FRI-UW-8919 December 1989 ESTUARINE HABITAT ASSESSMENT SUPPLEMENTS Prepared by: CHARLES A. SIMENSTAD, CURTIS D. TANNER, AND RONALD M. THOM WETLAND ECOSYSTEM TEAM FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON Prepared for: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Region 10, Office of Puget Sound Seattle, WA ------- SUPPLEMENTS 1. MATRIX I RESULTS 2. MATRIX II RESULTS 3. SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 4. ATTRIBUTE DATA QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS 5. ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTIONS 6. ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION BIBLIOGRAPHY 7. PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF HIGH IMPORTANCE 8. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ------- SUPPLEMENT 1. MATRIX I RESULTS The following section presents the results of the first matrix questionnaire (Matrix I) circulated among UEMWG representatives and their respective agencies. For a particular estuarine habitat, The top row lists assemblage species (columns) in code form and the left column lists habitat functions (rows). Respondents were requested to provide their best professional judgement as to the importance of each habitat function to the assemblage species using the following system: 0 = no relationship 1 = relationship of low importance 2 = relationship of medium importance 3 = relationship of high importance 4 = significant relationship suspected, but no data available The purpose of Matrix I was to identify relationships of high importance between fish and wildlife assemblage species and the various habitats. These relationships were the focus of later efforts to determine specific attributes accounting for habitat functions (see Matrix II). The results presented here are preceded by a key to assemblage species codes. It is important to note that at this early stage in the development of the Protocol, Deep Subtidal habitats were grouped together. Later review determined the need to divide this group into two categories, referred to in the Protocol as Nearshore Subtidal Soft Substrate and Nearshore Subtidal Hard Bottom. Each cell in the matrix represents a different UEMWG participant response. Not all participants felt qualified to respond for all assemblage species, thus the large number of blank cells. Where no respondent identified a particular relationship as being of high importance, the cell was shaded and the relationship not considered in future questionnaires. Finally, this matrix was reviewed at the Port Townsend workshop (see Introduction to Protocol) for accuracy. Any entries in the lower left cell of each relationship indicates a consensus at the workshop for suggested change that overrode previous responses. ------- KEY TO CODES USED IN MATRIX I RESULTS Code Common Name Latin Name amc American coot Fulica americana aing American goldfinch Spinus tnsus amw American wigeon Aizas americana bfh bufflehead Bucephala albeola bfs buffalo sculpin Enophrys bison bgb bay goby Lepidogobius lepidus bib black brant Bronta bcrmcla bir black rockfish Sebastes i;ielanops bit black turnstone Arenana mnelanocephalo bpf bay pipefish Syng zatJius leoptorhvnc/ms brr brown rockfish Sebastes auncu!an:s cag Canada goose Branta can adensis cbz cabezon Scorpacn:chtlivs ,narnioran:s chs coho salmon Oncorhvnchus kisutch cks chinook salmon Oncorhynchus ishawyzscha cmr common murre Una aolge cms chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta cog common goldeneye Bucephala clangzda corn common merganser Mergus meiganser cos C-C sole Pleuron:chzhys coenosus cpr copper rockfish Sebasies caurinus crg crescent gunnel P/jolts beta csa cassins auklet Prychoramphus oleuticus csn common snipe Capella galiwogo A-2 ------- Code Common Name Latin Name cu cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clark: dcc double-crested cormorant Phalacmcor auntus dej dark-eyed junco Junco hyemolis din dunlin CabdAs alpina dnc Dungeness crab Cancer magister dvs Dover sole Microstomus pacificus dvi doily varden Salvelinus nzalnia ens English sole Pleureonectes vetulus gbh great blue heron Ardea herodias gdw gadwall Aitas strepera grs green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris grs great sculpin Myoxocephalus po!yacant/?ocephalus grw gray whale Eschrichuus robustus gry greater yellowlegs Tnnga nielanoleuco gwg glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens gwt green-winged tea] Anas crecca hgb horned grebe Podiceps auntus hys hybrid sole Inopsetta :schyra kid killdeer Cliaradnus vocifen:s klg kelp greenling Herogranimos decagranznius kpp kelp perch Brachyistius frenatus Ifs longlin smelt Sp:rinchus thaleichthys Igc lingcod - Op/ziodon elongatus Isp least sandpiper Colidns minuulla Iss largescale sucker Carostoi u:s n:acroche:Ius mid mallard Anas platyrhynchos A-3 ------- Code Common Name Latin Name mm merlin Falco colunzbarius mn muskrat Ondatra zthethica mwf mountain whitefish Frosopiuni willsanzsoiu mwg mew guil Larus can us noa northern anchovy Engraulis nsordax nor northern oriole Icents galbula nos northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis osp osprey Panthon hal:aeius pac Pacific cod Gadus macrocepha/us pah Pacific herring Clupea harengus pollasi phk Pacific hake Meriuccius productus phs Pacific harbor seal Phoca vim/ma PIP pile perch Rlzacoclulus iocca ppg penpoint gunnel Apodschth s flavidus prs prickly sculpin Coitus asper psa pink salmon Oncothynclws gorbusc/ia psc padded sculpin Armedius fenestrahs psd Pacific sanddab Cithanchihys sordidus psi Pacific sand lance Aniniodyies hexapients pss Pacific staghorn sculpin Lepzocottus arnzarus ptc Pacific torn cod Microgadus proxvnus qbr quillback rockfish Sebastes nialiger ibm red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator icc raccoon Proc-yon lotor ncr red rock crab Cancer productus rks rock sole Pleuronecies bilmneaga rsc rough scuipin Chuonozus puge lensms A-4 ------- Code Common Name Latin Name rtf radish Hydrolagus colliei r(h red-tail hawk Buseojan:aicenss rvl river lamprey La npetra ayresi rio river otter Lutra cg.nadensis rwb redwing blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus sbd short-billed dowitcher Lininodromus grrseus sds sand sole Psetuclithys nielanosnczus seo short-eared owl As:o flaninieus sfs surf smelt Hypoinesus prenosus sgs song sparrow Melospiza ,nelod:a shp shiner perch Cynia:ogaster a regata sht steelhead (rainbow) trout Oncorisync/uts invksss spb snake prickleback Lunipenus sagzua SPS spotted sandpiper Actuis macu/aria ssc soft sculpin Gilbertidia sigaltites ssd speckled sanddab Csz/ianc/u/iys sngmaeus ssl northern sea lion Eunie:opias jubatus SSp striped seaperch Enib:otoca lateralis scf starry flounder Platichthys ste/laws stp sturgeon poacher Agonus ac:penserutus svs savannah sparrow Passerculus sondwichens,s tbs tube-snout Aulorhynclius flavidus tss threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus tsv Townsend vole Microrus townsendi: vgr Virginia rail Rat/us tinucola wbl western brook lamprey Laniperra nchardso,u wep walleye pollock Theragra chalcogranima A-5 ------- Code Common Name Latin Name wgr western grebe Aechrnoplzorus occidentalis wsg whitespotted greenling He.sagrarnnzos stelleri wsp western sandpiper Ca1:d is n:aun A-6 ------- PMTRIX I RESULTS EMMERGENT MARSH CKS CMS TSS CT ! P5 5 PRS GBH GWT AMV MW GDV BFH COG CAG BIB MAC KLD CSN FEEDING. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 % 3 -- 1 2 INVERTEBRATES I -- 32 -- 32 * -- 12 t -- 0 -- 2 -- 0 -- 0 -- C - 0 0 . 1 1 2 2 B.nth.c 3 -- 34 -- , , . . 3 -- 3 -- 4 -- 3 -- 4 -- 3 -- 3 - 3 3 3 - 33 ---- - Ep.b.nthsc -- 333333 3 3 .; 33 33 33 13 33 33 2 1 0 C C 0 0 C 2 2 3 2 33 13 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 . , OC : : ! .:. : E :V :: : Psla9ic p p IC 10 3 3 . .. Nsuston :: :: 2 12 31 0.1 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 13 4 0 3 3 3:.. VERTEBRATES 3 . ... . . . : : 3 DsmersaJ 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 ; . 0 0 1 1 14 24 1 3 . 4 0 4 Water Column 4 ! 3 ::.. . . . 3 0 2 01 31 21 01 3 :. : ;.: 0 0. 2 2 - I I 1323 .1 3 . 3 0 . 3 Trrutrial : . : 2 : .: . . . 00 0 0 1 I .0. 3 . . . a -- .t I t I 3 0 . C PLANTS . . . 3 3 3 3 24 1 2 3 Emsrg.ntVuc. 0 0 :0 O 0 0 2 3 3 3 0 0 3 3 2 ----- 1 2 2 1 1 . 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 . 4 .:... 0 Subm.r nt Vasc. . . . 3 . 4 1 . ..-- 0 0 O 0 0 0 .. . . 1 2 2. .t I 3 3 .. : . a 4 : : . . . 0 0 .O o ..: .0 4. . 0 0 0 MacroaI . . : .. : 0 0 0. 0 0 0 : : j . 3 2 2 14 I . 4 4 3 3 .3 4. . 0 0 0: 0 0 0 0 0 0. Micro ii as 00 0 0 0 0 0 2 . . .. 3 2 2 :1 I 4 3 : :S.4 AI ------- MAT X I SULTS: EMMERGENT MARSH CKS CMS TSS CTT PSS PRS GBH OWl AMY MLDIGDWIBFH COG CAG BLB AMC KLD CSN IENERSΨJ.. I I I I f l U I 3J I .. 3 II I 0 0 0 0 1 2 2j I .? ij I II iii I it ii ii us i t u s III hrave lhng II I j ° 3 arrion I I I 11 I I I II I I I II II I 1 II I III Jill III 11111 IS II I I I 11111 I I ;. I I I I it i 2 mp.ratur : : 0 3 :i: 03 : 020 IS Ifilil III I I III I IIlIII ni_i III 300 3 2 2 2 132 ,, 31 : 1. 1 11 1 IIT i i..I .TITI 1TII...II II t IIIII. 1 1 II.... _ I I _Il I II ITT_tIl l I...!.IJI TIlT_I_TI ITITTTII! 0 ii T iTi iT ) . pund . _ ___ 43 .. . 431 4 . .. .T 300 3 ] 3 3 :r 3 I . ... .. I 3 . .11 : . _ I.. ..I. Tl. . ..TiIt TI IIlII I .. .II . 1 I._T I. I ht 21 r/Sdjmint .4_3 3 rbidity f 5 3i : 1 43424 3_332 : :: 2 0 0 3 3 3 E : 03 41 Iii. 3 . :L 5 4 , 32 : !L : j= .t : L 2 : : : !L t L L [ : j 2 2 3 3 . 31 3 4 f - 21 431 430 0 2 1241: I 111.111 3 4 lI_I_IS I L__i 21 1 . Ii Ill liii I . 1 1.1 .! IIl 1 1 II I 1 111_IT .111 A-8 ------- t T x I REStLT EMM QENT t1PSH ICKSICMSTSS GBH GWT W 8FH OGCN3BL8AMC KW C$N REFuGE/PIffS 1OWGY: : 2 1 PHYS.COMPLEXj 4 4 4 2 2 : 3 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 Vsrticsirslisf 2 2 13 1 . 3 3 3 - 2 4343 13 13 1 03 3 3 3 3 \I 3 2 3 3 2 2 14 IC I DC 0 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 U U 1 _! U I M H ::. :::::;::::: ; :: :: ::::: : u . 41 , I 41 $ 4 4$ I - Watir movsmsnt .. g . I , iΰw 2 US N H Is. 1 thym.tncF.stur.; . 32 1 324 . 1 $ 32 2 2 1 3 . I 0 1 3 N 1 0 3 3 2 3 2 1 3 3 2 4 , BIOLOGICAL COMPIIXJTY. , 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Em.rg.ntVasc.pI 43 23 1 0303 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ____ L_ - _ 1 - 4 4 3 3 1 ° Submsr .ntVuc. Plinis . 3 3 3 3 3 01 01 21 3 0 . 2 2 2 t . :;. 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 M*_ !O 6J*. . . : 3 3 3 0101 0 11 1 2 1 1 1 -.---- 2 2 2 1 4 0 0 0 0000000 GENERAL. Sslin 0 2 0 2 0 02 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 .4 0 Tsmpuatur :: .. . . . 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 11 I 1 1 1 1 2 2 .: . ... .. Sound . 2 2 2 2 434 3 12 32 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 Liht 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 I 434 3 12 33 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 :3 I 1 4 4 ..: 3 .4 4 4 4 4 4 3 .4 13 Water/SidimvitQu aiity . ... 2 3 13 3 3 3 3 3 2 434 3 12 23 t. 4. 3 2 2 2 0 0 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 23 33 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 Turbid . 3 . . .... . . 2 434 3 12 23 1 1 3 2 1 -. 2 2 23 23 I 2 . . A-9 ------- MATRIX I SULTS: EMMEAGENT MARSH I . I _ .±.1..i I J..I III - CKS CMS TSS Cli ss s GBHIGWT MLDIG BFH REPROOUCTION : .:.; : 1! 3:? SUBSTRATE 0 O O oI 3 ( rianV.g.tatio (EN t J 4 :::: : F : : Em.rg.ntVasc P$* t* 3 3 3 Subm.rg,ntVjjcii,s , :: acro al u 0: 0 0 : : 3 : ; . .:::. COG CAGIBIB AMcIKLD CS J 31 >: .i jJ [ IWIIIP 3 IH 0 3 3 : .11 1.1 .1 1 : : :. : .. ...:: ::: : 0 : : ::.: ,.diment 10001003 3 :..: ------ . 1.301 . : ..:: .: . : .. . f : ..:.: ... :: :. VATION I : .::... : . ubtidaI - . 3 a ntrtidal . . : :. :: :: : 0 0 0 O 0 0 H:: . ::. 1 i 2 I i .. :. : ::..: I- U .: a 1 rian [ __ .:. :. . : : .: . :: oOoo.* ooOo 0 3 3 3 3 3.:. 2 3 3 4.: 3 j 3 4 4 3 3. 3 3 3 3 : . . 3 3 0 ENERAL .. IIinity 0Ψ. 3 .:O.2 3 . : I 1.2 1.1 . mperature : : . : 0 0 4 .0 2 3 ; : .: : 1 1 :2 I 2 . :: : : : . tund r OQ4Q.4:4 o 3 3 3::.;::: 3 : 3 . H : . .. 4:.. :: . : Pit : : . : : :. 0: .0;: 4 . 0 4 : 4 - i_ 3 ... .. : 3 3 3 1_ _ _ _ 4 4 0 0 Wat.r/sdimnt . .; : : . . . . . . : .: : :. .. ::... . . : ..... :. 2 .: .. : 4 Turbidi : ::i: . . . . . : .. JTh.I.JO Oi4I4 1 J . .: !I.::OIOI j 21 21 A-1O ------- MATRIX I RESULT& EMME EP1T MARSH .i5 s s wsP LSP GRY RWB NOR G SVS SGS OEJ OSP MLN RTH P118 SV MRT R C FEEDING INVERTEBRATES 2 :2 2 : 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 0 : i Binthic - 3 3 ... ..:.:....;:..: :: ...:..: : -- Epib.nthic 3 2 3 3 1 1 I 1 i i 2 3 3 4 4 3 . J 3 :: P us n VERTEBRATES . . . .. .. :. :. . . .. . .:..:....: .: .:::. :.:f:: : .::::.:.:...: ... . :: _m!f$$I ___ C 0 0 4 4 ::: : :: .. . : . . .: : : : .: :: :: ::: 3 3 * 4 : . : W*tsr Column 0 0 0 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 01 .: o : . : . . . . . : .. :: . : . . .. .. : . . Tsrrsstnsl I 2 1 3 2 . : :. : :.:..... 3 3: : : 3 a PLANTS 49 . . .... .:;..:.:..::.:. .. ... .. . : .:;. :: :: . 3. : Em.tg.ntVa.c : .:: 3 0 3 3 0 2 .4 : 3 3 3 Subm.rg.nt Vasc 3 . .. . : - :: .. . . : .. ;: : : .: . . . : 4 4 4 4 ... . .... .... . . ... .. . 0 Macroaigae . . . .. .: 3 : . . . ... .. : . : : : . : 4 4 1 0 0 0 Micro &gss 4 . 4 4::::::. If A-il ------- MAT C I SlJLTS: EMMERGEN1 MARSH - : . 44* . >: : 4 RWR NOR 1 4 M3 g g s s DEJ OSP MLN RTH .. WtIIIIII IIIII ItI IILI ) JuL11 t t,,iiii .111.111 ItlItlIll 1.uii1 lIS III . . PIF1tIIII 111111111 lUll! I I I_puI.LI IILIIII isilutuil lII.AI1I itli_Ill TIlI..JI P T V MRT RCC .. . : tililijil .It.SttJI IlillIlIl .... . . . III ,.PIIS 11.1.111 .1111.11 4 4 GENERAL Detritus ,. III II 11JUl11 I ii,i, I II I I tfltt I II 11111 11111 II I * .: Gravellung c I -I I S I I I .-N III N I II fl I t II I U I I I, J I I I II I S I I till I I Carrion q- 4 IN I 1k II 1 1 1 I I I 1111 I II I .1 I I I I I , III I I tUI I N I I I 4 I I I I ISII II I I ft I I I I U I I 11 1 1-I 1111 1111 I p . Salinity - I I I I I I, * I II II P I I I I IIIP II I I I I .w I I I I I I 11 1 111 LIII P I I I I I 1 I I I I I T.mp.rature . . . : : : : . . . : . : . .: . . . NS . ..I.IIJS : II lUll l IIPII I . pI. II .. -. :. I I : ..... .I..j; Tilll Sound -. . 3 3 3 3 3 2!3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 32 3 3 3 3 3 414 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 44 Light I : . 3 ter/Ssdim.nt I :E4 3 :!.? P E 3 : 3 El? :: 3 ± ::. 31 3 31 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 :9 : : L I: 11111 . II ..U.. .1 1. .r I. o I I H 4t 14 Turbidity I I U : 41 . .:: I A-12 ------- MAT X I RESULTS EMMEAGENT PtARSH SBD SPS WSP UP GRY RWB NOR AMG SV$ SOS DEJ OSP MLN RTH PHS I SV RI RCC JGE/PHYS1OLOGy PHYScOMPL.EXJTY2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ) 2 < 2 2 2__2 s1icsIr.hst 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 . --- 3 4 - - 3 3 3 4 4 4 \ ---- 3 3 3 3333 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 .:... :::. :: . : 1 1 1 t 2 0 *Isrmovsmsnt 4 4 : : 3 4 4 : :: 3 4 : . . BsthymsiricFutu 3 3 2 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 424 424 4 4 3 3 3Icx.oGIcALcoMpLExrr Y Em .rg.ntvuc.P 11nj 1 2 3 3 3 __ 3 4_ 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 . I . : 3_ Subm.rg.nt Vasc. Pisms C : . . . . . . : . . ... .. . .. - C :. ....... L . . . .. . .. : GENERAL . . : . ... . f: : . .. Sabnity I I . i:.;.. .: . ::. . : Tmpsiatur. . i .. I I:.:I.: ::t.. : . ..... :. .: .: . . Sound 2 .... .4 . : :.. . : .. 4..4 4 3 0 1 3 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 413 3 4 3 4 4 ht 3 2 1 1 - 3 3 3 3 3. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3: . 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4. ... Sidim.nt Ou aMy 2 . . : :.::.;: :: :r : . . : 3 3 3 3 3. . ... .. : . :. . I 4 4 4 4 4 4..... . 4 : : . - . 4 . T . . . . . .. . : 4 : . A.13 ------- MATRIX I SULTS: EMMERGENT MARSH REPROO .JC 1C 1 LSU STRATE 3 ( ianV.g.tatioα .1 3 I Em.rgent Vaic. Ptsnts . . .. .: _13 . : 3 13 : 3 : 3 3 0 3 .;: ;:::;:; :: 3__ 3__ 3_ : 0 Jj 3 4 3 3 3 3 3__ 3_. 0 :.. i =: :: - =-- -- :.:: : ::: .:: .::.. 3 0 3 . 3 3 3 3. .:;:: :.: 3 1 1 1 III Ij ... . I_ Subm.rg.nt Vasc. s its .: -- :0 0 i P ° 0 1 1 : .:.:.:.: : :::: . : .. ...:::.....:. l :: . :( C C I : . . C C C Macro alga. :: .. . : .: ... . :. :. . . ..... : :: . L .... . 0 ( 0 C - I I :..: ::: : :::::. ...... . 0 diment . . . ... . . . . . :.:.; :.. I C 0 ( C C . .: . 0 0 0 0 C C C . 0 0 I ELEVATION ubtidaI . ...:I .1 .. . . :: : . 0 0 0 C C C ( C C : 0 0 I Intertidal . . : mi... ... . . :...::... .: . :.. ..: . r 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 .... .. .... . . :. 0. 3: 0.. 0 0 . -0 : : 3 3 3: 3 3 .. .. :..: :, ian 0 .: I 3 3 . 3 3 3 3 3 13 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 : . I I ENERAL . . : :: : : . . . . . .. : . : . . .:. aIini 0 .1 . : .. : .: ...: . .. : . . . C emperature . . . . ... ...i . . : . : :.: :. : . .... .1..: ..::.... .. . :: .:.:: .. .: . : : .: :.:.. .: .. . . .. .. : . . .... ... .... .. .. . ... .. . ..o 0 ound 0 : . .: I- .- :0 3 3 .3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 :4 4 0:Er: . :4 4 4 4 4 4 .4 4 4 4 4 4 4 . . .ght 0 :: .. . . 3 3......... 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 .4 4 0 O 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 . 4 4 4 4 4 Wat.r udimnt Ou -U--- .. .4 3 4 ..... ... .. 0.::. :0:: 0 4 : . : .. ... :: : ::. : . ........ . .... .4 4 4 4 .. ... .2 4 .4 ITurbidity -____ : :: :: :: : : i .oJ ol 01 ol 31 0 L 2 2 _.___c 0 C 0 I Q 0 I I I I - 1 I I 14 I oJ c i A14 ------- MATRIX I RESULTS MUOFLAT SW ENS BOB DNC GBH CAG BFP4 COG 0th CSP4 WP$ UP SPS $80 G FEEDING. .3 2 3 3 333 3 INVERTEBRATES 3 3 1 .: .::.. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 8inthic 3 3 ..f. 3. 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 : Epibinthic . ::4 . 2 2 3 34 33 3 3 3 33233333 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 3... ; 3 3 3 0 2 3 3 3 4 3 p. Nsuslor ::..: :r:: ..:.. : . :: : : :::..: .. 3 :$.:: :: . 0 .0 O .0 :. . . 0: . O. O . 1 :3.1....: .1: .. 3.. O .:. 0: ... .. : .: : . : :..::.. : .:: .:: ..:. :::. .:: 3 3 : : . 3 VERTEBRATES .: . : : :.4... :: : . . ?.:.....:. ::.: . . 20100 0 0 O: : :.::: : - I 2 t.:.:.2.. :: 3.. . . 3 3: . ... 4 3_ . ::. . . . . :. : . .4. . ,*t.f Column . . ... :: . .::.. : ::. :. ::; . ;: . - I 010:10 : 3;:.... 2 3. 0: : 2 :: 1 1 1... ::::.2 3:.. 3 3.... 3.:.. :;..:: 3.. - 3__ 3__ Trrutri& : : . :... : .: : . . . . * 0 0 O..O. .t . :.: : . .--- 1 i i ... ..: . I . . 0 . . !LAr L : : 3 3 . .. . . .. :. . Err*cg.ntVssc. 0 0 0 .0: . : . . . . :..: .: : I 1 i: :.:: $:. .. -..4 .. .. .::. 3 0 1 .J I :4 00 0 Su ntVasc. . . :.. .: ..:: : : .3;.. 3 . ::;: . .: .: : : : : : : ..:..:.. : 0 0 o:.o. ..... .. : . .. . 1 .I.. ..:.:f.::2:.: 4 ...: :.:.::... . p .. ..: . ..o .W.. \ : : Macmali. ::: .:.::. ..:. : 3 3 . . .3 f 0 0 :0 ..O j: 0 0. 0 : 1 :, . ; 2 3 4 4. 4 .. 3 . : Micto a! 9 .,! . . . : : . . : : . 0 0 0. . U * ..... . . . .: . : : : ____ 1 1 1.:: : p:.. :.. :. 4. 4 : . A-IS ------- MAT ( I RESULTS: MUDFLAT STF lENS IBGBIDNCIGBHICAGIBFH ICOGIDLN IcsN1Ps1LsPTsP 1ssojGRv]PHsrcc1 t1i i I2 IflI.:4tL..AI..:1t:.. ..:.: 1. .:41 . I:. .4I:. 4I 41..:::::4 1 :41 I . . . . ::: .: L::. l.:: .;. :1;: . ____________ PSS ______________ IENERAL . _____________ arrion aveIIing 0 0 0 .:!Q.: :. : :1 ii S... :. -. :u .1 :j . 1:. :1 . 010101 111111 ill 1 ii I :1 .j..:: .1 *Iiriity . .. 4.. :: . : ::: . i..: i ..:.i-. :c .. .y .I t I .YI I I I Ii I I 1 2 . : .:.:.. . : . :. t... ti . 11 1 11 It.. t hU liii I I i tint 111 1 1 1 I t tills tilli tl I l Ilit htl hl hiti. hIIS huh hI I i.iiiht tl Ii .1_ill . IS 2:2... .1 . . : :. t I U I emperature - : . . .:: : : . .. : . ,.._...i ...i.i I. . I i i i..i I i_rh. ii . 11111 iflI h i hil .1 11.1.1 1 1 1 i_it I_IT..! I lihtilhi. thhItt 5 I i_huh I 121.2 2 3 . . .. . . . 3 2 2. ii .... . ISound 1 . I I I 12i2 42142t ii . 1 1 I I 1 J 1 __L__.j___j._ 1 . I - I -1 l 1 -.--. - 1I.t.. n_u i .II.IflS.h..hti.if ii4TTi- .11 5. I ight . ..:J . ]:1.I tJ 14 I ir 13 it- j . ...i. .:..:. .J. ... . j T 131 13 13 - r ir 13 131 I Ά Ά Ά ir -L Ά = -L -1- : i ir w iir wir irir irir irinii rbith: ; ; : i E32:JI: : r2224: :.I3 1 :: . 1 A-16 ------- MATRIX I RESLL1% MUCF .AT Pss STF ENS BGB DNC 0811 CAG BFH COG DIN CSN LSP SPS $80 GRY PHS RCC UGE/PHVSJOLOGY:.. . . :..: 3 HYS.COMPLEXI J 3 1 I I 1 3 3 I 3 3 3 3 3 i .! caIr.ftsf 1 1 . .z...:; 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 . 13 13134 -- 3 - - 3 3 -- -- -- -- - 3 3 -- 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 . 4. : . ::. ...:::.:::. 2 1 i I I : wmovmsnt ..:::..: . . I I 3 I I F.aturn . . : 1 1 t I 1 t I I I 2_ 3 0 O -. 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3_ 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 . . . .. . .:. . :: : 3 OLOGICAL COMP1 aTY: - Vuc.PIO 0 O. : :: :.: : .: : :: ::. . : :. : I I : . :......::..:::. .:: : ::. . :.: ..;:..:;: ; ...::.. : :.f: :::: :....:.:.:. ...:. !9! !!E . . . : . . . . . . .: :: : . .2_s 031 3 . . 3 ... : !._ 1 1 .. 2 . . . . . .. : : . 0 0.0:0:0 0 DO 00 0 O.O... :: DO ri oMga. . i y : L3 !L J_ : i.. .... : . . . . ..; .. J31313 3:. .1. 1 t: ..... . . ... : : L 0.... . .......... . . :: . . . : . .:: :: .: .. :: ;.: :.:.. 2: : . .. .: ...::. : :.: :f... 2.2 .... . .. . : . . . .. . :. .. . .. .. . : : : . .. .-.__ U 1 .2. 2 3 :L ... c: . 3:. . 1?..i .. . . . .. . . . 4 Sow . .. I_ ! _____ . ! ?1 4 .4. .: ...: 3 3 3 .1 4 4 :::::: I ... .4 .4.. : 1 3 3 3 :.: : ::j. 3 4 4 ... . ... . ;:. 3 4 : 3 4 3 4 ::: 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 :::: 3 4 3 4 - 3 4 3 4 -- 3 4 3 3 -- 3 313 4 - 3: 4...:. 4 .4. /Sidimsnt :::.. : . : . . . . . . .. ...... . . : . . . . . : ::: : . .. I :2 2 4 4 : 2 2 2 . . . ..: 3 -. I 1.1: I* . 4 3 3 3 4 . . :.. 4 .. ... . . .: 4 T 2 . 2 .4 :4. . . . ; ::. 4 3 . : : 3 . ... .1 . .::. ...::. . . 0 : .: :oo O...:: 0 0 :O..:Q Q ..o...0 4 A.17 ------- MAT I RESUL MUDFLAT 3 ::f :I1..1:J j I I STF ENS BGB DNC GBH CAG BFH COGDLN CSN WPS LSP SPS SBD GRY PHS RCC REPRODUCTION III. . It 1I I.IIuIl( tutu irjitu ( S : t 4: etatIO?O 0 : ° i Emergent Vuc. P *nt* . . ::. : : It ° ..: :: : .: ::.. :: .:O...:r. .-: . :. 0 0 0 0 I N I Pill Ittlilt I hilT . III . . .1.11.. I 1 1 4 .lIII...IIl I.utI..I.( itt.tii_u .iiuiti -i- .. 0 Subm.rgent Vuc Pisnis , - oilo I I 4 t I F . + , .* Macro alga. : . 0 0,0 I 1_ C Sdiment . .. .. . . . : : .:.. .::: .:. :;:: :.: :.:: .:: . ... . . I 1 3 1 a 1 0 0 ELEVATION I - o Subtidal j1 ii 0 2 fntertidal - .. [ . 0 : ::: .:: . .::.::::: :0 .; . . L 0 0 31 tm , it 2 H 00 4 4 : . . . 4 4 .. 0 Rioarian : . : .. :. . : . 0 , II II . . : . II I U I- ptlo 0 0 tnn1 I 1_3 0 3 0 3 1 0 3ENERAL :: - - U )aIinIty I 2 3 3 4 : ::: remp.ratur. - 0 H-tl,IH I 2 3 t-r-I .1JII 3j 4 ( I - .______ till. . II 2 ..L.flI 2j ; 2 . . . . . . . .. ... . .... . Sound : 4 0 I 4 4 10 0 rm 4 0 0 3 1 ght 4 0 I lii IPH - 4 1, 111 t I 0 0 0 3 I Wat.r/sethmnt Ou*I 4 4 .4 4 II. ..-.: I...lfIIt I..L.III IlultIll IIIiII, 2 2 ..1.ll . II .1 II IIIII..U 111111111 l!I!IU 4 4 4 4 . . .. . .... . . . . . . ., . . . .. . . ITurbidit s .. . : . . . . :.:::: .. . .. f.;. . : : :. .: .. . . , , . . I unit 4 4 4 4 3 1 0 4 I I .1 I . .I A-18 ------- MATI X I RESULTS SANOFLAT PSS IPSO ISSO 1SOS IGBHIHGBICOC3IDLN ICSN ILSP ISPS IG ( IDNCI .: : 3 J_3 3 3 1 W1V TEBRATES 22233323 :: 13 3 3 p1 BsnIc 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 33_ 0 :: Est hIC :::::__ I 3 3 3 13 I : ;: 2 2 2 3 22 2 3 : 3 3 3 2_ P I :. .:: :.. ,. \. ;: . . :.: : :. :: - lit ..i .9 3_ NSU n .. . .. .: ;/:: : . 0 010 1 01:. :. 2 : : :: - - - - : 0 .9 3:: 0_ O_ 03 VERTEBRATES . : : : Dsn rsaI 2 0 0 0 1 I 3 . .r:... .::. 3 (0 33 Waist Column . 1 1 0 1 Q 1 01 i 3 3 . 1 3... :: 2 j . - Trrs sVi al : :. .. :.. . . .. .: .. : .: . o .o 0 : I 1 t P1.M4TS 4:44 44 4 Emsig.ntVuc. 0 a o :o . SutllflSrglflt VUC.. . . ... :.. .: : : . . . : ::.. 0 0 0. : .:.:. .. : :: : M O$ 19U .. :. : ..:. : . ; . : :: Q 0 0 0 .::fl:.... :: .. .. .::: . :. 2 Miao algai .. :: . o 0 0 . .. ... . :: A-19 ------- MAT ( I SULTS: SANDFLAT IENERAL i. I PSS PSO SSD ISDS IGBH HGB COG DLN cSN ILSP ISPS IGRY IDNC tritus I S. ::Ψ. :0 .*. .. 0 filM t..flltS 1111.1.11 : ;.: : .: MW 4 .: H :: ::: :.: I II . 1 1 1.4 14. 1 t .l.I 1 1. 11$ I 1 1M ( I W MMI I I I I II I . ,rav . 1 1 1n9 I - 0 ... . .. ... II Il 0. : .. 0..;:: .. .1. l. . .ll . iI ii .. I I 1 11 1: 1: 1 .11.1! 1111111.. I i - . . . ss .. . .:. : .. ..I til lIIlI U ... S . 1111111 Th IU I.I 111111111 111111111 1 Till..! I II I. lIitliI.l lil.I.I I . I arrion ii . : . . : : : .:. .... i It OC C . .:: : . : 2_ T I j 3232.2 II. II. : 11111 0 0 C ( C I Ill . ..:: j 3 1.1111 1111 1 1 iTT . J* II I ! ! 1111 i emperatur. 2 j ________ 12 2 .2 2 C ( .r... . 1 TITI..1.I : ... 3 3 .iIiiifj IIIII.I IIJII.UI... . uu.i I A-20 ------- MATRIX I SLLTS: SN 1oFLAT I ss Ipso SSD SDS GBH HGB OG DIN CSN LSP SPS GRY DNC GE/PP1YS O OGY : :: : : : fYSCOMPI EXI1 4 t % I III UI iIieaIr1lsf I C 3 - .3 .! I II 3: : . L -lI_ I. ; 4 3--- . 1 1J 3 3il3 3 : 3 3 3 3 3 : : - -T---_ !_ sr movemint :::: 4 4 4 ..s..IIIu I,I...t tJ_ IUI_ _II ui(i.., .. I 1 t1t I I . ,.. ( . . I II.._IIISIiI1 . :.. .I.!...I._... . ! &.1cI. . mthymitricF atu 1111 1 I :: :i 1 - . : ,, a :i 3 :: : :: 3 : 1 0 1 : _°_ _j1:!: . . . . . : . . :. : III ISHflhII 11111.111 IllIllIll p t I II I I . . : :. : OLOGICAL COMPL flY n.rgirn Vuc. Pt 0 0 1 ltII..!lI II-,,.r 2 ubm.rg.nt Vuc. P anti . Ti i 4s :. . w.. : . ::-- 0: : O 0 : 0 : 2 : . croMga. 0 O 0 0 0 .9_ 1 .9_ 1 L Ii -2 0 O 01 ? 0 0101. 2 :: :: t :: 3 :: 3 :: 3 :: 1- 3 I 3 : J I 3 4 3 J I ---. N 32 J It, NEPAL Iinity 1 1 3 1 - 3 -:j I . . sw_: ofr_ . I t t LII 1111111 2 0 . . . . . . .1.. . . . . . .. P:...*. .I 111.1,11 II. ulIlIJISI .11.1 1 1 11111 r.mp.r.t r. . . ..,., 11 21 21 21 C : i I . . . C ( I I$ou nd I : I I . L - . .1 I 4 . I 4 tlIIl..It 4 j3 I 4 3 3 3 3 3 I . I. I I - 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 Ught . ... . hint.. 1 I....l. ,I .f . .I:: iiiii , .4 I. I.I..II , ,.i. ..t 4. ..II...II 1i .IflhiII 4 .I....III 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 I1. ._.Il_ 3:... II IIItt . 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 !::I i Watst/Ssdimrtt I . 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 . Jilt . . 2 2 3 3 3 3 iii , 3: . . . . I I 01 Turbidity . . . . . .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- 2 2 2 Z 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 . :.: :: I I 4 I 1 A-21 ------- MATRX I SULTS: SANDFLAT I BSTMTE i.::...:..ji.. ( Is:I:.:.,.rTrIi:su._.: rian GENERAL Salinity Tempraturs I . I1 Macro * QIi S.diment ELEVATION Subti al Intertidal Sound Light Water/sedimnt 2 3 0 :0 . . . S .2 2 4. 4 ! !Y 4. 1 0 I 3 2 0 .0 I 3 .4 4. .4 :*. *.:;. pss PSD SSD SOS GBH HGB COG DLN CSN l p I$p$ Ia y I NC REPROOLJC 11ON I: :::.: I.... I .1 I.. .. 4 II-,-IIIIII iiii LI III II 1 1 1t H 4- I 0:..:.:: I I .. .1.! 1 t1..iii j:..:: 1 l0I:. OI.O1 Em.rg.nt Vaic. - : : : . : : : . .:.:.: ::.:1 :: I 0 ...01 .; I I2 I 0 .4 lI: ...n 1.1.y.l.1.1t1.I. 14 1 . ) :1.1 1 ...s :1 .i ...i I .3l 31 .31 a ,. . ..:lI,Js...I.H)y ..:... :l.IIuI:....I.l.I:l:.,.u 31 31 3 21 2j .1 I .1 . I I I a! 0 1111 0 fl .:.fl I .1:1:1.1 ::.:.1I.::l: ;;: 4.. .. 01 .0. . .,o. : 4. Ii :0 I . I I C . lo :10 10 :1 .4.. 1 I ..j 3 I .1 I 31 oI oI ...i: i 1 - I___ Turbid .- . . .. 3 .:Q I . . . 31 C l ii :2 .2 I 1 .1 I 21 21 .21 1t -. .,. ..IlIIlIl..Itul.u1ll.l.I ..IiIiill( 01 01 2 3i t -Irt1f t:rtT-t tt I I1ρtmU t1 I fiI sI .4 4. i..I..;..:JXl; .:... i..:....ii 3 : 1 I 4 4. 4 4. ±c ... A-fl ------- MATRIX I RESULTS: GRAVEL OS&f FEEDINa T -- φ 5 i -- GRS WSG PlC PLP SIP RVL RAC D C MW WG HGB BFH UP 3 SPS 3 - - RCC - INVERTEBRATES Bsnd sc L L - - .L9 .? - - J.9 3_ L. - - L . .P _ 02 a 32 2 2_ \\ . . . 3 . 0 p 3 3 3 , j Epibinthic :: ::2 : :: : :: :: :: :: : :_ :: : :: 2323 23 33 Z: 3 323 2 - - 33 --_ - 3 zi 2 2 2 - 0 3 3 :1 23 J3 J_ :. ::::.. .1_ !_ - 1.- . _ 3_; - : .. .l.Qsc :: :: :: :: I . : :, 31_ J : . S ! - I - I .:::. 3::O O.I 1 f .: : 3 : ..... :.::: : ..::.: .. . .. ......... .... . . .. . . . , . ... . . . :: . : 3 : .: .: ;; 3 3 : -. :: 3.3 0 0 : 2 13 13 2 .: :: :? - - .. 0 0 C 4f..j 13 IS 0 0 :: i 13 13 3 31 :: :::..: :.. . RTEBRATES . ..... ... .. . v inaI 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 .0 Q: o 0 . 0 1 24 24 1 2 2 II 2 3 4 4 4 4 aIfCokJmn . 3 . ..: . .. ..... ..; : f:. .: 3 3 3 I ! ; . . 13 13 1 i 01 01 O1O. t :. ;::t.:.;:4:.::o::: :fa . I $ 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 I 2 23 23 2 1 Trrusr . .... .. . . .. .. : .::. : . :: :;: : : :. : ::..:: : .. . 0 .0 Q. 0 0 0 0 0 .Q:... O 0 ..:..Q:: :O : . . . -- 1. I I 1 I 1 : 1 .: : :::..:.., . . . .: 0 0 :. ...... .. . ::. : o 0 0 S :. : . . :: . . . : . . ... . . . . ....... ... :: ... : :: . :::::. :4...... . .... :.: .:. : .. Vaic 0 I 0 0 I I 0 0 I 0* 0 0 I I 0 t 0 0 I Si Vaic 4 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 G 0 a 1 1 1 t It I Macro . . :. ::: ;:... .:.....:.4. . 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 14 4 3 2 1 2 4 4 4 4 t cro 4 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I Q 0 0 0 0 I t 0 Q It 0 0 4 4 4 0 4 4 A-23 ------- MATRIX I RESULTS: OPAVEL COBBLE 1ERAL c s Q DYT SFS CPR PDS BFS GRS WSG FTC PIP SW R RAC ? DCC MW WGB HGB BFH tSP 4 SPS RCC ritus , .___ .::O. . ! ., O .. S.,, : :O : 0 C 0 : I I *. . o : : J I .. .. . . 0 o : : : ;:.... : MM 0. : I C 0 -- :1: .. : . 2 v IIrng E i j c j : - non !! ty 1 : .1 : : to I I I. t I 3 : : . : . .Is WI :: : : . .;:... .::. .. . 3 ; :: ; . . : -- - .:: : : : : . : . 33 1 33 24 33 14 2 2 33 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 1 2 .1: ... . . :. I C 1 C 2 uemperaturs 23 ..!_ 23 J 4 23 J 2 J .. 32 - . 2 2 2 2 I . . : 22 1 . .: :. : 0 : 12 . C C . CC C C 4 3 4 Sound - - 43 2 43 24 43 4 4 1 . 4 4 4 4 .. 4 1 4 4 .1 : .. ..4 4. : 3 j 3 3 313 4 4 4 - I 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 1 I-tnht 434343 I 24 4 4 1 4. . 4 . 4 4 4 I .. . 44 . .. : 4 4 .. . 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 : . .2 . i r/S.di I-. - --- m.nt c a 4:. 42 23 42 3 4 1 34 4 4 4 4 2 . 4 4 . : 434 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 3,4 3 4 . .2 idit L ___ - 3 43 23 43 3 4 34 4 4. . 4 4 . . ... .: 4 4 :4) ..4 , 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 .. . . 3 3.:I::Y:: 0 0.0 . . . .2 3 0 ------- L(&T X I RESLLT GRAVEL 000SLE 3 3 tI j** I 3_J_ : 2 -- \ 3 . -- J .? 1 -- 3 PHYICOMPLE Ut I 21 2 13 i.IIsf i_ : -- m _! r .!_ ::: :: 434343it4 131 132 % 4 131 - 2 7 V movsmint 0 3 ;:.::: - - . . . 0 0 BU n.trIc F tu OLOGIC*L COMPtEaTY . : . . : Vuc. O 00.030 .:;. I I I I t , Vssc PIsgi a 2 a 2 3 1111t12 t 3 II 2 4 I I I I 2 2 1 1 : .. . :: : .. :.: f . . . . . . . . . :.:;:.:.::.: : . . . . . :: 3 :: 3 j -- :] : ..t 0 0 - - 0 - - 0 ..4_ . -.. 1 : Ma o 4, I I I 3 213 1J13 t 3 1 * i I t I 2 * I 2 2 * . :. .. . : ... : :4. 3 3232233 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 24142 .: :. .. :?. :.: 4 32323232 2 2 2 * t 2 1 4 1 4 1 . . ... ;. : . f .).. :. . :. : .: . .. . . .. . ...:::...... .:. 4 . . . . 3 I . 3 . 2 I 434 34 34. 4 .4 .4 4 4. .4 :4:4. :4 3..: . : : 2 1 2 2 4 4$. ..:.::.:j. : .:::: ..:::..:.. ...:: : :::.:: 4. .. . 4 .4. 4 ....4 4 . ::.::....:..........:: . ...:;..:..:..:::4 .. . 4 34 34 34. .4 ..4 4 4 4 4 4. 4: 4 : 3 i3 3 3 3 !3 3 1 1 4 4: . .. ... ...:: :. 4 4 4 . w _ m.nt . . . . 0 2 2 .4r:4 24 24 34 42.4.424 4...:: 4;..::::: 434 3 . .:. 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 I I 3 31 3 3 3 3 4 4 T . . .. ... .... ..O - . 43434 34 34 .4. .4.. .4 4 4 4: .4. :.4 :. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 14 41 . .... .: o o o o o o A-25 ------- . MATRIX I ISULTS: GRAVEL COB8LE ICHS ICTT IDvT ISFS Icpp IPDS IBFS IGRS IWSGIPTC IPLP 18W IRVL IRRC IDccIMw I R1H BI ILSP ISPS IRCC I i Jk - I 1111 -: :1 . _ I - r 1$ . . .. 0 0 :. 1 .: : 1 .: ol a ... : : : :..; : : : :-. : : : .: : ::... .. ::: . 0:. . 0 0 3 0 4 4 4 4 a I I 3 . :.: 0 . . . : .:.::.: . :... : . : a . :. Sdimsnl : : 0 I ELEVATION : ubtidaI O: A 3 3 3 3 .::: .: f:: .. : .0 E :1 1 1 I . :.. ::.. Intertidal ..:. . .: .. .:.. : : : : .: . .: .... : .: :. :: :. .. f .: : .o.::::o 3 . : I I 3 : :: : ::. ::...:.. 0. D. .o:::: . ....o .:.o:::: o I t I zr .. :: :.:. . f:: : .:..: .: :: ..:: .: :: :. 0:. . . .. . :.: . : . :r 0 C 0 ::. : 1 . .... :. - . Ian :: : . :0..: I . : . .! :.. :.: .; , ) : .:: ..: ..: :: 3ENERPJ. :?c: :::: aIin * a : .2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 0 :1.: 1: i: 2 .. .: : . . ..:: .::: .: : :::.. : m raturs : I : t 0 I .: : . : : :. : : : : : . .:. . : ::?.: ::. : : :: . . ::: 0 .: a a a 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 I I 2 > . : :.: ; : .: :: . 1 1 \ 4 < . .. :::: .::.:::.:: :: : .: 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 ..: :. ... .. : .: :.. . .:.: : f - : ::I.I . . 0 . ... . - : 0 : ..- ::. 0 .. C 0 ound hght Watsr/s.diment O &It ;, .;;;:;..1 .:. I if i.ui,..; ;1tii,i:l.f> . I :..:i .::.:.::: 1 :.: .: i. .s:IO . . .. ..1 :.4 Ir1 . I . I I I IIYtIVI4 I I UI I UI :UI UI 01 01 ! !!I:.hljhl!Juhhl .I.!!I.II! ..l. . . I ... It 1.11.1.1 II ..;I.. l . :.9:!!.; !::::! :: ;; .:hI?I:. U:_Il II .:I!::;.! .!. lIIIl .i tII.IISt tt:I.I:s 11.1111 . Iitt...ltIiiIijisi - 4 I I I I II ILI Ii I I fl I II t 0 0 . O.C 4:.. 4. 4 4 .4 4::.: > .. . . II,I.... IIuI I .111 ...IIUII II . . III 11111.11 .1 . tilt . 11th.. IJ.t 11111111 _III flII liii ..t .14 IT,iH littlU M l.I. .I M . 1 1 11J 14 11.1111 . I I I t REPRODUCTION St t STRATE I I: Ern.rg.nt Vasc. Ptsr i1:;,..; 1., 1 E1 .. :: I . tt.I...IT.I l.I1I :!!.I vbm.rg.ntVssc.P sn*$ Uu1I..i.... : 1: : I Jo 1 :1 q.. 1 . 1 . : : : . !.L: &I . . : Li:: ..:. ... . I. . : 1 i I: ; 1rI .ii i:i : i I . :I :1: .11 .II ____j i IAacrosIgas I :F. I .1. :1 1 :1 :1 :1 I0 .10 .10 14:11 Ii .::j4 :.I1 :.. 3 I.1...1 .:1:0Ii: 0I1 ..I.. I :j ;i I01Ol.DI0I 0101 Turbidity I : :t I....:::1 : ::I :1.:. 1 . .. . ..I.: . : : . A-26 ------- MAffiX I RESULTS EELG 88 E KPP SSP SHP SPB TBS a c c o ppo DNC BFH c at. G8H CSN SPS LSP GRY .s! P1-IS FED VERTEBMTES jo 202 Z I 12 3 I 0 3 3 Intt ic i: : i _ ?_ 3 3 3 _.!_ 3 E nthic : :. ... 33 33 - 33 3 3 33 33 32 3 - - 3 .... 3: ::: 3_ 3 . O.: 2 2 :. 2 2 1 1 _:2 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 Pe c . .;:::: . . . : . !- -- . .... . . :.. 2 1:1 . : i.; t: 1_ o.?. ..! 3 _ . . : ::: . f. Nsuston ... ... :: 1 : .1 1i.t::1 1 0 1 VERTEBRATES t 2 2 2 3 3 T 2 .. 4 . . ;..::: : . : .: 3 : .::. . :; :.: : : . 2 Osmrsa l -_::: Th . 0 ψ.: 0: 0 2. : ::. . :. .. 0 0 0 i: i i I I ? I 2 3 3 3 3 33 Witer Column jj .i___ 000 0 .a.4G...o.::..O:... : I I I 1 2 1 :.:Ψ: 1 2 3:2: 2 3 3 3 0 0 3 0 3 2 1 0 3 113 3 3 T crsstria I . . : .:: .: ..:. :: . :: . . .:. . ... . .. :.. .: . : : . : ... . :: . : :;: : : ; - .-____ oc otoitI;oto..o.o. .0 . :::. . 1 1. 1 1: :1 t I ..:: f 1 : 3 : : 2 C . .. . : . :0.0 0 PLANTS . :. ... . . .. .4 . : Ern!f9ntV$sc :_ - 2J 1 01010100 ...o. 0 ; i 1..:.. 0 ..1 3. ..3.. 0 . O 0 0 i. ..1 ..3 .:;.. :.. 3 .. 4.4 .... : .. .... . 0 D..0 :.o : I Subm.r 9 intVuc I______ . L! L_ . . . . . . . : . : : 2 3 r . : . . . 01010*0 0 0 0 0 :i:f:.. 1 3 4 3 C ......... .. 4 4 MscroaIqs.. E . . : ..:.. ::.. ::: ..f 9 0101O 0 a o t 3 2 2 2 1 . . : : t j_ 2 3 : g .3 0 3 1 3 . 0 3 0 C 3 4 4 P cro& as 0 0 f 0 4 0 * 2 2 2 2 . 1 t t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 00 3 A-27 ------- MATRIX I RESULTS: EELGRASS I CMS KPP $$P Slip SP8 TBS 6PF CRG PPG DNC 8R4 CAG BLB GBH G CSN SPS L.SP GRY OSP PHS ,ENERAL . I IlI I II I I 2 I_______________________ in I in ft p I u 3 0 .JIIII i.I,I ,,I lilliStli &IIIIIItJ .I.llI._ .., .JII IIII..lut S :_: [ .4 4 : : .. ... . .. : . . . .. . . . . )stritus ravsIIing I 000 4 0 0 0 i I ,_.I.._II, ..t.._ .11 lI.uI .II.._IIS It tI.uI.uIft IL_Il 3 J .2 , I (U . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . t I-I- k I II I I I t I It C SIC S II I) C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IIlflI I CIII.LCC LI.,. .C C.CI CL_I I C.I S.IIC .1111111 ICII.CCI I II 1 1 I I t 1 1 ILC..I C_LI_IC .,_I._.._ _ CCII.. 1.1111.1 11.11111 IICITIIC I SC CII I C II 1 C III C I t 1 Si CCICCCS I_ChIlI ISIiCII 11111111 1 11_I_IC uIuI.CCtC liii. ,, lIlt CIICCII I 3 , . huSh .11CC CCIII CI.IICTC 11 1 1_IL. I__C... ...I.t_Ift I_C__Il ICII.IICI I arrion I II C C C I C I-Ht1 I I II 1IC 2 I C II lI*I q a 0 °I)C 0 S 4 11 $ 1 II 2 .t.....;. .II.C I-Srn I._; ! 1 1.1111 II .:.;:.M . \ I III I ICIUCCC I ICCI I C. CI I I I I C I I 1 I C I C I I 4 4 .. .!1.C. . I 111111..) .:.IIII!I Il__SCIII . IlL.. I 11111 ;s ahnity L I 033 3!3333232323232 3 . : T t . : .: : . : . . I..:CI.....IS..I.:.IIiII..C:...:I 1 1 1 1 1 . 11111111 :... 11.11.11 111.1.1 CI I - . . 11.1.111. I I I. .1 . 1 Itt . . : . : . . : . .. :( . CICCHP .. 0 3 1111111 ILII_III 1 11 1 1Cc 1 1_ICC ICIIIC 1 11 1 11 .1) 11 . .4. . ..f .. ..: I emperature I I . C 3 2 , 2A ..I . . ..,II.2 .t:.. 2 2 r ... .2 n ... Il .I1 .I .1 . - 1 1 1 1 .- . POund . : ____________________________ 3 , .4 .44,42:: 2 22.2 3 3 _= 3 I .! . 2 0 3 1 3 I 13 : 3 3 3 I I I 4 43 3 4 3 kj 9 ht : : : : :: :: :: :: :: C CCCI CU I : I 4 - - 344.4 .4.422 22 2 1 1 T I C I CIII 3 :: 3 3 ::: 3.. : 0 31 - 1-- T 3 31 -iI IT 313 - iii TC erfSthment Quality . . . . . .. . I .... I..C 1 1.-.,.! 1.1 . .. 4244.444 .. .4 44 . ... . 1 2 2:2.2.:. 14;!. : 2 : 3 3 i i .2 : : I I .. . ..; ... I . . .. 2 .2 H: .i 3 213 L- rbudity : r 4 3 I . .- f HI .C . 4 444 4 3 3 ! :2 2 .II;: ..,.i.I .:.v.I, II . ! 3 3 J !?_ 3 :2 31 .. .1.44. ° 3 3 ° A-28 ------- MATRDC I RESU1.T& EELGRA$8 CMS KPP SSP SHP SPB TBS FUOE/PHYS1OLOGY: x.. ...::. ::. :: :...: CAB PPG DNC BFH 11.8 GIll CSN S P S UP G RY OS P PHS HYSGOMPL.ExJ3 333333.:2. 3 232 ?2? :;. : 2 1 1 o stb mIiif I 2 2 1 ;::. 3 3 3 3 0 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 333 Ataisd9$ .:. . . : 43*141414 4 3 j 43 % 3 3 . ..... 3 0 3 3 0 3 0 3 2 ,$ 2 4 4 1 mov.m.nt .. . . :..,.:.:, ...... ... . : . . . .. .: :... : : :. : : - 4 4 4 4 4 4 322 t I I I 4 3 Fe :. : . : : : .2.... ...f2:::.# 2.:4 .2..:.. 2_I I I t 3 I 2 344433 : :. .. .:: . : I 4 4 :_ 1 2 . 3_ I 3 ; 3 3 0 0 4 0 0:. ;* 3_ _ 4 LOG CAL COMPL OTh : : . . . . . .. . . . : :. : : 4 . Vuc.PIO .0 0 :030 030 0 0 :. : : . :: ..: .:::::i . . :::.1 t j......: .:.I:.:4 : : 4 0 :00.0 O O..O .Vflt V$$C. Plants ! . : : . . . . - - c u . i.1 ± . 232i3 4j333 33l3 ::: :±± 33 : : : : 3 3 3 i : . . . . 3::f.:: 3 ° .:..: ° 0 ... : : - - 2 3333 23 23 23 2333 31 3 3 3.:. . . 3 . ::. 2..2__ 3__ j_ j__ 2 f . 0 . :: 0 : 2 o - In - - . -.- - - - I332323232 32 2 jj 1 1 1 - - - - - - - 3 3 2 1 . . ::: > C . -_______ 134 4 4 4 4 2 :2 .2 . : .:. . . 2 :: : . :. .. :: -.- 1 1 1 1 1 .... I : :......:. :4. . . - - 434 4 3 24 322 :2.2 2 3 0 I - 2 I 1 1 : . 4 4_ L j : 3 4 01 3 2_ 1 i__ 3 4_J 3 i_ 4 . = 2 3 % N : i . - -- - - - - 4J34 4 4 4 4 2 2 22 3 3 0 -___ 1 1 1 t. I . :: - 2:::.:?: 3.4 3 3 4__ 3 4_ 3 3 4 4 3 3 ;:..:? .;:... : : : : . ..- .... .:..: : 434 4 4 4 42222 22 a 2 2 .3 3 3 : : 4 2 2 4 3__ - 1_ 4 4 4 4 1 - . :: ..:. .:. 34 4 4 4 4 2 222 3 -- - -- : 2 2 3 3 A-29 ------- . MAT X I SULTt EELGRASS I ICMSIKPP Isw SFIPISPB Ias I F IcRt IPPnInNnlBFLa IcAGIB1 s IGBHIGW CSNlSPS lisP jGRY OSPJPHS I PRoouaIoN [ 11 Ifl hII1 1 JJ 1JIi1I T S BSTRATE :, clan Wgstatio En.rg.nt Vast. p aMa . . : : : :. : 0 .0 T . . : -- - I ! ! 1 Subrnrgnt Vast. Rants . . :+ ; . . .. I : . >:...:... n . U . -Vji . I _ i _ .Y _ .iii i i i . ? . 4 : 4 :: .4. .:4 .:O .i I . * . . if U \1 ii L ! I i :j . [ .:. .I : . . :i .iI it :f ff (i > $V. [ . : X J:. .I: : : 4 I: I I 1 I:t ! I p I:I I: I;:: i. . : : I :I:. ::. :.!I , ; I : A-3 0 L P V Macro algae . : : : : . . . . >:.:. . : : . : . : : ; :. . :: :::.. : . . : : : : : ; :.. * : .O :*O 4 .3 4.3_J__3 tf....::: :S : : . : : . : ;. $ . I 3 1 Sediment 4 0 0 _1__ 0 - i: 1 1 000 ELEVATION .. . : . : ; :. . : : . . ) . : . Subtida l 0 E 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 _2__. 0 0 Intertida l . . . . .: . 7 : :. : : ;:: : :.. . . . : : : : . : : : .. .. : : : . :c:y. : :.Y. .. . :: .: . . . : . . . . . : o 0 I 2 : 1 C 0 O O C 0 0 0 0 I I I 30 ... f l. : ::....:. . .::. : ... . :. :0 - I - nan O s 1 , GENERAL * 2. :. S . .. . .... . : : . . . : . . : : . Sa linity 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 I . - - - - - - - - I 0 Tsmperaturs . . . .. .. . .. . : . . : η . : : . .. . . . : : . : :t : : : t : :. :: ):.:C:: > * . . : S : : : . : : .. ; . : . Os I 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 k C Sound ! I . - 0 4 : :H: ..:::.. . . ... ..,. . . .. : :.. . : : ; . : . . : . .. ..t .. :. : : : : : : : ; ::xx . : C : : : ; > : : ..f : Y . : . 3 . .Z : . . : . : . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 D C .ight . . .... : . . : . . . . .. : .: : : : :4 : 4 Y 4 4 .4 ... 4 ... . . : :. . .: :T . ... . . . 0 0 0 I :0. I Water/s idim int O$s fi* 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 30 0 C :_i-_ 1 i ITurbidity 1 0 . ------- MATRIX I RESULTS DEEP SUBTJDAL LSS RSC PAC PlC WEP NOS MWF RTF SIP HYS DVS OS ONC FEEDING: I I : :: INVERTEBRATES 3 21_ L t 3 Bsnth,c 3 2 < : Eplbsnthic Ff11 !s : Pelagic : 3 : __ ::. ;.: I 1 ,, , , , 2 2 . = :! : 3 Ii.I :I1IlII It I Li i uI Ii a Paula I 11111 1ij i , ,, ,,. , t a. a sita it - . - . ..... . .. 1)11 II it a 1-I q ,, 3 0 0 I I a a hi , -- . Nsuston .. .. . :: :::.: .:.:, . ...: . . . II....ILI .TuttII. .IIlIII.Itl .ltIItTII flit.. I. 0 0 G 0 0 0 0 ItIltIl IllitiTtu lI..1511t1 ItIU_tl.iI 0 0 . ::1... . 1 :::2.::.::3 S..:.. Ill t G 0 VERTEBRATES . ..f:: :: DsmersaI It.:1 : . ..i:.. o 0 i ::: .: .:: ::.. :: : : 2 I ; 2 .. . . 3 Water Column :::.: o 0: : o .. . : : σ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . .. . . ... ... 3 : 3 2 1 :1 1 :2 : .. . . . . : Terrestiiaj : . . :: . :: :::. : wo IItI . . ::: . : : : : . o o.o :0 no t I I t I I I .._I.luI. :: IIt.TtIut.. l!1:I 1.11 . . IlII.!. lI IIII .1 - ...l: . ._I.. !:t-1:1:tII-tlt.t II.uI.IIIII.II I1tIIt I V PLANTS .:. ..:::: : . ::: : ._.;...: ..:_.. .. . ... : I It I t EmergentVaac 0 400 oc on U ;it I t o o 0 0 I 2 Is Submergent Vasc. .;; ..,. . ., . . . ..p . o: 0 0 0 0 C : . ,iI..ii,r,, . ,,. . . ., ,., ! 0 0 0 1 2 Macro algae :: ::: ...: : ::.. : : ::. .: r.tt....t i.j.,iu,i IIIt.II1I! iii in in airti .. o 0 0 0 0 OC till_ Il i ii ..IrI.Ir .1 11 11._ill. 2::::. - 2 :-. ...:: ::. .. i i.. . ir i ir, .r.i:rtrrir ii . . . r . .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i_..i,-_ i .i.i.i.s..i.iii.r i_i.i_..ii.ii i_ii._Iii .Lui, ..i.rI..I.i , ,._ . . .. :.; : . . . Micro algae .- :. .. :- .--::: --- . -: . .. -:- - I I -i_ - I-s. -._- 0 0 0 0 0 0 OC :::2:. . -2-- ... :.. .- Ii It 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- . :- :: .-- - :-.-.-:.. : . . .. -. A-31 ------- MATR$X I RESULTS DEEP SUBTIDAL I I I 1 .. E WEP NOS MWF RrF SIP HYS DVS cos c ERAL . : . . :...2 3 .... ... I ic L L Li I L I I . ,. . . . :, .: ?, .:: . I. .I ,yi ..:;:::: :. ::; : :: .::: ::X . : . . .. 1 I -1 l II I ti IkI-l1 SI III 0 0 0 0 0 O 000000 ..,i..... : : . .::1t. .1 .I.I1:II.II III 111111! . I.Itt.I.!.1.u.. 1!:h1:? ;!. IiI,I. !ISI I .! .I .I. I .tI:I . , I fl ρ I II II (t,i i i W i i i sun ;r *s WI, ff1 tI ri-i i . i . si u I S i II II S II O:.i.0.: 0: O : :: T :i .! S I ?; : d&i$ , S ivsfling Ion . n4y I 1 3231 3 23 22 3 23 23 2t iplrsturs I .. 111111! 1111111 tI.U 1 1.5 11.1.. III:IL.I IIM.15l 1 1 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 : :42 4 2 4 4. .4 .4 2 I 2 . * II II I II 11 11 151.. I II II II I.. 1.11.111 lIHhSIlIS J SOufld ... .... ..: . . . .:. . 42 42 4 2 2 2 2 22 , Ά ri 1..t . I I. u i . , ?. u i ,Aif .. i_.iri , us I I. i .rI- II.III.IIuI iUiiiii . i l l I l l I l l i ns i .uiIi. i I flU 5 51.1 4242422 2 222 42424 42 2 22 Light 222 r/Sedim.nt = 2 : = = 32323232.2.2 1 32324242322 2 2 .. :... :.. :.; : L2 :: 22 32i 2 2 2J2 2 323212i31;iJ1H A-32 ------- MATRIX I RESULTS DEEP SUST1O IL IL$S I SC JPAc PlC WEP lN0 I I TF SIP I S ID S IcOS b .c I I J- I I PHV ηoMPLE a1 V*r*ic rslκsf w mov.m.m Bathymitric Ffatu , - i-iJ I.: .:; I.P , I 0 . I 4 I Ii 1.1. t.III _ .l. .- I- _ -.- _ - _ I _ 2 - 1 . .... .. I!.l Q 11 ; . 0:.; Q::L ;:. . I I 2 2 *. I I 1l-.- n I III II II H SI II I IA II I . ..:# : : .: .. :..::. : BIOLOGCALCOMPLEUTh ; . : > ? :.v. ...;:. I I S I S II S 115 I I SS II I I I 111111 II jj iiii ! !pgsl1tva1c.pt O 0 . .I..Tr . ... . .II!I I I 1 t .. :... ..:. .: . IIIIIY. 1FE i. Submsig.ntVuc.piants . . : ..... . .1 I. . IIJI... I I I I I I . 11111 ..1.I.irI. thU. IIITIIIIITIIT 1101111 111.1111 0 1:0 O...O.0 00 1 1.1.. .IJII.l Ililti . 1 1. 1 I .j.III.t.I II SIl I.It IIII. II. .IIPtlII.i 1111111 1 liii IT I. 5IIuIII II.IIIIIII 1 1 15. 111 I 2 1 3 U I I I I I I I 15151 I Ill I I till II I I I I I II IiacrO !_____....._._ . . . :.: ._: .:: . ::.;:::. :.: ;: .fc :: : 11111. 11 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 q 11 O 0 I! 23 It 2 1 1 1 I TII... ILI.,. I . . . . I5 lIrlIl.. 151111.1 .1111 .1 Ill. III..II 11.1111,11. 1111111. GENERAL Sain uty 2 3 : :__ E : = : 3f 2 : : $ Tfl Ii&tJrS I 4 2 l 4 4 4 2 Sound . ; .:.:...... ... . .. . : .. ... . l1T1. ... II ..L.III i. .... .I IIttIII .1111,1, 111.111.1. 11. 1111 1... .IIIIII.1. .1.11111111 1111111 I II 1T1 1tIIIII IIITI lI. . iII1I.. 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 44 -t II I rt l ! t* :::. : . . . :,. ...I) I I I. . 1.1 1IItTI. tIl1 Ill. Ii. .. 2.2 :4:4: 4 2224 tTITti.tIT .ItI.!! 1111 .IIl.I..I. ...II t. .II. 1.1 TI . . 1 1.1.. .1.1.11 . ITIt1ITI !III!IIIII .I IT( l TIT I ITIIT I.I..t .!.. . :T;.!_I_1... Waist/SsCθmnt ° : - .:2 :3 31 I IL - I I lI IUI - 3 2.2:3 : . - IL 3 2: + - 2 ± 2 Turbi n 5 jj -______ 2 2 3 f ::.:: . - tI .1 .,. 3 2 2 3_ .: ;::, r :::: 1 2 2 2 :. .. T I A-33 ------- MATRIX I RESULTS: DEEP SUBT1DAL. .1 L _1. I I I 1 1 1 II LSS REPRODUCTION RSC PAC PlC WEP NOS MWF RTF SIP HYS DYS OS DNC SUBSTRATE Cu 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 I arian Ve9etation Em.rgent Vuc PtaMs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 D :.. .:I ... .::: :: :..: :4.::::.:.. :: : Submsrg.nt Vuc. .9. 0 i I Macro algae : : . . . . . : .;..:. . . : . :::::: . : Lo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D . : 1 : .. . ..2. ..: S.dimint .. . . : . .. . . . . .. : : . . :. . I - 4 40 I I . I ATI0N Subtidal LInt. !L ---_____ I 2 : :: - - . :3 333 2 = 3 . : : .. . : .. . . .. .. : .. ..: : . . ! _o 0 0 0.0 cr1. I . 2 : : . . iR . arian . . . : . :: . . . . .. . : : :. .. L00 .0O 00 0:O.:O:. .O. .:O:* : . i::. I ENE alinity :: .. : 3 32 mpraturs . : : . :: . ::. : . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 * 4 ound . .. . . . ... ____ 4 4.44.44.4:4:4.44 9ht . . . . . . .. . . . . j,_4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 1 . at.r/sedim.nt Qua . : :.: :. . --- 44:4 4..4 ..44 44 4 4 .. 3 . . ITurb 1dit , .____ .--_ 22 3 -ii - . .. . 22 3 .2.2 2 2 23 :. A-34 ------- MATRIX I RESULIt WATER COLUMN :::: iA ct i CHS CKS STH RVL PAM LFS SFS SSC P si. cn M W en GD RFH OSP sfl : t o.:...:::o E::G.. ft !L . . t 9 . . 0 :U. . U U . : . S . - L . FEEDING . 8snthic Epib nthic -- -___ ! ! * 9ic . ; . ; : . . . . . : . . 32322 33320 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 2 3 24 3 3 _ _: ::I: :i: - : . . . : :Q. : ;: 3 3 - 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 : 1 . 1 . . : La 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ! : u$ton . VERTEBRATES 4 323 3 3 333 N. I D S 0 * $ $ 1 QOQ:Q :OO4 .4: . : : f l tQO Q .Q t I I tl t I I I I 3 Wat .r co j umn . . 3 3 3 333 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 0 00 0 00 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 2 2 3 3 32 1 2 2 3i3 Trrntriaj . . . . . . ) . . : O:. V...Q . Q.. Q Q 0 O GGDODoeto$$ t I I I I I I I t 3 0 0 00 0 00 00 0 . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . : . :. ::. x ::: k : . .. . . .. . t. :b : Q : Ψ:4 0. 000:. ..: : . .. v: : . : :: t I 1 . :t.. t :. . .t:: .: : .. . : 1 . 4. . 1 .. .:. : : > , . : . : . . 0 33 0 PUNTS Enisr.ntVnc. Submer.ntVasc. C .4 . .......... 4 4 .4 :4 4 4 4. 2 4 4 0 0 O 0 0 0 :0 O 4 :Q Q : . . . 4 . Macro alga. ,:( . oojo :i : Micro algaa ± : 1 * 1Ilrti 0 I ttIIIfItIaIIstata lat2I I I. I 14 1 .0 _ i t J n J r t a l a . ;. ! t . ).I . s l . v. p .SJ. ? . II$J. . . . 4 1j4 .4 otc I I 14 4 435 ------- MATRIX I RE$ULTS WATER OLLJMH PsI. CM CHSCKS STH RVL WB PAIl LFS SFS SSC PSI. WO cO RB MW CO GD BFH OSPS$t. PHS 1.. :I.:: 1.:.:. 1 I flTt-l-- I I S S t t ii j I r ) j j-ti -ri i 10 O .0 o . . : n n n .n : :.. ,II 11111115 .141-I, li-if. tIfIIIIItjpj __ ip fti..i A.!su .. _ , . 4. . . .. 31:::. . . . : :.:. . : I _ .uAtt -1111 .-I VS I i; ; i 1 , 11 1 .ii iL .: : .-. ;. i- _________ 0.0:0 0 I I . I INS 11111 II I S .5 II I I, Iii I II . . II . III III.I II 111111 hiTs LJI SI .SI .I .-*-. _ JISHhJI hulL 1115111 III.. _ t tISS.. *ti .tj .115 _ Ill rti _ .ti* ,. . .SSIIii. 11 J iii n.,iiui liii.. i... .i tiiI ,i ijJi U . ,Ii, I ; : M Of , 1 P. 1 S t l S S I ii.i II I II S I : . I I I S It SIIJ I I V -1 \i .i,ft ii i in r t u u ) .s 3 . -- SI ..I..... I I.ft.:Ifl.: Iit.: It In It . iii. ii Iii I .!! _.._..____. I ; !.I )ll. t.t..:5 .. _ I 0 ,III.I_I Ililifli JIlL -hi I _ OI j: .; 0 [ :. 0 I- I 41 j.:... 1 rntuvs - - - -- - - 3 232323232 2_ 2 32 IL113F23t iI33 FTrrr 2 h1 3 J 11 A 1J 1 4 or°rY:f tlJilIii i j;0 1 1 j0 1 0, 0 0 JO J 0 JO 1° Z 2 2 , i II I °I I tills i i ii II I I I:I I iii I S ii I i i I i i l i i i i i i I III 1Sf i Ii? l 1 :j 9 1 1k I4 14 : : :.:: 31 131 131 3 31 31 31 131 131 .1 I .:! I j _ .!.... I I- 4 . . 2 2 .l _ -_ -_ -_ -__ r2 4 Li. P .111111 11111111 III 4 4.4:../4 :::...::::. 3 3 .. . I!! 111111 IIii.SL . . __________.__1._ ! L3 34343434 4 4 4 .I.!.,.U . 11111 4 4. 4 3 3 3 3 II3 [ 2 2 2 2 ..:S I 3 3 3. 3:: : I . /ssdIrn.ntoILaIk 9 3 .. . ---- .. . . 4343434343:4 4 4 4 44 4 4. 2 2 2 2 2 . 2 7 :. ti ity 3 1 ttT r- i . 4 T.I i_ T,UiIIUIJP I 333 33 ?_ 2222222222 4 .444 4_ 44 4 3 4.4 A-36 ------- MATRIX I RESULTS WATER COWMN LI I!sA cM ICHS CKSISTHIRVL IWBLINOAIPAHILFSJSFS 1 S$CJP JW 1Dcc co I 1MwIC0 JGD IBFHIOSPJSSLJ M!i ii . t..I ....i: T :ir J 1 i .14 :14 1.4 .1.4 14 .10.131 j J :II __ J1I _ i 1. ! I :I::. i :.: .:.J : .:::.J :. . JB! LOGICALCτMPLE orYJJJJJ 1 J 1 JIL1 .I1II1I111U. Mj i ! merg.ntV ifo ojo .010 alo 010 010 10 10 10 10 r - - _____ L tttPI 11 ..°1 0J c 1 .I .f. I I It.:!.. I __ I _ __ . : 1 4::!4..*j:...j. 1ii.IIlIiIIIu11 I nsr .ntVucFIantsJjJ 41 JJJ 1 JJJjAJAjJ 1 J _ -1I?J!LI41i IO.Olooio oiooioni 4.i9;IP .PJJ ., OF-c ltltnhlIlI . I. J -h444f tI - 21 I 1:1 I.,i:.....:.:;:j I II I I I I I - . L 10:1010 10 lo 10 10 lo 10 o Ic I I.:..O1:.: .01 O1 ni ni ni ni nI of Ji t:tt:t: :.Tf :.. I ! I:....I... I 1. I ! 1 I IPHYS. τoMPLDaIOi; II, licalrψljif ! : !izontaI sd9u Water mov.m.rit I : J : ::.:. .j ... J4 L I..: I 31 L13 B&t i rn.tric Fi ... 1 1.:.:. I I I i: U I :.i 1 Micro AJΰi. ,- ERAL ty 31 1 I I I 3 2! 31 21 2 a 41 .1 21 I I T 3131.2 .:IZ..12 .131 12 12 l3l . . lI_.1 -- -4-1 . 10 1 3 rk 4 IIJIiI J: i .. :::;: ; j J j : :: 1jUl11 iI uhu :: : 1 ::i;: ;, I ;:i : ! I: : !!i ii , uI ,, : 2 .: TIUI : 1 1 J °1 1 1 J °Ji i:: II ltiii I L 31 3I4 f :J: I3I3: [ 3I3I3: 4134343434J34 .4..:.4 4.4 4 :4 4 3 31 131 2 31 31 3 31 31 3 u ii .iii. .i .t . IIIIlIIIItIuI.IT III ... iii I I I ...i _______ 2222 I rsturs F -i___ iii ?u!!d :_hl!. IIuI!II tI.!.1.I!.uI. 11111111 11111111 I!jIt!I 11.1 :. Lht 3333333333 . - flIt.lI.I. i-tui i. p_ ij.i.p ii. uuiti . . ... . 43434343434 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 33332333333 ! .! . .:4!. .-.! .:.:At. .I inn i i iji :. 11 .M .. .. I t 2 2 Itsilli PL i .i. Shut lII..I I.1.I 11111111 1111111 I. .! Water/S .dlm.ntQijajfty I 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 13 3 II .... . .. .Ii 11111.1 pIll. I. I III I II 1II .1 ITulI..IulJ t 2 2 2 2 21 3 2 2 ii 2 2 i_ : CE2 tIiuuH II ::: ::::::::I::::: :ii . I I 122 Turbidity 1 3 ::. 0 0 oo: ;1o o 0 o lio 1111.11 IIpflj ILL III I ti tII ul liii II ITII II hilt. . IlI . .I . . . liii ! ! :1 : : fl. ; :;:, : f I ;: A-37 ------- SUPPLEMENT 2. MATRIx H RESULTS The following section presents the result.s of the second matrix questionnaire (Matrix II) circulated among UEMWG representatives and their respective agencies. The purpose of this questionnaire was to build on Matrix I results, identifying the specific attributes that make a particular habitat function of high importance to assemblage species members. The top row lists assemblage species for a particular estuarine habitat, using the same code system used in Matrix I (see A-2 thru A 6 for key to codes). The left column lists the attributes Matrix U respondents listed for each habitat function. As in Matrix I, respondents were asked to rate the importance of attributes to assemblage species members using the following system: 0 no relationship 1 = relationship of low importance 2 = relationship of medium importance 3 = relationship of high importance 4 = significant relationship suspected, but no data available Many attributes were listed by more than one respondent, thus the results show several ranks for these attributes. Finally, it should be noted that for many physical habitat functions (i.e. salinity, temperature, bathymetric features, etc) no specific attribute (e.g. salinity or temperature range, types of bathymetric features) were listed. A n/a in the attribute column indicates this situation were no specific attribute was identified, yet a rank of the importance of the habitat function was reported. ------- MATRIX II RESULTS: EMERGENT MARSH I amcamg amw bth agckSCms cog can oft d gbhgdw g gwtk Ispm FeedungGeneral.SaiInIty n/a 3 3 3 FeedingGeneral,Camon n/a Feeding.General.Debitus n/a 4 Feeding General, Temperature n/a - - (contd) FeedingGeneral.Gravel lng In/a Feeding General.Ught daylength 4 t i L _ _ _ t _ t _ Feedng -Genera l,Sound human disturbance n/a .3 .3 -3 4 -1, 2, 1, 2,4 -3 2 -3 -3,-3 -3 -3 3 4 -3 - 4_ Feedng General,Water/Sedimentouairty sediment quality 1.___ I 2 2 Feeding General, Water/Sediment Ouai ity n/a 3 3 3 3 .3,3 .3,3 3 3 .33 3 3 3 3 Feeding General, Turbidity n/a 3,-2. -3,2, 2 -3 3 4 (corit d) Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic Annelida (unid) 4 4 4 4 4 4 3, 4 4 Biva lvia(unid.) Corbicula manllen&s Corophium saimonls 4 Corophium app. 4 4 4 4 4 4 Diptera (unid) Hobsonia florida opoda (unid) Manayunkia aestuarina 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 Neanthes hmnicola Nematoda (unid) 4 4 Oligochaeta (unid.) 1 Polychaeta (unid.) I Tanais spp Transennel latantilla 3 3 Feeding. Invertebrates, Epibenihic Anodonta app. . 4 4 4 Balanus app. 4 3 3 0 0 4 0. 3 0 4 0 3 0 0 0 Brachyrhyncha (unid) 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Calanoida (uriid.) 2 2 Cancer productus Chironomidae (unid.) 4 I Chironomidae larvae/pupae 2 3 Corbicula manilensis 4 4 4 Corophium salmonis 3 Corophium spinicome 3 3 Corophium spp. 2. 3, 2 4 1 B-2 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGENT MARSH E 2.. 2 L !L (conEd) Crangonspp 4 1 4_ 4 Cumella vulgaris Cyclopoida (unid) 2 2 Cyclopoida (urlid) Decapoda(unid) . 4 4 4 DipteraQarvae) 4_ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Diptera (unid) 3 3 4 EogammarusconfeMcolus 4_ 4 4_ 4 1,4 2 4 4_ 3 4_ 4 3 4 4 4_ Eogammarusspp Gammandea(unid) 4_ 4 4_ 2,3 2,3 Gastropoda(unud) 4 4_ 4 . 4_ . t_. t_. Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese Harpacticoida(unid) 12 2.3 Hemigrapsus spp Hemiptera (unid) 2 2 nsectaQa ae) flsecta(unid) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 Littoruna spp 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 Mytulusedulis 4 3_ 3 Q_ __ _ Q_ Q _ p q_ Q_ Neomysis mercedus 2, 2 2 2. 4 Nereudae(unid) 4 Orchestia traskiaria 3 4 Pacificastacus leniusculus Paramoera columbiana 1 Polychaeta (unud) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Saunderia spp 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 Feedi ng Invertebrates, Neustonuc Araneae (unud) 2 Churonomidae (unud) 3 3 3 Duptera (urnd) 2 2 Ephydridae (unid) 2 Heleudae (unud) 2 nsecta, terrestrial (unid) 4 4 4 n/a 2 3 Feed g Invertebrates, Pelagic Calanouda (unid) 2 4 Cladocera (unid) 4 Corycaeus S P 1 Daphnuaspp 3 Mysidacea(unid) n/a Feedun g Planis, Micro AJgae epiphytuc algae/animals 3 fulamerutous algae 4 . 3 Feeding Ptants,EmergentVascular Alnus rubra 3 bentgrass/aster 4 4 Carex lyngbeu 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 Carex lyngbeu (seeds) 4 ICarexspp 3 3 3 3 Deschampsia cespitosa 4 Distichius spp 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 6-3 ------- MATRIX ii RESULTS. EMERGENT MARSH amcamgamwblh bib cag cks cms cog can ctt dej gbh gdwgry gwt 3 kid Isp mid 3 Grundehaintogrifoha Grundehaspp. 4 4 Phalans arundinacea 3 . 4 Po lygonomspp. POlygOnumhydropiperoldes Potomogetonspp. 4 4 4 ScUpUS asUtis 4 Scurpusamericanus 4 4 3 4 Scirpusmaritimus 4 Scirpus app Scirpus vaiudus 3 4 4_ L L... Scirpus validus (seeds) Siumsuave 4 4 Spergularia marina 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Trigiochun marutimum 4 4 4 4 Trigiochin palustris 4 Typha spp 3 4 4 Feeding P lants,Mac roMpae Enteromorpha app. 4 3, 3 4 2. 4 4 4 4 3. 4 4 4 4 t.Jlva app 4 3,3, 4 2. 3 4 4 4 3, 4 4 4 (con td) 4 Feeding: Plants, Submergent Vascular Ruppia marltuma 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 Zostera japonica 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 Zostera marina 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 Zostera app. 3 3 2 Feeding. Vertebrates, Demersal Cottus 4 Gasterosteus acuieatus 3 Leptocottus armatus 4 4 1, 4 3, 3 Lumpenus sagitta 4 Microgadus proxumus 4 Platuchthys steliatus 4 4 3 Feeding. Vertebrates, Terrestrtai JAves (unid) Oiahdrae (unit) Microtus spp 2, 3 Microtus townSendil datra zibethicus Peromyscus mariuculatus Sorex benduni Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Colum n Aliosmerus elongatus 4 4 Cyrnatogaster aggregate 4 4 4 3 4 Erugraulus mordax 4 4 Gasterosteus aculeatus 3 Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry) 4 4 3 4 4 Oncorhynchus kate (try) 4 4 2. 3 4 4 Oncorhynchus app (fry) 3 Teieostep (unld.) 4 1 4 I Thaletchthys paciticus 4 4 I 8-4 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGENT MARSH n /a amc amg amw bfh bib cag cks cms cog csn ctt dej gbh gdw gry gwt kid Isp mid Refu 0/Physiology Biological Corn plexi ,Eme nt Vasc . Plants Carexspp 3 3 loose soil nparuanbuffer 4 Scirpusspp 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 Typhaspp 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 n/a 4 2 2 Age/Physiology- Biological Corn In/a - plexi Su - bmerp - - ent Vasc Plants 2 2 - - - - - Refuge/Physiology Generai, Light 4 -L4 jn/a 4 4 .14 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Refuge/Physiology: General, Soun d -2,-i, -3-3 n/a 4 -3 3 -2,-i. 4 -3 4 4 3 -2 (contd) Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Seth merit Qualdy sediment quality 1 1 3 3 Ifl/8 3 3 3 3 33 33 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 Refu ne/Physiology General,Turbithty n/a -3-3, -3,-3,- 2 -3 .3 (cont d) 2 Ref u ge/Physiology Physical Comp lexrty Bath yrnetn c Feat ures area of refuge 3 3 2 2 3 3 slope 2 2 n /a 3 4 3 3 3 3,3, 3,3, 3 3,3 3 4 3,4 4 4 4 (contd) 3 3 Refu g e/Physiology Physical Comp exdy, Hon zontat Edges n/a 3 4 (J 2,2 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 Ref u g e/Physiology Physical Comp exny, Verb cal Re ief Pucea sutchensis 4 Sahxspp 4 4 4 4 n/a 4 4 3 4 3 4 3,4 3 2 3 3 3 Reproduction Elevation, Intertidal n/a 3 Reproduction Elevation, Ripanan In/a 3 3 3,4 3 3 23,3 3 3 3 3,3 3.3 3,3 4 3,3 Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal In/a Reproduction General, Light In/a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Reproduclion:Genera l,Sound In/a 4 -3 -2 .3 4 -3.-3 -3 -3 -3-2 Repr od ucton. Genera], Water/Sedu merit Qua] !nia Reproduction: General, Turbidity In/a Reproduction. Substrate, Emergent Vasc. Plants Carex lyngbei Scirpus arnerucartus Typha latulolua Typhaspp 3 3 3 3 3 3 eproduct,on Substrate, Macto Algae Algae (unud) I 8-5 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGENT MARSH arnc amg ; - ;;- ;;; c; & n/a Reproduction Substrate, Rpanan Ve abon Picea sitchensis 3 2 Populustrichocarpa Pseudotsuga menziesu In/a 3 3 2 Re oduction Substrate. Sediment boulder/cobble grain size apx 1.00 urn. gravel 2 2 mud 2 2 sand 2 2 sandy shallows B-6 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGENT MARSH mln Salinity mn nor osp phs prs pss rcc rth rvo rwb ab C seo sgs sps svs tss tsv wgr wsp = 4 - - - - - - .3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 - 3 disturbance -3 3 4 3 .3 -3 -3 -3 - - General,Water/SedumentQua ity Water/Sediment Qua ity 3 4 4 4 3 Turbidity 3 4 Benthic ) 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 ) 2 manilensis 3 salmonis 4 4 4 4 4 4 app ) 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 aestuarina 1 4 limnicola 3 (unid) 4 4 4 4 4 3 (unid) (unid) 1 tantilla 3 3 Epibenthic 3 6 (unid) o 3 (unid) larvae/pupae 2 2 3 manilensis 4 4 4 salmonis 3 3 3 spinicorne 3 3 B-i ------- MATRIX II RESULTS: EMERGENT MARSH mm mrt nor asp phs prs pss rcc rth rvo rwb sbd seo sgs sps svs tss tsv wgr wSp 3 3.. 4_ . 2_ 3 2_ 3 4_ 4 4 I 3_ 4 4_ 4_ Q.L. 3_ 2_ 2 ( norumosphaeromaoregone , 3 2_ 1_ mercedis 2.3 2, 4 1 4 traskiana 4 3 4 leniusculus 3 columbiana (unid.) 4 4 4 2, Neustonic (unid) ) (unid) (unid) Pelagic (unid.) 3 ) 3 (unld) 2 3 3 Micro Ngae algae/animals algae I Emergent Vascular 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 (seeds) 3 4 3 cespitosa 4 4 4 3 8 -8 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS: EMERGENT MARSH Eleocharusspp mm mrt nor osp phs prs pss - rcc rth rvo rwb abC seo sgs sps svs tss tsv wgr wsp Grindelialntegrifolia 2 Grindelia app 4 3 4 Juncus app 4 4 Phalaris arundirtacea 3 4 4 4 4 Polygonomspp Polygonumhydropiperoides Potomogeton spp Salicornia spp 2 Scirpusacut ls Scurpus mantimus 3 2 Scirpus validus Scirpus validus (seeds) 3 4 Siumsuave 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 Spergularia manna 4 4 4 3 Triglochin maritumum 4 4 Triglochun palustris Typhaspp 3 4 4 3 4 4 Feeding Plants,Mac roAigae Enteromorpha spp 4 4 Umva app (contd) Feeding Plants, Submergent Vascu lar Ruppia maritime Zostera japonuca Zostera marina - Zostera app Feeding Vertebrates, Demersal Cottusspp 4 3 3 Gasierosteus aculeatus 4 Leptocottus armatus 4 Lumpenussagutta 4 4 Mucrogadus proxumus 4 4 Platichthys stellatus 4 3 3 4 Feeding Vertebrates, Terrestrial Ayes (unud) 3 3 Chalidrae (unud.) 3 4 3 Microtus app Mucrotus townsendiu 3 Ondatra zubethucus 3 Peremyscus maniculatus 3 Sorex bendiru 3 Feeding Vertebrates, Water Colum n Allosmerus elongatus 4 4 Cymatogaster aggregata 4 Engraulus mordax 4 3 4 Gaslerosteus aculeatus Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry) 3 Oncomynchus kate (fry) 3 Oncorhynchus app (fry) Teleostel (unud.) 3 3 4 Thaleuchthys pacufucus 4 3 4 B-a ------- MATRIX II RESULTS: EMERGENT MARSH mm mn nor osp pha prs pee rcc rth rvo rwb sbd seo age SPS eve tSS tSv wgr wSp 3. Biological Comp xItvJm ent Vasc. Rants 3 3 3 3 .._. 4_ 4 4 3 4 Biological Con xlt ubmergent 4 Vase. 4_ 4 - - Plants 3 4 4 4 t . t. t t L - General. Sound 3 c : L 4 General, WaterL diment QuaJ it yGenerai ,Turb id f j_ Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features 4 3 4 4 4 Physical ComplexdyMorIz tal Edges J4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2.2 4 4 Physical Complexity. Vertical Re liel 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 0 3 3 3 3. Devaton, bflerbdal 4 4 Devation, l parian 3 3 3 3,3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 Elevation, Subtidai 3 General, Lighi 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 General, Sound -3 4 4 4 .3 .3 4 4 General, Water/Sediment Oual r y 3 3 j General, Turbidity 4 Substrato, Emergent Vasc. Plants 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 americanus 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 . 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 Substrate, Macro PJgae f 3 B-b ------- MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGE WI MARSH mm mn nor osp phs prs psa rcc nih rvo rwb sbd seo sgs sps svs tss isv wgr wsp 4 3 Substrate.Rpanan V jeta lion menztesii 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 1.00 urn 2 3 B.11 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS: MUDFLAT b g ! 9 bh r 2- - L - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 -2 4 4 -3 -3 4 t. - _ _ t . t. t Watef/Sediment Qual ty 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 _ t _ t _ - 4 4 4 L _ _ t 4 IL.... Q...... t__ . t__ _. t..... _ L_ 2 calufomlensis 3 maruutensls 3 salmonis 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3.4 4_ 4_ 4 4 (unid) 3 3 3 1 (unid) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 (unud) 2. 2 1, 2 2 2 manulensis 4 4 4 4 4 4 salmonus 3 spp 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 confervucolus 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 app. 3 3 washingtonuus 4 4 4 - 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 (unid.) 2.3 2 2 (urnd) i (unid.) 3 3 uniremis 3 app. 3 3 (unud.) 3 3 (unud.) pugettensis 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 leniusculus 4 4 4 4 4 4 calufornuensis 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 calufornuensis 3 3 3 1,3 3 3 Neustoruc 4 4 B-12 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS MUDFLAT I L 2 L Feeding hwertebrates,Pelagic Callianassacahforn (larvae) 3 Upogebia pugettensis (larvae ) 3 Feeding Ptants,MaeroPjgae 4 4 4 In/a 4 ing -Ve ebratesDemersaJ 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 3 3 3 Lepidogobiuslepidus Leptocottus arrnatus 2 3 3 Platichthysstellalus 4 4 33 euroni ys vetulus 4 4_ Feedng:Verteb i ates ,Terrestnaj Aves(unid) 4 4 4 Feeding Veftebrates,WaterColumn Engraulismordax 4_ 4 4 _.. Gasterosteus aculeatus 2 Oncorhynchus spp (fry) 3 4 4 4 Refuge/PhysiologyGenera l,Salinity In/a Retu 9 e/PhysiologyGenera l,Ljght In/a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Refuge/Physiology General, Soun d In/a 1-3 . L - L Refuge/PhysIology General, Water/Sediment Quality L fn/a 13 [ 13 3_ Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity Bathymetric Feature callianassid burrows 3 dendrltic channels 3 3 3 3 3 n/a 3 3 4 3.4 3,4 4 4 Refu e/PhysioIogy- Physical Complexity, Honzontai In/a J4 14 e s 4 4 4 4 2,4 3,4 4 4 3 1 4 4 2,4 4 Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Re lief shell hasP, 3 n/a 3 4 3 3 3 3 3,3, 3 3 3 3 1,3 4 3 3 contd 4 Reproduction. Elevation, Rpanan n/a 3 3,3 Reproduction. Elevation, Subbdai In/a 2,3 1.3 2,3 Reproduction General, Salinity n/a 3 -3 Reproduction General, Temperature In/a . 3 -3 ReproductionS General, Light n/a 4 4 Reproduction. General, Sound In/a - 3,-3 .3 :RePrOduCtiOfl Substrate, Rpanan Vegetation In/a I I 3 3 4. B-13 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS SIANOFLAT L 22 E L L E! - Temperature light 4 4 4 4 4 4 Water/Sediment QuaJ , 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Turbidity 3 -3 4 4 -3 4 - Benthic nutafli 2 app. 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4_ 4 4_ t -_ _ 4_ 4_ (unid) (unid) 1,2 1.1 3 Epibenthic 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 app. 4 4 4 4 4 4 3, 4 3, 4 4 4 4 3, 3, 3, 4 4 4 3 3 confervicolus 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 (unld) 3 mercedis 1 pugeuensis 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 spp. 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 Neustonic 4 3 Demersai app. 3 4 4 3 4 4 armatus 3 3, 3 3 stellatus 4 4 3 4 4 Water Column mordax 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 j Biological Complex ,Sub rne p ent Vasc Plants wave actIon 4 4 4 4 General, Light 4 4 4 4 4 4 i 4 ___ General, Sound I 4 -3 -3 -3 -3 4 .3 . General, Water/Sediment Quality I I 3 13 3 3 3 3 Ph ,iIcaJ Complexity, Bath ietnc Features B-14 ------- MATRIX I I RESULTS: SANDFLAT eke can d dne gbh hj l ped psi pss ads spa sad dendritie channels 3 depressions, pψols 3 2 shallow depressions tidepools 3 3 3 n/a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges in/a - Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Veitcai Relief shell hash 3 n/a 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 Refuge/Physiology Physical Camp lexity Wate r Movement n/a 4 4 4 Reproducton Bevabon, Rparsan (n/a 3,3,4 4 Reproduction General, Sound (n/a 3 Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality (n/a I I Reproduction Substrate, Riparuan Vegetation In/a I I 3 8-15 ------- MATRIX Ii RESULTS: GRAVEL/COBBLE - !!- ?- !- - L E E 2 - - - - 4 4 3 3 ,3 3 - Water/Sediment Quality 3 .3 .3 -3, 3 -3, 3 .3 .3 .3 .3 -3 maniIens s 3 app 4 4 4 4 excentricus 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 (unid) 3 2 2 Epibenthic (unud) 4 4 4 4 4 3. 4 4 3 pugettens s 3 3 1 (unid.) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 manilensis 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Spp. 3. 3 3 4 4 2,3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 1 3 4 2 app. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 (unid) 3 2, 3 3 3 oregonese 2 1_ (unid.) spp. 2 app (unid.) 3 (unid.) I 3 mercedls 3 leniusculus 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 (unid.) 2 3 3 3 2,3 3 8-16 ------- MATRIX I I RESULTS GRAVEL/COBBLE C dcc gra p mwg pa p Neustonuc terrestrial (unud) 1 Neuslonuc bivertebratesPelaguc (unid) hexapterus harengus pallasu (egg 2 4 s) 3,3 3 3 1.2,3 2 1.2 2,2 4 4 3 - ) aculeatus 3 3 4 3 4 3 steltatus Terrestrial 4 3 4 Water Column hexapterus 2 2 2 aggregata 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 aculeatus 3 3 . spp (try) 4 1, 3 3 4 4 3.4 4 caurunus 3 3 paciticus 4 4 3 4 4 4 Water Column 2 Biological Corn plexfty , Ma o PJ 9 ae 2 2 3 Biological Corn pyrifera plainly Sub merqe nlV asc. Plants 3 3 e/PhysJology -.GeneraJ,$aJunltv _ 2 3 3 3 General, Temperature 3,3 33 3 General, Light 14 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 G neral, Sound I 3,4 -3,4 4 General, Water/Sedum 13 General, Turbidity I ent Ouality 3,4 -2,3 3,4 3 4 3 4 3 B-l i ------- MATRIX I I RESULTS: GRAVEL/COBBLE I ibm Ibfs Ibib Iblt lens cog cpr en dcc dv i gre hgb Isp mwg pan pip psc ptc rcc Refuge/Physiology Phys4cal Complexity, Bath ethc Features L3 In/a 14 13 I I 12,3,3 Reluge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Honzontai Edges 3 L3 1,4 Q. _ 3 4 3 In/a I I I I 12,3,4 RefUΨe/PhYSloIo9 PhYalcal Complexity. Veit & Relief k/a 14 I I I 1,4 L R efu e/PhysiologyPhysicaICompIexlty ,WaterMovernent 1<40cm/sac 3 Reproducton. Elevation, btteilidal +7ftto+ lift n/a 3 Reproduction: Elevation, Subtldal In/a 3 3 2 2 ReProdu cti oflGeneral,Saiufli t y I freshwater seepage Reproduction: Substrate. Macro Algae In/a ReprOduc liOnSubstrate,Sedjment 1-7 mm diameter n/a - 3 8-18 ------- MATRIX ii RESULTS. GRAVEL/COBBLE Feeding. Generai, Sallntty In/a Feeding Generai,Deffitus In/a Feeding General, Temperature 33 - n/a - - - - - - Feeding General, Light 4 (n/a Feeding. Generai, Sound In/a 4 Feeding. General, Water/Sedimeni In/a Quality 3 3 3 3 3 3 - Feeding General, Turbidity 30-60 NTU n/a Feeding venebrates, Benihic 3 -3 Bivalvia (unid) Corbicula manilensis Corophium spp, 4 4_ Dendraster excentricus Mya arenaria t.._. Nucella app Polychaeta (unid.) Teliina nuculoides n/a 3 Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic Arnphipoda (unid) - L... ._. Ampithoe app 2 Anisogammarus pugetlensis Ba lanusspp 3 Cancer magister Cancerspp Copepoda (unid) 4 3 4 Corbicula manilensis 4 4 Corophium app. 3. 3 Crangonspp 3 4 Cumella vulgaris 2 ogammarus app 4 3 4 usiroides app. 2 Gammaridea (unid) 3 3 Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese_ I Harpacticoida(unid.) 3 Hemigrapsus app Heptacarpus 1 3 Hippolytidae (unid) 2 Mysidacea (unid.) I Mytiius edulis Neomysis mercedia Pacificastacus leniusculus 4 Pugettia gracilis 2 Tanaidacea (unid.) I n/a 3 2.3 B-i 9 ------- MAT X II RESULTS: GPAVEL/COBBI .E I rcr iL 8 . L Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic Insects, terrestrial (unid) Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic In/a Feeding: invertebrates, Pelagic Calanoida (unid) 3 DecapodaQarvae) Euphauslacea (unid.) 2 Hypenidea (unid.) Mysidacea (unud.) n/a 4 Feeding: Plants, Macro Algae Ulvaspp. n/a Feed ng- Vertebrates, Demersal Animodyles hexapterus 4_ , A_podichthys flavudus s) Clupea harengus pallasi (egg Cotiidae (unid.) 3.4 Gasterosteus aculeatus 4 4 Phobs laeta Platichthys stellatus Feedung Vertebrates, Terrestrial Feeding- Vertebrates. Water Colum n Ammodytes hexapterus Clupea harengus pal lasi 4 3 Cymatogaster aggregate 4 3 Gasterosteus aculeatus Oncorhynchus spp (fry) 4 4 Sebasles caurunus Thaleichthys pacificus 4 3, 3 Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column n/a J Refuge/Physiology: Biological Complexity, Ma 3 cro Algae Lam maria spp 3 Utvaspp. 3 3 n/a 2 Refuge/Physiology-. Biological Corn plexmty, Submerpent Vasc. Plants Macrocystis pyrifera Zostera SPP. 2 0/Physiology: General, Salinity mesohaline polyhahne n/a 3 Refuge/Physiology General, Temperatur e In/a -3 Refuge/Physiology- General, Ughi In/a 4 4 Refuge/Physiology: General. Sound In/a I u e/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality n/a I 1 -3,3 4 3 Refuge/Physiology- General, Turbidity In/a I 3.4 B-20 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS GRAVEL/COBBLE (rcr Irks IM Irvo lets sps Sn w wsg Re/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bath etnc Features (n/a 14 (3 I I (3 4 - Refuge/Physiology PhysiCal Complexity, Horizontal Edges In/a (4 I I I j Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Vertical Relief j - n/a I (3 I I .L....... _ ! Ref u e/Physlology Physical Compl , Water Movement (<40cm/sec Reproduction Bevatlon, Intertidal +lftto+llft 3 n/a Reproducton Bevation, Subtidal In/a 3 Reproduction. General, Salinity (freshwater seepage Reproduction Substrate, Macro Algae (n/a I Reproductjon Substrate, Sediment 1-7 mm diameter 3 n/a 3. B-21 ------- MATRIX U RESULTS: EELGRASS bi!L EL C 59 Cfl 9bh gwQ p Isp o p p Salinity 4_ t _ d - Camon - - - Detritus 23 3 4 Temperature . i 4_ Graveling 3 Ught 4 4 4 -2 t t Sound -3 -3 -2 .3 -3 Water/Sediment Quality 33 3 Z3 3 3 Turbidity 3 3 4 .2,3 4 3 3 3 1 2 calitorniensis 3 (unid) Q. . 4 spp. 4 4 4 californica 3 benthic (unid) 4 4 4 4 4 3 . 3 (unid.) 3 Epibenthic macropsis I ) 4 4 3 4 3 (unid) 2 4 2 4 4 3 laeviuscula 3 (uri ,d.) spp (males) 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2, 2 2 (unid) 2 (unid.) 2 contervicotus 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 spp. 3 (wiid) 2, 3 3 2 (unid.) 2. 3 2 spinulosus spp. 3 3 uniremis 3 nudis (unid.) spp 3 kennerlyl 1 (unid.) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 B-fl ------- MATRIX I I RESULTS EELGRASS bpl C cms g can dnc gbh q gwg kpp l Isp osp pah o rostrata arthuri 4_ .. 4____ 3 Neustonic discandatus Emergent Vascular 1__ -3 4 3 4 4 Submergent Vascular 3 3 2 2 Demersal pallasu (eggs)__ 3 arrnatus 3 3, 3, 4 4 4 4 4 sagltta 3 slellatus 3 notatus 3 melanostuctus 3 benthic (unid) 3. 4 3 4 4 3 Terrestrial Water Column pallasu 3 2, 4 4 2 4 3 aggregate (unid) 3 3 app (try) 4 4 4 3 1 pacificus 3 4 4 3 3 3 8 ologlc& Complexity, Emergent Vasc. Plants C C C C C C C oIogicaJ Complexity, Macro PJgae algae/animals 3 2 2 3 4 Biological Comolex Submergent Vasc. Plants 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 General, Salinity I 2,3,4 -3 8-23 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS EELGRASS (bfh Ibib bpf cag ems erg csn dnc gbh gry gwg kpp Igc Isp osp pah phs General, Temperature I General, Sound 3 14 t ± ti t t t . t± General, Water/Sediment Quality 13 3 3 General. .3,2 3 3 1 I Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features 13 I I I - 3 4 3__ Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges 14 14 I 14 3.4 4 4 3 Physlcai Complexity, Verb cal ReI et (4 13 I 13 3 3 Physical CompIe , Water Movement 1,4 Rpanan 4 3 1 2 Water/Sediment Quality I Macro igae I Rparian Vegetation I I 3 3 3 B-24 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS EELGRASS I Feeding General, SalinIty EL E In/a 4 j t Feeding General, Carrion In/a Feeding General, Detritus In/a Feeding General, Temperature In/a Feeding General, Graveling In/a Feeding General, Light In/a 4 Feeding General, Sound In/a Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality n/a Feeding. General, Turbidity n/a Feeding bivertebrates, Benthic Bivalvia (unud) 2 Callianassa californiensis Capitellidae (unid) Corophium app 3 4 4 Cryptomya californica Invertebrates, benthic (unud) 4 4 4 Macoma app Mya arenarla 2 Polycheeta (unid) Telhna app n/a 2 Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic AiienacantPtomysis macropsis 2 Aoroides inermus 1 1 1 Bivalvia (unid.) 4 4 Calanoida (unid.) Cancer magister 4 4 Caprella laevluscula 3 Capreibdea (unld.) Corophium app (males) 3 Crangon app. 4 4 4 Cumella vulgans 2 2 Cyclopoida (unid) Decapoda (unid) Eogammarus confervicolus 4 4 2 4 Eogammarus app 3 Gammaridea (unid) 3 3 1 3. 3 Harpactucoida (unid.) Harpacticus spunulosus 2 1 2 Harpacticus app 1 Harpacticus uniremls 1 Hemigrapsus nudis 2 Hippolytidae (unid.) 2 2_ (schyrocerus app 3 2 1 Metacaprella kennerlyl 1 Mys dacea (unid) 4_ 3 4 4 4 8.25 ------- MATRIX U RESlil TS EELGPAS$ S Pψntogenela rostrata 2 Scutellidium arthurl 1 Tanaldacea (unld) 3 4 Tisbe app. 1 3 1 3_ Zausspp. 1 1_ I n/a L2, 3 1 3 23 3 Feeding: bivertebrates, Neustonie Feeding: hweitebrates, Pelagic Aetidius app. i Corycaeus anglicus 3_ Decapoda arvae) 3 Paracalanus app. 2 Tortanus discandatus 1 n/a 2 Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular Spartinaspp n/a Feeding Plants, Macro AJgao LJfvaspp n/a Feeding: Plants, Submergent Vascular Zostera japonica Zostera marina Zostera app. ng Vertebrates, Demersal Clupea harengus pallasi (eggs _ L.eptocottus armatus 4 contd L.umpenus sagutta Platichthys stellatus Porichthys notatus Psettuchthys melanostictus Teleostei, benthuc (unid) 4 Vertebrates, Terrestrial Ayes (unid) Vertebrates, Water Colum n Clupea harengus pallasi I Cymatogaster aggregate Embiotocidae (unid.) Oncorhynchus spp. (fry) Thaleuchthys paclflcus Refuge/Physiology Biological Corn n/a plexity, Emergent j Vasc Plants 3 e/Physiology Biological Corn plexity. MacroAJg as epiphytuc algae/animals 2 IjIva app 3 2 Refuge/Physiology Biological Complexity , Submergent V asc Plants substrate/gravel . Zostera spp 3 3 3 n/a Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity In/a I .3 3 B26 ------- MATRIX Ii RESULTS EELGRASS I Irvo shp 5 E a Refuge/Physlology General, Temperature n/a I Rfuge/Physiology General. Sound In/a 3 4 Refu e/Physlology- General, Water/Sedi n/a I ment Quaf Refu e/PhysioIog General, Turbidity In/a I Rfugef ys siogy Physlcai Complexity, Bathysietric Features In/a I I I I 14 Ruge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges In/a I I I I RgefPhysiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief In/a I I 13 I 3 Ref ugef Physiology Physical Compl y. Waler Mo iement In/a Reproduction Elevation, Rpanan Infa 4 Reproduction General, Salinity In/a ReproductIon General, Water/Sediment Oua In/a I Reproduction Substrate, Mauo Algae n/a I 3 Reproductiorr Substrate, Rpanan Vegetation n/a I I 6-27 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS: NEARSHORE SUBTIDAL SOFT BOTTOM I E- E Feeding General. Salinity mesohaline n/a -3 -3 -3 -3 .3 .3 Feeding: General, Water/Sediment jalu In/a l n g:Ge .Tu d 3 3 3 3 -3 3 3 3 . 3 In/a .33 .33 3 -3 .33 Feeding hivertebrates, Benthic 2 Call assa califomiensis Oinocardium nutalll 2 Orchomene minute 2 Photis lacia 2 Polychaeta (unid) 3__ Protomedeia penates Veneropsis japonica 3 3 Feed ng Invertebrates, Epibenthic - Cancer spp 1 Crangon spp. Gammaridea (unid) 3 3 Hemigrapsus 2 Mysidacea (unid.) 3 2_ Neomysis mercedis 3 3 n/a 1 2 1,2,3 2,3 3 1,2,3 Feed ng: Invertebrates, Pelagic Calanoida (unid) 2 Decapoda (larvae) 3 2 Euphauslacea (unld.) 2 n/a 2 Feeding: Vertebrates, Demereal Ammodytes hexapterus Leptocottus armatus Microgadus proximus Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column lupea harengus pallasi 3 3,3 3,3 Thaleichthys pacificus 3 ge/Physiology: Biological Complexity, Macro Jgae In/a I 13 ( Re/Physiology: Biological CompIexft eeVascPtants ge/Physiology: General, Salinity j In/a I 1 Re/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quaidy n/a I 3 3 3 -3.3 -3,3 3 3 3 .33 Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity In/a I 3 3 3 8-28 ------- MATRIX Ii RESULTS. NEARSHORE SUBTIDAL SOFT BOTTOM I Icmr Icos (dnc Idvs Igrw Reluge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Nonzontai Edges In /a I I I i I h isa mwf nos pac ptc rsc rtf stp wep Refuge/Physiology- Physical Complexity Vertical Relief n/a .1 Reproduction Elevation, Sublidaf n/a 3,3 Re production: Elevation, Subtidal n/a 3 Reproduction: General, SaJinity In/a 3 3 3 Reproduction. Substrate, Sedumen mud i B-29 ------- MATRIX I I RESULTS: NEARSHORE SUBT DAJ,. HARD BOTTOM I bJL EL L L Feedung Invertebrates, Benthic ITransennellatantdla Feeding. Invertebrates, Eplbenthic Balanus crenatus 3 Balanus glandulα 3 Euaiusspp 3 3 3 3 3 Gammaridea (unid) 3__ Heptacarpus app. 3 3 3 3 3 Lebbeusspp 3 3 3 3 3 Pandalus danae 3 Spirontocaris app. 3 3 3 3 3 Feedi ng: Invertebrates, Pelagic Calanoida (unid) 3 3 Cancer app (zoea) 3 3 3 Vertebrates, Water Column Arnmodytes hexapterus 3 Clupea harerigus pallasi Phanerodon furcatus 3 B-30 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS WATER COLUMN bfh chs cks cms cog corn csa dcc gdw Ifs mwg noa osp pah phk phs psa p rbm Feedin9Generai ,Delrftus n/a Feeding: General, Temperature w n/a 3 ,3.Z3, 3. 3 (contd) FeedingGenerai,Ught 33 In/a Feeding Generai,Sound t n/a 4_ t t t - 4 Feeding: General, Water/Sediment In/a Feeding.General,Turbidity QuaJ 3 rty - - low n/a FeedIng b1vertebrates,Epibenthic 4 3 -2 3 . 3 2 L - 3 ! Calanoida(un ld) 2 2 2 Corophium app 3 3 3 Crangon franciscorum 2 Eogammarusspp Gammaridea(unid) 3 3 3 Harpacticoida (unid) 3 Cancer spp (larvae) 2 3 Cancer app (larvae) Epilabidocera amphltntes 3 Epilabidoceraspp Insecta (drift) 3 Insectaterrestria l(unld.) 2_ 3 Scoloidea (unid.) rig Invertebrates, Neustonic n/a 2 1 FeedingS Invertebrates, Pelagic Acartia calilorniens,s 4 3 4 Acartia clausi 3 3. 3 3 3,3 3 Calanolda (unid) 2 3 3 3 3 Ca lluanassacalifom.Qarvae) i_i __ 1___. I Cancer app. (megalops) 3 Copepoda (unld.) 3 3 4 3 Corycaeus anghcus 2 2 2 Corycaeus app. 3 Daphnia 3. 3 2 2 Decapoda(larvae) 3 2.2 3 1 Euphausia paclfica 3 2 3 3 Euphausiacea (unid.) 3 2, 2, 2, 2. 3 2 2, 3 (contd) 3 Eurytemora aftinis 3 4 3 4 Hyperiidea (unid) 3 3 1 2 1 Insecta (larvae) i 2, 3 2 3, 3 Lohgo opalescens 3 Mysidacea (unld) 2 3. 3 4 3. 3 Natantia (unid) 3 Octopus app Olkopleura app 2 2 O thona similis . 3 B-31 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS WATER COLUMN Parathemusto pacifuca chs 1 cks cms 2 cog corn a dcc s m 9 noa osp pah phk phs psa 2_ al m Pseudocalanus mlnulus 3 Pseudocalanusspp. 3 3,3 3 3 2 L3 23 Feedng:Vertebrates .Demersal 3 3 3 Leptocottus armatus Microgadusproximus 2.3 Platichthysstellatus Pleuronectidea (unid.) Porichthys notatus Teleostei,benthic(unud) 4 4 3 3 4 t_ Theragra chalcogramma ng: Vertebrates. Water Column Ailosmerus elongatus ..._.. Ammodytes hexapterus 1.3. 1, 2. 3 3 (contd) 3 lupea harengus paIIas 4 2, 3, 2. 3, 1 4 3 4 4 4 4 2, 4 3 4 (contd) 4 4 Ccttudae (unid) C T atogaster aggregate 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 Engraulis morda c 3 2. 3. 3 Gasterosteus aculeatus 3 3 Gonatudae (unid.) Hypomesus pretiosus 3 Lampetra trldentatus 2 I codopsis pacifica j MaUotus villosus Mertuccius productus 3 Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry 3 3 Oncorhynchus keta (fry) 3 3 Oncorhynchus spp 1 Oncorhynchus app (fry) 4 4 4 4 3, 3 4 4 4 4 3 arophyrs vetulus 2 Scorpaenudae (unid.) Sebastes app. lrinchus thaleichthys 3 2 eleosteu (larvae) 3 Thaleuchthys pacificus 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 Thaieuchthys pacthcus n/a 2 2 2 Reluge/ Physiology Biological Corn plext ,Emergent Vasc Plants Phrapmltes app. Scirpusspp. Typhaspp. Reluge/ Physiology General, Salintty In/a .2 -2 .2 -2 -2 -2 Refuge/Physiology General, Temperatur e In/a -3, 3 -3, 3 .3, 3 .3 3 Reluqe/Physiology General, Ught . <2-13 2 2 n/a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8-32 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS: WATER COLUMN I Ibfh chs cks cms cog corn csa dcc gdw Us mwg noa cap pah phk phs psa p rbm Refuge/Physiology- General, Sound n/a 14 4 4 4 4 4 Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Ouality In/a 13 3 3 - 3 3 Refuge/PhysIology General, Turbidity In/a I Ref uqe/Physlology. Physical Complexrty, Bathrnetrlc Features fn/a I I i Refuge/Physiology Physical Complezrty. Honzontal Edges In/a I I I I Rge/Physiology: Physical Complexrty. Vertical Relief In/a I I i Refuge Physiology. PhysicalComplexity, Water Movement n/a ReprOductjon ,Bevatjon,lntertjdap n/a Reproduction Elevation Rpanan In/a Reproduction Elevation, Subtidal n/a Reproduction General, SaJinrry polyhaline 3 n/a 2 Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quahty tn/a Reproduction Substrate, Emergent Vasc Plants Distichlisspp Scirpus app Ilyphaspp Reproduction Substrate, Macro Alp ae Ulva spp 3 Zostera marina 3 Zostera app n/a 4 Reproduction. Substrate, Rpanan Vegetation - n/a [ 3 3 - oduction:Substrate,Sedirnent gravel Zostera manna 3 33 ------- MATRIX II RESULTS: WATER COLUMN r Feeding General, Detritus In/a Feeding: General, Temperature n/a (cont d) Feeding: General, Ught n/a 4 4 4 Feeding. General, Sound fn/a 4 Feeding: General, Water/Sediment In/a Quality .33 3 3 Feeding: General, Turbidity lOw Ja Feed rig: Invertebrates, Epibenthic -3-2 4 .3 Calanoida (unid) Cancer magister Corophium pp Crangon franciscorum Decapoda (unid) Eogarnmarus spp. Gammaridea (unid) 1 -larpacticoida (unid) Cancer spp. (larvae) Cancer app (larvae) Epilabudocera amphutrutes Epilabidocera spp. Insecta (drift) Insecta. terrestrial (unid) Scoloidea(unid) Feed,ng Invertebrates, Neustonic 2 [ n/a 2 eedinq: Invertebrates, Pelagic Acartia califomiensis Acartia clausi 3 3 Calanoida (unid) 3 1.__ Callianassa californ (larvae) 1,3 Cancer app. (megalops) Copepoda (unid) Corycaeus anglicus Corycaeus app. 3 Daphnua app DecapodaQarvae) 2 2,3 uphausia pacifica 2 Euphausiacea (unid.) 3 (contd) Eurytemora affinis 3 Hyperiidea(unid.) nsecta (larvae) 2 1 Loligo opalescens Mysidacea (unid) Natantia (unid) 3 Octopusspp 2 Oukopleura spp 2 Oithona similis 8-34 ------- MATRIX U RESULTS. WATER COLUMN Parathemisto pacifica M s s shi ssc ssl tss wbl wgr Pseu ocaIanus minutus Pseudocalanus spp n /a 3 3 Feed ng Vertebrates, Demersai Cottidae (unid) 3 3, 3 Gadus maci-ocephalus Leptocottus ari-natus Lumpenus sagitta Microgadus proximus Platichthysstellatus Pleuronectidea (unid.) Porichthys notatus Teleostei, benthic (unid.) 4 Theragra chatcogramma Feeding Vertebrates, Water Colum n AJiosmerus etongatus 1 knmodytes hexapterus 1_ 3 (contd) 1upea harengus pailasi 3,4 3.4 2,4 3 3.3 contd) Cottidae (unid) Cyrnatogaster aggregate 4 4 4 4 3. 4 Engraubs morda.x Gasterosteus aculeatus Gonatidae (unid.) 3 Hypomesus pretiosus Lampetra tridentatus Lycodopsis pacifica 2 Mailotus viliosus Merluccius productus Oncorhynchus gorbusoha (fry) 3 Oncorhynchus keta (fry) Oncorhynchus spp 2,4 Oncorhynchus spp (fry) 4 4 4 Parophyrs vetulus Scorpaenidae (unid) Sebastes spp. 3 Spirinchus thaieichthys Teleosiep Oarvae) Thaieichthys paclficus 4 4 4 4 Thaielchthys pacificus n/a R1uge/Phy ology Biotoglcai Corn plexily , Erne rgen Vasc Plants Phragmites app 3 Scirpus app 3 Typhaspp. Refuge/PhysioIogy Generai, SaJin ty 3 In/a j uge/PhysloIogy Generai. Tempe rehire In/a a3 Refuge/Phy&oIogy Generai, Light <2-13 n/a 4 4 4 8-35 ------- MATRIX It RESULTS WATER COLUMN I Irv isis sM Jssc sal tas w wgr Refuge/Physlology General, Sound In/a I L__... 4 I_ L Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Seth In/a I ment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity - In/a Ree/Pt ysaoIogy: Physical Complexity, Bathyiiletrlc Features In/a I I I I Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges In/a I I I I I_ Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Verttcai Relief L In/a I I I I J - RgefPhyslology: Physicai Complexity, Water Movement In/a 3 Reproduction: Eievatlon, Intertidal In/a 3 Reproduction: Elevation, Rparlaj, In/a 4 Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidai In/a 1 Reproduction General, Salinity po yhaJine n/a - 3 - Reproduction: General, Water/Seth ment Quality In/a Reproduction: Substrate, Emergent Vasc Plants Distichlis spp. 3 Scirpus spp. 3 Typha app. 3 Rep roduction Substrate, Macro Jg ae Ulva app. Zostera marina Zostera app n/a Reproduction. Substrate, Riparuan /egetation In/a I 4 Reproduction: Substrate, Sediment gravel 3 Zostera marina B-38 ------- SUPPLEMENT 3. SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY The following bibliographic references are the results of a literature search designed to compliment and enhance the results of Matrix II. References were obtained primarily through the use of a computerized technical literature data base system (Compact Cambridge Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and Life Science Collection) using common and Latin names of assemblage species as search items. The Compact Cambridge systems do not list references published prior to 1975 Abstracts of papers were read to dcicrmine relevance to the project. Those references that reported on fish and wildlife relationships to cstuarine habitats were added to the Protocol Data Base and used to supplement the list of atiribuics obtained in the Matrix II process. These results are reported in this appendix, sorted by the common name of the assemblage species to which the reference pertains Furthermore, the habitat function associated with the paper is also listed following the reference. Format of the computerized retrieval did not allow for use of the standardized bibliographic style utilized in the rest of the Protocol ------- AMERICAN WIGEON Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Inertebrates, Neustonic Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular. Vermeer-K Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habits of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60. Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular Feeding: Plants, Macro Algae. BAY PIPEFISH Simenstad-CA; Miler-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-U. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. BLACK BRANT Nettleship-DN; Sanger-GA; Springer-PF(eds). Feeding ecology of black brant on the North Slope of Alaska. MARINE BIRDS: THEIR FEEDING ECOLOGY AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RELATIONSHIPS., 1984., pp. 40-48. Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular. Smith-LM; Vangilder -LD; Kennamer-RA. Foods of wintering brant in eastern North America. J. FIELD ORNITHOL., 1985., vol. 56, no.3, pp. 286-288. Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular. BUFFALO SCULPIN Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding Plants. Macro Algae. Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Plants, Macro Algae; Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. CANADA GOOSE Bazely-DR; Jefferies-RL. Goose faeces: A source of nitrogen for plant growth in a grazed salt marsh. J. APPL. ECOL., 1985., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 693-703. Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular. Buchsbaum-R; Valiela-I. Variability in the chemistry of estuarine plants and its effect on feeding by Canada geese. OECOLOGIA., 1987., vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 146-153. Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular. Feeding: Plants. Submergent Vascular. C-2 ------- Casey-D; Wood-M. Effects of water levels on productivity of Canada geese in the Northern Elathead Valley. Annual report 1984. 1985., 63 pp. Rcproduction Eievation, Ripanan Dunn-EH; Maclnnes-CD. Geographic variation in dutch size and body size of Canada geese. J. FIELD ORNITHOL., 1987., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 355-371. Reproduction. General, Temperature Prevett-JP; Marshall-IF; Thomas-VG. Spring foods of snow and Canada geese at James Bay. J. WILDL. MANAGE., 1985., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 558-563. Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular Sedinger-JS; Raveling-DG. Timing of nesting by Canada geese in relation to the phenology and availability of their food plants. J. ANIM. ECOL., 1986., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1083-1102. Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular Thomas.VG, Prevett-JP. The roles of the James and Hudson Bay lowland in the annual cycle of geese. NAT. CAN., 1982., vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 913-925. Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular CHINOOK SALMON Anderson-EP. Use by juvenile chinook salmon of artificial habita& constructed from dredged material in the Campbell River Estuary. CAN. CONTRACF. REP. HYDROGR. OCEAN SC!., 1985., no. 20, pp. 4-15. Refuge/Physiology- Physical Complexity, Bathymctnc Features Beacbani-TD. Type, quantity, and size of food of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, British Columbia. FISH. BULL., 1986., vol 84, no. 1, pp. 77-90. Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column, Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic Birtwell-1K Greer.GL; Nassichuk-MD; Rogers-lH. Studies on the impact of municipal sewage discharged onto an intertidal area within the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia CAN TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1170, 1983., 64 pp. Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality Birtwell-LK; Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1799, 1984., 58 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic Black-EA; Low-Ci. Cienophores in salmon diets. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1983., vol. 112, no 5, pp. 728-730. Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic Bottom-DL. The carrying capacity of Sixes Estuary for fall chinook salmon. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 247. Feeding- Genera!, Temperature Brett.JR; Charke-WC; Shelbourn-JE. Experiments on thermal requirements for growth and food conversion efficiency of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha . CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1127, 1982., 33 pp. Feeding- General, Temperature C-3 ------- Brownlee-MJ; Mattice-ER; Levings-CD. The Campbell River Estuary: A report on the design, construction and preliminary follow-up study findings of intertidal marsh islands created for purposes of estuarixie rehabilitation. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1789, 1984., 63 pp. Rfue/Physiolo Phystcal Complexity, Bathymetric Features. Congleton-JL; Smith-JE. Interactions between juvenile salmon and benthic invertebrates in the Skagit salt marsh in C. A. Simenstad and S. J. Lipovsky (eds.), Proc. Fish Food Habits Studies; 1st Pac. NW Tech., Oct. 1976, Workshop, Astoria, Ore., Wash. Sea Grant PubI. WSG-WO 77-2, Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1977 Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic, Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcrnhic. Emmeu.RL; Miller-DR; Blahm-TH. Food of juvenile chinook, Oncorh chus tshawytscha , and coho, 0. kisutch , salmon off the northern Oregon and southern Washington coasts, May-September 1980. CALIF. FISH GAME., 1986., voL 72, no. 1, pp. 38-46. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column English-KK. Predator-prey relationships for juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, feeding on zooplankton in in situ enclosures. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1983., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 287-297. Feeding- Invertebrates. Pelagic Finlayson-BJ; Verrue-KM. Toxicities of butoxyethanol ester and propylene glycol butyl ether ester formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) to juvenile salmonids. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1985., vol. 14, no.2, pp. 153-160. Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality. Finlayson-BJ; Verrue-KM. Toxicities of copper, zinc, and cadmium mixtures to juvenile chinook salmon. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1982., vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 645-650. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., CoIl Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Hanson-CH; Jacobson-E. Orientation of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, to low water velocities under high and low light levels. CALIF. FISH GAME., 1985., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 110-113. Refuge/Physiology General, Light; Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Waler Movement. Healey.MC. Juvenile Pacific salmon in estuaries: The life support system. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 285. Feeding: Invertebrates., Bcnthic, Feeding- General, Detritus; Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features. Karpenko-VI. Biological characteristics of young coho sockeye and chinook salmon in the coastal waters of the eastern Kamchatka. BIOL MORYA., 1982., no. 6, pp. 33-41. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Kjelson-MA; Raquel-PF. The life history of fall run juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in the Sacramento-San .Joaquin Estuary of California. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 285. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Water Movement C-4 ------- Kruzynski-GM; Birtwell-IK; Rogers-IH. Studies on chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and municipal waste from the lona Island sewage treatment plant, Vancouver. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AQUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND, B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (up). Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality; Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality Levings-CD. Juvenile salmonid use of habitats altered by a coal port in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. MAR. POLLUT. BULL., 1985., vol. 16, no.6, pp. 248-254. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features. Levings-CD. Short term use of a low tide refuge in a sandflat by juvenile chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), Fraser River Estuary. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1111, 1982., 37 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Levings-CD. Short term use of a low tide refuge in a sandflat by juvenile chinook, (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Fraser River Estuary Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 111, Dept. Fish. Oceans, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1982. 33 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding- Invertebrates. Pelagic Levings -CD; McAllister-CD; Change-BD. Differential use of the Campbell River Estuary, British Columbia, by wild and hatchery-reared juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1986., vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1386-1397. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Vertical Relief. Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salinonids Fish. Mar. Serv. Manuscript Rep. 1475, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Fish utilization of Fraser estuary marshes. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 263. RefugcfFhysiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement, Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile salmon residency in a marsh area of the Fraser River Estuary Can J. Fish. Aquat. Sci 39:270-276. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features. Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile Salmon Residency in a Marsh Area of the Fraser River Estuary. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1982., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 270-276. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features, Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement. Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. But. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp. Feeding- Vertebrates. Water Column, Feeding- Invertebrates, Neustonic, Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthuc Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding- Invertebrates. Pelagic, Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibcnthic C-5 ------- MacDonald-iS; Birtwell- 1K Kruzunski-GM. Food and Habitat Utilization by Juvenile Salmonids in the Campbell River Estuary Can. J. Fish Aquat. ScL, Vol. 44, 1987, pp. 1233-1246. Feeding: liwertebrates, Epibenthic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Water Movement; Refuge/Physiology. General. Temperature; Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity. McCabe-GT,Jr; Coley-TC; Emmeu.RL; Muir-WD; Durkin. The effects of the eruption of Mt. St. Helens on fishes in the Columbia River Estuary ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 247. Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality. McCabe-Gt,Jr; Emmett-RL Muir-WD; Blahm-TH. Utilization of the Columbia River estuary by subyearling chinook salmon. NORTHWEST SCL, 1986., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 113-124. Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic; Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic. Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Patlan-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the Duwamish Estuary Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 42 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding Invertebrates, Neusionic. Myers-KW; Horton-HF. Temporal use of an Oregon estuary by hatchery and wild juvenile salmon. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 286. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. flathymetnc Features. Pearce-TA; Meyer-iA; Boomer-RS. Distribution and food habits of juvenile salmon in the Nisqually estuary, Washington, 1979-1980 U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Fish. Assist. Off., Olympia, WA. 1982. 77 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustonic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthir, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic Peterson-Wi; Brodeur-RD; Pearcy-WG. Food habits of juvenile salmon in the Oregon coastal zone, June 1979. FISH. BULL., 1982., vol. 80, no. 4, pp 841-851. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Poston-TM; Neitzel-DA; Abernethy-cS; Carlile-DW. Effects of suspended volcanic ash and thermal shock on susceptibility of juvenile salmonids to disease. 1984., 34 pp. Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature; Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality Reimers-PE. The length of residence of juvenile fall chinook salmon in Sixes River, Oregon Res. Rep. Fish Comm. Ore. 4:1-43. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic; Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature. Russell-LR; Conlin-KR; Johansen-OK; Orr-U. Chinook salmon studies in the Nechako River: 1980, 1981, 1982. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT.SCI., no. 1728, 1 83., 197 pp. Refuge/Physuology Physical Complexity, Waler Movement. Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. C-6 ------- Thom-R; Albrigbt-R; Siinenstad-CA; Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. J. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-UW- 8413, Fish. Res. Inst.., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se Feeding- Invertebrates. Epubenthic Weitkamp-DE; Schadt.TH. 1980 Juvenile salmonid study Doc. 82-0415-012F to Port Seattle, Parametrix, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 1982.43 pp + append. Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibcnthic Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic CHUM SALMON Congleton-JL. Feeding patterns of juvenile chum salmon in the Skagit River salt marsh. in S. i. Lipovsky and C. A. Simenstad (eds.), Proc. GUTSHOP78, Second Pac. NW Tech. Workshop Fish Food Habits Studies, Oct. 1978, Lake Wilderness Conf. Center, Maple Valley, Wash., Wash. Sea Grant Pu Feeding- Invertebrates. Ncustonic Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic Congleton-JL; Smith-JE. Interactions between juvenile salmon and bent hic invertebrates in the Skagit salt marsh in C. A. Simenstad and S. J. Lipovsky (eds.), Proc. Fish Food Habits Studies; 1st Pac. NW Tech., Oct. 1976, Workshop, Astoria, Ore., Wash. Sea Grant PubI. WSG-WO 77-2, Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1977 Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic Cooney-RT; Urquhart-D; Bernard-D. The Behavior, Feeding Biology, and Growth of Hatchery Released Pink and Chum Salmon Fry in Prince William Sound, Alaska. ALASKA SEA GRANT REP. ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM ALASKA UNIV., ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM FAIRBANKS, AK (USA), 1981., 121 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Neustonic Feeding- Invertebrates. Benthic Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic Healey-MC. Juvenile Pacific salmon in estuaries: The life support system. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 285. Feeding- Invertebrates, Bcnthic Feeding- General. Detnius, Rcfugc/Physiolo r Phyxical Complexity, Bathymernc Features. Healy-MC. Detritus and juvenile salmon production in the Nanaimo estuary I. Production and feeding rates of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) 3. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36:488-4%. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Inc-I; Nakamura-K. Ecological studies on juvenile chum and pink salmon in their early marine life. 4. The residence and growth of juvenile chum salmon in small harbours of eastern Hokkaido. BULL. HOKKAIDO REG. FISH. RES. LAB./HOKUSUIKEN HOKOKU., 1985., no. 50, pp. 13-25. Re(uge/Phyxiology General, Light Iwata.M; Komatsu-S. Importance of estuarine residence for adaptation of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta ) fry to seawater. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., 1984., vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 744-749. RetugefPhys lolo2j General. Salinity C-7 ------- Kaev-AM. Ecology and abundance of the chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) (Salmonidae) during the early sea life period. VOPR. IKHTIOL ,, 1983., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 724-734. Refuge/Physiolo General, Temperature; Rcfugc/PhyxioIo Physical Complexity, Water Movement. Karpenko-VI. Diurnal feeding rhythm of young salmon during the initial stage of marine life. J. ICHTHYOL., 1982., vol. 22, no.2, pp. 131-134. Feeding: General. Temperature; Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement. Karpenko-VI. Diurnal feeding rhythm of young salmons during the early marine period. VOPR.. IKHTIOL., 1982., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 323-325. Feeding: General, Temperature. Karpenko-VI. Food Supply and Feeding of Young Pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) and Chum Oncorhychus keta (Walbaum) Salmons in the Coastal Waters of the Karaginsk Bay of the Bering Sea. VOPR. IKHTIOL., 1981., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 675-686. Feeding: Invertebrates. Bcnthic Kayev-AM. Factors influencing survival of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Salmonidae), during the early marine period. J. ICHTHYOL., 1983., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 7-17 Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthic. Koshiishi-Y. Effect of salinity on food intake, growth and feed efficiency of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), and ayu, Plecoglossus alcivelis Temminck et Schlegel. BULL. JAPAN SEA REG. FISH. RES. LAB./NISSUIKEN HOKOKU., 1986., no. 36, pp. 1-14. Feeding: General, Salinity, Refuge/Physiolomj General, Salinity. Levings-CD. Feeding ecology of juvenile salmonids at three contrasting habitats at the Freser River Estuary, B.C. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 243. Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pclagic. Feeding: Plants, Submcrgeni Vascular Levings-CD; Foreman-RE; Tunnicliffe-Vi. Review of the benthos of the Strait of Georgia and contiguous fjords. CAt1. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1983., vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1120.1141. Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic, Re1uge/Physiolo - Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Levy-DA. Chum salmon in a tidal creek of the Squamish River Estuary, B. C. in S. J. Lipovsky and C. A. Simenstad (eds.), Proc. GUTSHOF78, Second Pac. NW Tech. Workshop Fish Food Habits Studies, Oct. 1978, Lake Wilderness Conf. Center, Maple Valley, Wash., Wash. Sea Grant Pu Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnihic Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salmonids Fish. Mar. Serv. Manuscript Rep. 1475, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile salmon residency in a marsh area of the Fraser River Estuary Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sd. 39:270-276. Rcfuge/Physiolo - Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features. Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile Salmon Residency in a Marsh Area of the Fraser River Estuary. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1982., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 270-276. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Waler Movement C-8 ------- Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Wcstwat. Rcs. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthiq Feeding- Invertebrates, Neustonic Maims-DC; Hidgins-HO; McCain-BB; Weber-DD; Varanasi-U; Brown-DW. Sublethal effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals, including biotransformations, as reflected by morphological, chemical, physiological, pathological, and behavioral indices. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AlASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. ANNUAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 1980. VOLUME 3: EFFECTS, CONTAMINANT BASELINES., NOAA/OMPA, BOULDER, CO ( Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality. Maims-DC; Hidgins-HO; McCain.BB; Weber-DD; Varanasi-U; Brown-DW. Sublethal effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals, including biotransformations, as reflected by morphological, chemical, physiological, pathological, and behavioral indices. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. ANNUAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 1980. VOLUME 3: EFFECTS, CONTAMINANT BASELINES., NOAA/OMPA, BOULDER, CO. Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Mason-iC. Behavioral ecology of chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta) in a small estuary J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31:83-92. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthiq Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic, Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Water Movement Melteff-BR; Neve-RA(eds). Foraging success as a determinant of estua ine and nearshore carrying capacity of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta ) in Hood Canal, Washington. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC AQUACULTURE SYMPOSIUM., ALASKA SEA GRANT REP. ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM ALASKA UNIV., 1982., pp. 21-37. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic, Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Patlan-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonid.s in the Duwami.sh Estuary, Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington. 42 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagiq Feeding Invertebratca, Neustonic. Pearce-TA; Meyer-JA; Boomer-RS. Distribution and food habits of juvenile salmon in the Nisqually estuary, Washington, 1979-1980 US. Fish Wildlife Service, Fish. Assist. Off., Olympia, WA. 1982. 77 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthtc Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic. Peterson-WT; Brodeur-RD; Pearcy-WG. Food habits of juvenile salmon in the Oregon coastal zone, June 1979. FISH. BULL, 1982., vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 841-851. Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic Prinslow-TE; Whitmus-CJ; Dawson-JJ; Bax-NJ; Snyder-BP; Salo-EO. Effects of wharf lighting on outmigrating salmon, 1979 Fin. Rep. FRI-U W-8007, Fish. Res. Inst., CoIl. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1980. 137 pp. Feeding General, Light; Refuge/Physiology General, Light C.9 ------- Shuntov-VP(ed). Distribution and Some Biological Features of Young Pink and Chum Salmons in the Inshore Waters of Iturup Island. (BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE KUROSHIO AND ADJACENT WATERS.)., IZV. TINRO., 1980., vol. 104, TINRO, VLADIVOSTOK (USSR), 1980., pp. 116-121. Refuge/Physiolo General. Temperature. Refuge/PhysioIo General. Salinity. Simenstad-CA. Prey organisms and prey community composition of juvenile salmonids in Hood Canal, Washington. in C. A. Simenstad and S. J. Lipovsky (eds.), Proc. Fish Food Habits Studies; 1st Pac. NW Tech., Oct. 1976, Workshop, Astoria, Ore., Wash. Sea Grant Pubi. WSG-WO 77-2, Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1977. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnlhic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Simenstad-CA; Cordell-JR; Wissmar-RC; Fresh-KL; Schroder-SL Carr-M; Sanborn-G; Burg-ME. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI-UW- 8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibetuhic. Simenstad-CA; Kinney-Wi. Trophic relationships of outmigrating chum salmon in Hood Canal, Washington, 1977 Fin. Rep. FRI-U W-7810, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 75 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthiq Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic Simenscad-CA; Kinney-Wi; Parker-SS; Salo-EO; Cordell-JR; Buechner-H. Prey community structure and trophic ecology of outmigrating juvenile chum and pink salmon in Hood Canal, Washington: A synthesis of three years studies, 1977-1979 Fin. Rep. FRI-UW-8026, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Uniw. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1980. 113 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibcnihic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79.259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibcnthic Stockner-JG; Levings-CD(ed). Biological reconnaissance of Yakoun River estuary, Queen Charlotte Islands, and results of a trial fertilization with urea. CAN. TECH. REP FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1132, 1982., 127 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic. Terazaki-M; Iwata-M. Feeding habits of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta collected from Otsuchi Bay. BULL. JAP. SOC. SCI. F1SH./NISSUISHI., 1983., vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1187-1193. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Tutty-BD; Raymond-BA; Conlin-K. Estuarine restoration and salmonid utilization of a previously dyked slough in the Englishman River Estuary, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., no. 1689, 1983., S8 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenchic. Weitkamp-DE; Schadt-TH. 1980 Juvenile salmonid study Doc. 82-0415-012F to Port Seattle, Parametrix, Inc., Bcllevue, WA. 1982. 43 pp + append. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic; Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic. C-b ------- COHO SALMON Berg-L; Northcote-TG. Changes in territorial 1 gill-flaring, and feeding behavior in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) following short-term pulses of suspended sediment. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., 1985., vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1410-1417. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Oualit Refuge/Phys ology General. Turbidity Birtwell-LK Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1799, 1984., 58 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic Bisson-PA; Bilby-RE. Avoidance of suspended sediment by juvenile coho salmon. N. AM. J. FISH. MANAGE., 1982., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 371-374. Refuge/Physiolo General, Turbidity Brownlee-MJ; Mattice-ER; Levings-CD. The Campbell River Estuary A report on the design, construction and preliminary follow-up study findings of intertidal marsh islands created for purposes of estuarine rehabilitation. CAN MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1789, 1984., 63 pp. Rc(ugc/Physiolo r Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column Buckley-iA. Complexation of copper in the effluent of a sewage treatment plant and an estimate of its influence on toxicity to coho salmon. WATER RES., 1983., vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1929-1934. R.eFugcfPhysiolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality Chebanova-VV. The role of invertebrate drift in the feeding of young coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Salznonidae), in the Xarymayskiy River (Bolshaya River basin, western Kamchatka). 3. ICHTHYOL., 1983., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 70-78. Feeding: hiverlebrates, Benthir, Feeding: invertebrates, Neustonic Crouse-MR; Callahan-CA; Malueg-KW; Doninguez-SE. Effects of fine sediments on growth of juvenile coho salmon in laboratory streams. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1981., vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 281-286. Re(ugefPhysiology: General, Water/Sediment Qualit>-, Refuge/Physiology General. Turbidity Dill-LM; Ydenberg-RC; Fraser-AHG. Food Abundance and Territory Size in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ). CAN. 3. ZOOL., 1981., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 1801-1809. Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthir, Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustonic Dolloff-CA. Effects of stream cleaning on juvenile coho Salmon and Dolly Varden in southeast Alaska. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1986., vol. 115, no. 5, pp. 743-755. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features. Durkin-JT. Behavior of coho salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) in the Columbia River and its estuary. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no.3, p. 286. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief. Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic. Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustonie. Emmett-RL; Miller.DR; Blahm-TH. Food of juvenile chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha , and coho, 0. kisutch , salmon off the northern Oregon and southern Washington coasts, May-September 1980. CALIF. FISH GAME., 1986., vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 38-46. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pcla c Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column C-li ------- Folmar-LC; Craddock-DR; Blackweil-JW; Joyce-G; Hodgins-HO. Effects of Petroleum Exposure on Predatory Behavior of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ). BULL. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL, 1981., vol. 27, no.4, pp.458-46 2 . Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality. Fresh-KL Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978.229 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Fujiwara-M; Oohashi-T; Ikuta T. The relationships between the spawning, seaward migration of natural chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, and the water temperature in its southern range. BULL. KYOTO INST. OCEAN. FISH. SCI./KYOTO KAIYO SENTA KENPO., 1983., no. 7, pp. 1-8. Reproduction General. Temperature. Rcfugc/Physiolo General. Temperature Giguere-LA; Northcote-TG. Ingested prey increase risks of visual predation in transparent Chaoborus larvae. OECOLOGIA.. 1987., vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 48-52. Feeding: Invertebrates. \euuornc Glova-Gi. Interaction for food arid space between experimental populations of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and coastal cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in a laboratory stream. HYDROBIOLOGIA., 1986., vol. 131, no.2, pp. 155-168. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Fcatures ReFuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Water Movement, Reluge/Physiology General, Temperature. Glova-Gi. Management implications of the distribution and diet of sympatric populations of juvenile coho salmon and coastal cutthroat trout in small streams in British Columbia, Canada. PROG. FISH-CULT., 1984.. vol 46, no. 4, pp. 269-277. Feeding: Invertebrates, t.eustonic. Relugc/Physiology Physical Complexiiy. l3athymetnc Features Hargeaves.N B; LeBrasseur-Ri. Size selectivity of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) preying on juvenile chum (0. keta ) salmon. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1986., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 581-586. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Hargreaves-NB; Lebrasseur-RJ. Species selective predation on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) and chum salmon (0. keta ) by coho salmon (0. kisutch ). CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1985., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 659-668. Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column Healey-MC. Juvenile Pacific salmon in estuaries: The life support system. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 285. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features; Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthtc Feeding: General, Deintus. Irie-T. Ecology of Japanese chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in their early marine life. BULL. JAP. SOC. FISH. OCEANOGR./SUISAN KAIYO KENKYUKA!HO., 1984., no. 45, pp. 55-60. Refuge/Physiology General Salinity Re1uge/Physiolo General. Temperature Johnson-il-I; Johnson-EZ. Feeding Periodicity and Did Variation in Diet Composition of Subyearling Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Steelhead, Salmo gairdneri , in a Small Stream During Summer. FISH. BULL., 1981., vol. 79, no. 2, p. 370-376. Feeding: Invertebrates. Neustonic C-U ------- Karpenko-VI. Biological characteristics of young coho sockeye and chinook salmon in the coastal waters of the eastern Kamchatka. BIOL MORYA., 1982., no. 6, pp. 33-41. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Karpenko-VI. Biological peculiarities of juvenile coho, sockeye, and chinook salmon in coastal waters of east Kamchatka. SOy. .1. MAR. BIOL, 1983.. vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 3 17-324. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Karpenko-VI; Piskunova-LV. Importance of macroplankton in the diet of young salmons of genus Oncorhynchus (Salmonidae) and their trophic relationships in the southwestern Bering Sea. J. ICHTHYOL, 1984., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 98-106. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic Karpenko-VI; Piskunova-LV. On the role of macroplankton in the feeding and trophic relationships in young salmons from the genus Oncorhynchus (Salmonidae) from the southwestern Bering Sea. VOPR. IHKTIOL., 1984., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 759-766. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthir. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagir. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Kehoe-DM. Effects of Grays Harbor Estuary sediment on the osmoregulatory ability of coho salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus kisutch ). BULL. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1983., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 522-529. Rcruge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Kehoe-DM. The effects of Grays Harbor estuary sediment on the osmoregulatory ability of coho salmon smolts, Oncorhynchus kisutch. USACE, SEATrLE, WA (USA), 1982., 30 pp. Refuge/Physiolo r. General, Water/Sediment Quality. Koshiishi-Y. Growth of juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, reared in tanks supplied sea water in relation to food consumption, salinity and dietary protein content. BULL. JAP. SEA REG. FISH. RES. LAB., 1980., no. 31., pp. 41-55. Feeding: General, Temperature, Feeding: General. Salinity Levings-CD. Juvenile salmonid use of habitats altered by a coal port in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. MAR. POLLUT. BULL., 1985., vol. 16, no.6, pp. 248-254. Re(ugcfPhysiolo Physical Complexity. Bathymeinc Features. Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salmonids Fish. Mar. Serv. Manuscript Rep. 1475, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. MacDonald-iS; Birtwell-IK; Kruzunski-GM. Food and Habitat Utilization by Juvenile Salmonids in the Campbell River Estuary Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sd., Vol. 44, 1987, pp. 1233-1246. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Mavement; R ugefPhyssology General, Temperature, Ralugeffhysiology General, Salinity Mace-PM. Bird predation on juvenile salmonids in the Big Qualicum Estuary, Vancouver Island. CAN. TECH. REP. AQUAT. Sd., no. 1176,1983., 89 pp. RefugcfPhyaiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement. C-13 ------- Melteff-BR; Neve-RA(e ls). The distribution and residency of juvenile Pacific salmon in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, in relation to foraging success. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC AQUACULTURE SYMPOSIUM., ALASKA SEA GRANT REP. ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM ALASKA UNIV., 1982., pp. 61-69. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column; Refuge/Physiolo Physical Complexity, Bathymetnc Features. Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Pallin-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the Duwamish Estuary, Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington. 12 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic: Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic: Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustonic. Meyers-KW. Comparative analysis of stomach contents of cultured and wild juvenile salmonids in Yaquina Bay, Oregon in S. 3. Lipovsky and C. A. Simenstad (eds.), Proc. GUTSHOP18, Second Pac. NW Tech. Workshop Fish Food Habits Studies, Oct. 1978, Lake Wilderness Conf. Center, Maple Valley, Wash., Wash. Sea Grant Pu Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthir. Feeding: Vertebrates, Demcrsal. Mitchell-DG; Morgan-3D; Cronin-JL; Cobb-DA; Vigers-GA; Chapman-PM. Acute lethal marine bioassay studies for the U.S. Borax Quartz Hill Project. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AOUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND, B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (np). Re1uge/Physiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality. Micchell-DG; Morgan-3D; Vigers-GA; Chapman-PM. Acute toxicity of mine tailings to four marine species. MAR. FOLLUT. BULL., 1985., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 450-454. RcIuge/Physuolo2J General. Water/Sediment Quality Munday-DR; Ennis-GL; Wright-DG; Jeffries-DC; McGreer-ER; Mathers-JS. Development and evaluation of a model to predict effects of buried underwater blasting charges on fish populations in shallow water areas. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1418, 1986., 59 pp. Refuge/Physiolo - General. Sound. Nakano-H; Ando-Y; Shirahata-S. Osmoregulative ability of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta ). BULL. HOKKAIDO REG. FISH. RES. LAB./HOKUSUIKEN HOKOKU., 1985., no. 50, pp. 87-92. Rc(uge/Physiolo r General, Salinity. Nickelson-TE. Influences of upwelling, ocean temperature, and smolt abundance on marine survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon production area. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1986., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 527-535. Re1uge/Physiolo General, Temperature Patin-SA(ed). A study.of young coho salmon response to cadmium intoxication. (BIOGEOCHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WATER POLLUTION.)., SB. NAUCH. TR. VNIRO., 1984., pp. 68-84. Re(uge/Physiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality. Paul-3M. A guide to marine prey of juvenile salmon. ALASKA SEA GRANT MAR. ADV. BULL., ASG, FAIRBANKS, AK (USA), 1982., 65 pp. C-14 ------- Pearce-TA; Meyer-iA; Boomer-RS. Distribution and food habits of juvenile salmon in the Nisqually estuary, Washington, 1979-1980 U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Fish. Assist. Off., Olympia, WA. 1982. 77 pp. Feeding Vertebrates, Dcnienal, Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic. Peterson-WT; Brodeur-RD; Pearcy-WG. Food habits of juvenile salmon in the Oregon coastal zone, June 1979. FISH. BULL., 1982., vol. 80, no.4, pp. 841-851. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthuc Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagtc Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column. Robinson-CK Lapi-LA; Carter-EW. Stomach contents of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias ) caught near the Oualicum and Fraser Rivers, April-May, 1980-81. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCL, no. 1656, 1982., 24 pp. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column Simenstad-CA; Miler-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column. Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic Stockner-JG; Levings-CD(ed). Biological reconnaissance of Yakoun River estuary, Queen Charlotte Islands, and results of a trial fertilization with urea. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., no. 1132, 1982., 127 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnthic Feeding Invertebrates. Neustonic Thomas-DH. A possible link between coho (silver) salmon enhancement and a decline in central California Dungeness crab abundance. FISH. BULL., 1985., vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 682-691. Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic Thomas-RE; Gharrett-JA; Carls.MG; Rice-SD; Moles-A; Korn-S. Effects of fluctuating temperature of mortality, stress, and energy reserves of juvenile coho salmon. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1986., vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 52-59. Refuge/PhysioIog - General, Temperature Tschaplinski-PJ. Aspects of the population biology of estuary-reared and stream-reared juvenile coho salmon in Carnation Creek: A summary of current research. in G. F. Hartman (ed.), Proc. Carnation Creek Workshop: A Ten-year Rev., Malaspina College, Nanaimo, B. C. 1982. 404 pp. Refuge/Phys,olo - Physical Complexity. Water Movement, Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Vertical Relief WoIf-EG; Morson.B; Fucik-KW. Preliminary studies of food habits of juvenile fish, China Poot Marsh and Potter Marsh, Alaska, 1978. ESTUARIES., 1983., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 102-114. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic COMMON GOLDENEYE Campbell-LH. The impact of changes in sewage treatment on seaducks wintering in the Firth of Forth, Scotland. BIOL CONSERV., 1984., vol. 28, no.2, pp. 173-180. Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality. Vermeer-K; Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habitas of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60. Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnihic Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Fccding Plants, Emergent Vascular. C-15 ------- COMMON MERGANSER Haytnes-GT; Sheehan-RW. Winter Waterfowl Around Pickering Nudear Generating Station. CAN. FIELD-NAT., 1982., vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 172-175. Feeding: General, Temperature, R fuge/Physiolo General, Temperature. Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Vertebrates, Dcmersal Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Wood-CC. Dispersion of common merganse (Mergus merganser ) breeding pairs in relation to the availability of juvenile Pacific salmon in Vancouver Island streams. CAN. J. ZOOL., 1986., vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 756-765. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Wood-CC. Predation of juvenile Pacific salmon by the common merganser (Mergus merganser ) on eastern Vancouver Island. 1: Predation during the seaward migration. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1987., vol. 44, no.5, pp. 941-949. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Wood-CC. Predation of juvenile Pacific salmon by the common merganser (Mergus merganser ) on eastern Vancouver Island. 2. Predation of stream-resident juvenile salmon by merganser broods. CAN. 3. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1987., vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 950-959. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Wood-CC; Hand-CM. Food-searching behaviour of the common merganser (Mergus merganser). 1. Functional responses to prey and predator density. CAN. J. ZOOL., 1985., vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 1260-1270. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column COPPER ROCKFISH Fresh-KL; Rabin-D, Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FR!-UW-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic: Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic: Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Gascon-D; Miller-RA. Space utilization in a community of temperate reef fishes inhabiting small experimental artificial reefs. CAN. J. ZOOL, 1982., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 798-806. Rc(ugc/Physiology - Physical Complexity, Bathymctnc Features, Re1uge/Physiolo Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief. Matthews-KR. Habitat use and movement patterns of copper, auillback, and brown rockfishes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD dissertation, University of Washington. 1988. 121 pp. Rcfuge/Physiolo - Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief; Refuge/Physiolo - Physical Complexity, Bathymetnc Features. Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epubenthic. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic: Feeding- Vertebrates. Demcrsal C-16 ------- C-O SOLE Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Sinienstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish Res. InsL, Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnthic Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthsc Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthiq Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthtc Feeding Vertebrates, Demenal CRESCENT GUNNEL Hughes-GW. Observations on the reproductive ecology of the crescent gunnel, Pholis laeta, from marine inshore waters of southern British Columbia. CAN. FIELD-NAT., 1986., vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 367-370. Reproduction Substrate, Sediment Hughes-GW. The comparative ecology and evidence for resource partitioning in two pholidid fishes (Pisces: Pholididae) from southern British Columbia eelgrass beds CAN. J. ZOOL., 1985., vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 76-85. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief, Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic. Refuge/Physiology Biological Complexity, Submergern Vasc Plants Simenstad-CA; Miller.BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh.K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79 .259 (Also Fish. Res Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic Thom-R; Albrighi-R; Simenstad-CA; Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. S in K. K. Chew and 0. J. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-OW- 8413, Fish Rca. Inst., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic CUTFHROAT TROUT Fresh.KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenihuc. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column Glova-Gi. Interaction for food and space between experimental populations of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and coastal cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in a laboratory stream. HYDROBIOLOGIA., 1986., vol. 131, no.2, pp. 155-168. RefugefPhysuology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features, ReIuge/Physiology General, Temperature Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salmonids Fish. Mar. Serv. Manuscript Rep. 1475, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp. Feeding Invertebrates. Epibenthic, Feeding Vertebrates, Demersa! C-17 ------- Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Patlan-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the Duwamish Estuary, Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington. 42 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthw, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding: Invertebrates. Neustonic. DARK-EYED JUNCO Kessler-WB; Kogut-TE. Habitat orientations of forest birds in southeastern Alaska. NORTHWEST SC!., 1985., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 58-65. Reproduction. Substrate, R panan Vegetation. DOLLY VARDEN Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salmonids Fish. Mar. Serv. Manuscript Rep 1475. West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Lp.t niPuc. Feeding Vcncbrates. Dcrnersal DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT DesGranges-J-L; Chapdelaine.G. Dupuis-P. (Nesting sites and dynamics of double-crested cormorants in Quebec.). CAN. i. ZOOL 1984., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 1260-1267. Reproduction. Substrate. Ripanan Vegetation, Reproduction Ekvation, Ripanan Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column Leger-C; McNeil-R. (Nest placement choice in cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from the Madeleine Islands, Quebec). CAN. J. ZOOL./J. CAN. ZOOL., 1987., vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 24-34. Reproduction Substrate, Ripanan Vegetation. DOVER SOLE Lasker-R; Sherman-K(eds). Fate of Post-Larval Bottom Fishes in a Highly Urbanized Coastal Zone. THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P.-V. REUN. CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp 104-111. Retuge/PhysioIogy General. Water/Sediment Quality Miossec-L. (The Amoco Cadiz oil pollution impact on flatfish biology in the Aber Benoit and Aber Wrach estuaries.). UN! VERSITE DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE, BREST (FRANCE), 1981., 143 pp. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality Rogers-C. Population dynamics of juvenile flatfish in the Grays Harbor estuary and adjacent nearshore area. PUBL. WASH. SEA GRANT., WASHINGTON UNIV., SEA GRANT PROGRAM, SEATFLE, WA (USA), 1985., Vp. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Battiymetnc Features C-18 ------- DUNGENESS CRAB Ambrose-WG,Jr. Increased emigration of the amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius (Barnard) and the polychaete Nephiys caeca (Fabricius) in the presence of invertebrate predators. J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL., 1984., vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 67.75. Feeding Invenebrates. Epibenihic Asson-Batres--MA. The feeding behavior of the juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister Dana, on the bivalve, Transennella tantilla (Gould), and a determination of its daily consumption rate. CALIF. FISH GAME., 1986., vol. 72, no.3, pp. 144.152. Feeding- lnvencbratca, Epibenthic. Baker-RA(ed). Direct Effects of Suspended Sediments on Aquatic Organisms. CONTAMINANTS AND SEDIMENTS. VOLUME 1: FATE AND TRANSPORT, CASE STUDIES, MODELING, TOXICITY., ANN ARBOR SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC., ANN ARBOR, MI (USA), 1980., vol. 1, pp. 501-536. Rcfugc/Physuology General, Water/Sediment Qua lity Refuge/Physiology Gcncral. Turbidity Carls-MG, Rice-SD. Toxic contributions of specific drilling mud components to larval shrimp and crabs. MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1984., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 45-62. Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality Feder-HM; PauI-AJ; Hoberg.MK; Jewett-SC; Matheke-G; McCumby.K; McDonald-i; Rice-R; Shoemaker-P. Distribution, abundance, community structure and trophic relationships. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. FINAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS. VOLUME 14, BIOLOGICAL STUDIES., NOAA/OMPA PRINC. INVEST. REP. ENVIRON. ASSESS. ALASKAN CONT. SHELF. Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Hillaby-BA. The effects of coal dust on ventilation and oxygen consumptIon in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister . CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1033, 1981., 24 pp. Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality Jacoby-CA. Behavioral responses of the larvae of Cancer magister Dana (1852) to light, pressure, and gravity. MAR. BEHAV. PHYSIOL, 1982., vol.8, no. 4, pp. 267-283. Rtfuge/Physiology General, Light. Pearson-WH; Sugarman-PC; Woodruff-DL; Olla-BL. Impairment of the Chemosensory Antennular Flicking Response in the Dungeness Crab, Cancer enagister, by Petroleum Hydrocarbons. FISH. BULL., 1981., vol. 79, no.4, pp. 641-647. Feeding- General, Water/Sediment Quality Pearson-WH; Woodruff-DL; Sugannan-PC; Olla-BL. Effects of Oiled Sediment on Predation on the Littleneck Clam, Protothaca staminea, by the Dungeness Crab, Cancer magister. ESTUAR. COAST SHELF SC!., 1981., vol. 13, no.4, pp. 445-454. Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality. Stevens-BG; Armstrong-DA; Cusimano-R. Feeding habits of the Dungeness crab Cancer magister as determined by the index of relative importance. MAR. BIOL., 1982., vol. 72, no- 2, pp. 135- 145. Feeding- lnvenebmtes, Epubenthic, Feeding- Venebrates, Water Column. Feeding- lnvenebraies, l3enthic C19 ------- Stevens-BG; Armstrong-DA; Hoeman-JC. Did activity of an estuarine population of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister , in relation to feeding and environmental factors. J. CRUST. BIOL., 1984., vol.4, no. 3, pp. 390-403. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic RerugefPhyaiolo Physical Complexity, Water Movement; Re1uge/Physiolo General, Light. Stevens-BG; Cusimano-R; Armstiong-DA. Feeding habits of the Dungeness crab Cancer magister Dana in Grays Harbor, Washington. J. SHELLFISH RES., 1982., vol.2, no.1, P. 121. Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column; Feeding: Invertebrates. Epubenthic. Sugarinan-PC; Pearson-WH; Woodruff-DL. Salinity detection and associated behavior in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister . ESTUARIES., 1983., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 380-386. Re(uge/Physology General, Salinity. DUNLIN Allen-iA; Barnect-PRO; Boyd-JM; Kirkwood-RC; Mackay-DW; Smyth-JC(eds). Recent changes in numbers of waders on the Clyde Estuary, and their significance for conservation. THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE ESTUARY AND FIRTh OF CLYDE., PROC. R. SOC. EDINB., SECT. B., vol. 90, 1986., pp. 171-184. Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic. Brennan-LA; Buchanan-JB; Herman-SG; Johnson-TM. Interhabitat movements of wintering dunlins in western Washington. MURRELET., 1985., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 11-16. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement, Refuge/Physiology Biological Complexity. Emergent Vasc. Plants. Buchanan-JB; Brennan-LA; Schick-CT; Finger-MA; Johnson-TM; Herman-SG. Dunlin weight changes in relation to food habits and available prey. i. FIELD ORNITHOL, 1985., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 265-272. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic. Couch. Feeding Ecology of Four Species of Sandpipers in Western Washington MS Thesis, University of Washington. 1966. Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenihic. Goss-Custard-JD; Moser-ME. Rates of Change in the Numbers of Dunlin, Calidris alpina, Wintering in British Estuaries in Relation to the Spread of Spartina anglica. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1988, vol. 25, pp. 95-109. Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular. Liljeld-J. Prey and grit taken by five species of waders at an autumn migration staging post in N. Nor y. FAUNA NOR VEGICA, SER. C., 1984., vol.7, no.1, pp. 28-36. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic. Liljeld-J. Stomach content analyses of the dunlin Calidris alpina : Bias due to differential digestibility of prey items. FAUNA NORVEGICA, SER. C., 1983., vol.6, pp. 43-46. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic-. Feeding: lnvertebraies, Benthie. Quainmen-ML Influence of subtle substrate differences on feeding by shorebirds on intertidal mudflats. MAR. BIOL., 1982., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 339-343. Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality. C-20 ------- Worrall-DH. Diet of the dunlin Calidris alpina in the Severn Estuary. BIRD STUD., 1984., vol. 31, no. 3, Pp. 203-212. Feeding- Invenebrates , Epibenthic, Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic. ENGLISH SOLE Coliier-TK Stein-JE; Wallace-Ri; Varanasi-U. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in spawning English sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to organic-solvent extracts of marine sediments from contaminated and reference areas. COMP. BIOCHEM. PHYSIOL., C., 1986., vol. 84C, no 2, pp. 291-298. Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish. Res Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, &nthic-, Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Hogue-EW; Carey-AG,Jr. Feeding ecology of 0-age flatfishes at a nursery ground on the Oregon coast FISH. BULL., 1982., vol. 80, no 3, pp 555-565. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding- Invertebrates, Benihic. Feeding- invcncbrates. Pelagic. Krahn-MM; Myers-MS; Burrows-DC; Maims-DC. Determination of metabolites of xenobiotics in the bile of fish from polluted waterways. XENOBIOTICA., 1984., vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 633-646. Refuge/Physiology- General, Waler/Sediment Quality Krahn-MM; Rhodes-LD; Myers-MS; Moore-LK; MacLeod-WD,Jr; Maims-DC. Associations between metabolites of aromatic compounds in bile and the occurrence of hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus ) from Puget Sound, Washington. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1986., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 61-67. Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality Kruse.GH; Tyler-AV. Simulation of temperature and upwelling effects on the English sole (Parophrys vetulus) spawning season. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., 1983., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 230-237. Reproduction- General, Temperature Krygier-EE; Pearcy-WG. The role of estuarine and offshore nursery areas for young English sole, Parophrys vetulus Girard, of Oregon. FISH. BULL, 1986., vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 119-132. Refuge/Physiology- Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief. Lichatowich.J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic Moore-MM(ed). Preneoplastic cellular changes associated with exposure to environmental contaminants in Puget Sound, Washington. RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS., MAR. ENVIRON. RES., vol. 17, no. 2-4, 1985., pp. 334-335. Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality Olson.RE. Effects of I_ow Temperature on the Development of the Microsporidan Giugea stephani in English Sole (Parophrys vetulus ). J. WILDL DIS., 1981., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 559-562. Refuge/Physiology- General, Temperature C-21 ------- Pritchard-JB(ed). Field and laboratory studies of the etiology of liver neoplasms in marine fish from Puget Sound. MECHANISMS OF POLLUTANT ACTION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS., ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT., vol. 71, 1987., pp. 5-16. Rc(ugefPhysiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality. Rbodes-L Casillas-E; McKnight-B; Gronlund-W; Myers-M; Olson-OP; McCain-B. Interactive effects of cadmium, polychiorinated biphenyls, and fuel oil on experimentally exposed English sole (Parophrys vetulus ). CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1985., vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 1870-1880. Rc(uge/Physiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality. Rogers-C. Population dynamics of juvenile flatfish in the Grays Harbor estuary and adjacent nearshore area. PUBL WASH. SEA GRANT., WASHINGTON UNIV., SEA GRANT PROGRAM, SEATFLE, WA (USA), 1985., Vp. R.e1uge/Physiolo Physical Complexity, Bathytnetnc Features Salo-EO;. Final report for the period June 1, 1965-September 30, 1968, Estuarine Ecology Research Project Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., 98105. 1969. 80 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic. Sirnenstad-CA; Miller..BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan cle Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Bcnthic. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic Stegeman-JJ(ed). Toxic chemicals and abnormalities in fish and shellfish from urban bays of Puget Sound. RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS., MAR ENVIRON RES., vol. 14, no. 1-4, 1984., pp. 527-528. Refuge/Physiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality Stein.JE; Hom-T; Varanasi-U. Stimultaneous exposure of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) to sediment-associated xenobiotics: Part 1--Uptake and disposition of super(14)C. polychlorinated biphenyls and super(3)H.benzo(a)pyrene. MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1984., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 97-119. Rcfuge/PhysioIogy General. Water/Sediment Quality Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenstad-CA; Hampel -J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. 3. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-UW- 8413, Fish. Res. Inst., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Yoklavich-M. Growth, Food Consumption, and Conversion Efficiency of Juvenile English SOle (Parophrys vetulus) in Gutshop 81, Fish Food Habits Studies: Proceedings of the Third Pacific Workshop. Feeding: General, Temperature. GAD WALL Vermeer-K Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habitas of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60. Feeding: Plants, Emergent VascuIar Feeding: Plants. Macro Algae C-22 ------- GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULL Marsh-CP. Impact of avian predators of high intertidal limpet populations. J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL., 1986., vol. 104, no. 1-3, pp. 185-201. Feeding Invertebrates, Renthic Marsh-CP. Rocky intertidal community organization: The impact of avian predators on mussel recruitment. ECOLOGY., 1986., vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 771-786. Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnthic. Murphy-EC; Day-RH; Oakley-KL; Hoover-AA. Dietary changes and poor reproductive performance in glaucous-winged gulls. AUK., 1984., vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 532-541. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic. Roberts-B. Glaucous-winged gulls prey on feral rabbits on Middleton Island, Alaska. MURRELET., 1985., vol. 66, no. 1, p. 24. Fccding Vertebrates, Tcrrcsinal Wiens-JA; Ford-G; Heinemann-D; Pietruszka-C. Simulation modeling of marine bird population energetics, food consumption, and sensitivity to perturbation. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AlASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. ANNUAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 1980. VOLUME 1 RECEPTORS - BIRDS, PLANKTON, LITFORAL, BENTHOS., NOAA/OMP Re1ugefPio o General, Sound GRAY WHALE Oliver-iS; Slattery-PN; Silberstein-MA; OConnor-EF. Gray whale feeding on dense amphipod communities near Bamlield, British Columbia. CAN. J. ZOOL., 1984., vol. 62. pp 41-49. Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic GREAT BLUE HERON Bayer-RD. Shiner perch and Pacific staghorn sculpins in Yaquina Estuary, Oregon. NORTHWEST SCI., 1985., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 230-240. Feeding- Vertebrates., Demeraal Black-BB; Collopy-MW. Nocturnal activity of great blue herons in a north Florida salt marsh. i. FIELD ORNITHOL., 1982., vol. 53, no.4, pp. 403-406. Feeding- General. Light Blus-LJ; Henny-Ci; Anderson-A; Fitzner-RE. Reproduction, mortality, and heavy metal concentrations in great blue herons from three colonies in Washington and Idaho. COLONIAL WATERBIRDS., 1985., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 110-116. Reproduction. General, Water/Sediment Quality. Burger-i. Jamaica Bay studies. II. Effect of tidal, temporal and weather variables on distribution of ibises, egrets and herons on a coastal estuary. ACIA OECOL., OECOL. GEN., 1983., vol.4, no. 3, pp. 289-297. Rcfuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement Chapman-BA; Forbes-IS. Observations on detrimental effects of great blue herons on breeding black terns. J. FIELD ORNITI-1OL., 1984., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 251-252. Feeding- Vertebrates, Terrestrial C-23 ------- DesGranges-i-L. (Observations on the Feeding of the Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias in Quebec (Canada).). AL.AUDA., 1981., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 25-34. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Drapeau-P; McNeil-R; Burton-i. (The influence of human disturbance and the activity of the double- crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus , on the reproduction of the great blue heron Ardea herodias, in the Magdalen Islands.). CAN. FIELD..NAT., 1984., vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 219-222. Reproductioir General, Sound. Gibbs-JP; Woodward-S; Hunter-ML,Jr, Hutchinson-AE. Determinants of great blue heron colony distribution in coastal Maine. AUK., 1987., vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 38-47. Reproduction: Substrate, Ripanan Vegetation; Reproduction General. Sound. Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column, Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal. Powell-GVN; Powell-AH. Reproduction by great white herons Ardea herodias in Florida Bay as an indicator of habitat quality. BIOL. CONSERV., 1986., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 101-113. Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Quinney-TE. Comparison of great blue heron, Ardea herodias , reproduction at Boot Island and other Nova Scotia colonies. CAN. FIELD-NAT., 1983., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 275-278. Reproduction General, Sound GREAT SCULPIN Tokranov-AM. Feeding of the great Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus Pallas and plain M. jaok (Cuvier) (Cottidae) sculpins in the coastal Kamchatka waters. VOPR. IKHTIOL., 1986., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 980-989. Feeding: General. Temperature. Feeding: Vertebrates. Demersal. Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthie. Tokranov-AM. On the reproduction of the great sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas) (Cottidae) off Kamchatka. VOPR. IKHTIOL., 1984., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 601-608. Reproduction General, Temperature. Tokranov-AM. Reproduction of great sculpin, Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Cottidae), in Karnchatka waters. J. ICHTHYOL, 1984., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 119- 127. Reproduction: Substrate, Sediment. GREEN-WINGED TEAL Evans-PR; Goss-Cusiard-JD; Hale.WG(eds). Waterfowl movements in relation to food stocks. COASTAL WADERS AND WILDFOWL IN WINTER., 1983., pp. 84-100. Feeding: Plants, Submergent Vascular. Fox-AD. The breeding teal (Anas crecca ) of a coastal raised mire in central west Wales. BIRD STUD., 1986., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 18-23. Reproduction: Ejevation, Riparian. Hepp-GR. Effects of environmental parameters on the foraging behavior of three species of wintering dabbling ducks (Anatini). CAN. J. ZOOL, 1985., vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 289-294. Feeding: General, Temperature. C-24 ------- Neinhuis-PH; Groenendijk-AM. Consumption of eelgrass (Z.osera marina ) by birds and invertebrates: An annual budget. MAR. ECOL. (PROG. SER.)., 198., vol. 29, no. 1, PP. 29-35. Fecdrng- Plants, Subtnergent Vascular Vermeer-K Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habits of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60. Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular. HORNED GREBE Ulfvens-i. Mercury content in eggs of the great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus and the horned grebe Podiceps auritus in the archipelago of Korsnaes, Gulf of Bothnia. ORNIS FENN., 1986., vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 92-93. Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality KILLDEER Nol-E; Brooks-RJ Effects of predator exciosures on nesting success of kilideer. J. FIELD ORNITHOL., 1982., vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 263-268. Re1uge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief LEAST SANDPIPER Couch. Feeding Ecology of Four Species of Sandpipers in Western Washington MS Thesis, University of Washington. 1966. FeedingS Invertebrates, Benthic, Feeding Invertebrates, Ep benthic Gratto-GW; Thomas-MLH. Some aspects of the foraging ecology of migrant juvenile sandpipers in the outer Bay of Fundy. CAN. I. ZC)OL., 1984., vol. 62, no.9, pp. 1889-1892. Feeding- Invertebrates, flenthic LONGFJN SMELT Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Wesiwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic Lichatowicb-J; Bottorn-DL; .Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding Invertebrates, PeIag c MALLARD Albcrs-PH; Gay-ML. Unweathered and Weathered Aviation Kerosine: Chemical Characterization and Effects on Hatching Success of Duck Eggs. BULL ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1982., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 430-434. Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality Cavanaugh-KP. The effects of ingested petroleum on some endocrine mechanisms regulating reproductive cyclicity in mallard ducks. DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - Sd. & ENG., vol. 44, no. 6, 1983., 107 pp. Reproduction General. Water/Sediment Quality. C-is ------- Coon-NC; Dieter-MP. Responses of Adult Mallard Ducks to Ingested South Louisiana Crude Oil. ENVIRON. RES., 1981., voL 24, no.2, pp. 309-314. Refugc/Physioio General. Water/Sediment Quality; Repmductiow General, Water/Sediment Quality Euliss-NI-!; Grodhaus .G. Management of Midges and Other Invertebrates lot Waterfowl Wintering in California Calif. Fish and Game 73(4): 238-243 1987. Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustornr, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Gile-JD; Meyers.SM. Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL, 1986., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 751-756. Reproducuon: General, Water/Sediment Quality. Guilio-RTdi. Occurrence and toxicology of heavy metals in Chesapeake Bay waterfowl. DISS. ABST. INT. FT. B - SC!. & ENG., vol. 44, no. 1, 1983., 265 pp. Feeding: Gcncrai. Water/Sediment Quality Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program. 1984. Feeding: lnvcricbraics. Ncusionic Feeding: Plants. Emergent Vascular Heinz-GH. Mercury accumulation in mallards fed methylmercury with or without added DDE. ENVIRON. RES., 1987., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 372-376. Reproduction General. Water/Sediment Quality. Heinz-GH; Hoffman-DJ; Krynitsky-AJ; Weller-DMG. Reproduction in mallards fed selenium ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM., 1987., vol.6, no.6, pp. 423-433. Refuge/Physiolo General. Water/Sediment Quality Kalas-JA; Roalkvam-R. Feeding habits of breeding birds in a western Norwegian estuary. FAUNA NOR VEGICA, SER. C., 1983., vol.6, pp. 73-77. R.efuge/Physiolo r Physical Complexity. Water Movement Kaminsk-RM; Prince-HH. Dabbling Duck Activity and Foraging Responses to Aquatic Macroinvertebrates. AUK., 1981., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 115-126. Re1uge/Physiolo Biolog cal Complexity. Emergent Vasc. Plants. Kononen-DW; Hochstein-JR; Ringer ..RK. Avoidance behavior of mallards and northern bobwhite exposed to carbofuran-contaminated food and water. ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM., 1987., vol.6, no. 1, pp. 41-50. Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Mautino-M; Bell-JU. Hematological evaluation of lead intoxication in mallards. BULL. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1987., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 78-85. Rc1uge/Physiolo r General. Water/Sediment Quality. Meyers-SM; Gile.JD. Mallard reproductive testing in a pond environment: A preliminary study. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1986., vol. 15, no.6, pp. 757-761. Reproducitoir General. Water/Sediment Quality C-26 ------- Miller-DS; Kinter-WB; Peakall-DB. Effects of crude oil ingestion on immature Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus ). ANIMALS AS MONITORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS. SYMPOSIUM ON PATHOBIOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS: ANIMAL MODELS AND WILDLIFE AS MONITORS., 1979., pp. 27-40. Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Neinhuis-PH; Groenendijk-AM. Consumption of eelgrass (Zostera marina ) by birds and invertebrates: An annual budget. MAR. ECOL (PROG. SER.)., 198., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 29-35. Feeding- Plants, Submergent Vascular Rtsebrough-RW; Jarman-WM; Springer-AM; Walker-W,fl; Hunt-WG. A metabolic derivation of DDE from Kelthane. ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM., 1986., vol.5, no. 1, pp. 13-19. Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality Soliman-SA; Ahmed .NS; El-Gendy-KS; El.Barkary -AS; El-Sabae-H. Delayed neurotoxicity in the wild mallard duckling caused by the organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos. J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART B., 1986., vol. 21B, no.5, pp. 401-411. Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality Spann-JW; Heinz-GH; Hulse-cS. Reproduction and health of mallards fed endrin. ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM., 1986., vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 755.759 Reproduction General. Water/Sediment Quality; Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality Vermeer-K; Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habits of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60. Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular MERLIN Kus-BE; Ashman.P; Page-GW; Stenzel-LE. Age-related mortality in a wintering population of dunlin. AUK., 1984., vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 69.73. Feeding- Vertebrates, Terrestrial MEW GULL Goetmark.F. Food and foraging in five European Larus gulls in the breeding season: A comparative review. ORNIS FENN., 1984., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 9-18. Feeding- Vertebrates., Water Column, Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic. Vincent-T. The common gull Larus canus nesting in the Hode marshes (the Seine Estuary), western France. ALAUDA., 1985., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 69-71. Reproduction Elevation, Ripanan MUSKRAT Fuller-DA; Sasser-CE; iohnson.WB; Gosselink-JG. The effects of herbivory on vegetation on islands in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana. WETLANDS., 1984., vol. 4, pp. 105-114. Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular Hoffma- i-M. Distribution of the muskrat, Ondatra zibethica (L.) by ocean-currents. ANZ. SCHAEDLINGSKD. PFLANZENSCHUTZ UMWELTSCHUTZ., 1985., vol. 58, no.6, pp. 110-114. Refuge/Physiology Physical .Complexny, Water Movement C-27 ------- Howerton-.J. Key Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vasculai Refuge/Physiolo Biological Complexity, Emergent Vasc. Plants; Reproduction Substrate, Ripanan Vegetation. NORTHERN ANCHOVY Hose-JE; Stoffel-RJ; Zerba-KE. Behavioural responses of selected marine fishes to chlorinated seawater: MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1983.., vol.9, no. 1, pp. 37-59. Recuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality. Hunter-JR; Dorr-H. Thresholds for filter feeding northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax . REP. CCOFI., 1982., vol. 23, pp. 198-204. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic Richardson-SL. Spawning Biomass and Early Life of Northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax, in the Northern Subpopulation off Oregon and Washington. FISH. BULL., 1981., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 855-876. Reproduction General, Temperature. Reproduction General. Light Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79.259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI -UW -7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic FeedingS Invertebrates. Pelagic Vernberg-FI; Calabrese-A; Thurberg-FP; Vernberg-WB(eds). An ecological perspective of the effects of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fishes. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF MARINE POLLUTANTS., 1981., pp. 483-551. Refug/Physiolo r General, Water/Sediment Quality NORTHERN SEA LION Antonelis-GA,ir; Fiscus-CH. The Pinnipeds of the California Current. REP. CCOFI., 1980., vol. 21, pp. 68-78. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Frost-KJ; Lowry-LF. Sizes of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma , consumed by marine mammals in the Bering Sea. FISH. BULL., 1986., vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 192-1%. Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column Gearin-P; Pfeifer-B; Jeffries-S,. Observations on Sea Lion Abundance and Distribution in Puget Sound. Washington Department of Game. Fishery Management Report 86-20. 1986. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Jeffries-S. Marine mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. 1984., 95 pp. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Jeffries-S;. Marine Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. 48 pp. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. C-28 ------- Lowry-LF; Frost-K.J; Burns-JJ. Trophic relationships among ice-inhabiting phocid seals and functionally related marine mammals in the Bering Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. FINAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS. VOLUME 11- BIOLOGICAL STUDIES., NOAA/OMPA PRINC. INVEST. REP. ENVIRON. ASSESS. ALASKAN CONT. SHELF Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column McNeil-Wi; Himsworth-DC(eds). Marine mammal-salmonid irneractions: A review. PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON SALMONID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN., 1980., pp. 1.21-132. Feeding Vertebrates. Water Column Pitcher-KW. Prey of the Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, in Gulf of Alaska. FISH. BULL., 1981., vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 467-472. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column Pitcher-KW. Prey of the Steller Sea Lion, Eumetopias jubatus , in the Gulf of Alaska FISH. BULL. SEATTLE., 1981., vol. 79, no. 3, pp 467-472. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column Roffe-Ti; Mate-BR. Abundances and feeding habits of pinnipeds in the Rogue River, Oregon. I. WILDL. MANAGE., 1984., vol. 48, no 4, pp. 1262-1274. Feeding Vertebrates. Water Column NORThERN SQUAWFISH Andros-JD; Garton-RR. Acute lethality of copper, cadmium, and zinc to northern squawfish CERL, CORVALLIS, OR (USA), 1980., 6 pp. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality OSPREY Austin-Smith-Pi; Rhodenizer-G. Ospreys, Pandion haliaetus, relocate nests from power poles to substitute sites. CAN. FIELD-NAT., 1983., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 315-319. Reproduction. Elevation, R.iparian Levenson-H; Koplin-JR. Effects of human activity on productivity of nesting ospreys. J. WILDL. MANAGE., 1984., vol. 48, no.4, pp. 1374-1377. ReproductionS General, Sound Nordbakke-R. On the diet of the osprey Pandion haliaetus in Norway. FAUNA NOR VEGICA, SER. C., 1983., vol. 6, pp. 39-42. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column Poole-A. Brood Reduction in Temperate and Sub-Tropical Ospreys. OECOLOGIA., 1982., vol 53, no. 1, pp. 111-119. Feeding General, Light. Reproduction General, Light Reese-JG. Osprey Reproductive Success Along Choptank River, Maryland. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 369-373. Reproduction General, Sound, Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality Smith-GC. An analysis of prey remnants from osprey Pandion haliaetus and white-bellied sea-eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster feeding roosts. EMU., 1985., vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 198-200. C-29 ------- Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Wiemeycr-SN; Cromartie-E. Relationships Between Brain and Carcass Organochlorine Residues in Ospreys. BULL EMVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1981., vol. 27, no.4, Pp. 499-505. Reluge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality. PACIFIC COD Albers-WD; Anderson-Pi. Diet of Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, and predation on the northern pink shrimp, Pandalus borealis, in Paviof Bay, Alaska. FISH. BULL., 1985., vol. 83, no.4, pp. 601-610. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagir. Feeding: Invertebrates, &nthir Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Clausen .DM. Summer Food of Pacific Cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in Coastal Waters of Southeastern Alaska. FISH BULL (SEATTLE)., 1980., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 968-973. Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column, Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthic Clau.sen-DM. Summer Food of Pacific Cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in Coastal Waters of Southeastern Alaska. FISH. BULL, 1981., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 968-973. Feeding: Vcflebratcs, Water Column, Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL Anon. Factors affecting haul-out of harbor seals at a site in southeastern Massachusetts. J. MAMMAL., 1983., vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 318-520. Refuge/Physiolo r Physical Complexity. Water Movement. Re1uge/Physuology General. Sound. Rcrugc/Physiolo - General. Temperature. Beach-Ri; Geiger-AC; Jeifries-Si; Treacy-SD; Trout. Marine Mammals and their Interaction with Fisheries of the Columbia River and Adjacent Waters, 1980-1982. NWAFC Processed Report 85-04. NOAA, NMFS, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory. 1985. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column, Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal: Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenihic Brown-RF; Mate-BR. Abundance, movements, and feeding habits of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina , at Netarts and Tillamook bays, Oregon. FISH. BULL., 1983., vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 291-301. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Harms-U; Drescher-HE; Huschenbeth-E. Further Data on Heavy Metals and Organochlorines in Marine Mammals From German Coastal Waters. MEERESFORSCHUNG/REP. MAR. RES., 1978., vol. 26, no. 1-4, pp. 153-161. Refuge/Physiolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality. Hong-SK; Ashwell-Erickson-S; Giglioui-P; Elsner-R. Effects of anoxia and low pH on organic ion transport and electrolyte distribution in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) kidney slices. i. COMP. PHYSIOL, B., 1982., vol. 149B, no. 1, pp. 19-24. Retugc/Phyaiolo r General. Water/Sediment Quality Jeffries-S. Marine mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. 1984., 95 pp. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Jeffries-S;. Marine Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. 48 pp. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column; Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. C-30 ------- McNeil-WJ; Himsworth-DC(eds). Marine mammal-salmonid interactions: A review. PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON SALMONID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN., 1980., pp. 121-132. Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column Reijnders-PJH. On the Ecology of the Harbour Seal Phoca vitulina in the Wadden Sea: Population Dynamics. Residue Levels, and Management. VET. 0., 1982., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 36-42. Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Reijnders-PJH; Wollf-WJ(eds). Threats to the harbour seal population in the Wadden Sea. MARINE MAMMALS OF ThE WADDEN SEA. FINAL REPORT OF THE SECTION MARINE MAMMALS OF THE WADDEN SEA WORKING GROUP., 1981., pp. 38-47. Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality Renouf-D; Gaborko-L; Galway-G; Fmlayson-R. The effect of disturbance on the daily movements of harbour seals and grey seals between the sea and their hauling grounds at Miquelon. APPL. ANIM ETHOL., 1981., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 373-379. RcfugefPhysiology General, Sound Roffe-TJ; Mate-BR. Abundances and feeding habits of pinnipeds in the Rogue River, Oregon. J. WILDL. MANAGE., 1984., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1262-1274. Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column Slater-LM; Markowicz-H. Spring population trends in Phoca vitulina richardi in two central California coastal areas. CAUF. FISH GAME., 1983., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 217-226. Refuge/Physiology General, Sound Tracy-SD. Prey species of harbor seals in the Columbia River Estuary. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 276. Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column PACIFIC HERRING Brett-JR(ed). Factors influencing development and survival of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi ) eggs and larvae to beginning of exogenous feeding. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HERRING AND THEIR IMPLICATION FOR MANAGEMENT., CAN. .1. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., vol 42, no. suppl. 1, 1985., pp. 56-68. Reproduction- General, Temperature; Reproduction General, Salinity. Haegele-CW; Hamey-MJ. Shoreline vegetation of herring spawning grounds for Comox, Denman Island and Hornby Island. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCL, no. 1617, 1981., 45 pp. Reproduction Substrate, Macrn Algae Haegele-CW; Hamey-Mi. Shoreline vegetation on herring spawning grounds for Cumshewa Inlet, Queen Charlotte Islands. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1619, 1981., 29 pp. Reproduction Substrate, Macrn Algae. Haegele-CW; Hamey-MJ. Shoreline vegetation on herring spawning grounds in Kitkatla Channel, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1664, 1982., 31 pp. Reproduction Subsirate, Macto Algae C-31 ------- Hay-DE; Levings-CD; Haney-Mi. Distribution of a herring fishery relative to submerged vegetation, herring spawn distribution and ocenographic factors. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1760, 1984., 56 pp. Reproduction: Substrate, Macro Algae. Hourston-AS; Rosenthal-H; Westernhagen-Hvon. Condition at hatching of Pacific herring larvae from natural and artificial spawn of different intensities on a variety of substrates. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1045,1981., 29 pp. Reproduction Substrate, Macro Algae. Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Lichatowich-J; Bottom -DL; Jones-KK Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic. McGurk-MD. Effects of delayed feeding and temperature on the age of irreversible starvation and on the rates of growth and mortality of Pacific herring larvae. MAR. BIOL., 1984., vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 13-26. Reruge/Physiology General, Temperature. Schwarz-AL; Greer-GL. Responses of Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, to some underwater sounds. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1984., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1183-1192. Refuge/Physiology General, Sound. Simenstad-CA; Cordell.JR; Wissmar-RC; Fresh.KL; Schroder -SL Carr-M; Sanborn.G; Burg-ME. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI.UW- 8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenihic. Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe -LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7.79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FR!-UW-7914). 1979.335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthir, Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic. Sorokin-MA Penkin-SI. Effect of Low Frequency Acoustic Signals on the Behaviour of Pacific Herring. BIOL NAUKI., 1981., vol. 10, pp. 35-39. Refuge/Physiology General. Sound. Vernberg-FI; Calabrese-A; Thurberg-FP; Vernberg-WB(eds). An ecological perspective of the effects of rnonocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fishes. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF MARINE POLLUTANTS., 1981., pp. 483-551. Refuge/Physiology General. Waier/&diment Quality C-32 ------- PACIFIC SANDDAB Lasker.R; Sherman-K(eds). Fate of Post-L.arval Bottom Fishes in a Highly Urbanized Coastal Zone. THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P-V. REUN. CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp. 104-111. R 1uge/ Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Pugel Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979.335 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates Epibcnthic. PACIFIC SAND LANCE Birtwell-IK; Nelles-S; Harbo-RM. A brief investigation of fish in the surface waters of the Somass River Estuary. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., no. 1744, 1983., Ylpp. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality Pearson-WH; Woodruff-DL; Sugarman-PC; Olla-BL. The burrowing behavior of sand lance, Ammodytes hexapterus: Effects of oil-contaminated sediment. MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1984., vol. 11, no. 1, Pp. 17-32. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality Pinto-iA; Pearson-WH; Anderson-JW. Sediment preferences and oil contamination in the Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus. MAR. BIOL., 1984., vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 193-204. R.cIugcfPhysiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Sinienstad-CA; Cordell-JR; Wissmar-RC; Fresh-KL; Schroder-SL Carr-M; Sanborn-G; Burg-ME. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI-U W- 8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenthic. Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagir. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibcnihic. PACIFIC STAGHORN SCULPIN Birtwell-LK; Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1799, 1984., 58 PP. Feeding- Invertebrates. &nthic Boese-BL; Johnson-VG; Chapman-DE; Ridlington-JW; Randall-R. Effects of petroleum refinery wa tewater exposure on gill ATPase and selected blood parameters in the Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus arznatus). COMP. BIOCHEM. PHYSIOL, C., 1982., vol. 71C, no. 1, pp. 63-67. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality C-33 ------- Boese-BL; Johnson-VG; Chapman-DE; Ridlington-JW; Randall-R. Effects of Petroleum Refinery Wastwater Exposure on Gill ATPase and Selected Blood Parameters in the Pacific Staghorn Sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) . COMP. BIOCHEM. PHYSIOL. (C)., 1982., vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 63-67. Refuge/Pbysiolo r General, Water/Sediment Quality. Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K Mathiesen-L Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978.229 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnlhic Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenihic Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Vertebrates, Demcrsal, Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic. Mace-PM. Predator-prey functional responses and predation by staghorn sculpins (Leptocottus armatus) on chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta). DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - Sd. & ENG., vol. 44, no. 7, 1984., Vp. Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column. McCain-BB; Myers-MS; Brown-DW; Rhodes-LD; Landahl-JT; Chan-S-L; MaIms-DC. Diseases of marine fishes in Puget Sound and relationships to pollution. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AQUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND, B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (np). Rcfuge/PhysioIo General, Water/Sediment Quality Peterson-CH; Ouammen-ML. Siphon nipping: Its importance to small fishes and its impact on growth of the bivalve Protothaca staminea (Conrad). J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL, 1982., vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 249-268. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic Ridlington-JW; Chapman-DE; Boese-BL Johnson-VG; Randall-R. Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Induction of the Hepatic Mixed-Function Oxidase System in Pacific Staghorn Sculpin. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL, 1982., vol. 11, no.1, pp. 123-127. Re(uge/Physlolo1j General, Water/Sediment Quality. Salo-EO;. Final report for the period June 1, 1965-September 30, 1968, Estuarine Ecology Research Project Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., 98105. 1969. 80 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Senthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe.LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthic Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal, Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic C-34 ------- Smith-JE. Seasonality, spatial dispersion patterns and migration of benthic invertebrates in an intertidal marsh-sand flat system of Puget Sound, Washington, and their relation to waterfowl foraging and the feed Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 177 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic Woif-EG; Morson-B; Fucik-KW. Preliminary studies of food habits of juvenile fish, China Poot Marsh and Potter Marsh, Alaska, 1978. ESTUARIES., 1983., vol.6, no. 2, pp. 102-114. Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic. PACIFIC TOMCOD Fresh-KL; Rabin.D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic; Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding- Vertebrates, Demersal, Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthuc Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA -600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epubenihic PADDED SCULPIN Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DCC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic. PENPOINT GUNNEL Simenstad.CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979.335 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenstad-CA; Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. J. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-UW. 8413, Fish. Res. Inst., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenthir PILE PERCH Birtwell- 1K Nelles-S; Harbo-RM. A brief investigation of fish in the surface waters of the Somass River Estuary. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no, 1744, 1983., 37 pp. RefugefPhysiolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality. C-35 ------- Hose-JE; Stoffel-R.J; Zerba-KE. Behavioural responses of selected marine fishes to chlorinated seawater. MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1983., voL 9, no. 1, Pp. 37.59. R ,e1uge/PhysioIo r General, Water/Sedimeni Quality. Hueckel-GJ; Stayton-RL. Fish foraging on an artificial reef in Puget Sound, Washington. MAR. FISH. REV., 1982., vol. 44, no. 6-7, pp. 38-44. RerugefPhysioIo Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features. Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7 .79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding Inveitebrates. Epibenlhic Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnthic. PINK SALMON Bailey-JE; Wing-BL; Hanson-i. Juvenile Pacific sandfish, Trichodon trichodon , associated with pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, fry in a rocky nearshore area, southeastern Alaska. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 286. Feeding Invertebrates. Epibenthic, Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic Cooney-RT; Urquhart-D; Bernard-D. The Behavior, Feeding Biology, and Growth of Hatchery Released Pink and Chum Salmon Fry in Prince William Sound, Alaska. A1..ASKA SEA GRANT REP. ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM ALASKA UNIV., ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM FAIRBANKS, AK (USA), 1981., 121 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic. Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic, Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthuc Girsa-Il; Zhuravel-VN; Lapin-YuYe. Salinity preferences of juvenile whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, cisco, Coregonus sardinelia marisaibi , and the pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha , from the White Sea basin. J. ICHTHYOL 1980., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 138-148. Refugc/Physiolo j General, Salinity. Godin-J-Gi. Temporal variations in daily patterns of swimming activity and vertical distribution in juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ). CAN. 3. ZOOL., 1984., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 72- 79. Re(uge/Physiolog - General. Light Godin-JGJ. Circadian Rhythm of Swimming Activity in Juvenile Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ). MAR. BIOL., 1981., vol. 64, no.3, pp. 341-349. Rcfuge/Physiology General, Light. Irie-T; Kobayashi-T; Osako-M. Ecological studies on juveniles of chum and pink salmon during early ocean residence. 1. Distribution and behavior of the juveniles in Abashiri Bay and the adjacent waters. BULL HOKKAIDO REG. FISH. RES. LAB., 1981., no. 46, pp. 15-36. Refuge/Physiolo r General, Salunity Re1uge/Phymolo General, Temperature Karpenko-VI. Diurnal feeding rhythm of young salmon during the initial stage of marine life. J. ICHTHYOL., 1982., vol. 22, no.2, pp. 131-134. Feeding General, Temperature C-36 ------- Karpenko-VI. Food Supply and Feeding of Young Pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) and Chum Oncorhychus keta (Walbaum) Salmons in the Coastal Waters of the Karaginsk Bay of the Bering Sea. VOPR. !KHTIOL., 1981., vol. 21, no.4, pp. 675-686 Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic Karpenko-VI; Piskunova-LV. On the role of macroplankton in the feeding and trophic relationships in young salmons from the genus Oncorhynchus (Salxnonidae) from the southwestern Bering Sea. VOPR. IHKTIOL., 1984., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 759-766. Feeding Invertebrates., Benthic; Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding Vertebrates. Water Column Levings-CD. Feeding ecology of juvenile salmonids at three contrasting habitats at the Freser River Estuary, B.C. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 243. Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic Levings-CD. Juvenile salmonid use of habitats altered by a coal port in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. MAR. POLLUT. BULL., 1985., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 248-254. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile Salmon Residency in a Marsh Area of the Fraser River Estuary. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1982., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 270-276. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada 1979. 70 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic Prmslow-TE; Whitmus-Ci; Dawson-JJ; Bax-NJ; Snyder-BP; Salo-EO. Effects of wharf lighting on outmigrating salmon, 1979 Fin. Rep. FRI-UW-8007, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1980. 137 pp. Feeding General. Light, Refuge/Physiology General, light Shershnev.AP; Chupakhin-VM; Rudnev-VA. Ecology of juvenile pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Salmonidae) from Sakhalin and Iturup islands during the marine period of life. J. ICHTHYOL., 1982., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 90-97. - Feeding Invertebrates., Benthic. Shuntov-VP(ed). Distribution and Some Biological Features of Young Pink and Chum Salmons in the Inshore Waters of Iturup Island. (BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE KUROSHIO AND ADJACENT WATERS.) IZV. TINRO., 1980., vol. 104, TINRO, VLADIVOSTOK (USSR), 1980., pp. 116-121. Refuge! Physiology General, Salinity, Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature. Shuntov-VP(ed). Food Composition of the South Kuril Pink Salmon in the Southern Part of the Feeding Area and Off Iturup Island. (BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE KUROSHIO AND ADJACENT WATERS.)., IZV TINRO., vol. 104, TINRO, VLADIVOSTOK (USSR), 1980., pp. 113-115. Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column Simenstad-CA. Prey organisms and prey community composition of juvenile saimonids in Hood Canal, Washington. in C. A. Simenstad and S. J. Lipovsky (eds.), Proc. Fish Food Habits Studies; 1st Pac. NW Tech., Oct. 1976, Workshop, Astoria, Ore., Wash. Sea Grant Pubi. WSG-WO 77-2, Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1977. C-37 ------- Fceding: Invertebrate,.. Epibcnthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagtc. Simen.stad-CA; Kinney-Wi; Parker-SS; Salo-EO; Cordell.JR; Buechner-H. Prey community structure and trophic ecology of outmigrating juvenile chum and pink salmon in Hood Canal, Washington: A synthesis of three years studies, 1977-1979 Fin. Rep. FRI-U W-8026, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1980. 11.3 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthiq Feeding: Ivertebrates, Pelagic. Simenstad-CA; MilIer-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoc-LI. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979.335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Vernberg-FJ; Thurberg-FP; Calabrese-A; Vernberg-WB(eds). Contribution of phenol and p-cresol to the toxicity of crude oil to pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) fry and kelp shrimp (Eualus suckleyi ). MARINE POLLUTION AND PHYSIOLOGY: RECENT ADVANCES., BELLE W. BARUCH LIBR. MAR. SCI., 1985., no. 13, 1985., pp. 447-458. Rc(ugc/Phyaiology Gcncral, Watcr/Scdimcnt Quality Vernberg-FJ; Thurberg-FP; Calabrese-A; Vernberg-WB(eds). Effect of oil-contaminated prey on the feeding and growth rate of pink salmon fry (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ). MARINE POLLUTION AND PHYSIOLOGY: RECENT ADVANCES., BELLE W. BARUCH LIBR. MAR. SC!., 1985., no. 13, 1985., pp. 459-476. Feeding: General. Water/Sediment Quality Weitkamp-DE; Schadt-TH. 1980 Juvenile salmonid study Doc. 82-0415-012F to Port Seattle, Parametrix, Inc ., Bellevue, WA. 1982. 43 pp + append. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthuc Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic. Wertheimer-AC. Maturation success of pink and coho salmon held under three salinity regimes. SALMONID REPRODUCIION: AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM., PUBL. WASH. SEA GRANT., (1983)., p. 32. Reproduction: General. Salinity Wertheimer-AC. Maturation success of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and coho salmon (0. kisutch) held under three salinity regimes. AQUACULTURE., 1984., vol. 43, no. 1-3, pp. 195. 212. Repmduction General, Water/Sediment Quality. PRICKLY SCULPIN Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal, Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic C-38 ------- RACCOON Abele-LG; Campanella-Pi; Salmon-M. Natural history and social organization of the semiterrestrial grapsid crab Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL., 1986., vol. 104, no. 1-3, pp. 153-170. Fecdinr Invertebrates, Benthic. Howerton-J. Key Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. FeedinW Invertebrates, Benthic. Feeding Vertebrates, Dcmersal, FeedingS Vertebrates. Terrestnal RED-BREASTED MERGANSER Sjoeberg-K. Foraging activity patterns in the goosander (Mergus merganser) and the red-breasted merganser (M. serrator) in relation to patterns of activity in their major prey species. OECOLOGIA., 1985., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 35-39. Feedung Vertebrates, Demersal RED ROCK CRAB Boulding-EG; Hay-TK. Crab response to prey density can result in density-dependent mortality of clams CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1984., vol 4, no 3, pp 521-525 Fceding Invertebrates. Epibenthic Palmer-AR. Adaptive value of shell variation in Thais tamellosa: Effect of thick shells on vulnerability to and preference by crabs. VELIGER., 1985., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 349-356. Fccdinr Invertebrates. Benthic Ruxnrill-SS; Pennington-JT; Chia-FS. Differential susceptibility of marine invertebrate larvae: Laboratory predation of sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz), embryos and larvae by zoeae of the red crab, Cancer productus Rand J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL., 1985., vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 193-208. Fecding Invertebrates, Pelagic RED-TAIL HAWK Chaplin-SB; Diesel-DA; Kasparie-JA. Body temperature regulation in red-tailed hawks and great horned owls: Responses to air temperature and food deprivation. CONDOR., 1984., vol. 86, no. 2. pp. 175-181. Re1uge/Physiology General, Temperature. REDWING BLACKBIRD Schafer-EW,Jr; Bowles-WA,Jr; Hurlbut-J. The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of 998 chemicals to one or more species of wild and domestic birds. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1983., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 355-382. RcIugcf Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality RIVER LAMPREY Anon.. Notes on the marine life of the river lamprey, Lampetra ayresi, in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, and the Columbia River estuary. FISH. BULL., 1983., vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 165-167. Refuge/Physiology- General, Salinity. C-39 ------- Stewart-D. Salmon, herring lost to ancient predator. WEST. FISH., 1981., vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 44-47. Feeding Vertebrates. Water Column. ROCK SOLE Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Sirnenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthtc Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthtc Feeding: Plants, MacTo Algae. McCain-BB; Myers-MS; Brown-DW; Rhodes-LD; Landahl-JT; Chan-S-L; Maims-DC. Diseases of marine fishes in Puget Sound and relationships to pollution. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AQUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND, B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (np). Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality. Simenstad-CA; Miller.BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe.LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7.79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W.7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthic Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibcnthic. Wesirheim-Si; Harling.WR. Principal prey species and periodicity of their incidence in stomachs of trawl-caught Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus ), rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata ), and petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) land CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1681, 1983., 42 pp. Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal. Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column. Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic. SAND SOLE Baalman-RW(ed). The sea surface: Fate and biological effects of mixed contaminants. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ON COMPLEX ORGANIC MIXTURES., 1985., vol. 29, pp. 29-30. Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Hardy-JT; Crecelius-EA; Kocan-R. Concentration and toxicity of sea-surface contaminants in Puget Sound. 1986., 51 pp. Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality Hardy-JT; Crecelius-EA; Long-E; Kiesser SL; Stubin-Al. Sea surface: Fate and biological effects of mixed contaminants. OAD/NOS, SEATTLE, WA (USA), 1985., 26 pp. Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality. Hogue-EW; Carey-AG,Jr. Feeding ecology of 0-age flatfishes at a nursery ground on the Oregon coast. FISH. BULL, 1982., vol. 80, no.3, pp. 555-565. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Rogers-C. Population dynamics of juvenile flatfish in the Grays Harbor estuary and adjacent nearshore area. PUBL. WASH. SEA GRANT., WASHINGTON UNIV., SEA GRANT PROGRAM, SEATTLE, WA (USA), 1985., Vp. Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features. C-40 ------- Sirnenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-U. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding- Invenebrates, Epibcnthic SAVANNAH SPARROW Davis-SD; Wiiliams-JB; Adams-Wi, Brown-SL. The effect of egg temperature on attentiveness in the Beldings savannah sparrow. AUK., 1984., vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 556-566. Reproduction General. Temperature Meunier-M; Bedard-J. Nestling foods of the savannah sparrow. CAN. J. ZOOL., 1984., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 23-27. Feeding- Invertebrates. Neiasio uc Bedard-J; LaPointe-G. The s.a annah sparrow territorial system- Can habitat features be related to breeding success. CAN 1 ZOOL., 1984., vol. 62, no- 9, pp. 1819-1828. Reproduction E1cvatio t kap.riaa Reproduction Substrate, Ripanan Vegeiation SHINER PERCH Bayer-RD. Shallow-water intertidal ichihyofauna of the Yaquina Estuary, Oregon. NORTHWEST SCL, 1981., vol 55, no. 3, pp 182-193. ReIuge/Physiology- General. Light. ReFuge/Physiology- Biological Complexity, Submergent Vasc Plants Biriwell-IK; Nelles-S; Harbo-RM A brief investigation of fish in the surface waters of the Somass River Estuary CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1744,1983., 37 pp Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality Birtwell-LK Wood-M, Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1799, 1984., 58 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagie Feeding- Invertebrates, Epubcnthic Ozretich-RJ; Randall-RC; Boese-BL; Schroeder-WP; Smith-JR. Acute toxicity of butylbenzyl phthalate to shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata ). ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL, 1983., vol. 12, no- 6, pp. 655-660. ReFugefPhysiolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality Shrode-JB; Purcell-U; Stephen.s-JS,Jr. Ontogeny of thermal preference in four species of viviparous fishes (Embiotocidae). ENVIRON. BIOL. FISH., 1983., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 71-76. Refuge/Physiology- General. Temperature Shrode-JB; Zerba-KE; Stephens-JS,Jr. Ecological significance of temperature tolerance and preference of some inshore California fishes. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1982., vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 45-51. Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature C-41 ------- Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenstad.CA; Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. J. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-U W- 8413, Fish. Res. Insi, School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se Feeding: Invertebrates. Ep.beniksc SHORT-BILLED DO%S1TCHER Grant-J. Sediment microtopograph and shorebird foraging. MAR. ECOL. (FROG. SER.)., 1984., vol. 19, no.3, pp. 293.2% Feeding: General. W.,er SeJ. iee, Oualiiy Quammen-ML. Influence of sukk substrate differences on feeding by shorebirds on intertidal mudflats. MAR. BIOL. l C.. vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 339-343 Feeding: Invertebraies I pst exiIi Quammen-ML Predation hs shorebirds., fish, and crabs on invertebrates in intertidal mudflats: An experimental test ECOLO(JY., 1984., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 529-537. Feeding: Invertebratei. Lpsricniluc SNAKE PRICKLEBACK Simenstad-CA; Miller.BS; Nvblade .CF, Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe.Li. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Bcnthic SOFI SCULPIN Lasker-R; Sherman-K(eds). Vertical Migrations and Larval Settlement in Gilbertidia sigalutes , F. Cottidae. THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P.-V. REUN. CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp. 349-351. Refue/PhystoIo Physical Complexity. Water Movement. SONG SPARROW Collins-iN; Resh-VH. Utilization of natural and man-made habitats by the salt marsh song sparrow, Melospiza melodia samuelis (Baird). CALIF. FISH GAME., 1985., vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 40-52. Refugc/PhystoIo Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features; Reproduction Substrate. Ripanan Vegetation: Reproduction Elevation. Ripanan Wingfield-JC. Influences of weather on reproductive function in male song sparrows, Melospiza melodia . J. ZOOL., 1985., vol. 205, no. 4, pp. 525-544. Reproduction Gencrat.Temperaiure C-42 ------- SPECKLED SANDDAB Hogue-EW; Carey-AG,Jr. Feeding ecology of 0-age flatfishes at a nursery ground on the Oregon coast. FISH. BULL., 1982., vol. 80, no.3, pp. 555-565. Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic Lasker-R; Sherman-K(eds). Fate of Post-Larval Bottom Fishes in a Highly Urbanized Coastal Zone. THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P.-V. REUN. CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp. 104-111. Refuge/Physiology General, water/Sediment Quality. Lasker-R; Sherman-K(eds). Fate of Post-Larval Bottom Fishes in a Highly Urbanized Coastal Zone. THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P..V. REUN. CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp. 104-111. Refuge/Physiology- Genera!, Water/Sediment Quality. Salazar-MH; Salazar-SM. Ecological evaluation of organotin-contaminated sediment. TECH. REP U.S. NAy. OCEAN SYST. CENT., NOSC, SAN DIEGO, CA (USA), 1986., 25 pp. Rcfugc/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-U. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W-79]4). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenthte Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic Spies-RB; Felton-JS; Dillard-L. Hepatic mixed-function oxidases in California flatfishes are increased in contaminated environments and by oil and PCB ingestion. MAR. BIOL., 1982 , vol 70, no. 2 ,pp 117-127. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality STARRY FLOUNDER Birtwell-LK; Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1799, 1984., 58 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic. Campana-SE. Mortality of starry flounders (Platichthys stellatus ) with skin tumors. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1983., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 200-207. ReIiige/Physiolog>- General. Water/Sediment Quality Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., CoIl. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding Invcrtebjates, Bcnthiq Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibcnthic Fukuyama-AK; Oliver-iS. Sea star and walrus predation on bivalves in Norton Sound, Bering Sea, Alaska. OPH ELLA., 1985., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 17-36. Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibcnthic C-43 ------- Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Lichatowich-J; Bouom-DL; Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic. McCain-BB; Myers-MS; Brown-DW; Rhodes-LD; Landahl-JT; Chan-S-L; Maims-DC. Diseases of marine fishes in Puget Sound and relationships to pollution. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AQUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND, B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (np). R fuge/Physiolo y General. Water/Sediment Quality. Moore.MN(ed). Reproductive success, zenobiotic contaminants and hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity in Platichthys scellatus populations from San Francisco Bay. RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS., MAR. ENVIRON. RES., vol. 17, no. 2-4, 1985., pp. 117-121. Refuge/Physsolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality Salo-EO;. Final report for the period June 1, 1965-September 30, 1968, Estuarine Ecology Research Project Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., 98105. 1969. 80 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Ucnthic Feeding invertebrates. Epibcnlhic Simenstad-CA; MiIier-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh.K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic Feeding Invertebrates, Epubenthic-. Feeding Vertebrates, Demersal. Spies-R; Rice-D; Ireland-P.; Beach-i. Pollutant body burdens and reproduction in Platichihys stellatus from San Francisco Bay. Annual progress report, year 1. 1983., 40 pp. Rc(uge/Phystoio r General. Water/Sedimenu Quality. Vernbcrg-FI; Calabrese-A; Thurberg-FP; Vernberg-WB(eds). An ecological perspective of the effects of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fishes. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF MARINE POLLUTANTS., 1981., pp. 483-551. Rc(uge/Physiolo ,: General. Water/Sediment Quality STEELHEAD (RAINBOW) TROUT Fresh-KL Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; SaIo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathieseri-L. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic; Feeding Vertebrates, Dcmcraat. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column. Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Patlan-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the Duwamish Estuary, Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington. 42 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenihic; Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic; Feeding Invcnebrates. -Ncustonic C-44 ------- STRIPED SEAPERCH Ebeling-AW; Laur-DR. The influence of plant cover on surfperch abundance at an offshore temperate reef. ENVIRON. BIOL. FISH., 1985., vol 12, no. 3, pp. 169-179. Reluge/Physiologir Biological Complexity. Macro Algae Hueckel-Gi; Stayton -RL. Fish foraging on an artificial reef in Puget Sound, Washington. MAR. FISH. REV., 1982., vol. 44, no. 6-7, pp. 38-44. Re1ug/Physiolo Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Schmitt-RJ; Coyer-JA. The foraging ecology of sympatric marine fish in the genus Embiotoca (Embiotocidae): Importance of foraring behavior in prey size selection. OECOLOGIA., 1982., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 369-378. Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic Schmitt-RJ; Holbrook-Si. Seasonally fluctuating resources and temporal variability of interspecific competition. OECOLOGIA., 1986., vol 69, no- 1, pp 1-11. ReIuge/Ptiysiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenthie STURGEON POACHER Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenscad-CA, Hampel-J; Cordell-JR, Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. Sin K. K Chew and 0. J. Stobei (Prin. Invest.), Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahursc Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-U W- 8413, Fish. Res. Inst., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthuc SURF SMELT Hawkes-JW; Stehr-CM. Cytopathology of the Brain and Retina of Embryonic Surf Smelt (Hypomesus pretisus) Exposed to Crude Oil. ENVIRON. RES., 1982., vol. 27, no. 1, Pp. 164-178. Re1uge/Physiolog General. Water/Sediment Quality Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; iones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic. Maims-DC; Hidgins-HO; McCain-BB, Weber-DD; Varanasi-U; Brown-DW. Sublethal effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals, -including biotransforrnations, as reflected by morphological, chemical, physiological, pathological, and behavioral indices. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. ANNUAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 1980. VOLUME 3: EFFECTS, CONTAMINANT BASELINES., NOAA/OMPA, BOULDER, CO ( Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality C-45 ------- Penttila-D.. Studies of the surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) in Puget Sound. Wash. Dept. Fish. Tech. Rept. 42: 47 pp. Reproduction: Substrate, Sediment; Reproduction: General, Temperature; Reproductioiv Elevation, Intertidal. Sirnenstad-CA; Cordell-JR; Wissmar-RC; Fresh-KL Schroder-SL Carr-M; Sanborn-G; Burg-ME. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI-UW- 8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic. Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W.7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding Invertebrates., Eptbenthic; Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic. THREESPINE STICKLEBACK Allen-iA; Barnett-PRO; Boyd-3M; Mackay-DW; Smyth-JC(eds). The status of fish populations in the Clyde Estuary. THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE ESTUARY AND FIRTH OF CLYDE., PROC. R. SOC. EDINS., SECT. B., vol. 90, 1986., pp. 157-170. Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality Audet-C; FitzGerald-Gi; Guderley-H. Environmental control of salinity preferences in four sympatric species of sticklebacks: Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, Pungitius pungitius and Apeltes quadracus . J. FISH BIOL, 1986., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 725-739. Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity; Rctuge/Physiology General, Temperature, Refuge/Physiology General, Light. Audet-C; FitzGerald-GJ; Guderley-H. Salinity preferences of four sympatric species of sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) during their reproductive season. COPELA., 1985., no. 1, pp. 209-213. Reruge/Physiology- General. Salinity Bircwell-LK; Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., no. 1799, 1984., 58 pp. Feeding Invertebrates, Benihic Cardwell-RD; Purdy-R; Bahner-RC(eds). An overview of biological effects testing in Puget Sound, Washington: Methods, results, and implications. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT: SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM. A SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY ASTM COMMITTEE E-47 ON BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FATE, MILWAUKEE, WISC., 17-19 APRIL 1983., ASTM SPEC. Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality. Henning-R; Zander-CD. On the Biology and Food of Small-Sized Fish From the North and Baltic Sea Area. 3. The Colonization of a Freshwater Mud Flat of the Elbe River by Euryhaline Fish. ARCH. HYDROBIOL. (SUPPL.)., 1981., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 487-505. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenihic. Hutcheson-MS. Toxicological effects of potash brine on Bay of Fundy marine organisms. MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1983., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 237-255. Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality. C-46 ------- Lachance-S; Magnan-P; FitzGerald-GJ. Temperature preferences of three sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). CAN. .1. ZOOL./J. CAN. ZOOL., 1987., vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 1573-1576. Refuge/Phystolog - General. Temperature. Lacroix-G; Bourge t.E; Therriault-J-C(eds). The activity budget and behavior patterns of female threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus (L), in a Quebec tidal salt marsh. ST. LAWRENCE ESTUARY: OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES., NAT. CAN., vol 112, no. 1, 1985., pp. 11.3-118. ReIuge/Physiologj- General. Temperature, Rt(uge/Phys olog General, Water/Sediment Quality Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada 1979. 70 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenihic Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL: Jnnc .KK. Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary Columbia River Estuary DaLa Dc cltipmcnt Program. 1984. Feeding- Invertebrates Pciapc Feeding Invertebrates. Epibenihic Schreier-H; Northcote-TG. HalI.K Trace metals in fish exposed to asbestos rich sediments. WATER AIR SOIL POLLUT.. l 7. , ol 35, no. 3-4, pp. 279-291. Reluge/Phystology General aic:,Scdiment Quality Simenstad-CA; Cordell-JR; Wsssmar.RC; Fresh-KL; Schroder-SL Carr-M; Sanborn-G; Burg-ME. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilia Ba) National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI-U W- 8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch Feeding- Invertebrates. Eptbenthic Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-U. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA .600/7-79.259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914), 1979. 335 pp. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthir. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic Snyder-Ri. Seasonal variation in the diet of the three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Contra Costa County, California. CALIF. FISH GAME., 1984., vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 167-172. Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic. Feeding- Invertebrates, Neustonic Soin-SG; Danil chenko-OP; Khandal-AS. Combined effect of salinity and triethyl stannic chloride on the development of the marine forms of three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Gasterosteidae). J. ICHTHYOL., 1984., vol. 24, no.4, pp. 26-34. Reproduction General, Salinity Vsser-M. Prey selection by the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). OECOLOGLA., 1982., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 395-402. Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic TOWNSEND VOLE lain-Mi; Krebs-CJ. Predation, cover, and food manipulations during a spring decline of Microtus townsendii. J. ANIM. ECOL., 1983., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 837-848 RcIuge/Fhysiolog)- Biological Complexity. Emergent Vase Plants C-47 ------- Howerton-J. Key Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984. Feeding: Plants. Emergent Vascular, R fuge h olo Biologicsl Complexity. Emergent Vasc. Plants; Reproduction. Substraic, Riparian Vegetation. Taitt-MJ; Gipps-JHW; Krebs -CJ; Dundjerski.Z. The Effect of Extra Food and Cover on Declining Populations of Microtus townsendii. CAN. 3. ZOOL., 1981., vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 1593-1599. Re1uge/Physuolo - Biological Complexity, Emergent Vase. Plants. TUBE.SNOUT Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade -CF; Tbornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epiteathic Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenstad-CA. Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol IV. Sect 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. 3. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-U W- 8413, Fish. Res. Inst., School Fuh. Un. Wash., Sc Feeding: Invertebrates. Ep t catPiuc WALLEYE POLLOCK Maeda-T; Takahashi-T; Ueno-M. Ecological studies on the Alaska pollack in the adjacent waters of the Funka Bay. Hokkaido. 4. Seasonal variations of zooplankton distribution in food for the Alaska pollack. BULL JAP. SOC. SC!. FISH./N1SSUISHI., 1980., vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 67 1-674. Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic Nakatani-T; Maeda-T. Distribution of walleyc pollock larvae and their food supply in Funka Bay and the adjacent waters, Hokkaido BULL. JAP. SOC. SC!. FISH./NISSUISHI., 1983., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 183-187. Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic Nishiyama-T; Hirano-K. Prey size and weight relations in larval walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). BULL PLANKTON SOC. JAPAN/NIHON PURANKUTON GAKKAIHO., 1985., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 45-59. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic. Paul-AJ. Light, temperature, nauplii concentrations, and prey capture by first feeding pollock larvae Theragra chalcogramma . MAR ECOL. (PROGR. SER.)., 1983., vol. 13, no. 2/3, pp. 175-179. Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic Feeding: General. Light Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-U Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic Zverkova-LM; Sapronova-RK. Some morphological and ecologo-physiological characteristics of young Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) (Gadidae). VOPR. IKI-ITIOL., 1986., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 232-238. Refuge/Physiolo General. Temperature C-48 ------- WESTERN GREBE Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program. 1984. Feeding Vertebratc5. Water Column White-DH; Mitchell-CA; Kaiser-TE. Temporal accumulation of organochiorine pesticides in shorebirds wintering on the south Texas coast, 1979-80. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1983., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 241-245. RetugcfPhys,ologj - Gencral, Water/Sediment Quality WESTERN SANDPIPER Couch. Feeding Ecology of Four Species of Sandpipers in Western Washington MS Thesis, University of Washington. 1966. Feeding- Invertebrates. Bcnthic, Feeding- invertebrates, Epibcnthic Quammen-ML. Influence of subtle substrate differences on feeding by shorebirds on intertidal mudflats. MAR. BIOL., 1982., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 339-343. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibcnthic. Feeding- General. Water/Sediment Quality. White-DH; Mitchell-CA; Kaiser-TE. Temporal accumulation of organochlorine pesticides in shorebirds wintering on the south Texas coast, 1979-80. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1983., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 241-245. Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality WHITESPOTFED GREENLING Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade .CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-L1. Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ Wash., Seattle, WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp. Feeding invertebrates, Epibenthic. Feeding- invertebrates. Pelagic. Feeding Invertebrates. Benthic C-49 ------- SUPPLEMENT 4. ATTRIBUTE DATA QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS Following the Matrix II survey which identified specific attributes of escuarine wetland habitats important to fish and wildlife, a questionaire was circulated to regional experts on these attributes. Respondents were selected for their experience in field research of these attributes and questionaires were specific to their respective areas of expertise. Data on attributes was collected relative to sampling methodolgy and data handling, occurence, habitat characteristics and ecology, as well as technical literature references where this data was published. The following section reports the responses to this questionaire, sorted by attribute name. ------- Alnus rubra GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: variable TEMPERATURE: variable SALINITY: variable FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable (characteristic of estuarine marshes along the northern Pacific coast of North America) BIOMASS LEVELS, variable (characteristic of estuarine marshes along the northern Pacific coast of North America) SEASONALITY: variable (characteristic of estuarine marshes along the northern Pacific coast of North America) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats systematically located (5-lOm intervals) along transects; % cover of all vascular plants estimated; leveling survey of quadrat elevation (w.r.t. chart datum); soil samples collected DESIGN: transects located subjectivly to represent total vegetation variation in marsh; soil samples randomly collected within plant communities REPLICATION: a function of vegetation variation (5-20 transectsper marsh); 75-300 quadrats per marsh, 3-5 soil samples per community DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: disk files & magnetic tapes used on University of British Columbia mainframe AMDAHL (= IBM) computer STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: exploratory data analysis using multivariate methods in MIDAS & SAS GRAPHS AND FIGURES: scatter diagrams (PCA,CVA,CANCOR); box plots (medians & interquartilc ranges) for selected variables; cluster analysis dendograms; 95% confidence ellipses SOURCES LOCATION: estuarine marshes along British Columbia coast REFERENCES: Bradfield, G.E. and A. Campbell. 1986. Vegetation-elevation correlation in two dyked marshes of northeastern Vancouver Island: A multivanate analysis. Can. J. Bot. 64:2487-2494. Bradlield, G.E. and G.L. Porter. 1982. Vegetation structure and diversity components of a Fraser estuary tidal marsh. Can. J. Bot. 60:440-451. Campbell, A., and G.E. Bradfield. 1988. Short-term vegetation change after dyke breaching at the Kokish marsh, northeastern Vancouver Island. Northwest Science 62:28-35. D-2 ------- Campbell, A., and G.E. Bradfie!d. 1989. Comparison of plant community-environment relations in two estuarine marshes of northern British Columbia. Can. J. Bot. (in press). Hutchinson, I., A. Campbell-Prentice, and G.E. Bradfield. 1989. Aquatic plant resources of the Strait of Georgia. in: The status and ecology of marine and shoreline birds in the Strait of Georgia. edited by K. Vermeer and R.W. Butler. Can. Wildi. Serv. Special PubI. No.4. Ottawa. In press. RESPONDENT: Bradfield; Botany Department D-3 ------- FRJ-UW-89 19 December 1989 ESTUARINE HABITAT ASSESSMENT SUPPLEMENTS Prepared by: CHARLES A. SIMENSTAD, CURTIS D. TANNER, AND RONALD M. THOM WETLAND ECOSYSTEM TEAM FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON Prepared for: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Region 10, Office of Puget Sound Seattle, WA ------- Ammodytes hexapterus GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all fish 0+; mean CPUE = 2-4 fish/haul; range of CPUE 1-36 fish/haul BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: most abundant in April-June in all SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 10 ft. x 20 ft. tow net; 10 mm. tows DESIGN: monthly hauls made at each of 3 sites; 1974-1976; all nighttime samples REPLICATION: 2 samples per site DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: time series SOURCES LOCATION: northern Puget Sound REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L. 1979. Distribution and abundance of fishes occuring in the nearshore surface waters of northern Puget Sound, Washington. M.S. thesis, University of Washington. 120 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-4 ------- Amphipoda (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /- 6,454 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m.2; induded in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along I transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 03 to 2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /. std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vapcouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and LD. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. bargc loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates. Ltd. D-5 ------- Amphipoda (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: under cobble, at 0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28 -30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: Amphipodia spp. OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: apx. 100 m-2; patchy BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONAUTy; SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; V tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES; Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-6 ------- Ampithoe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: 1/4-3/4 in. gravel spread out over natural mudilat TEMPERATURE: SAUNITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adult: mean = 1.1 + /- 1 s.d. = 7.9 m-2; range: 0-55.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: adult: rnean= less than 1 + /- 1 s.d. = less than 10 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: na. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports, sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline, one collection, early April REPLICATION; n=50 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5, archived on 9-track mag. tape UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; jacknife procedure used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates SOURCES LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal beach graveling experimental site in upper Bay REFERENCES: C. A. Simenstad and i. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-7 ------- Ampithoe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /. 6,484 (study area); mean 8,678 + f. 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m-2; included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump rim by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 03 to 2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriauon process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and i.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates, Ltd. D-8 ------- Anisogammarus pugettensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt - FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles:mean= 15.4 /- 1 s.d.=41.8 m-2; range. 55.6.166.7 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles:mean=&) +/- 1 s.d.= 210mg m-2; range: 200-778 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in late April SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports, sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal elevat ion REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, Ide type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber), uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Pori of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-9 ------- Anisogammarus pugettensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+03 ft.. MLLW) brown mud TEMPERATURE: not available SAUN1TY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 111.1 +1- 1 s.d.= 111.1 m-2 range: 111.1-222.2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=24 +/- 1 s.d.=2 mg m-2; range: 33-39 m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, lace May 1987 REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m.2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and .1. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-10 ------- Anisogammarus pugettensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTfCS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+ 2.3 ft. MLLW) mud; Enteromorpha on surface TEMPERATURE: not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 18 5 + /- 1 s.d. = 32.1 m-2; range 0-55.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean =489 /- 1 s.d.=850 mg m-2; rangeS 0-1467 m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen, pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient), sampled once, late May 1987 REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Sinienstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-11 ------- Anisogammarus pugettensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABrFAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (-0.1 ft. MLLW) gravel-cobble TEMPERATURE: not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 1351.9 +\- 1 s.d.=2151.9 m-2; range: 222.2-3833.3 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles. mean= 163 +1- 1 s.d.=27 mg m-2; range: 11-487 m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 1.5 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987 REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibnthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubi. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D.12 ------- Anisogammarus pugettensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand TEMPERATURE: SAUNITY: FOOD: OTHER: adjacent Zostera marina meadow OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =16.0 + /- 1. s.d. = 21.9 m-2; range: 0.0-40.0 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean =7 /- 1 s.d.=10 mg m-2; range: 12-24 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIOUES O.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July) REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation) SOURCES LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-L3 ------- Anisogammarus pugettensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; χ0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean=1.6 s -/- 1 s.d.=4.4 100-cm2; juveniles: mean=13 +/- 1 s.d.4.1 100-cm2, for high epiphyte plant BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=0.01 /- 1 s.d.=0.02 mg 100-cm2; juveniles- mean= 1.1 +1- 1 s.d.=3.3, for high epiphyte plant SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-cm segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in situ); in laboratory, animals washed out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n = 2 plants DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., J. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-881.3, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) D-14 ------- RESPONDENT Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-L5 ------- Ayes (unid.) GROUP: avifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: 1) beach; 2) revetment; 3) dune (= Elymus mollis); 4) grass-herb meadow (= Festuca spp.); and 5) storm tide plain TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 850 gulls on 44 hectares BIOMASS LEVELS: # of nests & territory size varies by habitat; habitats include 1) beach; 2) revetment; 3) dune; 4) grass-herb meadow; and 5) storm tide plain SEASONALITY: breeding and nesting from March through August SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: beach & upland habitats beyond emmergent marsh for Larus occidentalis surveyed, nests counted, territories measured, % cover measured, nesting chronology recorded, attendance & behavior established DESIGN: four year study with behavioral observations REPLICATION: four year study with replications as required for specialized studies DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: field data forms with summary tables & floppy diskinfo; some data on computer cards STATIS11CAL ANALYSIS: varied, parametric & non-parametric using SPSS contingency tables GRAPHS AND FIGURES: rough hand drawn graphs at present SOURCES LOCATION: East Sand Island, Baker Bay (46o16 lat. 124o30 long.) REFERENCES: Richter, K.O. (in prep.) Habitat and nest site selection in a mixed colony of Western & Glaucous-winged gulls RESPONDENT: Richter; D-16 ------- Ayes (unid.) GROUP: avifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: beaches., dunes, drift wood plains TEMPERATURE: SALINiTY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: varied by island, species, etc. BIOMASS LEVELS SEASONAL ITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: beach & upland habitats beyond emmergent marsh surveyed, June.September 1977 study of island use by nesting seabirds; Larus occidentallis, L. Glaucescens, Sterna caspia, sterna spp., & Ardea herodias DESIGN: 1 year study; counted number of nests and identified habitat REPLICATION: none; descriptive DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data in published tables STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: published in reports SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River, Baker Bay, Willapa Bay, Grays Harbor, Duwamish River, Port Gardner Bay REFERENCES: Peters, C.F., K.O. Richter, DA. Manuwal, and S.G. Herman. 1978. Colinal nestin sea nd wading bird use of estuarine islands in the Pacific Northwest. Final Rpt. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station D.78-17 200 pp. RESPONDENT: Richter, D-17 ------- Ayes (unid.) GROUP: avifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: TEMPERATURE: SALINFIY: FOOD: OTHER: primary bird spp. of eeigrass habitat: amw, bib, gbh, gwg; secondary: bfh, dcc, hgb, mid, and common loon, n. pincail, others OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONAL ITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: surface scan using telescope, binoculars; aircraft transect censuses of offshore area DESIGN: predetermined location of transpect of mapped census areas; (see MESA report, Wahi et al. 1981) REPLICATION: 2-4 wks for surface census; apx. 6 wks by aircraft, in 1978-79 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC 041 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: see MESA report GRAPHS AND FIGURES: see MESA report SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor (n=53); Padilla Bay (n=35); Jamestown (n=29); aerial surveys (n=21) REFERENCES: Wahi, T.R., and S.M. Speich. 1980. Marine bird populations in Washington waters. Impact documentation and long- term monitoring. Washington Department of Ecology report. Wahi, T.R., S.M. Speich, D.A. Manuwal, K.V. Hirsch, and C. Miller. 1981. Marine bird populations of the Strait of Jaun de Fuca, Strait of Georgia, and adjacent waters in 1978 and 1979. EPA-600/7 .81.156. RESPONDENT: WahI; D-18 ------- Balanus spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: firm, rough TEMPERATURE: 7+ C SALINITY: FOOD: plankton OTHER: these species of barnacles (B lanuc crcnatus, B. Glandula) will occur most abundantly between 0-10 ft. below MLLW; abundant on deeper hard substrata during spring-summer, and during early succession OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-1009 co cr on hard substrata; 0-11,500 m-2; mean=4230 m-2; SD= 4133 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS 0-3710gm m-2. mean 2281 g m-2; SD =2367 g m-2 SEASONALITY: peaks from April-September SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: airlift (using SCUBA) by scraping the barnacles from the substrata to sample individual organisms for counting and weighing; percent cover estimated using 0.25 m2 grid DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths; see Benson 1989 re. design REPLICATION: n=3 5 at each depth interval DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: no specific format STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. standardized to per square meter GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts SOURCES LOCATION: artificial reefs off Edmonds; Gedney Island, Onamanc Point, Possession Point, Misery Point, Point Heyer, Toliva Shoal, Itsami Ledge, and Boeing Creek REFERENCES: Benson, B.L 1989. Air-lift sampler: Applications for sampling hard substrat. Bull Mar Sci. (in press). Hueckel, Gi. 1980. Foraging on an artificial reef by three Puget Sound fish species. Wash. Dept. Fish. Tech. Rept. 53. 1 l 0 pp. Hueckel, GJ., and R.M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs in Puget Sound, Washington. Wnv. Biol. Fish. 19(3):195-214. RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries D-19 ------- Bivalvia (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand, some Enteromorpha TEMPERATURE: SAUNITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 33 . 1$J 1- 2.092 (study area); mean = 33,822 + /- 19,071 (control); range 21,529 to 61,883 m-2; included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only. August 25. 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump ruh by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.Om REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean +1- std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and i.D. Thompson. 1975. A Suction sampler for quantatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104.398-44)5 Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.) B.C. unpublished report to Public Works Candada. 30 pp RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. D-20 ------- Bivalvia (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28.30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS. BIOMASS LEVELS 0 rn MLLW 60-500 gin m-2; +0.9 m MLLW. 60-400gm m-2 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCA11ON: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, i. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-21 ------- Bivalvia (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE silty sand with occassional rocks and cobble; clayey silts with common wood dibris TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: water c rnents 50-290 ft hr-i during ebb and flood tides OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 40-2240 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: hydraulic lift; Ventari suction device; sampling 0.05 m2 x 100 mm core; sieved through a 05 mm mesh bag DESIGN: five stations sampled withinn project area, one in a nearby dredged area; elevations were +0.4 to -10.7 It, all sampled on 19 October 1983 (1320-1430) REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: simple numerical summaries STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Gig Harbor near Donkey Creek, at site of now constructed Murphys Landing, a 90 slip marina where 5 acres of intertidal/subtidal bottom area were developed REFERENCES: Cheney, D., C. Cheney, M. Jordan, and M. Kyle. 1983. Turner Marina, Gig Harbor, Washington. Supplemental Environmental Information. RESPONDENT: Chene , BioAquatics International D-22 ------- Callianassidae (unid.) GROUP: active infauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: in mixed cobble sediments; in sand at 0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 in or 1.8 m MLLW OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2- <100 m-2; patchy BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cin2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; 1 tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, .1. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-23 ------- Cancer magister GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand, silty sand, gravel, shell, wood debris, ecigrass, macroalgae covers TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: generally >1.5 ppt FOOD: any live or freshly dead animal tissue OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: crawls/diver transect: typically 0-100 crab/hectare; can range as high as 5,000 crab/hectare in areas of crab aggregation; intertidal quadrats: typically 1-10 m-2 but up to 300 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: all seasons SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 3m beam trawl; 2.5-5 mm. tows; generally with bottom coverage of 0.1 to 0.05 hectares/tow; also diver transects; 0.25 m2 quadrats dug & screened at ow tide; see Miller et al. 1988 for trawl protocol DESIGN: trawls along transects or at specific stations, diver transects at specific stations, intertidal quadrat samples along transects or random within selected plots REPUCATION: replication within strata (generally depth or habitat type) for trawis and diver transects; within habitat or within plot for quadrat samples (n= up to 30) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: catches standardized to crab/hectare; generally non-parametric statistical procedures or log-transformation with parametric statistics GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms SOURCES LOCATION: various locations throughout Puget Sound, Grays Harbor (complete list of sampling sites available) REFERENCES: Armstrong, D.A.., J.L. Armstrong, and PA. Dinnel. 1987. Ecology and population dynamics of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Ship Harbor, Anacortes, Washington. Final Rpt. for Leeward Development Company and Washington Department of Fisheries. FRI-UW-8701. Armstrong, D.A., T.C. Wainwright, i. Orensanz, PA. Dinnel, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1987. Model of dredging impact on Dungeness crab in Grays Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. to Battelle Northwest Laboratories and U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. FRI-U W-8701. 67 pp. D.24 ------- Dinnel, PA. R.R. Lauth, D.A. Armstrong, J.L. Armstrong, K. Larsen, and S.D. Sulkin. 1989. Marine lish predation on juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Padilla Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. to NOAA/NOS/OCRM, Marine and Estuarine Management Division by School of Fisheries. University of Washington, Seattle. In preparation. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, and T.C. Wainwright. 1986. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1986. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8611. 34 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, T.C. Wainwright, AJ. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987. Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer rnagister, habitat study. Final Rpt. to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the Washington State Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8704. 78 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1986. Impact of dredging and dredged material disposal on Dungeness crab, Cancer magisler, in Grays Harbor, Washington during October 1985. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW.8606. 30 pp. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and C. Dungan. 1985. Initiation of a Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) habitat study in North Puget Sound. pages 327.337 in Proceedings of the Symposium on Dungeness Crab Biology and Management. Alaska Sea Grani RN No. 85-3, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Dinnel, PA., DA Armstrong, and R 0 McMillan. (in prep.) Settlement patterns, timing, and early post-larval growth of Dungeness crab, Cancer magisler. in Puget Sound, Washington. Manuscript in preparation tori. Marine Biology. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R C) McMillan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, resources in Oak Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt (or the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries. University of Washington, Scatilc 23 pp Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R 0 McMillan. 1986. Dungeness crab, Cancer magisler, distribution, recruitment, growth, and habitat use in Lummi Ba). Washington. Final Rpt. for the Lummi Indian Tribe by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRi-U W-8612. 61 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1988. Invertebrate resource assessments in and around proposed dredged materials disposal sites in Puget Sound. in: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Puget Sound Research. Vol 1:337-343. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, B.S. Miller, and R.F. Donnelly. 1986. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) disposal site investigations: Phase I trawl studies in Saratoga Passage, Port Gardner, Elliott Bay, and Commencement Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8615. 208 pp. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, and K. Larsen. 1988. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) disposal site investigations Phase Ii trawl studies in north and south Puget Sound. Invertebrate resource assessments. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant and Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FR1-UW-8818. 92 pp. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, T.C. Wainwright, J.L Armstrong, and K. Larsen. 1988. U.s. Navy Homeport disposal site investigations in Port Gardner, Washington. Invertebrate resource assessments. Two-year Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8820. 25 pp. Dinnel, PA, G. Jamieson, B.S. Miller, DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth. 1987. Use of Pisces IV submersible for determining the distribution of Dungenss crab, shrimp, and bottomfish in Port Gardner, Washington. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and U.S. Navy by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRi-U W-8709. 16 pp. Dumbauld, B.R., DA. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, and PA. Dinnel 1988. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab, Cancer inagiscer, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1987. Final RpL. for Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle FRI-UW-8820. 25 pp. McGraw, K.A., L.L Conquest, i.O. Wailer, PA. Dinnel, and DA. Armstrong. 1988. Entrainment of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister Dana, by hopper dredge in Grays Harbor, Washington. I. Shellfish Res. 7(2):219.231. Paper also presented by K.A. Chew at the National Sheilfisheries Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1988. Miller, B.S., DR. Gunderson, D.A. Armstrong, PA. Dinnel, and R.F. Donnelly. 1988 Recommended protocols for standardized collections of Puget Sound bouomfish. Final Rpt. to Tetra Tech, Inc. and Office of Puget Sound, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. 42 pp. RESPONDENT: Dinnel; School of Fisheries D-25 ------- Cancer magister GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand or silty sand often with detrital cover TEMPERATURE: 7-14 C SALINITY: >25ppt FOOD: any live or freshly dead animal tissue OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: typically in r ngc of 0-100 crab/heccare; can range as high as 5,000 crab/hectare in areas of crab aggregation BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: all seasons, but csp summer/fall for deepest areas and winter for shallow subtidal SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 3m beam trawl; 2 .3-5 mm. tows; generally with bottom coverage of 0.1 to 0.05 hectares/tow also diver transects; see Miller Ct al. 1988 for trawl protocol DESIGN: 1) samples along multiple transects at preset depths; 2) random samples; or 3) stratified random sampling by depth; also Pisces IV submersible in Pt. Gardner REPLICATION: replication within strata (generally depth strata) but not within station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: catches standardized to crab/hectare; generally non-parametric statistical procedures or log-transformation with parametric statistics GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms SOURCES LOCATION: various locations throughout Puge Sound, Grays Harbor (complete list of sampling sites available) REFERENCES: Armstrong, DA., ii. Armstrong, and PA. Dinnel. 1987. Ecology and population dynamics of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Ship Harbor, Anacortes, Washington. Final Rpt. for Leeward Development Company and Washington Department of Fisheries. FRI-U W-8701. Armstrong, DA., T.C. Wainwright, J. Orensanz, PA. Dinnel, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1987. Model of dredging impact on Dungeness crab in Grays Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. to Battelle Northwest Laboratories and U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. FRI-UW-8701. 67 pp. D-26 ------- Dinnel, PA. R.R. Lauth, D.A. Armstrong, J.L. Armstrong, K. Larsen, and S.D. Sulkin. 1989. Marine fish predation on juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Padilla Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. to NOAA/NOS/OCRM, Marine and Estuarine Management Division by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. In preparation. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, and T.C. Wainwriglit. 1986. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1986. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8611. 34 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, T.C. Wainwright, AJ. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987 Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, habitat study. Final Rpt. to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the Washington State Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle FRI-UW-8704. 78 pp. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld 1986. Impact of dredging and dredged material disposal on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during October 1985. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8606. 30 pp Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and C. Dungan. 1985. Initiation of a Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) habitat study in North Puget Sound. pages 327-337 in: Proceedings of the Symposium on Dungeness Crab Biology and Management. Alaska Sea Grant Rpt. No. 85-3, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. (in prep.) Settlement patterns, timing, and early post-larval groMh of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Puget Sound, Washington. Manuscript in preparation for J. Marine Biology. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, resources in Oak Harbor, Washington Final Rpt. for the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle 23 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1986. Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, distribution, recruitment, growth, and habitat use in Lummi Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for the Lummi Indian Tribe by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8612 61 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1988. Invertebrate resource assessments in and around proposed dredged materials disposal sites in Puget Sound. in: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Puget Sound Research. Vol 1:337-343. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, B.S. Miller, and R.F. Donnelly. 1986. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) disposal site investigations: Phase I trawl studies in Saratoga Passage, Port Gardner, Elliott Bay, and Commencement Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8615. 208 pp. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, and K. Larsen. 1988. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) disposal site investigations: Phase II trawl studies in north and south Puget Sound. invertebrate resource assessments. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant and Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries., University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8818. 92 pp. - Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, T.C. Wainwright, J.L. Armstrong, and K. Larsen. 1988. U.S. Navy Homeport disposal site investigations in Port Gardner, Washington. Invertebrate resource assessments. Two-year Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8820. 25 pp. Dinnel, PA., G. Jamieson, B.S. Miller, DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth. 1987. Use of Pisces IV submersible for determining the distribution of Dungenss crab, shrimp, and bottomfish in Port Gardner, Washington. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and U.S. Navy by Fisheries Research institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W .8709. 16 pp. Dumbauld, BR., DA. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, and PA. Dinnel 1988. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1987. Final Rpi. for Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8820. 25 pp. McGraw, K.A., LL Conquest, J.O. Wailer, PA. Dinnel, and DA. Armstrong. 1988. Entrainment of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister Dana, by hopper dredge in Grays Harbor, Washington. J. Shellfish Res. 7(2):219-231. Paper also presented by K.A. Chew at the National Sheilfisheries Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1988. Miller, B.S., D.R. Gunderson, DA. Armstrong, PA. Dinnel, and R.F. Donnelly. 1988. Recommended protocols for standardized collections of Puget Sound bottomfish. Final Rpt. to Tetra Tech, Inc. and Office of Puget Sound, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. 42 pp. RESPONDENT: Dijmel; School of Fisheries D.27 ------- Cancer magister GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: clean sands to fine day/mud TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: O- 32 ppt FOOD: ainphipods (Corophium spp.), Macoma spp., polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods, Crangon franciscosum, Neomysis spp., Archaemysis, cumacea, etc. OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-100,000 hectare BIOMASS LEVELS: available from NMFS, Hammond, Oregon SEASONALITY: young of year in May-August; 1 +,2+ in October-December SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 8 m Maclnovitch trawl; 5 mm. tows; distance measured; 83 m vessel; trawl with liner in cod-end; crabs, shrimp, and fish were identified, measured (mm), and weighed DESIGN: once or twice monthly for 1 year, multiple stations REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCii NMFS format; stored on NWAFC Burroughs computer; archived on tape STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number/hectare; length frequency analysis; annual variations; Kruski-Wallace non- parametric test, length/weight (log.log) relationships GRAPHS AND FIGURES: bar graphs of catches, lengths SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River estuary, Oregon-Washington; specific locations available from NMFS REFERENCES: McCabe, G.T., and RJ. McConnell. 1989. Abundance and size-class structure of Dungeness crabs in or near frequently- dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent Seattle, WA. 22 pp. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-28 ------- Cancer spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble over sand or silty sand, often with some plant cover TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: >15 ppt FOOD: any live or freshly dead animal tissue OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: typically 1-10 m-2; highs of 100-200 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: all year SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats dug & screend from intertidal areas; see Miller et al. 1988 for trawl protocol DESIGN: random with habitat type along transects or within sampling plots REPLICATION: up to 30 reps within plots; usually 3 reps/habitat type for transects DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS catches standardized to crab/hectare, generally non-parametric statistical procedures or log-transformation with parametric statistics GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms SOURCES LOCATION: various locations throughout Puget Sound, Grays Harbor (complete list of sampling sites available) REFERENCES: Armstrong, D.A., JI. Armstrong, and PA. Dinnel. 1987. Ecology and population dynamics of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Ship Harbor, Anacortes, Washington. Final Rpt. for Leeward Development Company and Washington Department of Fisheries. FRI-UW-8701. Armstrong, DA., T.C. Wainwright, i. Orensanz, PA. Dinnel, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1987. Model of dredging impact on Dungeness crab in Grays Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. to Battelle Northwest Laboratories and U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. FRI-U W-8701. 67 pp. Dinnel, PA. R.R. Lauth, D.A. Armstrong, Ji.... Armstrong, K. Larsen, and S.D. Sulkin 1989. Marine fish predation on juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Padilla Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. to NOAA/NOS/OCRM, Marine and Estuarine Management Division by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. In preparation. D-29 ------- Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, and T.C. Wainwright. 1986. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab, Cancer tnagister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1986. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8611. 34 pp. Diane!, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, T.C. Wainwright, A.J. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987. Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, habitat study. Final Rpt. to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the Washington State Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8704. 78 pp. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1986. Impact of dredging and dredged material disposal on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during October 1985. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8606. 30 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and C. Dungan. 1985. Initiation of a Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) habitat study in North Puget Sound. pages 327-337 in: Proceedings of the Symposium on Dungeness Crab BIoldgy and Management. Alaska Sea Grant Rpt. No. 85-3, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. (in prep.) Settlement patterns, timing, and early post-larval growth of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Puget Sound, Washington. Manuscript in preparation for J. Marine Biology. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer rnagister, resources in Oak Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. for the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. 23 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1986. Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, distribution, recruitment, growth, and habitat use in Lummi Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for the Lummi Indian Tribe by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8612. 61 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1988. Invertebrate resource assessments in and around proposed dredged materials disposal sites in Puget Sound. in: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Puget Sound Research. Vol 1:337-343. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, B.S. Miller, and R.F. Donnelly. 1986. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) disposal site investigations: Phase I trawl studies in Saratoga Passage, Port Gardner, Elliott Bay, and Commencement Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8615. 208 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, and K. Larsen. 1988. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) disposal site investigations: Phase II trawl studies in north and south Puget Sound. Invertebrate resource assessments. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant and Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8818. 92 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, T.C. Wainwright, J.L. Armstrong, and K. Larsen. 1988 U.S. Navy Homeport disposal site investigations in Port Gardner, Washington. Invertebrate resource assessments. Two-year Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8820. 25 pp. Dinnel, PA., G. Jamieson, B.S. Miller, DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth. 1987. Use of Pisces IV submersible for determining the distribution of Dungenss crab, shrimp, and bottomfish in Port Gardner, Washington. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and U.S. Navy by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW.8709. 16 pp. Dumbauld, B.R., DA. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, and PA. Dinnel 1988. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1987. Final Rpt. for Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8820. 25 pp. McGraw, K.A., LL Conquest, J.O. Wailer, PA. Dinnel, and D.A. Armstrong. 1988. Entrainment of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magiscer Dana, by hopper dredge in Grays Harbor, Washington. J. Shellfish Res. 7(2):219-231. Paper also presented by K.A. Chew at the National Shelifisheries Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, I.ouisiana, June 1988. Miller, B.S., DR. Gunderson, DA. Armstrong, PA. Dinnel, and R.F. Donnelly. 1988. Recommended protocols for standardized collections of Puget Sound bottomfish. Final Rpt. to Tetra Tech, Inc. and Office of Puget Sound, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. 42 pp. RESPONDENF: Dinnel; School of Fisheries D-30 ------- Cancer spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on boulders, under cobble, in mixed sediments, O-+0.9 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: ALki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D.31 ------- Caprella Iaeviuscula GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OThER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults:mean=298.9 /- 1 s.d.=774.7 m-2; range: 0-5111.1 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: adults:mean = 150.7 + /- 1 s.d. = 345.2 mg m-2; range: 0-2600 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-June SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal elevation REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Sixnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-32 ------- CapreHa laeviuscula GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACFERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =816.0 /- 1. s.d.=881.2 m-2; range: 600-1840 m-2; combined adults: mean = 848.0 + /- 1 s.d = 10580 m-2; range: 1440-2200 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =494 +1- 1 s.d.=880 mg m-2; range: 60.2036mg m-2; combined adults: mean = 1956 + /- 1 s.d = 2570 mg m-2; range: 2024-5900 mg rn-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July) REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape © UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation) SOURCES LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data. RESPONDENT: Sixnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-33 ------- Carex Iyngbei GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand silt TEMPERATURE SALINiTY: 0 ppt (freshwater) FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: one sampling only Sept. 1987 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Braun-Blonquet sociability classes (1 to 5); abundance & coverage (+,1- l) DESIGN: 10 plots; 1 m2 plots; to obtain natural marsh coverage data at marina development site prior to construction, compensation site monitoring: species i.d.; 1 m2 plots (n= 15); aerial color photographs REPLICATION: n=1O-15 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: raw data; not processed; compensation monitoring on going STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: data will be processed this fall GRAPHS AND FIGURES: data will be processed this fall SOURCES LOCATION: Bridge Pont Harbour Market site North Arm (immediately below Oak St. Bridge in Richmond); compensation site on south side of Mitchell Island (immediately downstream of Arrow Transfer) REFERENCES: Williams, G.L 1985. Outline of habitat compensation for proposed Bridge Point Harbour Market development, Richmond, B.C. unpubi. report for North Fraser Harbour Commission, Richmond. 35 pp. Williams, G.L 1989. Final report on marsh construction. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates, Ltd. D -34 ------- Carex lyngbei GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand-mud TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: 0.0 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: 1392 g m2; net primary productivity 529 g C m-2 yr-i SEASONALITY: spring-fall SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: standing stockS 0.25 or 1.0 m2 quadrats DESIGN: random samples within strata REPLICATION: 2-30 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES. line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Grays Harbor, Putallup River estuary REFERENCES: Thom, R.M, CA. Simenstad, and E.O. Salo. 1987. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase I report: Construction and initial monitoring, July 1985-December 1986 Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, FRI-UW-8706. 85 pp. Thom, R.M, CA. Simenstad, D.K. shreffler, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase II report: Year two monitoring, January. December 1987. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, FRI-UW-8812. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-35 ------- Carex Jyngbei GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand to day TEMPERATURE: soil temp 12-16 C in May SALINITY: 0-12 ppt FOOD: OTHER: redox. (+)155-(-)435 mV OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: 1500 g dry weight m-2 SEASONAL ITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects; continuous presence/absence data, added to 16 environmental stations; sampled weekly at environmental plots for phenology, growth, salinity, temperature DESIGN: sampled production at end of season REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals SOURCES LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork REFERENCES: Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh. PhD dissertation, University of Washington. Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. J. Bot. 61:1105-1116. Ewing, K. 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh. Estuaries 9:49-62. Ewing. K. 1989. (manuscript) RESPONDENT: Ewing, Range Science Department D-36 ------- Chironomidae, larvae/pupae GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt and detritus; decaying marsh litter and trapped eelgrass and other debris TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: marsh vegetation dominated by Scirpus, Triglochin, and Distichlis OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS, juveniles and adults combined: mean =305.6 + /- 1 s.d. = 354.0 m-2; range = 111.1-1000.0 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=26 +1- 1 s.d.=30 mg m-2, range=6-78 mg m-2 SEASONAL!TY: most abundant in early-March (only sampled twice, in March) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIOUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line bisecting marsh vegetation along same tidal elevation REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; high intertidal emergent marsh within Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-37 ------- Chironomidae, larvae/pupae GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-clay on flats; silt to medium sand in channels TEMPERATURE 8 degrees C (February) to 20 degrees C (June) SALINITY: 0 to 7 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean= 397.6 +/- 1 s.d.= 401.9 rn-2; range: 12.5-888.9 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: mean= 182.3 +/-1 s.d.=352.6 mgrn-2; range: 1-711mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-April SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect lines transecting tidal flats and channels; epibenthos sampled monthly, March-June 1987 REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise, Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Lincoln Avenue restored wetland system, Puyallup river estuary, Washington; surface of unvegetated (non-planted, few recruited marsh vascular plants) REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, D. K. Shreffler, i. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1988. The Lincoln Avenue wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington: Phase II report; year two monitoring, January-December 1987 FRI. UW-8812, Ann. Rep. to Port of Tacoma, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA 80 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-38 ------- Chironomidae, larvae/pupae GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-clay on flats; silt to medium sand in channels TEMPERATURE: 8 degrees C (February) to 20 degrees C (June) SAUNITY: 0 to 7 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =149.7 + /- 1 s.d. = 117.9 m-2; rangeS 0-2873 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: mean =8.5 + /- 1 s.d.6.0 mg m-2; range: 0-14mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in March SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect lines transecting tidal flats and channels; epibenthos sampled monthly, March-June 1987 REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise, Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Lincoln Avenue restored wetland system, Puyallup river estuary, Washington; surface of vegetated (planted Care; endemic Typha) flat REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, D. K. Shreffler, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1988. The Lincoln Avenue wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington: Phase II report; year two monitoring, January-December 1987 FRI. UW-8812,, Ann. Rep. to Port of Tacoma 1 Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA 80 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-39 ------- Chironomidae, larvae/pupae GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-clay on flats; silt to medium sand in channels TEMPERATURE: 8 degrees C (February) to 20 degrees C (June) SALINITY: 0 to 7 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean=314.8 +1- 1 s.d.=3088 m-2; range: 0-64819 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: mean=21.8+/- 1 s.d.=21.6 mg m-2; range: 0-50mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect lines transecting tidal flats and channels; epibenthos sampled monthly, March-June 1987 REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape ( j UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise, Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Lincoln Avenue restored wetland system, Puyallup river estuary, Washington; tidal channel draining vegetated flat REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, D. K. Shreffler, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1988. The Lincoln Avenue wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington: Phase II report; year two monitoring, January-December 1987 FRI- UW-8812, Ann. Rep. to Port of Tacoma, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 80 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-40 ------- Clinocardium nutalli GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0 m MLLW: 30-160 m-2; +0.9 m MLLW 60-125 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: 0 m MLLW 40-740 gm m-2; +0.9 mMLLW. 10-625 gm m-2 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METhODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cin2 quadrats; all organisms identified; 6 mm mesh screen DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES. SOURCES LOCATION: S central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-41 ------- Clinocardium nutalli GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine to medium sand to clay hardpan; shell debris abundant on unconsolidated substrate; nearly all clams (96%) were in sand to cobble sediments at 0 to -8 ft TEMPERATURE: SAUNITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0 to -5 Ii: 24.5 m-2; -5 to -8 It: 2.0 m-2; -8 to -15 ft: 0.0 m-2; -15 to -25 ft: 0.7 m-2; below -25 It: 0.0, mean=93 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: mean=76.5 g m-2 SEASONALITY: none; not measured SAMPLING METhODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: venturi dredge; 6 in (i.d.) hydraulic suction dredge; clams were collected in a 0.75 in mesh vexar bag; substrate vacuumed with in a 0.25 m2 quadrat to a depth of 50 cm DESIGN: samples from stations fixed by a predetermined transect perpendicular to shore at depths of -0.4 to -480 ft (MLLW); all sampled on August 15, 1986 REPLICATION: none, 22 samples overall DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: simple spreadsheets STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none; basic data summary only GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Elliott Bay immediately west of piers 90-91 REFERENCES: BioAquatics International (D. Cheney). 1986. Distribution and abundance of subtidal hardshell clams at the Elliott Bay Marina project site. Elliott Bay Marina Group. Project Rpt. 11 pp. RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International D-42 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand to mud TEMPERATURE: seasonally variable; range 5-18 C SALINITY: seasonally variable; range 15-30 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean (per site) = 12-3557 fish/haul; range of 1 to 29,350 fish/haul BIOMASS LEVELS: available, not analyzed SEASONALITY: most fish were 0+ herring; most abundant in June-September SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm tow net; 10 minute tow, 2 boat surface trawl DESIGN: monthly samples collected at 6 eelgrass sites from July 1974-August 1976 REPLICATION: 2 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA; hard copy STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: nothern Puget Sound REFERENCES: Fresh, KL. 1979. Distribution and abundance of fishes occuring in the nearshore surface waters of northern Puget Sound, Washington. M.S. thesis, University of Washington., Seattle. 120 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-43 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: steep rocky slopes; some attached kelp; very exposed TEMPERATURE: 5-13 C; mean =83 to 9.6 SALINITY: 21-31 ppt.; mean = 27.5 to 28.1 FOOD: available OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean CPUE/site apx. 31-2312; range of monthly CPUE 1 to 20,269 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY. primarily age 0+ herring; most abundant June-August SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm tow net; 2 boat surface trawl DESIGN: 10 mm. tows; all night sets;3 rocky deep sites in northern Puget Sound; monthly between July 1974-August 1976 REPLICATION: 2 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA; hard copy STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: time series SOURCES LOCATION: nothern Puget Sound REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L. 1979. Distribution and abundance of fishes occuring in the nearshore surface waters of northern Puget Sound, Washington. M.S. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. 120 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-44 ------- Clupea harengus paflasi GROUP. motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble TEMPERATURE: available SALINITY: available FOOD: OTHER. OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean CPUE = 1.4 fish/haul BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: no consistent pattern SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm tow net, two boat surface trawl DESIGN: areas were sampled from April-June 1978 in Nisqually Reach; day & night time hauls, 10 mm. tows REPLICATION: multiple tows in the area on each sampling trip DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Nisqually Reach REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research Institute, FRI-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-45 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: variable TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: CPUE = 0 to 14,066; highest catches in August BIOMASS LEVELS: not known SEASONALITY: not sufficiently sampled SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNiQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm tow net; two boat surface trawl; 10 mm. DESIGN: hauls made June-September 1977,1978; all night time REPLICATION: no consistent replication DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data sheets & computer STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Nisqually Reach REFERENCES: Fresh, KJ..., D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final xeport to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research Institute, FRI-U W-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-46 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: variable TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: CPUE = 51 fish/haul BIOMASS LEVELS: not known SEASONALITY: not sufficiently samplcd SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 3.ln, x 6.lm tow net; Iwo boat surface trawl; 10 mm DESIGN: samples collected April-June 1978; samples pooled by area REPLICATION: multiple hauls per area DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSiS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Nisqually Reach REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research Institute, FRI-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-47 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble; some small amounts of kelp, eelgrass, other submergent plants at some sites TEMPERATURE 6-16 C; mean = 8.8-10.2 C SALINITY: 20-30 ppt; mean 26.6-301 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean CPIE r i tc = 10-484; range 1-2,903 fish/haul BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: most abundant JuncScplcmbcr; most fish 0+ herring; length frequencies available SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm to net. two boat surface trawl; 10 mm. tows DESIGN: monthly sampling July 1974-August 1976; night time samples; 6 gravel/cobble sites in northern Puget Sound (San Jaun Island area); Cherry Point, Padilla area REPLICATION: DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA; hard copy also STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: time series SOURCES LOCATION: San Jaun Island area; Cherry Point area; Padilla area REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L. 1979. Distribution and abundance of fishes occuring in the nearshore surface water of northern Puget Sound, Washington. M.S. thesis, University of Washington. 120 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-48 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean =45 4 + /- I s.d. = 116 8 m-2; range: 0-388.7 rn-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: (standing crop data not summarized) SEASONALITY: maxima in late May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30-rn from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats, small catches retained, large catches subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt.) REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing a op (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics SOURCES LOCATION Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 rn MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-49 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: predominately sand to mud with some eelgrass TEMPERATURE: 5-20 C SALINITY: 15-30 ppt. FOOD: detailed diet data available OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-20,000 BIOMASS LEVELS: unknown SEASONALITY: consistently present,; most abundant in summer & early fall; primarily young of year SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37m beach seine; 30m set; floating DESIGN: monthly hauls made at 6 sites throughout Puget Sound by beach seine; 1979- 1981 REPLICATION: 2 samples per site DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: time series SOURCES LOCATION: Nisqually Reach, Bainbridge Island REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L, R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitlish, and their potential predators and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department of Fisheries Progress Report No. 145. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D.50 ------- Clupea harengus paHasi GROUP. motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand to mud TEMPERATURE: available but not summarized SALINITY: available but not summarized FOOD: available OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 51; mostly young of the year; most abundant late spring BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: most abundant in late spring SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37m beach seine; floating DESIGN: weekly or twice weekly samples collected February-July 1978, both day & night hauls made; 3 eelgrass sites sampled; 30m hauls REPLICATION: 2 samples per site DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA; computerized & soft copy STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Nisqually Reach REFERENCES: Fresh, KL, D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research Institute, FRJ-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-51 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: unknown TEMPER.ATURE available SALINITY: available FOOD: see Fresh et aL (1981) OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all size classes captured; data available but not summarized BIOMASS LEVELS: - SEASONALITY: insufficient data SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 500m x 55m purse seine (2 cm mesh) DESIGN: 3 sampling trips made in 1979 in Puget Sound; various sites were sampled; both day & night hauls REPLICATION: same sites DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: N/A GRAPHS AND FIGURES: N/A SOURCES LOCATION: Puget Sound (south of Possession Point) REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L., R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitlish, and their potential predators and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department of Fisheries Progress Report No. 145. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-52 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTiCS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: unknown TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: unknown FOOD: detailed food habits data available OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-apx 60 ions (mostly I + herring) BIOMASS LEVELS: unknown SEASONALITY: not sufficiently sampled SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 500m x 55m purse seine (2cm mesh) DESIGN: 3 sampling trips made 1979-80 in south & central Puget Sound; numerous sites sampled; day & night trawis made REPLICATION: varied DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODL/MESA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: south & central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Fresh, KL., R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitfish, and their potential predators and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department of Fisheries Progress Report No 145. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-53 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: various TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: Corophiuni spp., calanoid copepods. insects, mysids, Daphnia spp., etc. OTHER: tidal stage, time of day, tidal height OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-40,000/set. dcpcnds on schooling fish and hatchery releases BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: highest numbers in cummcr/1 ll depending on species of concern and area in estuary SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: purse seine; collect, idcntif , measure, and weigh fish species; sample once/month depending on study, sometimes more intensive during salmonid migration DESIGN: 10-200 rn deep; 03 in. stretch mesh, knotless bunt; 2 vessels used, seining done all at flood, high slack tide REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCii NMFS format, species code; transformed to CPUE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA on logged (x +1) data; chi-square GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length-frequency distribution; numbers/month; # species/month SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River estuary REFERENCES: McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, and Ri. McConnell. 1987. Abundance and sizc-cLiss structure of Dungcncss crabs in or near frequently-dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubi. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 31 pp. McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, T.C. Colby, and R.J. McConnell. 1986. Distribution, abundance, and size-class structure of Dungeness crabs in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubi. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent.. Seattle, WA. 57 pp. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-54 ------- Corbicula maniiensis GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine sand; silt clay with high organics (wood chips) TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: algal, micro flora on detritus particles OTHER: currents, wave action on flats OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-60,000 m-2 depending on species BIOMASS LEVELS: available at MFS SEASONALITY: peaks in spring of fall-winter depending on species and station location SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.05 Powan dredge; samples were collected during high tide from vessel, washed through .595 (#30) mesh si; preserved in forinalin (10%) and then identified in lab DESIGN: quarterly samples of many (non-random) selected sites throughout the estuary REPLICATION: n=2 per station for invertebrates; n= 1 for sediment structure DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: on paper, never archived properly STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number m-2 at each station/season; sediment grain size SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River estuary REFERENCES: Durkin, J.T., and R.L. Emmett. 1978. Benthic invertebrates of Baker Bay, Youngs Bay, and adjacent areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-55 ------- Corophium salmonis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean 13 + /. 1 s.d. =93 m-2; range =0-55.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=3 mg /- 1 s.d.=2 mg m-2; range=0-111 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima observed in late March SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of five transects across littoral flat; transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988) REPLICATION: n= 10 at habitat level; n=5 at microhabitat level DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel -Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Stagraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately east of marina breakwater REFERENCES: Thorn, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflacs and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingharn, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-56 ------- Corophium spinicorne GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: upper 15 cm of water column TEMPERATURE: 11-22 C SALINITY: 0-7 ppt FOOD: OTHER: water discharge (c(s) OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: 02 rn-3; nymphs: 0.1 rn-3 BIOMASS LEVELS: 0.17% of total biomass SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Neuston net (253 urn mesh) DESIGN: Bi-weekly sampling; 5 mm. tows; volume sampled quantified using flow meter; sample sieved through 150 urn mesh sieve REPLICA11ON: n =1 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: Lincoln Ave. wetland, Puyallup River, Tacoma WA REFERENCES: Shreffler, D.K. 1989. Temporary residence and foraging by juvenile salmon in a restored estuarine wetland. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Washington. 100 pp. RESPONDENT: Shreffler; Fisheries Research Institute D-57 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine-sand, mud; scattered, sparse eelgrass, Ulva and Enteromorpha TEMPERATURE: 16 to 17 degrees C SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles mean 27.8 + /. 1 s.d. = 24.0; range: 55.6-222.2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles, mean 2 I. 1.0 s.d. = 1.4 mg m-2, range: 1-44 mg rn-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen, pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: 100-rn x 100-rn sampling grid established on tidal flat; ten permanent sites selected from random coordinates; sampled late June/early July and two weeks later (to test effects of Sevin application) REPLICATION: n =10 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Wilapa Bay, Washington; intertidal oyster tracts on Bay Center Channel, between Bone River channel and Bay Center Cutoff Channel REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) Effects of Sevin application on littoral llai meiofauna. Preliminary sampling on Willapa Bay, June-July 1988 Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seaule, WA. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-58 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACrERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juvenilesmean= 15.8 +1- 1 s.d.=53.6 m-2; range. 62.5-222.2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles:mean = 2 + /- 1 s.d. = 10 mg m-2; range. 13-22 mg rn-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 1.30-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal elevation REPLICATION. n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise K.ruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, i. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-59 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-clay on flats; silt to medium sand in channels TEMPERATURE: 8 degrees C (February) to 20 degrees C (June) SALINITY: 0 to 7 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=55.6 +/- 1 s.d.= 111.1 m-2; range: 0-222.2 m-2 (no other life history stages found) BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=53 +1-1 s.d.= 11.0mg m-2; range: 0-22mg m-2(no other life history stages found) SEASONALITY: ma dma in May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect lines transecting tidal flats and channels; epibenthos sampled monthly, March-June 1987 REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise, Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Lincoln Avenue restored wetland system, Puyallup river estuary, Washington; tidal channel draining vegetated flat REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, D. K. Shreffler, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1988. The Lincoln Avenue wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington: Phase H report; year two monitoring. January-December 1987 FRI. UW-8812, Ann. Rep. to Port of Tacoma, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 80 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-60 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE 1/2 to 3/4 in. gravel placed over sandflat TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=1.1 +/- 1 s.d.=7.9 m-2; range: 0-55.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined. mean=less than 1 +/- 1 s.d.= less than 1 mg m-2; rangeS 0-6mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection, early April REPLICATION: n=50 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; jacknife procedure used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates SOURCES LOCATION: Bywater Bay, northern Hood Canal, Washington; WDF beach graveling experimental site REFERENCES: C. A. Sirnenstad and i. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubi.) Fish. Res. Insi, Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-61 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: 1/4-3/4 in. gravel spread out over natural mudflat TEMPERATURE. SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 138.9 + /- 1 s.d. = 92.0 m.2; rangc 55.6-500.0 m-2 BIOM.ASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 5 + /- 1 s.d. =1 mg rn-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METhODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline, one collection, early April REPLICATION: n = 50 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; jacknile procedure used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates SOURCES LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal beach graveling experimental site in upper Bay REFERENCES: C. A. Sirnenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubi.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-62 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACrERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine mud TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS juveniles and adults combined: mean=582.2 1- I s.d =618.7 m-2; range: 55.6-3666.7 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS, juveniles and adults combined: mean =5 +/- I s.d = 1 mg m-2; range 0-6 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection, early April REPLICATION. n=50 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; jacknife procedure used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates SOURCES LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal muduiat control to WDF beach graveling experimental site REFERENCES: . A. Simenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA .ESPONDENT; Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-63 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (χ03 ft. MLLW) brown mud TEMPERATURE: not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =92.6 + /- 1 s.d.= 115.6 m-2; range: 55.6-222.2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: rnean=6 +/- 1 s.d.=1 mg m-2 range: 6-11 m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987 REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and 3. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-64 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+ 23 ft. MLLW) mud; Enteromorpha on surface TEMPERATURE: not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=5183 χ1 . 1 s.d.=898.1 rn-2; range: 0-1555.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles, mean = 22 + /- 1 s.d. = 4 mg m-2; range: 0-67 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987 REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized io m-2, log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom, R. M, C. A. Simenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpub!. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Simenstad, Fisheries Research Institute D-65 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTR.ATE: mid-intertidal (+ 2.6 ft. MLLW) gravel-cobble TEMPERATURE not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=37.0 χ/. 1 s.d.=32.1 m-2; range: 0-55.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 4 + /- 1 s.d. = 1 mg m-2; range: 0-60 mg m-2 SEASONAllY: na. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987 REPLICATION: n = 3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom. R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and i. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marine expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDEWF: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-66 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vaucheria covered flats much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: rnean= 17.0 /- 1 s.d.=43.7 m-2; range=55.6-1611.1 m-2 (no other life history stages found) BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =2mg +1- 1 s.d.=O mg m-2; range=6-89 mg m-2 (no other life history stages found) SEASONALITY: maxima observed in late June (last sampling date) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of live transects across littoral flat; transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-June 1988 REPLICATION: n= 10 at habitat level; n=5 at microhabitat level DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m .2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats @ 1.8 m MLLW REFERENCES: Thorn, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-67 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 169.8 + /- 1 s.d. = 401.5 m-2; range = 555.6-2222.2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 13mg +1- 1 s.d.=3 mg m-2; range=6-133 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima observed in late April-early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of five transects across Iluoral flat; transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988) REPLICATION: n =10 at habitat level; ii = 5 at microhabitat level DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately east of marina breakwater REFERENCES: Thorn, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W.8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-68 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +05 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 208 + /- 1 s.d. = 36.1 m-2 (no other life history stages found) BIOMASS LEVELS juveniles: mean = 2.0 + /- 1 s.d. = 0 mg m-2 (no other life history stages found) SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn screen, pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC formal 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsha REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., J. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988 Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-69 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine clay mud (channel bottom); clean sand (sandflat); silty sand (marsh) TEMPERATURE: apx. 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: macro algae, diatoms, etc. OTHER: effects of eelgrass on benthos; effect of tidal flat pools OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: range = 200-40,000 invertebrates m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: highest numbers in summer/fall; freshwater input accects species composition SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.05 m2 sampler used to 15 cm depth and then dug out; seived through a .595 nm screen DESIGN: sampled monthly at 11 station located from a marsh area to subtidal channel bottom, during summer sampled eelgrass and non-eelgrass sediments REPLICATION: n = 3 at each station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: paper data sheets with station and number of invertebrates STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number m-2; log transformed for statistical analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots by tidal height; location SOURCES LOCATION: Baker Bay, Columbia River Estuary, near llwaco, Washington REFERENCES: Furota, and R.L Emmett. in prep. Benthic invertebrates along a transect in Baker Bay Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-70 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE fine sand; silt clay with high organics (wood chips) TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: O- 32 ppt FOOD: algal, micro flora on detritus particles OTHER: currents, wave action on flats OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS 0-60,000 m-2 depending on species BIOMASS LEVELS: available at NMFS SEASONALITY: peaks in spring of fall.winier depending on species and station location SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.05 Powan dredge, samples were collected during high tide from vessel, washed through .595 (#30) mesh siz, preserved in formalin (10%) and then identified in lab DESIGN: quarterly samples of many (non-random) selected sites throughout the estuary REPLICATION. n=2 per station for invertebrates; n= 1 for sediment structure DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: on paper, never archived properly STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number m-2 at each station/season; sediment grain size SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River estuary REFERENCES: Durkin, J.T., and R.L. Emmett. 1978. Benthic invertebrates of Baker Bay, Youngs Bay, and adjacent areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-71 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACrERIST!CS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE sand, some Enteromorpha TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 33,209 + /. 2,092 (study area); mean = 33,822 + /- 19,071 (control); range 21,529 to 61,883 m-2; included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 25, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); po wered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.Om REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.) B.C. unpublished report to Public Works Candada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. D-72 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS. mean = 9,705 + /- 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m-2, included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS. SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975), powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.0 m, 1 mm. suction/sample REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /. std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (rn-2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6 .5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and ,J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddeli, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L Williams and Associates, Ltd. D-73 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HAIBITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: inmixed cobble sediments at approximately 0-0.9 m MLLW TEMPERATURE unknown SAUNITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1-100 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep; seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large rnfauna, 31.2 cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples; 4 reps for cores at each station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmentat Protection Agency D-74 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on mixed cobble sediments and algae 0-1.8 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: Corophium acherusicum OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-> 100 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep; seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large infauna; 31.2 cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 in above MLLW) REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples; 4 reps for cores at each station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park, Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-75 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud TEMPERATURE; 12.5-13.5 degrees C SALINITY: 16-24 ppt FOOD: OTHER: moderate gradient beach OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 150.0 + /. 1 s.d.= 136.5 m-2; range: 120.320 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean = 3 + /- 1 s.d. =1 mg m-2; range: 4-8 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 1.10-m2 epibenthic Suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: sampling on one occasion (late May) at 0.0 It, tidal elevation at slack, flood and ebb tide stages, approximately 6 hours apart REPLICATION: n=2 per tide stage DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; tabulated GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots SOURCES LOCATION: Moon Island (northern shore) reach of North Channel, Grays Harbor, Washington REFERENCES: CordeU, J. R., and C. A. Simenstad. 1981. Community structure and standing stock of epibenthic zooplankion at Moon Island. Pp. 128-145 in C. A. Sirnenstad and D. M. Eggers (eds.), Juvenile salmon and baitfish distribution, abundance, and prey resources in selected areas of Grays Harbor, Washington. FRI-UW.8116. Univ.Wash. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D.76 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silty sand with occassional rocks and cobble; clayey silts with common wood dibris TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: water currents 50-290 ft hr-I during ebb and flood tides OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 840-4640 m -2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: hydraulic lift; Ventari suction device; sampling 0.05 m2 x 100 mm core; sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh bag DESIGN: five stations sampled withinn project area, one in a nearby dredged area; elevations were +0.4 to -107 ft; all sampled on 19 October 1983 (1320-1430) REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: simple numerical summaries STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Gig Harbor near Donkey Creek, at site of now constructed Murphys Landing, a 90 slip marina where 5 acres of intertidal/subtidal bottom area were developed REFERENCES: Cheney, D., C. Cheney, M. Jordan, and M. Kyte 1983 Turner Marina, Gig Harbor, Washington. Supplemental Environmental Information. RESPONDENT: Cheney; BioAquatics International D-77 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mixed fines (sand and silt) with gravel cobble; log raft on 1/3 of site removed in 1988 TEMPERATURE SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1987: upper 1910 m-2; mid 13,007 m-2; lower 1857 m-2; 1988: upper marsh 1080 m-2; upper 1460 m-2; mid 2620 m-2; lower 2870 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: hydraulic pump; filtered water lying over 0.1 m2; filtered with a 0.25 mm net; pumped for 30 to 45 seconds; sampled 19 May 1987 and 29 August 1988 DESIGN: both periods: 3 stations (upper and low intertidal, and upper subtidal); August 1988: additional marsh station sampled; 1988 subtidal in basin dredeged on 8/87 REPLICATION: five stations sampled; three/station analyzed (2/station archived) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRflATION DATA FORMAT: Lotus spreadsheet; data files archived at University of Washington computer center STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries only GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Gig Harbor at foot of Dorotich Street REFERENCES: BioAquatics International (Cheney). 1987. Derotich Marina mitigation and monitoring plan. Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Servie, Olympia. RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International D-78 ------- Crangon spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand TEMPERATURE: SAUNifY: FOOD: OTHER: dense Z.ostera marina meadow OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=8.0 /- 1. s.d.= 17.9 m-2; range: 0.0-40.0 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =9 /- 1 s.d. 20mg m-2; range: 0-44 rng m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump), gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on paris, organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 1,30-urn mesh nets, pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July) REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation) SOURCES LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-79 ------- Crangon spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: in mixed cobble sediments; in sand at 0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: epifauna abundance at 09 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats. all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samplesby habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression, T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park, Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-80 ------- Crangon spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: in sand, in mixed sediments, at 0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS 2-100 m.2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, +0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; 1 tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-81 ------- Crangon spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: clean sands to fine clay/mud TEMPERATURE 0-25 C SALINiTY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: amphipods (Corophium spp.), Macama spp., polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods, Crangon franciscosum, Neomysis spp., Archaemysis, cumacea, etc. OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0.100,000 hectare BIOMASS LEVELS: available from NMFS, Hammond, Oregon SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 8 in Maclnovitch trawl; 5 mm. tows; distance measured; 8.5 m vessel; trawl with liner in cod-end; crabs, shrimp, and fish were identified, measured (mm), and weighed DESIGN: once/month, various stations REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCu NMFS format; stored on NWAFC Burroughs computer; archived on tape STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number/hectare; length frequency analysis; annual variations; Kruski-Wallace non- parametric test, length/weight (log.log) relationships GRAPHS AND FIGURES: bar graphs of catches, lengths SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River estuary, Oregon-Washington; specific locations available from NMFS REFERENCES: McCabe, G.T., and RJ. McConnell. 1989. Abundance and size-class structure of Dungeness crabs in or near frequently- dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA.NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 22 pp. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-82 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic planklers HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine-sand, mud; scattered, sparse eelgrass, Ulva and Enteromorpha TEMPERATURE: 16 to 17 degrees C SALINITY: FOOD: OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS juveniIes mean = 283.4 + /- 1 s.d. =303.8 m-2; range: 55 6- 1555 6 m-2; adults: mean = 109 7 + I- 1 s.cL= 187.2 m-2; rangr 0.1555.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean= 10.3 +/-1 s.d.= 10.7mg m-2; rangeS 6-50mg m-2; adult mean =9.0 +1- 1 s.d. = 14.8 mg m-2; range: 0-122 nig m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 1.5 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: 100-rn x 100-rn sampling grid established on tidal flat; ten permanent siLes selected from random coordinates; sampled late June/early July and two weeks later (to test effects of Sevin application) REPLICATION: n =10 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track rnag tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Willapa Bay, Washington; intertidal oyster tracts on Bay Center Channel, between Bone River channel and Bay Center Cutoff Channel REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) Effects of Sevin application on littoral flat meiofauna Preliminary sampling on Willapa Bay, June-July 1988 Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. RESPONDENT: Simenstad, Fisheries Research Institute D-83 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankcers HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults and juveniles:mean = 1485 + /- 1 s.d.= 263.9 m-2; range: 55.6-7778 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults and juveniles:mean = 10 + /- 1 s.d. = 20 mg m-2, range: 6-67 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in late June SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN. permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal elevation REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Sunenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudfiats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FR!-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-84 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: 1/2 to 3/4 in. gravel placed over sandflat TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined. mean= 10.0 1- 1 s.d.= 26.8 m-2; rangeS 55.6-111.1 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 1 + /. 1 s.d = 1 rug m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports, sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 1.5 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection, early April REPLICATION: a = 50 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing aop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; jacknife procedure used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates SOURCES LOCATION: Bywater Bay, northern Hood Canal, Washington; WDF beach graveling experimental site REFERENCES: C. A. Simenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-85 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: 1/4-3/4 in. gravel spread out over natural rnudflat TEMPERATURE SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=235.6 +1- 1 s.d.= 266.2 m-2; range: 55.6-1222.2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean5 +/. 1 sd = 1 mg m-2, range: 06 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-rn2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection, early April REPLICATION: n=50 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; lacknife procedure used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates SOURCES LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal beach gravcling experimental site in upper Bay REFERENCES: C. A. Simenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ Wash., Seattle, WA RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-86 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine mud TEMPERATURE: SAUNITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 106.7 + I- 1 s.d. = 113.8 rn-2, range: 55.6-500.0 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean =4 +/- 1 s.d = I mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; wf 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline, one collection, early April REPLICATION: n=50 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; jacknifc procedure used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates SOURCES LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal mudflat control to WDF beach graveling experimental site REFERENCES: C. A. Sirnenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-87 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankcers HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine sand TEMPERATURE SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 2033 + /- 1 s.d. = 224.9 m-2; range. 55.6-1111.1 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=4 +1- 1 s.d.= 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on tntake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection, early April REPLICATION: n = 50 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; jacknife procedure used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates SOURCES LOCATION: Bywater Bay, northern Hood Canal, Washington; mid-intertidal sandflat adjacent to WDF beach graveling experimental site REFERENCES: C. A. Simenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-88 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP. epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+ 0.3 ft. MLLW) brown mud TEMPERATURE: not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=796.3 + /- 1 s.d.= 562.0 rn-2; range: 444.4.14444 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combinded: mean=6 +1- 1 s.d.= 1 mg m-2; range: 56-144 m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987 REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thorn, R. M., C. A. Siznenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Sinienstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-89 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+ 2.e3 ft. MLLW) mud; Enteromorpha on surface TEMPERATURE not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 3333 +/- 1 s.d.= 577.4 m-2; range: 0-1000.0 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=11 +1- 1 s.d.2 mg m-2; range: 0-33 mg rn-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METhODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987 REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and i. R. Cordell. 1987. Benchic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubi. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-90 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (-0.1 ft. MLLW) gravel-cobble TEMPERATURE: not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles mean= 74.1 +\- 1 s.d.= 128.3 m-2; range: 0-222.2 m-2; adults mean =518.6 +/- 1 s d.=803.8m-2; range. 111.1-14444 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 7 + /- 1 s.d.= 1 mg m-2; range: 0-22 m-2, adults: mean = 67 + I- 1 s.d. = II mg m- 2; range: 11-189 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987 REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubi. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-91 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha common during much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: rnean=231.5 +1- 1 s.d.=423.1 m-2; range=55.6-15000 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=21 mg /- 1 sd =40mg m-2; range=6-188 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: adult maxima observed in early March, juveniles in April-May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNiQUES: 0.018 -m2 epibenthic pump (FRI rnesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of live transects across littoral flat; transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988) REPLICATION: n=10 at habitat level; n=5 at microhabitat level DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately east of marine breakwater REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, i. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and ecigrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-92 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: in tidal channel draining lagoon behind dredge spoil islands; sandy at 0.0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults combined: mean = 525.0 + /- 1 s.d = 801.1 m2; range: 125.0-1937.5 m-2; juveniles: mean =462.5 +/- 1 s.d. = 260.0; range: 62.5-750.0 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=58 /- 1 s.d =90mg m-2; range: 6.219mg rn -2; juveniles: mean=26 + / . 1 s.d. = 20 mg rn-2; range: 6-50 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenchic pump (FRI mesopump), battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec. DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion (early March) REPLICATION: =5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag tape UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms SOURCES LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; tidal channel in mudflat emptying lagoon just north of railroad bridge on west dredge spill islands REFERENCES: Cordell, J. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl rep. lo URS, Inc., 43 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-93 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +03 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juvenile: mean= 145.8 +/- 1 s.d.=252.6 m-2; egg-c females: mean=20.8 +/- 1 s.d.=36.l m-2 (no adults found) BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=2.0 /- 1 s.d.=0 mg m-2; egg-c females: mean=6.0 +/- 1 s.d.=0 mg m-2(no adults found) SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sarnpled with 0.5 to 13 m water depth REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FR!; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Siinenstad, C. A., 3. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) D-94 ------- RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-95 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-fine sand; no surface organics TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SAUNITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =20.8, 1 s.d.=36.l (no adults found) BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 6.0 + /- 1 s.d. = 0.0 mg m-2 (no adults found) SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenchic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;saznpled with 0.5 to 13 m water depth REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance disL, otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., I. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assernblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-U W-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-96 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /. 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /. 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m-2; included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect ( =tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.0 m; I miii. suction/sample REPLICATION: n = 3 for each station, subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undcrtakcn & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION- Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. D-97 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on mixed cobble sediments and algae, in mixed sediments, 0- +1.8 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: apx. 100 m2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cni2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; 1 tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-98 ------- Cymatogaster aggregata GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: small (<12cm) perch of this species are usually found associated with rocky habitats and/or eel grass, high canopy kelp beds, etc.; forages over soft substrate bottom surrounding rocky outcrops TEMPERATURE: 7χ C SAUNITY: FOOD: gammarid amphipods, harpacticoid copepods, small clams (primarily Transenella tantilla) OTHER: this species of perch (<12 cm) arc the primary diets of large (adult) copper rockfish and lingcod during their peak abundance periods; once this perch species grow past 12cm they are rarely eaten OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS 0.33.10.0 fish m.2, mean =2.96 fish m-2; SD =4.60 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY. peaks from Occobcr-Dccember; young of year usually born in June, July SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 23m x 6.lm-53m x 6.]m strip transects (using SCUBA) DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths REPLICATION: n=2 at each depth interval DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: no specific format STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter; log transformation will normalize data GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts SOURCES LOCATION: Gedney Island artifical reef REFERENCES: Hueckel, G.J., R.M. Buckley, and B.L. Benson. 1983. The biological and fishery development on concrete habitat enhancement structures off Gedney Island in Puget Sound, Washington RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries D-99 ------- Decapoda (larvae) GROUP: pelagic zooplankton HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: any substrate with some plant, shell, or debris cover TEMPERATURE: 10-25 C SALINITY; > I5ppt FOOD: planktonic organisms OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: megalops only; up to apx. 10 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONAUTY: May-September SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats dug & screend from intertidal areas; see Miller et al. 1988 for trawl protocol DESIGN: random with habitat type along transects or within sampling plots REPLICATION: up to 30 reps within plots; usually 3 reps/habitat type for transects DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: catches standardized to crab/hectare; generally non-parametric statistical procedures or log-transformation with parametric statistics GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms SOURCES LOCATION: various locations throughout Puget Sound, Grays Harbor (complete list of sampling sites available) REFERENCES: Armstrong, D.A., J.L. Armstrong, and PA. Dinnel. 1987. Ecology and population dynamics of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Ship Harbor, Anacortes, Washington. Final Rpt. for Leeward Development Company and Washington Department of Fisheries. FRI-UW-8701. Armstrong, DA., T.C. Wainwright, i. Orensanz, PA. Dinnel, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1987. Model of dredging impact on Dungeness crab in Grays Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. to Battelle Northwest Laboratories and U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. FRI-U W-8701. 67 pp. Dinnel, PA. R.R. Lauth, DA. Armstrong, J.L. Armstrong, K. Larsen, and S.D. Sulkin. 1989. Marine fish predation on juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Padilla Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. to NOAA/NOS/OCRM, Marine and Estuarine Management Division by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. In preparation. D-100 ------- Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, and T.C. Wainwright. 1986 Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1986. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8611. 34 pp. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R Dumbauld, T.C. Wainwright, A.J. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987. Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, habitat study. Final Rpt. to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the Washington State Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8704. 78 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1986. Impact of dredging and dredged material disposal on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during October 1985. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8606. 30 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and C. Dungan. 1985. Initiation of a Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) habitat study in North Puget Sound. pages 327-337 in: Proceedings of the Symposium on Dungeness Crab Biology and Management. Alaska Sea Grant Rpt. No. 85-3, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and R.O. McMiilan. (in prep.) Settlement patterns, timing, and early post-larval growth of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Puget Sound, Washington. Manuscript in preparation for J. Marine Biology. Dinnei, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMiilan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer rnagister, resources in Oak Harbor, Washington Final Rpt. for the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. 23 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1986. Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, distribution, recruitment, growth, and habitat use in Lummi Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for the Lunimi Indian Tribe by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8612. 61 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1988. Invertebrate resource assessments in and around proposed dredged materials disposal sites in Puget Sound. in: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Puget Sound Research. Vol 1:337-343. Pugec Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, B.S. Miller, and R.F. Donnelly. 1986. Pugel Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) disposal site investigations: Phase I trawl studies in Saratoga Passage, Port Gardner, Elliott Bay, and Commencement Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8615. 208 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, and K. Larsen. 1988. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) disposal site investigations: Phase II trawl studies in north and south Puget Sound. Invertebrate resource assessments. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant and Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8818. 92 pp. Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, T.C. Wainwright, J.L Armstrong, and K. Larsen. 1988. U.S. Navy Homeport disposal site investigations in Port Gardner, Washington. Invertebrate resource assessments. Two-year Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8820. 25 pp. Dinnel, PA., G. Janiieson, B.S. Miller, DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1987. Use of Pisces IV submersible for determining the distribution of Dungenss crab, shrimp, and bouomlish in Port Gardner, Washington Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and U.S. Navy by Fisheries Research institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8709. 16 pp. Dumbauld, B.R., DA. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, and PA. Dinnel 1988. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1987. Final Rpt. for Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRl-UW-8820. 25 pp. McGraw, K..A., LL. Conquest, i.O. Wailer, PA. Dinnel, and DA. Armstrong. 1988. Entrainment of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister Dana, by hopper dredge in Grays Harbor, Washington. J. Shellfish Res. 7(2):219-231. Paper also presented by K.A. Chew at the National Sheilfisheries Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1988. Miller, B.S., D.R. Gunderson, DA. Armstrong, PA. Dinnel, and R.F. Donnelly. 1988. Recommended protocols for standardized collections of Puget Sound bottomfash. Final Rpt. to Tetra Tech, inc. and Office of Puget Sound, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. 42 pp. RESPONDENT: Dinnei; School of Fisheries D-1O1 ------- Decapoda (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt TEMPERATURE: 0-30 C SALINITY: generally >13 ppt FOOD: any live or freshly dead animal tissue OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: less than for sand or silty sand substrate BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: all seasons SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats dug & screend from intertidal areas DESIGN: quadrac samples collected along transects or randomly within plots REPLICATION: generally n = 1 to 30 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: catches standardized to crab/hectare; generally non-parametric statistical procedures or log-transformation with parametric statistics GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms SOURCES LOCATION: Saniish Bay, Padilla Bay, Oak Harbor REFERENCES: Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, resources in Oak Harbor, Washington. Final Report for the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. 23 pp. Dinnel, PA., R.O. McMillan, D.A. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, AJ. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987. Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, habiat study. Final Report to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the Washington Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FR!- UW-8704. 78 pp. RESPONDENT: Dinnel; School of Fisheries D.102 ------- Deschampsia cespitosa GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: Deschampsia assemblage 500-1580 g dry M m-2 SEASONALITY: all seasons - peak live material in August. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: standing stock: 0.25 or 1.0 m2 quadrats DESIGN: random samples within strata REPLICATION: 2-30 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Grays Harbor, Drayton Harbor REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. Fisheries mitigation plan for expansion of moorage at Blame Marina, Blame, Washington. FRI-UW-8817. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D103 ------- Eleocharis palustris GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand to clay TEMPERATURE: soil temp = 12.16 C in May SALINiTY: 0-12 ppt FOOD: OTHER: redox. (+)155-(-)435 mV OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: 70 g dry weight m-2 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects; continuous presence/absence data; added to 16 environmental stations; sampled weekly at environmental plots for phenology, growth, salinity, temperature DESIGN: sampled production at end of season REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals SOURCES LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork REFERENCES: Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh. PhD dissertation, University of Washington. Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. J. Bot. 61:1105-1116. Ewing, K. 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh. Estuaries 9:49-62. Ewing, K. 1989. (manuscript) RESPONDENT: Ewing; Range Science Department D-104 ------- Eleocharis spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C SALINITY: 15.31 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dr. i rn-2 net primary productivity apx 200 g C m .2 yr-i SEASONALITY: spring-summer max biomass SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stockS random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range 3.30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point, Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point, Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Armstrong, J.W., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9.277-290. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-105 ------- Eleocharis spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: clay/mud TEMPERATURE SALINITY: 0.0 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: percent cover up to 100% BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: summer max. cover SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 1.0 m2 quadrat for percent cover DESIGN: systematic samples along elevation gradient REPLICATION: DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Puyallup River estuary REFERENCES: Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, and E.O. Salo. 1987. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase I report: Construction and initial monitoring, July 1985-December 1986. Thom, R.M., CA. Sunenstad, D.K. Shreffler, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase II report: Year two monitoring, January-December 1987. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8812. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-106 ------- Eleocharis spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand silt TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: 0 ppt (freshwater) FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: one sampling only, Sept 1987 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Braun-Blonquet sociability classes (ito 5); abundance & coverage (+,1-6) DESIGN: 10 plots; 1 m2 plots; to obtain natural marsh coverage data at marina development site prior to construction; compensation site monitoring: species i.d; 1 m2 plots (n= 15); aerial color photographs REPLICATION: n= 10-15 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: raw data; not processed; compensation monitoring on going STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: data will be processed this fall GRAPHS AND FIGURES: data will be processed this fall SOURCES LOCATION: Bridge Pont Harbour Market site North Arm (immediately below Oak St. Bridge in Richmond); compensation site on south side of Mitchell Island (immediately downstream of Arrow Transfer) REFERENCES: Williams, G.L. 1985. Outline of habitat compensation for proposed Bridge Point Harbour Market development, Richmond, B.C. unpubl. report for North Fraser Harbour Commission, Richmond. 35 pp. Williams, G.L. 1989. Final report on marsh construction. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates, Ltd. D.107 ------- Embiotoddae (unid.) GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: small (<12cm) perch of this species (Embiotoca lateralis) are usually found associated with rocky habitats and/or eel grass, high canopy kelp beds, etc.; forages over soft substrate bottom surrounding TEMPERATURE: 7+ C SALINITY: FOOD: gammarid a.mphipods, harpacticoid copepods, small clams (primarily Transenella tantilla) OTHER: this species of perch (<12 cm) arc the primary diets of large (adult) copper rocklish and Iingcod during their peak abundance periods; once this perch species grow past 12cm they are rarely eaten OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0.33.10.0 fish m .2. mean =2.96 fish m-2;SD=4.60 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: peaks from October.Dcccmber; young of year usually born in June, July SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 23m x 6.lm-53m x 6.lm strip transects (using SCUBA) DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths REPLICATION: n = 2 at each depth interval DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: no specific format STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter; log transformation will normalize data GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts SOURCES LOCATION: Gedney Island artifical reef REFERENCES: Hueckel, GJ., R.M. Buckley, and B.L. Benson. 1983. The biological and fishery development on concrete habitat enhancement structures off Gedney Island in Puget Sound, Washington. RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries D-1O8 ------- EmbiotocicJae (unid.) GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: small (<12cm) perth of this species (Rhacochilus vacca) are usually found associated with rocky habitats and/or eel grass, high canopy kelp beds, etc.; forages over soft substrate bottom surrounding TEMPERATURE: 7+ C SALINITY: FOOD: gammarid amphipods, harpacticoid copepods, small dams (primarily Transenella tantilla) OTHER: this species of perch (<12 cm) are the primary diets of large (adult) copper rocklish and lingcod during their peak abundance periods; once this perch species grow past 12cm they are rarely eaten OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0.33-100 fish m-2; mean =2.96 fish m-2; SD=4.60 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITy: peaks from October-December; young of year usually born in June, July SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 23ni x 6.lm-53m x 6.lm strip transects (using SCUBA) DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths REPLICATION: n=2 at each depth interval DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATiON DATA FORMAT: no specific format STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter; log translormation will normalize data GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts SOURCES LOCATION: Gedney Island artifical reef REFERENCES: Hueckel, GJ., R.M. Buckley, and B.]. .. Benson. 1983. The biological and fishery development on concrete habitat enhancement structures off Gedney Island in Puget Sound, Washington. RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries D-109 ------- Engraulis mordax GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE; various TEMPERATURE 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: Corophiurn spp., calanoid copepods, insects, mysids, Daphnia spp., etc. OTHER: tidal stage, time of day, tidal height OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-40,000/set; depends on schooling fish and hatchery releases BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY. highest numbers in summer/fall depending on species of concern and area in estuary SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: purse seine; collect, identify, measure, and weigh fish species; sample once/month depending on study; sometimes more intensive during salmonid migration DESIGN: 10-200 m deep; 03 in. stretch mesh; knotless bunt; 2 vessels used; seining done all at flood, high slack tide REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCii NMFS format, species code; transformed to CPUE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA on logged (x+ 1) data; chi-square GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length-frequency distribution; numbers/month; # species/month SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River estuary REFERENCES: McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, and R i. McConnell. 1987. Abundance and size-class structure of Dungeness crabs in or near frequently-dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 31 pp. McCabe, G.T., RI. Emmett, T.C. Colby, and Ri. McConnell. 1986. Distribution, abundance, and sizeclass structure of Dungeness crabs in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 57 pp. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D -110 ------- Enteromorpha spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C SALINITY: 15-31 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wt m-2; net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i SEASONALITY: spring-summer maximum biomass SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES. 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bonels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES. line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay, Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Eiliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery. Simenstad, CA, R.M. Thom, J.R. Cordell, KA. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreflier. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah Bay, Washington. FRI-UW-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine Biology. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. D111 ------- Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60. Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8808. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound. Thom, R.M., CA Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor. Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensani, and D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point, Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 6lpp. Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, and E.O. Salo. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp. 87-139 in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. Publ. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-112 ------- Enteromorpha spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: N/A OTHER OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable BIOMASS LEVELS: variable SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2, 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN. standing stockS random samples within depth and/or habitat strata primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay-, Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery. Simenstad, CA, R.M. Thom, J.R. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine Biology. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. D-1L3 ------- Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60. Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8808. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound. Thom, R.M., CA. Simen.stad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor. Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisoscomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensan; and D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point, Bainbridge Island, Washington A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 61 pp. Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, and E.O. Salo l 4 Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp. 87-139 in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal ln%cstigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. Pubi. FRI-UW-8417, Fish, Res Inst , Univ of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-114 ------- Enteromorpha spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C SAUNITY: 15-31 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wt m-2, net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i SEASONALITY: spring-summer max. biomass SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity, light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay, Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point, Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay-, Neah Bay, central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the south ast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery. Thom, R.M. 1978. The compostion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 237 pp. Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in central Puget Sound, Washington U.S.A. Botanica Marina 23:7-11. Thom, R.M. 1985. An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seaule. Submitted to the City of Seattle, Washington. D-1L5 ------- Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park ceigrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, and K.K. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on benthic marine flora of the Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea Grant Publ. WSG-WO 77.1. Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9 .267-275. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D .116 ------- Enteromorpha spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATURE: SALINTTY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS variable BIOMASS LEVELS variable SEASONALITY. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point, Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Armstrong, i.W., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9:277-290. Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery. Thom, R.M. 1978. The compostion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 237 pp. Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in central Puget Sound, Washington. U.SA. Botanica Marina 23:7-11. D-117 ------- Thom, R.M. 1985. An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seattle. Submitted to the City of Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgra.cs baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., i.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, and ICK. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on benthic marine flora of the Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea Grant Publ. WSG-WO 77.1. Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9:267-275. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-118 ------- Enteromorpha spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble TEMPERATURE: 10-32 C SALINITY: 15-32 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS BIOMASS LEVELS: <0.001 - 41.0 g dry wt m-2 SEASONALITY: spring-summer SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2, 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each spp. b) remove above ground part, dry, and weigh 2) primary productivicy light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary production calculate rates based on standing stock estimates & incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS ANT) FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay, Grays Harbor REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Plant standing stock and productivity on tidal flats and gravel in Padilla Bay, Washington a temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment. Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-119 ------- Enteromorpha spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel TEMPERATURE 8-28 C SALINITY: 15-31 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wi m-2; net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i SEASONALITY: spring-summer maximum biomass SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity-, light & dark growth bonels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity- calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity-, range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay-, Seahursi Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor, Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Thorn, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. Thom, R.M., R. Albright, C. Simenstad, J. Hampel, .1. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. Pubi. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-120 ------- Enteromorpha spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACFERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable BIOMASS LEVELS: variable SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh 2) primary productivity light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity; calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. Thom, R.M., R. Albright, C. Simenstad, i. Hampel, 3. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. Pubi. FRI-UW-8417, Fish Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-121 ------- Eogammarus confervicolus GROUP: epibenthic planicters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOW Y SUBSTRATE: silt and detritus; decaying marsh litter and trapped eelgrass and other debris TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINiTY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: marsh vegetation dominated by Scirpus, Triglochin, and Distichlis OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 1321.8 + /- 1 s.d. = 2320.7 m.2; range 166.7-5888.9 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 127 mg + /. 1 s.d. = 260 mg rn-2; range = 13-656 rng m-2 SEASONALITY: most abundant in mid-March (only sampled twice, in March) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-rn2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports, sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line bisecting marsh vegetation along same tidal elevation REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; high intertidal emergent marsh within Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Sinienstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarinc bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst.. Univ. Wash.. Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-122 ------- Eogammarus confervicolus GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =193 + /- 1 s.d. =43.3 m-2; range= 555.6-166.7 rn-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=46 mg +1-1 s.d.=l4Omgm-2; range=O.33 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima observed in early-mid-March SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIOUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of five transects across littoral flat; transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988) REPLICATION: n =10 at habitat level; n = 5 at microhabitat level DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2, log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately east of marina breakwater REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Sitnenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-123 ------- Eogammarus confervicolus GROUP: epibenthic p lankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) (024 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vaucheria covered flats much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 23.1 + /- 1 s.d. = 50.4 rn-2, range = 55.6-222.2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 73 mg + /- 1 s.d. = 340 mg m-2; range = 6-2222 mg m-2 SEASONAUTY: maxima observed in early April SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of five transects across littoral flat; transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988) REPLICATION: n = 10 at habitat level; n = 5 at microhabitat level DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats @ 1.8 m MLLW REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep prep. for The Port of Bellinghani, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-124 ------- Eogammarus confervicolus GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud TEMPERATURE: 12.5-133 degrees C SALINITY: 16-24 ppt FOOD: OTHER: moderate gradient beach OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 15.0 + /- 1 s.d. =42.4 m-2; range: 0-120.0 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS juveniles: mean=5 +/- 1 s.d.=10 mg m-2; range. 40-40mg rn-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 1.10-m2 epibenthic Suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-um mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: sampling on one occasion (late May) at 0.0 ft, tidal elevation at slack, flood and ebb tide stages, approximately 6 hours apart REPLICATION: n = 2 per tide stage DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized io rn-2; tabulated GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots SOURCES LOCATION: Moon Island (northern shore) reach of North Channel, Grays Harbor, Washington REFERENCES: Cordell, J. R., and C. A. Simenstad. 1981. Community structure and standing stock of epibenthic zooplankton at Moon Island. Pp. 128-145 in C. A. Simenstad and D. M. Eggers (eds.), Juvenile salmon and baittish distribution, abundance, and prey resources in selected areas of Grays Harbor, Washington. FRI-U W-8116. Univ.Wash. RESPONDENT: Simenstad, Fisheries Research Institute D-125 ------- Eogammarus confervicolus GROUP: epibenthic plankiers HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on algae, on sand, on mixed sand, +0.9-1.8 InMLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: apx. 100 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, +0.9, +1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-126 ------- Eogammarus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARA(1 ERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,70c /. 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m-2; induded in total epibenihos BIOMASS LEVELS SEASONALITY: sampled once onh. August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHN1QUES 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler rnodilied from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along I transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample REPLICATION: n=3 for each station, subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsaxnples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + I- std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates, Ltd. D-127 ------- Eogammarus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud TEMPERATURE: 12.5-133 degrees C SALINITY: 16-24 ppt FOOD: OTHER: moderate gradient beach OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 10.0 + I- 1 s.d. = 283 m-2; range: 0-80.0.3 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =1 + /. 1 s.d. =1 mg m-2; range: 0-4 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 1.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 1.30-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: sampling on one occasion (late May) at 0.0 ft, tidal elevation at slack, flood and ebb tide stages, approximately 6 hours apart REPLICATION: n = 2 per tide stage DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; tabulated GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots SOURCES LOCATION: Moon Island (northern shore) reach of North Channel, Grays Harbor, Washington REFERENCES: Cordell, J. R., and C. A. Simenstad. 1981. Community structure and standing stock of epibenthic zooplankion at Moon Island. Pp. 128-145 in C. A. Simenstad and D. M. Eggers (eds.), Juvenile salmon and baitfish distribution, abundance, and prey resources in selected areas of Grays Harbor, Washington. FRI-U W-8116. Univ.Wash. RESPONDENT: Sirnenscad; Fisheries Research Institute D-128 ------- Eogammarus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on mixed cobble sediments and algea, 0- + 1.8 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS 2-100 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS SEASONALITY. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-129 ------- epiphytic algae/animals GROUP: benthic microbiota HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: leaves of eelgrass TEMPERATURE 2-28 C SALINITY: 15-35 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: net production = 200-300 g C m-2 yr-i BIOMASS LEVELS: up to 300 g dry M m-2 SEASONALITY: spring ephemerals SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each spp b) remove above ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity: light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary production: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates & incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Paddilla Bay, Drayton Harbor, Cherry Pt., central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. 1983. Composition, habitats, seasonal changes, and productivity of macroalgea in Grays Harbor estuary, Wshington. Estuaries 7:51-60. Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. Thom, R.M., K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B, Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensanz, and D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point, Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 61 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-130 ------- epiphytic algae/animals GROUP: benthic microbiota HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: leaves of eelgrass TEMPERATURE: 2-28 C SALINITY: 1.5-35 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: net production = 200-300 g C m-2 yr-i BIOMASS LEVELS: up to 300 g dry m-2 SEASONALITY: spring ephemerals SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each spp. b) remove above ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity: light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary production: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates & incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay, Drayton Harbor, Cherry Pt., central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprise. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery. Thorn, R. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine Biology. Thom, R. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rpt. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8808. Thom, R., C.A. Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. Fisheries mitigation plan for expansion of moorage at Blame Marina, Blame, Washington. FRI-UW-8817. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. D-131 ------- Thom, R., R. Aibrigid, C. Simenstad, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp. 87-139 in QJ. Stober and K.K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Rencon Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study. Publ. FRI-U W-8413, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash, Seattle. Thom, R., R. Aibright, C. Simenstad, .1. Harnpel, .1. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sec. 5, in O.J. Stober and K.K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study. Pubi. FRI-UW-841.3, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash, Seattle. 177 Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Plant standing stock and procuctivity on tidal flats and gravel in Padilla Bay, Washington: a temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., CA Siinenstad, J.R. COrdell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent rnudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-132 ------- epiphytic algae/animals GROUP: benthic microbiota HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: eelgrass leaves TEMPERATURE: 6-25 C SALINITY: 24-28 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: on Z. japonic.i OS I- 073 to 20.8 + /- 94 mg dry weight/shoot, on Z. marina 3.4 + /- 1.0 to 58.1 + I- 25.2 mg dry weight/shoot SEASONAJJTY minimum winter, maximum summer and winter SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: scrape eelgrass shoots of epiphytes; filter onto pre-weighed gf filters, dry at <90 C weigh DESIGN: monthly, more frequently (1-2 weeks) during spring bloom (epiphytes disappear quuickly) REPLICATION: 12-15 shoots/plot to detect 5% difference in mean at 10% level with 80% DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: L.otus, Excel, or Cricket spreadsheets STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: mean, standard deviation at each sampling date GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay intertidal sediments REFERENCES: Williams, SL: (unpubl.) RESPONDENT: Williams,; Friday Harbor Laboratories D-L33 ------- Gammaridea (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /- 6,4.84 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m-2; included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater Suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample REPLICATION: n = 3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STA11STICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /. std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398.405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. D-134 ------- Gammaridea (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: rocky, with turf algae; usually more abundunt in filamentous than foliose algae TEMPERATURE: 7+ C SALINITY: FOOD: detritus OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-760 m-2, mean = 146, SD = 266 BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-3.8 gm m-2; mean 0.83 gm; SD = 1.39 gm SEASONALITY: unkno i SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: airlift (using SCUBA) by vacuuming 10 cm-2 areas from hard substrata; screened to 1mm in the laboratory DESIGN: randomly selected sites along a transect line at similar depths; see Benson 1989 re design REPLICATION: n=5 at each depth interval DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: no specific format STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts SOURCES LOCATION: artificial reefs off Gedney Island, Onamanc Point, Possession Point, Misery Point, Point Heyer, Toliva Shoal, Itsami Ledge, and Boeing Creek REFERENCES: Benson, B.L. 1989. Air-lift sampler: Applications for sampling hard substrat. Bull. Mar. Sd. (in press). Hueckel, G.J., and R.M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs in Puget Sound, Washington. Env. Biol. Fish. 19(3):195-214. RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries D435 ------- Gammaridea (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE soft sediment TEMPERATURE 7+ C SALINiTY: FOOD: detritus OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 212-215 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: samples of the sediment taken underwater (using SCUBA) with 29mm cores penetrated Scm into bottom with a 25 m-2 grid DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths; samples were pooled for two sampling periods; 10 samples each were taken from five different depths REPLICATION: 10 cores per sampling depth DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: no specific format STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter GRAPHS AND FIGURES: bar charts SOURCES LOCATION: Edmonds artificial reef REFERENCES: Hueckel, GJ. 1980. Foraging on an artiricial reef by three Puget SOund fish spccies. Wash. Dept. Fish. Tech. Rept. 53. app- RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries D-136 ------- Gasterosteus aculeatus GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =69.6 +/- 1 s.d.=236.5 m-2; range: 0-820.5 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS (not summarized, data available) SEASONALITY: maxima in late August SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats, small catches retained, large catches subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wi.) REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2, log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately east of marina breakwater REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent niudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRi-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Sixnenstad, Fisheries Research Institute D-137 ------- Gasterosteus aculeatus GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vaucheria covered flats much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =0.1 /- 1 s.d.=0.2 m-Z range: 0-0.5 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized; data available) SEASONALITY: maxima in late June SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-in long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet WI.) REPLICATION: n = 3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing a op (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats @ 1.8 m MLLW REFERENCES: Thorn, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, 3. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Instinite D-138 ------- Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt and detritus; decaying marsh litter and trapped eelgrass and other debris TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINTTY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: marsh vegetation dominated by Scirpus, Triglochin, and Distichlis OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS. juveniles and adults combined: mean = 115.7 + /- 1 s.d. = 189.6 m-2; range = 250.0-444.4 m.2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=250 mg 4/- 1 s.d =510 mg m.2, range=225-1278 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: most abundant in mid-March (only sampled twice, in March) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line bisecting marsh vegetation along same tidal elevation REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber), uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; high intertidal emergent marsh within Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., . A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-139 ------- Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE compacted silt TEMPERATURE not available SALINITY: not available FOOD: OTHER: high (+ 7.9 ft. MLLW) marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 74.1 + /- 1 s.d. =1283 m-2; range: 0-222 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 17 +/- 1 s.d.=3 mg m-2; range: 0-50 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNiQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 1.30-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line (perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987 REPUCATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island Channel REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community structure at the Days Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubi. rep. to Day Island Community Club. RESPONDENT: Sixnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-140 ------- Harpacticoida (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /- 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m-2; induded in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nnex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and eluriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m.2; mean + /. std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, 01. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd D-141 ------- Harpacticoida (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silty sands near Snohomish River channerl; sandy silt and silty day in inner basin, with abundant wood debris TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: % of total .ill harpacticoids 69; Leimia spp. 57; Microarth spp. 46; also Eagammarus Spp. 17.5 BIOMASS LEVELS: % of total. all harpacticnid 38.7, Leimia spp. 34.3; Microarth spp 1 0, also Eogammarus spp. 17.5 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METhODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: hydraulic pump; filtered water lying over 0.1 m2; filtered with 0.25 mm net; pumped for 30 to 45 seconds DESIGN: 16 stations from under and adjacent to log rafts; depth (bottom elevation) ranged from +43 (0-13.0 ft; all sampled on 23-24 May, 1987 REPLICATION: 5 samples per station; 10 station locations anlyzed with 3 randomly drawn replicates analyzed per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: raw data compiled on i.otu& spreadsheets; also archived at University of Washington computer center STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Everett Harbor, immediately south of public boat launch ramps REFERENCES: BioAquatics International (Cheny). 1987. Marina mitigation and monitoring plan. William Hulbert Mill Company. RESPONDENT: Cheney, BioAquatics International D-142 ------- Harpacticoida (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mixed fines (sand and silt) with gravel cobble; log raft on 1/3 of site removed in 1988 TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1987. upper 1910 m-2; mid 13,007 m-2; lower 1857 m.2; 1988 upper marsh 1080 m-2; upper 1460 m-2; mid 2620 m-2; lower 2870 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: hydraulic pump; filtered water lying over 0 1 m2; filtered with a 0.25 mm net; pumped for 34) to 45 seconds; sampled 19 May 1987 and 29 August 1988 DESIGN: both periods: 3 stations (upper and low intertidal, and upper subtidal); August 1988 additional marsh station sampled; 1988 subtidal in basin dredeged on 8/87 REPLICATION: five stations sampled; three/station analyzed (2/station archived) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Lotus spreadsheet; data files archived at University of Washington computer center STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries only GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Gig Harbor at foot of Dorotich Street REFERENCES: BioAquatics International (Cheney). 1987. Derotich Marina mitigation and monitoring plan Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Servie, Olympia. RESPONDENT: Cheney, BioAquatics International D-143 ------- Harpacticus uniremis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults: mean = 43553 + /- 1 s.d. =12655.5 m-2; range: 55.6-52222.2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults: mean=292 +1- 1 s.d.=780 rng m-2; range: 6-3222 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in late April SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal elevation REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, .1. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-144 ------- Harpacticus uniremis GROUP: epibenthic plankiers HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: compacted silt at edge of emergent marsh; approximate tidal elevation + 2 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=2037.5 +/- 1 s.d.= 1147.5 m2, range: 750.0-3437.5 m-2; copepodids: mean = 3075 + /- 1 s.d. = 673.7; range: 21873-38123 BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=314 1- I s.d.=8 mg m.2; range: 113-519 mg m-2; copepodids. mean = 68 + /- 1 s.d. = 10 mg m-2; range: 50-81 mg m-2 SEASONALfly: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered, w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec. DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion (early March) REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, tile type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to rn-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms SOURCES LOCATION: Swinornish Channel; salt marsh adjacent to bingo parlor just west of railroad bridge crossing of channel REFERENCES: Cordell, i. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-145 ------- Harpacticus uniremis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: in tidal channel draining lagoon behind dredge spoil islands; sandy at 0.0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults combined: mean= 37.5 +1- 1 s.d.= 62.2 m2; range: 0-125.0 m-2; copepodids: mean = 16873 + /. 1 s.d. = 805.3; range: 687.5-23123 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults combined: mean =4 /- 1 s.d. = 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2; copepodids: mean = 15 /- 10 s.d.= less than 1 mg m-2; range: 6-19mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI rnesopump); battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec. DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion (early March) REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, tile type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms SOURCES LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; tidal channel in mudflat emptying lagoon just north of railroad bridge on west dredge spill islands REFERENCES: Cordell, .1. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-146 ------- Harpacticus uniremis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on promontory just across channel from dredge spoil island, at outer edge of salt marsh, mud at + 1.5 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=925.0 /- 1 s.d.=833.0 m2; range: 375-2062.5 m.2, copepodids: mean =650.0 +1- 1 s.d.=575.5; rangr 250-1250 BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults combine& mean = 145 + /- 1 s.d. = 13 mg m-2; range: 63-300 mg m-2; copepodids: mean=30 /- 1 s.d.=3 mg m-2; range: 13-63 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec. DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion (early March) REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms SOURCES LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; mud at margin of saltmarsh north of railroad bridge on west dredge spill islands REFERENCES: Cordell, 3. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc, 43 pp RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-147 ------- Harpacticus uniremis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +05 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINiTY; 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: copepodids mean = 520.8 + /- 1 s.d. = 1573 m-2 (no other life history stages found) BIOMASS LEVELS: copepodids: mean = 8.0 + /- 1 s.d. = 0 mg m-2 (no other life history stages found) SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FR! mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports; sieved through 1.30-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sarnpled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., J. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-148 ------- Harpacticus uniremis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand TEMPERATURE: SAUNITY: FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =64.0 +1- 143.1 m-2; range: 0-320 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: mean = 3 + /- 10 mg m-2; range: 0-16 mg m-2 SEASONALITY. n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July) REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation) SOURCES LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubi. data. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-149 ------- Harpacticus uniremis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS; adults: mean = 3.0 + /. 1 s.d. = 5.1 100-cm2; copepodids: mean = 3.5 + /- 1 s.d. = 4.5 100-cm2, for high epiphyte plant; none on non-epiphyte plant BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=03 +1- 1 s.d.=0.8 mg 100-cm2; copepodids: mean=0.01 +/- 1 s.d.=0.O1 mg 100- cin2, for high epiphyte plant, none on non-epiphyte plant SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-an segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in situ); in laboratory, animals washed out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n=2 plants DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., 3. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-U W.8813, Fish. Res Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) D-L50 ------- RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D.151 ------- Hem igrapsus spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE SALINiTY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 +/-6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 +/-4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m-2; induded in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.0 m; 1 miii. suction/sample REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanairno) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A Suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; GL WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. D-152 ------- Hemigrapsus spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mixed cobble sediments; under boulders and cobble 0- + 1.8 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: Hemigrapsus oregonesis OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 20-160 m-2 at +0.9 mMLLW BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN. stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; F tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal rnacrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-153 ------- Heptacarpus spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: tide pools, 0-1.8 mMLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2. < 100 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrat.s; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDEWF: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-L54 ------- Heptacarpus spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: rocky, with turf algae; usually more abundant in filamentous, than foliose algae TEMPERATURE: 7+ C SAUNITY: FOOD: detritus OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-240 m-2, mean .49 m-2; SD=75 BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-5 gm m-2 , mc n .8o. SD = 5.64 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Airlift (using SCUBA), by scrapping and vacuuming 10 cm2 areas with turf algae from the hard substrata DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths; see Benson 1989 re. design REPLICATION: n=5 at each depth interval DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: no specific format STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts SOURCES LOCATION: artificial reefs off Edmonds, Gedney Island, Onamac Point, Possession Point, Misery Point, Point Heyer, Toliva Shoal, Itsami Ledge, and Boeing Creek REFERENCES: Benson, B.L. 1989. Air-lift sampler: Applications for sampling hard substrata. Bull. Mar. Sd. 44(2). (In press). Hueckel, GJ., and R.M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs in Puget Sound, Washington Env. Biol. Fish. 19(3):195-214. RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries D-155 ------- Hippolytidae (unid.) GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand TEMPERATURE: SAUNITY: FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 24.0 + /- 1. s.d. = 21.9 m-2; range: 0.0-40.0 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =12 + /. 1 s.d. =10 mg m-2; range: 8-28 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July) REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation) SOURCES LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and 3. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-1 .56 ------- Hippolytidae (unid.) GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: rocky, with turf algae; usually more abundant in lilamentous, than foliose algae TEMPERATURE: 7+ C SALINITY: FOOD: detritus OTHER: Spirontocaris spp. OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-240 m-2; mean =49 m-2; SD=75 BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-5 gm m-2; mean = 2.86; SD = 5.64 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Airlift (using SCUBA), by scrapping and vacuuming 10 cm2 areas with turf algae from the hard substrata DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths; see Benson 1989 re design REPLICATION: n=5 at each depth interval DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: no specific format STATISTICAL ANALYSIS standardized to per square meter GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts SOURCES LOCATION: artificial reefs off Edmonds, Gedney Island, Onamac Point, Possession Point, Misery Point, Point Heyer, Toliva Shoal, Itsami Ledge, and Boeing Creek REFERENCES: Benson, B.L. 1989. Air-lift sampler: Applications for sampling hard substrata. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44(2). (in press). Hueckel, GJ., and R.M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs in Puget Sound, Washington. Env. Biol. Fish. 19(3):195-214. RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries D-157 ------- Insecta (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE fine day mud (channel bottom); dean sand (sandflat); silty sand (marsh) TEMPERATURE ap I. 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: macro algae, diatoms, etc. OTHER: effects of eelgrass on benthos; effect of tidal flat pools OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: range = 200-40,000 invertebrates m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: highest numbers in summer/fall; freshwater input accects species composition SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.05 m2 sampler used to 15 cm depth and then dug out; seived through a .595 nm screen DESIGN: sampled monthly at 11 station located from a marsh area to subtidal channel bottom; during summer sampled eelgrass and non-eelgra.ss sediments REPLICATION: n=3 at each station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: paper data sheets with station and number of invertebrates STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number m-2; log transformed for statistical analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots by tidal height; location SOURCES LOCATION: Baker Bay, Columbia River Estuary, near liwaco, Washington REFERENCES: Furota, and R.L Emmett. in prep. Benthic invertebrates along a transect in Baker Bay Unpubl. rep., NOA.A-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-158 ------- Ischyrocerus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plaxilcters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand TEMPERATURE: SAlINITY: FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 2992.0 + /. 1. s.d. =14984 m-2; range. 1440-4800 m-2; combined adults mean= 1844.0 /- I s.d.= 891.7 m-2; range. 840-2920 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 163 + /. 1 s d,=90 mg m-2; range: 64-272 mg m-2; combined adults mearn =651 + /- 1 s.d =430 mg m-2; range: 316-1260 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July) REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation) SOURCES LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubi. data. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-159 ------- Ischyrocerus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SAUNITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean=0.2 +/- 1 s.d.=0.6 100-cm2; egg-c females: mean= 0.3 +/- 1 s.d.= 1.0 100- cm2, for high epiphyte plant BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=0.4 +1- 1 s.d.= 1.1 mg 100-cm2; egg-c females: mean=0.9 /- 1 s.d.=2.7 mg 100- cm2, for high epiphyte plant SEASONAUTY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-cm segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in situ); in laboratory, animals washed Out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n=2 plants DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist, otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Simenscad, C. A .1. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW -8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) D-160 ------- RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-161 ------- Leptocottus armatus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand W I some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 12.2 + /- 1 s.d. = 20.7 m-2; range: 0.1-75.3 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: (standing crop data not summarized) SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-/late July SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30-rn from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage, enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt.) REPLICATION: n = 3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d piots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordeli, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-162 ------- Leptocottus armatus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fme sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SAUNITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 12.1 + /- 1 s.d. =103 m-2; range: 2.2-38.7 m2 BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized; data available) SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt.) REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflai (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately east of marina breakwater REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingharn, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-163 ------- Leptocottus armatus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vauchcria cuscrcd flats much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 199 I - I s.d 20.2 m-2; range: 1.0-78.1 BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized. data a%ailable) SEASONALITY: maxima in earls March Uccruits) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (11W School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats, small catches retained, large catches subsainpled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet WI) REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ 11W ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2, log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise K.ruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Sratgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats C 1.8 iii MLLW REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENI: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-164 ------- Leptocottus armatus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand to mud TEMPERATURE: SALINTTY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 19.1; day & night catches comparable BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: most abundant in spring & summer SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37m beach seine; floating DESIGN: weekly or twice weekly samples collected February.iuly 1978; both day & night hauls made; 3 eelgrass sites sampled; 30m hauls REPLICATiON: 2 samples per site DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Nisqually Reach REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research institute, FRI-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-165 ------- Littorina spp. GROUP: surface epifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on cobble; + 0.9-1.8 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: api. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0.9 mMLLW: 30-1075 m2 BIOMASS LEVELS: 0 mMLLW: 40-740gm m-2; +0.9 m MLLW: 10-625 gm m-2 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 crn2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and.Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-166 ------- Macoma spp. GROUP: sedentary infauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine day mud (channel bottom); dean sand (sandflat); silty sand (marsh) TEMPERATURE: apx. 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: maao algae, diatoms, etc. OTHER: effects of eelgrass on benthos; effect of tidal flat pools 0CCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: range = 200-40,000 invertebrates m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALrTY: highest numbers in summer/fall; freshwater input accects species composition SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.05 m2 sampler used to 15 an depth and then dug out; seived through a .595 nm screen DESIGN: sampled monthly at 11 station located from a marsh area to subtidal channel bottom; during summer sampled eelgrass and non-eelgrass sediments REPUCATION: n = 3 at each station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: paper data sheets with station and number of invertebrates STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number m-2; log transformed for statistical analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots by tidal height; location SOURCES LOCATION: Baker Bay, Columbia River Estuary, near liwaco, Washington REFERENCES: Furota, and R.L Emmett. in prep. Benthic invertebrates along a transect in Baker Bay Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-167 ------- Macoma spp. GROUP: sedentary infauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE fine sand; silt clay with high organics (wood chips) TEMPERATURE: 0.25 C SALINITY: 0.32 ppt FOOD: algal, micro flora on detritus particles OTHER: currents, wave action on flats OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-60,000 m .2 depending on species BIOMASS LEVELS: available at NMFS SEASONALITY: peaks in spring of fall-winter depending on species and Station location SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.05 Powan dredge; samples were collected during high tide from vessel, washed through .595 (#30) mesh siz, preserved in forinalin (10%) and then identified in lab DESIGN: quarterly samples of many (non-random) selected sites throughout the estuary REPLICATION: n = 2 per station for invertebrates; n =1 for sediment structure DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: on paper, never archived properly STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number m-2 at each station/season; sediment grain size SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River estuary REFERENCES: Durkin, J.T., and RI. Emmett. 1978. Benthic invertebrates of Baker Bay, Youngs Bay, and adjacent areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D -168 ------- Macoma spp. GROUP: sedentary infauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: medium to fine sand to sandy silt TEMPERATURE: 17 C SALINITY: 26 ppt FOOD: diatoms; 100-8,000 I-i OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: range = 3000-6,500 (in control and test plots) BIOMASS LEVELS: range = 120-370 kg m-2 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 or 0.10 m2 quadrat; sampling to 50 cm; sieved to 3-5 mm, sorted by species, counted, measured (to nearest mm), and weighed (net weight, whole) DESIGN: fixed sampled points within a 5 to 100 acres area with randomly selected stations in a 100 m2 area around each point; sampled from -ito +2 (MLLW); 15-30 samples/sample period REPLICATION: usually none; sampling pepeated quarterly to annually; ocasional station with 3-5 replicates DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Lotus spreadsheets STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries, length/weight curves fitted GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length frequncies; length vs. weight and estimated age, total abundance (density); vs sample period and age (size) group SOURCES LOCATION: Skagit Bay near Browns Slough REFERENCES: Cheney, D. and Harmon. Pre- and post-harvest environmental studies of a hydraulic clam rake operation in Skagit Bay. University of Washington Sea Grant, Sea Harvest. RESPONDENT. Cheney, BioAquatics International D-169 ------- Macoma spp. GROUP: sedentaiy infauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOCY SUBSTRATE: fine to medium sand to clay hardpan; shell debris abundant on unconsolidated substrate; nearly all clams (96%) were in sand to cobble sediments at 0 to -8 ft TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: Macoma nasata, M. secta OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS. 0 to -Sit $ m-2. -5 to -8 ft: 2.0 m-2; -8 to -15 ft. 00 m-2, -15 to -25 ft 0.7 m.2; below -25 ft: 0.0; mean=9.3 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: mean =76.5 g m.2 SEASONALITY: none; not measurcd SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: venturi dredge; 6 in (i.d.) hydraulic suction dredge; clams were collected in a 0.75 in mesh vexar bag; substrate vacuumed with in a 025 m2 quadrat to a depth of 50 cm DESIGN: samples from stations fixed by a predetermined transect perpendicular to shore at depths of -0 4 to -48.0 ft (MLLW); all sampled on August 15, 1986 REPLICATION: none, 22 samples overall DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: simple spreadsheets STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none; basic data summary only GRAPHS AND FIGURES none SOURCES LOCATION: Elliott Bay immediately west of piers 90-91 REFERENCES: BioAquatics International (D. Cheney). 1986. Distribution and abundance of subtidal hardshell clams at the Elliott Bay Marina project site. Elliott Bay Marina Group. Project Rpt. 11 pp. RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International D-170 ------- Mya arenaria GROUP: sedentary infauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mixed cobble sediments at approximately 0 rn MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m .2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep; seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large infauna; 31.2 cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples; 4 reps for cores at each station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy-, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-171 ------- Mya arenaria GROUP: sedentary infauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: medium to fine sand to sandy silt TEMPERATURE: 17 C SALINiTY: 26ppt FOC)D: diatoms 100-8,000 1-1 OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean=1C)4 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: mean = 3 kg.m-2 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 or 0.10 m2 quadrat; sampling to 50 cm; sieved to 3-5 mm, sorted by species, counted, measured (to nearest mm), and weighed (net weight, whole) DESIGN: fixed sampled points within a 5 to 100 acres area with randomly selected stations in a 100 m2 area around each point; sampled from -ito +2 (MLLW); 15-30 samples/sample period REPLICATION: usually none; sampling pepeated quarterly to annuallr, ocasional station with 3-5 replicates DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Lotus spreadsheets STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries, length/weight curves fltted GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length frequncies; length vs. weight and estimated age, total abundance (density); vs. sample period and age (size) group SOURCES LOCATION: Skagit Bay near Browns Slough REFERENCES: Cheney, D. and Harmon. Pre- and post-harvest environmental studies of a hydraulic dam rake operation in Skagit Bay. University of Washington Sea Grant, Sea Harvest. RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International D-i72 ------- Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry) GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: unknown TEMPERATURE: available SALINITY: available FOOD: see Fresh et al. (1981) OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all size classes captured; data available but not summarized; fish were I +; probably were residents (had not left Puget Sound) BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: not sufficient data SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 500m x 55m (2 cm mesh) purse seine DESIGN: 3 sampling trips made in 1979 in Puget Sound south of Possession Point; numerous sites sampled, both day & night hauls REPLICATION: same sites DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: MESA/NODC; forms STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: N/A GRAPHS AND FIGURES: N/A SOURCES LOCATION: Puget Sound REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L., R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitfish, and their potential predators and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department of Fisheries Progress Report No. 145. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-173 ------- Oncorhynchus kisutch GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: unknown TEMPERATURE: available SALINITY: available FOOD: see Fresh et al. (1981) OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all size classes captured; data available but not summarized; fish were 1+; probably were residents (had not left Puget Sound) BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: not sufficient data SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 500m x 55m (2 cm mesh) purse seine DESIGN: 3 sampling trips made in 1979 in Puget Sound south of Possession Point; numerous sites sampled, both day & night hauls REPLICATION: same sites DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: MESA/NODC; forms STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: N/A GRAPHS AND FIGURES: N/A SOURCES LOCATION: Puget Sound REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L, R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitfish, and their potential predators and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department of Fisheries Progress Report No. 145. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D-174 ------- Oncorhynchus spp. (fry) GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=3 7 /- 1 s.d. =7.6 m-2, range 0-22.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: (standing crop data not summarized) SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30-rn from and parallet to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches subsampled; sorted to spp and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt) REPU CATION: n = 3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures., histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Siinenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-175 ------- Oncorhynchus spp. (fry) GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine mud to clean sand TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: Corophium spp, Eurytemora affinis, Daphnia spp., Neomysis mercedis, etc. 0TH ER: length of residence, time of day, tidal stage, tidal height OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: highly variable depending on site; estimated 0-10,000; depends on schooling fish and hatchery releases BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: highest numbers in spring-summer and fall; depending on species; winter low SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNiQUES: beach seining; 4-5Gm deep DESIGN: various sites depending on study; sample every month REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Ascii, NMFS format; stored on NWAFC Burroughs computer STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: CPUE GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number vs. time; length frequency distribution; IRI figures SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River Estuary REFERENCES: National Marine Fisheries Service. 1981. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program report: Salmonid and non-salmonid fish. NOA.A4 IMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-176 ------- Oncorhynchus spp. (fry) GROUP: motile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: various TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: Corophium spp., calanoid copepods, insects, inysids, Daphnia spp., etc OTHER: tidal stage, time of day, tidal height OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-40,000/set; depends on schooling fish and hatchery releases BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: highest numbers in summer/fall depending on species of concern and area in estuary SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: purse seine; collect, identify, measure, and weigh fish species; sample once/month depending on study; sometimes more intensive during salmonid migration DESIGN: 10-200 m deep; 03 in. stretch mesh; knotless bunt; 2 vessels used; seining done all at flood, high slack tide REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCu NMFS format, species code; transformed to CPUE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA on logged (x+ 1) data; chi-square GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length-frequency distribution; numbers/month; # species/month SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River estuary REFERENCES: McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, and RJ. McConnell. 1987. Abundance and size-dass structure of Dungeness crabs in or near frequently-dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish Cent., Seattle, WA. 31 pp. McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, T.C. Colby, and R.J. McConnell. 1986. Distribution, abundance, and size-class structure of Dungeness crabs in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 57 pp. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-177 ------- Orchestoidea pugettensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand and mixed sand; at +0.9 rnMLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 in MLLW OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, +1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; r tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-178 ------- Paraphoxus spp. GROUP: epibenthic planicters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand, some Enteromorpha TEMPERATURE: SAUNITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 33,209 + /- 2,092 (study area); mean = 33,822 + /- 19,071 (control); range 21,529 to 61,883 m-2; included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONAL ITY: sampled once only, August 25, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 um Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2. On , REPLICATION: n = 3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATiON DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /. std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (zn-2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.) B.C. unpublished report to Public Works Candada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates 1 Ltd. D-179 ------- Paraphoxus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE. sand and mixed sand; 0- + 18 m MLLW TEMPERATURE unknown SALINiTY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 mMLLW OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: rare, apx. 2 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STA11STICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; 7 tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, .1. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-180 ------- Platichthys stellatus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=4.6 +/- 1 s.d. =9.2 m-2; range: 0-33.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: (standing crop data not summarized) SEASONALITY: maxima in mid./late July SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30-rn from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches subsam pled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wi) REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2.d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Siinenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellinghain, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-181 ------- Platichthys stellatus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enterornorpha abundant during much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =2.1 +1- 1 s.d.=4.9 m-2; range: 0.1-17.4 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized; data available) SEASONALITY: maxima in late August SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet WI.) REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing op (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal znudflat (+1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately east of marina breakwater REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Siinenstad, i. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenscad; Fisheries Research Institute D-182 ------- Platichthys stellatus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vaucheria cnvcrcd flats much of spring OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean=0.3 ./. 1 sd =0.6 m-2; range: 0-2.1 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized. data a%dilable) SEASONALITY: maxima in August SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (1TV School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30 m from and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2 DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches subsainpled; sorted to spp. and life history stage, enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt.) REPLICATION: n=3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats @ 1.8 m MLLW REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bdllingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-183 ------- Platichthys stellatus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand to mud TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 130; day & night catches comparable BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sporadically abundant SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 37m beach seine; floating DESIGN: weekly or twice weekly samples collected February-July 1978, both day & night hauls made; 3 eelgrass sites sampled; 30m hauls REPLICATION: 2 samples per site DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Nisqually Reach REFERENCES: Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, C.A. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research Institute, FRI-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp. RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries D.184 ------- Plecoptera (un d.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud and detritus TEMPERATURE: 11-22 C SALINITY: 0-7 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 222 m-2 (June 1987) BIOMASS LEVELS: 22 mg m -2 SEASONALITY: peak in June SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: FRI mesopump (epibenthic suction sampler); 0.016 m2 sampling area; sieved on 150 urn mesh screen DESIGN: 20 sites along transect; sampled monthly March-June (1987) & April (1988) REPLICATION: n=20 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: Lincoln Ave. wetland, Puyallup River, Tacoma WA REFERENCES: Shreffler, DX. 1989. Temporary residence and foraging by juvenile salmon in a restored estuarine wetland. M.S. thesis. Univ. of Washington. 100 pp. RESPONDENT: Shreffler; Fisheries Research Institute D-185 ------- Pleuronichthys vetulus GROUP: sessile fish HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine mud to dean sand TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C SALINITY: 0-32 ppt FOOD: Corophiurn spp, Eurytemora affinis, Daphnia spp., Neomysis mercedis, etc. OTHER: length of residence, time of day, tidal stage, tidal height OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: highly variable depending on site; estimated 0-10,000 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALrFY: highest numbers in spring-summer and fall; depending on species; winter low SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: beach seining 4-50 m deep DESIGN: various sites depending on study sample every month REPUCATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Ascii, NMFS format; stored on NWAFC Burroughs computer STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: CPUE GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number vs. time; length frequency distribution; IRI figures SOURCES LOCATION: Columbia River Estuary REFERENCES: National Marine Fisheries Service. 1981. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program report: Salmonid and non-salmonid fish. NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA. RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service D-186 ------- Polychaeta (unid.) GROUP. HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand, some Enteromorpha TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 33,209 + /- 2,092 (study area); mean = 33,822 + / - 19,071 (control); range 21,529 to 61,883 m-2; included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY. sampled once only, August 25, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2. Om REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m.2; mean + /- std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.) B.C. unpublished report to Public Works Candada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. D-187 ------- Polychaeta (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus TEMPERATURE SALINITY: >25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /- 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /. 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to 19,249 m-2; included in total epibenthos BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975); powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to 2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken & 10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo) DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate SOURCES LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island REFERENCES: Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A Suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405. Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp. Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. D-188 ------- Polychaeta (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: in mixed cobble sediments TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OTHER: Corophium acherusicum OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: +0.9 m MLLW -24 gm m-2 (6-36 gm m-2 with 95% confidence); 0 in MLLW: 8-24gm m.2 (0- 40 gin m-2 with 95% confidence) SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep, seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large infauna; 31.2 cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples, 4 reps for cores at each station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS species area curves, cluster analysis; regression; T tests, discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-189 ------- Polychaeta (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE mud-sand; sedentaria on cobbles, boulders, and rock walls TEMPERATURE: 9-10 C SALINITY: 30-32 ppt FOOD: CN OTHER: amount of wood debris can affect food supply by increasing C/N; shift in feeding guilds of polychaetes documented OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: see reference; 1000-5000 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: see reference; 03-2.0 g m-2 dry weight SEASONALITY: see feference; dissolved oxygen seemed to overide seasonal effects SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 1) if within SCUBA, quadrat & airlift/suction sampler or corer in appropriate sediment; 2) if beyond SCUBA, Smith-McIntyre grab is prefered device; mesh size of selves = 0.5mm DESIGN: 1) if general survey, transects along depth gradient; 2) ii point or diffuse pollution source, grid or concentric rings REPUCATION: minimum n=3 per station; n=5 is preferred or number to be read asymptote of species-sample plot DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: SAS files; hard copy and microfiche for archiving STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: univariate at first cut; frequently multivariate depending on objectives GRAPHS AND FIGURES: spatial plots, histograms on transects, duster diagrams SOURCES LOCATION: Albernit Inlet, B.C. (west coast Vancouver Island) REFERENCES: Levings C.D., et a!. 1983. (review of subtidal benthos in Strait of Georgia) Can. .1. Fish. Aquac. Sci. 40:1120-1141. Levings C.D., et al. 1985. p. 131-158 in Ketchum Ct al. (editors). Wastes in the Oceans, Volume 6. Wiley, Toronto. RESPONDENT: Levings; Department of Fisheries and Oceans D-190 ------- Polychaeta (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silty sand with occassional rocks and cobble; clayey silts with common wood dibris TEMPERATURE: SAuNTrY: FOOD: OTHER: water currents 50-290 ft hr-i during ebb and flood tides OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2000-5300 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: hydraulic lift; Ventari suction device; sampling 0.05 m2 x 100 mm core; sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh bag DESIGN: five stations sampled withinn project area, one in a nearby dredged area; elevations were +04 to -10.7 ft; all sampled on 19 October 1983 (1320-1430) REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: simple numerical summaries STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Gig Harbor near Donkey Creek, at site of now constructed Murphys Landing, a 90 slip marina where 5 acres of mtertidal/subtidal bottom area were developed REFERENCES: Cheney, D.., C. Cheney, M. Jordan, and M. Kyte. 1983. Turner Marina, Gig Harbor, Washington. Supplemental Environmental Information. RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International D-19i ------- Pontogeneia rostrata GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sik-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=9.3 χ1- 1 s.d. =213 m-2; range: 0-55.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=17 +/- 1 s.d.=60 mg m-2, range: 11-272mg m-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in mid.March SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal elevation REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS. AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise K.ruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, 3. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-192 ------- Pontogeneia rostrata GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OThER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 62.5 + /. I s.d.= 62.5 m-2 (no other life history stages found) BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean =29.0 /- 1 s.d.=5.0 mg m-2 (no other life history stages found) SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Simenstad,, C. A., 3. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRJ-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-193 ------- Pontogeneia rostrata GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE coarse sand TEMPERATURE: SALINFrY: FOOD: OThER: dense Zostera marina meadow OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 104.0 + /- 1. s.d. = 1043 m.2; range: 120.240 m-2; combined adults: mean= 184.0 +/- 1 s.d.=282.4m-2; range: 280-640m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=41 χ/- 1 s.d.=40 mg m-2; range: 56-84mg m-2; combined adults: mean= 162 + /- 1 s.d. = 240 mg m.2; range: 148-508 rng m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July) REPLICATION: n = S DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation) SOURCES LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubi. data. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-194 ------- Pontogeneia rostrata GROUP: epibenthic planicters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; + 0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults mean =0.2 + /- 1 s.d. = 0.7 100-cm2; juveniles: mean = 5 0 + /- 1 s.d. = 7.8 100-cm2, for high epiphyte plant BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=0.01 χ1- 1 s.d.=0.01 mg 100-cm2,juveniles mean=3.9 /- 1 s.d = 7 .7mg 100-cm2, for high epiphyte plant SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-cm segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in situ); in laboratory, animals washed out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n = 2 plants DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun aub marsh REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., J. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, C. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) D-195 ------- RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-196 ------- Pugettia gracilis GROUP: evasive macroepifauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on cobble, under cobble, in mixed sediments, at 0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unkno SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unkno OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m.2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 8 reps per station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; V tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, J. 1977. The impaci of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-197 ------- Scirpus americanus GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand to day TEMPERATURE soil temp = 12-16 C in May SALINITY: 0-12 ppt FOOD: OTHER: redox. (+)155.(.)435 mV OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: 600 g dry weight m SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects, continuous presence/absence data; added to 16 environmental stations; sampled weekly at environmental plots for phenology. growth, salinity, temperature DESIGN: sampled production at end of season REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals SOURCES LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork REFERENCES: Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh PhD dissertation, University of Washington. Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. .J. Bot 61:1105-1116. Ewing, K. 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh. Estuaries 9:49-62. Ewing, K. 1989. (manuscript) RESPONDENT: Ewing; Range Science Department D-198 ------- Scirpus maritimus GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS BIOMASS LEVELS Deschampsia assemblage 500-1580 g dry i m-2 SEASONALITY: all seasons - peak live material in August. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: standing stock: 0.25 or 1.0 m2 quadrats DESIGN: random samples within strata REPLICATION: 2-30 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus flies STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Grays Harbor, Drayton Harbor REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., CA Simenstad, J.R, Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. Fisheries mitigation plan for expansion of moorage at Blame Marina, Blame, Washington. FRI-UW-8817. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-199 ------- Scirpus maritimus GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand to clay TEMPERATURE: soil temp = 12-16 C in May SALINITY: 0-12 ppt FOOD: OTHER: redox. (+)155 .(-)435 mV OCCLJRENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: 425 g dry weight m-2 SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects; continuous presence/absence data; added to 16 environmental stations; sampled weekly at environmental plots for phenology, growth, salinity, temperature DESIGN: sampled production at end of season REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals SOURCES LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork REFERENCES: Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh. PhD dissertation. University of Washington. Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. J. Bot. 61:1105.1116. Ewing, K. 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh. Estuaries 9:49.62.. Ewing, K. 1989. (manuscript) RESPONDENT: Ewing; Range Science Department D-200 ------- Scirpus validus GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARAcrERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand silt TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: 0 ppt (freshwater) FOOD: OTHER: 0CCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: one sampling only; Sept. 1987 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Braun-Blonquet sociability classes (ito 5); abundance & coverage (+ ,1-6) DESIGN: 10 plots; 1 m2 plots; to obtain natural marsh coverage data at marina development site prior to construction; compensation site monitoring: species i.d.; 1 m2 plots (n=15); aerial color photographs REPLICATION: n=10-15 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION. DATA FORMAT: raw data; not processed; compensation monitoring on going STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: data will be processed this fall GRAPHS AND FIGURES: data will be processed this fall SOURCES LOCATION: Bridge Pont Harbour Market site North Arm (immediately below Oak St. Bridge in Richmond), compensation site on south side of Mitchell Island (immediately downstream of Arrow Transfer) REFERENCES: Williams, G.L. 1985. Outline of habitat compensation for proposed Bridge Point Harbour Market development, Richmond, B.C. unpubl. report for North Fraser Harbour Commission, Richmond. 35 pp. Williams, G.L 1989. Final report on marsh construction. RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. D-201 ------- Scirpus validus GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE sand to clay TEMPERATURE: soil temp = 12.16 C in May SALINITY: 0-12 ppt FOOD: OTHER: redox. (+)155-(-)435 mV OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects; continuous presence/absence data; added to 16 environmental stations; sampled weekly at environmental plots for phenology, growth, salinity, temperature DESIGN: sampled production at end of season REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals SOURCES LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork REFERENCES: Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh. PhD dissertation, University of Washington. Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. i. Lot. 61:1105-1116. Ewing, K 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh. Estuaries 9:49-62. Ewing, K 1989. (manuscript) RESPONDENT: Ewing, Range Sc ence Department D-202 ------- Tanaidacea (unid.) GROUP: HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silty sand with occassional rocks and cobble; clayey silts with common wood dibris TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: water currents 50-290 ft hr-i during ebb and flood tides OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 28043,860 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: hydraulic lift; Ventari suction device; sampling 0.05 m2 x 100 mm core, sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh bag DESIGN: five stations sampled withinn project area, one in a nearby dredged area; elevations were +0.4 to -10 7 ft; all sampled on 19 October 1983 (1320-1430) REPLICATION: none DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: simple numerical summaries STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. none GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none SOURCES LOCATION: Gig Harbor near Donkey Creek, at site of now constructed Murphys Landing, a 90 slip marina where 5 acres of intertidal/subtidal bottom area were developed REFERENCES: Cheney, D., C. Cheney, M. Jordan, and M. Kyte. 1983. Turner Marina, Gig Harbor, Washington Supplemental Environmental Information. RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International D-203 ------- Tellina spp. GROUP: sedentary infauna HABITAT CHARACrERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mixed cobble sediments at approximately 0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: unknown SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt FOOD: unknown OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: rare (<1 m-2) BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep; seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large infauna; 31.2 cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, +0.9, +1.8 m above MLLW) REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples; 4 reps for cores at each station DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; 1 tests; discriminant analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point REFERENCES: Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices. RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency D-204 ------- Tisbe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July) SALINITY: greater than 25ppt FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults and juveniles:mean = 32752.7 + /. 1 s.d. = 56834.7 m-2; range: 125-207777.8 rn-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults and juveniles:mean = 677 + /- 1 s.d. = 1030 mg m-2; range: 6-3222 mg ni-2 SEASONALITY: maxima in late April SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen, pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal elevation REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina REFERENCES: Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and adjacent mudflats and ceigrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-890i, Final Rep. prep. for The Port of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-205 ------- Tisbe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE compacted silt at edge of emergent marsh; approximate tidal elevation + 2 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: SAUNfl : FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adult: mean = 125.0 + /. 1 s.d. = 623 m2; range: 623-1873 m-2; copepodids: mean = 250 + /- 1 s.d. = 34.2; range: 0-62.5 BIOMASS LEVELS: adult: mean =6 + /- 1 s.d.= 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2; copepodids: mean = 3 + /- 1 s.d. =1 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING MF HODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec. DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion (early March) REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrogranis SOURCES LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; salt marsh adjacent to bingo parlor just west of railroad bridge crossing of channel REFERENCES: CordeU, i. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthiczooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-206 ------- Tisbe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: in tidal channel draining lagoon behind dredge spoil islands; sandy at 0.0 m MLLW TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS- all adults combined: mean= 100.0 /- 1 s.d.=223.7 m2, range: 62.5-312.5 m-2; copepodids: rnean=873 +/- 1 s.d.=713; range: 623-1873 m-2 BJOMASS LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=3 /- I s.d.=1 mg m-2; range: 0-6mg m.2; copepodids: mean=5 +/- 1 s.d.= less than 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec. DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion (early March) REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograrns SOURCES LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; tidal channel in mudflat emptying lagoon just north of railroad bridge on west dredge spill islands REFERENCES: Cordell, J. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp. RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-207 ------- Tisbe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE on promontory just across ch inneI from dredge spo 11 island, at outer edge of salt marsh; mud at + 1.5 m MLLW TEMPERATURE SALINiTY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean=37.5 +1- 1 s.d.=55.9 m2; range: 62.5-125.0 m-2; copepodids: mean=37.5 +/- 1 s.d.=83.9; range: 0-1873 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean = 3 + /- 1 s.d. = I mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2; copepodids: mean = 1 + /- 1 s.d. = less than 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: n.a. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 150.um mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec. DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion (early March) REPUCATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms SOURCES LOCATION: Swinornish Channel; mud at margin of saltmarsh north of railroad bridge on west dredge spill islands REFERENCES: Cordell, J. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp. RESPONDENT: Sόnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-208 ------- Tisbe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand W/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +0.5 ft MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adult: mean=1625.0 +/-l s.d =1701.3 m-2; egg-c females: mean=83.3 +/-1 s.d.=95.5 m-2; copepodids: mean= 1291.7 + /- 1 s.d = 1592.6 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: adult: mean=23.0 +/- 1 s.d.=30 mg m-2; egg-c females: mean=4.0 +/- 1 s.d.=O mg m-2; copepodids: mean=8.0 + /- 1 s.d. =0 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 um in laboratory DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 03 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES - LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; fiat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., I. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) D-209 ------- RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-210 ------- Tisbe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-fine sand; no surface organics TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28-29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbancc OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 20.8. 1 s d - 36.1 for juv. (no adults found) BIOMASS LEVELS: mean = 6 0 mg. I s d .00, damped wet weight for juv. (no adults found) SEASONALITY: no data other than for earls May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports; sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along estabIished research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n=5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FR!; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2, log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Sirnenstad, C. A., 3. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-211 ------- Tisbe spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand ThMPERATURE. SAL Th FOOD: OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean 2688.0 + /- 1. s.d. 1043.6 m-2; range: 1520-4160 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=48 +/- 1 s.d.=30 mg m-2; range: 24-80 mg m-2 SEASONALITY: na. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.1O-rn2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports; organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec. DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July) REPLICATION: n = 5 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC codes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2 GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation) SOURCES LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data. RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-212 ------- Tisbe spp. GROUP: epibenthic planicters HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand WI gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +03 ft. MLLW tidal elevation TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C SALINITY: 28.29 ppt FOOD: OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean = 7.8 + /- 1 s.d. =6.9 100-cm2; egg-c females: mean = 3.6 + /- 1 s.d. =4 8 100- cm2; copepodids: mean = 18.5 + /. 1 s.d = 27.5 100-cm2, for high epiphyte plant BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=0.3 +/- 1 s.d.=0.4 mg 100-cm2; egg-c females mean=0.3 1 - I s.d.=0.4 mg 100- cm2; copepodids: mean = 0.3 + /. 1 s.d. = 0.4, for high epiphyte plant SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-cm segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in situ); in laboratory, animals washed out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along established research transect in PBNERR;sampled with 03 to 1.5 m water depth REPLICATION: n = 2 plants DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all NODC codes used STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat just off Gun Club marsh REFERENCES: Simenstad, C. A., i. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988. Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD) D -213 ------- RESPONDEWr: Simcnstad; Fisheries Research Institute D-214 ------- Typha spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: clay/mud TEMPERATURE: SALINTFY: 0.0 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: percent cover up to 100% BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: summer max cover SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 1.0 m2 quadrat for percent cover DESIGN: systematic samples along elevation gradient REPLICATION: DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Puyallup River estuary REFERENCES: Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, and E.O. Salo. 1987. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase I report. Construction and initial monitoring, July 1985-December 1986. Thom, R.M., CA Simenstad, D.K. Shreffler, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase II report: Year two monitoring, January-December 1987. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8812. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research institute D-215 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel TEMPERATURE 8-28 C SALINITY: 15-31 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wt m-2; net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m2 yr-i SEASONALITY: spring-summer maximum biomass SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity; calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery. Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thom, i.R. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine Biology. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. D-216 ------- Thom, R.M. 1983. Conipostitlon, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60. Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8808. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibriglit. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound. Thom, R.M., CA Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow mn small estuarine harbor. Thom, R.M., KK Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hainpel, C. Law, i. Orensanz, and D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point, Bainbridge Island, Washington A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 61 pp. Thom, R.M., R. Albright, and E.O. Salo 19$4 Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp 87-139 in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head Publ.FRI-UW-8417,Fish Rcs Insi.. Univ of Wash 177pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Re carch Institute D-217 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic maa oalgae HABITAT CHARAC ER1STICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable BIOMASS LEVELS: variable SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 025 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity. calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor, Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery. Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thom, J.R Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine Biology. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. D-218 ------- Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60. Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, IJniviversity of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8808. Thom, R.M 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S Army Corp of Engineers. Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound. Thom, R.M., CA. Siinenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor. Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Fahnagne, 3. Hampel, C. Law, i. Orensanz, and D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point, Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 61 pp. Thom, R.M., R. Albright, and E.O Salo. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp 87-139 in QJ Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project. Duwamish Head. PubI. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-219 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on or closely associated with eelgrass shoots TEMPERATURE: 8-30 C SALINITY: 15-33 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-100% cocr production rates apx. 200-300 g c/sq. rn/yr BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-40 g dry wt/sq m SEASONALITY: year round; most abundant in May-September SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigji. 2) primary productiviiy light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubat ions REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliot Bay, Neah Bay REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refmery. Simenstad, CA, R.M. Thom, JR. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine Biology. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. D-220 ------- Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60. Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8808. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. and R.E. Albright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound. Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, i.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor. Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. E .scofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, 3. Orensanz, and D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point, Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 61 pp. Thom, R.M., R. Albriglfl, and E.O. Salo. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp. 87-139 in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. PubI. FRI.UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-221 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgac HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C SALINITY: 15-3lppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wt m-2; net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i SEASONALITY: spring-summer max. biomass SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor, Elliott Bay; Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Armstrong, J.W., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9:277-290. Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery. Thom, R.M. 1978. The compostion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 237 pp. Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in central Puget Sound, Washington. U.S.A Botanica Marina 23:7-11. D-222 ------- Thom, R.M. 1985, An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seattle. Submitted to the City of Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., . 1W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, and K.K. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on benthic marine flora of the Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea Grant PubI. WSG-WO 77-1. Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9:267-275. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-223 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic rnacroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable BIOMASS LEVELS: variable SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above grQund part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity; calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahursi Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay, Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Armstrong, LW., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9:277-290. Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery. Thom, R.M. 1978. The compost.ion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of bent hic algae on the eastern shore of central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 237 pp. Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in central Puget Sound, Washington. U.S.A. Botanica Marina 23:7-11. D-224 ------- Thom, R.M. 1985. An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seattle. Submitted to the City of Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park ceigrass baseline study. Fmal report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, and K.K. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on benthic marine flora of the Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea Grant Pubi. WSG-WO 77.1. Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9267-275. RESPONDENT. Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-225 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgac HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C SALINITY: 15-31 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dr i m.2, net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i SEASONALITY: spring-summer maiumum hiomass SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 rn2: 0.25 m2. quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productiviiy, light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data flies; Loius files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay: Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay: Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83.99-105. Thom, R.M., R. Albright, C. Simenstad, J. Hampel, J. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984 Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. PubI. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-226 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: N/A OTHER. OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable BIOMASS LEVELS: variable SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNiQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity, light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity: range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay: Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay: Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad Sciences 83:99 10S. Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, C. Simenstad, J. Hampel, J. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. Publ. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-227 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic macroalgae HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: on or closely associated with eelgrass shoots TEMPERATURE: 8-30 C SAUNITY; 15-33 ppt FOOD: N/A OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-100% cover, production rates apx. 200-300 g c/sq. rn/yr BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-40 g dry wt/sq. m SEASONALITY: year round; most abundant in May-September SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bouels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPUCATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Scahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliot Bay; Neah Bay REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. Thom, R.M., R. Albright, C. Simenstad, i. Hampel, J. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renion Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. PubI. FRI-U W-8417, Fish. Res. InsL., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-228 ------- Veneropsis japonica GROUP: sedentary infauna HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand/gravel with abundant shell debris TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: produciton bed: range=50-1580 m-2; mean=738 m .2; SD 348; natural bed: range=30-900 m-2; mean = 198 m-2; SD = 167 m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS; production bed: range=0.9-21.6 kg m-2; mean= 11.7 kg m-2; DS=5.5 kg m-2; natural bed: range=0.5-9.3 kg m-2; mean=3.0 kg m-2; SD=2.3 SEASONALITY: greatest abundance of 6 to 20 mm in summer/fall SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 or 0.10 m2 quadrat; samplint to 20 cm; sieved to 3-5 mm, sorted by species, counted, measured (to nearest mm), and weighed (net weight, whole) DESIGN: fixed sampled points within a 5 to 100 acres area with randomly selected stations in a 100 m2 area around each point; sampled from -ito +2 (MLLW); 15-30 samples/sample period REPLICATiON: usually none; sampling pepeated quarterly to annually; ocasional station with 3-5 replicates DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Lotus spreadsheets STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries, length/weight curves fitted GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length frequncies; length vs. weight and estimated age, total abundance (density); vs. sample period and age (size) group SOURCES LOCATION: Little Skookurn Inlet, soth Puget Sound near Lynch Creek REFERENCES: BioAquatics 1988. Report to Little Skookum shellfish growers, September 1988. RESPONDENT: Cheney; BioAquatica International D .229 ------- Zostera japonica GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: fine sand-coarse sand TEMPERATURE 7-28 C SALINITY: 15-32 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-4000 shoots m-2; 0-250 g dry wt m-2; net productivity = 50 g C m-2 yr-I BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-250 g dry wt m-2 SEASONALITY: spring & summer annual; some plants overwinter SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.1 m2 quadrat; standing stock: a) % cover; b) remove above ground parts, count shhots, dry, & weigh; productivity: a) bimomass changes by repeated harvest; b) DO flux in light & dark chambers DESIGN: standing stock: random samples stratified by elevation; productivity, calculate rates based on standing stock estimates & incubations REPLICATION: 3-5 replicates DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics by unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots & scatter plots by space & time SOURCES LOCATION: Grays Harbor; Neah Bay: Padilla Bay REFERENCES: Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thom, J.R. Cordell, KA. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah Bay, Washington. Pages 504-514 in Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting on Research in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine Biology. Thorn, R.M. (in prep.) Plant standing stock and productivity on tidal flats and gravel in Padilla Bay, Washington: a temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. D-230 ------- Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-231 ------- Zostera japonica GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: soft sediments; mud &.sand TEMPERATURE 6-25 C SALINITY: 24-28ppt FOOD: OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2825-5125 shoots m2 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: minimum winter, maximum summer SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: take 16 cm diameter apx. 30 cm into sediment; wash sediments from plants; count shoots/core; seperate above ground from below ground biomass; remove epiphytes by hand; dry <90 C, weigh DESIGN: 5 randomly selected m2 areas on 150 m long x 4 m wide transect within 1 tidal elevation REPLICATION: 3 cores/m2 plot every 2 months DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Lotus, Excel, or Cricket spreadsheets STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay intertidal sediments REFERENCES: Williams, S.L (unpubL) RESPONDENT: Williams,; Friday Harbor Laboratories D-232 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: coarse sand to mud TEMPERATURE: 7-32 C SALINITY: 15-35 ppt FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNI)ANCE LEVELS: up to 900 shoots ni-2, productivity = 200 - 400 g C/m2/yr BIOMASS LEVELS: up to 300 g dry m-2 SEASONALITY: maximum biomass in summer; minimum in winter SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.1 m2 quadrat; standing stock: a) % cover; b) remove above ground parts, count shoots, dry, & weigh; primary productivity: a) biomass changes by repeated harvest; b) DO flux in light & dark chambers DESIGN: standing stock: random samples stratified by elevation; primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphic data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. by unit area (usually m-2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: live plots & scatter plots by space & time SOURCES LOCATION: Neali Bay, Grays Harbor, Drayton Harbor, Padilla Bay, Skiff Pt., several beaches in central Pugel Sound, Cherry Pt. REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery. Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thorn, J.R. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah Bay, Washington. FRI-UW-8811, Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine BIology. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Plant standing stock and productivity in tidal flats and gravel in Padilla Bay, Washington: a temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment. D-233 ------- Thom, R.M. 1978. The composition, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algea on the eastern shore of central Puget Sound. with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 237 pp. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgras.s meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Intitute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI.UW-8808. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park ceigrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. and R.E. Albright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing stock, irradiance and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound. Thom, R.M., A.E. Copping, and R.G. Albright. 1988. Nearshore primary productivity in central Puget Sound: A case for nutrient limitation in the nearchore systems of Puget Sound. Pages 378-391 in Proceedings of the First Annual Meetin on Research in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, JR. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent rnudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor. Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, JR. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. Fisheries mitigation plan for expansion of moorage at Blame Marina, Blame Washington. FRI-UW-8817, Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine folora at five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9:267-275. Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensanz, and D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habits, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point, Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 61 pp. Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, C. Simen.stad, J. Hampel, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sec. 5, in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study. PubI. FRI-UW-8413, FRI., Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. l 77 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-234 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: winter: 25 ppt; summer: 31.1 FOOD: sunlight, nutrients OTHER: current less than 0.25 knots OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979; width: mean = 1.9-3.1 mm; length: mean = 91-269 mm; leaf area index: mean = 12.7-78.6 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: maximum width spring-fall; maximum length spring-fall; maximum leaf area index spring-fall SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNiQUES: 0.25 in2 quadrats DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal REPLICATION: a> = 3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCi i file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe, printed tables STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA , profile analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots SOURCES LOCATION: intertidal at Youngs Beach at Butte Point (4740 N/122 36 W) REFERENCES: Backman, Thomas W.H. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L. ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington RESPONDENT: Backman; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF) D-235 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE sand TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: winter 25 ppt; summer. 31.1 FOOD: sunlight, nutrients OTHER: current up to 1 knot; secchi 4-6 m OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979; width: mean=2.0-3.6 mm; length: mean= 157 .428 mm; leaf area index: mean = 43-613 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: maximum width spring-fall; maximum length spring-fall; maximum leaf area index summer SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal REPLICATION: a> =3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCii file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe; printed tables STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA, profile analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots SOURCES LOCATION: intertidal just north of Bangor on Hood Canal (4742 N/122 43 W) REFERENCES: Backman, Thomas W.H. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L. ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. RESPONDENT: Backman; US. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF) D .236 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: winter: 25 ppt; summer: 31.1 FOOD: sunlight, nutrients OTHER: current at least 1.0 knots OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979; width: mean =4.6-7.7 mm; length: mean =416-811 mm; leaf area index mean = 11.0-83.9 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: maximum width summer-fall, maximum length summer-fall; maximum leaf area index summer-fall SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal REPLICATION: n> =3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCii file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe, printed tables STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA, profile analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots SOURCES LOCATION: subtidal at Manchester (4734 N/122 32 W) REFERENCES: Backman, Thomas W.H. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L. ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. RESPONDENT: Backman; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF) D-237 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: winter: 25 ppt; summer 31.1 FOOD: sunlight, nutrients OTHER: current less than 0.25 knots OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979; width: mean =23-6.9 mm; length: mean= 138-444 mm; leaf area index: mean = 5.8-36.1 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: maximum width spring-fall; maximum length spring-fall; maximum leaf area index spring-fall SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal REPLICATION: n> =3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCii file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe; printed tables STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA profile analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronolo jcal line plots SOURCES LOCATION: subtidal at Youngs Beach at Butte Point (4740 N/122 36 W) REFERENCES: Backman, Thomas W.H. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L. ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. RESPONDENT: Backinan; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF) D-238 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: winter: 25 ppt; summer: 31.1 FOOD: sunlight, nutrients OTI-IER: current up to 1 knot, secchi 4-t m OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979, iidth mean = 4.0-8.4 mm; length: mean = 209-918 mm; leaf area index. mean = 43-81.4 BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: maximum width spring-fall, maximum length summer-fall, maximum leaf area index fall SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNiQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal REPLICATION: n> =3 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: ASCii file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe; printed tables STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA, profile analysis GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots SOURCES LOCATION: subtidal just north of Bangor on Hood Canal (47 42 N/122 43 W) REFERENCES: Backman, Thomas WE. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. RESPONDENT: Backznan; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF) D-239 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand and silty mixed TEMPERATURE 6-12 C SALINITY: 28-30 ppt FOOD: OThER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: reproductive periodicity shown to be related to factors associated with lattitude (esp. temperature) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: collect 50 shoots haphazardly monthly for 4 yrs from 4 different locations in Puget Sound; analyze for 3 stages of sexual development: 1) visible flowers; 2) visible anthesis ; 3) visible fruits DESIGN: in each case, the first date of these events was desired; recorded water temperature and salinity at time of each plant collection; phenology evaluated REPLICATION: n = 50 shoots/location DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: voucher specimens preserved; deposited at herbarium STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA for site differences; linear regressions for differences due to lattitude and ocean; latter performed if ANOVA indicated significant site variation; three linear predictive models const. GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: Edmonds, Hood Canal, Alki Points, Bainbridge Island REFERENCES: Phillips, R.C., C. McMillan, and K.W. Bridges. 1983. Phenology of eelgrass, Zostera Marina L., along lattitudinal gradients in North America. Aquatic Botany 15:145-156. RESPONDENT: Phillips; Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences D-240 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: soft sediments; mud & sand TEMPERATURE: 6-25 C SALINITY: 24-28 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1250-5063 shoots m-2 BIOMASS LEVELS: summer leaves (above ground) 46-175 g dry m-2, roots/rhizome 39-115 g dry m-2 SEASONALITY: minimum winter, maximum summer SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNiQUES: take 16 cm diameter apx. 30 cm into sediment; wash sediments from plants; count shoots/core; seperate above ground from below ground biomass; remove epiphytes by hand; dry <90 C, weigh DESIGN: 5 randomly selected m2 areas on 150 m long x 4 m wide transect within 1 tidal elevation REPLICATION: 3 cores/m2 plot every 2 months DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Lotus, Excel, or Cricket spreadsheets STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: Padilla Bay intertidal sediments REFERENCES: Williams, Si. (unpubi.) RESPONDENT: Williiims,; Friday Harbor Laboratories D-241 ------- Zostera spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATIJRE SALINITY: FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable BIOMASS LEVELS: variable SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity; calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery. Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thom, J.R. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle. Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass system. Marine Biology. Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. D-242 ------- Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60. Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8808. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound. Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, JR. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor. Thom, R.M., K.K Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensanz, and D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point, Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 61 pp. Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, and E.O. Salo. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap 4, pp. 87-139 in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. PubI. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-243 ------- Zostera spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATURE: SAUNffY: FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable BIOMASS LEVELS: variable SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 in2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity: calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: NStatgraphics data files; Locus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Armstrong, J.W., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9:277-290. Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery. Thom, R.M. 1978. The compostion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 237 pp. Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in ccntral Puget Sound, Washington. U.SA. Botanica Marina 23:7-11. D-244 ------- Thom, R.M. 1985. An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seattle. Submitted to the City of Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong. C.P. Staude, and K.K. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on bent hic marine flora of the Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea Grant Publ. WSG-WO 77-1. Thom, R.M., 3W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and RE. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9:267-275. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-245 ------- Zostera spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble TEMPERATURE: SALINITY: FOOD: N/A OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable BIOMASS LEVELS: variable SEASONALITY: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productavity light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity calculate rates based on standing stock estimates and incubations REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m) GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation SOURCES LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay, Seahursi Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point; Grays Harbor; Elliott Bar, Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches REFERENCES: Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences 83:99-105. Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, C. Simenstad, J. Hampel, J. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwarnish Head. PubI. FRI-UW.8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp. RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute D-246 ------- Zostera spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY SUBSTRATE: sand and silty mixed TEMPERATURE: 6-12 C SALINITY: 28-30 ppt FOOD: OTHER: OCCURENCE ABUNDANCE LEVELS: BIOMASS LEVELS: SEASONALITY: reproductive periodiciry shown to be related to factors associated with lattirude (esp. temperature) SAMPLING METHODOLOGY TECHNIQUES: collect 50 shoots haphazardly monthly for 4 yrs from 4 different locations in Puget Sound; analyze for 3 stages of sexual development: 1) visible flowers, 2) visible anthesis ; 3) visible fruits DESIGN: in each case, the first date of these events was desired; recorded water temperature and salinity at time of each plant collection; phenology evaluated REPLICATION: n = 50 shoots/location DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION DATA FORMAT: voucher specimens preserved; deposited at herbarium STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA for site differences; linear regressions for differences due to lattitude and ocean; latter performed if ANOVA indicated significant site variation; three linear predictive models const. GRAPHS AND FIGURES: SOURCES LOCATION: Edmonds, Hood Canal, Alki Points, Bainbridge Island REFERENCES: Phillips, R.C., C. McMillan, and K.W. Bridges. 1983. Phenology of eelgra.ss, Zostera Marina L., along lattitudinal gradients in North America. Aquatic Botany 15:145-156. RESPONDENT: Phillips; Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences D-247 ------- SUPPLEMENT 5. ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTIONS This appendix contains a description for each attribute utilized in the Protocol. These occur in alphabetical order and thcludc (1) an illustration, usually indicating a diagnostic characteristic; (2) its Attribute Group; (3) a general description, which indicates describes particularly distinguishing characteristics and life histor a pccts. (4) specific characteristics (e g., microhabitats) of the estuarine habitat type in which it prcdomin ic. . .ind (5) references associated with these descriptions ------- Abarenicola pacifica GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Lugworms; large sedentary polychacte worm (see pL 8, Kosloff 1983) which leaves a characteristic casting on sediment surface (see fig. 328, ibid.); also see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Soft intertidal and subtidal sediments, e.g. muddy sand in higher, protected flats; live in j- shaped burrows. REFERENCE(S): See Hobson and Banse (1981) for identification; figure from Fauchald (1977). E-2 ------- Acartia californiensis GROUP: pelagic zooplankion DESCRIPTION: Several species, including some undescribed occur in the northeastern Pacific; Sec taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Coastal planktonic. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification; figure from Trinast (1976). E-3 ------- Acartia clausi GROUF pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Several species, including some undescribed occur in the northeastern Pacific; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Coastal planktonic, prominent in embayments. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure. E-4 ------- Aetidius spp. GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod. HABITAT: Planktonic. REFERENCE(S): Sec Gardner and Szabo (1982) for description and figure. E-5 ------- Agrostis alba GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Bentgrass forms exiensive grassy meadows. It differs from Distichlis spicata in that the leaves are not bilaterally placed. This species is usually less than 30 cm tall. HABITAT: Common meadow forming plant in mesohaline marshes, under partly enclosed conditions in sediments with high organic content. REFERENCE(S): Description from WDNR (1989), figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973). ,sr 4 . E-6 ------- Alienacanthomysis macropsis GROUP evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Mysid: see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Neritiq shallow water, may be epibenthic. REFERENCE(S): See Kathmann C L al. (1986) for identification; figure from Smith (1977). 0.5 E-7 ------- Allosmerus elongatus GROUP motile fish DESCRIPTION: The whitebait smelt is known for its long pointed snout, large eye, having dorsal fin placed well back on body, prominent canine tooth on vomer accompainied or not by one or two smaller canine teeth, and one or no pyloric cacca. HABITAT: Almost exclusivly marine. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973). E-8 ------- Alnus rubra GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Under saturated soil conditions, red alder appears shrubby and stunted. Under drier conditions, alder grows to 25 m tall and over 35 cm in diameter. The bark is normally smooth and dirty gray in color, often appearing mottled with light patched. Leaves are 5 to 15 cm long and half as wide, usually dark green, heavily veined, alternate, and distinctively toothed or notched. Separate male and female catkins are produced in the spring prior to the appearance of the leaves. At first the catkins are green. Male cackins arc cylindrical, about 5 mm in diameter and 2 to 5 cm long. Female catkins are more conelike and shorter, to 2.5 cm. Later in summer, these clustered cones turn brown and are an obvious feature. Similar appearing species of alder occur in the Pacific Northwest; however, red alder is the most common. HABITAT: Red alder is a very common, deciduous tree throughout lower elevations of the Pacific Northwest and occurs in both wetland and nonwetland situations. In wetlands, the species is typical of river-bottomlands, especially those west of the Cascades. These areas normally flood for short periods one or more times per year and the soils remain saturated or nearly co for much of the growing season. In its stunted, shrubby form, alder often dominates in the shrub swamps of Pacific Northwest flood plains. Red alder is not considered to be tolerant of saline conditions,, but does occur in tidally- influenced freshwater situations. It frequently is a component of the understory of spruce-dominated swamps. Common understory plants in red alder swamps include lady fern, sedges., and skunk cabbage. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. 1984; figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978. See Hitchcock, vol. 2 for descriptions of other Alnus species. S E-9 ------- Ammodytes hexapterus t GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Pacific sand lance, elongate and silvery with dark blue-green back; projecting lower jaw long spineless dorsal fin; forked caudal (tail) fin. HABITAT: Common schooling baitfish in surface waters or nearshore; often found buried in sand, apparently as antipredator strategy very important as prey for larger fish, including salmon, diving seabirds., and marine mammals; planktivore. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983) E-1O ------- Ampelisca agassizi GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Infaunal tube-dwelling gainmarid arnphipod. HABITAT: Sand and mud bottoms. REFERENCE(S): Sec Dickinson (1982) and Kozloff (1982). A,: S / S E-11 ------- Ampelisca careyi GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Infaunal tube-dwelling gammarid amphipod. HABITAT: Sand and mud bottoms. REFERENCE(S): See Dickinson (1982) and Kozloff (1987). r - E-12 ------- Ampithoe spp. GROUP epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Ganunarid amphipods (Ampithoe and Perampithoc spp.) distinguished by the presence of two hooked spines on the outer ramus of the third uropod. HABITAT: Self-constructed tubes on coastal algae. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Conlan and Bousfield (1982). E-13 ------- Anisogammarus pugettensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod notable for large tooth on second urosomal segment Note Figure unavailable HABITAT: Various substrates, but often associated with eelgrass, algae, and deposits of wood chips REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987). E-14 ------- Anodonta spp. GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Palaeoheterodont bivalve of family Unionidae. HABITAT: REFERENCE(S): No reference or figure available. E-15 ------- Aoroides inermis N / ;.. (/ . l .-.-- .4 GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Tube-dwelling gammarid amphipod. HABITAT: Sand bottoms in the low intertidal and subtidal. REFERENCE(S): See Conlan and Bousfield (1982) and Kozloff (1987). t-1b ------- Apodichthys flavidus GROUP: sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Penpoint gunnel; recognized by large, grooved (pen nib shaped) anal spine and absence of pelvic fins. HABITAT: Intertidal, shallow subtidal sand-gravel; commonly found associated with macroalgae such as Ulva and often assuming corresponding color. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973). E-17 ------- Araneae (unid.) GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates DESCRIPTION: Spiders, see any common invertebrate zoology text or guide (e.g. Borror and White 1970) for identification. HABITAT: Predators in a variety of terrestrial and a few aquatic habitats. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Meglitsch (1972). / E-18 ------- Archaeomysis grebnitzldi GROUP evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Mysid: see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Epibenthic or burrowing on sand, gravel, mud bottoms. REFERENCE(S): See Kathmann Ct al. (1986) for identification and Figure. E-19 ------- 9 I 1 . l . GROUP: epibcnthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod. HABITAT: Low intertidal and subtidal on various substrata; occasionally pelagic. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987). Atylus spp. E-20 ------- Ayes (unid.) GROUP: avifauna DESCRIPTION: General birds; see specific taxa. HABITAT: All estuarine wetland and associated habitats. REFERENCE(S): Any general field key for identification; Yates (1988) describes and includes basic natural history and ecology comments on most common taxa. E-21 ------- Balanus crenatus GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Smooth, almost purely white barnacle; similar to B. glandula. HABITAT: Subtidal and lower intertidal hard substrate. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Kozloff (1983). E-22 ------- Balanus glandula GROUP surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Acorn barnacle; interior base of shell with numerous centripetal ridges and interior surface of scutum with a prominent adductor ridge. HABITAT: Ubiquitous upper midlittoral of rocky and cobble beaches. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983); figure from Yates (1988). E .23 ------- Balanus spp. GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Barnacles: see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Intertidal to shallow subtidal on rocks. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Pilsbry (1916). E-24 ------- Calidris alpina GROUP avifauna DESCRIPTION: Dunlin; sandpiper with longish dark bill with noticable broop at tip; thin white wing stripe, white line above eye in winter. HABITAT: Sand/mudflats and gravel beaches; feed along waters edge. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Yates (1988). E.25 ------- Callianassa californiensis (larvae) GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Ghost shrimp larvae; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing from other decapod larval forms. HABITAT: Larvae planktonic in nearshore waters; epibenthic just before settling. REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1971) for identification; figure mOdified from McCrow (1975). E-26 ------- CaHianassa californiensis GROUP: active infauna DESCRIPTION: Ghost shrimp, also includes C. gigas, a closely related spp.; the ghost shrimp is distinguishable from the other Common mud shrimp, Upogebia, by its chelipeds, which are chelate and extremely unequal in size. HABITAT: Occupies complex, multi-opening burrows in intertidal sand or sandy mud. REFERENCE(S): Sec Kosloff (1987) for identification and figure. E-27 ------- Callianassidae (unid.) GROUP: active infauna DESCRIPTION: Juvenile mud/ghost shrimp. HABITAT: Sand and mud; intertidal to shallow subtidal. REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1982); figure from Yates (1988). E-28 ------- Cancer magister GROUP evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Dungeness crab; distingueshed from other Cancer spp. by dorsal surface and arrangement of spines on carapace, see taxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Sand and eelgrass; intertidal (young-of-year juveniles) and shallow subtidal (larger juveniles, adults). REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1982) for identification and figure. E-29 ------- Cancer productus GROUP: evasive inacrocpifauna DESCRIPTION: Red rock crab; distinguished by black tips of chelipeds and chelia with tubercles. HABITAT: Rocky shores, under rocks, or partly buried under gravel or mud; low intertidal to subtidat. REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1982) for identification and figure. E-30 ------- Cancer spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Crabs; see Cancer niagister and C. productus for specific descriptions. HABITAT: Various benthic habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987). E-31 ------- Cancer spp. (larvae) GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Crab zocac are of distincive shape (see figure); megalopae resemble small adult crabs in which the abdomen has not completely folded under. See taxonomic reference for distinguishing among different species. HABITAT: Planktonic; epibenthic megalopae shortly before settling. REFERENCE(S): See Lougli (1975) for identification; figures from Poole (1966). E-32 ------- Cancer spp. (megalops) GROUP pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: First larval stage which is crab-like; precedes first juvenile instar. HABITAT: Water column to epibenthic boundary layer; sometimes found benthically. REFERENCE(S): Laugh (1975); figure from Poole (1966). E-33 ------- Cancer spp. (zoea) GROUP; pelagic zooplankton DESCRIflION Crab larva with diagnostic rostral, dorsal and lateral spines. HABITAT: Water column, often concentrated along tidal fronts. REFERENCE(S): Lough (1975); figure from Poole (1966). K E-34 ------- Capitellidae (unid.) GROUP sedentary infauna prostomium Capiteflidae: Cap hello caphlala, male, dorsal view DESCRIPTION: Family of slender polychaete worms; distinguished by conidal prostomium and setae consisting of capillary setae and hooded hooks; prominent capitellid in region is Notornastus fenuis. HABITAT: Mudflats and emergent marshes. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1973); figure from Kozloff (1987). E-35 ------- Caprella Iaeviuscula GROUP: epibenthic plankiers DESCRIPTION: Caprellid amphipod: see Laxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Intertidal to shallow subtidal; associated with macropyhtes and other structure. REFERENCE(S): See Laubitz 1970 for identification and figure. E.36 ------- Carex lyngbei GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPrIoN: Growing to 1 m in height, this species is very similar in appearance to Carex obnupta. They both have flat, deep green leaves, 2 to 6 mm wide and to 3 dm long, with an obvious channel running along the icats axis. In tidal situations, that portion of the plant above ground disappears during winter. New growth from the root mass begins in February and floral spikes appear in early spring. Each culm is triangular in cross section and bears three to seven pendulate floral spikes 1.5 to 5 cm long. The two species can be distinguished in the field by the spikes; on C. obnupta the spikes are more erect and sessile due to absence of a peduncle. HABITAT: These sedges are extremely common wetland plants the Pacific Northwest. C. lyngbyei is most frequently associated with low and high brackish marshes in estuaries, although it has been reported in bogs, the understory of swamps, and shallow, freshwater marshes in both tidal and nontidal situations. While the distribution of the two species overlaps, C. obnupta is most common in shallow coastal fresh marshes and coastal swamps. True hydrophytes, these species are almost never found in nonwetland habitats, and then only under very unusual conditions. REFERENCE(S); Identification from Weinman et al. 1984; figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978. I E-37 ------- Carex Iyngbei (seeds) GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: See Carex yngbei HABITAT: Emergent marsh; seeds may be also be seen in neuston samples. REFERENCE(S): See figure in Hitchcock. and Cronquist 1978. E38 ------- Carex spp. GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Sedges; see Carex lyngbyei. HABITAT: Both low and high brackish and coastal marshes, especially common as fringing marshes in estuaries. REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978, vol. 1 for description of Carex species. E-39 ------- Chalidrae (unid.) GROUP: avifauna DESCRIPTION: Sandpipers; small shorebirds with slender, long bills; usually colored mottled grey. HABITAT: Sand/mudflats and gravel beaches. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Yates (1988). DUNLIN L71n Winte E-40 ------- Chironomidae (unid.) GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates DESCRIPTION: Midges; see taxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Midges are found in most wetland systems in a wide range of ecological conditions. REFERENCE(S): See Mcrrit and Cummins (1984) for identification and figure. cvtum .4 E-41 ------- Chironomidae, larvae/pupae GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Midges: see taxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Larvae occur and feed on a great variety of organic substrates; they are found in most aquatic systems in a wide range of ecological conditions. REFERENCE(S): See Merrit and Cummins (1984) for identification and figure. E-42 ------- Citharichthys spp. GROUP sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Sanddabs; small left-eyed flounder (eyes and color on left side); small left pectoral fin; two common species, larger, mottled Pacific sanddab, C. sordidus, and small, spotted speckled sanddab, C. stigmaeus. HABITAT: Mostly found as juveniles on sandy bottoms; benthic feeder. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeycr et al. (1983). E-43 ------- Clinocardium nutalli x 0.4 GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Heart cockle; pronounced radial ribs; see taxonomic reference for other distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Intertidal, shallow subtidal on sand and in ecigrass. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-44 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Pacific herring; moderately small, spawning adults to 30-40 cm; compressed and silvery with no spots or striations on sides. HABITAT: Exceedingly important schooling baitfish, sought commercially as bait and for roe; spawns in kelp and ceigrass beds in winter-spring; juveniles occupy shallow nursery habitats, especially estuaries and bays, through fall. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer c i al. (1983). E-45 ------- Clupea harengus pallasi (eggs) GROUP: surface epilauna DESCRIPTION Eggs of Pacific herring; small, 12-1.5 mm diameter, cream to white eggs which adhere to substrate and each other; usually in clumps but, when sparse, arranged in rows on substrate. HABITAT: Found on eelgrass, kelp, rockweed, and other macroalgae, and often debris, rocks, and pilings, from intertidal to shallow (10 m) subtidal during February thru June. REFERE1 CE(S): Desription from Hart (1973); Phillips (1984). . -l.a.. ,, E-46 ------- Corbicula manilensis GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Medium sized, surface-dwelling bivalve; Note: Figure not available. HABITAT: Subsidiary channels and shallow subtidal habitats on brackish reaches of estuaries. REFERENCE(S): See Keen and Coan (1974). E-47 ------- Corophium salmonis GROUP; cpibenthic plankiers DESCRIPTION: Gaminarid amphipods; distinguishable by greatly enlarged second antennae and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened body. HABITAT: Tube-builders in intertidal to subtidal soft sediments; males and juveniles epibenthic. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification and figure. E-48 ------- Corophium spinicorne GROUP epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipods; distinguishable by greatly enlarged second antennac and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened body; Note: Figure not available; see C. salnionis. HABITAT: Tube builders in intertidal to subtidal soft sediments; males and juveniles epibenthic. REFERENCE(S): See Kozioff (1987) for identification; figure from Rudy and Rudy (1983). E-49 ------- Corophium spp. GROUP: epibenihic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipods, distinguishable by greatly enlarged second antennae and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened body. HABITAT: Tube builders in intertidal to subtidal soft sediments; males and juveniles epibenthic. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification and figure. Corophium salmonis, male Corophium acherusicum, female E-50 ------- Corophium spp. (males) GROUP: epibenthic planktcrs DESCRIPTION: Gammarid ainphipods; distinguishable by greatly enlarged second antennae and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened body. HABITAT: Tube builders in intertidal to subtidal soft sediments; males and juveniles epibenthic. REFERENCE(S): See Kozioff (1987) for identification; figure of C. salmonis male is from Kozioff (1987).. ESi ------- Corycaeus anglicus GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Cyclopoid copepod which is distinguishable by large eye lenses and bluish-green color. HABITAT: Plankionic. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure. E-52 ------- Corycaeus spp. GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Cydopoid copepod; see C. angl:cu.s. HABITAT: Planktonic marine. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for taxonomic differentiation. E.53 ------- Cottidae (unid.) GROUP: sessile fish Anal spines absent; body scaleless or only psrtly DESCRIPTION: Sculpins; typically drab-colored; stout, almost round bodies; larger head with spines and knobs; often scaleless or partially scaled. HABITAT: Found in all habitats; usually demersal, and often limited in movement from home range o tidepool; most feed on small benthic invertebrates. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Miller and Lea (1972). E-54 ------- Cottus spp. GROUP: sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Small scaieless sculpin with uppermost preopercular spine without barbs; two most common species in estuarine habitats include prickly, C. asper, and coastrange, C. aleuticus. HABITAT: Found in mainstream and tidal channels with sandy-gravel to mud substrates; found commonly in emergent marshes; juveniles feed on planktonic invertebrates, adults on benthic invertebrates. REFERENCE(S): Figure of most common species, C. asper, from Eschmeyer et al. (1983). E-55 ------- Crangon franciscorum GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Shrimp. HABITAT: Euryhaline in sandy sediments. REFERENCE(S): See Butler (1980), and Kozloff (1987). E-56 ------- Crangon spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Sand shrimps, see C. franciscontm. HABITAT: Sandy sediments, intertidal to subtidal. REFERENCE(S): See Butler (1980) for identification and illustrations. E-57 ------- Cryptomya californica 2 hor Jrophore GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Medium sized bivalve; equal valves, thin and smooth with few radial striae. HABITAT: Sand/mudflats; siphons open into burrows of Callianassa californiensis. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Kozioff (1983); additional figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-58 ------- Cumella vulgaris GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Cumacean; see taxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: C. vulgaris is one of the most common, abundant infaunal organisms of soft to sandy scdiinents in embayments; males may occur in dense swarms in the water column or on the surface in shallow water. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification, figure from Smith and Carlton (1975). I , . ant.rmo I 5A. pIr.000d 4 PS?IO o 4 E-59 ------- Cymatogaster aggregata GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION; Shiner perch; small seaperch with elliptical body shape, horizontal rows of dark spots on sides crossed by three yellow bars, and usually a black spot above the lip. HABITAT: Extremely abundant surfpcrch, especially in ecigrass and gravel-cobble with macroalgae habitats; viviparous, with young born in spring and summer; typically found in aggregations. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973). I E-60 ------- Daphnia spp. GROUP pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Water fleas; most common of the freshwater cladocerans. See taxonomic references for distinguishing characters. HABITAT: Planktonic freshwater or brackish water near river mouths. REFERENCE(S): See Pennak (1978) for identification and figure. E-61 ------- Decapoda (larvae) GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Various forms; see references for taxonomy and illustrations of diverse forms. HABITAT: Marine planktonic. REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1971), and Smith (1977). E-62 ------- Dend raster excentricus GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIFTION: Sand dollar; disk shaped echinoderm. HABITAT: Intertidal, shallow subtidal (clean) sand. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Yates (1988). E-63 ------- Deschampsia cespitosa GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Characteristically the tallest plant of the salt marsh, D. cacspitosa is a perennial, with culms 2 to 12 din tall. The leaves are very narrow (1.5 to 4 mm) and often folded or rolled. The panicle is 8 to 25 cm long and open rather than compressed. High salt marshes dominated by D. caespitosa are green in summer, then take on a distinctive golden-brown hue during late summer through fall. The above ground growth persists through much of the winter. HABITAT: One of the most common components of Pacific Northwest salt marshes, D. cacspitosa occurs in dense stands at or near mean higher high water. These stands become less dense at lower elevations, gradually being replaced by other salt marsh species in the lower marsh. It is commonly associated with Pacific silverweed in high salt marshes. D. caespitosa is widely distributed, but not common, in shallow freshwater marshes at all elevations. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). is. I , Ά \\ 1 :a3 ,,/ E-64 ------- Diptera (larvae) GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Insect larvae; very diverse, such that only common distinguishing characteristic is the absence of jointed legs on all thoracic segments. Larval head structures modified; body usually soft and pliable and often covered with dense pubsecence or with scattered hairs; most common group in estuarine wetlands are of the family Chironomidac. HABITAT: Usually living on or in surface layer of sediments or attached to rocks and plants in brackish marshes and mudflats. REFERENCE(S): Description from Merritt and Cummins (1984); see reference for taxonomy, illustrations and life history comments. _L E-65 ------- Diptera (unid.) GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Flies; see Chironomidac, Ephydridae, etc. HABITAT: Common to all wetland habitats and typical of drift on surface of water column. REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984). E.66 ------- Distichlis spicata GROUP: rooted scular plants DESCRIPTION: This species, commonly called saltgrass, is usually less than 30 cm tall, and forms mats on the soil surface. A distinctive feature is the bilateral placement of the leaves in a single plane. The leaves are on the order of 5 cm long, and angle sharplyl from the stem. flower bearing panicles are 3 to 8 cm in length, compressed, and are terminal on the cuims. Floral heads appear purplish. HABITAT: Common in high and low salt marshes. It can tolerate extremely high salinities, and occurs in salt pans. Frequently associated with Salicornia virginica. REFERENCE(S): Description from Weinmann et al. (1986), see also Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973); figure from Hotchkiss (1972). E .67 ------- $ Eleocharis palustris GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: See Eleocharjs spp. HABITAT: Brackish, wet meadows. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Wcinmann et a!. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquisi (1978). E68 3 I JRI ------- Eleocharis spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: The genus is easily identified by the terminal and solitary floral spikelets. Some species are diminutive, such as E. parvula (1 to 10 cm), while others are large and robust, such as E palustris (to 1 m). Sec E. palusins for figure. HABITAT: Several species are represented in the Pacific Northwest; habitats range from brackish marshes (E. parvula) to shallow freshwater marshes, wet meadows (E. palustris) ,and swamps. The species is apparently limited to wetland situations. Spike rush is often found in standing water in roadside ditches or the edges of ponds where it is frequently associated with duckweed, bullrushes and other marsh plants. Spike rush is also common in the wetter portion of meadows dominated by soft rush. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. 1984. See Hitchcock, vol. 1 for further description of Eleocharis species. E .69 ------- Embiotocidae (unid.) Anal soft-rays more than 10; nt.YiII.ry fjly when mouth i closed ____ GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Seaperches; perchlike, compressed, elliptical to oblong-shaped fishes with Continuous dorsal (top) fin; usually bright colored. HABITAT: Almost exclusively in nearshore habitats; (e.g. surf zone, kelp and eelgrass beds); some (e.g., shiner perch) school. REFERENCE(S): See Eschmeyer et al (1983) for key to species. ------- Engraulis mordax GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Northern anchovy; small, silvery compressed (herring-like); overhanging snout and low jaw extending far posterior of eye. HABITAT: Common, abundant baitfish in coastal estuaries; school in more saline surface waters; very important as forage fish for larger fishes and diving scabirds; planktivorous on copepods, euphausiids, and decapod larvae. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973). I E-71 ------- Enteromorpha spp. GROUP benthic macroalgae DESCRIPTION: See reference for descriptive key to species and figures HABITAT: Mud- and sandflats and gravel-cobble beaches; particularly common around freshwater drainage areas on beaches. REFERENCE(S): Identification and figures from Smith (1969). E-72 ------- Eogammarus confervicolus GROUP epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod; see taxonomic references for identification. HABITAT: Estuarine intertidal and subtidal; especially associated with sedges, eligrass, algae, and wood chip deposits. REFERENCE(S): See Bousfield (1979), and Kozloff (1987). E-73 ------- Eogammarus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod; two species commonly occur; E. confervicolus and E. ocloiri and are separable by subtle characters such as celsonic spination (see see E. confervicolus for figure). HABITAT: Brackish to estuarine; associated with detritus and macroalgae on fine sand-silt sediments. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Bousfield (1979). E-74 ------- Eohaustorius washingtonius GROU epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod; see taxonomic reference for identifying characteristics. HABITAT: Intertidal and shallow subtidal sand. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Smith and Carlton (1975). E-75 ------- Ephydridae (unid.) GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates DESCRIPTION: Shore flies: see taxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Littoral fringes of fresh and marine waters. REFERENCE(S): See Merrit and Cummins (1984) for identification and figure. p. i ZuIdM,c.ii 4, C., E-76 ------- Epilabidocera amphitrites GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Large calanoid copepod, distinguished by distinctive head shape, eye Lenses , and surface swarming behavior. HABITAT: Marine planklonic, especially surface waters. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identilication and figure. 4 E-77 ------- Epilabidocera spp. GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod, see references and figure for E. amp) utnies HABITAT: Planktonic marine, especially surface waters. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982). E-78 ------- epiphytic algae/animals GROUP benthic microbiota DESCRIFflON: microalgac, small macroalgac, and small animals attached to eelgrass, keips, seaweeds, and other plants. HABITAT: Macrophytes. REFERENCE(S): See Phillips (1984), and Seliskar and Gallagher (1983). E-79 ------- Eualus spp. GROUP: evasive inacroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Hippolytid shrimp. HABITAT: Low intertidal to subtidal on various substrates. REFERENCE(S): See Butler (1980), and Kozloff (1987). I ; E-80 ------- Euphausia pacifica GROUP pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Euphausiid; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Nektonic; strong vertical migrators. REFERENCE(S): See Kathmann et al. (1986) for identification and figure. / E-81 ------- Eurytemora affinis 9. GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod; two species of Euiytemora arc common in the northeastern Pacific coastal regions: E. affinis occurs in fresh to brackish water in rivers and their mouths; E. anlencana is more common in marine conditions. See taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Freshwater to coastal marine planktonic; may be strongly epibenthic in behavior. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure. E-82 ------- Eusiroides spp. GROUP epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod, Note: figure not available. HABITAT: Littoral, shallow subt idal? REFERENCE(S): See Barnard (1969) for description of genus. E-83 ------- filamentous algae GROUP: benthic microbiota DESCRIP1ION: Algal growth where the cells comprising the body of the alga are arranged in a chain- like manner; Note: Figure not available. HABITAT: Benthic or free floating in aquatic habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Scagel (1972). E-84 ------- Gadus macrocephalus GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Pacific cod; elongate codfish with prominent chin barbel and three dorsal fins, the first of which is approximately even with leading edge of the anal fin. HABITAT: Demersal, in higher salinity waters; seasonal movement from offshore into shallow and estuarine waters in spring diet is composed of both benthic and nektonic organisms. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer (1983). E-85 ------- Gasterosteus aculeatus GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Threespine stickleback; small compressed body; three isolated spines in front of dorsal; keeled, slender caudal peduncle; often has bony plates on side. HABITAT: Ubiquitous; euryhaline; spawns in vegetation in freshwater; feeds on zooplankton. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973). E-86 ------- Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Crustacean; dorsoventrally flattened. Sec taxonomic reference for identifying chracterigics. HABITAT: Intertidal under rocks or on floats, pilings, and around algae; a closely related species, G. insulare, is common in brackish water. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987 )for identification; figure from Smith and Carlton (1975). E-87 ------- Gonatidae (unid.) GROUP: motile pelagic macroinvertebrates DESCRIPTION: Pelagic squids; only common species in region is stubby squid, Gonatus fabricii, in which arms and tentades are almost length of mantle and tail fins are broad. HABITAT: Water column in deep mainstem channels and bays. REFERENCE(S): Kozloff (1987) provides species list; figure from Yates (1988). E-88 ------- Grapsidae (unid.) GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Shorecrabs; see Heniigraps:s spp. HABITAT: Gravel-cobble and mudflat habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for taxonomy and illustrations of various species common to region. E-89 ------- Grindelia integrifolia GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: The entire plant, especially the flower head, is sticky to the touch, hence the common name. Plants are up to 8 din tall and often much branched. Blooming in spring and early summer, unopened flower buds are encased in scaly, gummy coverings. No other salt marsh plant has similar, large (2(04 cm in diameter) yellow sunflower-like flowers. HABITAT: Gumweecl is a common inhabitant of high salt marshes and occasionally occurs in adjacent nonwetlands as well as wet meadows. At times it will be found on the waterward slope of primary sand dunes, a nonwetiand situation. Common associates include sahgrass and tufted hairgrass. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weininan Ct a!. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). E-90 ------- Grindelia spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Gumweed species; see G. mzegrifol:a for characteristics and illustration. HABITAT: High salt marshes and occasionally adjacent upland habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Weinmann (1984) and Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). E-91 ------- Harpacticus spinulosus GROUP: epibenthic plankiers DESCRIPTION: Harpacticoid copepod. HABITAT: Sandy bottoms. REFERENCE(S): See Lang (1968). E-92 ------- Harpacticus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Harpacticoid copepods; see H. spinulosus and H. untrernis for identifying characters and illustrations. HABITAT: Epibenthic on various substrata. REFERENCE(S): See Lang (1948), and Wells (1976). E-93 ------- Harpacticus uniremis GROUP: cpibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Large harpacticoid copepod; often olive-green to bluish in color, with brown stripes or markings. HABITAT: Intertidal to shallow subtidal, associated with macrophytes or detritus. REFERENCE(S): See Wells (1976) for identification; figure from Ito (1976). E-94 ------- Heleidae (unid.) GROUP: neusconic and drift invertebrates DESCRIPTION: Biting midge; family of Dipteran flies; see Ceratopogonidae. HABITAT: In addition to neuston, often associated with detritus in depositional shorelines. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Merritt and Curnmins (1984). E-95 ------- Hemigrapsus spp. GROUP . evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Shorecrabs with smooth dorsal surface and three teeth on anterolateral margin of carapace; two species prevalent in region: H. nudis, purple shorecrab has smooth legs and chelipeds with purple spots; H. ore gon ensis, green shorecrab, has hairy legss. HABITAT: Rocky and gravel-cobble shores in euhaline waters. REFERENCE(S): Kozloff (1983, 1987); figures from Yates (1988). E-96 ------- Hemiptera (unid.) GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: True bugs; mouthparts in form of segmented beak. HABITAT: In addition to surface drift, many Hemitperans are truly aquatic, both epifauna and water column surface. REFERENCE(S): Description from Lchmkuhl (1979) and Merritt and Cummins (1984); figure from Lchmkuhl (1979). I t E97 ------- Heptacarpus spp. GROUP: evasive inacroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Broken-back shrimp; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Variety of wetland habitats, predominantly in higher salinity regions of estuaries. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Butler (1980). E-98 ------- Hippolytidae (unid.) GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Hippolytid shrimps; distinguished by rostrum and eyes uncovered by carapace; common genera are Heptacarpus, Lebbeus, and Eualus. HABITAT: Subtidal hard bottom to intertidal gravel cobble; often associated with seaweeds and keips. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983, 1987); figure from Yates (1988). E-99 ------- Hobsonia florida GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Terebellid polychaete worm with setae of bundle anterior to gills long; Note figure not available. HABITAT: Sandflats. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1987). E-100 ------- Hypomesus pretiosus GROUP: motile fish DESCRiPTION: Surfsmelt; silvery smelt with small mouth and upper jaw which terminates anterior of middle of eye; blue-green on dorsal surface, and silvery-white stripe down side. HABITAT: Common baitfish species; frequently captured in surf zone of sandy and gravel-cobble beaches, especially during spawning season; diet composed principally of pelagic and epibenthic zooplank ton. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983). E-1O1 ------- Insecta (drift) GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates DESCRIPTION: Insects, e g flies, bees, wasps, beetles, etc.; see specific taxa. HABITAT: All estuarine wetlands and prominent component of neuston in water column habitat. REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984) for taxonomic differentiation and illustrations. E-102 ------- Insecta (larvae) GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates DESCRIPTION: Larvae of insects; see Chironomidae, Diptera, etc. for specific taxa characteristics and illustrations. HABITAT: All estuarine wetlands and prominent component of neuston in water column habitat. REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984) for taxonomic differentiation and illustrations E-103 ------- Insecta (unid.) GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates DESCRIPTION: See Insects (drift) and specific taxa HABITAT: All estuarine wetland habitats and prominent component of neuston in water column habitat. REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984) for taxonomic idiferentiation and illustrations E-104 ------- Ischyrocerus spp. GROUP epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod; see taxonoinic reference for identifying characteristics. HABITAT: Intertidal to subtidal; Lube-dwelling on various substrata. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Gurjanova (1951). E-105 ------- Juncus balticus GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: This rush is tufted, with rounded stems 1-12 din tall. floral palicles are born laterally on the stems. HABITAT: The plant is commonly found in organically enriched soils in backshore mesohaline marshes. Common associates include Poniennilapacifica and Deshanipsia caespitosa. REFERENCE(S): Description from Weinmann ci at. (1986), figrure from Hotchkiss (1972). E-106 ------- Juncus spp. GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Rushes; see I. baizicus. HABITAT: Emergent marshes and wet meadows. REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978) and Hotchkiss (1972) for differentiation of species and illustrations. E-107 ------- Lam maria spp. Iridaea (R). Diatoms I I Jij( Gigartina (R) GROUP: benthic macroalgae DESCRIPTION: Moderately large (considered a kelp) fleshy macroalgae with holdiast, stipc and blades. HABITAT: Low intertidal and shallow subtidal in gravel-cobble beach and shallower portions of shallow subtidal hard substrate habitats. REFERENCE(S): See identifying characters and illustrations in Smith (1969) and Waaland (1977); figure from Waaland (1977). Midlittoral Zone Endocladia (R) and 8amadesI Hildenbrandia (R)c Enteromorpha Sargassum (B) (B) E-108 ------- Lampetra tridentatus GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Pacific lamprey-, distinguished by sucking disc with supraoral bar with three cusps, infraoral bar with five cusps, and four pairs of lateral teeth. HABITAT: Mainstem estuarine channels; typically demersal and often found attached to rocks along bottom. REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973); figures from Hart (1973) and Miller and Lea (1972). I E-109 ------- Lebbeus spp. GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Lebbeid shrimps; common Hippolytid shrimps with only one supraorbital spine and and the third maxilliped. without an exopodite; only L. groenlandicus is common. HABITAT: Subtidal channel bottoms with gravel and hard substrate. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Butler (1980). E-110 ------- Lepidogobius lepidus GROUP: sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Bay goby; recognized by pelvic fins joined to form a hollow cone free of body, wide space between dorsal fins, fine scales, and black margin of first dorsal. HABITAT: Intertidal mudflats. REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973) and Miller and Lea (1972); Figure from Hart (1973). I E-111 ------- Leptocottus armatus GROUP: sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Pacific staghorn sculpin; large sculpin without scales; upper preopercular spine long and antlerlike; greenish-brown to tan on dorsal surface; cream to white ventrally. HABITAT: Most common, ubiquitous e.stuarrnc sculpin; frequents all habitats but most prevalent on sandy substrates; eaten by a variety of seabirds and marine mammals. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983). E-112 ------- Littorina spp. GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Periwinkles; see Laxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: High intertidal under rocks and in crevices or poois. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-113 ------- Loligo opalescens GROUP: motile pelagic macroinvertebrates DESCRIPTION: Opalescent squid; slender squid with large eyes and short arms and tentacles relative to mantle. HABITAT: Water column, schooling and often in surface (neritic) waters around pier and dock lights at night. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983); figure from Kozloff (1987). E-114 ------- Lumpenus sagitta GROUP: sessile fish DESCRiPTION: Elongate with head equal to approximately 1/10 of total length; greenish-brown streaks on side; barred caudal fin. HABITAT: Common in bays, large channels, and shallows, especially in more saline reaches of REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer Ct al. (1983). E-115 ------- Lycodopsis pacifica GROUP: sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Blackbdlly eelpout; recognized by black peritoneum which shows through skin on belly, no teeth on vomer and palatines and black spots on leading edge of dorsal. HABITAT: Estuarine channels, usually soft-bottom to fine gravel. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1972). E-116 ------- Macoma spp. ( z J GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Beatnose dams; one common species, M. nasuza, is distinguishable by a characteristic right-hand bend in the posterior portion of the shell. HABITAT: Mudflats to sand/cobble in embayments; able to live in anoxic sediments. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-117 ------- Macrocystis pyrifera GROUP: benthic macroalgae DESCRIPTION: Large gold-brown fleshy macroalgae (kelp) with extensive holdfast and frond system which results in multidimensional stand throughout water column and on surface; blades rise off series of small floats which are attached to stipe. M. iniegafolia (see Waaland 1977 for description) may be confused with M. pyrifera in this region. HABITAT: Forms extensive stands in shallow subtidal of gravel-cobble and shallow subtidal hard substrate habitats in euhaline reaches of estuaries. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Smith (1969). E-118 ------- Mallotus villosus GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Capelin; smelt with rectangular adipose fin with very long base; olive green dorsal surface; adults have hairy band along side. HABITAT: Prominent schooling baitfish nearshore, especially April-October when spawning occurs on fine gravel-sand beaches; important forage fish; confined to higher salinity waters. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer Ct al. (1983). E-119 ------- Manayunkia aestuarina GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Sabellid polychaete worm characterized by anterior end with four radioles (featherlike structures), each with two pinnules. HABITAT: Intertidal estuarine beaches. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1987); figure from Fauchald and Jumars (1979). E-120 ------- Merluccius productus GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Pacific halce; elongate cod without chin barbel; second dorsal and anal fish deeply notched without forming separate fins. HABITAT: Ranges throughout water column in euhaline waters; important prey for marine mammals; feeds on nckton. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973)). E-121 ------- Metacaprella kennerlyl GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Caprdllid arnphipod; see taxanomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Epiphytic on ceigrass and macroalgac. REFERENCE(S): See Laubitz (1970), and Kozioff (1987). E-122 ------- Microgadus proximus GROUP motile fish DESCRIPTION: Pacific tomcod; small cod with a short chin barbel; insertion of anal fin slightly ahead of second dorsal. HABITAT: Adults demersal, juveniles throughout water column, in higher salinity waters. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983). E123 ------- Microtus spp. GROUP: herbivorous mammals DESCRIPTION: Voles; small mouse-like mammals; see Ill. townsendi: for distinguishing characteristics and illustration HABITAT: Vegetated marshes and upland habitats adjacent to water. REFERENCE(S): See Ingles (1965) for description of M,crotus species. E. .124 ------- Microtus townsendii GROUP: herbivorous mammals brow,, DESCRIPTION: Townsends vole; length 170-225 mm; tail slightly bicolored, 48-70 mm, about 40 to 50 percent of head and body length; hind foot 20-26 mm; ear 15-17 mm; upper parts dark brownish; under parts dark grayish; skull 30-31 mm; molars without roots; incisive forainen constricted (usually), about 5 mm long. HABITAT: open grasslands in low country west of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington and in northwestern California. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Ingles (1965). slightly bicolo,, aboet 1/2 total length E-125 ------- Mya arenaria (I \J chondrophor GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Eastern soft-shell clam; characterized by large spoon-shaped projection (chondrophore) on the left valve at the hinge, and by the light, brittle shell. HABITAT: Mud/sand flats, especially with nearby freshwater outfall. REFERENCE(S): Sec Kozioff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-126 ------- Mytilus edulis GROIJP surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Bay or blue mussel; common in embayments; has smooth shell. HABITAT: Intertidal on rock or cobbles; also occurs on docks or pilings. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-127 ------- Neanthes limnicola GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Large nereid polychaete worms with conical paragnaths, Note: figure not availablc HABITAT: Common in mussel and barnacle mats and among seaweeds. REFERENCE(S): Description from Smith et al. (1967). E-128 ------- Nematoda (unid.) GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Elongate worms with unsegrnented cuticle; Note: figure not available. HABITAT: Free-living in almost all estuarine habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for further references to nematodes of the region. E-129 ------- Neomysis mercedis GROUP evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Mysid; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Neritic; euryhaline, including marine, rivers, and a few lakes. REFERENCE(S): See Kathmann et al. (1986) for identification and figure. E-130 ------- Nereidae (unid.) GROUP evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Large predacious polychacte worms with powerful jaws and eversible pharynx; often iridescent greenish color. HABITAT: Variety of habitats. REFERENCE(S): Sec Banse and Hobson (1974) for identification and figure. E-131 ------- Nucella spp. with spiral iculpnare GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Whelks; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Intertidal to shallow subtidal on rocky substrata. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-132 ------- Octopus spp. GROUP: motile pelagic macroinvertebrates DESCRIFflON: Octopii; eight armed cephalopod; body ovoid and without fins and an internal shell. HABITAT: Subtidal to low intertidal rocky habitats, particularly boulder-cobble. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983, 1987); figure form Yates (1988). E-133 ------- Oikopleura spp. GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Larvacean; see taxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Marine planktonic; builds large mucous house from which it feeds on captured particles, only in euhaline region of estuaries. REFERENCE(S): See Newell and Newell (1973) for identification and figure. E-134 ------- Oithona similis GROUP pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Cydopoid copepod; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Marine planktonic. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure. Ro7 N E-135 ------- Oligochaeta (unid) GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Class of polychacte worms which have no parapodia and few setac. HABITAT: REFERENCE(S): Description from Smith et al. (1967) and Kozloff (1987); figure from Smith et al. (1967). E-136 ------- Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry) GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Pink salmon; typically smallest salmon fry caught in estuaries; no parr marks; small scales; small eye diameter, fork of tail transparent. HABITAT: Juveniles migrate through estuaries during winter- spring of (predominantly) even years; usually restricted to shallow water (1.2 m) habitats along migration corridor. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973). E -137 ------- Oncorhynchus keta (fry) GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Chum salmon; similar or slightly larger than pink fry parr marks mostly above lateral line; comparatively larger eye diameter than pink; fork of tail black. HABITAT: One of the most esluarine-dependent juvenile salmon; found in all shallow water habitats but feeds most extensively in ceigrass and marsh habitats. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973). ___ 1 - E-138 ------- Oncorhynchus spp. GROUP: motile flsb DESCRIPTION Juvenile salmon, distinguished from the other salmonids by 13-19 rays in anal fin (vs 8-12 for trouts, etc) See 0 gorbuscha and 0 keta for identifying characters and illustrations HABITAT Surface waters, both intertidal and neritic depending in general on size REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973). E-139 ------- Oncorhynchus spp. (fry) GROUP motile fish DESCRIPTION: Salmon; silvery, robust fry with cycloid scales and adipose fin; see Hart (1973) and Phillips (1977) for differentiating characters. HABITAT: Anadromous; juvenile migrate from freshwater spawning grounds in early spring through fall, depending upon both species and stock characteristics; utilization of shallow water habitats is size dependent. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Phillips. (1977). E-140 ------- Ondatra zibethicus ( GROUP: herbivorous mammals DESCRIPTION: Muskrat; length 435-620 mm, about 20 inches; tail scaly, sides flattened, 170-294 mm; hind foot 62-88 mm, webbed; ear, crown, 13-20 mm; skull 46-54 mm, basilar length; dull rusty brown to dark brown all over, except that feet are darker and mouth region is lighter. HABITAT: Native along the Colorado River and along streams and lakes of eastern California; throughout most of the low country in Oregon and Washington, introduced widely in many other places, especially the San Joaquin Valley, California. Generally found in cattail marshes or in thc banks of slow-moving streams. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Inglcs (1965). Il ,ttc , ,cd fru..i -uk to u*lr 1. uus.rc thnuu 59 unni.. wclkd E-141 ------- Orchestia traskiana GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Beach flea; see taxonomjc reference for identification. HABITAT: Drift debris of rocky and stony beaches., but also on sand and in estuaries and salt marshes; occurs on both exposed and protected shores. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Boustield (1982). Ji ii JI E-142 ------- Orchestoidea pugettensis GROUP epibenthic planktcrs DESCRIPTION: Sand hopper, see taxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Coarse to fine sand beaches of both surf-exposed and protected shores, including estuaries. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification figure from Bousfield (1979). E-143 ------- Orchomene minuta GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Lysianassid amphipod; Note: figure not available. HABITAT: Intertidal and subtidal soft sediment? REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for description of related species. E-144 ------- Ostrea lurida GROUP surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Olympia or native oyster; distinguished from Japanese oyster by lack of discoloration of adductor muscle scar. HABITAT: Attached to rocks, especially those around mudflats. REFERENCE(S): Description by Kozioff (1983); figure from Yates (1988). E-145 ------- Pacificastacus leniusculus DESCRIPTION: Crayfish. HABITAT: Channels and shallow subtidal portions of emergent marshes, mudflats and gravclcobhlc habitats in oligohaline reaches of estuaries. REFERENCE(S): See general freshwater biology text; figure of generic crayfish from Pennaic (1953).. II II II I I GROUP: evasive macroepifauna E146 ------- Pancolus californiensis GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Tanaid distinguished by three free pleonites on pleon; Note: figure not available. HABITAT: Intertidal mud- and sandflats and shallow subtidal soft sediment habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for description. E-147 ------- Pandalus danae GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Coonstripe shrimp; pandalid shrimp distinguished by six pairs o small lateral spines on telson. HABITAT: Gravel or sand channel bottoms in 22-64 m depths. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1987) and Butler (1987); figure from Yates (1988). E-148 ------- Paracalarnis spp. GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Small calanoid copepods., probably some undescribed species; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics. HABITAT: Marine planktonic, especially surface waters. REFERENCE(S): Sec Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure. E.149 ------- Paramoera columbiana GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod. HABITAT: Low intertidal in areas of decreased salinity; in gravel and other sediments. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987). E-150 ------- Paraphoxus spp. GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod. HABITAT: Intertidal to subtidal in fine sediments. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987). I E.151 ------- Parathemisto pacifica GROUP pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: The most common hyperild amphipod in Puget Sound; distinguished by dilated carpus of pereiopods three and four. HABITAT: Marine planktonic and nektonic. REFERENCE(S): See Bowman (1960) for identification; figure from Bowman and Gruner (1973). p E152 ------- Parophyrs vetulus GROUP sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Archaeic name for English sole; see Pleumnecies vetulus. HABITAT: REFERENCE(S): E-153 ------- Peromyscus maniculatus less tM n PO head and body kngth GROUP herbivorous mammals liηbt.edsed. mm. light sput - -I DESCRIPTION: Deer mouse; length 148-200 mm, about seven inches; tail 60-90 mm; hind foot 18-22 mm; ear 14.20 mm; skull 24-26.5 mm; yellowish brown to grayish above, pure white below feet white; tail usually less than 90 percent of head and body, bicolored (may be as long or longer than the head and body in the subspecies P. nz. auslerus and P. m. rubidus along the coast), with the width of the dorsal stripe about half the circumference of the tail, frequently a lighter spot in front of the ear and a delicate lighter edge around the ear; accessory cusps (anterostyles) on the M 1 ; premaxilary bones not extending posterior to the ends of the nasals.. HABITAT: Nearly all communities and life zones. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Ingles (1965). - .iI 18-21 E-154 ------- Phalaris arundinacea GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Reed canarygrass is a tall, perennial grass, normally exceeding 1 m, and under ideal conditions, exceeding 2 m in height. The sturdy, often hollow, stems can be 1 cm in diameter and have a reddish tinge at the top during the growing season. Individual leaves measure up to 2 cm wide and 3 dm long, Flowers and seeds are borne on cuims which stand high above the leaves. The panicles measure to 2 dm in length. HABITAT: Reed canarygrass is one of the most broadly ranging and, therefore, commonly encountered freshwater wetland plants. The species typically occurs where soils remain saturated or nearly saturated during most of the growing season, but where standing water does not persist for extended times. Once established, the species can tolerate extended inundation. Reed canarygrass can dominate where irregular or fluctuating water regimes inhibit the success of other wetland species (e.g. cauails). It commonly grows in roadside ditches, rights-of-way, and on river dikes and levees where the soils would appear to be well-drained and only rarely saturated, as well in shallow marshes and meadows. Under the dryer conditions, the plant is shorter, has smaller flowering spikes and flowers earlier in the season. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. 1984; figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978. E.155 ------- Phanerodon furcatus GROUP motile fish DESCRIPTiON: White surfperch; distinguished by frenurn attaching the lower lip to the lower jaw, its deeply forked tail and the rather low dorsal fin having spinous section deeper and running into the soft-rayed part almost in a smooth curve. HABITAT: Common in sheltered bays, typically in ecigrass and gravel-cobble beach habitats. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973). E-156 ------- Pholis laeta GROUP seuile fish DESCRWIION: Crescent gunnels; distinguised by series of crescent shaped markings along base of dorsal fin. HABITAT: Generally in gravel-cobble intertidal habitats. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973). E-157 ------- Photis lacia GROUP: cpibcnthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod. HABITAT: Subtidal; soft sediments. REFERENCE(S): See Conlan (1983), and Kozioff (1987). E.158 ------- Phragmites spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIFflON: Reedgrasses; stems from usually higher than a man to three times as high. In the common species in this region, P. conununis, the leaves are grayish-green, close to each other and usually sticking out from stems at a big angle, to 0.6 m long and 1 cm wide; flower clusters almost 1 m long, often purple when young, usually whitish and fluffy when old; each spikelet with 3 to 7 flowers, and with many long hairs on the axis between flowers HABITAT: Brackish marshes, REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hotchkiss (1972). E-159 ------- Picea sitchensis GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Sitka spruce dominates our spruce swamps. It is the only spruce, in fact, the only needled tree commonly found in Pacific Northwest wetlands. Cones and needles are distinctive. Fcmalc cones have cornflake.lilce scales; male cones appear to be extensions of upper branches giving the impression the branch tips are dying. Needles are stiff and uncomfortably sharp. HABITAT: In non-wetlands, Sitka spruce is a very large tree, especially on the Olympic Peninsula where it grows to 70 in in height with a diameter to 5 m at the base. Under very wet conditions, the trees do not achieve this great stature but arc short and often scrubby in appearance with gangly Lower branches and a broad based trunk. Sitka spruce can tolerate standing water throughout much of the year. Common understorv plants are red alder, sedges, and skunk cabbage. The higher and dryer hummocks at the base of the tree often are populated by normally nonwetland species such as sword fern, lily-of-the valley and salal. It is a useful and valuable lumber tree. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). E-160 ------- Platichthys stellatus GROUP sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Starry flounder; one of the largest flatfish found in estuaries; can be either right- or left-eyed; oblique dark bars on caudal and anal fins; rough, tubercular scales. HABITAT: Euryhaline; found in most wetland habitats, especially mudflat and tidal channels in emergent marshes; commonly migrates onto sand and mudflats to feed on benthic invertebrates during flood tides. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Han (1973). I E161 ------- Pleuronectjdae (unid,) GROUP: sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Righceye flounders; eyes and color on right-hand side and symmetrically placed pelvic fins. HABITAT: Variety of soft bottom to gravel, subidal and intertidal habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1973) for key to species of region. E-162 ------- Pleuronectes vetulus GROUP sessile fish DESCRIPTION: English sole; right-eyed flounder with pointed snout; eyed side with smooth scales; upper eye visible from blind side. HABITAT: Most abundant flatfish in sand- and mudflat habitats; feeds on benthic invertebrates. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973). E-163 ------- Polygonum spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Most knotweeds are characterized by swollen nodes where the leaf joins the stem. There is also a distinctive sheath which surrounds the node and leaf junction and may extend up the stem as much as 1 cm. The stems are generally round, smooth, shiny, and often reddish. Water smart weeds have long (5 to 15 cm), narrow Leaves with very distinctive veins. The pink or pink and white flowers form dense elongated clusters at the tip of the stem as well as from the leaf axils. In deep fresh marshes, these clusters stand erect above the water surface, while most of the leaves remain submerged. HABITAT: Over 30 species of smartweed occur in the Pacific Northwest. Most of those west of the Cascades are found in moist to wet freshwater areas. Two species of water smartweed (P. persicaria and P. punczatum), are most common along lakeshores and in shallow and deep fresh marshes. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et at. (1984); figure of?. aniphibiun: from Hotchkiss (1977). E-164 ------- Polygonum hydropiperoides GROUP: rooted vascular plants var. hydropip,roid,s DESCRIPTION: Herbaceous perennial, nearly glabrous to strongly pubescent, the stem up to 1 m long, usually somewhat decumbent and tending to root freely; leaves numerous, only slightly reduced upward, short-petiolate or the upper ones subsessile, the blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate or ob!ong-lancco!tae, 512 (14) cm long, acute to acuminate, the base acute, glabrous to strongly strigose; stipules 1-2 cm long, strigosc and bristly-ciliate; inflorescence of 2-sever*I slender, often interrupted, spike-like racemes (panicles); perianth greenish to white or pinkish, 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous externally on the exposed area, 5-lobed slightly more than half the length, the 5 segments oblong, subequal, the inner ones sometimes slightly glandular, stamens 8, included; styles 3, connate about half their length, about 0.5 mm long. HABITAT: In moist to swampy areas, usually growing in mud, from the lowland into the lower mountain valleys. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978. (1 v ar. $staceury E-165 ------- Pontogeneia rostrata GROUP: epibenchic plankters DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod, Note: figure not available HABITAT: Low intertidal and subtidal on algae, eelgrass, and various sediments REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987). E . .166 ------- Populus trichocarpa DESCRIPTION: Populus trichocarpa is the western vicariad of the more eastern and northern P. bals.amifcra L, which differs in its narrower, glabrous, 2-carpellate ovaries and fruits and fewer (commonly about 20) stamens. There is evidently some hybridization and introgression between them where their ranges overlap, and they might with some justification be treated as geographical races of a single species, the differences between them are on the same order of magnitude as those between other generally recognized species of Populus, however, and they are here retained as distinct. The precise geographic boundary between the two is somewhat obscure, especially inasmuch as many herbarium specimens are sterile. HABITAT: Mostly along streams and around lakeshorca, but in moister regions sometimes in better. drained soil away from water. REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978. GROUP rooted vascular plants E-167 ------- Porichthys notatus GROUP: sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Plainfin midshipman; Identified by rows of luminous organs and ciii, protrusible eyes and two large canine teeth on vomer. HABITAT: Adults in soft-bottom subtidal except when spawning, which occurs under rocks in intertidal gravel-cobble habitats. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973). I E-168 ------- Potomogeton spp. GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Pondweeds; diverse genera distinguished by threadlike to ribbonlike leaves, some oblong to oval, scattered singly on flexible underwater stems, but often paired to bunched toward thc stem tips. HABITAT: Brackish marshes. REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978) and Hotchkiss (1972) for descriptions of Polonsogeton species; figure of P. flhinzomzis from Hotchkiss (1972). E-169 ------- Protomedeia penates GROITh sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Ganimarid aniphipod. HABITAT: On mud or sand of protected and semiprotected coasts; low intertidal to 400 m. REFERENCE(S): Description available in Kozloff (1987); figure from Conlan (1983). E-170 ------- Psettichthys melanostictus GROUP: sessile fish DESCRIPTION: Sand sole; right-eyed flounder; fin rays long and free of membrane at anterior edge of dorsal fin; large mouth; uniform grey or brown in color. HABITAT: Common, predominantly on sandflats; feeds specifically on benthic crustaceans. REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer (1983). E171 ------- Pseujdocalanus minutus GROUP pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod. HABITAT: Planktonjc marine. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982). d E .172 ------- Pseudocalanus spp. GROUP pelagic zoop)ankton DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics; figure is of?. ninwus. HABITAT: Marine planktonic REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) and Frost (1989) for identification; figure from Frost (1989). E-173 ------- Pseudotsuga menziesii GROUP rooted vascular plains DESCRIPTION: Douglas fir: Giant forest trees up to 70(90) m tall, ultimately with very thick, rough, dark brown bark, the branches spreading to drooping, the crown of young trees pyramidal and with a stiffly erect leader, older trees with a flattenedcrown; branching rather irregular, the branchiets not always opposite, mostly pubescent for several years; buds non-resinous, sharp-pointed, usually cinnamon-red to -brownish; needles retained 7 .10 years, (1.5) 2-3 (3.5) cm long, obtuse to acute, yellow-green to dark green or bluish-green, mostly uniformly spreading or turned upward, rarely spreading in one plane, slightly grooved and without whitish stomata on the upper surface, the lower surface with two longitudinal bands of white stomata separated by a prominent midvein; seeds 5-6 mm long, the broad wind up to twice as long. HABITAT: Moist to very dry areas from sea level to midmontane. A shade intolerant species, which does not reproduce well in in deeply shaded forests, but ultimately usually establishing itself abundantly in burned or logged areas. Not only is this the most important forest tree in N. Am., it is one of the largest. There is considerable variation in the species and aside from a few horticultural forms that are known, there are two well defined geographic races. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978. ) E-174 ------- Pugettia gracilis GROUP evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Spider crab; see taxonomic reference for identification. HABITAT: Ecigrass, kelp, and encrusting algae; intertidal and subtidal. REFERENCE(S): Sec Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Hart (1982). E-175 ------- Rumex spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: In the Pacific Northwest, curly dock (R. crispus) will be the species most frequently encounteyc J in wetlands, although other dock species do occur. Curly dock is distinguished by its overall deep reddish-brown coloration throughout most of the year, appearing dried out or dead. The species grows erect from 3 to 8 din in height and stands above most plants in fresh meadows where it one of the most distinctive species. Prior to and during flowering, the plant is yellowish green, often with a reddish tinge. flowers are greenish..white and individually inconspicuous though forming dense, branched spikes. The minute seeds are sharply three-angled and sometimes appear to be winged. Leaves, stems, and flower turn reddish-brown soon after initial flowering. The leaves are lto3 dm in length and wrinkled along the edges. HABITAT: Dock is an adaptable plant found in wet meadows, shallow fresh marshes, and in nonwetland habitats throughout low elevations. It is occasionally found in high salt or brackish marshes. Associated species are numerous and diverse, including reed canarygrass, various grasses, and sedges. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Wcinmann ci al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). E .176 ------- Ruppia maritima I DESCRIPTION: Stems up to 8 dm long , leaves semi-capillary, scarcely 0.5 mm. broad, up to 12 cm long, bordered at base by adnate, more or less sheathing stipules mostly 5-15 mm long, the stipule tips sometimes free for 1-2 mm; flowering spikes axillary to and sheathed by the uppermost leaves of the stem, the pedunde elongating as the fruits mature and ultimately 3-30 cm long and straight to strongly coiled; fruits ovoid or more of less pyriform, symmetrical to strongly asymmetrical, 1.5-3 mm long. HABITAT: Along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, inland in ditches, ponds, and lakes, throughout Canada and the U.S., to the Atlantic coast; South America and the Old World. REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978. GROUP: rooted vascular plants E-177 ------- Salicornia spp. GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPfloN: PlantsPjckl eds, which have cylindrical, fleshy stems but no true leaves; S. iirginica (illustrated) is prevalent species in this region. HABITAT: Both low and high salt marshes, especially on sandy substrates. REFERENCE(S): See Weininann ci al. (1984) for photograph; identifying characteristics and figure from Hotchkjss (1972). E-178 ------- Salix spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Willow- more than 30 species with a variety of characteristics are recognized in the Pacific Northwest. Leaves are generally elongated, but vary from extremely narrow to almost round; most have a pointed tip. Length varies from 2 to 10 cm. For some species, the furry catkias which emerge in late winter to spring, often before the leaves, are a distinctive feature. Willows are generally tall shrubs or short trees (4 to 8 m) but can reach 20 m in height. In swamp situations, willows may be mistaken for red alder, but can be distinguished by their smaller leaves with smooth edges and indistinct veins. HABITAT: Willows are common in swamps and along streams and river banks, but may also be found in moist upland settings. They tolerate temporary inundation, but not prolonged flooding during the growing season. Along rivers, they often grow on sand and gravel bars which are inundated during high water. In this setting they trap sediments, ultimately raising the bars elevation sufficiently to allow cotton woods and other less water-tolerant species to establish. In this way the willow often establishes new riparian communities. In more bog like situations they are often associated with Douglas spiraea. Cattails, Pacific nintbark, and red osicr dogwood are common associates in swamps. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). E-179 ------- Sarsia spp. GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Hydroids; distinguished by polyps releasing medusac with exumbrdllar nematocysts and/or hydranths with tentacles arranged in two whorls, tentacles in both whorls capitace, and polyp releasing medusae with four simple tentacles; illustration of S. exisnia. HABITAT: On lower intertidal and shallow subtidal hard substrates and on eelgrass blades. REFERENCE(S): Diagnostics and figure from Korioff (1987). E-180 ------- Saunderia spp. GROUP: surface epifauna DESCRIPTION: Beach flies; prominent chironomid; Note: figure not available. HABITAT: Gravel cobble beaches larvae are tube builders nestling in algae and detritus. REFERENCE(S): Description from Merritt and Cummins (1984). E.181 ------- Scirpus acutus GROUP: rooted vascular plants 4 DESCRIPTION: One of the tallest herbaceous marsh plants in the Pacific Northwest, hardstem bulrush typically stands at least 2 m high and may grow to 2.5 m. The grey-green, round stems can be as much as 3 cm in diameter at the base. A spike bearing about 10 spikelets on short peduncles at the top of the main stem is a distinctive feature. A narrow bract, 3 to 4 cm in length, extends beyond the spikes appearing to be an extension of the stem. The plant has short linear leaves concentrated near the base. Soft-stem bulrush is not readily distinguishable from hardstem bulrush in the field, but is generally less common in this region. HABITAT: This species grows primarily in freshwater marshes, but occasionally occurs in high brackish marshes as well. It is associated most often with cattail in shallow marshes and with waterlilies in deep marshes, though it often forms visually dominant monotypic stands. The species is restricted to wetland habitats and can grow where the water reaches a meter in depth. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann ci al. (1984); figure from Hotchkiss (1972). E-182 ------- Scirpus americanus Q GR0UP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: American threesquare forms stands of scattered cuims from 0.3 to urn in height. Each culm is triangular in cross section, with flat sides. The severai flat, elongated leaves (2 to 4 mm in width and 0.2 to 1.0 m long) are borne near the base. A compact cluster composed of one to eight yellowish-brown to reddish.purple spikelets protrudes at the base of a prominent, sharply tipped green bract, 2 to 15 cm in length, which appears as a continuation of the culm. American threesquare is a perenniaJ and fruits from June through September.The plant grows from dark brown rhizomes as does a similar species, Olneys threesquare; the latter appears slightly stouter, and its cuim appears three. winged in cross section. HABITAT: American threesquare is typical of low salt and brackish marshes occurring at or near mean high water, but extends into high marshes such as the fringing salt marshes of Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay and Padilla Bay. The species does not appear to tolerate high salinity compared to Olneys threesquare. Associated species include smooth cordgrass, seaside arrowgrass, and Lyngbys sedge. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmane et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). / E.183 ------- Scirpus maritimus GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: A sharply triangular stem, 5 to 10 mm in diameter and 0.5 to 1.5 m in height, typifies this bulrush. The leaves (to 0.5 in long) are evenly distributed along the stem. Spikelet.s are reddish- brown, large (1 to 3 cm long), and numerous. Most are attached closely to the stem, though there are normally two or three short (to 5 cm) stalks emanating from the basal cluster with to 10 spikelets at their ends. Several bracts up to 10 cm long) extend from the base of the spikelet. HABITAT: This large bulrush commonly occurs in high brackish or salt marshes that are inundated about once a day. It may also occur infrequently in low salt marshes. It often forms a minor component of high marsh communities containing Pacific silverweed, sedges, or other species. In the Skagit River delta, however, it is one of three bulrushes, (with hardstem bulrush and American threesquare), which dominate most tidal marsh communities. There it is recognized as a major food source for migrating and wintering waterfowl, especially snow geese. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). Q I S E.184 ------- Scirpus spp. GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIpfloN: R hes/bulr h see S. acuins, S. amencanus, S. mantsnius, and S. validus for specific diagnostic characteristics and illustrations. HABITAT: Brackish marshes. REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronqui.st (1978) for descriptions of Scirpus spp. E.185 ------- Scirpus validus GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Similar to S. acutus, but averaging smaller and more slender, the stems soft, easily crushed between the fingers; inflorescence tending to be looser and more open, with longer, laxer, sometimes drooping rays, some of the spikelets often borne singly instead of all in sessile clusters; spikelets averaging smaller, seldom over 1 cm long, more shining and reddish-brown; scales mostly (2) 23-3 (3.5) mm long, with a brown of tawny ground-color, so that the fine, red-brown striolac arc not usually prominent at lOX; margins of the scales entire to somewhat lacerate or shortly fringcd-ciliolaie, but less conspicuously so than in S. aciaus; achenes not wholly concealed by the scales at maturity, mostly 2 .O-2.3-mm long. Common name nile, softstem bulrush. HABITAT: Marshes and muddy shores of lakes and streams at lower elevations, colonial but seldom forming large exclusive colonies in the fashion of S. acutus; tolerant of alkali; widespread in temperate North America, and south into tropical America, and found in appropriate habitats throughout our range, somewhat less commonly than S. acutus. REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hotchkiss (1972). E .186 ------- Scirpus validus (seeds) GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: See Scirpus validus HABITAT: REFERENCE(S): E.187 ------- Scolioidea (unid.) GROUP: neuslonic and drift invertebrates DESCRIPTION: Parasidic wasps, Note: figure not available. HABITAT: Neuston in all but subtidal habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984). E.188 ------- Scorpaenidae (unid.) Preopercle with s spines; ( shi,, - Scorpioo h 4-LI anal soft-rays thOrnyhs e 4 ) GROUP motile fish DESCRIPTION: Rockfishes; gill opening extends at least as far as base of lowest pectoral fin ray opening behind gill arch is much reduces or absent; and two opercular spines and five preopecular spines. HABITAT: Larvae and small juveniles in water column; most adults demersal around subtidal hard substrate. REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973); figure from Miller and Lea (1971). E-189 ------- Scutelljdjum arthuri GROUP: epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Dark blue-black harpacticoid copepod. HABITAT: Almost exclusively found attached to celgrass and macroalgae. REFERENCE(S): See Wells (1976); figure from Its. E-190 ------- Sebastes caurinus GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Copper rockfish; dark fins, deep cuadal peduncle and latter 2/3 of lateral line area is clear of coloration. HABITAT: Larvae and small juveniles in water column; adults demersal in subtidal hard substrate habitats. REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973) and Miller and Lea (1972); figure from Hart (1973). I E-191 ------- Sebastes spp. DORsAj PIN I . GROUP: motile fish DESCRIprION: Rockfishes; distinguished from other genera by dorsal spine/ray counts of 11 to 14/11 to 18 and no continous sharp redge along side of head. HABITAT: Larvae and small juveniles in water column; adults demersal in subtidal and hard substrate habitats. REFEREN (S): See Hart (1973) for description and figures of most species found in this regio; figure from Miller and Lea (1971) and Garrison and Miller (1982). Vi rt I $ud. , Abdoi . lefly. E-192 ------- Sium suave GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Perennial from a very short erect crown, the fibrous roots sometimes originating at one or two lower nodes of the stem as well as from the crown; ste in solitary, stout, ribbed-striate, mostly 5-12 din tall, generally branched above; leaves basal and cauline or all cauline, the lower long. petiolate, the upper with progressively shorter, winged petioles, all pinnately once compound with 7-13 sessile, merely serrulate to deeply pinnatisect and again cleft leaflets, these 2-9 cm long, 1.5-10(20) mm. wide, typically lance-linear; primarily lateral veins of the leaflets mostly branched and inconspicuous, not bearing any obvious relation to the marginal teeth or sinuses; involucre of 6-10 lanceolate or linear bracts 3-IS mm long entire or incised, unequal, reflexed, involucel of 4-8 inconspicuous narrow bractlets 1-3 mm long, rays of the umbels in HABITAT: Swampy places and in shallow water, in the valleys and foothills; s. British Columbia to central Calififornia. REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). E .193 ------- Sorex bendirii uniculor hl.ick / GROUP: herbivorous mammals DESCRIPTION: Pacific water shrew or marsh shrew-, length 145-74 mm; tail unicolored, 61-80 mm; hind foot 18-22 mm; condylobasal length 20.8-23.8 mm; hind feet with a weak fringe of inconspicuous hairs about half as long as the claws; black or sooty brown dorsally, frequently frcsted with silver. tipped hairs; underparts very little lighter than upper parts.. HABITAT: Swamps, marshes, damp ravines, and under logs in damp woods in the Transition and Canadian life zones of northwestern California and the western third of Oregon and Washington. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Ingles (1965). black a iil, ..ih ,t stif hairs half claw kn tj , E-194 ------- Spartina spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Cordgrasscs; two species, S. ultenujiora and S. patens occur in this region. Thc former, saltmarsh cordgrass, has stems from ankle-high where the ground is barely flooded by high tides to higher than a man along marsh creeks; leaves to 0.6 m long and 2 wide, long tapering; flowers with long, upright branches. The latter species, saitmeadow cordgrass, has ankle-high to waist-high stems and leaves to 0.5 m long and 03 cm wide and long tapering; flower clusters to 18 cm long, usually with three to six branches. HABITAT: Brackish marshes; S. altenziflora is an exotic which has invaded coastal estuaries and Puget Sound, and is expanding dramatically in unvegetated mudflat habitats. REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973) for distinguishing characteristics; figures from Hotchkiss (1972).. lifesias 1/4 E-195 ------- Spergularia marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: This sprawling annual plant feels fleshy to the touch. The drab white to pale pink flowers are about 1 cm in diameter. The sepals are longer than the petals, partially obscuring them. Opposite, narrow linear leaves are 2 to 4 cm long. HABITAT: This plant is most typical of low salt and brackish marshes where it is sometimes a pioneer species; it may also range into the high salt marsh. Capable of withstanding regular tidal inundation, it is also particularly adapted to high salinities. As the common name implies, it generally grows on sandy substrate. The plant is often inconspicuous among its dominant associates, which include pickleweed and fleshy jaumea. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. 1984; figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978. N. E-196 ------- Spirinchus thaleichthys GROUP motile fish DESCRIPTION: Longfin smelt; distinguished from other smelts by canine teeth on tongue; very large pectoral fins, and upper jaw extending to rear of eye. HABITAT: Not extremely well known; most common along bottom of main.stem channels of estuaries. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973). E .197 ------- Spirontocaris spp. p I -) GROUP: evasive macroepifauna DESCRIPTION: Hippolytid shrimp. HABITAT: Subtidal on various substrata. REFERENCE(S): See Butler (1980), and Kozloff (1987). -7 . . . E-198 ------- Tanais spp. GROUP sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Tanaid; distinguished from others in the region by four free pleonites (others have three or five). HABITAT: Tube building in soft sediments; intertidal to subudal. REFERENCE(S): See Holdich and Jones (1983) for identilication and figure. E-199 ------- Tapes (Ruditapes) philipinarum GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Manila orjapanese littleneck clam; originally called T. japonico and Ven ropiis japonica. Oblong with widely spaced radial ridges; no teeth on inside of valves near ventral margins; valve interior yellowish with purple stain. HABITAT: Gravel-cobble beaches in euhalinc waters. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983, 1987); figure from Yates (1988). E -200 ------- Teleostei (larvae) GROUP: pelagic zooplankcon DESCRIPTION: Diverse bony fishes; usually short, compressed body with thin dermal scales and a symmetrical tail; often possessing air bladder. HABITAT: Water column; often concentrated along tidal fronts. R.EFERENCE(S) See Garrison and Miller (1982) for further description and figures. E.201 ------- Tellina spp. GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Clam; see taxonomic references for distinguishing characters. HABITAT: Silt or sand from intertidal to 440 meters. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification and figure; additional figure from Keen and Coan (1974). ft E.202 ------- Thaleichthys pacificus GROUP motile fLsh DESCRIPTION: Eulachon; silvery smelt with marked striations on gill cover, upper jaw extending to rear of eye; fine black specking on back. HABITAT: Anadromous; migrates directly through estuarine surface waters to spawn in winter-spring; larvae and postlarvac drift rapidly through, and dont appear to rear in, estuaries; feeds on zooplankton. REFERENCE(s) See Hart (1972) for identification and figure. E-203 ------- Theragra chalcogramma GROUP: motile fish DESCRIPTION: Walleye pollock; distinguished from other Gadid fishes by location of anal vent below space between first and second dorsal fins. HABITAT: In estuaries, in water column or demersoal in Inainstem channels. REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983). E-204 ------- I Tisbe spp. GROUP epibenthic plankters DESCRIPTION: Large harpacticoid copepods which are somewhat dorsoventrally flattened; adulLs have distinctive red stripes on the body. HABITAT: Epibenthic; associated with detritus or macrophytes. REFERENCE(S): See Wells (1976) for identification; figure from Volkmann and Rocco (1972). E . .205 ------- Tortanus discandatus GROUP: pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod; see taxonomic reference for description. HABITAT: Marine planktonic. REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982). E206 ------- Transennella tantilla GROUP sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Very small clam; recognized by siphons fused for half their length; tentacles on siphons long and flexible; posterior end of shell usually brown or purplish. HABITAT: Buried partially in clean sand, especially around eclgrass roots and rhizomes, in protected embaynients and beaches. REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983); figure from Keen and Coan (1974). ------- Triglochin maritimum GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: The fleshy, succulent leaves are I to 8 din in length and tufted from the root mat or from short rhizomes. Each leaf has a sheath which encircles the inner, older, and usually shorter Leaves. This sheath may extend as much as one-third of the leaf length. The sheath distinguishes seaside arrow grass from seaside plantain, which appears similar when not in flower. A Long flower stalk extends from the center of the plant above the Leaves. The tiny, green or purplish flowers are numerous, individually stalked,and densely dustered along the upper one-third of the stalk. The plant is nonpersistent in winter, the above-ground portion being removed by winter tides. HABITAT: Arrowgrass is common in low salt or brackish marshes where it is usually inundated twice a day. Occasionally arrowgrass may be found in high marshes where inundation occurs once daily, however, only rarely is it a dominant feature in these communities. In salt marshes, it may be associated with pickleweed, fleshy jaumea, and salt grass. In brackish marshes, common associates are sedges, Pacific silverweed, and American threesquare. Although not common, seaside arrowgrass has also been noted in alkaline seeps cast of the Cascades. REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann cc at. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). 2 . E-208 ------- Triglochin palustris GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Plants 1.5.6 dm tall, with short, ascending rhizomes; leaves 1/2.3/4 as long as the plant, the blades only 1.2 mm broad, sharp-pointed, the ligules 0.5-li mm long, parted to the base, racemes about half the length of the plant; pendicles slender, erect in fruit and then mostly 4-6 mm long; perianth segments about 1.5 (2) mm long, slightly exceeding the stamens; fruit linear-clavate, mostly 6-7 mm long, the 3 carpels separating upward and remaining suspended from the tip, acicular at the base. HABITAT: Coastal bogs to inland meadows, mudflats, and gravelly stream margins, often where brackish or alkaline REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). E-209 ------- Typha latifolia V/il GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Broadleaf cattail. Most common cattail in this region. Plant has separate female and male flowers. The female flowers are borne on the familiar large, brown cylinder atop each stem. The male flowers are borne above the female flowers, becoming a withered.spike shortly after flowering. There is no separation between the male and female flowers in common cattail (T. latifolia). Leaves are strap-like, sheathing and nearly as tall as the flower stems. Cattails stand between 1 and 2 m in height. HABITAT: Restricted to shallow marshes, usually growing in standing water. It often forms vast monotypic stands, but scattered individuals commonly grow in roadside ditches and wet disturbed areas. Generally a lowland species, it occurs up to about 1,000 m elevation. Numerous shallow marsh species are associated with this plant; it is also a common codominant with Douglas spirea in shrub- swamps REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). E-210 ------- 1 ypha spp. 1 I GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: Cattails; see T. latifolia, most common species in estuarine wetland in region, for description and figure. Narrow leaf cattail, 1. angustifolia, is also present and is distinguished by leaves usually shorter than a man and no wider than a pencil. Mature dark-brown female spikes arc not as thick as green piece of stem separating male and female spikes; above the ground, the stem is gray and slightly rough. HABITAT: Brackish marshes. REFERENCE(S): See Hotchkiss (1972) and Weinmann et a!. (1984) for diagnostic characteristics for species of region; figure from Hotchkiss (1972). E-211 ------- Ulva spp. GROUP: benthic Inacroalgac DESCRIPTION: This taxon represents a group of species that are basically flat, thin green blades attached with or without a short stipitate region to rocky substrata. The blades can be variously divided or perforated. Blades up to 2 m in diameter can be found in quiet waters. HABITAT: Intertidal mixed coarse sediments can contain extensive amounts of green Ulva, especially in summer. This taxon, in combination with other taxa of the genera Monostroma and Enteromorpha, are grouped under the common term ulvoids for simplicity. REFERENCE(S): Description from WDNR (1989), and Scagel (1972), figure from Smith (1969). E-212 ------- Upogebia pugettensis (larvae) GROUP pelagic zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Shrimp-like crustacean larvae. HABITAT: Water column, often aggregated along tidal fronts. REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1937) for taxonomic characteristics and figures. E-213 ------- Veneropsis japonica GROUP: sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Manila or Japanese littleneck clams; nomenclature replaced by Tapes philzp:nan nz. HABITAT: Mid-intertidal sand/gravel/cobble REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-214 ------- Yoldia spp. GROUP sedentary infauna DESCRIPTION: Clam; see taxonomic references for distinguishing characters. HABITAT: Intertidal to 2,000 meters. REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974). E-215 ------- Zaus spp. GROUP: epibenthic planktcrs DESCRIPTION. Medium-sized harpacticoid which is very dorsoventrally flattened; often bluish-green in color. HABITAT: Associated with marine macrophytes. REFERENCE(S): See Wells (1976) for identification; figure tom Ito (1974). E-216 ------- Zostera japonica GROUP rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: In Z. jopon:ca, the flat, grass-like leaves are up to 2 mm wide and do not exceed 15 cm in length. The upright stems originate from an underground rhizome. The seeds are enclosed in elongated membranous, translucent packets; Note: figure not available. HABITAT: Z japonsca occurs high on the intertidal between 1.0 m and 2.4 m above MLLW This species grows well in sandy or muddy substrate and may be found along both low and moderate energy shorelines throughout Puget Sound. REFERENCE(s) Description from Weinmann et al. (1984). E-217 ------- Zostera marina GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: In Z. manna, the flat, grass-like leaves are up to 1.4 cm wide and can be over 3 m in length. The upright stems originate from an underground rhizome. The seeds are enclosed in elongated membranous., translucent packets. - HABITAT: Z marina occurs up to about 1.8 m above MLLW and as deep as 6.6 m below MLLW. This species grows well in sandy or muddy substrate and may be found along both low and moderate energy shorelines throughout Puget Sound. REFERENCE(S): Description from Weinman et al. (1984), figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978). I E-218 ------- Zostera spp. GROUP: rooted vascular plants DESCRIPTION: See Z. marina and Z. japonica. HABITAT: Eelgrass. REFERENCE(S): See Phillips (1984). E-219 ------- SUPPLEMENT 6. ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION BIBLIOGRAPHY This bibliography contains references used in preparing the attribute descriptions and figures in the preceeding appendix (E). ------- Banse, K. and K.D. Hobson. 1974. Benthic errantiate polychaetes of British Columbia and Washington. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 185: 111 pp. Barnard, .1. L. 1969. The families and genera of marine gammaridean amphipoda. U.S. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 271, Smithson. Inst. Press, Washington, D.C. 535 pp.Borror, DJ. and R.E. White. 1970. A field guide to the insects of America north of Mexico. Peterson Field Guide Series, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 404 pp. Bousfield, El. 1979. The amphipod superfamily Gammaroidea in the northeastern Pacific region: systematics and distributional ecology. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash. 3: 297-357. Bousfield, E.L. 1982. The amphipod superfamily Talitroidea in the northeastern Pacific region. I. family Talitridae: syscematics and distributional ecology. Nat. Mus. Canada, Pubi. Biol. Oceanogr. 4. 73 pp. Bowman, T.E. 1960. The pelagic amphipod genus Parathemisto (Hyperiidea Hyperiidae) in the north Pacific and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 112: 343-392. Bowman, T.E. and H.E. Gruner. 1973. The families and genera of Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Smith. Contr. Zool. 146: 1-64. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 202. 280 pp. Conlan, K.E. and EL. Bousfield 1982. Studies on amphipod crustaceans of the northeastern Pacific region. 2. Family Ampithoidae. Nat. Mus. Canada, PubI. Biol. Oceanogr. 10: 41-75 Dethier, M.N. In press. A marine and estuarine classification system for Washington State. Wash. Dept. Nat. Res., Olympia, WA. Dickinson, JJ. 1982. The systematics and distributional ecology of the family Ampeliscidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) in the Northeastern Pacific refion. I. The genus Ampelisca. in Nat. Mus. Can. Pubi. Biol. Ocean., No. 10. Eschmeyer, W. N., E. S. Herald, and H. Hammann. 1983. A field quide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 366 pp. Fauchald, K. 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families, and genera. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles County, Sci. Ser. 28. 190 pp. Frost, B. W. 1989. A taxonomy of the marine calanoid copepod genus Pseudocalanus. Can. i. Zool. 67:525-551. Gardner, GA. and I. Szabo. 1982. British Columbia pelagic marine Copepoda: an identification manual and annotated bibliography. Can. Spec. PubI. Fish. Aquat. Sd. 62. 536 pp. Garrison, KL. 1980. Identification guide to larval fishes and fish eggs likely to occur in Grays Harbor, Washington. unpubi. manuscript, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle. 35 pp. Garrison, K.J. and B.S. Miller. 1982. Review of the early life history of Puget sound fishes. FRI-UW- 8216, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Washington, Seattle WA. 729 pp. Gurjanova, E. 1951. Bokoplavy morej SSSR, sopredel nykh vod (Amphipoda-Gammaridea) Opred p0 Faune SSSR, Akad. Nauk SSSR. 41. 1029 pp. F-2 ------- Hart, J.F.L. 1971. Key to planktonic larvae of families of decapod Crustacea of British Columbia. Syesis 4: 227-234. Hart, J. L. 1973. Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull 180, Fish. Res. Board Can., Ottawa. 740 pp Hart, J.F.L. 1982. Crabs and their relatives of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Mus Handbook No. 40. 267 pp. Hitchcock, C.L., and A. Cronquist. 1978. Flora of the Pacific Northwest: An illustrated manual Vol. 1- 6. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. Hobson, K.D. and K. Barise. 1981. Sendentariate and archianellid polychaetes of British Columbia and Washington. Can. Bull. Fish Aquat. Sd. 209. 144 pp. Holdich, D.M. and JA. Jones. 1983. A synopsis of the tanaids. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. 98 PP. Hotchkiss, N 1972 Common marsh plants of the United States and Canada. Dover Publ, New York, NY 9 9pp Ingles, L.G. 1965 Mammals of the Pacific staces California, Oregon, and Washington Stanford Unix Press, Stanford, CA. 506 pp Ito, T. 1974 Descriptions and records of marine harpacticoid copepods from Hokkaido, V 3. Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ. Ser VI, Zool. 19: 546-640. Ito, T. 1976. Descriptio and records of marine harpacticoid copepods from Hokkaido, VI. J. Fac Sci Hoklcaido Univ, Ser. VI, Zool. 20. S6 7 pp. Ito. T. 1976. Descriptions and records of marine harpacticoid copepods from Hokkaido, VI. J.Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ. Set VI, Zool. 20 448-567. Kathmann, R.D., W.C. Austin, i.C. Saltman, and J.D. Fulion. 1986. Identification manual to the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea of the northeast Pacific. Can Spec. Pubi. Fish. Aquat Sci. 93 411 pp. Keen, A.M. and E. Coan. 1974. Marine molluscan genera of western North America. An illustrated key. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford CA. 208 p. Kozloff, E.N. 1973. Seashore life of Puget Sound, the Strait of Georgia, and the San Juan archipelago Univ. Wash. Press, Seattle, WA. 282 pp. + plates. Kozioff, E.N. 1983. Seashore life of the northern Pacific coast. Univ. Wash. Press, Seattle, WA 370 pp Kozloff, E.N. 1987. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle WA. 511 pp. Lang, K. 1948. Monographie der Harpacticiden. Hakan Ohisson, Lund, Sweden. Lang, K. 1965. Copepoda Harpacticoida form the Californian pacific coast. K. svenska Vetensk -Akad Hand]., 10:1-560. Laubitz, D.R. 1970. Studies on the Caprellidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the American North Pacific Nat. Mus. Can Publ. Biol. Oceanogr. 1. 89 pp. F-3 ------- Lehmkuhl, D.M. 1979. How to know the aquatic insects. W.C. Brown Co. Publ., DuBuque, IA. 168 pp. Lough, R. 1975. Dynamics of crab larvae (Anomura, Brachyura) off the Central Oregon Coast, 1969- 1971. PhD thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR. Mccrow, L.T. 1972. The ghost shrimp, Callianassa californiensjs Dana, 1854, in Yaquina Bay, Oregon MS thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR. 56 pp. Meglicsch, PA. 1972. Invertebrate zoology. O ord Univ. Press, London. 834 pp. Merritt, R.W. and K.W. Cummins. 1984. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 2nd Ed. Kendall/Hunt PubI. Co., Dubuque, IA. 722 pp. Miller, DJ., and R.N. Lea. 1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Fish. Bull. 157, Calif. Dept. Fish Gain. 235 pp. Newell, G.E. and R.C. Newell. 1973. Marine plankton, a practical guide. Hutchinson Educational, London. 244 pp. Pennak, R.W. 1978. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. J Wiley & Sons, New York, NY 803 pp. Phillips, A.C. 1977. Key field characteristics of use in identifying young marine Pacific salmon. Tech. rep. 746, Fish. Mar. Serv., Pac. Biol. Sta., Nanaimo, B. C. 13 pp. Phillips, R.C. 1984. The ecology of eelgrass meadows in the Pacific Northwest: A community profile. FWS/OBS.84/24, US Fish. Wild]. Serv., Wash., D.C. 85 pp. Pilsbry, HA. 1916. The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species. Bull. 93, U.S. Nat. Mus. 366 pp. Poole, R.C. 1966. A description of laboratory reared zoeae of Cancer magister Dana, and megalopae taken under natural conditions (Decapoda, Brachyura). Crustaceana 11: 83-97. Rudy, P. R., Jr., and L. H. Rudy. 1983. Oregon estuarine invertebrates: an illustrated guide to the common and important invertebrate animals. U.S. Fish WildI. Serv., Biol. Serv. Prog., FWS/OBS-83/16. 225 pp. Smith, D.L 1977. A guide to marine coastal plankton and marine invertebrate larvae. Kendall/Hunt PubL Co. Dubuque IA. 161 pp. Smith, G.M. 1969. Marine Algae of the Montery Peninsula, California. Second Edition. Stanford Univ. Press, Standford, CA. 752 pp. Smith, K. and C.H. Fernando. 1978. A guide to freshwater calanoid and cyclopoid copepod Crustaccj of Ontario. Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 18. 76 pp. Smith, RI. and J.T. Carlton (eds). 1975. Lights manual: intertidal invertebrates of the Central California Coast. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 717 p. Smith, R.I., FA. Pitelka, D.P. Abbott, and F.M. Weesner. 1967. Intertidal invertebrates of the central California coast. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, CA. 446 pp. F-4 ------- Trinast, E. M. 1976. A preliminary note on Acartia californiensis, a new calanoid copepod from Newport Bay, California. Crustaceana 31:54-58. Volkmann-Rocco, B. 1972. Species of Tisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from Beaufort, North Carolina. Archo. Oceanogr. Limnol. 17:223-258. Waaland, J.R. 1977. Common seaweeds of the Pacific coast. Pacific Search Press. Seattle, WA. 120 pp. Weinmann, F., M. Boule, K. Brunner, J. Malek, and V. Yoshino. 1984. Wetland Plants of the Pacific Northwest U.S Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District. 85 pp. Wells, J.BJ. 1976. Keys to aid in the identification of marine harpacticoid copepods. Dept Z.ool., Univ Aberdeen 215 pp. Wydoski, R. S., and R. R. Whitney. 1979 Inland fishes of Washington. Univ. Wash. Press, Seattle, WA 220 pp Yates, S. 1988. Marine wildlife of Puget Sound, the San Juans, and the Strait of Georgia. The Globe Pequot Press, Chester, Connecticut. 262 pp. F-5 ------- SUPPLEMENT 7. PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF HIGH IMPORTANCE In addition to the biological relationships that were the focus of much of the Protocol, the process of developing the Protocol also identified many relationships between fish and wildlife assemblage species and physical characteristics of their associated habitats that were of high importance in determining the functional importance of the habitat. Unfortunately, few, if any, specific attributes of these relationships were identified by the respondents to ihe questionnaires or through the literature search. This section lists the relationships that were indicated as being of high importance but which remain largely unaddressed by the current version of the Protocol. Future research should be designed to provide more quantitative information on the relationships between fish and wildlife species and the physical characteristics of their environment in order for future assessment methodologies to address this important gap. ------- Emergent Marsh American coot Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Reproduction Elevation, Riparian American goldflnch Feeding: General, Sound Reproduction: Elevation. Riparian American wigeon FeedingS General, Sound Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology General. Sound Refuge/Physiology Gcneral. Water/Sediment Quality Reproduction Ele ation. Intertidal Reproduction Ele ation. Riparian Reproduction Gencral. Sound Bumehead Feeding: General. Water,Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology Gcnet al. Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology Ph s.ical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Black brant FeedingS General, Graveling FeedingS General. Light Feeding General. Sound Feeding. General. Water/Sediment Ouality Refuge/Physiologv General, Sound Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Canada goose Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Reproduction. General, Sound Chinook salmon Feeding: General, Salinity FeedingS General, Temperature Feeding: General, Light Feeding: General, Sound Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Honzontal Edges Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian G-2 ------- Chum salmon Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Detritus Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Light Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Common goldeneye Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Common snipe Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Reproduction: General, Sound Cutthroat trout Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Light Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/ Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Dark-eyed junco Feeding: General, Sound Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Great blue heron Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Reproduction: General, Sound G.3 ------- Gadwall Feeding: General, Sound Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction; Elevation, Riparian Reproduction: General, Sound Greater yellowlegs Feeding General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Ouality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Green-winged teal Feeding: General, Sound Feeding. General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction. Elevation, Riparian Reproduction General, Sound Least sandpiper Feeding. General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Mallard Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction. Elevation, Riparian Reproduction. General, Sound Merlin FeedingS General, Sound Reproductjon Elevation, Riparian Reproduction General, Sound Muskrat Feeding: General, Sound Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Northern oriole Reproductjon Elevation, Riparian Osprey Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Pacilic harbor seal Feeding: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Reproduction: General, Sound Prickly sculpln Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality G-4 ------- Raccoon Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Red-tail hawk Feeding: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Reproduction: General. Sound Redwing blackbird Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Short-billed dowitcher Feeding: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Song sparrow Feeding: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology Ph ical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation. Riparian Spotted sandpiper Feeding: General. Sound Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality Savannah sparrow Feeding: General. Sound Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Threesplne stickleback Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal Townsend vole Feeding: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Western sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality G5 ------- Mudflat Bumehead Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Canada goose Feeding General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Common goldeneye Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Common snipe Feeding General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology General, Sound Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Dunlin Feeding: General, Sound Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge! Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Dungeness crab Feeding: General, Carrion Feeding: General, Detritus English sole Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal Reproduction: General, Salinity Reproduction: General, Temperature Great blue heron Feeding General, Sound Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Rcfuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Reproduction: General, Sound G-6 ------- Greater yellowlegs Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Least sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Pacific harbor seal Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge! Physiology General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Pacific staghorn sculpin Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal Raccoon Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Turbidity Short-billed dowitcher Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: General, Sound Spotted sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Starry flounder Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal Reproduction: General, Salinity Reproduction: General, Temperature Western sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief G-7 ------- Sandflat Common goldeneye Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology; General, Water/Sediment Quality Common snipe Feeding: General, Sound Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Dunlin Feeding General, Sound Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality Great blue heron Feeding General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction Elevation, Riparian Reproduction General, Sound Greater yellowlegs Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality Horned grebe Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology; General, Water/Sediment Quality Least sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction. General, Water/Sediment Quality Pacilic sanddab Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding General, Turbidity - Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality G ..8 ------- Sand sole Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Spotted sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Waler/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology General, Sound Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality Speckled sanddab Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality G-9 ------- Gravel/Cobble Beach Bumehead Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding. General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Buffalo sculpin Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Coho salmon Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Copper rockflsh Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Reproduction. Elevation, Subtidal Reproduction Substrate, Sediment Cutthroat trout Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology. General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology General, Sound Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge! Physiology General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Double-crested cormorant Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Dolly varden Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Great sculpin Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Horned grebe Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality G-1O ------- Least sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Mew gull Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Pacific herring Reproduction: Elevation, Intertidal Reproduction: Elevation. Subtidal Pile perch Reproduction: Ele aiion. Subtidal Padded sculpin Refuge/Physiologv Ph sscal Complexity, Bathymetric Features Pacific tomcod Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal Raccoon Feeding: General. Turbidit Red rock crab Feeding: General, Waier,Sediment Quality Rock sole Feeding: General, Waler/Scdiment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Surf smelt Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidiiy Refuge/Physiologv General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Reproduction: Elevation, Intertidal Reproduction: Substrate, Sediment Spotted sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Starry flounder Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Western grebe Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, WaLer/Sediment Quality Whitespotted greenhing Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal G-11 ------- Eelgrass Bumehead Feeding General, Sound Feeding. General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Black brant Feeding: General, Gravelirig Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality FeedingS General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Canada goose Feeding. General, Sound Feeding. General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Chum salmon Feeding. General, Salinity Feeding General, Detritus Feeding General, Temperature Feeding: General, Light Feeding: General, Sound FeedingS General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology. General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Dungeness crab Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Carrion Feeding: General, Detritus Feeding: General, Graveling Reproduction: General, Salinity Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality Great blue heron Feeding. General, Sound Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian G-12 ------- Greater yellowlegs Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Glaucous.wlnged gull Feeding: General, Carrion Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Kelp perch Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity Least sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Osprey Feeding: General, Sound Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Pacific harbor seal Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Shiner perch Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Spotted sandpiper Feeding: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Striped seaperch Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity Western sandpiper Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound G-13 ------- Nearshore Subtidal Soft Bottom C-O sole Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Dungeness crab Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal Dover sole Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality Hybrid sole Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Mountain whitefish Feeding: General, Salinity Northern squawfish Feeding General, Salinity Reproduction. General, Salinity Pacific cod Feeding General, Salinity Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity Reproduction Elevation, Subtidal Reproduction: General, Salinity Pacific tomcod Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity Reproduction General, Salinity Rough sculpin Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Rutfish Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Reproduction: General, Salinity Sturgeon poacher Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality G-14 ------- Wafleye pollock Feeding: General, Salinity Feeding General, Water/Sediment Ouality Feeding General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiolo General 1 Turbidity Reproduction: General, Salinity G-15 ------- Water Column Bumehead Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality Coho salmon Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity Chinook salmon Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology. General, Turbidity Chum salmon Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology. General, Turbidity Common goldeneye Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Common merganser Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding. General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Double-crested cormorant Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Gad ll Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Mew gull Feeding: General, Detritus Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality G-16 ------- Osprey Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical COmplexity, Vertical Relief Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian Pacific herring Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity Reproduction: Elevation, Intertidal Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal ReproductiQn: General, Salinity Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality Pacific harbor seal Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Pink salmon Feeding General, Temperature Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Pacific sand lance Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity Red-breasted merganser Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality River lamprey Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Water Movement Surf smelt Reproduction: Elevation, Intertidal Reproduction: General, Salinity Steelhead (rainbow) trout Feeding: General, Temperature Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity Northern sea lion Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief Western brook lamprey Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Water Movement Western grebe Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: General, Turbidity Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality G.17 ------- SUPPLEMENT 8. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS This section lists the many persons whose contributions where invaluable to the development of the Protocol. A variety of contributors participated at one or more of the stages, either as a participant in the Urban Estuary Mitigation Work Group (UEMWG), and thus a respondent to Matrix I and II, as one of the research experts surveyed in the Attribute Data Questionnaire, or as a participant in the Port Townsend workshop. For their cooperation and assistance, the authors express their gratitude. ------- John Armstrong, 2 Robert L. Emmett 2 Environmental Protection Agency National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle, WA Hammond, OR Thomas W.H. Backman 2 Kern Ewing 2 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF) Range Science Department Washington, DC Logan, UT George Blomberg i Kurt Fresh 2 Port of Seattle Washington Department of Fisheries Seattle, WA Olympia, WA Marc Boule Michael Graybill Shapiro & Associates, Inc. South Slough Natl. Estuarine Sanctuary Seattle, WA Charleston, OR Gary Bradfield 2 Paul Hickey Botany Department Muckleshoot Indian Tribe Vancouver, BC Auburn, WA Ken Brunner Liz Hoenig 3 Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Muckleshoot/Suquamish Tribes Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Mary Burg Rich Hornet 3 Washington Department of Ecology Department of Civil Engineering Olympia, WA Seattle, WA Dan Cheney23 Greg Hueckel 2,3 BioAquatics International Washington Department of Fisheries Bellevue, WA Olympia, WA John Cooper .3 DeAnn Kirkpatrick U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Institute of Marine Studies Olympia, WA Seattle, WA Andrea Copping 3 Kathy Kunzl . 3 Puget Sound Water Quality Authority Environmental Protection Agency Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Jeff Cordell Pat Lambert Fisheries Research Institute Institute for Marine Studies Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Paul Dinnel2 Mark LaSalle3 School of Fisheries U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Seattle, WA Vicksburg, MS H-2 1 = UEMWG participant 2 = Attribute Questionnaire respondent 3 = Workshop participant ------- Cohn Levmgs 2 Michael Rylko i . Department of Fisheries and Oceans Environmental Protection Agency West Vancouver, BC Seattle, WA Dave McEntee Leslie Sacha 1 Port of Tacoma Port of Tacoma Tacoma, WA Tacoma, WA Andy McMillan i Jim Shafer Washington Department of Ecology Washington Department of Transportation Olympia, WA Olympia, WA Russ McMillan3 Dave Shreffler Washington Department of Ecology Fisheries Research Institute Olympia, WA Seattle, WA Mary Lou Mills Charles Simenstad i. .s Washington Department of Fisheries Fisheries Research Institute Olympia, WA Seattle, WA Joe Miyamoto 1.3 Ann Soule Puyallup Tribe of Indians University of Arizona Tacoma, WA Tucson, AZ Thomas F. Mum ford, Jr. Michelle Stevens 3 Department of Natural Resources Washington Department of Ecology Olympia, WA Olympia, WA Karen Northup 1 Naki Stevens 3 Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Puget Sound Water Quality Authority Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Ronald C. Phillips 2 Heather A. Stout Department of Natural and Mathematical B-Twelve Associates Sciences Kent, WA Seattle, WA Curtis D. Tanner 1.3 Dr. Klaus 0. Richter 2 Institute for Marine Studies Kirkland, WA Seattle, WA Diane E. Robbins 3 Ronald M. Thom Invert-Aid Fisheries Research Institute Tacoma, WA Seattle, WA Ralph T. Rogers 3 Rex Van Wormer 3 Environmental Protection Agency IES Associates Portland, OR Olympia, WA ____________________________H-3 1 = UEMWG participant 2 = Attribute Questionnaire respondent 3 = Workshop participant ------- Gary Voerman Environmental Protection Agency Seattle, WA Terrence R. Wahl 2 Bellingham, WA Fred Weininann Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Seattle, WA Ann E. Wessel Washington Department of Ecology Olympia, WA Gary L Williams 2 G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd. Coquitlam, BC Susan L. Williams, 2 Friday Harbor Laboratories Friday Harbor, WA Frances Wilshusen Squaxin Island Indian Tribe Olympia, WA Bob Zcigler i, Washington Department of Wildlife Olympia, WA Gordy Zilliges Washington Department of Fisheries Olympia. WA H-4 1 = LJEMWG participant 2 = Attribute Questionnaire respondent 3 = Workshop participant ------- |