved so as to hug the sides of the shaft. Horizontal steel rings hold
the boards in place against the walls of the shaft rather like hoops holding
together the staves of a barrel.
For building of a foundation, the casing may either be retracted slowly
68
-------
Figure 7. Caisson excavation — the dry process
Fran Civil Engineering HaITBDOOk by B. Urquhart. Copyright ( ) 1963 by McGraw-
Hill Book Canpany. Used with permission of McGraw—Hill Book Canpany.
69
-------
Figure 8. Caisson excavation — the wet process
Frc Civil Egineerir Harxlbcok by B. Urquhart. Copyright® 1963 by Mc raw-
1-1±11 Book Cutpany. US with permission of McGraw —Hill Book Canpany.
70
-------
while the concrete is poured, or for an additional cost be left in place.
Jhen used to support a deep vertical shaft in a landf ill, the caisson would
be left in place until the expert had descended into the shaft, ren ved a
portion of liner, patched the hole, and been hoisted to the surface. The
shaft could be belied—out at the foot by manual excavation to enlarge the
working area for the expert (see Figure 9).
belied—
out foot
rot cased
Cost of Caisson Exçavat ion
According to the 1976 Dodge Handbook, it costs a minimum lunp sum of
$k3,047 to nove in the drilling rig, set it up and hove it Out. This cost
does not include drilling the hole, inserting the casing, rerroving the cas-
ing nor backfilling the shaft. Job costs given in the Dodge Handbook for
caisson excavation include the cost of filling the shaft with concrete, i.e.
the entire cost of building a pier foundation. No estimates were found for
simply drilling the required size of shaft, inserting the caisson and then
renoving it after the liner sample(s) were taken.
It was decided that in order to give some idea of the relationship bet-
ween cost, cross—sectional area and depth of shaft drilled, that the figures
for building a concrete foundation, with rem3val of casing would be quoted.
The cost of concrete per cubic yard varies depending on the type of rein-
forcement used. Given a range of about $35 to $60 per cubic yard, it is pos-
sible to renove the costs of the concrete (though not costs of pouring the
concrete) from the figures given by Dodge (1975).
The costs given are therefore not accurate, but do indicate that the
caisson method of excavation would be very expensive. These costs do not
hoisting
line
steel
shell
extractor
Fig ire 9. Straight aixi belied-out shafts for casing
71
-------
include the additional $200/day previously mentioned for the services of an
expert to remove and reseal the liner; nor the one—time cost of $200 to a1kx i
for inflation, geographical variation in cost, hire of safety equip1 ent and
hand digging tools, etc.; nor the 20% contingency mark—up.
TABLE 14
co r OF CAISSON OPERATION/LINEAR FO(Y - (X)NCRE’TE POURED, CASI REMOVED
(Dodge Handbook, 1975)
Diameter
$ Cost/ft
48
in.
16.92
60
43.07
Fran the Dodge Manual for Building Construction Pricing and Scheduling .
Copyright c McGraw—Hill Book Company. Used with permission of McGraw—Hill
Book Company.
The costs of filling the shaft with the excavated solid waste Du1d also
have to be added to these figures.
TABLE 15
AN INDIC1 TION OF VARIATION IN COSTS FOR DRItLI 3 A 48 IN. DIAMETER SHAFT
‘10 VARIOUS DEPTHS, CONCRETE AT $35 to $60/CY*
Depth of
shaft
(ft)
Volume of
shaft
(CY)
Cost with con—
Crete, casing
removed ($‘s)
Cost minus cost of
concrete
($‘s)
20
4.64
339
59 — 176
30
6.86
508
96 — 268
50
11.60
846
150 — 440
100
23.20
1692
300 — 880
150
34,80
2538
450 — 1320
200
46.40
3384
600 — 1760
* This range in cost was taken because the actual cost of the concrete was
not indicated in the original figures, and this range is typical.
72
-------
TABLE 16
AN INDICATICt OF VARIATI J IN COSTS FOR DRILLI A 60 IN. DIAMETER SHAFT
IO VARIOUS DEPTHS, (X CRETE T $35 to $60/cY*
Depth
shaf
(ft)
of
t
Volume of
shaft
(CY)
Cost with con-
Crete, casing
remved ($‘s)
- Cost minus cost of
concrete
($‘s)
20
5.82
862
513 — 658
30
8.73
1295
771 — 989
50
14.55
2153
1280 — 1644
100
29.10
4307
2561 — 3288
150
43.65
6461
3842 — 4933
200
58.20
8614
5122 — 6577
* This range of cost was taken because the actual cost of the concrete was
not indicated in the original figures, and this range is typical.
Suninary
The use of the dry method of caisson construction would probably be ap-
plicable to the excavation of a shaft in a sanitary landfill at depths great-
er than 30 ft. At intermediate depths, the backhoe would be the preferred
type of eguipnent.
Though the use of a caisson is possible to depths much greater than 100
ft, in practice the cost becomes prohibitive at the greater depths. The
48 in. diameter shaft is much less expensive than the 60 in. diameter drill—
ling, and is large enough to permit a man to operate at its foot. If nore
working space is required, the base of the shaft may be belied-out by manual
digging.
SAFETY SIDER ICt S
As previously mentioned, excavation of a sanitary landfill should be
considered as extrenely hazardous. Possible hazards include:
* entering the excavated shaft or trench;
* caving or collapse of the excavation;
* fall—in from the top;
* “bad” air, toxic or explosive gases at the
of the excavation.
Safety precautions should therefore be extrenely stringent at all times.
A safety harness and line should be worn on every descent, even for shallcM
excavations, so that an unconscious man may quickly be renoved fran the area..
An air tank and mask should be strapped to the descending worker for ready
use if required. An above-ground observer should be assigned the duty of
constantly communicating with the below-ground worker; for very deep holes
73
-------
they should be in wired contact. The no smoking rule should be operational
at all times. For trenches of less than 20 ft in depth, the worker may
descend by ladder, though hoisting equipment should still be on-hand for
emergencies. For greater depths, a hand—operated windlass with a ratchet to
prevent accidental release should be attached to a tripod above the shaft.
Fresh air may be introduced to a deep, narr excavation by means of an air
hose. Water seepage may be controlled by use of a pump.
LINER SAMPLING
When the excavating equipment is close to the liner, the final cover
should be excavated by hand to prevent wholesale ripping of the liner by
the machinery. Before removing a sample, the expert should be aware of the
nature of the material used, actual placement technique, the expected life-
time of the liner and its general specifications.
Once the sample has been taken, the liner must be replaced by techniques
suitable for that particular type of material. For polymeric liners, for
example, the proper adhesive should be used to join old liner to patch. The
sampler should note the material coupons and their locations from installa-
tion drawings.
The actual sample analysis should note the volume swell, any change in
modulus of elasticity, elongation arid tensile strength, and any other phys-
ical changes. In addition, chemical changes as a function of time, material,
plasticizer percentage in the case of plastics, and temperature should be
noted. Hazardous material might accelerate the migration of plasticizer in
the PVC lining, causing embrittlement and cracking. If the seam strength is
declining, adhesive specialists need to be consulted to suggest solutions to
the problem.
OTHER CC1, ISIDERATIONS
It must be emphasized that prior to any excavation, an engineering con-
sultant, familiar with the design and maintenance of that particular site,
must be engaged to provide expert direction to the entire operation. Con-
sultant fees for the engineer are not included in the above cost comparisons
and are likely to be in the order of $200/day. One major problem requiring
expert advice is likely to be locating the liner, given settlement of the
fill over a nuither of years.
( YJNCLUS ION
The three processes discussed are compared in Table 17. As can be seen
fran this Table, for intermediate depths of 5 to 30 ft, the backhoe is the
least expensive of the three options. However, the backhoe is not technol-
ogically suitable for greater depths. Caisson excavation is suitable for
exacavation of a deep shaft, but is very expensive.
74
-------
TABLE 17
- 1
(Il
A (Th1PARISC OF THE THREE METHODS OF EXCP VATIN3
Item
Dragline
Backhoe
Caisson
Cost
* $1026/day includes labor &
*$1152/day includes labor,
$3,047 rental alone,
equipnent, does not include
equipnent and backfilling,
does not include cost
backfilling nor scaffolding.
does not include scaffold—
of digging nor backfill—
Cost for 1 1/2 CY bucket.
ing. Cost for 1 1/2 CY
ing.
bucket.
Depth of
Up to 30 ft (14 ft optimum).
Up to 30 ft (6—14 ft optim—
Depths in excess of 30
C eration
um).
ft, not cost effective
for shallower shafts.
%1vantages
Might be available on-site.
Easy to position and con-
trol the bucket & hence
control width & depth of
trench. More powerful
digging action than dragline,
May be used to backfill &
grade. Can excavate hard,
ccztpacted material.
Can be used for depths
in excess of 30 ft. De-
signed to drill a narrow
vertical shaft. Caisson
provides safety.
Dis—
t easy to spot bucket
Cannot be used sat ist act—
Most expensive of the
advantages
for scraping & dunping.
Excavates large area,
Cannot backfill or can—
pact.
only for excavations deeper
than 30 ft.
three, uld not be used
for depths less than 30
ft.
-------
REFERENCES
1. Anon (1977). Exclusive WASTE Pi3E Survey of the Nation’s Disposal Sites.
Waste Age, January, pp. 21—28.
2. Anon (1976). Backhoe Attachments Increase Digging Capacity, Perform
Variety of Tasks. Chemical Marketing and Econanics, March,
pp. 69—74.
3. Brunner, D. and D. Keller (1972). Sanitary Landfill Design and Opera-
tion. EPA Report SW—65ts, Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C.
4. Carson, A.B. (1961). General Excavation Methods. F.W. Dodge Corpora-
tion, New York.
5. Cheremisinoff, P. and R.A. Young (1975). Pollution Engineering Practice
Handbook. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan,
pp. 671—704.
6. Day, D.A. (1973). Construction Eguip’nent Guide. Wiley—InterSCieflce
Publications, New York.
7. 1976 Dodge Manual for Building Construction Pricing and Scheduling,
Annual Edition . 11 (1975). McGraw—Hill Information Systems
Ccinpany, New York.
8. Donnell, C.W. (1976). Adaptable Shoring Sets Up Fast for Deep Digging
Cycles. Chemical Marketing and Econcviics, February, pp. 34—36.
9. Fisher, G. (1977). Lining Specialist, Private ConununicatiOn. E.I.
DuPont de Nanours Co., L uisvi1le, Kentucky.
10. Geswein, A. (1975). Liners for Land Disposal Sites — An Assessment.
EPA/530/$J—137. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
11. Godfrey, R.S. (ed.) (1975). Means Building Construction Cost Data, 1976.
Cost Catalogue, 1976 Edition. I bert Sn Means Co., Inc., Duxbury,
Mass.
12. Havers, J.A. and F.W. Stubbs (1971). Handbook of Heavy Construction, 2nd
Edition. McGraw—Hill, New York.
76
-------
13. Haxo, H.E. (1976). Assessing Synthetic and Admixed Materials for Lining
Landfills. In: Gas and Leachate from Landfills — Formation, Col—
lection and Treatment. EPA—600/9—76—004. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, pp. 130—158.
14. Lamb, B. (1975). Precise Mix of Trash and Earth Produces Highway Fill.
Chemical Marketing and Economics, June, pp. 46—48.
15. Ledbetter, R.H. (1976). Design Considerations for Pulp and Paper Mill
Sludge Landfills. EPA/600/3—76—lll. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
16. MacDonald, J .A. (1976). Hydraulic Shovel Excavator: Key to Improved
Earth—rroving. Chemical Marketing and Economics, August, p. 61.
17. Mantell, C.L. (1969). Solid Wastes: Origin, Collection, Processing and
Disposal. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 95-113.
18. Merritt, F.S. (1971). Standard Handbook for Civil Engineering. McGraw—
Hill, New York.
19. Straus, M.A. (1977). Hazardous Waste Management Facilities in the United
States — 1977. SW—146.3. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
20. Stubbs, F.W. (1959). Handbook of Heavy Construction, 1st Edition.
McGraw-Hill, New York.
21. Urquhart, B. (1963). Civil Engineering Handbook, 4th Edition. McGraw—
Hill, New York.
22. Woodward, R.J., W.S. Gardner and D.M. Greer. (1972). Drilled Pier Found-
ations. McGraw—Hill, New York.
77
-------
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. MANUFACrtJRERS, FABRICA’IOPS, SUPPLIE1 , AND INSTALLERS OF LINERS
1. Hodgman Division
Plynouth Rubber Co. Inc.
104 Revene Street
Canton, M 02021
Contact: Charles Nees
Kevin Doolin
Phone: (617) 828—0220
(212) 594— 0240
2. Unit Liner Ccinpany
Box 789
Shawnee,
Contact:
Phone:
3. Watersaver Corrpany, Inc.
3560 Wynkoop Street
Denver, CC 80216
Contact: C.J.Gerker
W. Slifer
Phone: (303) 623—4111
4. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.
1210 Massillon Road
Akron, OH 44306
Contact: Duane Herchler
Phone: (216) 794—4002
5. Carlisle Tire and Rubber Co.
Carlisle, PA 17013
Contact: Hugh C. Kenny
Ray Juniper
Phone: (717) 249—1000
6. Staff Industries, Inc.
78 Dryden Road
Upper Montclair, N.J. 07043
Contact: Dr. Charles Staff
Phone: (201) 744—5367
7. Fabrico Manufacturing Corp.
1300 West Exchange Ave.
Chicago, IL 60609
Phone: (312) 254—4211
8. Burke Rubber Cc* pany
2250 South 10th Street
San Jose, C 95112
Phone: (408) 297—3500
9. Reeves Brothers, Inc.
P.O. Box 431
Rutherfordton, N.C. 28139
Contact: Roger Hughes
Phone: (803) 576—1210
10. Dow Chemical Co.
Park 80 Plaza East
Saddle Brook, N.J. 07662
Contact: Robert W3od
Phone: (201) 845—5000
OK 74884
J.A.Hendershot
(405) 275—4600
78
-------
11. B.F. Goodrich
500 South
Akron, OH
Contact:
Phone:
12. E.I. DuPont de NeITours Co.
3707 Chevy Chase
Louisville, KY 40218
Contact: Gerry Fisher
Phone: (502) 459-8752
13. D iel1
Division of DOW Chemical Co.
140 Concord Street
Indiana, PA 15701
Contact: Thomas A. Sutton
Phone: (412) 837-8550
18. Chemprene
Beacon, N.Y.
Contact: Mr. Spicer
Phone: (914) 831—2800
19. Plasti—Steel, Inc.
Vickers KSB and T Bldg.
Wichita, KS 67202
Phone: (316) 262—6361
20. Liberty Vinyl Corp.
3380 Edward Avenue
Santa Clara, CA 95050
Contact: Roy Lambert
Phone: (408) 249—1234
14. Key Enterprises
Odessa, TX
Contact: Kenneth Stewart
Phone: (915) 582—0101
21. Revere
Little
Phone:
Plastics, Inc.
Ferry, N.J.
(201) 641—0777
15. St. Clair Rubber Co.
1765 Michigan Avenue
Marysville, MI 48040
Contact:
Phone:
16. Gulf States Asphalt Co.
610 Jefferson Street
Houston, DC 77002
Contact: John Saenz
Phone: (713) 651—1507
17. Misco United Supply Co.
257 N. Broadway
Wichita, KS 67202
Contact: John en
Phone: (316) 265—6641
22. Hovater-Way Engineers, Inc.
1833 East 17th Street
Santa Ana, CA 92701
Phone: (714) 835—8124
23. Hartwell Company
740 Albert Avenue
Lakewood, N.J. 08701.
Contact: Jack Hartwe].l
Phone: (201) 364—7509
24. M erican Colloid Canpany
5100 Suffield Court
Skokie, IL 60076
Contact: Mr. Grady
Phone: (312) 966—5720
Main Street
44318
F. Long
(216) 379—3565
Pat Keeting
(313) 364—7424 x219
79
-------
APPENDIX B • U.S. EVI1 )NME AL PI 1TECTION N3ENCY REX3ION L OFFICES
Regional Offices
Address
T lephorie Contact
Region I
Maine, New Hampshire,
Verriont, Conn., Mass.,
Rhode Island
Administrator
John F. Kennedy Bldg.
Boston, Ml 02203
Head, Solid Waste Prgm.
Air & Haz. Mtls. Div.
(617) 223— 5186
Region II
New York, New Jersey,
Puerto Rico
Administrator
26 Federal Plaza
New York, N.Y. 10007
Head, Solid Waste Mgmt.
Branch, Environmental
Programs Division
(212) 264—2301
Region III
Pa., Md., Va.,
W.Va., D.C., Del.
Administrator
6th & Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Solid Waste Mgmt. Rep.
Air & Haz. Mtls. Div.
(215) 597—8131
Region IV
Ala., Miss., Ga.,
N.C., S.C., Tenn.,
Ky., Fla.
Region V
Minn., Wis., Ill.,
Ind., Ohio, Michigan
Region VI
Tex., Arkansas, N.M.,
La., Oklahoma
Administrator
345 Courtland St., N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30308
Administrator
230 South Dearborn St.
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Administrator
1201 Elm Street
First International Bldg.
Dallas, Texas 75201
Head, Solid Waste Mgmt.
Section, Air & Haz.
Mtls. Branch
(404) 285—3454
Chief, Solid Waste
Air & Haz. Mtls. Div.
(312) 353—5248
Chief, Haz. Waste Mgnit.
Sec.
Air & Haz. Mtls. Div.
(214) 749—1121
Region VII
Kansas, Nebraska,
Missouri, Iowa
Administrator
1735 Baltimore Ave.
Kanasa City, MO 64108
Chief, Waste Mgmt. Sec.
Air & Haz. Mtls. Div.
(816) 374—3307
Region VIII
Col., Utah, N.D.,
S.D., Montana, Wyoming
Administrator
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
Chief, Waste Mgmt.
Air & Haz. Mtls. Div.
(303) 327—2407
Region IX
California, Arizona,
Nevada, Hawaii
Administrator
100 California Street
San Francisco, C1 94111
Head, Solid Waste Mgmt.
Program, Air & Haz.
Materials Div.
(415) 556—4606
80
-------
Regional Offices Address Telephone Contact
Region X
Oregon, Washington, Administrator Chief, Solid Waste Prgm.
Idaho, Alaska 1200 6th Avenue Air & Haz. Mtls. Div.
Seattle, WA 98108 (206) 399—1236
81
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read In.rtructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA—600/9—78—005 I
3. RECIPIENT’S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
LINERS FOR SANITARY LANDFILLS AND CHEMICAL AND
HAZARDOUS STh DISPOSAL SIIES
5. REPORT DATE
May 1978 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Sylvia A. Ware
Gilbert S. Jackson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Ebon Research Systems
10108 Quinby Street
Silver Spring, Maryland 20901
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1DC618
11. CONTRACT C NO.
68—03—2460—4
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory--Cin.,OH
Office of Research and Develorinent
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Survey to Sept. 1977, review
14.SPONSORINGAGENCYCODE
EPA/600/ 14
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer: Robert Lardreth 513/684—7876
16. A I rIMCT
This report lists sanitary landfills and chemical axid hazardous waste disposal sites
and holding ponds with sane form of impermeable lining. Liners included are poly-
ethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Hypalon R, ethylene propylene diene nonaner, butyl
rubber, conventional paving asphalt, hot sprayed asphalt, asphalt—sealed fabrics,
and concrete. Sites lined with treated soils including car acted clay, are also
included in the list. Most of the sanitary landfills identified with impermeable
liners are of recent construction, a few are 5 years old or rrore.
A brief examination is also made of three possible methods for excavating a solid
waste landfill to rarove a nall piece of liner for laboratory study. These methods
are the use of the dragline, the backhoe, or the caisson. The methods are briefly
described and ccqared as to suitability, and a preliminary cost cciiparison is given.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OFEN ENDED TERMS
C. COSATI Field/Group
Linings, Hazardous materials, Disposal, -
Soils, Polymeric films
Sanitary landfill, Solid
waste management, Chani-
cal waste, Hazardous
waste, Land disposal,
Holding ponds, Treated
soils, Impermeable
linings
l3B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE .10 PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNC lASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
92
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UN LASSIF lED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220.1 (9-73)
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1978—757—140/1344 Region No. 5—Il
------- |