v>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics
Washington. DC 20460
September-October 1993
EPA 742-N-93-003
Pollution
Prevention
News
§
o
PREVENTION
Inside:
2 EPA News
3 Ozone/CFCs
4 Printing
5 Small Business
f Case Study:
1 Metal Plating
7 In the States
8 International
9 Transportation
10 News & Notes
11 Research Update
12 Calendar
Pesticide Plan Puts Health First
The Clinton administration has proposed
the first significant reforms of pesticide
and food safety laws in twenty years. The
Administration's initiatives, presented to a
joint Senate and House committee hearing
on September 21, 1993, include changes to
the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Kodenticide Act designed to reduce pesticide
use and promote sustainable agriculture.
The proposal establishes a health-based
standard for pesticide residues in food.
Because infants and children face greater
exposure to pesticide residues than adults
due to greater consumption of food relative
to si/e, the plan calls for EPA and USDA to
identify foods children eat in large quanti-
ties and to focus on child safety when
setting tolerances for those foods.
The reform package would extend FDA's
health-based food additive standard of
"reasonable certainty of no harm" to all
pesticide-treated foods, including raw fruits
and vegetables. Carcinogens could pose no
more than a "negligible risk," interpreted as
a one in one million risk of cancer, rather
than the currently more restrictive Delaney
(Continual on page 10)
Wet Cleaning is Viable Alternative to Dry
Joint EPA/industry study demonstrates non-solvent cleaning process
A joint EPA/industry effort has demon-
strated the viability of a wet cleaning
process for garments. The process appears
to be a technically feasible and economically
competitive alternative to traditional dry
cleaning. This new process drastically
reduces the use of perchloroethylene (PCF),
the organic solvent used by most dry
cleaners that is associated with environmen-
tal and human health risks
"We are verv encouraged by the results
of this study," said Mark Greenwood,
Director of EPA's Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics.
EPA's Design for the Environment (DfE)
program has worked closely with the dry
cleaning industry to explore ways to reduce
exposures to PCE. EPA has been systemati-
cally examining alternative cleaning tech-
nologies and processes, and comparing
these options in terms of risk, performance,
cost, energy impacts, and resource conser-
vation. The wet cleaning demonstration
tested the viability of a non-solvent process
that relies on heat, steam, and natural soaps
to clean clothes that are typically dry-
cleaned.
In collaboration with the Neighborhood
Cleaners Association, the International
Fabricare Institute, and ECOCLEAM Interna-
tional, DfE conducted a test in late 1W2 to
examine the cost and performance uf
conventional dry-cleaning using PCI:
compared to a water-based process The wet
cleaning process is more labor intensive,
requiring better trained operators who must
select among various cleaning techniques
(including steam cleaning, spot removing,
hand or machine washing, tumble drying
and vacuuming) depending on the garment
type, fabric, and type of soil.
^Continued on ;'ii,y,'i' /"'
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Pollution Prevention News - 2
September—October 1 993
EPA News _____
New Government/Industry Partnership Launched
EPA Region 9 Creates MERIT Program to Reduce Emissions
When the environmental balance is
finally calculated, what’s the difference
between that home and any other
suburban tract that destroys farmland or
greenspace, increases rain water runoff
and erodes soil, damages streams and
riparian zones, and increases paved
areas, thereby increasing radiant heat
and lowering natural cooling? And
those concerns don’t even begin to
address the environmental problems
directly caused by the automobile!
I would argue that an eflVirOflmefl-
tally conscious home of the future is one
that is within the inner city \ new or
rehabilitated home that captures the
charm and talent of vurkers who
actually needed skills in aesthetic
design, as well as mechanical aptitude.
A home that is near a public transporta-
tion system. A home whose occupants
use and support nearby husine ’ ses , a
social relationship with innumerable
benefits. A home in a neighborhood
with parks instead of parking lots, trees
instead of highway signs, and lakes and
pond ’. for cooling.
E PA’s Region 9 has formed an
innovative partnership with local,
regional, and state agencies and a
diverse cross-section of companies in
Los Angeles County, to reduce emis-
sions by promoting pollution preven-
tion. The Mutual Efforts to Reduce
Industrial Toxics (MERIT) Partnership is
co-chaired by Carl Weisiger from Dow
Chemical Co. and Dan Reich of EPA
Region 9, who share a vision of creating
a pollution prevention technology
enterprise zone in southwest Los
Angeles County.
Companies may submit pollution
prevention projects for review by the
Partnership. Those selected will be
eligible for expedited permit consider-
ation and compliance assistance from
other companies. Although in its forma-
tive stages, MERIT has already achieved
some concrete successes. For example, it
reduced the regional air board’s permit
review time for a company’s cyanide
reduction project from the e\pected 4-6
months, down to only 14 days from the
date the project was accepted by the
Partnership. Other projects include:
sponsoring an oil refinery roundtable
along with industry and other agencies
to identify pollution prevention projects
for oil refineries in California; a proposal
to create a revolving fund to finance
pollution prevention projects in the metal
finishing industry; and working with
major aerospace contractors to include
pollution prevention requirements in
their contract bid specifications.
Following the official announcement
of the Partnership on October 4, 1993, a
community advisory board will be
established to provide input to the
direction of the partnership. For more
information, contact Dan Reich, EPA
Region 9,75 Hawthorne St., San Fran-
cisco, CA 4105-3901.
1993 ACE Grants Awarded
Twelve grants worth 51.8 million
were awarded in 1993 h ’ four Re-
gional Administrative Councils un-
der the Agriculture in Concert with
the Environment (ACE) program.
Funded projects include studies of
biological pest controls, alternatives
to chemical fertilizers, sustainable
farm management practices, and pro-
tection of wildlife and ecosystems.
ACE was established in 1991 by
EPA and the Department of Agricul-
ture to promote pollution prevention
within the agricultural sector. Three
million dollars have been invested in
the ACE program in the last two years,
with grants going to farmers, univer-
sities, research centers, and other as-
sociations who are studying and
implementing less polluting agricul-
tural practices.
The 1993 Annual Report oft/ic ACE
Pro ’ram summarizes all the ACE
projects funded in the last three years.
For more information contact Harry
Wells, U.S. EPA (MC7409), 401 M St.,
SW, Washington, l)C 20460.
Letter to the Editor
Green Living
There is a disturbing irony in your
article “Living Green” in the Spring
1993 issue of Pollution Prevention News.
That is: how does the environmentally
conscious homeowner get to the nice
new home nestled in the mountainous
hillside? How does he or she get back
and forth to work? The picture on page
7 does not show any public transit.
There are no nearby neighborhood
stores, doctors’ offices, libraries, parks,
schools, etc.
What is the environmental benefit in
our total dependence on a decayed inter-
state highway system, total dependence
on private automobiles, total dependence
on burning petroleum, and then pornting
to the advantage of building a recycled
house in the mountains?
Tout Ewins
Cincinnati, Ohio
How does the environ-
mentally conscious
homeowner get to the
nice new home nestled
in the mountain hillside?
To be added to our
mailing list, please write:
Pollution Prevention News
U.S. EPA
401 M Street SW (MC 7409)
Washington, DC 204h()
Editorial Staff:
Polls’ Hunter, Editor
Gilah Langner
Morgan Gopnik
J
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St’tc’,,ilit’,—ttobt’r 1 903
3 — Pollution Prt’z’entwn News
Growth in CFCs Seen Diminishing
G ood news has been reported by
scientists at the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) on the amount of ozone-
destroying chlorofluorocarhons (CFCs)
found in the atmosphere. Concentration
levels of two CFCs (CFC-11 and CFC-12)
in the atmosphere are still increasing,
hut at a much slower rate than in the
past, reflecting international agreements
to limit their manufacture. According to
N()AA, if growth rates continue to
diminish as they have since 1988, the
atmospheric concentrations of the two
chemicals will peak before 2000 and
then begin to decline.
The slowdown is attributed to the
Montreal Protocol, an international
agreement to eliminate CFC production
by 1996, as well as voluntary cutbacks
by producers and users of the chemicals.
CFCs have traditionally been used in
refrigeration, air conditioning, and the
production of aerosols and foams. CFC-
11 and CFC-12 account for about 50
percent of all chlorine introduced into
the stratosphere.
The new data are based on weekly
measurements of air samples taken from
seven sampling sites around the world.
The global growth rate for CFC-1 I in
March 1993 was 3 parts per trillion per
year (ppt/yr), down from a high of 11
ppt/yr between 1985 and 1988; the rate
for CFC -12 was ii ppt/yr in March,
down from a high of 20 ppt/yr. NOA 1 \
researchers expect the concentration of
ozone-attacking chlorine to peak at
about 4 parts per billion in the strato-
sphere (up from the current 3.4 ppb)
and then to slowly fall. It is still ex-
pected to take 50 to 100 years before
stratospheric chlorine levels return to
pre-Antarctic hole levels, about 2.0 ppb.
In addition to the successful phaseout of
CFCs and other ozone depleting
substances in the industrialized world,
continued improvements in strato-
spheric ozone will depend on Third
World countries reducing their use of
ozone-depleting chemicals.
World-wide production of CFCs has
slowed dramatically in the last few
years, motivated by the Montreal
Protocol, consumer choices in the
United States, and industry’s pursuit of
profitable new opportunities in the
market for CFC-substitutes. According
to James W. Elkins, who led NOAA’s
research effort at the Climate Monitor-
ing and Diagnostics Laboratory in
Boulder, Colorado, “This is a beautiful
case study, where science, the law,
industry and the public worked to-
gether.” For more information, contact
Tim Tomastik, NOAA, 202-482-6090.
CFC Regulatory
Round-Up
FoiIot’ :w art’ 1993 h:çhliçhts of El’A regula—
toni actions related to CFCs under tilt’
amended C/ca:: Air A ct. For pu rpost’s of regu —
lotion, Class I siibsta,:ces include CFCs, mc—
tl: l chloroform, carbon tet ra -chloride, batons,
ii :tI metiit,l !‘ro, :,:de anti 1—18 FCs (proposed).
Class II substances include all HCFCS.
Final ban prohibiting the sale or
JAN distribution of non-essential
1 products containing Class I
substances: si1I ’ string, noise horns, non-
commercial electronic and photographic
equipment cleaning fl ds, aerosols, and
flexible and packaging foams.
Containers of Class I and Class II
substances and related products
________ must he labeled ,is such after May
4 4 EP..\ launched a major initiative
MAR called ‘Cooling and Refrigerat-
ing without CFCs” to inform
owners of commercial air conditioning and
refrigeration equipment of the proposed
phascout of CFC production which will he
complete as of January 1, 1996. The initia-
I t!Ve encourages equipment owners to re-
cycle existing CFC stocks and to move
to CFC alternatives by retrofitting or re-
placing existing equipment. Alternative
refrigerants. retrofit parts, and new
equipment are now available for all
commercial refrigeration and air condi-
honing equipment that had used CFCs.
In an effort to accelerate the CFC
MAR
18 phaseout, EPA proposed a
schedule that would phase out
production of halons by the end of 1993,
methyl bromide h ’ 2000, and all other
Class I substances by the end of 1995.
Hvdrochlorofluorocarhons (HCFCs)
would he phased out between 2003 and
2030, depending on their ozone-depleting
potential.
4 E1’A pror)osed requiring all fed-
APR
1 2 eral agencies to change their con-
tractingpoliciesand procurement
practices to ensure that stratospheric ozone
depleters are used to the minimum extent
possible. The proposal would apply to new
purchases of goods and ser ices as well as
renewals of existing contracts, beginning
no later than October 15, 1994.
F I EPA proposed lists of acceptable
2 3 j and unacceptable suhstitute’ for
Cl:C ’ , and other ozone-depleters,
as well as theSignificant \ew Alternatives
l’olicv (SNAP). Under the SNAP program,
EPA evaluates and rules on applications
for the use of substitute chemicals and
technologies to replace ozone depleters in
specific uses.
4 d Final refrigerant recovery and
MAY recycling rule relating to the
_________ Clean Air Acts prohibition on
venting refrigerants containing ozone-
depleting substances during the service,
repair, or disposal of refrigeration or air-
conditioning equipment. Technicians
must use certain recovery or recycling
machines and must be certified by an
EPA-approved program. Substantial
leaks from large units must he repaired.
Refrigerants must he recovered before
disposal of the equipment.
I-PA announces the first U. in-
AUG formation clearinghouse for the
_________ sale and transfer of recycled
halons, called the Halon Recycling Corpo-
ration. The clearinghouse vill match
potential buyers with sellers and ensure
that the existing stotk of recycled halons is
available to users with critical needs, such
as the military.
For niore information, contact EPA s Strato-
spheric O:ont’ Hotline, 1—800-296-1996, 10:00
am, to 4:00 p.m.. Eastern Time.
44
FEB
11
I l , 1993.
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Pollution Prevention Neti’s - 4
September-October 1993
Pnn ng
Pollution Prevention and Risk Reduction
in the Screen Printing Industry
Kathryn Pirrotta Caballero
Design for the Environment
E PA’s Design for the Environment
Printing Project is working with
lithographers, screen printers and
flexographers to provide information to
industries and companies about the
comparative risk and performance of
alternative chemicals, processes and
technologies in printing. The DfE
Printing Project seeks to encourage the
systematic evaluation of these alterna-
tives to reduce the creation of pollution
at its source.
The screen printing industry is
actively engaged in extensive efforts to
promote risk reduction and pollution
prevention in the screen printing
process. Representatives from industry,
the Screen Printing Association Interna-
tional (SPA!), and DfE have identified
screen reclamation, or screen cleaning,
as a process in need of environmental
redesign.
Screen Printing Process
The screen printing process involves
stretching a porous mesh material over
a frame to form a screen; a
stencil is applied to the
screen which provides the
physical boundaries for ink
as it moves through the
screen mesh. The screen is
used to print onto virtually
any type of surface, including
plastic, textiles, metals and
papers. Over 85 percent of
screen printers reclaim and
reimage their screens daily
for future use, rather than
storing them for later reprint-
ing. Cost savings provided by reclama-
tion include mesh, stencil materials,
labor and storage space.
Screen reclamation or screen cleaning
involves the removal of the ink and
stencil (or emulsion) from the screen
surface. After all excess ink has been
scraped from the screen, an ink re-
mover, typically solvent-based, is
applied to remove ink residue. A stencil
remover is then applied to dissolve the
emulsion and the emulsion is com-
pletely removed with a high-pressure
water spray. Residual pigment and
resins from ink and stencil material ma
accumulate as stains or “ghost images”
after repeated screen uses. The applica-
tion of a ghost or haze remover can
eliminate this problem.
Traditional Cleaners
Traditionally, screen printers have
used ink remover, emulsion remover
and haze remover products to clean
screens. However, the chemicals used in
these products include petroleum-based
solvents, such as toluene, xylene and
mineral spirits, and caustics, which can
be hazardous to human health and the
environment. Solvents are often allowed
to evaporate during use, resulting in
fugitive volatile organic compound
(VOC) emissions. Ink and emulsion
constituents frequently wash down the’
drain with the emulsion and haze
removal products. The DIE Printing
Project his been examining the screen
reclamation process to identify less
hazardous chemicals, change work
practices to limit human exposure to
hazardous chemicals, and explore new
technologies.
Both simple and complex changes
have been identified. For example. a
hose’ is frequently used to apply ink
remover to a screen, a messy and cost lv
process. Adding an adjustable spray
nozzle, like that on a garden hose,
provides a more direct and efficient
(Cot, tin tied on pa,s t’ 9
I—ugh pre ’. I r,’ woter b/aster.
‘Great Printers Project’ Announced
A new cooperative effort has been launched to make pollution prevention a
standard business practice in the printing industry. On August 9, 1993, in
Duluth, Minnesota, Governors Arne Carison (MN), John Engler (MI), Tommy
Thompson (WI), and George Voinovich (OH), EPA Region 5 Administrator Val
Adamkus, Dr. Manik Roy of the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), and Dr.
Tom Purcell of the Printing Industries of America (PIA) announced “The Great
Printers Project” — aimed at creating a business environment which prevents
pollution at the source throughout an entire industry.
A project team made up of Great Lakes regulatory agencies, EPA, printers,
print buyers, printing industry suppliers, technical assistance providers,
environmentalists, and labor is identifying barriers to, and incentives for,
pollution prevention and general environmental protection. The project seeks
to reduce energy use as well as pollution and waste from solvents used in
cleaning, waste ink, and photo processing materials, without reducing industry
growth. The project is based in the eight Great Lakes states (IL, IN, MI, MN,
NY, OH, PA, and WI) which account for 43 percent of U.S. printing.
The project will determine what technical arid regulatory assistance would
be useful and how it should be provided; look at the materials and equipment
that are used by the industry to see if improved methods or additional research
might be helpful; and investigate the possibility of inadvertent barriers caused
by specifications set by print buyers. Recommendations will be published in the
Summer of 1994.
— Manik Roy, Ph.D., Environmental Defense Fund
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Septeml’’r-October 1993
5 — F’ollution Prez’t’,itio,i .“It’ZL’s
Small Business
Clean Bay Business Demonstrates Cooperative Approach
T he Palo Alto Regional Water
Quality Control Plant (RWQCP),
with help from the environmental
consulting firm of Lrihe & Associates
and extensive input from the regulated
community, has developed and imple-
mented a pilot project to reduce pollut-
ant discharges from vehicle service
facilities. Because of the nature of this
industry, consisting of mans’ small
businesses, RWQ(’I’ adopted an innova-
tive approach emphasiting education,
d ’ sIstaflce, and positive incentives to
achieve ompliancc. The first year of the
Vehicle crz’ict’ Facility Waste Mini,ni:a—
twit Program, also known as the Clean
Bay Busi,it’ss Program, demonstrated the
value of this approach.
Vehicle service facilities were
originally targeted for attention when
stricter %ater discharge permit limits,
et by a regional authority, required
RWQCP to look at ways to reduce
discharges of metals into South San
Francisco Bay. Because service facilities
have been identified as significant
contributors of metals to both sanitary
and storm sewers, the communities
served by RWQCP developed new
sewer use ordinances for them, effective
October 1, 1992. RWQCP’s challenge
was to inform facilities of their upcom—
E PA’s Pollution Prevention Division
(PPD) is conducting a pilot project,
in conjunction with Region 3 and the
\larvland Department of the
Environment, to assist small and mid-
sized businesses in obtaining credit to
finance pollution prevention projects.
Although the problems of obtaining
credit are not unique to prevention
projects, the innovative aspects of the
prevention concept can add to the
skepticism usually held by any prudent
lender.
The first stage of the new project will
involve discussions vi th small busi-
nesses, lending institutions, trade
ing obligations and help bring them into
compliance.
In the first 12 months of the program
98 percent of the 326 facilities in
RWQCP’s service area received on-site
vkits. During these visits they were
educated about the new sewer ordi-
nance and about “Best Management
Practices,” which are procedures
designed to minimize pollutant dis-
charges. At the time of the first visit, t,7
percent of facilities had moderate to
severe deficiencies with respect to the
new requirements, and only 4 percent
were in full compliance. Each shop was
then mailed a notice identifying the
changes necessary to achieve full
associations, and others to identity the
causes of the perceived environmental
credit crunch, including factors such as
liability concerns, and banking regula-
tions. In the next stage, specific steps will
be identified and implemented to assist
businesses in obtaining financing for
prevention projects. PPD was particu-
larly eager to have this pilot project
conducted at the state level where
participants can build relationships with
lenders, Small Business Development
Centers, and other entities with expertise
in obtaining credit. For more information
contact Ed Weiler at 2O2-26O-2 %, or
John Robison at 202-260-3590.
Pilot Project to Assist in Obtaining Credit
compliance, and offering
incentives in the form of a
“Clean Bay Business” recogni-
tion program. All facilities verc
later re-visited by RWQCP
staff. By the time of the ordi-
nance effective date, 37 percent
of the facilities were in full, or
very close to full compliance.
In the first year of the
program, 131 vehicle servo ’
shops were awarded recogni-
owner tion as “Clean Bay Businesses.”
The ’ received deca Is, sew-on
patches, bumper stickers, and
logos for use in advertisements, and
were honored by full page ads in local
newspapers.
The elements that were judged most
important to the success of the program
include:
• a cooperative approach, which
sought out input from the regulated
community throughout program
development;
• the use of technical outreach and
positive incentives, in recognition of
the limited technical knowledge and
resources available to most small
businesses;
• a commitment to on-site visits (in
addition to workshops, brochures,
mass media, etc.) that led to specific
answers for specific problems;
• an emphasis on visits, presented as a
helpful service to facilities before
regulations went into effect, instead
of more threatening inspections
afterwards; and
• a multi-media approach addressing
wastewater, stormwater, hazardous
waste, recycling, air quality, worker
safety and other issues.
For more information about the Palo
Alto Vehicle Service Facility Waste
Minimization Program, contact Geoff
Brosseau, [ nbc & Associates, tel. 415-
325-9195, or Sii,anne Heals’, RWQCP,
tel. 415-329-2117.
Claire Elliott of Urihi’ & fl ociotes speaks with shop
Bol’ l—lt’l?ning dur:,z,i,’ ii iti t’ pnuunhzzatlin; ‘is:t.
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Pollution Prt’z’t’,i tio i N ’ ‘s — 6
September-October 1993
LCase Study
Mobile Plating Bath Rejuvenation at
McClellan AFB, Sacramento, CA
T he metal plating facility at
McClellan AFB, Sacramento, CA
recently benefited from the assistance
of the Environmental Process Improve-
ment Center (EPIC), an alliance be-
tween McClellan Air Force Base, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 9, and Cal-EPA. The project was
conducted by a process action team,
including platers, engineers, and
support staff, under the leadership of
an experienced plater. The team
systematically investigated proposed
changes in order to make successful
process improvements. Improvements
were developed by EPIC for three
mobile treatment processes: a filter
press, a bath chiller, and an electro-
winning tank. These improvements
save money and reduce waste.
Waste Management Activities
With 27 processes and over 200
tanks, McClellan’s plating facility is a
large and diverse operation. It conducts
precious and non-precious metal
plating and surface treatments, and
includes a variety of stripping and
cleaning tanks. Hazardous wastes are
generated from many processes. In the
past, tanks from chem-mill etching,
anodizing, caustic cleaning, and other
processes were dumped when solids
contamination rendered the system
ineffective. Disposing of the tanks’
contents resulted in burdensome
hazardous waste handling and disposal
costs as well as costs of more than
51,000 per tank for the purchase of
replacement chemicals.
Cyanide-containing plating baths
(such as those used for cadmium,
copper, and silver) produce carbonate
salts when they react with carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere. The salts
lead to degradation of the plating
process, and the bath solution must be
replaced. Exacerbating this problem at
McClellan AFB were air spargers, used
additional carbon dioxide into the
baths. McClellan AFB engineers
removed the spargers, but the tanks
still needed to be replaced twice a year
at a cost of $2,500 to $6,000 per tank,
depending on the size of the tank.
A previous attempt to precipitate the
calcium salt by using a heat exchanger
to lower the temperature to 30’ F had to
be abandoned. The carbonates precipi-
tated on the walls of the heat ex-
changer, lowering the heat transfer
efficiency and clogging the exchanger.
Finally, the stripping of worn silver,
gold, or platinum plated parts prior to
replating leaves some metals in solu-
tion, despite attempts to collect and
recycle them. The solution eventually
becomes so contaminated that it is no
longer useful, and must be disposed of.
Stripping tanks at McClellan AFB used
to be replaced annually at a cost of
$1,000 to $2,000 per tank.
Waste Minimization
Opportunities
Filter Press. To reduce the waste
handling and disposal costs associated
with dumping solutions from chem-
mill etching, anodizing, caustic clean-
ing, and other processes, McClellan
AFB purchased a portable filter press
for approximately $7,000. The press
removes particles at a rate of 30 to 40
gallons per minute. The resulting filter
cake is 50 percent water by weight and
is sent to a metal reclaimer for recy-
cling. The use of the filter press has
extended the bath lives indefinitely.
Bath Chiller. McClellan AFB staff were
still convinced that temperature-
induced precipitation was an effective
method for cleaning up cyanide-based
plating baths. When the heat exchanger
process failed, they tried another
method to lower the bath temperature.
A portable glycol-mixture refrigeration
unit is now used to reduce the bath
submerged for 24 hours in 300 gallon
batches of contaminated solution. The
process lowers the temperature of the
solution sufficiently to precipitate most
of the carbonates. The solution is then
returned to the original bath and the
precipitate, containing carbonate,
metal, and cyanide, is sent to a metal
reclaimer. As in the filter press, the
bath life is extended indefinitely.
Electrowinning. The third successful
pollution prevention project at
McClellan AFB involves a mobile
electrowinning unit. The small unit,
including a 25-gallon plating tank, a
100 amp rectifier, and a five gallon per
minute pump, cost the facility $3-4,000.
It is wheeled on a rolling cart to a
contaminated strip tank. Once hooked
up to the pumpout and return lines and
programmed, the unit operates for 24
hours by reverse-plating metals out of
solution and onto a mesh. The resulting
metal-clad mesh is then sent for
recycling. The metal concentrations in
the stripping solution are reduced ten-
fold and the bath life is extended
indefinitely.
Both small and large plating shops
can benefit from mobile bath rejuvena-
tion equipment, which extends bath
lives indefinitely and saves waste
disposal and solution replacement
costs. An added benefit of the mobile
equipment is that it can be used by
existing personnel with little or no
additional training.
This case study was reported in “Rejuve-
nating Plating Bath,” an EPIC Greensheet,
produced by the Environmental Process
Improvement Center Alliance, Spring
1993. EPIC promotes effective environtnen-
tat protection through in novat it’e maiiage—
ment, education, communication and
action. More information can he obtained
from fec/ui ical represen ta fives at McClella ii
AFB: Ray Exposito, Process Action Team
Leader, 91 6-643-h534; or Steve Mai’er,
for mixing purposes, which introduced
temperature. Heat exchanger coils are
Environmental Manager, 916-643-2704.
-------
St’ptt’ iil’t’r—C)ctolit’r 1993
7 — Pollution Prt’t’cii tion News
In the States
Wisconsin Appliance 1 urn-In Program is Successful Model
W isconsin Electric’s Appliance
Turn-In program (:\PTE) has
been profiled by The Results Center as
one of the most successful energy
efficiency programs in North America.
i PTl began in 1987 as the nations first
large scale residential appliance turn-in
program, with the goal of helping the
environment while helping its custom-
ers financially.
The program aims to get
underutilized, non-essential appliances,
such as second refrigerators, freezers,
and unnecessary room air conditioners,
out of ervice and properly dismantled.
At the customer’s request, Wisconsin
Electric will remove the appliances at no
charge and then present the customer
with a S5O check for each refrigerator or
freeier, or a 525 check for an air condi-
tioner. AFT! and its 800 telephone
number have been a.ti el promoted
through the media, appliance dealer
showrooms, and bill inserts.
As of December 1992, well over a
quarter of a million residential appli-
ances had been collected through APT!,
i() percent of them refrigerators, 30
percent air conditioners, and 10 percent
treeters. \iore than 537 million in
incentives have been paid out, with
approximately one-quarter of all
residential customers participating. All
of the collected appliances are properly
dismantled and recycled. Nietal compo-
nents are recycled, capacitors are sent to
an EPA-approved facility to be de-
stroyed, and refrigerants are drained
and stored for re-use. Over 69,000
pounds of CFCs have been safely
recovered through this program.
Wisconsin Electric estimates that if all
the collected appliances had gone to a
landfill they would have covered a 10-
acre area to a depth of 1 feet.
The Results Center’s profile of APT!
reports that in its first four years this
program resulted in total annual electric-
itv demand reduction of
20.8 megawatts (MW),
and cumulative energy
savings of 195 gigawatt-
hours (GWh). This
translates into 452 tons
of avoided sulfur
dioxide emissions.
Participating customers
are saving an average of
S15-$25 a year on their
electric bills and all
customers save because
the utility can delay
adding new electric
generation capacity.
Wisconsin Electric’s
energy conservation
program has been
recognized and
honored many times
over the last five years,
including awards from: the Governor of
Wisconsin; the National Wildlife
Federation; Friends of the United
Nations Environment Program; and
Renew America’s Searching for Success
program.
A free executive summary of the
AFTI profile is available from the
Results Center, 303-927-3155. The
Results Center also has compiled
profiles of 59 other excmplar ’ demand-
side management programs from across
North America.
Massachusetts, Oregon, Connecticut Promote Prevention
Massachusetts Tackles
Pesticides, Labs
T he \lassachusetts Office of Techni-
cal Assistance (OTA) has recog-
nized that schools generate significant
environmental impacts. An 0T 1 \
working group is developing an
Integrated Pest Management (IPM pilot
project to he implemented at five Boston
schools. An lF\1 firm will he hired this
tall under a 1-2 year contract to demon-
strate the feasibility of reducing chemi-
cal pesticide use.
OTi\ has also developed a package of
information to assist in implementing
pollution prevention in high school and
college chemistry labs. The information
covers lab safety, chemical storage,
micruscak’ lab techniques, and chemical
pu rchasi rig. For more information
contact Lisa Dufresne, MA OTA, 617-
727-3260, ext. 638.
Lessons Learned in Oregon
I n 1989 Oregon passed the Toxics Use
Reduction and Hazardous Wa te
Reduction Act, becoming one of the first
states to implement a TL 1 R facility
planning requirement. In 1992 the U.S.
Government Accounting Office (GAO)
reviewed Oregon’s program and
recommended that similar facility
planning requirements he enacted at the
national level Now the Oregon Depart-
ment of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
has issued a 1993 TLIR Prot ra,,i Report
which examines the results of the
program to date.
The Oregon law required certain
facilities to draft TUR plans, and re-
quired DEQ to provide necessary
(Coizilnued on next ;;a, e)
1VISLo?z’.:?l Electric colkL s 100,000th appliance.
-------
Pollution Pret’c’ntio?: Nt’w’ — 8
September-October 1993
International
Environmental
Improvement in
Eastern Europe
E arlier this year ministers and senior
officials from 0 countries endorsed
the Environmental Action Programme
for Central and Eastern Europe (EAP).
Drafted h government institutions, the
World Bank, non-governmental organi-
zations, business representatives,
scientific organizations, and others, the
EAP identifies the most urgent environ-
mental problems in Eastern and Central
Europe, and suggests investments,
policy reforms, and institutional
measures to help resolve them.
Recognizing that money is scarce, the
EAI’ focuses on measures and invest-
ments likely to provide quick, measur-
able improvements at low cost. The
report identifies numerous “win-win”
investments that will provide economic
as well as environmental benefits.
Examples include energy and water
conservation, and improved industnal
management, three mainstays of the
pollution prevention movement. The
EAP forecasts that much environmental
improvement will come with economic
transformation, rising energy prices,
and the shift from heavy industry to
cleaner technologies.
World Bank donors have pledged
over 530 million to help implement the
recommendations. Since international
financial institutions have traditionally
been involved in large, capital intensive
projects, creative thinking will be
needed to foster the many effective
small-scale activities advocated in the
EAP. For more information contact
Wend Avres, Environment Division,
World Bank, 1818 H Street \.W.,
Washington, DC 20433.
Integrating the
Environment into
National Accounting
T raditionallv, when a nation assesses
its wealth, economic accounting
practices have not included natural
resources or environmental health as
valuable assets to the country. This
omission often makes it difficult to
demonstrate the value of sustainable
development as compared to more
resource exploitive development
models.
A new report from the World Bank,
Toward Improved Accoiintin ’ for the
E,wironment, addresses this shortcom-
ing, It describes recent progress in
developing methods for accounting for
natural capital within the usual eco-
nomic framework. The report includes
results of two studies carried out jointly
by the United Nations’ Statistical
Division (UNSTAD) and the World
Bank, and reiterates that the process of
national accounting is by no means an
exact science.
The report’s editor, Ernst Lutz, a
Senior Economist in the World Bank’s
Environment Department, writes:
“ [ Nations] must recognize that income
is easier to approximate than assets,
which are far more complex for they
range from produced capital to various
kinds of non-produced capital such as
minerals, soil, water, and wild biota.”
Another limitation to environmental
accounting is the absence of clear price
information for environmental assets.
No consensus exists yet among national
accounting experts, and approaches to
determining these numbers remain
widely divergent.
“Despite the strides that have been
made in this field of research, turther
work, including case studies, is clearly
needed to pave the way for a broader
consensus on accounting conventions
and on a number of conceptual mat-
ters,” notes the report.
Copies of this report, #1 2436, are
available for $32.95 from: World Bank
Publications Dept., P.O. Box 7247-8619,
Philadelphia, PA 19170-8619.
In the States
(Continu ’d Iron, previous page)
technical assistance. Implementation of
plans is voluntary, but progress will be
monitored by DEQ. In the 1993 report
DEQ finds that the planning program
has been highly successful among larger
facilities, with a compliance rate of 97
percent. However, the compliance rate
for small quantity generators was only 36
percent, leading the DEQ to adopt a
more vigorous outreach and assistance
program, and to consider modified
planning requirements for these facilities.
Tracking actual reductions in chemi-
a challenge, but DEQ expects to develop
a quantitative measurement tool in 1993
to chart future progress. Copies of the
report are available from Oregon DEQ,
503-229- 9 13.
Connecticut Publishes
Prevention Resources
T he Connecticut Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP)
has recently published two handbooks
containing specific prevention ideas.
Best Management Practices for the Protec—
tioii of Groundwater describes best
environmental management practices
for 20 small business segments includ-
pesticides, auto repair, and furniture
refinishing. Suggestions for waste
reduction, good housekeeping, process
changes and other improved manage-
ment techniques are listed. The hand-
book is available for $5 from the Bureau
of Water Management, DEP, 79 Elm St.,
Box 5066, Hartford, CT 06102-5066.
The second publication is a collection
of pollution prevention checklists for 20
larger industries including circuit board
manufacturers, printing, chemical
manufacturers, pharmaceuticals, and
aerospace. The set of 20 checklists is
available for 5 (payable to “DEP Publica-
tions”) from Maps and Publications, CT
DEP, at the address indicated above.
cal use and waste generated has proved
ing drycleaning, non-agricultural
-------
September-October 1993
9 — Pollution Prevention NeZL’s
Chicago Funds Alternatives to Automobiles
Transportation
C lean air advocates have convinced
the Chicago Area Transportation
Study (C;\TS) to fully acknowledge the
air quality impacts of automobiles and
devote 50 million to bicycle, transit and
pedestrian projects. The key was to get
CATS to admit that “cold start” auto
emissions, occurring in the first few
minutes of operation before the emis-
sions controls start to work, account for
a major portion of total auto emissions.
The background of this debate
involves the federal Intermodal Surface
Transportation & Efficiency Act
(ISTEA), the modern version of the old-
fashioned “highway bill,” which allows
states flexibility in pursuing alternatives
to highway construction. One section in
particular, the Congestion Mitigation
and Air Quality (CMAQ) program
provides special funding for transporta-
tion projects that help states, and
metropolitan planning organizations
such as CATS, meet air quality stan-
dards.
Many states and metropolitan areas
have used their CMAQ dollars to fund
traffic flow improvements (such as re-
timing traffic signals) and other conven-
tional auto-oriented projects which
achieve on 1 v small improvements in air
quality. Chicago was also headed in this
direction until activists from the Chi-
cag() Lung Association, the Chicagoland
Bicycle Federation, and other groups
convinced CATS that they were seri-
ously underestimating the air quality
impact of even short car trips.
In order to compare different
projects, Chicago’s C \IAQ committee
had been using a computer model that
predicted emissions based on vehicle
miles travelled, speed, acceleration, and
other factors. The model predicted that
large emissions reductions could be
achieved by encouraging shorter,
“smoother” car trips (suggesting
projects such as park-and-ride lots, and
traffic flow improvements). In fact,
activists argued. this is inaccurate.
Because of the cold-start emissions
problem, every vehicle trip of any
length contributes significantly to air
pollution. EPA’s Region 5 also weighed
in on the side of alternative projects,
stating that funding for traffic flow
improvements was a “questionable” use
of CMAQ funds.
When the committee accepted this
analysis and changed the project
evaluation criteria to assign greater
value to vehicle trips avoided, non-
automobile projects rose to the top of
the CMAQ project selection list. The
final list includes $4 million for bike
lanes, a right-of-way acquisition for the
Conrail Bikeway, and bike lockers at
five METRA rail stations. This still
leaves 97 percent of Chicago’s Surface
Iransportahon Program funds for road
projects. Clean air advocates hope to
pressure CATS to consider environmental
impacts in all regional transportation
planning. For more information contact
the Chicagoland Bicycle Federation, 312-
427-3325.
(T! i art wit’ was adapted froiii the
Transportation Exchange Update. July
1993. a nzonthly newsletter pith/isized hti
Tlit’ Environmental Exchan\’e (202—387—
2182), a izon—profit organi:atwn promoting
siiccessf iii, economically viable environ-
mental initiati:’e .)
Resources
“Linking Bicycle/Pedestrian
C” ) Facilities with Transit details
the successful integration of
bicycle and pedestrian facilities with
transit in Europe and Japan, dis-
cusses developments in U.S. cities,
and makes recommendations for
action. Available for $18 from the
Campaign for New Transportation
Priorities, 900 2nd St. NE, Ste. 308,
Washington, DC 20002.
The Bicycling Blueprint: A
Plan to Bring Bicyding into
the Mainstream in New York
City contains specific recommenda-
tions for state and local government
agencies, covering every aspect of
urban cycling. Although the recom-
mendations are directed to New
York agencies many of them are
applicable to any large city. Avail-
able for $15 from Transportation
Alternatives, 212475-4600.
Printing Industry
(Con tin ned from page 3)
application of the product. Screen
reclamation wastewater is often allowed
to drain directly to the sewer. The
installation of a simple filtration unit to
capture heavy metals can make the
process “drain-safe.” A more complex
change involves the use of a high-
pressure water blaster (3000 pounds per
square inch) to remove the stencil from
the screen. The high-pressure device
substantially reduces the quantity of
emulsion and haze remover needed to
reclaim the screen.
Cost Savings
Making use of new technologies can
result in a safer work environment and
can actually save money. For example,
an open tank screen cleaning system
allows large quantities of solvent to
evaporate. Use of an in-process recy-
cling still to recover solvent eliminates
these fugitive air emissions and reduces
the amount ot product needed. k .omo
Incorporated, a screen printer in D c
Pere, Wisconsin, switched from an open
tank system to an in-process recycling
still and saved over $20,750 per ‘ear in
solvent procurement costs alone.
For information on the DIE I’rinting
Project or to receive a copy of the DIE
Screen Printing Case Study, which
describes a successful pollution reduc-
tion program at a screen printing facility,
call the Pollution Prevention Information
Clearinghouse at 202-2e 0- 1023.
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Pollution Prevention Nt’w - IL)
September-October 1993
News & Notes
Pollution Prevention at Boy
Scout Jamboree
S ome 35,000 Boy Scouts and nearl ’
100,000 others attended the Na-
tional Boy Scout Jamboree at Fort Hill
Army base near Fredericksburg,
Virginia from August 4-10, 1993. There
to greet them on the Conservation Trail
was EPA’s Pollution Prevention and
Environmental Careers display, along
with educational exhibits from other
federal agencies.
United by the theme of pollution
prevention, several programs and labs
put on a show for the crowds of Scouts,
adult leaders, siblings, and other
supporters who wandered through our
tents and trailers. Among the exciting
exhibits were an electric car, solar-
cooked chocolate chip cookies, solar
powered slot car races, a “Jurassic Park”
DNA demonstration, radon tests,
plastics recycling displays, Toxics
Release Inventory wnipu er printouts
for the Scouts’ hometowns, water
pollution presentations, videos, and the
electric pump-your-own-energy bicycle.
The electric bicycle got some of the
best reactions, as Scouts climbed onto a
bicycle hooked up to a 12 volt generator.
The power from the generator was fed
through meters to a variety of electric
appliances, including incandescent and
fluorescent light bulbs, a radio/cassette
player, a fan, and electric hair dryers.
When EPA staff turned on the fluores-
cent bulbs it was easy to pedal the bike,
but when incandescents were switched
on, the groans started. Then came the
hair dryers and really loud grunts. The
participants learned by direct experi-
ence that preventing pollution with
efficient technologies is the way to go.
The Scouts also loved the solar
electric slot car races. Watching these
2-inch models zoom around the track
inspired them to take a closer look at the
full-size zero-emission electric corn-
muter car provided by Virginia Power,
along with a battery powered
lawnmower.
We’ll look for you at next year’s
Jamboree!
Charlie Garlow,
EPA Office of Enforcement
Pesticides
(Continued from page 1)
standard, which does not allow carcino-
genic pesticides that concentrate in
processed foods. EPA would identify
within six months all pesticide residue
levels on food that may exceed the
safety standard. Most high risk pesti-
cides will have to meet the safety
standard within three years and all
other pesticides will have to meet the
standard within seven years.
The reforms will eliminate consider-
ation of economic benefits in the
pesticide review and approval process
except in exceptional cases. Lower-risk
pesticides will receive priority review
for approval, and high-risk pesticide use
will be reduced through the use of
integrated pest management (1PM)
techniques, which combine limited
pesticide use with practices such as crop
rotation, cultivation of predator insects,
and use of biological pesticides. EPA
would have the power to suspend
immediately the use of dangerous
pesticides without having to undertake
a lengthy cancellation action, and all
pesticide registrations would “sunset”
every fifteen years, to ensure that they
meet current health standards.
The reforms would strengthen
existing enforcement power, protect
farm workers from hazards associated
with pesticides, and prohibit the export
of pesticides banned or withdrawn in
the Lnited States because of health
concerns.
Wet Cleaning
(Can tin ned from page 1)
During the test, nearly 1500 garments
were cleaned, roughly half with the wet
process and half with conventional dry-
cleaning. DfE then compared the cost,
customer satisfaction, and fabric wear
characteristics of the two groups. Eleven
cost items differed between the two
methods, including labor, equipment
maintenance, electricity, hazardous
waste disposal and capital cost. Al-
though the wet process requires more
skilled labor, this cost is offset by lower
costs for equipment, hazardous waste
disposal, electricity, and supplies. In the
end, the costs for wet cleaning were
slightly lower than for dry.
Comparisons of customer satisfac-
tion and fabric wear (including factors
such as shrinkage, stretching, and color
change) found little statistical differ-
ence between the two processes. hut
there was a statistically significant
consumer preference for the reduced
odor of the wet cleaning process. EPA
will now go on to examine the full
range of health and ecological risks
associated with the wet cleaning
process in order to determine whether
it is a viable pollution prevention
option for the fabric cleaning industry.
For more information, contact the
Pollution Prevention Information
Clearinghouse at 202-260-1023.
Related Nott’ : In September, EI’A
announced rr’giilafioiis ef PCE under flit’
Clean Air Act that will require drti clea,,ers
to use pollution control equipment and
prevei if Ir’akac ’e of’ f/it’ chemical. For ii ifor,iia —
tion, Contact Georc e Smith at 91 )- ‘ 4 1—1 i -I 9.
Con fi’rence proct’ediii s from the Intermiti—
tional Roundtable on Pollution Prt’z’t’mifwii
and Control in the Dri cleam:i’m Industri,,
held on \ liii, 27—28, 1992 art’ ii ’ail bit’ or
sah’ from NTIS. (Tel: 703-487-4o50. order
nuimiber PB93-102681, 53b.50.
Recent Publication
Pollution Prevention Technolo-
giesfor the Bleached Kraft Seg-
ment of the U.S. Pulp and Pa-
per Industry (EPA/600/R-93/110,
August 1993, 177 pages) is a technical
study on the adoption of selected
source reduction technologies in this
industry and the impacts on mill op-
erations and pollutant loadings.
Available through the Pollution Pre-
vention Information Clearinghouse,
tel: 202-260-1023, fax: 202-260-0178.
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September-October 1993
11 — Pollution Prt’z’ent,on N’u’s
Research Update
Competitive Cooperative
Agreements for Clean
Technology Demonstrations
E PA’s Pollution Prevention Research
Branch (PPRB), has awarded three
Competitive Cooperative Agreements
totalling $562,00() to fund six Clean
Technology Demonstrations. The
recipients and funded projects are:
University of Tennessee’s Clean
Technology Demonstrations for 33 / 50
Chemicals; University of Connecticut’s
Institute of Material Science for “Alter-
native to Chrome Etching Processes for
Metals”; University of Massachusetts at
Lowell for “Evaluation of Alternative
Surface Cleaning Methods”; University
of California at Los Angeles for “Mer-
curs’ Life Cycle and Pollution I’reven-
tion”; University of Dayton for “Reduc-
tion of Arsenic in the Semiconductor
Industry”; and Mississippi State
University for “Synergistic Wood
Preservatives for Replacement of CCA”.
For further information contact Ivars
Licis, 513-569-7718.
.. .
Federal Cooperative Pollution
Prevention Research
F ederal cooperative pollution
prevention research began back in
1 5 with the Waste Reduction Evalua-
tions at Federal Sites (WREAFS) Pro-
gram. The first joint project ’ between
EPA and other federal agencies con-
sisted of over 26 pollution prevention
opportunity assessments (PPOAs)
within the Departments of Defense,
Transportation, Veterans’ AMa irs,
Lnergv, and Interior, which were very
successful in identifying pollution
prevention projects, many of which
have been implemented.
Today’s Federal Pollution Prevention
Research Program has evolved from
conducting PPOAs to conducting joint
Research, Design and Development
(RD&D) to enhance pollution preven-
tion through technology transfer.
Current RD&D projects involve
many agencies and facilities. At Tinker
Air Force Base innovative brush plating
techniques are being demonstrated as
an alternative to the use of chromium
and nickel-cadmium alloys for electro-
plating. At Lackland AFB a substitute
for xvlene is being evaluated in Air
Force Histopathologv labs.
Under the WREAFS program, NASA
and PPRB’s Risk Reduction Engineering
Labs developed a facility-wide pollution
prevention plan for the Langley Research
Center. Now the are moving to imple-
ment pollution prevention opportunities
and projects identified under that plan.
This past summer WREAFS sponsored
the demonstration of a solvent-free
technology for making advanced
composite materials at the NASA-
Langley l’olymeric Materials Laboratory.
After completion of a pollution
prevention plan at Ft. Eustis, the Army
has identified the need for a customized
material tracking system in order to
better identify the flow of products and
waste generating activities on base.
WREAFS is sponsoring the develop-
ment of this system in order to identify
and target priority R&D needs in
developing cleaner alternatives for
Army operations service-wide. Addi-
tional joint pollution prevention RD&D
projects are being discussed with
\FCFF, NAWC-lndianapolis , the Army
Corps of Engineers, and the US Coast
Guard R&D Center.
Finally, PPRB is working with the
Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement
and the Regions to integrate pollution
prevention solutions and options within
the Federal Facility Multi-Media
Environmental Compliance Initiative
and enforcement settlements.
For more information, contact James
S. Bridges, 513-569-7683.
...
Combined Pollution
Prevention/Energy
Assessments
T he Pollution Prevention Research
Branch and the Department of
Energy have agreed to fund six univer-
sitv centers to perform combined
prevention/energy assessments at no
charge to qualifying mall to medium-
sized manufacturers. The six Industrial
Assessment Centers will he located at
Colorado State University at Fort
Collins, University of Tennessee,
Texas A&M, Oregon State, University
of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, and
University of Massachusetts at
Amherst. I hese Si\ university programs
will conduct sixty combined assess-
ments in FY94. Future plans call for
incorporating pollution prevention into
all existing energy audit locations after
FY 1994, resulting in 40 Industrial
Assessment Centers by FY%. For
information, contact: Emma Lou George
513- 6Y-7578.
Recent Publications
(Available from the Center for Environ-
mental Research Information, 513-569-
7562)
A new guidance document
prepared by the American
Institute for Pollution
Prevention, A Primer for Financial
Analysis of Pollution Prevention
Projects, provides basic information
on terminology and methods of
performing financial analyses of
proposed pollution prevention
projects. It is intended to assist non-
financial personnel in justifying
proposed pollution prevention
expenditures before a bank loan
committee or an internal budgeting
committee. (EPA/600/R-93/059)
To encourage designers to
think holistically about
product and process
design, EPA’s Pollution Prevention
Research Branch has issued a
guidance manual, Life Cycle Design:
Environmental Requirements and the
Product System. Life cycle design is a
proactive approach for combining
pollution prevention and resource
conservation strategies with the
development of more ecologically
and economically sustainable
product design systems. (EPA/600/
R-92/226)
-------
Pollution Prevention Neu>s - 12
September-October 1993
Calendar
Title
8th Nat'l. Conference on
Household Hazardous Waste Mgt.
Biocycle South Central Conference
Building With Value '93
Sponsor
EPA, State of Vermont, SWANA
BioCycle Journal, Texas Natural
Resource Conservation Commission
Sustainable Building Collaborative
Microscale Laboratory Workshop Merrimack College, others
Prevention and Reduction of
Acid Wastes
Pollution Prevention Courses:
Assessment and Economics
Chemicals and Polymer Industry
Water: Our Next Crisis
Massachusetts OTA, EPA
Univ. of New Hampshire
Academy of Natural Sciences
Date/Location
Nov. 6-10
Burlington, VT
Nov. 8-10
Austin, TX
Nov. 12-13
Seattle, WA
Nov. 12-14
North Andover, MA
Nov. 17
Sturbridge, MA
Nov. 18: Nashua, NH
Dec. 13: Nashua, NH
Jan. 12-13,1994
Philadelphia, PA
Contact
301-585-2898
301-585-0297 (fax)
215-967-4135
503-234-6931
NMCC
508-837-5000, x 4384
Don Harris
214-943-8024
Continuing Educ.
603-862-1088
Rob Goldberg
215-299-1108
Prevention Strategies for Sustainable Development
NATO's Committee on the
Challenges to Modern Society
(CCMS) will be sponsoring a workshop,
Global Perspectives on Pollution Preven-
tion, in Nashville, TN, on November 4
and 5, 1994, in conjunction with the
National Roundtable of State Pollution
Prevention Programs' conference.
Speakers from The Netherlands, Turkey,
Greece, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, the
U.S. and several international agencies
will present pollution prevention case
studies and policy initiatives from their
respective countries.
EPA is working with CCMS and
participants from 16 other countries to
share information on pollution preven-
tion strategies and technologies from
around the world. To date, this pilot
project, Pollution Prevention Strategies
for Sustainable Development, has
sponsored policy and technology
workshops in Rome, Italy; Graz,
Austria; and Cesme, Turkey.
For more information, or to obtain
proceedings from previous meetings,
please contact the EPA pilot study co-
directors, Harry Freeman, 513-569-7529,
or Deborah Hanlon, 202-260-4524.
Moving? Please enclose mailing Inlvl!
United States Environmental
Protection Agency (MC7409)
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penaltv for Private Use $300
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