Estuarine habitat assessment supplements


                                    FRI-UW-8919
                                    December 1989
 ESTUARINE HABITAT ASSESSMENT
            SUPPLEMENTS
               Prepared by:

  CHARLES A. SIMENSTAD, CURTIS D. TANNER,
           AND RONALD M. THOM
       WETLAND ECOSYSTEM TEAM
       FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
        UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
              Prepared for:


U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
       Region 10, Office of Puget Sound
               Seattle, WA

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SUPPLEMENTS
1. MATRIX I RESULTS
2. MATRIX II RESULTS
3. SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
4. ATTRIBUTE DATA QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
5. ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTIONS
6. ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION BIBLIOGRAPHY
7. PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF HIGH IMPORTANCE
8. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

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SUPPLEMENT 1. MATRIX I RESULTS
The following section presents the results of the first matrix questionnaire (Matrix I)
circulated among UEMWG representatives and their respective agencies. For a particular estuarine
habitat, The top row lists assemblage species (columns) in code form and the left column lists habitat
functions (rows). Respondents were requested to provide their best professional judgement as to the
importance of each habitat function to the assemblage species using the following system:
0 = no relationship
1 = relationship of low importance
2 = relationship of medium importance
3 = relationship of high importance
4 = significant relationship suspected, but no data available
The purpose of Matrix I was to identify relationships of high importance between fish and
wildlife assemblage species and the various habitats. These relationships were the focus of later efforts
to determine specific attributes accounting for habitat functions (see Matrix II).
The results presented here are preceded by a key to assemblage species codes. It is important
to note that at this early stage in the development of the Protocol, Deep Subtidal habitats were grouped
together. Later review determined the need to divide this group into two categories, referred to in the
Protocol as Nearshore Subtidal Soft Substrate and Nearshore Subtidal Hard Bottom. Each cell in the
matrix represents a different UEMWG participant response. Not all participants felt qualified to
respond for all assemblage species, thus the large number of blank cells. Where no respondent
identified a particular relationship as being of high importance, the cell was shaded and the relationship
not considered in future questionnaires. Finally, this matrix was reviewed at the Port Townsend
workshop (see Introduction to Protocol) for accuracy. Any entries in the lower left cell of each
relationship indicates a consensus at the workshop for suggested change that overrode previous
responses.

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KEY TO CODES USED IN MATRIX I RESULTS
Code Common Name Latin Name
amc American coot Fulica americana
aing American goldfinch Spinus tnsus
amw American wigeon Aizas americana
bfh bufflehead Bucephala albeola
bfs buffalo sculpin Enophrys bison
bgb bay goby Lepidogobius lepidus
bib black brant Bronta bcrmcla
bir black rockfish Sebastes i;ielanops
bit black turnstone Arenana mnelanocephalo
bpf bay pipefish Syng zatJius leoptorhvnc/ms
brr brown rockfish Sebastes auncu!an:s
cag Canada goose Branta can adensis
cbz cabezon Scorpacn:chtlivs ,narnioran:s
chs coho salmon Oncorhvnchus kisutch
cks chinook salmon Oncorhynchus ishawyzscha
cmr common murre Una aolge
cms chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta
cog common goldeneye Bucephala clangzda
corn common merganser Mergus meiganser
cos C-C sole Pleuron:chzhys coenosus
cpr copper rockfish Sebasies caurinus
crg crescent gunnel P/jolts beta
csa cassins auklet Prychoramphus oleuticus
csn common snipe Capella galiwogo
A-2

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Code Common Name Latin Name
cu cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clark:
dcc double-crested cormorant Phalacmcor auntus
dej dark-eyed junco Junco hyemolis
din dunlin CabdAs alpina
dnc Dungeness crab Cancer magister
dvs Dover sole Microstomus pacificus
dvi doily varden Salvelinus nzalnia
ens English sole Pleureonectes vetulus
gbh great blue heron Ardea herodias
gdw gadwall Aitas strepera
grs green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris
grs great sculpin Myoxocephalus
po!yacant/?ocephalus
grw gray whale Eschrichuus robustus
gry greater yellowlegs Tnnga nielanoleuco
gwg glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens
gwt green-winged tea] Anas crecca
hgb horned grebe Podiceps auntus
hys hybrid sole Inopsetta :schyra
kid killdeer Cliaradnus vocifen:s
klg kelp greenling Herogranimos decagranznius
kpp kelp perch Brachyistius frenatus
Ifs longlin smelt Sp:rinchus thaleichthys
Igc lingcod - Op/ziodon elongatus
Isp least sandpiper Colidns minuulla
Iss largescale sucker Carostoi u:s n:acroche:Ius
mid mallard Anas platyrhynchos
A-3

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Code Common Name Latin Name
mm merlin Falco colunzbarius
mn muskrat Ondatra zthethica
mwf mountain whitefish Frosopiuni willsanzsoiu
mwg mew guil Larus can us
noa northern anchovy Engraulis nsordax
nor northern oriole Icents galbula
nos northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis
osp osprey Panthon hal:aeius
pac Pacific cod Gadus macrocepha/us
pah Pacific herring Clupea harengus pollasi
phk Pacific hake Meriuccius productus
phs Pacific harbor seal Phoca vim/ma
PIP pile perch Rlzacoclulus i’occa
ppg penpoint gunnel Apodschth ’s flavidus
prs prickly sculpin Coitus asper
psa pink salmon Oncothynclws gorbusc/ia
psc padded sculpin Armedius fenestrahs
psd Pacific sanddab Cithanchihys sordidus
psi Pacific sand lance Aniniodyies hexapients
pss Pacific staghorn sculpin Lepzocottus arnzarus
ptc Pacific torn cod Microgadus proxvnus
qbr quillback rockfish Sebastes nialiger
ibm red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator
icc raccoon Proc-yon lotor
ncr red rock crab Cancer productus
rks rock sole Pleuronecies bilmneaga
rsc rough scuipin Chuonozus puge lensms
A-4

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Code Common Name Latin Name
rtf radish Hydrolagus colliei
r(h red-tail hawk Buseojan:aicenss
rvl river lamprey La npetra ayresi
rio river otter Lutra cg.nadensis
rwb redwing blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus
sbd short-billed dowitcher Lininodromus grrseus
sds sand sole Psetuclithys nielanosnczus
seo short-eared owl As:o flaninieus
sfs surf smelt Hypoinesus prenosus
sgs song sparrow Melospiza ,nelod:a
shp shiner perch Cynia:ogaster a regata
sht steelhead (rainbow) trout Oncorisync/uts invksss
spb snake prickleback Lunipenus sagzua
SPS spotted sandpiper Actuis macu/aria
ssc soft sculpin Gilbertidia sigaltites
ssd speckled sanddab Csz/ianc/u/iys sngmaeus
ssl northern sea lion Eunie:opias jubatus
SSp striped seaperch Enib:otoca lateralis
scf starry flounder Platichthys ste/laws
stp sturgeon poacher Agonus ac:penserutus
svs savannah sparrow Passerculus sondwichens,s
tbs tube-snout Aulorhynclius flavidus
tss threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
tsv Townsend vole Microrus townsendi:
vgr Virginia rail Rat/us tinucola
wbl western brook lamprey Laniperra nchardso,u
wep walleye pollock Theragra chalcogranima
A-5

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Code Common Name Latin Name
wgr western grebe Aechrnoplzorus occidentalis
wsg whitespotted greenling He.sagrarnnzos stelleri
wsp western sandpiper Ca1:d is n:aun
A-6

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PMTRIX I RESULTS EMMERGENT MARSH
CKS
CMS
TSS
CT ! ’
P5 5
PRS
GBH
GWT
AMV
MW
GDV
BFH COG CAG BIB MAC
KLD
CSN
FEEDING.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 % 3
--
1 2
INVERTEBRATES I
--
32
--
32
—
*
--
12
—
t
--
0
--
2
--
0
--
0
--
C
-
0
0
.
1 1
2 2
B.nth.c
3
--
34
--
, , . .
3
--
—
3
--
4
--
3
--
4
--
3
--
3
-
3
3 3
-
33
----
-
Ep.b.nthsc
--——
333333
3
3 .;
33
33
33
13
33
33
2
1
0
C
C
0
0
C
2 2
3
2
33
13
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
4
3 3
— — . ,
OC
• : : !
——
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E

:V
:: • : • • • ••
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p p
IC
10
3 3
.
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::
2
12
31
0.1 0
0
0
0 .
1
1
13
4
0
3
3
3:..
VERTEBRATES
•
3
.
• ... . .
. : • : •
3
DsmersaJ
0
0
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3 0
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0
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1
14
24
1
3
.
4
0 •
4
—
Water Column
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::..
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01
31
21
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3
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a
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3
0
.
C
PLANTS
. .
.
3
3
3
3
24
1
2 3
Emsrg.ntVuc.
0
0 :0 • O
0
0
2
3
3
3
0
0
3 3 2
--—---
1
2 2
1
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3
3
3
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3
3
3 4 3
.
4
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Subm.r •nt Vasc.
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3
2
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4
3
: •••‘
:•S.4
A—I

-------
MAT X I SULTS: EMMERGENT MARSH
CKS
CMS TSS CTT PSS PRS GBH OWl AMY
MLDIGDWIBFH COG CAG BLB AMC KLD CSN
IENERSØJ.. I I I I f l U I 3J I .. • 3 II I
0 0 0 0 1 2 — 2j I
.? — ij I II iii I it ii ii us i t u s III
hrave lhng II — I j ° 3
arrion I I
‘I 11 I I I II I I I II II I 1 II I III Jill III 11111 IS II I I I 11111
I I •• ;. I I I I
it i ‘
2
•mp.ratur•
: :
0 3
:i:
03
:
020
IS Ifilil III I I III I IIlIII ni_i III
300
3 2
2
2
132
,,
31 •:
1. 1 11 1 IIT i i..I .TITI 1TII...II II t IIIII. 1 1 II.... _ I I _Il I II ITT_tIl l I...!.IJI TIlT_I_TI ITITTTII!
0
ii T iTi iT
) . pund . _ ___
43
.. .
431 4
. .. .T
300
3
]
3
3
:r
3
I . ... .. I
3
. .11
•:
— —
—
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—
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TI IIlII I .. .II . 1
I._T I. I
ht
21
‘r/Sdjmint —
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3 ’
rbidity
f 5 3i :
1
43424
3_332
:
::
2 0 0
3 3 3
E
:
03
41
Iii.
3 . :L 5 4 ,
32
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— —
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2

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— —
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t
L
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[
:
j

2 2
3 3
.
— — —
31 3
4
•‘ f
-
21

431 430 0
2 1241:
I 111.111
3
4
lI_I_IS I L__i
21 1
.
Ii Ill liii I . 1 1.1 .! IIl 1 1 II I 1 111_IT .111
A-8

-------
t T x I REStLT EMM QENT t1PSH
ICKSICMSTSS
GBH
GWT
W
8FH OGCN3BL8AMC
KW
C$N
REFuGE/PIffS 1OWGY:
:
2
1
PHYS.COMPLEXj
4
4
4 2
2 : 3 2
3
3
1
1 2
2
Vsrticsirslisf
2
2
13
1 .
3
3
3
•
——
—-
2
4343
——
13
——
13
1
——
03
3
3
3
3 \I 3 2
3
3
2
2
14
IC
I
DC
0
4
3
4
4’ 3
4
3
U
——
—U

1
—
_!
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——
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M
H
::. :::::;::::: ; :: •:: ::::: :
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2
1
3
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I
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1
3
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1 0
3
3
2
3
2 1
3 3
2
4
— —
— —
— —
— —
—
—
,
—
—
—
—
— —
—
BIOLOGICAL COMPIIXJTY.
,
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Em.rg.ntVasc.pI
43
23
1
0303
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
3
3
—____
L_
- _
1
-
4
4
3
3 1
°
Submsr .ntVuc.
Plinis
.
3
3
3 3 3
01
01
21
3
0
.
2
2
2
t
.
:;. 4 4 4
0
0
0
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0 * 0 0 0 0 0
M*_ !O 6J*.
.
.‘
:
3 3 3
0101
0
11
1
2
1
1 1
-.----
2 2
2
1 •
4
0
0
0
0000000
GENERAL.
Sslin•
0
2
0
2
0
02
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
2
2
.4
0
•
Tsmpuatur•
::
•
•
.. . . .
1 1
1
2
0
0
1
11 • I 1 1
1
1
2
2
••• .:
.
... ..
Sound
.
2
2
2
2
434
3
12
32
1
1
2
3
3
3 2
2
3
2
4
4
3
4
4
4 4 3
3
Liht
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
I
434
3
12
33
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
‘3
:3
—
I 1
4
4
..:
•
3
.4
4
4
4 4
4 3
.4
13
Water/SidimvitQu
aiity
.
...
2
3
13
3
3 3 3
‘3 ‘2
434
3
12
23
• t.
4.
3
2
2
2
0 0
3 3 2
2
‘3
3 3
23
33
2
4
3
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3 3
3
4
4
Turbid•
.
3
.
. .... . . 2
434
3
12
23
1
1
3
2
1
—-—.
2 2
‘
23
23
I
2
.
.
A-9

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MATRIX I SULTS: EMMEAGENT MARSH
I . I _ .±.1•..i I
J..I
III - CKS CMS TSS Cli ss s GBHIGWT MLDIG BFH
REPROOUCTION •: • •.:.; • : •1! 3:?
SUBSTRATE • 0 O O’ oI 3
( rianV.g.tatio •(EN t J 4 :::: : —‘F : :
Em.rg.ntVasc P$* t* 3 3 3
Subm.rg,ntVjjcii,s , :‘: ‘
acro al u
•0: 0 0 : : 3
: • ; • . •.:::.
COG CAGIBIB AMcIKLD CS J
• 31 >: .i jJ
[ IWIIIP 3
IH 0
3 3
—
•:
.11 1.1 .1 •1 ••• • • : • • • •• ••: ••:. : .. • •
•...:: • ::: • ••:• • 0 •: • : • ::.:
,.diment
10001003 3 :..:
—-•-—-—---—— . 1.301 • . •: •
•
•
..::
•
•.: •
••
•.•• •
: .. ••.
• •f : ..:.:• •... •
:: •:.•
••• •
• •
••
VATION
—
—
I • • : • • .::... :• ••
• . •
ubtidaI
-
. 3
•
a
nt•rtidal • . . :• • • • • :. :: :: • • : ••• •• • • •
0 0 0 ••O’ 0 0 H:: •. •• •• ::. ‘ • ••• • •
•1 ••i 2 I •i •• • ..• :. •: • ::..:
I- U
‘
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•
•
a
1 ” rian
[ __
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:
:
.: . :: •
oOoo.* ooOo
0
3 3
3
3•
3.:.
2
3
3 4.: 3 j
3
4 4
3
3.•••••
3• ••••
3 3
3
:
• • . •.
•
•
3 3
0
ENERAL
• ..
•
IIinity
• 0Ø. 3
.:O.2 •3
. :
•• •
I—
1.2
1.1 •
•
• • •
.
•
•mperature • • • : • • • : • . • : •
0 0 4 .0 2 3 ; : •.: • • • : • • •
1 1 :2 I 2 . •:: : : •• : •.
tund r
‘ • O•Q4’Q.4:4 o 3 3 3::.;::: 3 ”: 3
•. H • : . .. 4:.’. :: . : •
Pit : : . • • : • • • • •• — — — — — — — — : :. ••
0: .0;: 4 •.• 0 4 : 4 - i_ 3 ... .. : 3 3 3
1_ _ _ _ 4 4 0 0
Wat.r/sdimnt • . •.; :• : . . . • • — . . . : .: • • • • •: :.
.•. ::... ••• • •••. •. •: ..•... :. 2
.: • •.. : 4
‘Turbidi • : ::i: • . • • . .• •
.
. : .. • •
JTh.I.JO Oi4I4 1 J• . .: !I.::OIOI j 21 • •21
A-1O

-------
MATRIX I RESULT& EMME EP1T MARSH
.i5•
s s wsP LSP GRY RWB NOR G SVS SGS OEJ OSP MLN RTH P118 SV MRT R C
FEEDING
INVERTEBRATES
2
:2
2
: 3
2 2

3
3 1
1 1
0
: i
Binthic
—-
3
3
... ..:.:....;:..: ::
...:..: :
--—
Epib.nthic
3
2 3 3 1 1
I 1 i i 2
3 3 4 4 3 .
J 3
—
::
—
P us n
VERTEBRATES
. . . .. .. :. :.• . . .. . .:..:....: .: .:::. :.:f::
:
.::::.:.:...: ... . ::
_m!f$$I
——___
C
0
“ 0
—
4 4
::: : ••:•: •.. . •: . . .: : : •• • : .: •:: :: ::: •
3
3 * 4
: . •
:
W*tsr Column
—
0
0
0
3 2
—
3
3
3
3 1
—
01 • .: o :• •. • : • • •. •. • . . . :
.. :: . • : .
. .. .. : . .
Tsrrsstnsl
I
2
1
3
2
—
. : :. ••••: :•••.•:.....•
3
3: : : 3
a
PLANTS
49
.‘ . .... .:;..:.:..::.:. .. ..•. ..
. : • .:;. :: :: .
3. :
Em.tg.ntVa.c
—
: .::
3
0
3
3
0
2
.4 : •‘
3
3
3
Subm.rg.nt Vasc
3
. .. . •: - •:: .. . . : • • .. ;: :• •: .•: • • . . • .
:
4 4 4 4
... . .... .... . . ... .. . •0
Macroaigae
. . . .. .: •• 3 : • •. • • . . ... .. : . : • : : • • .•• •
:
—
4 4 1
0 0 0
Micro &gss
4
. 4 4::::::.
If
A-il

-------
MAT C I SlJLTS: EMMERGEN1 MARSH
-
• : • •
— . 44*
• . >: : •
— 4•
—
RWR NOR 1 4 M3 g g s s DEJ OSP MLN RTH
‘ ..
WtIIIIII IIIII ItI IILI ) JuL11 t t,,iiii .111.111 ItlItlIll 1.uii•1 lIS III
. .
PIF1tIIII 111111111 lUll’! I I I_puI.LI IILIIII isilutuil lII.AI1I itli_Ill TIlI..J’I
P T V MRT RCC
.. . :
tililijil .It.SttJI IlillIlIl
.... . . .
III ,.PIIS 11.1.111 .1111.11
4 ‘4
GENERAL
Detritus
‘
,.
III II 11JUl11 I ii,i, I II I I tfltt I II 11111 11111 II I *
.:
Gravellung
c
• —
— —
I -I
I S I I I .-N III N I II fl I t • II I U I
—

—
I I, J I I I II I S I I till I I
Carrion
—q-
4
—
IN I 1k II 1 1 1 I I I 1111 I II I .1
I I I
I I
——
—
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—
,
III
I
I tUI
I
N
I I
I
4
—
—
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—
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I I I I ISI’I II I’ I ft I I I I U I I 11 1 1-I 1111 1111 I p
.
Salinity
‘-
—
—
—
I
I
I I I
I’,
* I
II
II P
I
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I
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—
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— —.w
I
I I I I I 11 1 111
LIII P I I I I I 1 I I I I I
T.mp.rature
.
. . : • •: • • : : . • • . . : • . : • • • . .: .
. .
NS •
. •..I.IIJS •• •‘ : II lUll •l I•IPI•I I •. p•I. I•I .. -. :. I I : ..... .I..j; Tilll
•
•
Sound
-.
.
3 3
3
3
3
2!3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
32
3 3
3
3
3
•414
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
4
44
Light
——
I
: •.•
‘3

“ ter/Ssdim.nt
I :E4

3
:!.?

P
—
E
—
3

:
—
3
El?
::
— —
3
±
::.
31 3 31 3 3 3 3 3••• 3 3’3
:9—’ : : L I: 11111
. II ..U.. .1 1. .r I. o • I •
I H 4t 14
Turbidity
I I U
: 41 . .:: I
A-12

-------
MAT X I RESULTS EMMEAGENT PtARSH
SBD SPS WSP UP GRY RWB NOR AMG SV$ SOS DEJ OSP MLN RTH PHS
I
SV
RI
RCC
JGE/PHYS1OLOGy
PHYScOMPL.EXJTY2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
) ‘
2 < 2
2
2__2
s1icsIr.hst
3
3 3 3
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
‘.
---
3
4
- -
3 3 3
4 4 4
—
\ ----
3 3 3 3333
4 4 3 3 3 4 4



—
.:... :::. ::• . •‘ :
1 1 1 t 2 0
*Isrmovsmsnt
—
—
4 4
: :
3
4 4
: ::
3
4
:

.
——
—
——.—
——
—
BsthymsiricFutu
‘3
3
2
1
1
1
—
4
4 4 4
4
424 424 4 4
3
3
3Icx.oGIcALcoMpLExrr Y
Em .rg.ntvuc.P 11nj 1 2
3 3
3 __
3
4_
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
• • •. I
. :• 3_•
•
Subm.rg.nt Vasc. •
Pisms
C
• • • : • . . . . . . :
• . .
.•.. .. . ..
—
-
C
:. ....... L
.
.
. .. . .. :
GENERAL
. . ••: • . .•.•. •• . f: : ••. ..
Sabnity
I
I . i:.;.. • .: • . ::. . •:

Tmpsiatur.
. i
.. I I:.:I.: ::t.. : •. ..... :. •• • .: ••• .:
• .
.
Sound 2
....
.4
. • : :..• .••
: ..
4..4 4
3
0
1
3
0
3 3
0 0
3
3
4
3
4
3 3
413
3
4
3
‘4
4
•ht 3
2 1
1
——-
3
3 3
3
3. 3
3 3 3
3
3
3
3: .
3
3
4
4 4
4
4 4
4
4
4 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4.
...
Sidim.nt Ou
aMy
2 . • . : :.::.;: :•: :r : . . • • : •
••
3
3
3
3
3. . ... .. : . :. •
.
I
4
4
4
4
4 4..... . 4 : : .
-
. 4
.
T••
. . . . . ..
.
:• 4
:
.
A.13

-------
MATRIX I SULTS: EMMERGENT MARSH
REPROO .JC 1•C ’1 —
LSU STRATE 3
( •‘ianV.g.tatioá .1 3
I
Em.rgent Vaic. Ptsnts . .
.. .: _13
. :
3
13
:
3
:
3
3
0
3
.;: ;:::;:; ::

3__
3__
3_
: 0
Jj
3
4 3
3
3
3
3__
3_.
0 :..
i
=:
::
-
=-- --
:.:: : • • ::: .:: .::..
3 0
3
.
3
3 3
3. .:;:: :.:
3
1
1 1
III Ij
... . I_
Subm.rg.nt Vasc. s its .:
--
:0
0
i
P ° 0 1 1

: .:.:.:.: •: :::: . ••:
.. ...:::.....:.

l :: ••• •. :(
C
C
I : . . C
C
C
Macro alga.
:•: ..
.
•:
• .•: • • ... . :. • • :. . . ....•. : • :: •.
L
•
— —
.... . 0 (
0
C
-
I
I
• :..: ::: : :::::. ...... .
0
diment
.
.
. ... . . . . . :.:.; :•..
I
C
0 (
C
C
. • • .: .
0
0
0
0
C
C
C
.
0
0
I ELEVATION
ubtidaI
••
. ...:I
.1
.—.
. .
::
— •: .

0
0
0
C
C
—
C
(
—
C
C
:
0
0
I Intertidal
.
.
:
mi...
...
.
. :...::... •
.: . :.. ..: .
—r—
0
3
0
0
—
0
2
—
0
0
.... .. .... . . :.
0. 3:
0.. 0 0 .
•
-0
••:
:
3
3
3:
3
3
.. ..
:..:
:,•
‘ian
0 .•:
I
3
3
.
‘3
•3
3
‘3
3
13
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 3 2
3 3 0
3
0
0
3
0
0 : .
I
I
ENERAL
.
. :• • :: : : .
•
. .
. . .. : . :
. . .:.
aIini
0
.1
.
:
..
••:
.: ...: •. .. :
•• . .
.
C
emperature
•. . .
.
...
...i
.
. ••: . : :.: :. : . •
.... .1..: ..::....
..
.
::
.:.::
..
.: . : : .•: :.:.. .•: .. . . .•. ..
: . .
.... ... ‘ .... ..
.. . ...
..
.
..o
0
ound
0 :•
• .•
.:
I——-
.-—
:0
3
3
.3
3
3
3 3
3
3 3 3
3
2
:4
4
0:Er: .
:4
4
4
4
4
4
.4
4
4 4 4
4 4
. . .ght
0 ::
.. .
.
3
3.........
2
3
3
3
3
3 3
3
3 3 3
3
3
.4
4
0 • O •
4
4
4
4
4
4 4
4 .
4 4 4
4 4
Wat.r udim•nt Ou
—-U---
..
.4
3
4
..... ... ..
•
0.::. :0::
•0
4
•:• .
•:
•..
...
:: •
: ::. : .
........ . .... .4 4 4 4
..
... .2
4 .4
ITurbidity
-____ : ::
::
:: :
: i .oJ ol 01 ol 31 0 L
2 2
_.___c 0 C 0 I Q 0
I I •I I
— — — — — — - 1 I I 14 I
oJ
c i
A14

-------
MATRIX I RESULTS MUOFLAT
SW ENS BOB DNC GBH CAG BFP4 COG 0th CSP4 WP$ UP SPS $80 G
FEEDING. .3 2 3 3 333 3
INVERTEBRATES 3 3 1 .: .::.. 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
8inthic 3 3
..•f•.
3.
3
3
3
2
3
4
3
•:•
Epibinthic
.——
::4 .
2
2
3
34
33
3
3
3
33233333
2
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
3
3
2 2
1
3... ;•
3
3
3
0
2
3
3 3
4
3
p.
Nsuslor ::..: :r:: ..:•.. : . :•: • :• ••: :::..: .. 3 :$.:: ::
. 0 .0 • • O .0 :. • •••. • • .
0: .
O.
O .
1 :3.1....: .1: .. •
3..
O .:.
0:
... .. •: .: : . : :..::.. :
.:: .:: ..:•.
• :::. .:: 3
3 :• • : . 3
VERTEBRATES .: . •
: : :.4...
:: :
. •. ?.:.....:. ::.: . • .
20100 0
0
O: :
:.::: : • • •
-
—
I 2 t.:.:.2.. ::
3.. . .
3••••
3: . ... 4
3_ .
•:•:. . .

. .
•:.
: . .•4. .
,*t.f Column . . ... :: • .
.::.. :
::. :.
::; • . ;:
.
- I 010:10 :
3;:....
2
3.
•
0: :
2
::
1 ‘1 1... ::::.2
3:..
3
3....
3.:.. :;..::
3.. -
3__
3__
T•rrutri& : : .‘ :... ‘ •: •.: : •. • . . .
*— 0 0 O..O. .t• . :.: :
. .--- 1 i• i ... ..: • • . I
.
. 0 . .
!LAr L •: :• • 3 3 . .. . . .. :. . •
Err*cg.ntVssc. 0 0 0 .0: . • •: • . . . . :..: .:• : •
I 1 i: :.:: $:. .. -..4 .. .. .::. ••3
0 1
•
.J I
:4
00 0
Su •ntVasc. •. .• :.. .:• ..:: •: : •• .3;.. 3 . ::•;:• . •• .: .: : : : : ‘ •• :•• : ..:..:.. :
0 0 o:.o. ..... .. •:• . .. .
1 .I.. ..:.:f.::2:.: 4 ...: :.:.::... . p ..
•..: • •. ..o • .W.. \ : •:• •
Macmali. ::: .:.::. ..:•. •:
3
3 •. . .3
f
0 0 :0 ..O j:
0
0.
0 : •
1 :, ••• . ; 2
3
4
4.
4 ..
3
.
:
Micto a! 9 .,! . . . •: : . . : : . —
0 0 0. . U * • ..... . . . .: . : :
—
: ____ 1 1 1.:: •: p:.. :.. :. • 4. 4 • : •• .
A-IS

-------
MAT ( I RESULTS: MUDFLAT
STF lENS IBGBIDNCIGBHICAGIBFH ICOGIDLN IcsN1Ps1LsPTsP 1ssojGRv]PHsrcc1
t1i i I2 IflI.:4tL..AI..:1t:.. ..:.: 1. .:41 . I:. .4I:. 4I 41..:::::4 1 :41
I . . .
. :•:: .: L::. l.:: .;. :1;: .
____________ PSS ______________
IENERAL . _____________
arrion
aveIIing 0 0 0 .:!Q.: :.
: :1 ii
S... :. -. :u .1
:j . 1:. :1
. 010101 111111 i’ll 1’ ii I
:1 .j..:: .1
*Iiriity •. .. 4.. :: . : •::•: . i•..: i ..:.i-•. :c’ .. .y .I
•t
I .YI • I I
I Ii I
I
1 2 .• : .:.:.. . : •. :.
t... ti
—
. 11 1 11 It.. t hU liii I I i tint 111 1 1 1 I t tills tilli tl I l Ilit htl hl hiti. hIIS huh hI I i.iiiht tl Ii .1_ill . IS
2:2... .1 . . : :.
t I U I
emperature
-
—
: . . .:: : : . .. : .
,.._...i ...i.i I. .• I i i i..i I i_—rh. ii . 11111 iflI h i hil .1 11.1.1 1 1 1 i_it I_IT..! I lihtilhi. thhItt 5 I i_huh I
121.2 2 3 . . .. . . . 3
2 2. ii .... .
ISound
•1 . I I I
12i2 42142t ii
. 1 1 I I •1 J 1 __L__.j___j._ 1 . I - I -1 l •1
-.--. —- 1I.t..”• n_u i .II.IflS.h..hti.if ii4TTi- .11 5.
I ight
‘
. ..:J . ]:1.I tJ
14 I
ir
13
it-
j . ...i. .:..:. .J. ... . j
T
131 13
13
-
r
ir
13 131 I
¶
¶
¶
ir
-L
¶ =
-L
-1-
: i
ir
w iir
wir irir

irir
irinii
rbith:
; ; : i E32:JI:
: r2224: :.I3
1 :: .
1
A-16

-------
MATRIX I RESLL1% MUCF .AT
Pss STF ENS BGB DNC 0811 CAG BFH
COG DIN CSN
LSP SPS $80 GRY PHS
RCC
UGE/PHVSJOLOGY:.. . . :..: 3
HYS.COMPLEXI J 3 •1 I I •1 3 3
I 3
3
3
3 3 i
.!•
caIr.ftsf
1 1 .
•.z...:; 3 3 3
3
3
3
3 3 3
3
.
13
13134
--
3
-
-
3
3
--
--
--
--
-
3 3
--

1
1
1
1
4 4 4
4
4
4 4 4
4
. 4. : . ::. ...:::.:::.
2 1 i I
I
:


wmov•msnt ..:::..: . .
I I 3
I I
•F.aturn .
. :
1 1 t I 1 t I
I
I
2_
3
0
O
-—.
3
3 2
2 2 2 2
3
3
3_
3
3
4
4
4
4 3
. . . .. . .:. •. • :: •: 3
OLOGICAL COMP1 aTY:
- Vuc.PI•O 0 O•. • : •:: :.: : .: : ::• ::. . : • • :. :
‘I I : • . • :......::..:::. .:: : ::. •. •:.•:•• ..;:..:;: ; ...::.. : :.f: •:::: :....:.:.:. ...:.
!9! !!E• . . . : • . . . . . . .•: • :: : •.•
.2_s
031 •3 ••. . 3 ... :
!._
1 1 • .. 2 • . . . . . .. : : •. •
0
0.0:0:0 0 D•O 00 0 •O.O... :: DO ri
oMga.
.
i y
: L3
!L
J_
:
i”..
.... : •••• •. . . . ..; ..
J31313 3:. .1. 1 t: .•.... .
. ... : : •••
L 0.... . .......... .
. :: •. .•• •. • : • . .:: •:: .: .. :: • • •;.: :.•:..‘ • ••
• 2: : . .. .:• • • ...:•:. : :.: :f... •
2.2 ••.... . .. . : . •• . .
.. . :•. • •
.. . .. .. . : :• • : • .••
..
.-.__
U
—
1• .2. 2 3 • :L ..••. •c: . • 3:. •.
1?.•.i .. .
. . .. . . . 4
Sow
—
. ..
I_
! _____
.
! ?1 4 .4. .: ...: 3 3 3
.1 4 4
::::::
I ... .4 .4.. : ••1 3 3 3
:.: : ::j. 3 4 4
... . ... . ;:•.
3
4
:
3
4
3
4
:::
3
4
3
2
3
3
3
4
::::
3
4
3
4
-
3
4
3
4
--
3
4
3
3
--
3
313
4
-
3: •
4...:. 4
.4.
/Sidimsnt
• • ::•:.. : . •: . . . . •
. . .. ...... . . •: . •. . . . : ::: : . ..
I
:2 2 4 4 :
2 2
2 . . . .•.: 3
-———.
I
1.1: I* . 4 3
3
3 4 . . :..
•
4
.. ... .
. .•: •• 4
T
2
.
2 .4 :4.
. . . ; ::. 4
3• • . : ‘ :
3
.
... .1
. .::. ...::. . .
0
•:• .:
:oo O...:: 0 0 :O..:Q Q •..o...0 4
A.17

-------
MAT I RESUL MUDFLAT
3 ::f :I1..1:J j I I
STF ENS BGB DNC
GBH CAG BFH COGDLN CSN WPS LSP SPS SBD GRY PHS RCC
REPRODUCTION
III. . It • •1I I.IIuIl( tutu irjitu
( S : t 4: etatIO?O 0 : ° ‘ i
Emergent Vuc. P *nt* . . ::.
—
:
•
:
It
° ..: • • •
• :: : .: ::.‘. :: .:O...:r. .-: . •
:.
0 0 0 0 I
N I Pill Ittlilt I hilT . III . . .1.11..
I 1 1 4
.lIII...IIl I.utI..I.( itt.tii_u .iiuiti -i- • ..
0
Subm.rgent Vuc Pisnis , “ -
— oilo I
I 4 t I F
‘. + , .*
Macro alga. : ‘. 0
0,0
I 1_
C
Sdiment
. .. ..
.—
. . : : •• .•:•.. •.•::: .:. :;:: :.: :.:: .:: .• ••• ... . .
I 1 3
1
a
1
0
0
ELEVATION
I
-
o
Subtidal
j1
ii—
0
•
2
fntertidal
-
— ..
[ .
0 : ‘ ::: ‘ •.:: . .::.::::: :0 .; . • . •
L 0 0 31
tm , it 2
• H
00
4 4 • : . • . •. 4 4 .. 0

Rioarian
•
: . • : .. :.
•.• : . •
0 •
•
, II•
•
II
•. .
••
• : .
II I U I-
ptlo 0 0
tnn1 I
—

1_3
0
3
0
3 1 0
3ENERAL
::
-
-
U
)aIinIty
I
2 3 3 4
: :::
remp.ratur.
— — -
0
H-tl,IH
I 2 3
—
— t-r-I .1JII —
3j 4
(

I
- .______
till. . II
2
—
..L.flI —
2j ; 2
. . . . . .
. .. ... . .... .
Sound
: 4 0
I 4 4 10
0
rm
4
0
0 3
1 ght
—
4 0
I lii IPH —
- 4 1,
111 t I
0
0
0 3
I Wat.r/sethmnt Ou*I
4 4 .4 4
II. ..-.: I...•lfIIt I..L.I•I•I• IlultIll IIIiII,
2 2
..1.ll . II .1 II IIIII..U 111111111 l!I!IU
4 4 4 4
. . .. . .... . . . . . . ., . .
. .. . .
ITurbidit s
..
.
• •: •
. . . . •:.:•::: .. . .. f.;. .
: : • :.
•
•
.: .. •
. . , , .

. I unit
4 4 4 4 3
1
•
•

0
4
I I • .1 I . •.I
A-18

-------
MATI X I RESULTS SANOFLAT
PSS IPSO ISSO 1SOS IGBHIHGBICOC3IDLN ICSN ILSP ISPS IG ( IDNCI
.: : ‘
3
J_3
3
3
1
W1V TEBRATES
22233323 ::
13
3
3
p1
BsnIc 3
3
3
3 3
2
3
33_
0 ::
Est hIC
:::::__
I
3
3
3
13
I : ;:
2
2
2
3
22
2
3 :
3
3
3
2_
P I :. .:: :.. ,. \. ;: . •. •• :.: : :•. :: -
lit ..i .9
3_
NSU n .. . .. .: ;/:: : .
0 010 1 01:. :.
2 :
: :: -
- - -
:
0
.9
3::
•0_ O_
03
VERTEBRATES
.
:
•: •:•‘•
Dsn rsaI
2 0 0 0
1 I ——
3
. .r:...
.::.
3
(0
33
Waist Column
.
1 1 0 1 Q 1 01
‘ i 3
3
•.•
1
3...
::

••
2
j
—
.
-
T•rrs sVi al
: :•••. ..• :.. . . .. .: .. : .: .
o .o 0 :
I 1 t
P1.M4TS
4:44 44 4
Emsig.ntVuc.
0 a o :o• .
SutllflSrglflt VUC..
. . ... :.. .: : • : . . . : ::..
0 0 0. : • .:.:. .. : • :: •• :•
M O$ 19U
.. :.• •: ..:. : . ; . : ::
•Q 0 0 0 .::fl:.... :: .. .. .::: .
:. 2
Miao algai
.. :: .
o 0 0 .• .. ... . ::
A-19

-------
MAT ( I SULTS: SANDFLAT
IENERAL
i.
I
PSS
PSO SSD ISDS IGBH
HGB COG DLN
cSN ILSP ISPS IGRY IDNC
tritus

I
S.
::Ø.
:0 .*. .. 0
filM t..flltS 1111.1.11 :
;.:

•: .:
MW
4
.:
H
•:•:• :::‘ •:.:
I II . 1 1 1.4 14. 1 t .l.I 1 1. 11$ I
1 1M
( I
W
MMI
I
I I
I II
I
.
,rav . 1 1 1n9
I
-
—
0
...
•. .. ...
II •I•l•
0. : .. 0..;:: ..
.1. l. . .ll . iI ii ..
I I 1
11 1: 1: 1 .11.1! 1111111.. I i
-
• .
.
.
ss
..
• . .:. : ..
•.“.I til lIIlI U
... S .
1111111 Th IU I.I 111111111 111111111 1
Till..! I II I. lIitliI.l lil.I.I I . I
arrion

ii
.
:
. . : : : .:. ....
•
i It
OC
C
. .:: : .
:
2_
T
•‘I
j
3232.2
— II. II.
:
11111
0
0
—
—

C
—
—
(
C
—
I Ill
. ..:: j 3
1.1111 1111 1 1 iTT
.
•J•* II I ! ! 1111 —
i emperatur.
—
2
j
________
—
12
2 .2 2 C
(
.r... . 1 TITI..1.I
: ...
— — —
3 3
.iIiii•fj•’ IIIII.I IIJII.UI... . uu.i I
A-20

-------
MATRIX I SLLTS: SN 1oFLAT
I ss Ipso
SSD
SDS
GBH
HGB
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A-21

-------
MATRX I SULTS: SANDFLAT
I “ ‘BSTMTE
i’.’:’:’...:..’ji’..”
(
Is:I:.:.,.rTrIi:su._.:
rian
GENERAL
Salinity
Tempraturs
I . I•1
Macro * QIi
S.diment
ELEVATION
Subti al
Intertidal
Sound
Light
Water/sedimnt
•2
3
0
:0 . . . S
.2
2
4.
4
! !Y
4.
1
0
I
3
2
•0
.0
I
3
.4
4.
.4
:*. *.:;.
pss PSD SSD SOS GBH HGB COG DLN CSN l p I$p$ Ia y I NC
REPROOLJC 1’1ON I: :::.:
I.... I .1 I.. .. 4 II-,-III•I•I•I• ii•i•i• LI III II 1 1 1t H
4-
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A-fl

-------
MATRIX I RESULTS: GRAVEL OS&f
FEEDINa
T
--
ö
——
—
5 i
— --
GRS WSG PlC PLP SIP RVL RAC D C MW WG HGB BFH

UP
3
SPS
3
- -
RCC
-
INVERTEBRATES
Bsnd sc
L
L
- -
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.?
- -
J.9

3_
L.
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L . .P
_
02 a 32
2 2_
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3
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23
33
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2
2
-
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3
3
:1
23
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:
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It
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0
4
4
A-23

-------
MATRIX I RESULTS: OPAVEL COBBLE
1ERAL
c s
Q
DYT
SFS
CPR
PDS
BFS GRS
WSG
FTC PIP SW R RAC
?
DCC MW WGB HGB BFH tSP
4 —
SPS
—
RCC
ritus
,
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!

., O ..
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:
:O

:

0 C 0

:

— I

I
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v IIrng
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—
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to
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t
I
3
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--
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:
:
:
:
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.
33
1
33
24
33
14
2
2
33
2
2
2
2
1
3
•
3
1
2 •.1: ... . .
:. •
I
C
1
C
2
uemperaturs
—
23
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23
J 4
23
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—
2
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32
-
.
2
—
—
2
—
—
2
2
I
. . :
22
1
•. .: :. : 0 : •
12 • . C C
• . CC
C
C
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3
4
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-
-
43
2
43
24
43
4
4
1
.
4
4
4
—
4
..
4
1
4 4
.1
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: •
3 j
3 3 313
4 4 4
- I
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4 4 4
3
4
1
I-tnht
434343
I 24 4
4
1
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.
4
.
4
4
4
I
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3
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3
3 3 3
4 4 4
3
4
:• .
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.
i ‘r/S.di
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m.nt c a
4:.

42
23
42
3
4
1
34
4
4
4
4
2
.
4 4
. :
434
3
3
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4 3 3
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3 3,4
3
4
.
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idit
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43
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43
3
4
34
4
4.
.
4
4
. . ... .:
4 4 :4) ..4•

,
3 3 3 3
0 0 0
.. . .
3 3.:I::Y::
0 0.0
. . .
.2 3
0

-------
L(&T X I RESLLT GRAVEL 000SLE
3
3 tI j** I 3_J_
: 2 ‘ --
\
—

3 .
--
J
.?
——
1
--
3
PHYICOMPLE Ut I
21
2
13
i.IIsf i_
:
--
m _! r .!_ ::: — ::
434343it4 131 132 % 4 131
- 2 7
V movsmint 0
3 ;:.::: •
- - . . .
0 0
BU n.trIc F tu
OLOGIC*L COMPtEaTY . •: . . : •
Vuc. O 00.030 .:;.
I I ‘I I t ,
Vssc PIsgi
a 2 a 2 3 1111t12 t 3 II 2 4 I I I I
2 2 1 1 :
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—

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213
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4
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::.::....:..........:: . ...:;..:..:..:::4
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4
34
34
34. .4 ..•4 4 4 4 4 4. 4: 4 :
3 i3 3 3 3
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3
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1
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4: . .. ... ...:: :. •
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w _ m.nt
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3 . .:.
2
2
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3
3
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3
31
3
3
3
3
4
4
T
. . .. ... .... ..O
— -
.—
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3
3
3
3
3
3 3
1
14 41
. .... .•:
o
o
o
o
o
o
A-25

-------
. MATRIX I I€SULTS: GRAVEL COB8LE
ICHS ICTT IDvT ISFS Icpp IPDS IBFS IGRS IWSGIPTC IPLP 18W IRVL IRRC IDccIMw I R1H BI ILSP ISPS IRCC
I i ••
— Jk’’• - I 1111 -: :•1 . _ I •- r• 1$ .
. .. 0 0
:. 1 .‘:‘ : 1 .: ol a
...
:• :
•• : •• :..; ••:•• • • •• •: •: ••• :•-. : : : .: :• ::... •.. ::: . 0:. .
0 0 3 0 4 4 4 4 a
I I 3
. :.: 0 . .
•
•.
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.:.::.:
••• .•• •
•
:..•.• •
:• .
:
•
a
•
. •
:. •
Sdimsnl
: :
0
I
ELEVATION
: •
ubtidaI
O:•
A
3
3
3
3
.:::
• .:
f::
•.. :
.0
E
:1
1 1•• I • .
:..
::..
Intertidal
..:. .
••• • .: •• .. • .:.. • : • • • •: : : .: •••••.•• .: •.... : • .: :. :: :. .. f • .: :
.o.::::o 3 . :
I I 3
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0. •D. .o:::: . ....o .:.o:::: o
I t I
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:: :.:. . f:: : •.:..: .: :•: ..:: .: :: :. 0:.
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. •..:: .:::
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a a a 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2
•I I 2 “ >
.
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< •
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I IIYtIVI4 I I UI I UI :UI UI 01 01
! !!I:.hljhl!Juhhl .I.!!I.II! ..l. • •. • • •. •I ..••••.• It 1.11.1.1 II •••..•;•I.•. •l . :.9:!!.; •!::::! ‘ :: ;•‘; .:hI?I:. U:_Il •II • .:I•!::;.! .!. • lIIIl .i •tII.IISt •tt:I.•I:s 11.1111 . Iitt...ltIiiIijisi
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I I I •t
REPRODUCTION
St t STRATE
I
I:
Ern.rg.nt Vasc. Ptsr i1:;,..; 1., • 1 E1 .. :: I . tt.I...IT.I l.I1I ‘“:‘!!.I’ ’
vbm.rg.ntVssc.P sn*$ Uu1I..i.... : 1: :
I
Jo
— 1 :1 q.. 1 .• 1 .• : : : . !.‘L: &I . . : L•i:: ..•:. ... . I. . : 1 i
I: ; 1rI .ii i:i : i I . •••• •• :I :1: .11 .II ____j i
IAacrosIgas I :F. •I .1. :1 • •1 :1 :1 :1
I•0• .10 .10 14:11 •Ii .::j4 :.I1 •:.. 3
I.1...1 .:1•:0Ii: 0I1 ..I..• I :j ;i
I01Ol.DI0I 0101
Turbidity
I : :t I....:::1 : ::I :1.:. 1 . .. . ..I.: . : :• • .
A-26

-------
MAffiX I RESULTS EELG 88
E KPP SSP SHP SPB TBS a c c o
ppo DNC BFH c at. G8H CSN SPS LSP GRY .s! P1-IS
FED
VERTEBMTES jo
202 Z I
12 3
I
0
3
3
Intt ic i:
:
i
_ ?_
3
—
3
3
_.!_
3
E nthic
:
:. ...
33
—
33
-
33
—
3 3
33
33
32 3
- -
3
....
3: :::
3_
3
.
O.:
2
2 :•.
—
2 2
1
1
_:2
4
4
3 4
3 4 4
Pe c . .;:::: .
.
.
—
•: •.•
!- --
‘ . ....
.
.
:.. 2
1:1 . : i.; t: 1_
o.?.
..!
3
_
.
. • : ::: . f.
Nsuston ... ... ::
•1 : .1 1i.t::1 1
0 1
—
VERTEBRATES
t 2 2 2 3
3
T 2
.‘.
4
. .
;..::: : . • : .:
3 : • .::. . :; :.:
• • :
: .
2
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0 ø.: 0:
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2. • •: ::.
.

:•.
••..
0
0 0
i:
i i I I ?
I 2
3
3
3
‘3
33
Witer Column
jj
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000 0 .a.4•G..••.o.::..O:... :
I I ‘I •1 2 ‘1
:.:Ø:
1 2
3:2:
2
3
3
3
0
0
3
0
3
2 1
0
3
113
3 3
T crsstria I
.
. : .:: • .: ..:.• :: •. •:•: .• .• .:. .
•• ... . •.. :•.. .: . :• : . : .•.. . :: . : :;: • • • :
: •; ••••
—-
.-____
oc
otoitI;oto..o.o.
•
.0 • . :::. •.
1
1. •1 • 1: :1 t • I ..:: •
f • •1 : •
• • 3
• • : • : 2
C
—
. ..
•
. : .

:0.0
0
PLANTS
. :. • • •
...
. . .. .4 . : •
Ern!f9•ntV$sc :_
-
2J
1
01010100 ...o. 0
; i 1..:..
0 •..1 •3. ..3.. 0 . •O 0 0
i. ..1 •..3 .:;.. :.. 3 ..
4.4
.... : •
..
.... . 0 D..•0 • :.o •:
I— Subm.r 9 intVuc
I______
.
L!
L_
. . . • . . . . : . • : :
2
3 r . : . . .
01010*0 0 0 0

0
:i:f:..
1
3
4
3 C
......... .. 4 4
MscroaIqs..
E •. . • ••: ..:.. ••• ::.. ::: ..f
9 0101O 0 a o t
3 2 2 2 1 •. .
• : :
t j_
2 3
: g
.3 0
3 1 3
• .
0
3
0 C
3 4 4
P cro& as
0 0 f 0 4 0 *
2 2 2 2 ‘
‘.
1 t
t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
00
3
A-27

-------
MATRIX I RESULTS: EELGRASS
I
CMS KPP $$P Slip SP8 TBS 6PF CRG PPG DNC 8R4 CAG BLB
GBH
G CSN SPS L.SP GRY OSP PHS
,ENERAL
.
I IlI •I II I •I
2 —I_______________________
in — I in ft p I u
3 0
.JIIII i.I,I ,,I • lilliStli &IIIIIItJ .I.llI._ .., .JII IIII..lut
S :—_: [ “ .4 4
: • : .•. •• •... . .. : • • • . • . . .•. . . . .
)stritus

“
ravsIIing
I
000 4 0 0 0 i I
•,_.I.._II•,• ..t.._ .11 lI.uI• .II.._IIS • It tI.uI.uIft IL_Il
3 J .2 , I (U
. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .
t
I-I- k I II I I I • t I It C SIC S II I) C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IIlflI I CIII.LCC LI.,. .C C.CI CL_I I• C.I S.IIC .1111111 ICII.CCI I II
1 •1 I I t •1 •1
ILC..I C_LI_IC .,_•I•._•.•._ _ CCII.. 1.1111.1 11.11111 IICITIIC
—
I SC CII I C II — 1 C III C I
t 1
Si CCI•CCCS I_ChIlI ISIiCII 11111111 1 11_I_IC uIuI.CCtC liii. ,, lIlt CIICCII I
3
, . huSh .11CC CCIII CI.IICTC 11 1 1_IL. I__C... ...I.t_Ift I_C__Il ICII.IIC•I I
arrion
I II C C C I C I-Ht1 I I II 1IC
2
—
I—
C II
lI*I q a 0 °I)C 0 S
4 11 •$ ‘ •1 II 2
.t.....;. .II.C • I-Srn I._; ! 1 1.1111 II .:.;:.M .•
\
I III I ICIUCCC• I •ICCI I C. CI I I I I
C I I 1 I — C I C I I
4 4
.. .!1.C. . ‘I • 111111..) .:.IIII!I Il__SCIII . IlL.. I 11111
;s
—
ahnity
L
I
033 3!3333232323232
3 . :
T t
. : • •.: • : . : . .
I..•:CI.....IS..I.:.IIiII..C:...:I
—
1
1
1
1 1
.
—
11111111
:...
11.11.11 111.1.1 CI I - . . 11.1.111. I I I. .1 . 1 Itt . .
: . : . . : .• .. :(• • .
—
—
—
CICCHP
.. 0 3
— 1111111 ILII_III 1 11 1 1Cc 1 1_ICC ICIIIC 1 11 1 11 .1) 11 . .4.
. ..f .. ..:
I emperature
I —
I
—— — .
C
3 2 , 2A ..I . . ..,II.2 .t:.. 2 2
r
... .2
n
... Il .I1 .I .1 .
-
1 1 1 1
—
.- .
POund
.
: ____________________________
3 , .4 .44,42:: 2 22.2
3
3
—_=
3
I
.! . 2
0
‘
3
1•
3
I
13
:
3 3
—
3
I I I 4
43
3 4
3
kj 9 ht
:
:
:
:
::
::
::
::
::
C CCCI CU I
:
—
I
4
-
-
344.4 .4.422 22
2 1 1 T’ ‘ I C
I CIII
3
::
3 3
:::
3..
:
0
31
- 1--
T
3
31
-iI—
IT
313
- i—ii
TC
“erfSthment Quality . . . .
— — —— . .. . I .... I..C 1 1—.-.,.! 1.1 . —
.—. 4244.444 .. .4 44 .
... . 1 2 2:2.2.:. 14;!. ‘ :
—
2
:
— — —
3 3
i i
—
.2
: :
I I ..
. ..; ... I . . ..
2 .2
‘ H’:
.i
3 213
L-
rbudity
: r 4
— —
—
—
— —
3
I . .—-
f HI .C . 4’ 444 4 3 3
! :2 2 .II;: ..,.i.I .:.v.I, II . !
3 3
J !?_
3 :2 31
.. .1.44. °
3 3
°
A-28

-------
MATRDC I RESU1.T& EELGRA$8
CMS KPP SSP SHP SPB TBS
FUOE/PHYS1OLOGY: x.. ...::. ::. :: :...:
CAB PPG DNC BFH

11.8
GIll
CSN
S
P
S
UP
G
RY
OS
P PHS
HYSGOMPL.ExJ3 333333.:2. 3
232
?2? :;. :•••
2
1
1
o
stb mIiif
I
2
2
1 ;•::.
3
3 3
3
0
3
2
3
2
3
1 1
333
Ataisd9•$
.:.• • . •. :
43*141414 4
3
j
43 %
3
3
. .....
3
0
3
3
0
3
0
3
2 ,$
2
4 4
1
mov.m.nt .. . . :..,.:.:, •...... ... . : . •. • • . .. .: :... : : :. •:• :•
—- 4 4 4 4 4 4 322
t I I I 4
3
Fe :. : . •: :
: .2.... ...•f2:::.# 2.:4 .2..:.. 2_I
I I ‘t •3 I 2
344433
: :. .. .:: •. :
I
4
4
:_
1
2• .••
3_
I
3 ••;
3
3
0
0
4
0
0:. ;*
3_ _
4
LOG CAL COMPL OTh : • •• : • . . . . . .. . . . :•• ‘ :.• • • : • •• : 4
. Vuc.PIO •.•0 0 :030 030 0 0 • :. : : . :: •.•.: .:::::i . . • :::.1
— t j......: .:.I:.:4 : : 4
0 :00.0 •O O•..O
.V•flt V$$C. Plants ! .
:
: •• .•
.
.•• .
- -

c u
. i.1
±
. •
232i3 4j333 33l3
::: :±±

33
: :
: :
3 3 3
i :
. . . .
3::f.:: 3
° .:..: ‘° 0•
... :
:
-
-
2
3333
23
23
23
2333
31
3
3
3.:. .
.
3 . ::. •• •
2..2__
3__
—
j_
j__
2
f
.
0 . ::
0 : •
2
o
— -
In -—
- . -.-—
- - -
I’332323232 32 2 jj
1 1 1 -
- - - - - — - 3
3
2 1
. .
•
::: >
C
.
•
-_______
134 4 4 4 4 2 :2 .2
.
: .:. .
. •
2 • :: : . •• :. .. ::
-.-
1 1 1 1 1 •....
I
: :......:.‘ :4. •
. .
-
-
434 4 3
24 322 :2.2 2
3
0
I
-
2 I 1
1 : • . 4
4_
L
j :
3 4
01 3
2_ 1 i__
3
4_J
3 i_
4 . • =
2
3
% N :
i • .
•-
--
-
-
-
-
—
4J34 4 4 4 4 2 2 22 3
3
0
—
———-___ —
1 1 1 •t. I . ::
—

- —

2:::.:?:
3.••4
3
3
4__
3
4_
3 3
4 4
3
3
;:..:? .;:... : : : : . ..- .... .:..: :
434 4 4 4 42222 22
a 2 2
‘
—
.3
3
3
:
:
4
2 2
4
3__
-
1_
4
4
4
4
1
— -
. :: ..:. .:.
34 4 4 4 4 2 222
3
-- -

--

:
2 2 3
3
A-29

-------
. MAT X I SULTt EELGRASS
I ICMSIKPP Isw SFIPISPB I—as I F IcRt IPPnInNnlBFLa IcAGIB1 s IGBHIGW CSNlSPS lisP jGRY OSPJPHS
I PRoouaIoN [ 11 Ifl hII1 1 JJ 1JIi1I T
S BSTRATE
:, clan Wgstatio
En.rg.nt Vast.
p aMa • . . • : : : :. •:
0 .0 T
. . : • • • ‘ • “ “-‘- • ‘ - I • !“ !‘
1
Subrnrgnt Vast.
Rants • • . . :+ ; . . • .. I : . >:...:...
n . U . -Vji . ‘ I _ i _ .Y _ .iii i i i . ? .
4 : 4 :: .4. .:4 .:O .i I . * . . if
U — \1 ii L ! I i
:j . [ .:. .I : . . :i .iI it :f ff (i > $V. [ . : X J:. .I: : : 4 I: I I 1 I:t !
I • • p I:I I: I;:: i. . : : I :I:. ::. :.!I , ; I :
A-3 0
L P V
Macro algae • . : • : • • : : •. . ‘ . . >:.:. •.
: : . : . : : ; :. . :: • :::.. : . . : : : • • • : • : ; :.. * • : • • •
.O :*O 4 •.3
— —
4.3_J__3 tf....:::
:S : : . : • • : . : ;. $ ‘. • •
I 3 1
Sediment
—
— —
—
4 0 0 _1__ 0
—
- ‘i:
1 1
000
ELEVATION
.. . : . : •
; :. . : : • . • • • . • ) • • . : •.
Subtida l 0
—E
4 4 4 4 4 4
3 •2
_2__. 0 0

Intertida l
. . .
. .: • . 7 : :. : : ;:: : :.. . • . . • : : : : . : : : .. .. : : : . :c:y. : :.Y. .. . :: .: . • . . • : • . . . . .
:
o 0 •
I 2 : 1 C
0 O O C 0 0 0 0
I I I 30
... f l. : ::....:. . •.::. •: • ... . • :. ‘ :0
-
I - nan

O s
1 ,
GENERAL
* 2. :. S . .. . .... . : : . . . : . . : • “ : .
Sa linity 0
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
I . - -
- — - - - -
-
I 0
Tsmperaturs
—
. . . .. .. . .. . •: •. • . : ç . : : . .. . . . : : . : :t
: : : t : :. :: ):.:C:: > * . . : S : : : •. : : .. ; . : .
Os
I
4 4 4 ‘4 4 4 4 4
3
k ’ C
Sound ! ‘
I — . - 0 4
: :H: ..:::.. . . ... ..,. . . • .. : :.. . : : • ; . : . . : . .. ..t .. :. : : : : : : : ; ::xx . : C : : : ; > : : ..f : Y . : . 3 . .Z : . . •: . •: • . •
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0
D C
.ight
. . .... : . . : . . . . .. : .: : : •:
:4 • : 4 Y 4 4 .4 ... 4 ... . . : :. . .: :T . ... . . .
0 0 0
I :0.
I Water/s idim int O$s
fi*
4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3
30 0 C
:_i-_ 1 i —
ITurbidity
1 0 .

-------
MATRIX I RESULTS DEEP SUBTJDAL
LSS RSC PAC PlC WEP NOS
MWF RTF SIP HYS DVS
OS ONC
FEEDING: I I : ::
INVERTEBRATES 3 21_ L t 3
Bsnth,c 3 2 < :
Eplbsnthic Ff11 !s :
Pelagic

:
3
:
__
::‘. ;.: I 1
,, ‘, , , 2 2
‘. “ “ “ = :! :
3
— — I•i.I :I1IlII It I • Li i uI Ii a
Paula I 11111 1ij i
, ,, ,,. , t a. a sita it
- . - .
..... . ..
1)11 II it
— a
1-I
q ,, 3 0
0
I I a a hi • ,
—
--
.

Nsuston .. .. . :: :::.: .:.:, . ...: . . .
•II....ILI .TuttII. .IIl•I•II.Itl .ltIItTII flit.. I.
— 0 0 G 0 0 0
0
ItIltIl IllitiTtu lI..1511t1 ItIU_tl.iI
0 0
. ::1... .
1
:::2.::.::3 S..:..
Ill
t
—
—
G 0
VERTEBRATES . ..f:: ::
DsmersaI It.:1
: • .
..i:..
o
0
i
••::: .: .:: ::.. :•: : :

2
•••I• •• ; 2
..
. . 3
Water Column :::.:
•o• 0: : o
.. . : :
ó 0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
. . .. . . ... ... 3 : 3
2
1 :1 • • 1 • :2
:
.. . . . . :
Terrestiiaj •: . •• . :•: . •:•: :::. ••• :
wo IItI
. . ::: . : •:• : : . • •
o o.o :0 no
t I
I •t I I I
.._I.luI. :: IIt.T•tI•ut.. l!1:I
1.11 . . IlII.!. lI IIII .1— -
...l: . ._I.. !:t-1:1:tII-tlt.t II.uI.IIIII.II I1tIIt I V
PLANTS .:••. ..::•:•:• : . •::•: :
._.;...: ..:_•.. ..• • . ... : •
I •It I t
EmergentVaac 0 400 oc
—
on
U ;it I t
o o 0 0
I 2
— I•s
—
Submergent Vasc. .;; ..,. . ., . . .
— ..p . o: 0 0 0 0 C
:
.
,iI..ii,r,, . ,,. . . ., ,., !
0 0 0

1 2
Macro algae :: ::: ...: : ::.. : : ::. .:
r.tt....t i.j.,iu,i IIIt.II1I! iii in in air—ti— ..
o 0 0 0 0 OC
till_ Il i ii ..IrI.Ir .1 11 11._ill.
2::::. - 2 :-.
..•.:: ::.
.. i i.. . i—r i ir, .r.i:rtrrir ii . . . r . .1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
i_..i,-_ — i .i.i.i.s..i.iii.r i_i•.•i_.•.ii.ii i_ii•._Iii .Lui, ..i.rI..I.i , ,._ —
. . .. :.•; : . . .
Micro algae .- :. ..
:- .--::: --- . -: •. .. -:- -
I I -i_ - I-s. -.—_-
— 0 0 0 0 0 0 OC
:::2:. . -2•-- ... •:•.. .-
Ii It
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
•-- •-- .• :- :: .-- - :-.-.-:•.. :• . . .. -.
A-31

-------
MATR$X I RESULTS DEEP SUBTIDAL
I I •
I 1
..
E•
WEP NOS MWF RrF SIP HYS DVS cos c
ERAL
. : . . • • :...2 3
— — .—... —... I ic
L L Li I L I ‘ ‘ I
. — ,. . . . :,‘ .‘: ?,• .:: ‘ • . •I•. .I ,y•i•
— •••• ..:;:::: :. •::; : :: ••.•::: ::X . • : .
—. —.. • 1 I -1 l II I ti IkI-l1 SI III • •
0 0 0 0 0 O 000000
..,—i..... : : . .::1t. .1 • .I.I1:II.II III 111111! . I.Itt.I.!.1.u.. 1!:h1:? ;!. IiI,I. !ISI I .! .I .I. I .tI:I .
— ,— I fl ñ I II II (t,i i i W i i i sun
;r
— *s WI, ff1 t’I ri-i i . i . si u I S i II II S II
O:.i.0.: 0: •O : •
:: — T :i .! ‘ S I ?; : ‘
d&i$
, ‘ S •
ivsfling
Ion
—
— .
n4y
I 1
3231 3 23 22 3 23 23 2t
iplrsturs
—
—
—
I ..• 111111!
1111111 tI.U 1 1.5 11.1.. III:IL.•I
IIM.15l 1
1
4 2
2 2
4
•2 4 •2
4 2 4 : :42 4 2 4 ““4. .4 .4 2
I
2
.
*
II II I II 11 11 151.. I II II II I.. 1.11.111 lIHhSIlIS
J
SOufld
... • .... ..: . . . ‘.:. .
42 42 4 2 2 2 2 22 , ¶
ri 1..t . I I. u i . , ?. u i’ ,Aif .. i_.iri , us
— I I. i .rI- II.III.IIuI iUiiiii . i l l I l l I l l i ns — i .uiIi. •i I— flU” 5 51.1
4242422 2 222 42424 42
2 22
—
—
Light
—
222
r/Sedim.nt =
2
: = =
32323232.2.2
1
32324242322
2
2
.. :... :.. :.; :‘
L2
::
22 32i 2 2 2J2 2 323212i31;iJ1H
A-32

-------
MATRIX I RESULTS DEEP SUST1O IL
IL$S I SC JPAc PlC WEP lN0 I I TF SIP I S ID ’S IcOS b .c
I I J- I I
PHV çoMPLE a1
V*r*ic rslêsf
w mov.m.m
Bathymitric Ffatu ,
- i-iJ
I.: .:; I.P , I 0 . I 4
I Ii
1.1. t.III _ .l. .- I- _ -.- _ - _ I _
2
- 1” . .... .. •I!.l Q 11 ; . 0:.; Q::L ;:. •. I
I 2 2 *. I I
1—l-.- —n I • III II II H • SI II I IA II
I • •••• . ..:# • •: : .: .. • :..::. • : •
BIOLOGCALCOMPLEUTh ; . : > ? :.v. ...;:.
I I S I S II ‘ S 115 I I SS II I I I 111111 II jj iiii
! !pgsl1tva1c.pt O•• •0 . .I..Tr . ... . .II!I
I I 1 t ..• :... • ..:. .••: •
.— IIIIIY. 1FE i.
Submsig.ntVuc.piants . . :
• • •.....
.
.1 • I. . IIJI... I I I I I I . 11111 ..1.I.irI. thU. IIITIIIIITIIT 1101111 111.1111
0 1:0 •O...O.0 00
1 1.1.. .‘IJII.l Ililti . 1 1. 1 I .j.III.t.I II SIl I.It IIII. II. .IIPtlII.i 1111111 1 liii IT I. 5IIuIII II.IIIIIII 1 1 15. 111
I 2 1 3
— U I I I I I I I 15151 I Ill I I till II I I I I I II
IiacrO !_____....._._
——
———
— .
. . :.: .—_: .:: .
::.;:::.
:.:‘‘ ;: .fc :: :
11111. 11

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 q 11 O 0 I! 23
It 2 1 1
1— • I TII... ILI.,. I . . . . I5 lIrlIl.. 151111.1 .1111 .1 Ill. III..II 11.1111,11. 1111111.
GENERAL
Sain uty
2 3
:
:__
E : =
:
3f 2
:
:
$
Tfl Ii&tJrS
I
4 2 l 4 4 4 2
Sound
— .—
; .:.:...... ... . .. . : .. ... .
l1T1. ... II ..L.I•II i. ....• .I IIttIII .1111,1, 111.111.1. 11. 1111 1... .I•IIIII.1. .1.11111111 1111111 I II 1T1 1tIIIII IIITI lI. . ‘iII1I..
2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 44
-t II I rt
l ! t*
:::.


:
.
. .
:,.

•.•..I)




I I I. . 1.1 1IItTI. tIl1 Ill. Ii. ..
2.2 :4:4: 4 222•4
tTITti.tIT .ItI.!! 1111 .IIl.I..I. ...II t. .II. 1.1 TI . . 1 1.1.. .1.1.11 . ITIt1ITI !III!IIIII .I IT( l TIT I ITIIT I.I..t .!.‘. . :T;.!_I_1...
Waist/SsCèmnt ° : -
.:2 :3 31
I
IL
- I I lI• IUI -
3 2.2:3
:

. -

IL
3 2:
+
-
2
±
2
Turbi n 5 jj —
—-______ 2 2 3 f
::.:: .
— - tI .1 .,. —
3 2 2 3_
‘‘
—

.: ;::, r :::: ‘1’
2 2 2
:. ..• T
I
A-33

-------
MATRIX I RESULTS: DEEP SUBT1DAL.
.1
L _1. I
I I 1 1 1
II
LSS
REPRODUCTION
RSC
PAC
PlC
WEP NOS
MWF
RTF
SIP HYS DYS
OS DNC
SUBSTRATE
Cu
0 0
I
0 0 0 0 0 4 0
I
arian Ve9etation
Em.rgent Vuc PtaMs
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 D
:.. .:I ... .::: :: :..: :4.::::.:.. :: :
Submsrg.nt Vuc.
.9. 0
i I
Macro algae
: “‘ • : • ‘ . . . . . : .;..:. . . : . :::::•: • . •:
Lo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D
— . : 1 : .. . ..2. ..:
S.dimint
.. . . : • . .. • • .• . . . .. •:• : . . •:. .
I—
-
4 40
I I .
I ATI0N
Subtidal
LInt. !L
---_____
I
2
: — :‘: • - - .
:3 333 2 • = 3
. •: : .. . : • • .. . . .. .. • : .. ..: : • . ••.
! _o
0 0 0.0 cr1.
I . 2 •: :
—
. .
iR . arian
. . .
: . ::• . • . . . .. . : : •:•. •• ..•
L00 .0O 00 0:O.:O:. .O. .:O:*
: . i::.
I ENE
alinity
•
::
•.. :
3 32
•mpraturs
. •: : •. ::‘ . ::. : .
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 * 4
ound
.
.. . . . ...
—____
4 4.44.44.4:4:4.44
‘9ht
.
. .• .• . . .. . . •••. .
j,_4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ‘4 4 42
1 . at.r/sedim.nt
Qua
. : :.: :. .
---
44:4 4•..4 ..4•4 44 4 4
..
3
—
. .
ITurb 1dit ,
• .____
.--_—
22
3
-ii -
. .. .
22 3 .2.2 2 2 23
:‘.
A-34

-------
MATRIX I RESULIt WATER COLUMN
::::
iA ct i CHS CKS STH RVL PAM LFS SFS SSC P si. cn M W en GD RFH OSP sfl
:
t ••o.:...:::o E::G.. ft •
!L • • • • .
‘ . t
9 . . 0 ” •:U. . U •U . : . S . -
L .
FEEDING .
8snthic
Epib •nthic
-- -___
! ! * 9ic

. ; . • ; : . . . . . : . .
32322 33320 3 3 3 3 3 3 0
2 3 24 3 3 _ _: ::I:
:i: - — : . . . •: :Q. ’: ;: 3 3
- 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
: 1 . 1 . . :
La 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
! : u$ton
.
‘
—
VERTEBRATES
4
323
—
3 3
333
N.
I
D S 0 * $ $ 1 QOQ:Q :OO4 .4: . : : f l tQO Q .Q
t I I •tl t I I I
I
3
Wat .r co j umn
.
.
3
3
3
333
0
0 3
3
3 3
3 0 00 0 00
3 3
3
3
3
0
3
3
2
2 3
3
32
1 2 2
3i3
T•rrntriaj
. . . . . . ) . . : O:. V...Q . Q.. Q Q 0 O
GGDODoeto$$
t I I I I I I I t 3
0 0 00 0 00 00 0
. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . : . :. ::. x ::: k •: . .. . . ..
. t. :b : Q : Ø:4 0. 000:. ..: : . .. v: : . : ::
t I 1 . :t.. t :. . .t:: .: : .. . : 1 . 4. . 1 .. .:. : : > , . : . : . .
0
33
0
PUNTS
Enisr.ntVnc.
Submer.ntVasc.
C
.4 . .......... 4 4 .4 :4 4 • 4 4. 2 4 4
0 0 O 0 0 0 :0 O 4 :Q Q : . . .
4 .
Macro alga.
,:( . o•ojo :i
:
Micro algaa
± : 1 * 1Ilrti 0 I ttIIIfItIaIIstata lat2I I
I. I 14 1
.0 _ i t J n J r t a l a .
;. ! t . ).I . s l . v. p .SJ. ? . II$J. . . . 4
1j4 .4
otc
I I
14 4
435

-------
MATRIX I RE$ULTS WATER OLLJMH
PsI. CM CHSCKS STH RVL WB PAIl LFS SFS SSC PSI. WO cO RB MW CO GD BFH OSPS$t. PHS
1.. :I.:: 1.:.:. 1 I
— flTt-l-- I I S S t t ii j I r ) j j-ti -ri• i
10 O .0 o . . • : n n n• .n • : ‘ :..
•,II 11111115 .141-I, li-if. tIfIIIIItjpj __ ip fti..i A.!su •.. _ ,
. 4. . . .. 31:::. • . . . : :.:. •
. : ‘ ‘‘ I _ .uAtt -1111 .-I V’’S I i; ; • i 1 , • 11 1 .‘i’i ’iL — •‘ ‘ .: ‘ ‘• ‘: .‘-‘. • ‘ ‘‘ ;‘. • ‘i’-
_________ 0.0:0 0
I I . I INS 11111 II I S .5 II I I, Iii •
I II . . II . III III.I II 111111 hiTs LJI SI .SI .I .-*-. _ JISHhJI hulL 1115111 III.. _ t tISS.. *ti .tj
.115 _ Ill rti _ .ti* ,. . .S•SII’ii. 11 J iii n.,iiui liii.. i... .i tiiI ,i ijJi
— U . ,Ii, I ; : M Of , 1 P. 1
— S t l S S I ii.i II I II S I• — : . • I I I S
It SIIJ I I • V -1 \i .i,ft ii i in r t’ u u
) .s 3
—. -- SI ..I..... •I
I.ft.:Ifl.: Iit.: It I•n••• It . ii•i. ii Iii I
.!! _.._..____. I ; !.I )ll.
•t•.t..:5 .•.
_ I
•0
,III.I’_I
Ililifli
JIlL -hi
I _ OI j: .; 0 [ :. 0
I-
I
41
j.:... 1
•rntuvs - -
-
-- - - 3
232323232
—
2•_
2
—
32
IL113F23t iI33 FTrrr 2 h1 3 J 11 A ’ 1J 1 4 or°rY:f
tlJilIii i j;0 1 1 j0 1 0, 0 0 JO J 0 JO 1°
Z 2 2 , i II ‘I °I I
tills i i ii II I I I:I I iii ‘ I S ii I i i I i i l i i i i i i I III 1Sf’ i Ii? l 1
:j 9 1 1k I4 14
— :• : :.:: 31 131 131 3• 31 31 31 131 131
.1
I .:!
I
j •_•
.!....
I
I- —
—
—
—
4 .
—
—
—
— . —
—
2
— — —
2
— — .l —_ -_ -_ -_ -__

r2
4
Li.
P .111111 11111111 III•
4 4.4:../4 ”
:::...::::.
3
3
—
— —
—
—
—
.—. . I!! 111111 IIii.SL . —
— —
—
— —
——————————
. —
__________.__1._
! L3 34343434
4
———
4
4
.I.!.,.U . 11111
4 4. 4 3
3 3 3
• I•I3
[ 2 2
2
2 •
..:S • I
3
3
3.
3:: :
I
.
/ssdIrn.ntoILaIk 9 3 .. . —---- .. . .
4343434343:4 4 4 4 44 4 4.
2 2 2 2 2 . 2 • 7
:. •
ti ity 3 •1 ttT •—r—- i .
4 T.I i_ T,UiIIUIJP I
333 33 ?_
2222222222
—
4
.444 4_ 44 4 3 4.4
A-36

-------
MATRIX I RESULTS WATER COWMN
LI I!sA cM ICHS CKSISTHIRVL IWBLINOAIPAHILFSJSFS 1 S$CJP JW 1Dcc co I 1MwIC0 JGD IBFHIOSPJSSLJ ’
M!i ii
. t..I ....i: T :ir J 1 i ‘ .14 ‘:14 1.4 .1.4 14 .10.131
j J :II
‘__ J1I _ i 1. •!•••• I ••• :I::. i :.: .:.J : .:::.J :.• . •
JB! LOGICALCôMPLE orYJ”’JJJJ 1 J 1 JIL1 .I1II1I111U. Mj i—
! merg.ntV ifo ojo .010 alo 010 010 10 10 10 10 r - - _____
L tttPI 11 ..°1 0J c
•1 .I •.•f. I I
It.:!.. I __ I _ __ . : 1 4::!4..*j:...j. • 1ii.I•IlIiIII•u11
I nsr .ntVucFIantsJjJ 41 JJJ 1 JJJjAJAjJ 1 J ‘_ -1I?J!LI41i
I•O.Olooio oiooioni
4.i9;IP .PJJ ., • OF-c
ltltnhlIlI . I. J -h444f ••tI
—
— •-
21
I 1:1
I.,i:.....:.:;:j I I••’••I I•• I I I
— I • • • • - . L
10:1010 10 lo 10 10 lo 10 o Ic
I I.:..O1:.: .01 • ••O1 ni ni ni ni nI of Ji
t:tt:t: :.Tf :.. •I !
I:....I... I 1•. I• ! 1 I
IPHYS. ôoMPLDaIOi;
II, ‘ licalrøljif
! : !izontaI sd9u
Water mov.m.rit I •: •J : ::.:. .j ... • J4
L
I..:
I 31
L13
B&t i rn.tric Fi ..•.•• •1 •• 1.:.:. I — • I I
i:
U
I :.i
1 Micro AJài.
,-‘ ‘ERAL
ty
31 1
I I I
3 2! 31
21
2
a
41 .1 ••
21
I I • T
3131.2 .:IZ..12 .131 12 12 l3l
‘•
. ••••. lI_.1 — •-- -4—-1 .
10 1
3
—
•rk••
4 I•I•••JIi•I
J: i .‘. :::;: ; j J j : :: 1jUl11 iI uhu “ :: : 1• ::i;: ;, I ;:“i
: ! I: : !!i ii ‘“, uI ‘,, : 2 ‘.: TIUI ‘ :“ 1 ’1 J °1 1 1 J °Ji
i:: II ltiii I L 31 3I4 f :J: I3I3: [ 3I3I3:
4134343434J34 .4..:.4 •4••.4 4 :4 4 3 31 131 2 31 31 3 31 31 3
— ————— — u•••• ii •.iii. .i .t . IIIIlIIIItIuI.IT III •... iii I • I I • •...i • ______•_ — —
2222
I rsturs
F -i___ —iii
?u!!d
————————— —
— — — — — — — — — — • :_hl!. IIuI!II •tI.!.1.I!.uI. 11111111 11111111 I!jIt!I 11.1 :.
Lht 3333333333
. —•-— — — — — — — — — — flIt.lI.I. i-tui i. p_ ij.i.p i•i. uuiti •. .• ... . — — — — — —
43434343434 4 4 4 4 4 4’ 4 33332333333
— •——— — — — — — — •‘•!• ‘ .! . •.:4!. .-.! .:.:At. .I inn i i iji•• :•. 11 .M ‘.•. .. I • t• • • — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2 2
— — — — — — — Itsilli PL •i .•i. Shut lII..I •I.1••.I• 11111111 1111111 I. .! —
Water/S .dlm.ntQijajfty I 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 13 3
— — — — — II .... • . •.. • •.Ii 11111.1 pIll. I. I III I •I•I 1II • • .1 ITulI..IulJ t •
2 2 2 2 21 3 2 2 ii 2 2
i_ : CE2 tIiu’u’H II :::‘ ::::::::I::::: :ii
. I • I 122
Turbidity 1 3 ::. 0 0 oo: ••;1o o 0 o lio
— — — — — — — 1111.11 • IIpflj ILL III I ti •tII •ul • liii II ITII II hilt. . IlI . .I . . • . —
—liii ! ! :1 : ‘ : fl. ; :;:, ‘: f I ;:
A-37

-------
SUPPLEMENT 2. MATRIx H RESULTS
The following section presents the result.s of the second matrix questionnaire (Matrix II)
circulated among UEMWG representatives and their respective agencies. The purpose of this
questionnaire was to build on Matrix I results, identifying the specific attributes that make a particular
habitat function of high importance to assemblage species members. The top row lists assemblage
species for a particular estuarine habitat, using the same code system used in Matrix I (see A-2 thru A
6 for key to codes). The left column lists the attributes Matrix U respondents listed for each habitat
function. As in Matrix I, respondents were asked to rate the importance of attributes to assemblage
species members using the following system:
0 no relationship
1 = relationship of low importance
2 = relationship of medium importance
3 = relationship of high importance
4 = significant relationship suspected, but no data available
Many attributes were listed by more than one respondent, thus the results show several ranks
for these attributes. Finally, it should be noted that for many “physical habitat functions (i.e. salinity,
temperature, bathymetric features, etc) no specific attribute (e.g. salinity or temperature range, types
of bathymetric features) were listed. A n/a in the attribute column indicates this situation were no
specific attribute was identified, yet a rank of the importance of the habitat function was reported.

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS: EMERGENT MARSH
I
amcamg
amw
bth
agckSCms
cog
can
oft
d gbhgdw
g
gwtk
Ispm
FeedungGeneral.SaiInIty
—
—
—
—
—
n/a
3
3
3
—
—
FeedingGeneral,Camon
—
—
n/a
—
—
Feeding.General.Debitus
—
—
—
—
n/a
4
—
Feeding General, Temperature
—
—
n/a
‘
—
-
-
—
—
(contd)
FeedingGeneral.Gravel lng
In/a
Feeding General.Ught
daylength
4
t
i
L _
_
_
—
—
t
_
t
_
Feedng -Genera l,Sound
—
—
—
human disturbance
n/a
.3
.3
-3
4
-1, 2,
•1, 2,4
-3
2
-3
-3,-3
-3
-3
•3 4
-3 -‘
—
—
—
4_
—
Feedng General,Water/Sedimentouairty
sediment quality
1.___
I
—
2
2
Feeding General, Water/Sediment
Ouai
ity
n/a
3
3
3
3
.3,3
.3,3
3
3
.33
3
3
3
3
Feeding General, Turbidity
—
—
—
—
—
—
n/a
•3,-2.
-3,2,
2
-3 3
4
(corit ’d)
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic
Annelida (unid)
4
4
4
4
4
4
3, 4
4
Biva lvia(unid.)
—
Corbicula manllen&s
Corophium saimonls
4
Corophium app.
4
4
4
4
4
4
Diptera (unid)
Hobsonia florida
opoda (unid)
Manayunkia aestuarina
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
Neanthes hmnicola
Nematoda (unid)
4
4
Oligochaeta (unid.)
1
Polychaeta (unid.)
I
Tanais spp
Transennel latantilla
3
3
Feeding. Invertebrates, Epibenihic
Anodonta app.
.
4
4
4
Balanus app.
4
3
3
0
0
4
0. 3
0
4
0
3
0
0
0
Brachyrhyncha (unid)
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Calanoida (uriid.)
2
2
Cancer productus
Chironomidae (unid.)
4
I Chironomidae larvae/pupae
2
3
Corbicula manilensis
4
4
4
Corophium salmonis
3
Corophium spinicome
3
3
Corophium spp.
2. 3,
2
4
1
B-2

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGENT MARSH
—
E
2..
2 L
‘!L
(conEd)
—
—
Crangonspp
4
1
4_
4
—
Cumella vulgaris
Cyclopoida (unid)
—
2
2
—
—
—
—
—
Cyclopoida (urlid)
—
—
—
—
—
Decapoda(unid)
.
4
4
4
DipteraQarvae)
4_
—
4
4
4
4
—
—
4
—
4
4
Diptera (unid)
3
3
4
EogammarusconfeMcolus
4_
4
4_
4
1,4
2
4
4_
3
—
—
4_
4
3
4
4
4_
Eogammarusspp
Gammandea(unid)
4_
4
4_
2,3
2,3
Gastropoda(unud)
4•
4_
4 ••.
4_
.
t_.
t_.
Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese
—
—
Harpacticoida(unid)
12
2.3
Hemigrapsus spp
—
Hemiptera (unid)
2
2
nsectaQa ae)
flsecta(unid)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
—
Littoruna spp
4
4
4
4
4
3 3
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
Mytulusedulis
4
3_
3
Q_
__
_
Q_
Q—
_
p—
q_
Q_
Neomysis mercedus
2, 2
2
2. 4
Nereudae(unid)
4
Orchestia traskiaria
3
4
Pacificastacus leniusculus
Paramoera columbiana
1
Polychaeta (unud)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Saunderia spp
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
Feedi
ng Invertebrates, Neustonuc
Araneae (unud)
2
Churonomidae (unud)
3
3
3
Duptera (urnd)
2
2
Ephydridae (unid)
2
Heleudae (unud)
2
nsecta, terrestrial (unid)
4
4
4
n/a
2
3
Feed
g Invertebrates, Pelagic
Calanouda (unid)
2
4
Cladocera (unid)
4
Corycaeus S P
1
Daphnuaspp
3
Mysidacea(unid)
n/a
Feedun
g Planis, Micro AJgae
epiphytuc algae/animals
3
fulamerutous algae
4
.
3
Feeding Ptants,EmergentVascular
Alnus rubra
—
3
bentgrass/aster
4
4
Carex lyngbeu
4
4 4
3
4
4
3
Carex lyngbeu (seeds)
4
ICarexspp
3
3
3
3
Deschampsia cespitosa
4
Distichius spp
4 4
3
4
4
3
3
6-3

-------
MATRIX ii RESULTS. EMERGENT MARSH
amcamgamwblh
bib
cag
cks
cms
cog
can
ctt
dej
gbh
gdwgry
gwt
3
kid
Isp mid
3
Grundehaintogrifoha
—
—
—
Grundehaspp.
4
—
—
4
Phalans arundinacea
3
.
4
Po lygonomspp.
POlygOnumhydropiperoldes
Potomogetonspp.
—

4
4

4
ScUpUS asUtis
—
4
—
Scurpusamericanus
4
—
—
4
•
3
4
Scirpusmaritimus
4
Scirpus app
Scirpus vaiudus
3
4
4_
L
L...
—
Scirpus validus (seeds)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Siumsuave
4
—
—
4
—
Spergularia marina
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Trigiochun marutimum
4
4
4
4
Trigiochin palustris
4
Typha spp
3
—
4
4
Feeding P lants,Mac roMpae
—
Enteromorpha app.
4
3, 3
4
2. 4
4
4
4
3. 4
4
4
4
t.Jlva app
4
3,3,
4
2. 3
4
4
4
3, 4
4
4
(con td)
4
Feeding: Plants, Submergent Vascular
Ruppia marltuma
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
1
4
Zostera japonica
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
Zostera marina
3
3
4
3 4
4
4
4
4
Zostera app.
3
3
2
Feeding. Vertebrates, Demersal
Cottus
4
Gasterosteus acuieatus
3
— —
Leptocottus armatus
4
4
1, 4
3, 3
Lumpenus sagitta
4
Microgadus proxumus
4
— —
Platuchthys steliatus
4
4
3
Feeding. Vertebrates, Terrestrtai
JAves (unid)
— —
Oiahdrae (unit)
Microtus spp
2, 3
— —
Microtus townSendil
datra zibethicus
Peromyscus mariuculatus
Sorex benduni
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Colum
n
Aliosmerus elongatus
4
4
Cyrnatogaster aggregate
4
4
4
3
4
Erugraulus mordax
4
4
Gasterosteus aculeatus
3
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry)
4
4
3
4
4
Oncorhynchus kate (try)
4
4
2. 3
4
4
Oncorhynchus app (fry)
3
Teieostep (unld.)
4
1
4
I
Thaletchthys paciticus
4
4
I
8-4

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGENT MARSH
n /a
amc
amg
amw
bfh
bib
cag
cks
cms
cog
csn
ctt
dej
gbh
gdw
gry
gwt
kid
Isp
mid
Refu
0/Physiology Biological Corn
plexi
,Eme
nt Vasc
. Plants
Carexspp
—
3
3
loose soil
nparuanbuffer
4
Scirpusspp
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
Typhaspp
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
3
n/a
4
2
2
Age/Physiology- Biological Corn
In/a
-
plexi Su
-
bmerp
- — -
ent Vasc Plants
2
2
-
-
—
—
-
-
-
Refuge/Physiology Generai, Light
4
-L4
jn/a
4
4
.14
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Refuge/Physiology: General, Soun
d
-2,-i,
-3-3
n/a
4
-3
•3
-2,-i. 4
-3
4
4
•3
-2
(cont’d)
—
Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Seth
merit
Qualdy
sediment quality
1
1
3
3
Ifl/8
3
3
3
3
•33
33
3
4
3
4
3
3
3
Refu
ne/Physiology General,Turbithty
n/a
-3-3,
-3,-3,-
2
-3
.3
(cont ’d)
2
Ref u
ge/Physiology Physical Comp
lexrty
Bath
yrnetn
c Feat
ures
area of refuge
3
3
2
2
3
3
slope
2
2
n /a
3
4
3
3
3
3,3,
3,3,
3
3,3
3
4
3,4
4
4
4
(cont’d)
3
3
Refu
g
e/Physiology Physical Comp
exdy,
Hon
zontat Edges
n/a
3
4
(J
2,2
2
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
Ref u
g
e/Physiology Physical Comp
exny,
Verb
cal Re
ief
Pucea sutchensis
4
Sahxspp
4
4
4
4
n/a 4
4
3
4
3
4
3,4
3
2
3
3
3
Reproduction Elevation, Intertidal
n/a
3
Reproduction Elevation, Ripanan
In/a
3
3
3,4
3
3
23,3
3
3
3
3,3
3.3
3,3
4
3,3
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
In/a
Reproduction General, Light
In/a
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Reproduclion:Genera l,Sound
In/a
—
4
-3
-2
.3
4
-3.-3
-3
-3
-3-2
Repr
od
ucton. Genera], Water/Sedu
merit Qua]
!nia
Reproduction: General, Turbidity
In/a
—
Reproduction. Substrate, Emergent Vasc.
Plants
Carex lyngbei
Scirpus arnerucartus
Typha latulolua
Typhaspp 3
3
3
3
3
3
‘ eproduct,on Substrate, Macto Algae
Algae (unud) I
8-5

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGENT MARSH
arnc amg
; -
;;-
;;;
c;
& “
n/a
Reproduction Substrate, Rpanan Ve abon
Picea sitchensis
—
—
—
—
3
2
Populustrichocarpa
Pseudotsuga menziesu
In/a
3
3
2
Re oduction Substrate. Sediment
boulder/cobble
grain size apx 1.00 urn.
gravel
2
2
mud
2
2
sand
2
2
sandy shallows
B-6

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGENT MARSH
mln
Salinity
mn
nor
osp
phs
prs
pss
rcc
rth
rvo
rwb
ab C
seo
sgs
sps

svs
tss
tsv
wgr
wsp
=
—
—
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
.3 3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
4
4
4
4
4
-
•3
—
disturbance
-3
•3
4
3
.3
-3
-3
-3
-
-
General,Water/SedumentQua
ity
—
Water/Sediment Qua
ity
—
3
4
4
4
3
Turbidity
3
4
Benthic
)
4
4
3 4
4
4
4
—
)
2
manilensis
3
salmonis
4
4
4
4
4
4
app
)
4
4
4
4
4
—
—
—
1
2
aestuarina
1
4
limnicola
3
(unid)
4
4
4
4
4
3
(unid)
(unid)
1
tantilla
3
3
Epibenthic
3
6
—
—
—
(unid)
o
3
(unid)
larvae/pupae
2 2
3
manilensis
4
4
4
salmonis
3 3
3
spinicorne
3
3
B-i

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS: EMERGENT MARSH
mm
mrt
nor
asp
phs
prs
pss
rcc
rth
rvo
rwb
sbd
seo
sgs
sps
svs
tss
tsv
wgr
wSp
—
—
3
3..
4_
.
—
—
2_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
2_
3
4_
4
4
—
—
—
—
—
I
3_
4
4_
4_
—
Q.L.
—
—
—
—
3_
2_
—
2
—
—
( norumosphaeromaoregone ,
—
—
—
—
3
2_
—

1_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
mercedis
2.3
2, 4
1
4
traskiana
4
3
4
leniusculus
3
columbiana
(unid.)
4
4
4
2,
Neustonic
(unid)
)
(unid)
(unid)
Pelagic
(unid.)
3
)
3
—
(unld)
2
3
—
3
Micro Ngae
algae/animals
algae I
—
—
Emergent Vascular
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
(seeds)
3
4
3
cespitosa
4
4
4
3
8 -8

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS: EMERGENT MARSH
Eleocharusspp
mm
mrt
nor
osp
phs
prs
pss
—-
rcc
rth
rvo
rwb
abC
seo
sgs
sps
svs
tss
tsv
wgr
wsp
Grindelialntegrifolia
—
2
—
Grindelia app
4
3
4
Juncus app
4
4
Phalaris arundirtacea
3
4
4
4
4
—
Polygonomspp
—
Polygonumhydropiperoides
Potomogeton spp
—
Salicornia spp
2
Scirpusacut ls
Scurpus mantimus
3
2
Scirpus validus
Scirpus validus (seeds)
3
4
Siumsuave
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
Spergularia manna
4
4
4
3
Triglochin maritumum
4
4
Triglochun palustris
Typhaspp
3
4
4
3
4
4
Feeding Plants,Mac roAigae
Enteromorpha spp
4
4
Umva app
(cont’d)
Feeding Plants, Submergent Vascu
lar
Ruppia maritime
Zostera japonuca
Zostera marina
-
Zostera app
Feeding Vertebrates, Demersal
Cottusspp
4
3
3
Gasierosteus aculeatus
4
Leptocottus armatus
4
Lumpenussagutta
4
4
Mucrogadus proxumus
4
4
Platichthys stellatus
4
3
3
4
Feeding Vertebrates, Terrestrial
Ayes (unud)
3
3
Chalidrae (unud.)
3
4
3
Microtus app
Mucrotus townsendiu
3
Ondatra zubethucus
3
Peremyscus maniculatus
3
Sorex bendiru
3
Feeding Vertebrates, Water Colum
n
Allosmerus elongatus
4
4
Cymatogaster aggregata
4
Engraulus mordax
4
3
4
Gaslerosteus aculeatus
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry)
3
Oncomynchus kate (fry)
3
Oncorhynchus app (fry)
Teleostel (unud.)
3
3
4
Thaleuchthys pacufucus
4
3
4
B-a

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS: EMERGENT MARSH
mm
mn nor osp pha prs
pee
rcc
rth
rvo
rwb
sbd
seo
age
SPS
eve
tSS
tSv
wgr
wSp
3.
Biological Comp xItvJm ent Vasc. Rants
3
—
3
—
—
—
3
—
—
—
—
3
.._.
—
—
4_
4
4
— — —
3 4
Biological Con xlt ubmergent
4
Vase.
—
4_ 4
- -
Plants
——
3
—
—
—
4
—
4
4
t .
t.
t
t
L
—
—
-
General. Sound
3
c
:
L
4
—
—
—
—
General, WaterL diment QuaJ
— — —
it
—
—
yGenerai ,Turb id
f
j_
—
—
—
Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features
—
—
—
4
3
4
4
4
Physical ComplexdyMorIz tal Edges
J4
4
4
—
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2.2
4
4
Physical Complexity. Vertical Re
liel
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
0
3
3
3
3.
Devaton, bflerbdal
4
4
Devation, l parian
3
3
3
3,3
3
3
4
3
4
3
4
4
Elevation, Subtidai
3
General, Lighi
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
General, Sound
-3
4
4
4
.3
.3
4
4
General, Water/Sediment
Oual
r y
—
—
3
3
j
General, Turbidity
4
Substrato, Emergent Vasc. Plants
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
americanus
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
.
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
Substrate, Macro PJgae
f
3
B-b

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS EMERGE WI MARSH
mm mn
nor
osp
phs
prs
psa
rcc
nih
rvo
rwb
sbd
seo
sgs
sps
svs
tss
isv
wgr
wsp
4
3
Substrate.Rpanan V jeta
lion
menztesii
3
—
—
—
—
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
3
4
4
—
—
3
—
—
1.00 urn
2
3
B.11

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS: MUDFLAT
b
g
!
9
bh
r
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
4
—
4
-2
4
4
-3
-3
4

—
—
t.


- _
_

t .
t.
—
t
— —
Watef/Sediment Qual ty
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
—

— —
3
4
4
_
t
_
t
_
—

— —
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
4
4
4
L
_
_
t
4
IL....
Q......
t__
.
t__
_.
t.....
_
‘L_
—
2
—
calufomlensis
—
—
3
maruutensls
3
salmonis 4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3.4
4_
4_
4
4
(unid) —
3
3
3
1
(unid) 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
(unud)
2. 2
1, 2
2
2
manulensis 4
4
4
4
4
4
salmonus
3
spp
3 3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
confervucolus 4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
app.
3
3
washingtonuus 4
4
4 -
4
4
4
4
—
4
—
4
—
4
—
4
3
(unid.)
2.3
2
2
(urnd)
i
(unid.)
3
3
uniremis
3
app.
3
3
(unud.) 3
3
(unud.)
pugettensis 4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
leniusculus 4
4
4
4
4
4
calufornuensis 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
calufornuensis
3
3
3
1,3
3
3
Neustoruc
4
4
B-12

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS MUDFLAT
I
L
2 L
Feeding hwertebrates,Pelagic
Callianassacahforn (larvae)
—
—
3
—
—
—
—
Upogebia pugettensis (larvae
)
3
—
Feeding Ptants,MaeroPjgae
4
—
4
—
—
4
—
In/a
4
ing -Ve ebratesDemersaJ
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
4
—
3
3
3
Lepidogobiuslepidus
Leptocottus arrnatus
2
3
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
Platichthysstellalus
4
4
33
euroni ys vetulus
4
4_
Feedng:Verteb i ’ates ,Terrestnaj
—
—
Aves(unid)
4
—
—
4
4
—
Feeding Veftebrates,WaterColumn
—
Engraulismordax
4_
4
4
_..
Gasterosteus aculeatus
2
Oncorhynchus spp (fry)
3
4
4
4
Refuge/PhysiologyGenera l,Salinity
In/a
Retu 9 e/PhysiologyGenera l,Ljght
In/a
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

Refuge/Physiology General, Soun
d
In/a 1-3
.
L
-
•
L
—
Refuge/PhysIology General, Water/Sediment Quality
L
fn/a 13 [
13
3_
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity
Bathymetric Feature
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
callianassid burrows
3
dendrltic channels
3
3
3
3
3
n/a
3
3
4
3.4
3,4
4
4
Refu e/PhysioIogy- Physical Complexity, Honzontai
In/a J4 14
e
s
4
4
4
4
2,4
3,4
4
4
3
1
4
4
2,4
4
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Re
lief
shell hasP,
3
n/a
3
4
3
3
3
3
3,3,
3
3
3
3
1,3
4
3
3
cont’d
4
Reproduction. Elevation, Rpanan
n/a
3
3,3
Reproduction. Elevation, Subbdai
In/a
2,3
1.3
2,3
Reproduction General, Salinity
n/a
3
-3
Reproduction General, Temperature
In/a
.
3
-3
ReproductionS General, Light
n/a
4
4
Reproduction. General, Sound
—
—
In/a
-
3,-3
.3
:RePrOduCtiOfl Substrate, Rpanan Vegetation
In/a I I
3
3
4.
B-13

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS SIANOFLAT
L
22
E L
L
E!
-—
Temperature
light
4
4
4
4
4
4
—
—
—
Water/Sediment QuaJ
,
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Turbidity
3
—
-3
4
4
-3
4
-
Benthic
nutafli
2
app.
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
—
4
4_
4
4_
t -_
_
4_
4_
—
(unid)
—

—
—
(unid)
1,2
1.1
—
3
Epibenthic
—
—
3
4
4
4
4
—
4
—
—
4
3
app.
4
4
4
4
4
4
3, 4
3, 4
4
4
4
3, 3,
3, 4
4
4
3
3
confervicolus
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
(unld)
3
mercedis
1
pugeuensis
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
spp.
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
Neustonic
4
3
Demersai
app.
3
4
4
3
4
4
armatus
3
3, 3
3
stellatus
4
4
3
4
4
Water Column
mordax
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
j
Biological Complex
,Sub
rne p
ent Vasc Plants
wave actIon
4
4
4
4
General, Light
—
4
4
4
4
4
4
i—
—
—
—
—
4 ___
General, Sound
I
4
-3
-3
-3
-3
4
.3
.
General, Water/Sediment Quality
I I 3 13
3
3
3
3
Ph ,iIcaJ Complexity, Bath ietnc Features
B-14

-------
MATRIX I I RESULTS: SANDFLAT
eke
can
d
dne
gbh
hj
l
ped
psi
pss
ads
spa
sad
dendritie channels
3
depressions, pøols
3
2
shallow depressions
—
tidepools
3
3
3
n/a
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity,
Horizontal Edges
in/a
-
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity,
Veitcai Relief
shell hash
3
n/a
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
Refuge/Physiology Physical Camp
lexity
Wate
r Movement
n/a
4
4
4
Reproducton Bevabon, Rparsan
(n/a
3,3,4
4
Reproduction General, Sound
(n/a
3
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
(n/a I I
Reproduction Substrate, Riparuan Vegetation
In/a I I
3
8-15

-------
MATRIX Ii RESULTS: GRAVEL/COBBLE
-
!!-
?-
!-
-
L
E
E
—
2
-
-
-
-
4
4
3
3 ,3
3
—
—
—
—
—

—
—
-
—
Water/Sediment Quality

3
—
—
.3
.3
-3, 3
-3, 3
.3
.3
.3
.3
-3
maniIens s
3
app 4
4
4
4
excentricus
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
(unid)
3
2
2
Epibenthic
(unud) 4
4
4
4
4
3. 4
4
3
pugettens s
3
3
1
(unid.) 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
manilensis 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Spp.
3. 3
3
4
4
2,3
4
3
4
3
3
4
4
1
3
4
2
app. 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
(unid)
3
2, 3
3
3
oregonese
2
1_
(unid.)
spp. 2
app
(unid.)
3
(unid.)
I
3
mercedls
3
leniusculus 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
(unid.)
2
3
3
3
2,3
3
8-16

-------
MATRIX I I RESULTS GRAVEL/COBBLE
C
dcc
gra
p
mwg
pa
p
Neustonuc
terrestrial (unud)
—
1
—
Neuslonuc
bivertebratesPelaguc
(unid)
hexapterus
harengus pallasu (egg
2
4
s)
—
3,3
3
—
3
—

—
1.2,3
2 —
1.2
2,2
4
4


3
-
)
aculeatus
3
3 4
3
4
3
steltatus
Terrestrial
‘
4
3
4
Water Column
hexapterus
2
2
2
aggregata
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
aculeatus
3
3
.
spp (try)
4
1, 3
3 4
4
3.4
4
caurunus
3
3
paciticus
4
4
3
4
4
4
Water Column
2
Biological Corn
plexfty
, Ma
‘o PJ 9
ae
2
2
3
Biological Corn
pyrifera
plainly
Sub
merqe
nlV
asc. Plants
3
3
e/PhysJology -.GeneraJ,$aJunltv _
2
3
3 3
General, Temperature
•3,3
•33
3
General, Light
14
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
G neral, Sound
I
•3,4
-3,4
4
General, Water/Sedum
13
General, Turbidity
I
ent Ouality
3,4
-2,3
3,4
3
4
3
4
3
B-l i

-------
MATRIX I I RESULTS: GRAVEL/COBBLE
I ibm Ibfs Ibib Iblt lens cog
cpr
en
dcc
dv i
gre
hgb
Isp
mwg
pan
pip
psc
ptc
rcc
Refuge/Physiology Phys4cal Complexity, Bath ethc Features
L3
—
In/a 14 13 I I 12,3,3
Reluge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Honzontai Edges
3
L3
1,4
Q—.
_
3

4
3
—
—
In/a I I I I 12,3,4
RefUØe/PhYSloIo9 PhYalcal Complexity. Veit & Relief —
k/a 14 I I I — —
1,4
L

R efu e/PhysiologyPhysicaICompIexlty ,WaterMovernent
1<40cm/sac
3
Reproducton. Elevation, btteilidal
+7ftto+ lift
n/a
3
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtldal
In/a
3
3
2
2
ReProdu cti oflGeneral,Saiufli t y
I freshwater seepage
Reproduction: Substrate. Macro Algae
In/a
ReprOduc liOnSubstrate,Sedjment
1-7 mm diameter
n/a
-
3
8-18

-------
MATRIX ii RESULTS. GRAVEL/COBBLE
Feeding. Generai, Sallntty
In/a
—
Feeding Generai,Deffitus
In/a
Feeding General, Temperature
33
-
n/a
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
Feeding General, Light
4
(n/a
Feeding. Generai, Sound
In/a
4
—
Feeding. General, Water/Sedimeni
In/a
Quality
3 3
3
3
3
3
-
Feeding General, Turbidity
30-60 NTU
n/a
Feeding venebrates, Benihic
—
—
—
3
—
—
-3
—
Bivalvia (unid)
Corbicula manilensis
Corophium spp,
4
4_
Dendraster excentricus
Mya arenaria
t.._.
Nucella app
—
—
Polychaeta (unid.)
Teliina nuculoides
n/a
3
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic
Arnphipoda (unid)
—
—
—
—
—
-
L...
._.
—
Ampithoe app
2
Anisogammarus pugetlensis
Ba lanusspp
3
—
Cancer magister
—
—
—
—
Cancerspp
—
Copepoda (unid)
4 3
4
Corbicula manilensis
4
4
Corophium app.
3. 3
Crangonspp
—
3
4
Cumella vulgaris
2
ogammarus app
4 3
4
usiroides app.
2
Gammaridea (unid)
3
3
Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese_
I
Harpacticoida(unid.)
—
—
—
3
Hemigrapsus app
Heptacarpus
1
3
Hippolytidae (unid)
2
Mysidacea (unid.)
I
Mytiius edulis
Neomysis mercedia
Pacificastacus leniusculus
4
Pugettia gracilis
2
Tanaidacea (unid.)
I
n/a
3
2.3
B-i 9

-------
MAT X II RESULTS: GPAVEL/COBBI .E
I
rcr
iL
8 . L
Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic
Insects, terrestrial (unid)
Feeding’ Invertebrates, Neustonic
In/a
Feeding: invertebrates, Pelagic
Calanoida (unid)
—
3
DecapodaQarvae)
Euphauslacea (unid.)
2
Hypenidea (unid.)
Mysidacea (unud.)
n/a
4
Feeding: Plants, Macro Algae
Ulvaspp.
—
—
n/a
Feed ng- Vertebrates, Demersal
—
—
—
Animodyles hexapterus
4_
,
A_podichthys flavudus
s)
Clupea harengus pallasi (egg
Cotiidae (unid.)
3.4
Gasterosteus aculeatus
4
4
Phobs laeta
Platichthys stellatus
Feedung Vertebrates, Terrestrial
Feeding- Vertebrates. Water Colum
n
Ammodytes hexapterus
Clupea harengus pal lasi
4
3
Cymatogaster aggregate
4
3
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Oncorhynchus spp (fry)
4
4
Sebasles caurunus
Thaleichthys pacificus
4
3, 3
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
n/a J
Refuge/Physiology: Biological Complexity, Ma
3
—
cro Algae
Lam maria spp
3
Utvaspp.
3
3
n/a
2
Refuge/Physiology-. Biological Corn
plexmty, Submerpent Vasc. Plants
Macrocystis pyrifera
Zostera SPP.
2
0/Physiology: General, Salinity
mesohaline
polyhahne
n/a
3
Refuge/Physiology General, Temperatur
e
In/a
-3
Refuge/Physiology- General, Ughi
In/a
4
4
Refuge/Physiology: General. Sound
In/a I
u e/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
n/a I 1
-3,3
4
3
Refuge/Physiology- General, Turbidity
In/a I
3.4
B-20

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS GRAVEL/COBBLE
(rcr Irks IM Irvo lets
sps
Sn
w
wsg
Re/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bath etnc Features
(n/a 14 (3 I I (3
4
-
Refuge/Physiology PhysiCal Complexity, Horizontal Edges
In/a (4 I I I j
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Vertical Relief j
-
n/a I (3 I I .L.......
_
!—
—
—
Ref u e/Physlology Physical Compl , Water Movement
(<40cm/sec
Reproduction Bevatlon, Intertidal
+lftto+llft
3
n/a
Reproducton Bevation, Subtidal
In/a
3
Reproduction. General, Salinity
(freshwater seepage
Reproduction Substrate, Macro Algae
(n/a I
Reproductjon Substrate, Sediment
1-7 mm diameter
3
n/a
3.
B-21

-------
MATRIX U RESULTS: EELGRASS
bi!L
EL
C 59
Cfl
9bh
gwQ
p
Isp
o
p
p
Salinity
—
—
4_
t
_
d
-
Camon
—
—
-
—
—
-
-
Detritus
—
—
—
—
—
—
23
3
4
Temperature
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
. i
—
4_
—
—
—
—
—
—
Graveling
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
—
—
—
Ught
—
—
—
—
—
4
4
4
-2
t
t
Sound
-3
-3
-2
.3
—
—

—
-3
—
—

Water/Sediment Quality
33
3
Z3
3
3
Turbidity
3
3
4
.2,3
4
3
3
3
1
2
calitorniensis
3
—
—
(unid)
Q. .
4
—
spp. 4
4
4
californica
3
benthic (unid) 4
4
4
4
4
3
.
3
(unid.)
3
Epibenthic
macropsis —
I
)
4
4
3
4
3
(unid)
2
4
2
4
4
3
laeviuscula
3
(uri ,d.)
spp (males)
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
3
2, 2
2
(unid)
2
(unid.)
2
contervicotus
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
spp.
3
(wiid)
2, 3
3
2
(unid.)
2. 3
2
spinulosus
spp.
3
3
uniremis
3
nudis
(unid.)
spp
3
kennerlyl
1
(unid.)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
B-fl

-------
MATRIX I I RESULTS EELGRASS
bpl
C
cms
g
can
dnc
gbh
q
gwg
kpp
l
Isp
osp
pah
o
rostrata
arthuri
—
4_
..
4____
3
Neustonic —
—
discandatus
Emergent Vascular
1__
-3
—
—
—
4
3
4
4
Submergent Vascular
3
—
3
2
2
Demersal
pallasu (eggs)__ 3
arrnatus
3
3, 3,
4
4
4
4
4
sagltta
3
slellatus
3
notatus
3
melanostuctus
3
benthic (unid)
3. 4
3
4
4
3
Terrestrial
Water Column
pallasu
3
2, 4
4
2
4
3
aggregate
(unid)
3
3
app (try)
4
4
4
3
1
pacificus
3
4
4
3
3
3
8 ologlc& Complexity, Emergent Vasc. Plants
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
oIogicaJ Complexity, Macro PJgae
—
algae/animals
3
—
2
—
—
2
3
4
Biological Comolex
Submergent Vasc. Plants
3
—
— —
3
3
4 3
4 4
3 4
4
General, Salinity
I
2,3,4
-3
8-23

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS EELGRASS
(bfh Ibib
bpf
cag
ems erg
csn
dnc
gbh
gry
gwg
kpp
Igc
Isp
osp
pah
phs
General, Temperature
—
I —
General, Sound
• 3
—
14 t
±
ti
t
t
t .
t±
General, Water/Sediment Quality
13 3 3
General.
.3,2
3
3
1
I —
•
Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features
13 I I I -
3
4
3__
Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
14 14 I 14
3.4
4
4
3
Physlcai Complexity,
Verb
cal ReI
et
(4 13 I 13
3
3
Physical CompIe ,
Water Movement
1,4
Rpanan —
4
3
1
—
2
Water/Sediment Quality
I

Macro igae
I
Rparian Vegetation
I I
3
3
3
B-24

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS EELGRASS
I
Feeding General, SalinIty
EL
E
In/a
4
j
t
Feeding General, Carrion
In/a
Feeding General, Detritus
In/a
Feeding General, Temperature
In/a
Feeding General, Graveling
In/a
Feeding General, Light
In/a
4
Feeding General, Sound
In/a
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
n/a
—
Feeding. General, Turbidity
n/a
Feeding bivertebrates, Benthic
Bivalvia (unud)
2
Callianassa californiensis
Capitellidae (unid)
Corophium app
3
4
4
Cryptomya californica
Invertebrates, benthic (unud)
4
4
4
Macoma app
Mya arenarla
2
Polycheeta (unid)
Telhna app
n/a
2
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic
AiienacantPtomysis macropsis
2
Aoroides inermus
1
1
1
Bivalvia (unid.)
4
4
Calanoida (unid.)
Cancer magister
4
4
Caprella laevluscula
3
Capreibdea (unld.)
Corophium app (males)
3
Crangon app.
4
4
4
Cumella vulgans
—
2
—
2
Cyclopoida (unid)
Decapoda (unid)
Eogammarus confervicolus 4
4
2
4
Eogammarus app
3
Gammaridea (unid) 3
3
1
3. 3
Harpactucoida (unid.)
Harpacticus spunulosus 2
1 2
Harpacticus app
1
Harpacticus uniremls
1
Hemigrapsus nudis
2
Hippolytidae (unid.)
2
2_
(schyrocerus app
—
3
—
2
—
—
—
1
Metacaprella kennerlyl — — 1
Mys dacea (unid) 4_ 3 4
— — —
4 4
8.25

-------
MATRIX U RESlil TS EELGPAS$
S
Pøntogenela rostrata
2
Scutellidium arthurl
1
Tanaldacea (unld)
3
4
Tisbe app.
1
3
1
3_
Zausspp.
1
1_
I
n/a
L2,
3
1 3
23
3
Feeding: bivertebrates, Neustonie
Feeding: hweitebrates, Pelagic
Aetidius app.
i
Corycaeus anglicus
3_
Decapoda arvae)
3
Paracalanus app.
2
Tortanus discandatus
1
n/a
2
—
Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular
Spartinaspp
n/a
Feeding Plants, Macro AJgao
LJfvaspp
n/a
Feeding: Plants, Submergent Vascular
Zostera japonica
Zostera marina
Zostera app.
ng Vertebrates, Demersal
Clupea harengus pallasi (eggs _
L.eptocottus armatus
—
—
4
cont’d
L.umpenus sagutta
Platichthys stellatus
Porichthys notatus
Psettuchthys melanostictus
Teleostei, benthuc (unid)
4
Vertebrates, Terrestrial
Ayes (unid)
Vertebrates, Water Colum
n
Clupea harengus pallasi
I Cymatogaster aggregate
Embiotocidae (unid.)
Oncorhynchus spp. (fry)
Thaleuchthys paclflcus
Refuge/Physiology Biological Corn
n/a
plexity, Emergent
j
Vasc
Plants
3
e/Physiology Biological Corn
plexity. MacroAJg
—
as
—
epiphytuc algae/animals
2
IjIva app
3
2
—
Refuge/Physiology Biological Complexity
—
, Submergent V
asc Plants
substrate/gravel
.
Zostera spp
3
3
3
n/a —
Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity
In/a I
.3
•3
B26

-------
MATRIX Ii RESULTS EELGRASS
I Irvo
shp
5 E
a
Refuge/Physlology General, Temperature
n/a I
Rfuge/Physiology General. Sound
In/a
—
—
•3
4
Refu e/Physlology- General, Water/Sedi
n/a I
ment
Quaf
Refu e/PhysioIog General, Turbidity
In/a I
Rfugef ys siogy Physlcai Complexity, Bathys’ietric Features
In/a I I I I 14
Ruge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
—
In/a I I I I
RgefPhysiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
In/a I I 13 I 3
Ref ugef Physiology Physical Compl y. Waler Mo iement
In/a
Reproduction Elevation, Rpanan
——
—
—
Infa
—
—
4
—
—
Reproduction General, Salinity
In/a
ReproductIon General, Water/Sediment Oua
In/a I —
Reproduction Substrate, Mauo Algae
n/a I
3
Reproductiorr Substrate, Rpanan Vegetation
n/a I I
6-27

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS: NEARSHORE SUBTIDAL SOFT BOTTOM
I
E-
E
Feeding General. Salinity
mesohaline
—
n/a
-3
-3
-3
-3
.3
.3
—
—
—
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment
jalu
In/a
l n g:Ge .Tu d
—
3
3
3
•3
-3
3
3
3
. 3
In/a
.33
.33
3
-3
.33
Feeding hivertebrates, Benthic
2
Call assa califomiensis
—
Oinocardium nutalll
2
Orchomene minute
2
Photis lacia
2
Polychaeta (unid)
3__
Protomedeia penates
Veneropsis japonica
3
3
Feed ng Invertebrates, Epibenthic
-
—
Cancer spp
1
Crangon spp.
Gammaridea (unid)
3
3
Hemigrapsus
2
Mysidacea (unid.)
3
2_
Neomysis mercedis
—
3
3
n/a
1
2
1,2,3
2,3
3
1,2,3
Feed ng: Invertebrates, Pelagic
Calanoida (unid)
2
Decapoda (larvae)
3
2
Euphauslacea (unld.)
2
n/a
2
Feeding: Vertebrates, Demereal
Ammodytes hexapterus
Leptocottus armatus
Microgadus proximus
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column
lupea harengus pallasi
3
3,3
3,3
Thaleichthys pacificus
3
— —
—
ge/Physiology: Biological Complexity, Macro Jgae
In/a I
13 (
Re/Physiology: Biological CompIexft eeVascPtants
ge/Physiology: General, Salinity j
In/a I 1
Re/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment
Quaidy
n/a I 3
3
3
-3.3 -3,3
3
3
3
.33
Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity
In/a I
3 3
3
8-28

-------
MATRIX Ii RESULTS. NEARSHORE SUBTIDAL SOFT BOTTOM
I Icmr Icos (dnc Idvs Igrw
‘Reluge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Nonzontai Edges
In /a I I I i I
h
isa
mwf
nos
pac
ptc
rsc
rtf
stp
wep
Refuge/Physiology- Physical Complexity
Vertical Relief
n/a
.1
Reproduction Elevation, Sublidaf
n/a
3,3
Re production: Elevation, Subtidal
n/a
3
Reproduction: General, SaJinity
In/a
3
3
3
Reproduction. Substrate, Sedumen
mud
i
B-29

-------
MATRIX I I RESULTS: NEARSHORE SUBT DAJ,. HARD BOTTOM
I
bJL
EL
L
L
Feedung Invertebrates, Benthic
ITransennellatantdla
Feeding. Invertebrates, Eplbenthic
Balanus crenatus
3
Balanus glandulá
3
Euaiusspp
3
3
3
3
3
Gammaridea (unid)
3__
Heptacarpus app.
3
3
3
3
3
Lebbeusspp
3
3
3
3
3
Pandalus danae
3
Spirontocaris app.
3
3
3
3
3
Feedi
ng: Invertebrates, Pelagic
Calanoida (unid)
3
3
Cancer app (zoea)
3
3
3
Vertebrates, Water Column
Arnmodytes hexapterus
3
Clupea harerigus pallasi
Phanerodon furcatus
3
B-30

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS WATER COLUMN
bfh
chs
cks
cms
cog
corn
csa
dcc
gdw
Ifs
mwg
noa
osp
pah
phk
phs
psa
p
rbm
Feedin9Generai ,Delrftus
n/a
—
Feeding: General, Temperature
w
n/a
3 ,3.Z3,
3.
3
(cont’d)
FeedingGenerai,Ught
33
In/a
Feeding Generai,Sound
t
n/a
4_
t
t
t
-
4
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment
In/a
Feeding.General,Turbidity
QuaJ
3
rty
-
-
low
n/a
FeedIng b1vertebrates,Epibenthic
4
3
-2
3
.
3
2
L
-
3
• !
•
Calanoida(un ld)
2
2
—
2
Corophium app
—
3
3
3
Crangon franciscorum
2
Eogammarusspp
Gammaridea(unid)
3
3
3
Harpacticoida (unid)
3
Cancer spp (larvae)
2
3
Cancer app (larvae)
Epilabidocera amphltntes
3
Epilabidoceraspp
Insecta (drift)
3
Insectaterrestria l(unld.)
2_
3
Scoloidea (unid.)
rig Invertebrates, Neustonic
n/a
2
1
FeedingS Invertebrates, Pelagic
Acartia calilorniens,s
4
3
4
Acartia clausi
3
3. 3
3
3,3
3
Calanolda (unid)
2
3
3
3
3
Ca lluanassacalifom.Qarvae)
i_i
__
1___.
I
Cancer app. (megalops)
—
3
Copepoda (unld.)
3
3
4
3
Corycaeus anghcus
2
2
2
Corycaeus app.
3
Daphnia
3. 3
2
2
Decapoda(larvae)
3
2.2
3
1
Euphausia paclfica
3
2
3
3
Euphausiacea (unid.)
3
2, 2,
2, 2.
3
2
2, 3
(cont’d)
3
Eurytemora aftinis
3
4
3
4
Hyperiidea (unid)
—
3
3
1
—
2
1
Insecta (larvae)
i
2, 3
2
3, 3
Lohgo opalescens
3
Mysidacea (unld)
2
3. 3
4
3. 3
Natantia (unid)
3
Octopus app
Olkopleura app
2
2
O thona similis
.
3
B-31

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS WATER COLUMN
Parathemusto pacifuca
chs
1
cks
cms
2
cog
corn
a
dcc
s
m 9
noa
osp
pah
phk phs
psa
2_
al
m
Pseudocalanus mlnulus
3
Pseudocalanusspp.
3
3,3
3
3
2
L3
23
Feedng:Vertebrates .Demersal
3
3
3
Leptocottus armatus
Microgadusproximus
2.3
Platichthysstellatus
Pleuronectidea (unid.)
Porichthys notatus
Teleostei,benthic(unud)
4
4
3
3
4
—
—
—
t_
Theragra chalcogramma
ng: Vertebrates. Water Column
Ailosmerus elongatus
..._..
Ammodytes hexapterus
1.3.
1, 2.
3
3
(cont’d)
3
lupea harengus paIIas
4
2, 3,
2. 3,
1
4
3
4
4
4
4
2, 4
3
4
(cont’d)
4
4
Ccttudae (unid)
C T atogaster aggregate
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
4
Engraulis morda c
3
2. 3. 3
Gasterosteus aculeatus
3
3
Gonatudae (unid.)
Hypomesus pretiosus
3
Lampetra trldentatus
2
I codopsis pacifica
j•
MaUotus villosus
—
Mertuccius productus
3
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry
3
3
Oncorhynchus keta (fry)
3
3
Oncorhynchus spp
1
Oncorhynchus app (fry)
4
4
4
4
3, 3
4
4
4
4
3
arophyrs vetulus
2
Scorpaenudae (unid.)
Sebastes app.
lrinchus thaleichthys
3
2
eleosteu (larvae)
3
Thaleuchthys pacificus
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
3
3 3
4
Thaieuchthys pacthcus
n/a
2
2
2
Reluge/ Physiology Biological Corn
plext
‘,Emergent
Vasc
Plants
Phrapmltes app.
Scirpusspp.
Typhaspp.
Reluge/ Physiology General, Salintty
In/a
.2
-2
.2
-2
-2
-2
Refuge/Physiology General, Temperatur
e
In/a
-3, 3
-3, 3
.3, 3
.3 3
Reluqe/Physiology General, Ught
.
<2-13
2
2
n/a 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8-32

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS: WATER COLUMN
I Ibfh chs
cks
cms
cog
corn
csa
dcc
gdw
Us
mwg
noa
cap
pah
phk
phs
psa
p
rbm
Refuge/Physiology- General, Sound
n/a 14
4
—
4
4
4
4
Refuge/Physiology’ General, Water/Sediment Ouality
In/a 13 ‘
3
3
- 3
3
Refuge/PhysIology General, Turbidity
In/a I
Ref uqe/Physlology. Physical Complexrty, Bathrnetrlc Features
fn/a I I i
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complezrty. Honzontal Edges
In/a I I I I
Rge/Physiology: Physical Complexrty. Vertical Relief
In/a I I i
Refuge Physiology. PhysicalComplexity, Water Movement
n/a
ReprOductjon ,Bevatjon,lntertjdap
n/a
Reproduction Elevation Rpanan
In/a
Reproduction Elevation, Subtidal
n/a
Reproduction General, SaJinrry
polyhaline
3
n/a
2
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment
Quahty
tn/a
Reproduction Substrate, Emergent Vasc
Plants
Distichlisspp
Scirpus app
Ilyphaspp
Reproduction’ Substrate, Macro Alp
ae
Ulva spp
3
Zostera marina
3
Zostera app
n/a
4
Reproduction. Substrate, Rpanan Vegetation
-
n/a [
3
3
-
oduction:Substrate,Sedirnent
gravel
Zostera manna
3
33

-------
MATRIX II RESULTS: WATER COLUMN
r
Feeding General, Detritus
In/a
Feeding: General, Temperature
n/a
(cont ’d)
Feeding: General, Ught
n/a
4
4
4
Feeding. General, Sound
fn/a
—
4
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment
In/a
Quality
.33
3
3
Feeding: General, Turbidity
— —
lOw
Ja
Feed rig: Invertebrates, Epibenthic
-3-2
4
.3
Calanoida (unid)
Cancer magister
Corophium pp
Crangon franciscorum
Decapoda (unid)
Eogarnmarus spp.
Gammaridea (unid)
1 -larpacticoida (unid)
Cancer spp. (larvae)
Cancer app (larvae)
Epilabudocera amphutrutes
Epilabidocera spp.
Insecta (drift)
Insecta. terrestrial (unid)
Scoloidea(unid)
Feed,ng Invertebrates, Neustonic
2
[ n/a
2
eedinq: Invertebrates, Pelagic
—
Acartia califomiensis
Acartia clausi
3
3
Calanoida (unid)
3
1.__
Callianassa californ (larvae)
1,3
Cancer app. (megalops)
Copepoda (unid)
Corycaeus anglicus
Corycaeus app.
3
Daphnua app
DecapodaQarvae)
2
2,3
uphausia pacifica
—
— —
2
Euphausiacea (unid.)
3
(cont’d)
—
Eurytemora affinis
—
3
—
Hyperiidea(unid.)
nsecta (larvae) 2
1
Loligo opalescens
Mysidacea (unid)
—
Natantia (unid)
3
—
Octopusspp
2
—
Oukopleura spp
— —
2
Oithona similis
—
—
—
8-34

-------
MATRIX U RESULTS. WATER COLUMN
Parathemisto pacifica
M
s s
shi
ssc
ssl
tss
wbl
wgr
Pseu ocaIanus minutus
Pseudocalanus spp
n /a
3
3
Feed ng Vertebrates, Demersai
Cottidae (unid)
3
3, 3
Gadus maci-ocephalus
Leptocottus ari-natus
Lumpenus sagitta
Microgadus proximus
Platichthysstellatus
Pleuronectidea (unid.)
Porichthys notatus
Teleostei, benthic (unid.)
4
Theragra chatcogramma
—
—
Feeding Vertebrates, Water Colum
n
AJiosmerus etongatus
1
knmodytes hexapterus
1_
3
(cont’d)
1upea harengus pailasi
3,4
3.4
2,4
3
3.3
cont’d)
Cottidae (unid)
Cyrnatogaster aggregate
4
4
4
4
3. 4
Engraubs morda.x
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Gonatidae (unid.)
3
Hypomesus pretiosus
Lampetra tridentatus
Lycodopsis pacifica
2
Mailotus viliosus
Merluccius productus
Oncorhynchus gorbusoha (fry)
3
Oncorhynchus keta (fry)
Oncorhynchus spp
2,4
Oncorhynchus spp (fry)
4
4
4
Parophyrs vetulus
Scorpaenidae (unid)
Sebastes spp.
3
Spirinchus thaieichthys
Teleosiep Oarvae)
Thaieichthys paclficus 4
4
4
4
Thaielchthys pacificus
n/a
R1uge/Phy ology Biotoglcai Corn
plexily
, Erne
rgen
Vasc
Plants
Phragmites app
3
Scirpus app
3
Typhaspp.
Refuge/PhysioIogy Generai, SaJin ty
3
In/a j
uge/PhysloIogy Generai. Tempe
rehire
In/a
•a3
Refuge/Phy&oIogy ’ Generai, Light
—
<2-13
n/a
4
4
4
8-35

-------
MATRIX It RESULTS WATER COLUMN
I Irv
isis sM
Jssc
sal
tas
w
wgr
Refuge/Physlology General, Sound
In/a I
L__...
4 I_
—
L
—
—
—
—
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Seth
In/a I
ment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
-
In/a
Ree/Pt ysaoIogy: Physical Complexity, Bathyiiletrlc Features
In/a I I I I
—
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
In/a I I I I
—
I_
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Verttcai Relief L
In/a I I I I J
-
RgefPhyslology: Physicai Complexity, Water Movement —
In/a
3
Reproduction: Eievatlon, Intertidal
In/a
—
3
—
Reproduction: Elevation, Rparlaj,
In/a
4
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidai
In/a
1
Reproduction General, Salinity
po yhaJine
n/a
-
3
-
Reproduction: General, Water/Seth
ment Quality
In/a
Reproduction: Substrate, Emergent
Vasc
Plants
Distichlis spp.
3
Scirpus spp.
3
Typha app.
3
Rep
roduction Substrate, Macro Jg
ae
Ulva app.
Zostera marina
Zostera app
n/a
Reproduction. Substrate, Riparuan /egetation
In/a I
4
Reproduction: Substrate, Sediment
gravel
3
Zostera marina
B-38

-------
SUPPLEMENT 3. SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following bibliographic references are the results of a literature search designed to
compliment and enhance the results of Matrix II. References were obtained primarily through the use
of a computerized technical literature data base system (Compact Cambridge Aquatic Sciences and
Fisheries Abstracts and Life Science Collection) using common and Latin names of assemblage species
as search items. The Compact Cambridge systems do not list references published prior to 1975
Abstracts of papers were read to dcicrmine relevance to the project. Those references that reported
on fish and wildlife relationships to cstuarine habitats were added to the Protocol Data Base and used
to supplement the list of atiribuics obtained in the Matrix II process.
These results are reported in this appendix, sorted by the common name of the assemblage
species to which the reference pertains Furthermore, the habitat function associated with the paper is
also listed following the reference. Format of the computerized retrieval did not allow for use of the
standardized bibliographic style utilized in the rest of the Protocol

-------
AMERICAN WIGEON
Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program.
1984.
Feeding: In’ertebrates, Neustonic Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular.
Vermeer-K Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habits of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal
area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60.
Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular Feeding: Plants, Macro Algae.
BAY PIPEFISH
Simenstad-CA; Miler-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-U. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
BLACK BRANT
Nettleship-DN; Sanger-GA; Springer-PF(eds). Feeding ecology of black brant on the North Slope of
Alaska. MARINE BIRDS: THEIR FEEDING ECOLOGY AND COMMERCIAL
FISHERIES RELATIONSHIPS., 1984., pp. 40-48.
Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular.
Smith-LM; Vangilder -LD; Kennamer-RA. Foods of wintering brant in eastern North America. J.
FIELD ORNITHOL., 1985., vol. 56, no.3, pp. 286-288.
Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular.
BUFFALO SCULPIN
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding Plants. Macro Algae.
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Plants, Macro Algae; Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
CANADA GOOSE
Bazely-DR; Jefferies-RL. Goose faeces: A source of nitrogen for plant growth in a grazed salt marsh. J.
APPL. ECOL., 1985., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 693-703.
Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular.
Buchsbaum-R; Valiela-I. Variability in the chemistry of estuarine plants and its effect on feeding by
Canada geese. OECOLOGIA., 1987., vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 146-153.
Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular. Feeding: Plants. Submergent Vascular.
C-2

-------
Casey-D; Wood-M. Effects of water levels on productivity of Canada geese in the Northern Elathead
Valley. Annual report 1984. 1985., 63 pp.
Rcproduction Eievation, Ripanan
Dunn-EH; Maclnnes-CD. Geographic variation in dutch size and body size of Canada geese. J.
FIELD ORNITHOL., 1987., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 355-371.
Reproduction. General, Temperature
Prevett-JP; Marshall-IF; Thomas-VG. Spring foods of snow and Canada geese at James Bay. J.
WILDL. MANAGE., 1985., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 558-563.
Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular
Sedinger-JS; Raveling-DG. Timing of nesting by Canada geese in relation to the phenology and
availability of their food plants. J. ANIM. ECOL., 1986., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1083-1102.
Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular
Thomas.VG, Prevett-JP. The roles of the James and Hudson Bay lowland in the annual cycle of geese.
NAT. CAN., 1982., vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 913-925.
Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular
CHINOOK SALMON
Anderson-EP. Use by juvenile chinook salmon of artificial habita& constructed from dredged material
in the Campbell River Estuary. CAN. CONTRACF. REP. HYDROGR. OCEAN SC!., 1985.,
no. 20, pp. 4-15.
Refuge/Physiology- Physical Complexity, Bathymctnc Features
Beacbani-TD. Type, quantity, and size of food of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) in the Strait of Juan
de Fuca, British Columbia. FISH. BULL., 1986., vol 84, no. 1, pp. 77-90.
Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column, Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic
Birtwell-1K Greer.GL; Nassichuk-MD; Rogers-lH. Studies on the impact of municipal sewage
discharged onto an intertidal area within the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia CAN
TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1170, 1983., 64 pp.
Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality
Birtwell-LK; Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass
River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no.
1799, 1984., 58 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic
Black-EA; Low-Ci. Cienophores in salmon diets. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1983., vol. 112, no 5, pp.
728-730.
Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic
Bottom-DL. The carrying capacity of Sixes Estuary for fall chinook salmon. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol.
4, no. 3, p. 247.
Feeding- Genera!, Temperature
Brett.JR; Charke-WC; Shelbourn-JE. Experiments on thermal requirements for growth and food
conversion efficiency of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha . CAN. TECH.
REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1127, 1982., 33 pp.
Feeding- General, Temperature
C-3

-------
Brownlee-MJ; Mattice-ER; Levings-CD. The Campbell River Estuary: A report on the design,
construction and preliminary follow-up study findings of intertidal marsh islands created for
purposes of estuarixie rehabilitation. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1789,
1984., 63 pp.
Rfue/Physiolo Phystcal Complexity, Bathymetric Features.
Congleton-JL; Smith-JE. Interactions between juvenile salmon and benthic invertebrates in the Skagit
salt marsh in C. A. Simenstad and S. J. Lipovsky (eds.), Proc. Fish Food Habits Studies; 1st
Pac. NW Tech., Oct. 1976, Workshop, Astoria, Ore., Wash. Sea Grant PubI. WSG-WO 77-2,
Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1977
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic, Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcrnhic.
Emmeu.RL; Miller-DR; Blahm-TH. Food of juvenile chinook, Oncorh chus tshawytscha , and coho,
0. kisutch , salmon off the northern Oregon and southern Washington coasts, May-September
1980. CALIF. FISH GAME., 1986., voL 72, no. 1, pp. 38-46.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
English-KK. Predator-prey relationships for juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha,
feeding on zooplankton in ‘in situ enclosures. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1983., vol. 40, no.
3, pp. 287-297.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Pelagic
Finlayson-BJ; Verrue-KM. Toxicities of butoxyethanol ester and propylene glycol butyl ether ester
formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) to juvenile salmonids. ARCH.
ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1985., vol. 14, no.2, pp. 153-160.
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Finlayson-BJ; Verrue-KM. Toxicities of copper, zinc, and cadmium mixtures to juvenile chinook
salmon. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1982., vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 645-650.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., CoIl Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Hanson-CH; Jacobson-E. Orientation of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and
bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, to low water velocities under high and low light levels. CALIF.
FISH GAME., 1985., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 110-113.
Refuge/Physiology General, Light; Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Waler Movement.
Healey.MC. Juvenile Pacific salmon in estuaries: The life support system. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4,
no. 3, p. 285.
Feeding: Invertebrates., Bcnthic, Feeding- General, Detritus; Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric
Features.
Karpenko-VI. Biological characteristics of young coho sockeye and chinook salmon in the coastal
waters of the eastern Kamchatka. BIOL MORYA., 1982., no. 6, pp. 33-41.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Kjelson-MA; Raquel-PF. The life history of fall run juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha, in the Sacramento-San .Joaquin Estuary of California. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol.
4, no. 3, p. 285.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Water Movement
C-4

-------
Kruzynski-GM; Birtwell-IK; Rogers-IH. Studies on chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and
municipal waste from the lona Island sewage treatment plant, Vancouver. ABSTRACTS OF
PAPERS PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AQUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP,
RICHMOND, B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (up).
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality; Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
Levings-CD. Juvenile salmonid use of habitats altered by a coal port in the Fraser River estuary, British
Columbia. MAR. POLLUT. BULL., 1985., vol. 16, no.6, pp. 248-254.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features.
Levings-CD. Short term use of a low tide refuge in a sandflat by juvenile chinook (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha ), Fraser River Estuary. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1111,
1982., 37 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement. Refuge/Physiology
Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Levings-CD. Short term use of a low tide refuge in a sandflat by juvenile chinook, (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha), Fraser River Estuary Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 111, Dept. Fish. Oceans,
West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1982. 33 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding- Invertebrates. Pelagic
Levings -CD; McAllister-CD; Change-BD. Differential use of the Campbell River Estuary, British
Columbia, by wild and hatchery-reared juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1986., vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1386-1397.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Vertical Relief.
Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British
Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salinonids Fish. Mar.
Serv. Manuscript Rep. 1475, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Fish utilization of Fraser estuary marshes. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3,
p. 263.
RefugcfFhysiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement, Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric
Features
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile salmon residency in a marsh area of the Fraser River Estuary Can
J. Fish. Aquat. Sci 39:270-276.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features.
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile Salmon Residency in a Marsh Area of the Fraser River Estuary.
CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1982., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 270-276.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features, Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water
Movement.
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. But. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding- Vertebrates. Water Column, Feeding- Invertebrates, Neustonic, Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthuc
Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Pelagic, Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibcnthic
C-5

-------
MacDonald-iS; Birtwell- 1K Kruzunski-GM. Food and Habitat Utilization by Juvenile Salmonids in the
Campbell River Estuary Can. J. Fish Aquat. ScL, Vol. 44, 1987, pp. 1233-1246.
Feeding: liwertebrates, Epibenthic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Water
Movement; Refuge/Physiology’. General. Temperature; Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity.
McCabe-GT,Jr; Coley-TC; Emmeu.RL; Muir-WD; Durkin. The effects of the eruption of Mt. St.
Helens on fishes in the Columbia River Estuary ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 247.
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality.
McCabe-Gt,Jr; Emmett-RL Muir-WD; Blahm-TH. Utilization of the Columbia River estuary by
subyearling chinook salmon. NORTHWEST SCL, 1986., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 113-124.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic; Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Patlan-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the
Duwamish Estuary Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries
Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 42 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding Invertebrates, Neusionic.
Myers-KW; Horton-HF. Temporal use of an Oregon estuary by hatchery and wild juvenile salmon.
ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 286.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. flathymetnc Features.
Pearce-TA; Meyer-iA; Boomer-RS. Distribution and food habits of juvenile salmon in the Nisqually
estuary, Washington, 1979-1980 U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Fish. Assist. Off., Olympia, WA.
1982. 77 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustonic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthir, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic
Peterson-Wi’; Brodeur-RD; Pearcy-WG. Food habits of juvenile salmon in the Oregon coastal zone,
June 1979. FISH. BULL., 1982., vol. 80, no. 4, pp 841-851.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Poston-TM; Neitzel-DA; Abernethy-cS; Carlile-DW. Effects of suspended volcanic ash and thermal
shock on susceptibility of juvenile salmonids to disease. 1984., 34 pp.
Refuge/Physiology’ General, Temperature; Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality
Reimers-PE. The length of residence of juvenile fall chinook salmon in Sixes River, Oregon Res. Rep.
Fish Comm. Ore. 4:1-43.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic; Refuge/Physiology ’ General, Temperature.
Russell-LR; Conlin-KR; Johansen-OK; Orr-U. Chinook salmon studies in the Nechako River: 1980,
1981, 1982. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT.SCI., no. 1728, 1 83., 197 pp.
Refuge/Physuology Physical Complexity, Waler Movement.
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
C-6

-------
Thom-R; Albrigbt-R; Siinenstad-CA; Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. J. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton
Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-UW- 8413, Fish.
Res. Inst.., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se
Feeding- Invertebrates. Epubenthic
Weitkamp-DE; Schadt.TH. 1980 Juvenile salmonid study Doc. 82-0415-012F to Port Seattle,
Parametrix, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 1982.43 pp + append.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibcnthic Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic
CHUM SALMON
Congleton-JL. Feeding patterns of juvenile chum salmon in the Skagit River salt marsh. in S. i.
Lipovsky and C. A. Simenstad (eds.), Proc. GUTSHOP’78, Second Pac. NW Tech. Workshop
Fish Food Habits Studies, Oct. 1978, Lake Wilderness Conf. Center, Maple Valley, Wash.,
Wash. Sea Grant Pu
Feeding- Invertebrates. Ncustonic Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic
Congleton-JL; Smith-JE. Interactions between juvenile salmon and bent hic invertebrates in the Skagit
salt marsh in C. A. Simenstad and S. J. Lipovsky (eds.), Proc. Fish Food Habits Studies; 1st
Pac. NW Tech., Oct. 1976, Workshop, Astoria, Ore., Wash. Sea Grant PubI. WSG-WO 77-2,
Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1977
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic
Cooney-RT; Urquhart-D; Bernard-D. The Behavior, Feeding Biology, and Growth of Hatchery
Released Pink and Chum Salmon Fry in Prince William Sound, Alaska. ALASKA SEA
GRANT REP. ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM ALASKA UNIV., ALASKA SEA
GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM FAIRBANKS, AK (USA), 1981., 121 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Neustonic Feeding- Invertebrates. Benthic
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic
Healey-MC. Juvenile Pacific salmon in estuaries: The life support system. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4,
no. 3, p. 285.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Bcnthic Feeding- General. Detnius, Rcfugc/Physiolo r Phyxical Complexity, Bathymernc
Features.
Healy-MC. Detritus and juvenile salmon production in the Nanaimo estuary I. Production and feeding
rates of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) 3. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36:488-4%.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Inc-I; Nakamura-K. Ecological studies on juvenile chum and pink salmon in their early marine life. 4.
The residence and growth of juvenile chum salmon in small harbours of eastern Hokkaido.
BULL. HOKKAIDO REG. FISH. RES. LAB./HOKUSUIKEN HOKOKU., 1985., no. 50,
pp. 13-25.
Re(uge/Phyxiology General, Light
Iwata.M; Komatsu-S. Importance of estuarine residence for adaptation of chum salmon
(Oncorhynchus keta ) fry to seawater. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., 1984., vol. 41, no. 5, pp.
744-749.
RetugefPhys lolo2j General. Salinity
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Kaev-AM. Ecology and abundance of the chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) (Salmonidae)
during the early sea life period. VOPR. IKHTIOL ,, 1983., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 724-734.
Refuge/Physiolo General, Temperature; Rcfugc/PhyxioIo Physical Complexity, Water Movement.
Karpenko-VI. Diurnal feeding rhythm of young salmon during the initial stage of marine life. J.
ICHTHYOL., 1982., vol. 22, no.2, pp. 131-134.
Feeding: General. Temperature; Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement.
Karpenko-VI. Diurnal feeding rhythm of young salmons during the early marine period. VOPR..
IKHTIOL., 1982., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 323-325.
Feeding: General, Temperature.
Karpenko-VI. Food Supply and Feeding of Young Pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) and
Chum Oncorhychus keta (Walbaum) Salmons in the Coastal Waters of the Karaginsk Bay of
the Bering Sea. VOPR. IKHTIOL., 1981., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 675-686.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Bcnthic
Kayev-AM. Factors influencing survival of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Salmonidae), during the
early marine period. J. ICHTHYOL., 1983., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 7-17
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthic.
Koshiishi-Y. Effect of salinity on food intake, growth and feed efficiency of chum salmon,
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), and ayu, Plecoglossus alcivelis Temminck et Schlegel. BULL.
JAPAN SEA REG. FISH. RES. LAB./NISSUIKEN HOKOKU., 1986., no. 36, pp. 1-14.
Feeding: General, Salinity, Refuge/Physiolomj General, Salinity.
Levings-CD. Feeding ecology of juvenile salmonids at three contrasting habitats at the Freser River
Estuary, B.C. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 243.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pclagic. Feeding: Plants, Submcrgeni Vascular
Levings-CD; Foreman-RE; Tunnicliffe-Vi. Review of the benthos of the Strait of Georgia and
contiguous fjords. CAt’1. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1983., vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1120.1141.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic, Re1uge/Physiolo - Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Levy-DA. Chum salmon in a tidal creek of the Squamish River Estuary, B. C. in S. J. Lipovsky and C.
A. Simenstad (eds.), Proc. GUTSHOF78, Second Pac. NW Tech. Workshop Fish Food Habits
Studies, Oct. 1978, Lake Wilderness Conf. Center, Maple Valley, Wash., Wash. Sea Grant Pu
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnihic
Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British
Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salmonids Fish. Mar.
Serv. Manuscript Rep. 1475, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile salmon residency in a marsh area of the Fraser River Estuary Can.
J. Fish. Aquat. Sd. 39:270-276.
Rcfuge/Physiolo - Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features.
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile Salmon Residency in a Marsh Area of the Fraser River Estuary.
CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1982., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 270-276.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Waler Movement
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Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Wcstwat. Rcs. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthiq Feeding- Invertebrates, Neustonic
Maims-DC; Hidgins-HO; McCain-BB; Weber-DD; Varanasi-U; Brown-DW. Sublethal effects of
petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals, including biotransformations, as reflected by
morphological, chemical, physiological, pathological, and behavioral indices.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AlASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE YEAR ENDING
MARCH 1980. VOLUME 3: EFFECTS, CONTAMINANT BASELINES., NOAA/OMPA,
BOULDER, CO (
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Maims-DC; Hidgins-HO; McCain.BB; Weber-DD; Varanasi-U; Brown-DW. Sublethal effects of
petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals, including biotransformations, as reflected by
morphological, chemical, physiological, pathological, and behavioral indices.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE YEAR ENDING
MARCH 1980. VOLUME 3: EFFECTS, CONTAMINANT BASELINES., NOAA/OMPA,
BOULDER, CO.
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Mason-iC. Behavioral ecology of chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta) in a small estuary J. Fish. Res.
Board Can. 31:83-92.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthiq Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic, Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity.
Water Movement
Melteff-BR; Neve-RA(eds). Foraging success as a determinant of estua ine and nearshore carrying
capacity of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta ) in Hood Canal, Washington.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC AQUACULTURE SYMPOSIUM., ALASKA
SEA GRANT REP. ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM ALASKA UNIV., 1982., pp. 21-37.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic, Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic
Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Patlan-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonid.s in the
Duwami.sh Estuary, Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries
Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington. 42 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagiq Feeding Invertebratca, Neustonic.
Pearce-TA; Meyer-JA; Boomer-RS. Distribution and food habits of juvenile salmon in the Nisqually
estuary, Washington, 1979-1980 US. Fish Wildlife Service, Fish. Assist. Off., Olympia, WA.
1982. 77 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthtc Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic.
Peterson-WT; Brodeur-RD; Pearcy-WG. Food habits of juvenile salmon in the Oregon coastal zone,
June 1979. FISH. BULL, 1982., vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 841-851.
Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic
Prinslow-TE; Whitmus-CJ; Dawson-JJ; Bax-NJ; Snyder-BP; Salo-EO. Effects of wharf lighting on
outmigrating salmon, 1979 Fin. Rep. FRI-U W-8007, Fish. Res. Inst., CoIl. Fish., Univ. Wash.,
Seattle, WA. 1980. 137 pp.
Feeding General, Light; Refuge/Physiology General, Light
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Shuntov-VP(ed). Distribution and Some Biological Features of Young Pink and Chum Salmons in the
Inshore Waters of Iturup Island. (BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE KUROSHIO AND
ADJACENT WATERS.)., IZV. TINRO., 1980., vol. 104, TINRO, VLADIVOSTOK (USSR),
1980., pp. 116-121.
Refuge/Physiolo ’ General. Temperature. Refuge/PhysioIo General. Salinity.
Simenstad-CA. Prey organisms and prey community composition of juvenile salmonids in Hood Canal,
Washington. in C. A. Simenstad and S. J. Lipovsky (eds.), Proc. Fish Food Habits Studies; 1st
Pac. NW Tech., Oct. 1976, Workshop, Astoria, Ore., Wash. Sea Grant Pubi. WSG-WO 77-2,
Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1977.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnlhic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Simenstad-CA; Cordell-JR; Wissmar-RC; Fresh-KL; Schroder-SL Carr-M; Sanborn-G; Burg-ME.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic
crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI-UW-
8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibetuhic.
Simenstad-CA; Kinney-Wi. Trophic relationships of outmigrating chum salmon in Hood Canal,
Washington, 1977 Fin. Rep. FRI-U W-7810, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. 1978. 75 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthiq Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic
Simenscad-CA; Kinney-Wi; Parker-SS; Salo-EO; Cordell-JR; Buechner-H. Prey community structure
and trophic ecology of outmigrating juvenile chum and pink salmon in Hood Canal,
Washington: A synthesis of three years studies, 1977-1979 Fin. Rep. FRI-UW-8026, Fish. Res.
Inst., Coil. Fish., Uniw. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1980. 113 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibcnihic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79.259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibcnthic
Stockner-JG; Levings-CD(ed). Biological reconnaissance of Yakoun River estuary, Queen Charlotte
Islands, and results of a trial fertilization with urea. CAN. TECH. REP FISH. AQUAT. SCI.,
no. 1132, 1982., 127 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic.
Terazaki-M; Iwata-M. Feeding habits of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta collected from Otsuchi Bay.
BULL. JAP. SOC. SCI. F1SH./NISSUISHI., 1983., vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1187-1193.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Tutty-BD; Raymond-BA; Conlin-K. Estuarine restoration and salmonid utilization of a previously
dyked slough in the Englishman River Estuary, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. CAN.
MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., no. 1689, 1983., S8 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenchic.
Weitkamp-DE; Schadt-TH. 1980 Juvenile salmonid study Doc. 82-0415-012F to Port Seattle,
Parametrix, Inc., Bcllevue, WA. 1982. 43 pp + append.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic; Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic.
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COHO SALMON
Berg-L; Northcote-TG. Changes in territorial 1 gill-flaring, and feeding behavior in juvenile coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) following short-term pulses of suspended sediment. CAN. J. FISH.
AQUAT. Sd., 1985., vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1410-1417.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Oualit Refuge/Phys ology General. Turbidity
Birtwell-LK Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass
River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no.
1799, 1984., 58 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic
Bisson-PA; Bilby-RE. Avoidance of suspended sediment by juvenile coho salmon. N. AM. J. FISH.
MANAGE., 1982., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 371-374.
Refuge/Physiolo General, Turbidity
Brownlee-MJ; Mattice-ER; Levings-CD. The Campbell River Estuary A report on the design,
construction and preliminary follow-up study findings of intertidal marsh islands created for
purposes of estuarine rehabilitation. CAN MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1789,
1984., 63 pp.
Rc(ugc/Physiolo r Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column
Buckley-iA. Complexation of copper in the effluent of a sewage treatment plant and an estimate of its
influence on toxicity to coho salmon. WATER RES., 1983., vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1929-1934.
R.eFugcfPhysiolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality
Chebanova-VV. The role of invertebrate drift in the feeding of young coho salmon, Oncorhynchus
kisutch (Salznonidae), in the Xarymayskiy River (Bolshaya River basin, western Kamchatka).
3. ICHTHYOL., 1983., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 70-78.
Feeding: hiverlebrates, Benthir, Feeding: invertebrates, Neustonic
Crouse-MR; Callahan-CA; Malueg-KW; Doninguez-SE. Effects of fine sediments on growth of
juvenile coho salmon in laboratory streams. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1981., vol. 110, no. 2,
pp. 281-286.
Re(ugefPhysiology: General, Water/Sediment Qualit>-, Refuge/Physiology General. Turbidity
Dill-LM; Ydenberg-RC; Fraser-AHG. Food Abundance and Territory Size in Juvenile Coho Salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch ). CAN. 3. ZOOL., 1981., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 1801-1809.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthir, Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustonic
Dolloff-CA. Effects of stream cleaning on juvenile coho Salmon and Dolly Varden in southeast Alaska.
TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1986., vol. 115, no. 5, pp. 743-755.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features.
Durkin-JT. Behavior of coho salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) in the Columbia River and its
estuary. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no.3, p. 286.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief. Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic. Feeding: Invertebrates,
Neustonie.
Emmett-RL; Miller.DR; Blahm-TH. Food of juvenile chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha , and coho,
0. kisutch , salmon off the northern Oregon and southern Washington coasts, May-September
1980. CALIF. FISH GAME., 1986., vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 38-46.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pcla c Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
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Folmar-LC; Craddock-DR; Blackweil-JW; Joyce-G; Hodgins-HO. Effects of Petroleum Exposure on
Predatory Behavior of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ). BULL. ENVIRON.
CONTAM. TOXICOL, 1981., vol. 27, no.4, pp.458-46 2 .
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Fresh-KL Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978.229 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Fujiwara-M; Oohashi-T; Ikuta ”T. The relationships between the spawning, seaward migration of
natural chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, and the water temperature in its southern range.
BULL. KYOTO INST. OCEAN. FISH. SCI./KYOTO KAIYO SENTA KENPO., 1983., no.
7, pp. 1-8.
Reproduction General. Temperature. Rcfugc/Physiolo General. Temperature
Giguere-LA; Northcote-TG. Ingested prey increase risks of visual predation in transparent Chaoborus
larvae. OECOLOGIA.. 1987., vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 48-52.
Feeding: Invertebrates. \euuornc
Glova-Gi. Interaction for food arid space between experimental populations of juvenile coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and coastal cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in a laboratory stream.
HYDROBIOLOGIA., 1986., vol. 131, no.2, pp. 155-168.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Fcatures ReFuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Water
Movement, Reluge/Physiology General, Temperature.
Glova-Gi. Management implications of the distribution and diet of sympatric populations of juvenile
coho salmon and coastal cutthroat trout in small streams in British Columbia, Canada. PROG.
FISH-CULT., 1984.. vol 46, no. 4, pp. 269-277.
Feeding: Invertebrates, t’.eustonic. Relugc/Physiology Physical Complexiiy. l3athymetnc Features
Hargeaves.N ’B; LeBrasseur-Ri. Size selectivity of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) preying on juvenile
chum (0. keta ) salmon. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1986., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 581-586.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Hargreaves-NB; Lebrasseur-RJ. Species selective predation on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
) and chum salmon (0. keta ) by coho salmon (0. kisutch ). CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!.,
1985., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 659-668.
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column
Healey-MC. Juvenile Pacific salmon in estuaries: The life support system. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4,
no. 3, p. 285.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features; Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthtc Feeding: General,
Deintus.
Irie-T. Ecology of Japanese chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in their early marine life. BULL. JAP.
SOC. FISH. OCEANOGR./SUISAN KAIYO KENKYUKA!HO., 1984., no. 45, pp. 55-60.
Refuge/Physiology General Salinity Re1uge/Physiolo General. Temperature
Johnson-il-I; Johnson-EZ. Feeding Periodicity and Did Variation in Diet Composition of Subyearling
Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Steelhead, Salmo gairdneri , in a Small Stream
During Summer. FISH. BULL., 1981., vol. 79, no. 2, p. 370-376.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Neustonic
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Karpenko-VI. Biological characteristics of young coho sockeye and chinook salmon in the coastal
waters of the eastern Kamchatka. BIOL MORYA., 1982., no. 6, pp. 33-41.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Karpenko-VI. Biological peculiarities of juvenile coho, sockeye, and chinook salmon in coastal waters
of east Kamchatka. SOy. .1. MAR. BIOL, 1983.. vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 3 17-324.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Karpenko-VI; Piskunova-LV. Importance of macroplankton in the diet of young salmons of genus
Oncorhynchus (Salmonidae) and their trophic relationships in the southwestern Bering Sea. J.
ICHTHYOL, 1984., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 98-106.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic
Karpenko-VI; Piskunova-LV. On the role of macroplankton in the feeding and trophic relationships in
young salmons from the genus Oncorhynchus (Salmonidae) from the southwestern Bering
Sea. VOPR. IHKTIOL., 1984., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 759-766.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthir. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagir. Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Kehoe-DM. Effects of Grays Harbor Estuary sediment on the osmoregulatory ability of coho salmon
smolts (Oncorhynchus kisutch ). BULL. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1983., vol. 30,
no. 5, pp. 522-529.
Rcruge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Kehoe-DM. The effects of Grays Harbor estuary sediment on the osmoregulatory ability of coho
salmon smolts, Oncorhynchus kisutch. USACE, SEATrLE, WA (USA), 1982., 30 pp.
Refuge/Physiolo r. General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Koshiishi-Y. Growth of juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, reared in tanks supplied sea water
in relation to food consumption, salinity and dietary protein content. BULL. JAP. SEA REG.
FISH. RES. LAB., 1980., no. 31., pp. 41-55.
Feeding: General, Temperature, Feeding: General. Salinity
Levings-CD. Juvenile salmonid use of habitats altered by a coal port in the Fraser River estuary, British
Columbia. MAR. POLLUT. BULL., 1985., vol. 16, no.6, pp. 248-254.
Re(ugcfPhysiolo Physical Complexity. Bathymeinc Features.
Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British
Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salmonids Fish. Mar.
Serv. Manuscript Rep. 1475, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
MacDonald-iS; Birtwell-IK; Kruzunski-GM. Food and Habitat Utilization by Juvenile Salmonids in the
Campbell River Estuary Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sd., Vol. 44, 1987, pp. 1233-1246.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water
Mavement; R ugefPhyssology General, Temperature, Ralugeffhysiology General, Salinity
Mace-PM. Bird predation on juvenile salmonids in the Big Qualicum Estuary, Vancouver Island. CAN.
TECH. REP. AQUAT. Sd., no. 1176,1983., 89 pp.
RefugcfPhyaiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement.
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Melteff-BR; Neve-RA(e ls). The distribution and residency of juvenile Pacific salmon in the Strait of
Georgia, British Columbia, in relation to foraging success. PROCEEDINGS OF THE
NORTH PACIFIC AQUACULTURE SYMPOSIUM., ALASKA SEA GRANT REP.
ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM ALASKA UNIV., 1982., pp. 61-69.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column; Refuge/Physiolo Physical Complexity, Bathymetnc Features.
Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Pallin-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the
Duwamish Estuary, Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries
Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington. ‘12 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic: Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic: Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustonic.
Meyers-KW. Comparative analysis of stomach contents of cultured and wild juvenile salmonids in
Yaquina Bay, Oregon in S. 3. Lipovsky and C. A. Simenstad (eds.), Proc. GUTSHOP18,
Second Pac. NW Tech. Workshop Fish Food Habits Studies, Oct. 1978, Lake Wilderness Conf.
Center, Maple Valley, Wash., Wash. Sea Grant Pu
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthir. Feeding: Vertebrates, Demcrsal.
Mitchell-DG; Morgan-3D; Cronin-JL; Cobb-DA; Vigers-GA; Chapman-PM. Acute lethal marine
bioassay studies for the U.S. Borax Quartz Hill Project. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS
PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AOUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND,
B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (np).
Re1uge/Physiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Micchell-DG; Morgan-3D; Vigers-GA; Chapman-PM. Acute toxicity of mine tailings to four marine
species. MAR. FOLLUT. BULL., 1985., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 450-454.
RcIuge/Physuolo2J General. Water/Sediment Quality
Munday-DR; Ennis-GL; Wright-DG; Jeffries-DC; McGreer-ER; Mathers-JS. Development and
evaluation of a model to predict effects of buried underwater blasting charges on fish
populations in shallow water areas. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1418, 1986.,
59 pp.
Refuge/Physiolo - General. Sound.
Nakano-H; Ando-Y; Shirahata-S. Osmoregulative ability of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta
). BULL. HOKKAIDO REG. FISH. RES. LAB./HOKUSUIKEN HOKOKU., 1985., no. 50,
pp. 87-92.
Rc(uge/Physiolo r General, Salinity.
Nickelson-TE. Influences of upwelling, ocean temperature, and smolt abundance on marine survival of
coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon production area. CAN. J. FISH.
AQUAT. SC!., 1986., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 527-535.
Re1uge/Physiolo General, Temperature
Patin-SA(ed). A study.of young coho salmon response to cadmium intoxication.
(BIOGEOCHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WATER POLLUTION.).,
SB. NAUCH. TR. VNIRO., 1984., pp. 68-84.
Re(uge/Physiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Paul-3M. A guide to marine prey of juvenile salmon. ALASKA SEA GRANT MAR. ADV. BULL.,
ASG, FAIRBANKS, AK (USA), 1982., 65 pp.
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Pearce-TA; Meyer-iA; Boomer-RS. Distribution and food habits of juvenile salmon in the Nisqually
estuary, Washington, 1979-1980 U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Fish. Assist. Off., Olympia, WA.
1982. 77 pp.
Feeding Vertebrates, Dcnienal, Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic.
Peterson-WT; Brodeur-RD; Pearcy-WG. Food habits of juvenile salmon in the Oregon coastal zone,
June 1979. FISH. BULL., 1982., vol. 80, no.4, pp. 841-851.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthuc Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagtc Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column.
Robinson-CK Lapi-LA; Carter-EW. Stomach contents of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias ) caught
near the Oualicum and Fraser Rivers, April-May, 1980-81. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH.
AQUAT. SCL, no. 1656, 1982., 24 pp.
Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column
Simenstad-CA; Miler-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column. Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic. Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic
Stockner-JG; Levings-CD(ed). Biological reconnaissance of Yakoun River estuary, Queen Charlotte
Islands, and results of a trial fertilization with urea. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. Sd.,
no. 1132, 1982., 127 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnthic Feeding Invertebrates. Neustonic
Thomas-DH. A possible link between coho (silver) salmon enhancement and a decline in central
California Dungeness crab abundance. FISH. BULL., 1985., vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 682-691.
Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic
Thomas-RE; Gharrett-JA; Carls.MG; Rice-SD; Moles-A; Korn-S. Effects of fluctuating temperature
of mortality, stress, and energy reserves of juvenile coho salmon. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC.,
1986., vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 52-59.
Refuge/PhysioIog - General, Temperature
Tschaplinski-PJ. Aspects of the population biology of estuary-reared and stream-reared juvenile coho
salmon in Carnation Creek: A summary of current research. in G. F. Hartman (ed.), Proc.
Carnation Creek Workshop: A Ten-year Rev., Malaspina College, Nanaimo, B. C. 1982. 404
pp.
Refuge/Phys,olo - Physical Complexity. Water Movement, Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Vertical
Relief
WoIf-EG; Morson.B; Fucik-KW. Preliminary studies of food habits of juvenile fish, China Poot Marsh
and Potter Marsh, Alaska, 1978. ESTUARIES., 1983., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 102-114.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic
COMMON GOLDENEYE
Campbell-LH. The impact of changes in sewage treatment on seaducks wintering in the Firth of Forth,
Scotland. BIOL CONSERV., 1984., vol. 28, no.2, pp. 173-180.
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Vermeer-K; Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habitas of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal
area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60.
Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnihic Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Fccding Plants, Emergent Vascular.
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COMMON MERGANSER
Haytnes-GT; Sheehan-RW. Winter Waterfowl Around Pickering Nudear Generating Station. CAN.
FIELD-NAT., 1982., vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 172-175.
Feeding: General, Temperature, R fuge/Physiolo General, Temperature.
Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program.
1984.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Dcmersal Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Wood-CC. Dispersion of common merganse (Mergus merganser ) breeding pairs in relation to the
availability of juvenile Pacific salmon in Vancouver Island streams. CAN. J. ZOOL., 1986., vol.
64, no. 3, pp. 756-765.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Wood-CC. Predation of juvenile Pacific salmon by the common merganser (Mergus merganser ) on
eastern Vancouver Island. 1: Predation during the seaward migration. CAN. J. FISH.
AQUAT. SC!., 1987., vol. 44, no.5, pp. 941-949.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Wood-CC. Predation of juvenile Pacific salmon by the common merganser (Mergus merganser ) on
eastern Vancouver Island. 2. Predation of stream-resident juvenile salmon by merganser
broods. CAN. 3. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1987., vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 950-959.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Wood-CC; Hand-CM. Food-searching behaviour of the common merganser (Mergus merganser). 1.
Functional responses to prey and predator density. CAN. J. ZOOL., 1985., vol. 63, no. 6, pp.
1260-1270.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
COPPER ROCKFISH
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D, Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FR!-UW-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic: Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic: Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Gascon-D; Miller-RA. Space utilization in a community of temperate reef fishes inhabiting small
experimental artificial reefs. CAN. J. ZOOL, 1982., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 798-806.
Rc(ugc/Physiology - Physical Complexity, Bathymctnc Features, Re1uge/Physiolo Physical Complexity, Vertical
Relief.
Matthews-KR. Habitat use and movement patterns of copper, auillback, and brown rockfishes in Puget
Sound, Washington. PhD dissertation, University of Washington. 1988. 121 pp.
Rcfuge/Physiolo - Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief; Refuge/Physiolo - Physical Complexity, Bathymetnc
Features.
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epubenthic’. Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic: Feeding- Vertebrates. Demcrsal
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C-O SOLE
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Sinienstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish
Res. InsL, Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnthic Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthsc
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthiq Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthtc Feeding Vertebrates, Demenal
CRESCENT GUNNEL
Hughes-GW. Observations on the reproductive ecology of the crescent gunnel, Pholis laeta, from
marine inshore waters of southern British Columbia. CAN. FIELD-NAT., 1986., vol. 100, no.
3, pp. 367-370.
Reproduction Substrate, Sediment
Hughes-GW. The comparative ecology and evidence for resource partitioning in two pholidid fishes
(Pisces: Pholididae) from southern British Columbia eelgrass beds CAN. J. ZOOL., 1985.,
vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 76-85.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief, Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic. Refuge/Physiology
Biological Complexity, Submergern Vasc Plants
Simenstad-CA; Miller.BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh.K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79 .259 (Also Fish. Res Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic
Thom-R; Albrighi-R; Simenstad-CA; Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. S in K. K. Chew and 0. J. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton
Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-OW- 8413, Fish
Rca. Inst., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic
CUTFHROAT TROUT
Fresh.KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenihuc. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column
Glova-Gi. Interaction for food and space between experimental populations of juvenile coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and coastal cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in a laboratory stream.
HYDROBIOLOGIA., 1986., vol. 131, no.2, pp. 155-168.
RefugefPhysuology Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features, ReIuge/Physiology General, Temperature
Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British
Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salmonids Fish. Mar.
Ser’v. Manuscript Rep. 1475, West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates. Epibenthic, Feeding Vertebrates, Demersa!
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Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Patlan-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the
Duwamish Estuary, Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries
Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington. 42 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthw, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding: Invertebrates. Neustonic.
DARK-EYED JUNCO
Kessler-WB; Kogut-TE. Habitat orientations of forest birds in southeastern Alaska. NORTHWEST
SC!., 1985., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 58-65.
Reproduction. Substrate, R panan Vegetation.
DOLLY VARDEN
Levy-DA; Levings-CD. A description of the fish community of the Squamish River estuary, British
Columbia: Relative abundance, seasonal changes, and feeding habits of salmonids Fish. Mar.
Serv. Manuscript Rep 1475. West Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1978. 61 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Lp.t niPuc. Feeding Vcncbrates. Dcrnersal
DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT
DesGranges-J-L; Chapdelaine.G. Dupuis-P. (Nesting sites and dynamics of double-crested cormorants
in Quebec.). CAN. i. ZOOL 1984., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 1260-1267.
Reproduction. Substrate. Ripanan Vegetation, Reproduction Ekvation, Ripanan
Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program.
1984.
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column
Leger-C; McNeil-R. (Nest placement choice in cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from the
Madeleine Islands, Quebec). CAN. J. ZOOL./J. CAN. ZOOL., 1987., vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 24-34.
Reproduction Substrate, Ripanan Vegetation.
DOVER SOLE
Lasker-R; Sherman-K(eds). Fate of Post-Larval Bottom Fishes in a Highly Urbanized Coastal Zone.
THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P.-V. REUN.
CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp 104-111.
Retuge/PhysioIogy General. Water/Sediment Quality
Miossec-L. (The Amoco Cadiz oil pollution impact on flatfish biology in the Aber Benoit and Aber
Wrach estuaries.). UN! VERSITE DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE, BREST (FRANCE),
1981., 143 pp.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
Rogers-C. Population dynamics of juvenile flatfish in the Grays Harbor estuary and adjacent nearshore
area. PUBL. WASH. SEA GRANT., WASHINGTON UNIV., SEA GRANT PROGRAM,
SEATFLE, WA (USA), 1985., Vp.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity. Battiymetnc Features
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DUNGENESS CRAB
Ambrose-WG,Jr. Increased emigration of the amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius (Barnard) and the
polychaete Nephiys caeca (Fabricius) in the presence of invertebrate predators. J. EXP. MAR.
BIOL. ECOL., 1984., vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 67.75.
Feeding Invenebrates. Epibenihic
Asson-Batres--MA. The feeding behavior of the juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister Dana, on the
bivalve, Transennella tantilla (Gould), and a determination of its daily consumption rate.
CALIF. FISH GAME., 1986., vol. 72, no.3, pp. 144.152.
Feeding- lnvencbratca, Epibenthic.
Baker-RA(ed). Direct Effects of Suspended Sediments on Aquatic Organisms. CONTAMINANTS
AND SEDIMENTS. VOLUME 1: FATE AND TRANSPORT, CASE STUDIES,
MODELING, TOXICITY., ANN ARBOR SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC., ANN ARBOR,
MI (USA), 1980., vol. 1, pp. 501-536.
Rcfugc/Physuology General, Water/Sediment Qua lity Refuge/Physiology Gcncral. Turbidity
Carls-MG, Rice-SD. Toxic contributions of specific drilling mud components to larval shrimp and
crabs. MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1984., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 45-62.
Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feder-HM; PauI-AJ; Hoberg.MK; Jewett-SC; Matheke-G; McCumby.K; McDonald-i; Rice-R;
Shoemaker-P. Distribution, abundance, community structure and trophic relationships.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
FINAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS. VOLUME 14, BIOLOGICAL
STUDIES., NOAA/OMPA PRINC. INVEST. REP. ENVIRON. ASSESS. ALASKAN
CONT. SHELF.
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Hillaby-BA. The effects of coal dust on ventilation and oxygen consumptIon in the Dungeness crab,
Cancer magister . CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1033, 1981., 24 pp.
Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality
Jacoby-CA. Behavioral responses of the larvae of Cancer magister Dana (1852) to light, pressure, and
gravity. MAR. BEHAV. PHYSIOL, 1982., vol.8, no. 4, pp. 267-283.
Rtfuge/Physiology General, Light.
Pearson-WH; Sugarman-PC; Woodruff-DL; Olla-BL. Impairment of the Chemosensory Antennular
Flicking Response in the Dungeness Crab, Cancer enagister, by Petroleum Hydrocarbons.
FISH. BULL., 1981., vol. 79, no.4, pp. 641-647.
Feeding- General, Water/Sediment Quality
Pearson-WH; Woodruff-DL; Sugannan-PC; Olla-BL. Effects of Oiled Sediment on Predation on the
Littleneck Clam, Protothaca staminea, by the Dungeness Crab, Cancer magister. ESTUAR.
COAST SHELF SC!., 1981., vol. 13, no.4, pp. 445-454.
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Stevens-BG; Armstrong-DA; Cusimano-R. Feeding habits of the Dungeness crab Cancer magister as
determined by the index of relative importance. MAR. BIOL., 1982., vol. 72, no- 2, pp. 135-
145.
Feeding- lnvenebmtes, Epubenthic, Feeding- Venebrates, Water Column. Feeding- lnvenebraies, l3enthic
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Stevens-BG; Armstrong-DA; Hoeman-JC. Did activity of an estuarine population of Dungeness crabs,
Cancer magister , in relation to feeding and environmental factors. J. CRUST. BIOL., 1984.,
vol.4, no. 3, pp. 390-403.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic RerugefPhyaiolo Physical Complexity, Water Movement; Re1uge/Physiolo
General, Light.
Stevens-BG; Cusimano-R; Armstiong-DA. Feeding habits of the Dungeness crab Cancer magister
Dana in Grays Harbor, Washington. J. SHELLFISH RES., 1982., vol.2, no.1, P. 121.
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column; Feeding: Invertebrates. Epubenthic.
Sugarinan-PC; Pearson-WH; Woodruff-DL. Salinity detection and associated behavior in the
Dungeness crab, Cancer magister . ESTUARIES., 1983., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 380-386.
Re(uge/Physology General, Salinity.
DUNLIN
Allen-iA; Barnect-PRO; Boyd-JM; Kirkwood-RC; Mackay-DW; Smyth-JC(eds). Recent changes in
numbers of waders on the Clyde Estuary, and their significance for conservation. THE
ENVIRONMENT OF THE ESTUARY AND FIRTh OF CLYDE., PROC. R. SOC.
EDINB., SECT. B., vol. 90, 1986., pp. 171-184.
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic.
Brennan-LA; Buchanan-JB; Herman-SG; Johnson-TM. Interhabitat movements of wintering dunlins in
western Washington. MURRELET., 1985., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 11-16.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement, Refuge/Physiology Biological Complexity. Emergent
Vasc. Plants.
Buchanan-JB; Brennan-LA; Schick-CT; Finger-MA; Johnson-TM; Herman-SG. Dunlin weight changes
in relation to food habits and available prey. i. FIELD ORNITHOL, 1985., vol. 56, no. 3, pp.
265-272.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic.
Couch. Feeding Ecology of Four Species of Sandpipers in Western Washington MS Thesis, University
of Washington. 1966.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenihic.
Goss-Custard-JD; Moser-ME. Rates of Change in the Numbers of Dunlin, Calidris alpina, Wintering
in British Estuaries in Relation to the Spread of Spartina anglica. Journal of Applied Ecology,
1988, vol. 25, pp. 95-109.
Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vascular.
Liljeld-J. Prey and grit taken by five species of waders at an autumn migration staging post in N.
Nor y. FAUNA NOR VEGICA, SER. C., 1984., vol.7, no.1, pp. 28-36.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic.
Liljeld-J. Stomach content analyses of the dunlin Calidris alpina : Bias due to differential digestibility of
prey items. FAUNA NORVEGICA, SER. C., 1983., vol.6, pp. 43-46.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic-. Feeding: lnvertebraies, Benthie.
Quainmen-ML Influence of subtle substrate differences on feeding by shorebirds on intertidal
mudflats. MAR. BIOL., 1982., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 339-343.
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality.
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Worrall-DH. Diet of the dunlin Calidris alpina in the Severn Estuary. BIRD STUD., 1984., vol. 31, no.
3, Pp. 203-212.
Feeding- Invenebrates , Epibenthic, Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic.
ENGLISH SOLE
Coliier-TK Stein-JE; Wallace-Ri; Varanasi-U. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in spawning English
sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to organic-solvent extracts of marine sediments from
contaminated and reference areas. COMP. BIOCHEM. PHYSIOL., C., 1986., vol. 84C, no 2,
pp. 291-298.
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish.
Res Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, &nthic-, Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Hogue-EW; Carey-AG,Jr. Feeding ecology of 0-age flatfishes at a nursery ground on the Oregon coast
FISH. BULL., 1982., vol. 80, no 3, pp 555-565.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding- Invertebrates, Benihic. Feeding- invcncbrates. Pelagic.
Krahn-MM; Myers-MS; Burrows-DC; Maims-DC. Determination of metabolites of xenobiotics in the
bile of fish from polluted waterways. XENOBIOTICA., 1984., vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 633-646.
Refuge/Physiology- General, Waler/Sediment Quality
Krahn-MM; Rhodes-LD; Myers-MS; Moore-LK; MacLeod-WD,Jr; Maims-DC. Associations between
metabolites of aromatic compounds in bile and the occurrence of hepatic lesions in English
sole (Parophrys vetulus ) from Puget Sound, Washington. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM.
TOXICOL., 1986., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 61-67.
Refuge/Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality
Kruse.GH; Tyler-AV. Simulation of temperature and upwelling effects on the English sole (Parophrys
vetulus) spawning season. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., 1983., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 230-237.
Reproduction- General, Temperature
Krygier-EE; Pearcy-WG. The role of estuarine and offshore nursery areas for young English sole,
Parophrys vetulus Girard, of Oregon. FISH. BULL, 1986., vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 119-132.
Refuge/Physiology- Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief.
Lichatowich.J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic
Moore-MM(ed). Preneoplastic cellular changes associated with exposure to environmental
contaminants in Puget Sound, Washington. RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS., MAR. ENVIRON. RES., vol. 17, no. 2-4, 1985., pp. 334-335.
Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality
Olson.RE. Effects of I_ow Temperature on the Development of the Microsporidan Giugea stephani in
English Sole (Parophrys vetulus ). J. WILDL DIS., 1981., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 559-562.
Refuge/Physiology- General, Temperature
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Pritchard-JB(ed). Field and laboratory studies of the etiology of liver neoplasms in marine fish from
Puget Sound. MECHANISMS OF POLLUTANT ACTION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS.,
ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT., vol. 71, 1987., pp. 5-16.
Rc(ugefPhysiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Rbodes-L Casillas-E; McKnight-B; Gronlund-W; Myers-M; Olson-OP; McCain-B. Interactive effects
of cadmium, polychiorinated biphenyls, and fuel oil on experimentally exposed English sole
(Parophrys vetulus ). CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1985., vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 1870-1880.
Rc(uge/Physiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Rogers-C. Population dynamics of juvenile flatfish in the Grays Harbor estuary and adjacent nearshore
area. PUBL WASH. SEA GRANT., WASHINGTON UNIV., SEA GRANT PROGRAM,
SEATFLE, WA (USA), 1985., Vp.
R.e1uge/Physiolo ’ Physical Complexity, Bathytnetnc Features
Salo-EO;. Final report for the period June 1, 1965-September 30, 1968, Estuarine Ecology Research
Project Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., 98105. 1969. 80 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic.
Sirnenstad-CA; Miller..BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan cle Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Bcnthic. Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic
Stegeman-JJ(ed). Toxic chemicals and abnormalities in fish and shellfish from urban bays of Puget
Sound. RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS., MAR ENVIRON
RES., vol. 14, no. 1-4, 1984., pp. 527-528.
Refuge/Physiolo General, Water/Sediment Quality
Stein.JE; Hom-T; Varanasi-U. Stimultaneous exposure of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) to
sediment-associated xenobiotics: Part 1--Uptake and disposition of super(14)C.
polychlorinated biphenyls and super(3)H.benzo(a)pyrene. MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1984.,
vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 97-119.
Rcfuge/PhysioIogy General. Water/Sediment Quality
Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenstad-CA; Hampel -J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. 3. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton
Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-UW- 8413, Fish.
Res. Inst., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Yoklavich-M. Growth, Food Consumption, and Conversion Efficiency of Juvenile English SOle
(Parophrys vetulus) in Gutshop ‘81, Fish Food Habits Studies: Proceedings of the Third Pacific
Workshop.
Feeding: General, Temperature.
GAD WALL
Vermeer-K Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habitas of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal
area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60.
Feeding: Plants, Emergent VascuIar Feeding: Plants. Macro Algae
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GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULL
Marsh-CP. Impact of avian predators of high intertidal limpet populations. J. EXP. MAR. BIOL.
ECOL., 1986., vol. 104, no. 1-3, pp. 185-201.
Feeding Invertebrates, Renthic
Marsh-CP. Rocky intertidal community organization: The impact of avian predators on mussel
recruitment. ECOLOGY., 1986., vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 771-786.
Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnthic.
Murphy-EC; Day-RH; Oakley-KL; Hoover-AA. Dietary changes and poor reproductive performance
in glaucous-winged gulls. AUK., 1984., vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 532-541.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic.
Roberts-B. Glaucous-winged gulls prey on feral rabbits on Middleton Island, Alaska. MURRELET.,
1985., vol. 66, no. 1, p. 24.
Fccding Vertebrates, Tcrrcsinal
Wiens-JA; Ford-G; Heinemann-D; Pietruszka-C. Simulation modeling of marine bird population
energetics, food consumption, and sensitivity to perturbation. ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT OF THE AlASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. ANNUAL REPORTS OF
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 1980. VOLUME 1’
RECEPTORS - BIRDS, PLANKTON, LITFORAL, BENTHOS., NOAA/OMP
Re1ugefPio o General, Sound
GRAY WHALE
Oliver-iS; Slattery-PN; Silberstein-MA; OConnor-EF. Gray whale feeding on dense amphipod
communities near Bamlield, British Columbia. CAN. J. ZOOL., 1984., vol. 62. pp 41-49.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic
GREAT BLUE HERON
Bayer-RD. Shiner perch and Pacific staghorn sculpins in Yaquina Estuary, Oregon. NORTHWEST
SCI., 1985., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 230-240.
Feeding- Vertebrates., Demeraal
Black-BB; Collopy-MW. Nocturnal activity of great blue herons in a north Florida salt marsh. i.
FIELD ORNITHOL., 1982., vol. 53, no.4, pp. 403-406.
Feeding- General. Light
Blus-LJ; Henny-Ci; Anderson-A; Fitzner-RE. Reproduction, mortality, and heavy metal
concentrations in great blue herons from three colonies in Washington and Idaho.
COLONIAL WATERBIRDS., 1985., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 110-116.
Reproduction. General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Burger-i. Jamaica Bay studies. II. Effect of tidal, temporal and weather variables on distribution of
ibises, egrets and herons on a coastal estuary. ACIA OECOL., OECOL. GEN., 1983., vol.4,
no. 3, pp. 289-297.
Rcfuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement
Chapman-BA; Forbes-IS. Observations on detrimental effects of great blue herons on breeding black
terns. J. FIELD ORNITI-1OL., 1984., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 251-252.
Feeding- Vertebrates, Terrestrial
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DesGranges-i-L. (Observations on the Feeding of the Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias in Quebec
(Canada).). AL.AUDA., 1981., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 25-34.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Drapeau-P; McNeil-R; Burton-i. (The influence of human disturbance and the activity of the double-
crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus , on the reproduction of the great blue heron Ardea
herodias, in the Magdalen Islands.). CAN. FIELD..NAT., 1984., vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 219-222.
Reproductioir General, Sound.
Gibbs-JP; Woodward-S; Hunter-ML,Jr, Hutchinson-AE. Determinants of great blue heron colony
distribution in coastal Maine. AUK., 1987., vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 38-47.
Reproduction: Substrate, Ripanan Vegetation; Reproduction General. Sound.
Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program.
1984.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column, Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal.
Powell-GVN; Powell-AH. Reproduction by great white herons Ardea herodias in Florida Bay as an
indicator of habitat quality. BIOL. CONSERV., 1986., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 101-113.
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Quinney-TE. Comparison of great blue heron, Ardea herodias , reproduction at Boot Island and other
Nova Scotia colonies. CAN. FIELD-NAT., 1983., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 275-278.
Reproduction General, Sound
GREAT SCULPIN
Tokranov-AM. Feeding of the great Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus Pallas and plain M. jaok
(Cuvier) (Cottidae) sculpins in the coastal Kamchatka waters. VOPR. IKHTIOL., 1986., vol.
26, no. 6, pp. 980-989.
Feeding: General. Temperature. Feeding: Vertebrates. Demersal. Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthie.
Tokranov-AM. On the reproduction of the great sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas)
(Cottidae) off Kamchatka. VOPR. IKHTIOL., 1984., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 601-608.
Reproduction General, Temperature.
Tokranov-AM. Reproduction of great sculpin, Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Cottidae), in
Karnchatka waters. J. ICHTHYOL, 1984., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 119- 127.
Reproduction: Substrate, Sediment.
GREEN-WINGED TEAL
Evans-PR; Goss-Cusiard-JD; Hale.WG(eds). Waterfowl movements in relation to food stocks.
COASTAL WADERS AND WILDFOWL IN WINTER., 1983., pp. 84-100.
Feeding: Plants, Submergent Vascular.
Fox-AD. The breeding teal (Anas crecca ) of a coastal raised mire in central west Wales. BIRD
STUD., 1986., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 18-23.
Reproduction: Ejevation, Riparian.
Hepp-GR. Effects of environmental parameters on the foraging behavior of three species of wintering
dabbling ducks (Anatini). CAN. J. ZOOL, 1985., vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 289-294.
Feeding: General, Temperature.
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Neinhuis-PH; Groenendijk-AM. Consumption of eelgrass (Z.osera marina ) by birds and
invertebrates: An annual budget. MAR. ECOL. (PROG. SER.)., 198., vol. 29, no. 1, PP. 29-35.
Fecdrng- Plants, Subtnergent Vascular
Vermeer-K Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habits of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal
area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60.
Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular.
HORNED GREBE
Ulfvens-i. Mercury content in eggs of the great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus and the horned grebe
Podiceps auritus in the archipelago of Korsnaes, Gulf of Bothnia. ORNIS FENN., 1986., vol.
63, no. 3, pp. 92-93.
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
KILLDEER
Nol-E; Brooks-RJ Effects of predator exciosures on nesting success of kilideer. J. FIELD
ORNITHOL., 1982., vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 263-268.
Re1uge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
LEAST SANDPIPER
Couch. Feeding Ecology of Four Species of Sandpipers in Western Washington MS Thesis, University
of Washington. 1966.
FeedingS Invertebrates, Benthic, Feeding Invertebrates, Ep benthic
Gratto-GW; Thomas-MLH. Some aspects of the foraging ecology of migrant juvenile sandpipers in the
outer Bay of Fundy. CAN. I. ZC)OL., 1984., vol. 62, no.9, pp. 1889-1892.
Feeding- Invertebrates, flenthic
LONGFJN SMELT
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Wesiwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic
Lichatowicb-J; Bottorn-DL; .Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding Invertebrates, PeIag c
MALLARD
Albcrs-PH; Gay-ML. Unweathered and Weathered Aviation Kerosine: Chemical Characterization and
Effects on Hatching Success of Duck Eggs. BULL ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL.,
1982., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 430-434.
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
Cavanaugh-KP. The effects of ingested petroleum on some endocrine mechanisms regulating
reproductive cyclicity in mallard ducks. DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - Sd. & ENG., vol. 44, no. 6,
1983., 107 pp.
Reproduction General. Water/Sediment Quality.
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Coon-NC; Dieter-MP. Responses of Adult Mallard Ducks to Ingested South Louisiana Crude Oil.
ENVIRON. RES., 1981., voL 24, no.2, pp. 309-314.
Refugc/Physioio General. Water/Sediment Quality; Repmductiow General, Water/Sediment Quality
Euliss-NI-!; Grodhaus .G. Management of Midges and Other Invertebrates lot Waterfowl Wintering in
California Calif. Fish and Game 73(4): 238-243 1987.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Neustornr, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Gile-JD; Meyers.SM. Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests. ARCH. ENVIRON.
CONTAM. TOXICOL, 1986., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 751-756.
Reproducuon: General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Guilio-RTdi. Occurrence and toxicology of heavy metals in Chesapeake Bay waterfowl. DISS. ABST.
INT. FT. B - SC!. & ENG., vol. 44, no. 1, 1983., 265 pp.
Feeding: Gcncrai. Water/Sediment Quality
Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program.
1984.
Feeding: lnvcricbraics. Ncusionic Feeding: Plants. Emergent Vascular
Heinz-GH. Mercury accumulation in mallards fed methylmercury with or without added DDE.
ENVIRON. RES., 1987., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 372-376.
Reproduction General. Water/Sediment Quality.
Heinz-GH; Hoffman-DJ; Krynitsky-AJ; Weller-DMG. Reproduction in mallards fed selenium
ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM., 1987., vol.6, no.6, pp. 423-433.
Refuge/Physiolo General. Water/Sediment Quality
Kalas-JA; Roalkvam-R. Feeding habits of breeding birds in a western Norwegian estuary. FAUNA
NOR VEGICA, SER. C., 1983., vol.6, pp. 73-77.
R.efuge/Physiolo r Physical Complexity. Water Movement
Kaminsk-RM; Prince-HH. Dabbling Duck Activity and Foraging Responses to Aquatic
Macroinvertebrates. AUK., 1981., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 115-126.
Re1uge/Physiolo Biolog cal Complexity. Emergent Vasc. Plants.
Kononen-DW; Hochstein-JR; Ringer ..RK. Avoidance behavior of mallards and northern bobwhite
exposed to carbofuran-contaminated food and water. ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM., 1987.,
vol.6, no. 1, pp. 41-50.
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Mautino-M; Bell-JU. Hematological evaluation of lead intoxication in mallards. BULL. ENVIRON.
CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1987., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 78-85.
Rc1uge/Physiolo r General. Water/Sediment Quality.
Meyers-SM; Gile.JD. Mallard reproductive testing in a pond environment: A preliminary study.
ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1986., vol. 15, no.6, pp. 757-761.
Reproducitoir General. Water/Sediment Quality
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Miller-DS; Kinter-WB; Peakall-DB. Effects of crude oil ingestion on immature Pekin ducks (Anas
platyrhynchos) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus ). ANIMALS AS MONITORS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS. SYMPOSIUM ON PATHOBIOLOGY OF
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS: ANIMAL MODELS AND WILDLIFE AS
MONITORS., 1979., pp. 27-40.
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Neinhuis-PH; Groenendijk-AM. Consumption of eelgrass (Zostera marina ) by birds and
invertebrates: An annual budget. MAR. ECOL (PROG. SER.)., 198., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 29-35.
Feeding- Plants, Submergent Vascular
Rtsebrough-RW; Jarman-WM; Springer-AM; Walker-W,fl; Hunt-WG. A metabolic derivation of
DDE from Kelthane. ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM., 1986., vol.5, no. 1, pp. 13-19.
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
Soliman-SA; Ahmed .NS; El-Gendy-KS; El.Barkary -AS; El-Sabae-H. Delayed neurotoxicity in the wild
mallard duckling caused by the organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos. J.
ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART B., 1986., vol. 21B, no.5, pp. 401-411.
Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality
Spann-JW; Heinz-GH; Hulse-cS. Reproduction and health of mallards fed endrin. ENVIRON.
TOXICOL. CHEM., 1986., vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 755.759
Reproduction General. Water/Sediment Quality; Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
Vermeer-K; Levings-CD. Population, biomass and food habits of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal
area, British Columbia. Wildfowl 28(1977):49-60.
Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular
MERLIN
Kus-BE; Ashman.P; Page-GW; Stenzel-LE. Age-related mortality in a wintering population of dunlin.
AUK., 1984., vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 69.73.
Feeding- Vertebrates, Terrestrial
MEW GULL
Goetmark.F. Food and foraging in five European Larus gulls in the breeding season: A comparative
review. ORNIS FENN., 1984., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 9-18.
Feeding- Vertebrates., Water Column, Feeding’ Invertebrates, Benthic.
Vincent-T. The common gull Larus canus nesting in the Hode marshes (the Seine Estuary), western
France. ALAUDA., 1985., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 69-71.
Reproduction Elevation, Ripanan
MUSKRAT
Fuller-DA; Sasser-CE; iohnson.WB; Gosselink-JG. The effects of herbivory on vegetation on islands
in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana. WETLANDS., 1984., vol. 4, pp. 105-114.
Feeding- Plants, Emergent Vascular
Hoffma- i-M. Distribution of the muskrat, Ondatra zibethica (L.) by ocean-currents. ANZ.
SCHAEDLINGSKD. PFLANZENSCHUTZ UMWELTSCHUTZ., 1985., vol. 58, no.6, pp.
110-114.
Refuge/Physiology Physical .Complexny, Water Movement
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Howerton-.J. Key Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data
Development Program. 1984.
Feeding: Plants, Emergent Vasculai Refuge/Physiolo ’ Biological Complexity, Emergent Vasc. Plants;
Reproduction Substrate, Ripanan Vegetation.
NORTHERN ANCHOVY
Hose-JE; Stoffel-RJ; Zerba-KE. Behavioural responses of selected marine fishes to chlorinated
seawater: MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1983.., vol.9, no. 1, pp. 37-59.
Recuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Hunter-JR; Dorr-H. Thresholds for filter feeding northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax . REP. CCOFI.,
1982., vol. 23, pp. 198-204.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic
Richardson-SL. Spawning Biomass and Early Life of Northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax, in the
Northern Subpopulation off Oregon and Washington. FISH. BULL., 1981., vol. 78, no. 4, pp.
855-876.
Reproduction General, Temperature. Reproduction General. Light
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79.259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI -UW -7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column. Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic FeedingS Invertebrates. Pelagic
Vernberg-FI; Calabrese-A; Thurberg-FP; Vernberg-WB(eds). An ecological perspective of the effects
of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fishes. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF
MARINE POLLUTANTS., 1981., pp. 483-551.
Refug/Physiolo r General, Water/Sediment Quality
NORTHERN SEA LION
Antonelis-GA,ir; Fiscus-CH. The Pinnipeds of the California Current. REP. CCOFI., 1980., vol. 21,
pp. 68-78.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Frost-KJ; Lowry-LF. Sizes of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma , consumed by marine
mammals in the Bering Sea. FISH. BULL., 1986., vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 192-1%.
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column
Gearin-P; Pfeifer-B; Jeffries-S,. Observations on Sea Lion Abundance and Distribution in Puget
Sound. Washington Department of Game. Fishery Management Report 86-20. 1986.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Jeffries-S. Marine mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. 1984., 95 pp.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Jeffries-S;. Marine Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data
Development Program. 1984. 48 pp.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
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Lowry-LF; Frost-K.J; Burns-JJ. Trophic relationships among ice-inhabiting phocid seals and
functionally related marine mammals in the Bering Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF. FINAL REPORTS OF
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS. VOLUME 11- BIOLOGICAL STUDIES.,
NOAA/OMPA PRINC. INVEST. REP. ENVIRON. ASSESS. ALASKAN CONT. SHELF
Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column
McNeil-Wi; Himsworth-DC(eds). Marine mammal-salmonid irneractions: A review. PROCEEDINGS
OF A SYMPOSIUM ON SALMONID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC
OCEAN., 1980., pp. 1.21-132.
Feeding Vertebrates. Water Column
Pitcher-KW. Prey of the Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, in Gulf of Alaska. FISH. BULL., 1981.,
vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 467-472.
Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column
Pitcher-KW. Prey of the Steller Sea Lion, Eumetopias jubatus , in the Gulf of Alaska FISH. BULL.
SEATTLE., 1981., vol. 79, no. 3, pp 467-472.
Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column
Roffe-Ti; Mate-BR. Abundances and feeding habits of pinnipeds in the Rogue River, Oregon. I.
WILDL. MANAGE., 1984., vol. 48, no 4, pp. 1262-1274.
Feeding Vertebrates. Water Column
NORThERN SQUAWFISH
Andros-JD; Garton-RR. Acute lethality of copper, cadmium, and zinc to northern squawfish CERL,
CORVALLIS, OR (USA), 1980., 6 pp.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
OSPREY
Austin-Smith-Pi; Rhodenizer-G. Ospreys, Pandion haliaetus, relocate nests from power poles to
substitute sites. CAN. FIELD-NAT., 1983., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 315-319.
Reproduction. Elevation, R.iparian
Levenson-H; Koplin-JR. Effects of human activity on productivity of nesting ospreys. J. WILDL.
MANAGE., 1984., vol. 48, no.4, pp. 1374-1377.
ReproductionS General, Sound
Nordbakke-R. On the diet of the osprey Pandion haliaetus in Norway. FAUNA NOR VEGICA, SER.
C., 1983., vol. 6, pp. 39-42.
Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column
Poole-A. Brood Reduction in Temperate and Sub-Tropical Ospreys. OECOLOGIA., 1982., vol 53, no.
1, pp. 111-119.
Feeding General, Light. Reproduction General, Light
Reese-JG. Osprey Reproductive Success Along Choptank River, Maryland. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol.
4, no. 4, pp. 369-373.
Reproduction General, Sound, Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
Smith-GC. An analysis of prey remnants from osprey Pandion haliaetus and white-bellied sea-eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster feeding roosts. EMU., 1985., vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 198-200.
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Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Wiemeycr-SN; Cromartie-E. Relationships Between Brain and Carcass Organochlorine Residues in
Ospreys. BULL EMVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1981., vol. 27, no.4, Pp. 499-505.
Reluge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality.
PACIFIC COD
Albers-WD; Anderson-Pi. Diet of Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, and predation on the northern
pink shrimp, Pandalus borealis, in Paviof Bay, Alaska. FISH. BULL., 1985., vol. 83, no.4, pp.
601-610.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagir. Feeding: Invertebrates, &nthir Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Clausen .DM. Summer Food of Pacific Cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in Coastal Waters of Southeastern
Alaska. FISH BULL (SEATTLE)., 1980., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 968-973.
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column, Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthic
Clau.sen-DM. Summer Food of Pacific Cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in Coastal Waters of Southeastern
Alaska. FISH. BULL, 1981., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 968-973.
Feeding: Vcflebratcs, Water Column, Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic
PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL
Anon. Factors affecting haul-out of harbor seals at a site in southeastern Massachusetts. J.
MAMMAL., 1983., vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 318-520.
Refuge/Physiolo r Physical Complexity. Water Movement. Re1uge/Physuology General. Sound.
Rcrugc/Physiolo - General. Temperature.
Beach-Ri; Geiger-AC; Jeifries-Si; Treacy-SD; Trout. Marine Mammals and their Interaction with
Fisheries of the Columbia River and Adjacent Waters, 1980-1982. NWAFC Processed Report
85-04. NOAA, NMFS, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, National Marine Mammal
Laboratory. 1985.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column, Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal: Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenihic
Brown-RF; Mate-BR. Abundance, movements, and feeding habits of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina , at
Netarts and Tillamook bays, Oregon. FISH. BULL., 1983., vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 291-301.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Harms-U; Drescher-HE; Huschenbeth-E. Further Data on Heavy Metals and Organochlorines in
Marine Mammals From German Coastal Waters. MEERESFORSCHUNG/REP. MAR.
RES., 1978., vol. 26, no. 1-4, pp. 153-161.
Refuge/Physiolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Hong-SK; Ashwell-Erickson-S; Giglioui-P; Elsner-R. Effects of anoxia and low pH on organic ion
transport and electrolyte distribution in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) kidney slices. i. COMP.
PHYSIOL, B., 1982., vol. 149B, no. 1, pp. 19-24.
Retugc/Phyaiolo r General. Water/Sediment Quality
Jeffries-S. Marine mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. 1984., 95 pp.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Jeffries-S;. Marine Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data
Development Program. 1984. 48 pp.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column; Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
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McNeil-WJ; Himsworth-DC(eds). Marine mammal-salmonid interactions: A review. PROCEEDINGS
OF A SYMPOSIUM ON SALMONID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC
OCEAN., 1980., pp. 121-132.
Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column
Reijnders-PJH. On the Ecology of the Harbour Seal Phoca vitulina in the Wadden Sea: Population
Dynamics. Residue Levels, and Management. VET. 0., 1982., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 36-42.
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Reijnders-PJH; Wollf-WJ(eds). Threats to the harbour seal population in the Wadden Sea. MARINE
MAMMALS OF ThE WADDEN SEA. FINAL REPORT OF THE SECTION ‘MARINE
MAMMALS’ OF THE WADDEN SEA WORKING GROUP., 1981., pp. 38-47.
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
Renouf-D; Gaborko-L; Galway-G; Fmlayson-R. The effect of disturbance on the daily movements of
harbour seals and grey seals between the sea and their hauling grounds at Miquelon. APPL.
ANIM ETHOL., 1981., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 373-379.
RcfugefPhysiology General, Sound
Roffe-TJ; Mate-BR. Abundances and feeding habits of pinnipeds in the Rogue River, Oregon. J.
WILDL. MANAGE., 1984., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1262-1274.
Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column
Slater-LM; Markowicz-H. Spring population trends in Phoca vitulina richardi in two central California
coastal areas. CAUF. FISH GAME., 1983., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 217-226.
Refuge/Physiology General, Sound
Tracy-SD. Prey species of harbor seals in the Columbia River Estuary. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no.
3, p. 276.
Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column
PACIFIC HERRING
Brett-JR(ed). Factors influencing development and survival of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi
) eggs and larvae to beginning of exogenous feeding. PROCEEDINGS OF THE
SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HERRING AND
THEIR IMPLICATION FOR MANAGEMENT., CAN. .1. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., vol 42, no.
suppl. 1, 1985., pp. 56-68.
Reproduction- General, Temperature; Reproduction General, Salinity.
Haegele-CW; Hamey-MJ. Shoreline vegetation of herring spawning grounds for Comox, Denman
Island and Hornby Island. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCL, no. 1617, 1981., 45
pp.
Reproduction Substrate, Macrn Algae
Haegele-CW; Hamey-Mi. Shoreline vegetation on herring spawning grounds for Cumshewa Inlet,
Queen Charlotte Islands. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1619, 1981., 29
pp.
Reproduction Substrate, Macrn Algae.
Haegele-CW; Hamey-MJ. Shoreline vegetation on herring spawning grounds in Kitkatla Channel,
British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1664, 1982., 31 pp.
Reproduction Subsirate, Macto Algae
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Hay-DE; Levings-CD; Haney-Mi. Distribution of a herring fishery relative to submerged vegetation,
herring spawn distribution and ocenographic factors. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH.
AQUAT. SC!., no. 1760, 1984., 56 pp.
Reproduction: Substrate, Macro Algae.
Hourston-AS; Rosenthal-H; Westernhagen-Hvon. Condition at hatching of Pacific herring larvae from
natural and artificial spawn of different intensities on a variety of substrates. CAN. TECH.
REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1045,1981., 29 pp.
Reproduction Substrate, Macro Algae.
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Lichatowich-J; Bottom -DL; Jones-KK Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic.
McGurk-MD. Effects of delayed feeding and temperature on the age of irreversible starvation and on
the rates of growth and mortality of Pacific herring larvae. MAR. BIOL., 1984., vol. 84, no. 1,
pp. 13-26.
Reruge/Physiology General, Temperature.
Schwarz-AL; Greer-GL. Responses of Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, to some underwater
sounds. CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1984., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1183-1192.
Refuge/Physiology General, Sound.
Simenstad-CA; Cordell.JR; Wissmar-RC; Fresh.KL; Schroder -SL Carr-M; Sanborn.G; Burg-ME.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic
crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI.UW-
8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenihic.
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe -LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7.79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FR!-UW-7914). 1979.335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthir, Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic.
Sorokin-MA Penkin-SI. Effect of Low Frequency Acoustic Signals on the Behaviour of Pacific
Herring. BIOL NAUKI., 1981., vol. 10, pp. 35-39.
Refuge/Physiology General. Sound.
Vernberg-FI; Calabrese-A; Thurberg-FP; Vernberg-WB(eds). An ecological perspective of the effects
of rnonocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fishes. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF
MARINE POLLUTANTS., 1981., pp. 483-551.
Refuge/Physiology General. Waier/&diment Quality
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PACIFIC SANDDAB
Lasker.R; Sherman-K(eds). Fate of Post-L.arval Bottom Fishes in a Highly Urbanized Coastal Zone.
THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P-V. REUN.
CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp. 104-111.
R 1uge/ Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Pugel Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979.335 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates Epibcnthic.
PACIFIC SAND LANCE
Birtwell-IK; Nelles-S; Harbo-RM. A brief investigation of fish in the surface waters of the Somass
River Estuary. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., no. 1744, 1983., Ylpp.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
Pearson-WH; Woodruff-DL; Sugarman-PC; Olla-BL. The burrowing behavior of sand lance,
Ammodytes hexapterus: Effects of oil-contaminated sediment. MAR. ENVIRON. RES.,
1984., vol. 11, no. 1, Pp. 17-32.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
Pinto-iA; Pearson-WH; Anderson-JW. Sediment preferences and oil contamination in the Pacific sand
lance Ammodytes hexapterus. MAR. BIOL., 1984., vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 193-204.
R.cIugcfPhysiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Sinienstad-CA; Cordell-JR; Wissmar-RC; Fresh-KL; Schroder-SL Carr-M; Sanborn-G; Burg-ME.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic
crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI-U W-
8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch
Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenthic.
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagir. Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibcnihic.
PACIFIC STAGHORN SCULPIN
Birtwell-LK; Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass
River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no.
1799, 1984., 58 PP.
Feeding- Invertebrates. &nthic
Boese-BL; Johnson-VG; Chapman-DE; Ridlington-JW; Randall-R. Effects of petroleum refinery
wa tewater exposure on gill ATPase and selected blood parameters in the Pacific staghorn
sculpin (Leptocottus arznatus). COMP. BIOCHEM. PHYSIOL, C., 1982., vol. 71C, no. 1, pp.
63-67.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
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Boese-BL; Johnson-VG; Chapman-DE; Ridlington-JW; Randall-R. Effects of Petroleum Refinery
Wastwater Exposure on Gill ATPase and Selected Blood Parameters in the Pacific Staghorn
Sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) . COMP. BIOCHEM. PHYSIOL. (C)., 1982., vol. 71, no. 1, pp.
63-67.
Refuge/Pbysiolo r General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K Mathiesen-L Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978.229 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnlhic Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column, Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenihic Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column.
Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Demcrsal, Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic.
Mace-PM. Predator-prey functional responses and predation by staghorn sculpins (Leptocottus
armatus) on chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta). DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - Sd. &
ENG., vol. 44, no. 7, 1984., Vp.
Feeding: Vertebrates. Water Column.
McCain-BB; Myers-MS; Brown-DW; Rhodes-LD; Landahl-JT; Chan-S-L; MaIms-DC. Diseases of
marine fishes in Puget Sound and relationships to pollution. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS
PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AQUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND,
B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (np).
Rcfuge/PhysioIo General, Water/Sediment Quality
Peterson-CH; Ouammen-ML. Siphon nipping: Its importance to small fishes and its impact on growth
of the bivalve Protothaca staminea (Conrad). J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL, 1982., vol. 63, no.
3, pp. 249-268.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic
Ridlington-JW; Chapman-DE; Boese-BL Johnson-VG; Randall-R. Petroleum Refinery Wastewater
Induction of the Hepatic Mixed-Function Oxidase System in Pacific Staghorn Sculpin. ARCH.
ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL, 1982., vol. 11, no.1, pp. 123-127.
Re(uge/Physlolo1j General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Salo-EO;. Final report for the period June 1, 1965-September 30, 1968, Estuarine Ecology Research
Project Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., 98105. 1969. 80 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Senthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic Feeding: Vertebrates, Water Column
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe.LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthic Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal, Feeding: Invertebrates. Epibenthic
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Smith-JE. Seasonality, spatial dispersion patterns and migration of benthic invertebrates in an intertidal
marsh-sand flat system of Puget Sound, Washington, and their relation to waterfowl foraging
and the feed Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 177 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic
Woif-EG; Morson-B; Fucik-KW. Preliminary studies of food habits of juvenile fish, China Poot Marsh
and Potter Marsh, Alaska, 1978. ESTUARIES., 1983., vol.6, no. 2, pp. 102-114.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic.
PACIFIC TOMCOD
Fresh-KL; Rabin.D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic; Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic
Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding- Vertebrates, Demersal, Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthuc
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA -600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epubenihic
PADDED SCULPIN
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DCC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
PENPOINT GUNNEL
Simenstad.CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979.335 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenstad-CA; Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. J. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton
Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-UW. 8413, Fish.
Res. Inst., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se
Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenthir
PILE PERCH
Birtwell- 1K Nelles-S; Harbo-RM. A brief investigation of fish in the surface waters of the Somass
River Estuary. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no, 1744, 1983., 37 pp.
RefugefPhysiolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality.
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Hose-JE; Stoffel-R.J; Zerba-KE. Behavioural responses of selected marine fishes to chlorinated
seawater. MAR. ENVIRON. RES., 1983., voL 9, no. 1, Pp. 37.59.
R ,e1uge/PhysioIo r General, Water/Sedimeni Quality.
Hueckel-GJ; Stayton-RL. Fish foraging on an artificial reef in Puget Sound, Washington. MAR. FISH.
REV., 1982., vol. 44, no. 6-7, pp. 38-44.
RerugefPhysioIo Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features.
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7 .79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding Inveitebrates. Epibenlhic Feeding Invertebrates, Bcnthic.
PINK SALMON
Bailey-JE; Wing-BL; Hanson-i. Juvenile Pacific sandfish, Trichodon trichodon , associated with pink
salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, fry in a rocky nearshore area, southeastern Alaska.
ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 286.
Feeding Invertebrates. Epibenthic, Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic
Cooney-RT; Urquhart-D; Bernard-D. The Behavior, Feeding Biology, and Growth of Hatchery
Released Pink and Chum Salmon Fry in Prince William Sound, Alaska. A1..ASKA SEA
GRANT REP. ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM ALASKA UNIV., ALASKA SEA
GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM FAIRBANKS, AK (USA), 1981., 121 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic, Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthuc
Girsa-Il; Zhuravel-VN; Lapin-YuYe. Salinity preferences of juvenile whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus,
cisco, Coregonus sardinelia marisaibi , and the pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha , from
the White Sea basin. J. ICHTHYOL 1980., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 138-148.
Refugc/Physiolo j General, Salinity.
Godin-J-Gi. Temporal variations in daily patterns of swimming activity and vertical distribution in
juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ). CAN. 3. ZOOL., 1984., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 72-
79.
Re(uge/Physiolog - General. Light
Godin-JGJ. Circadian Rhythm of Swimming Activity in Juvenile Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha ). MAR. BIOL., 1981., vol. 64, no.3, pp. 341-349.
Rcfuge/Physiology General, Light.
Irie-T; Kobayashi-T; Osako-M. Ecological studies on juveniles of chum and pink salmon during early
ocean residence. 1. Distribution and behavior of the juveniles in Abashiri Bay and the adjacent
waters. BULL HOKKAIDO REG. FISH. RES. LAB., 1981., no. 46, pp. 15-36.
Refuge/Physiolo r General, Salunity Re1uge/Phymolo General, Temperature
Karpenko-VI. Diurnal feeding rhythm of young salmon during the initial stage of marine life. J.
ICHTHYOL., 1982., vol. 22, no.2, pp. 131-134.
Feeding General, Temperature
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Karpenko-VI. Food Supply and Feeding of Young Pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) and
Chum Oncorhychus keta (Walbaum) Salmons in the Coastal Waters of the Karaginsk Bay of
the Bering Sea. VOPR. !KHTIOL., 1981., vol. 21, no.4, pp. 675-686
Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic
Karpenko-VI; Piskunova-LV. On the role of macroplankton in the feeding and trophic relationships in
young salmons from the genus Oncorhynchus (Salxnonidae) from the southwestern Bering
Sea. VOPR. IHKTIOL., 1984., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 759-766.
Feeding Invertebrates., Benthic; Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding Vertebrates. Water Column
Levings-CD. Feeding ecology of juvenile salmonids at three contrasting habitats at the Freser River
Estuary, B.C. ESTUARIES., 1981., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 243.
Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic
Levings-CD. Juvenile salmonid use of habitats altered by a coal port in the Fraser River estuary, British
Columbia. MAR. POLLUT. BULL., 1985., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 248-254.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG. Juvenile Salmon Residency in a Marsh Area of the Fraser River Estuary.
CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., 1982., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 270-276.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Water Movement
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic, Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic
Prmslow-TE; Whitmus-Ci; Dawson-JJ; Bax-NJ; Snyder-BP; Salo-EO. Effects of wharf lighting on
outmigrating salmon, 1979 Fin. Rep. FRI-UW-8007, Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash.,
Seattle, WA. 1980. 137 pp.
Feeding General. Light, Refuge/Physiology General, light
Shershnev.AP; Chupakhin-VM; Rudnev-VA. Ecology of juvenile pink salmon, Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha (Salmonidae) from Sakhalin and Iturup islands during the marine period of life. J.
ICHTHYOL., 1982., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 90-97. -
Feeding Invertebrates., Benthic.
Shuntov-VP(ed). Distribution and Some Biological Features of Young Pink and Chum Salmons in the
Inshore Waters of Iturup Island. (BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE KUROSHIO AND
ADJACENT WATERS.) IZV. TINRO., 1980., vol. 104, TINRO, VLADIVOSTOK (USSR),
1980., pp. 116-121.
Refuge! Physiology General, Salinity, Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature.
Shuntov-VP(ed). Food Composition of the South Kuril Pink Salmon in the Southern Part of the
Feeding Area and Off Iturup Island. (BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE KUROSHIO
AND ADJACENT WATERS.)., IZV TINRO., vol. 104, TINRO, VLADIVOSTOK (USSR),
1980., pp. 113-115.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic; Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column
Simenstad-CA. Prey organisms and prey community composition of juvenile saimonids in Hood Canal,
Washington. in C. A. Simenstad and S. J. Lipovsky (eds.), Proc. Fish Food Habits Studies; 1st
Pac. NW Tech., Oct. 1976, Workshop, Astoria, Ore., Wash. Sea Grant Pubi. WSG-WO 77-2,
Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1977.
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Fceding: Invertebrate,.. Epibcnthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagtc.
Simen.stad-CA; Kinney-Wi; Parker-SS; Salo-EO; Cordell.JR; Buechner-H. Prey community structure
and trophic ecology of outmigrating juvenile chum and pink salmon in Hood Canal,
Washington: A synthesis of three years’ studies, 1977-1979 Fin. Rep. FRI-U W-8026, Fish. Res.
Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1980. 11.3 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthiq Feeding: Ivertebrates, Pelagic.
Simenstad-CA; MilIer-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoc-LI. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979.335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Vernberg-FJ; Thurberg-FP; Calabrese-A; Vernberg-WB(eds). Contribution of phenol and p-cresol to
the toxicity of crude oil to pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) fry and kelp shrimp
(Eualus suckleyi ). MARINE POLLUTION AND PHYSIOLOGY: RECENT ADVANCES.,
BELLE W. BARUCH LIBR. MAR. SCI., 1985., no. 13, 1985., pp. 447-458.
Rc(ugc/Phyaiology Gcncral, Watcr/Scdimcnt Quality
Vernberg-FJ; Thurberg-FP; Calabrese-A; Vernberg-WB(eds). Effect of oil-contaminated prey on the
feeding and growth rate of pink salmon fry (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ). MARINE
POLLUTION AND PHYSIOLOGY: RECENT ADVANCES., BELLE W. BARUCH LIBR.
MAR. SC!., 1985., no. 13, 1985., pp. 459-476.
Feeding: General. Water/Sediment Quality
Weitkamp-DE; Schadt-TH. 1980 Juvenile salmonid study Doc. 82-0415-012F to Port Seattle,
Parametrix, Inc ., Bellevue, WA. 1982. 43 pp + append.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthuc Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic.
Wertheimer-AC. Maturation success of pink and coho salmon held under three salinity regimes.
SALMONID REPRODUCI’ION: AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM., PUBL. WASH.
SEA GRANT., (1983)., p. 32.
Reproduction: General. Salinity
Wertheimer-AC. Maturation success of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and coho salmon (0.
kisutch) held under three salinity regimes. AQUACULTURE., 1984., vol. 43, no. 1-3, pp. 195.
212.
Repmduction General, Water/Sediment Quality.
PRICKLY SCULPIN
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal, Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibenthic
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RACCOON
Abele-LG; Campanella-Pi; Salmon-M. Natural history and social organization of the semiterrestrial
grapsid crab Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes). J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL., 1986., vol. 104,
no. 1-3, pp. 153-170.
Fecdinr Invertebrates, Benthic.
Howerton-J. Key Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data
Development Program. 1984.
FeedinW Invertebrates, Benthic. Feeding Vertebrates, Dcmersal, FeedingS Vertebrates. Terrestnal
RED-BREASTED MERGANSER
Sjoeberg-K. Foraging activity patterns in the goosander (Mergus merganser) and the red-breasted
merganser (M. serrator) in relation to patterns of activity in their major prey species.
OECOLOGIA., 1985., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 35-39.
Feedung Vertebrates, Demersal
RED ROCK CRAB
Boulding-EG; Hay-TK. Crab response to prey density can result in density-dependent mortality of
clams CAN. J. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 1984., vol 4, no 3, pp 521-525
Fceding Invertebrates. Epibenthic
Palmer-AR. Adaptive value of shell variation in Thais tamellosa: Effect of thick shells on vulnerability
to and preference by crabs. VELIGER., 1985., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 349-356.
Fccdinr Invertebrates. Benthic
Ruxnrill-SS; Pennington-JT; Chia-FS. Differential susceptibility of marine invertebrate larvae:
Laboratory predation of sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz), embryos and
larvae by zoeae of the red crab, Cancer productus Rand J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL., 1985.,
vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 193-208.
Fecding Invertebrates, Pelagic
RED-TAIL HAWK
Chaplin-SB; Diesel-DA; Kasparie-JA. Body temperature regulation in red-tailed hawks and great
horned owls: Responses to air temperature and food deprivation. CONDOR., 1984., vol. 86,
no. 2. pp. 175-181.
Re1uge/Physiology ’ General, Temperature.
REDWING BLACKBIRD
Schafer-EW,Jr; Bowles-WA,Jr; Hurlbut-J. The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of
998 chemicals to one or more species of wild and domestic birds. ARCH. ENVIRON.
CONTAM. TOXICOL., 1983., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 355-382.
RcIugcf Physiology- General, Water/Sediment Quality
RIVER LAMPREY
Anon.. Notes on the marine life of the river lamprey, Lampetra ayresi, in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, and
the Columbia River estuary. FISH. BULL., 1983., vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 165-167.
Refuge/Physiology- General, Salinity.
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Stewart-D. Salmon, herring lost to ancient predator. WEST. FISH., 1981., vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 44-47.
Feeding Vertebrates. Water Column.
ROCK SOLE
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Sirnenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-UW-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Benthtc Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthtc Feeding: Plants, MacTo Algae.
McCain-BB; Myers-MS; Brown-DW; Rhodes-LD; Landahl-JT; Chan-S-L; Maims-DC. Diseases of
marine fishes in Puget Sound and relationships to pollution. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS
PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AQUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND,
B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (np).
Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality.
Simenstad-CA; Miller.BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe.LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7.79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W.7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Benthic Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibcnthic.
Wesirheim-Si; Harling.WR. Principal prey species and periodicity of their incidence in stomachs of
trawl-caught Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus ), rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata ), and
petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) land CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no. 1681,
1983., 42 pp.
Feeding: Vertebrates, Demersal. Feeding- Vertebrates, Water Column. Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic.
SAND SOLE
Baalman-RW(ed). The sea surface: Fate and biological effects of mixed contaminants. HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ON COMPLEX ORGANIC MIXTURES., 1985., vol. 29,
pp. 29-30.
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Hardy-JT; Crecelius-EA; Kocan-R. Concentration and toxicity of sea-surface contaminants in Puget
Sound. 1986., 51 pp.
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Hardy-JT; Crecelius-EA; Long-E; Kiesser SL; Stubin-Al. Sea surface: Fate and biological effects of
mixed contaminants. OAD/NOS, SEATTLE, WA (USA), 1985., 26 pp.
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality.
Hogue-EW; Carey-AG,Jr. Feeding ecology of 0-age flatfishes at a nursery ground on the Oregon coast.
FISH. BULL, 1982., vol. 80, no.3, pp. 555-565.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Rogers-C. Population dynamics of juvenile flatfish in the Grays Harbor estuary and adjacent nearshore
area. PUBL. WASH. SEA GRANT., WASHINGTON UNIV., SEA GRANT PROGRAM,
SEATTLE, WA (USA), 1985., Vp.
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features.
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Sirnenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-U. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding- Invenebrates, Epibcnthic
SAVANNAH SPARROW
Davis-SD; Wiiliams-JB; Adams-Wi, Brown-SL. The effect of egg temperature on attentiveness in the
Belding’s savannah sparrow. AUK., 1984., vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 556-566.
Reproduction General. Temperature
Meunier-M; Bedard-J. Nestling foods of the savannah sparrow. CAN. J. ZOOL., 1984., vol. 62, no. 1,
pp. 23-27.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Neiasio uc
Bedard-J; LaPointe-G. The s.a annah sparrow territorial system- Can habitat features be related to
breeding success’. CAN 1 ZOOL., 1984., vol. 62, no- 9, pp. 1819-1828.
Reproduction E1cvatio t kap.riaa Reproduction Substrate, Ripanan Vegeiation
SHINER PERCH
Bayer-RD. Shallow-water intertidal ichihyofauna of the Yaquina Estuary, Oregon. NORTHWEST
SCL, 1981., vol 55, no. 3, pp 182-193.
ReIuge/Physiology- General. Light. ReFuge/Physiology- Biological Complexity, Submergent Vasc Plants
Biriwell-IK; Nelles-S; Harbo-RM A brief investigation of fish in the surface waters of the Somass
River Estuary CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no. 1744,1983., 37 pp
Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality
Birtwell-LK Wood-M, Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass
River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SC!., no.
1799, 1984., 58 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic
Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagie Feeding- Invertebrates, Epubcnthic
Ozretich-RJ; Randall-RC; Boese-BL; Schroeder-WP; Smith-JR. Acute toxicity of butylbenzyl phthalate
to shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata ). ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL,
1983., vol. 12, no- 6, pp. 655-660.
ReFugefPhysiolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality
Shrode-JB; Purcell-U; Stephen.s-JS,Jr. Ontogeny of thermal preference in four species of viviparous
fishes (Embiotocidae). ENVIRON. BIOL. FISH., 1983., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 71-76.
Refuge/Physiology- General. Temperature
Shrode-JB; Zerba-KE; Stephens-JS,Jr. Ecological significance of temperature tolerance and preference
of some inshore California fishes. TRANS. AM. FISH. SOC., 1982., vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 45-51.
Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature
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Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenstad.CA; Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. J. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton
Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-U W- 8413, Fish.
Res. Insi, School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se
Feeding: Invertebrates. Ep.beniksc
SHORT-BILLED DO%S1TCHER
Grant-J. Sediment microtopograph and shorebird foraging. MAR. ECOL. (FROG. SER.)., 1984., vol.
19, no.3, pp. 293.2%
Feeding: General. W.,er ‘SeJ. iee, Oualiiy
Quammen-ML. Influence of sukk substrate differences on feeding by shorebirds on intertidal
mudflats. MAR. BIOL. l” C.. vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 339-343
Feeding: Invertebraies I pst ’exiIi
Quammen-ML Predation hs shorebirds., fish, and crabs on invertebrates in intertidal mudflats: An
experimental test ECOLO(JY., 1984., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 529-537.
Feeding: Invertebratei. Lpsricniluc
SNAKE PRICKLEBACK
Simenstad-CA; Miller.BS; Nvblade .CF, Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe.Li. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Bcnthic
SOFI’ SCULPIN
Lasker-R; Sherman-K(eds). Vertical Migrations and Larval Settlement in Gilbertidia sigalutes , F.
Cottidae. THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P.-V.
REUN. CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp. 349-351.
Refue/PhystoIo Physical Complexity. Water Movement.
SONG SPARROW
Collins-iN; Resh-VH. Utilization of natural and man-made habitats by the salt marsh song sparrow,
Melospiza melodia samuelis (Baird). CALIF. FISH GAME., 1985., vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 40-52.
Refugc/PhystoIo Physical Complexity. Bathymetric Features; Reproduction Substrate. Ripanan Vegetation:
Reproduction Elevation. Ripanan
Wingfield-JC. Influences of weather on reproductive function in male song sparrows, Melospiza
melodia . J. ZOOL., 1985., vol. 205, no. 4, pp. 525-544.
Reproduction Gencrat.Temperaiure
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SPECKLED SANDDAB
Hogue-EW; Carey-AG,Jr. Feeding ecology of 0-age flatfishes at a nursery ground on the Oregon coast.
FISH. BULL., 1982., vol. 80, no.3, pp. 555-565.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic
Lasker-R; Sherman-K(eds). Fate of Post-Larval Bottom Fishes in a Highly Urbanized Coastal Zone.
THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P.-V. REUN.
CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp. 104-111.
Refuge/Physiology General, water/Sediment Quality.
Lasker-R; Sherman-K(eds). Fate of Post-Larval Bottom Fishes in a Highly Urbanized Coastal Zone.
THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH: RECENT STUDIES., RAPP. P..V. REUN.
CIEM., vol. 178, 1981., pp. 104-111.
Refuge/Physiology- Genera!, Water/Sediment Quality.
Salazar-MH; Salazar-SM. Ecological evaluation of organotin-contaminated sediment. TECH. REP
U.S. NAy. OCEAN SYST. CENT., NOSC, SAN DIEGO, CA (USA), 1986., 25 pp.
Rcfugc/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-U. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W-79]4). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenthte Feeding- Invertebrates, Benthic
Spies-RB; Felton-JS; Dillard-L. Hepatic mixed-function oxidases in California flatfishes are increased
in contaminated environments and by oil and PCB ingestion. MAR. BIOL., 1982 , vol 70, no.
2 ,pp 117-127.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality
STARRY FLOUNDER
Birtwell-LK; Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass
River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., no.
1799, 1984., 58 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic.
Campana-SE. Mortality of starry flounders (Platichthys stellatus ) with skin tumors. CAN. J. FISH.
AQUAT. SCI., 1983., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 200-207.
ReIiige/Physiolog>- General. Water/Sediment Quality
Fresh-KL; Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; Salo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathiesen-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., CoIl. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding Invcrtebjates, Bcnthiq Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibcnthic
Fukuyama-AK; Oliver-iS. Sea star and walrus predation on bivalves in Norton Sound, Bering Sea,
Alaska. OPH ELLA., 1985., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 17-36.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibcnthic
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Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia. Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
Lichatowich-J; Bouom-DL; Jones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthic.
McCain-BB; Myers-MS; Brown-DW; Rhodes-LD; Landahl-JT; Chan-S-L; Maims-DC. Diseases of
marine fishes in Puget Sound and relationships to pollution. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS
PRESENTED AT 11th ANNUAL AQUATIC TOXICITY WORKSHOP, RICHMOND,
B.C., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1984., (np).
R fuge/Physiolo y General. Water/Sediment Quality.
Moore.MN(ed). Reproductive success, zenobiotic contaminants and hepatic mixed-function oxidase
(MFO) activity in Platichthys scellatus populations from San Francisco Bay. RESPONSES OF
MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS., MAR. ENVIRON. RES., vol. 17, no. 2-4,
1985., pp. 117-121.
Refuge/Physsolo - General, Water/Sediment Quality
Salo-EO;. Final report for the period June 1, 1965-September 30, 1968, Estuarine Ecology Research
Project Fish. Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., 98105. 1969. 80 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Ucnthic Feeding invertebrates. Epibcnlhic
Simenstad-CA; MiIier-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh.K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic Feeding Invertebrates, Epubenthic-. Feeding Vertebrates, Demersal.
Spies-R; Rice-D; Ireland-P.; Beach-i. Pollutant body burdens and reproduction in Platichihys stellatus
from San Francisco Bay. Annual progress report, year 1. 1983., 40 pp.
Rc(uge/Phystoio r General. Water/Sedimenu Quality.
Vernbcrg-FI; Calabrese-A; Thurberg-FP; Vernberg-WB(eds). An ecological perspective of the effects
of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fishes. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF
MARINE POLLUTANTS., 1981., pp. 483-551.
Rc(uge/Physiolo ,: General. Water/Sediment Quality
STEELHEAD (RAINBOW) TROUT
Fresh-KL Rabin-D; Simenstad-CA; SaIo-EO; Garrison-K; Mathieseri-L. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final Rep. FRI-U W-7904, Fish.
Res. Inst., Coil. Fish., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 1978. 229 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibcnthic; Feeding Vertebrates, Dcmcraat. Feeding Vertebrates, Water Column.
Meyer-JH; Pearce-TA; Patlan-SB. Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the
Duwamish Estuary, Washington, 1980 United States Department of the Interior, Fisheries
Assistance Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington. 42 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenihic; Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic; Feeding Invcnebrates. -Ncustonic
C-44

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STRIPED SEAPERCH
Ebeling-AW; Laur-DR. The influence of plant cover on surfperch abundance at an offshore temperate
reef. ENVIRON. BIOL. FISH., 1985., vol 12, no. 3, pp. 169-179.
Reluge/Physiologir Biological Complexity. Macro Algae
Hueckel-Gi; Stayton -RL. Fish foraging on an artificial reef in Puget Sound, Washington. MAR. FISH.
REV., 1982., vol. 44, no. 6-7, pp. 38-44.
Re1ug/Physiolo Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Schmitt-RJ; Coyer-JA. The foraging ecology of sympatric marine fish in the genus Embiotoca
(Embiotocidae): Importance of foraring behavior in prey size selection. OECOLOGIA., 1982.,
vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 369-378.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Pelagic
Schmitt-RJ; Holbrook-Si. Seasonally fluctuating resources and temporal variability of interspecific
competition. OECOLOGIA., 1986., vol 69, no- 1, pp 1-11.
ReIuge/Ptiysiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenthie
STURGEON POACHER
Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenscad-CA, Hampel-J; Cordell-JR, Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Sect. Sin K. K Chew and 0. J. Stobei (Prin. Invest.), Renton
Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahursc Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-U W- 8413, Fish.
Res. Inst., School Fish., Univ. Wash., Se
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenthuc
SURF SMELT
Hawkes-JW; Stehr-CM. Cytopathology of the Brain and Retina of Embryonic Surf Smelt (Hypomesus
pretisus) Exposed to Crude Oil. ENVIRON. RES., 1982., vol. 27, no. 1, Pp. 164-178.
Re1uge/Physiolog General. Water/Sediment Quality
Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL; iones-KK; Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia
River Estuary Data Development Program. 1984.
Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Maims-DC; Hidgins-HO; McCain-BB, Weber-DD; Varanasi-U; Brown-DW. Sublethal effects of
petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals, -including biotransforrnations, as reflected by
morphological, chemical, physiological, pathological, and behavioral indices.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE YEAR ENDING
MARCH 1980. VOLUME 3: EFFECTS, CONTAMINANT BASELINES., NOAA/OMPA,
BOULDER, CO (
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
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Penttila-D.. Studies of the surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) in Puget Sound. Wash. Dept. Fish. Tech.
Rept. 42: 47 pp.
Reproduction: Substrate, Sediment; Reproduction: General, Temperature; Reproductioiv Elevation, Intertidal.
Sirnenstad-CA; Cordell-JR; Wissmar-RC; Fresh-KL Schroder-SL Carr-M; Sanborn-G; Burg-ME.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic
crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI-UW-
8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic.
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W.7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates., Eptbenthic; Feeding Invertebrates, Pelagic.
THREESPINE STICKLEBACK
Allen-iA; Barnett-PRO; Boyd-3M; Mackay-DW; Smyth-JC(eds). The status of fish populations in the
Clyde Estuary. THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE ESTUARY AND FIRTH OF CLYDE.,
PROC. R. SOC. EDINS., SECT. B., vol. 90, 1986., pp. 157-170.
Refuge/Physiology- General. Water/Sediment Quality
Audet-C; FitzGerald-Gi; Guderley-H. Environmental control of salinity preferences in four sympatric
species of sticklebacks: Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, Pungitius pungitius
and Apeltes quadracus . J. FISH BIOL, 1986., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 725-739.
Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity; Rctuge/Physiology General, Temperature, Refuge/Physiology General,
Light.
Audet-C; FitzGerald-GJ; Guderley-H. Salinity preferences of four sympatric species of sticklebacks
(Pisces: Gasterosteidae) during their reproductive season. COPELA., 1985., no. 1, pp. 209-213.
Reruge/Physiology- General. Salinity
Bircwell-LK; Wood-M; Gordon-DK. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass
River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. CAN. MANUSCR. REP. FISH. AQUAT. Sd., no.
1799, 1984., 58 pp.
Feeding Invertebrates, Benihic
Cardwell-RD; Purdy-R; Bahner-RC(eds). An overview of biological effects testing in Puget Sound,
Washington: Methods, results, and implications. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND
HAZARD ASSESSMENT: SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM. A SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY
ASTM COMMITTEE E-47 ON BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE, MILWAUKEE, WISC., 17-19 APRIL 1983., ASTM SPEC.
Refuge/Physiology General. Water/Sediment Quality.
Henning-R; Zander-CD. On the Biology and Food of Small-Sized Fish From the North and Baltic Sea
Area. 3. The Colonization of a Freshwater Mud Flat of the Elbe River by Euryhaline Fish.
ARCH. HYDROBIOL. (SUPPL.)., 1981., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 487-505.
Feeding Invertebrates, Epibenihic.
Hutcheson-MS. Toxicological effects of potash brine on Bay of Fundy marine organisms. MAR.
ENVIRON. RES., 1983., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 237-255.
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality.
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Lachance-S; Magnan-P; FitzGerald-GJ. Temperature preferences of three sympatric sticklebacks
(Gasterosteidae). CAN. .1. ZOOL./J. CAN. ZOOL., 1987., vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 1573-1576.
Refuge/Phystolog - General. Temperature.
Lacroix-G; Bourge t.E; Therriault-J-C(eds). The activity budget and behavior patterns of female
threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus (L), in a Quebec tidal salt marsh. ST.
LAWRENCE ESTUARY: OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES.,
NAT. CAN., vol 112, no. 1, 1985., pp. 11.3-118.
ReIuge/Physiologj- General. Temperature, Rt(uge/Phys olog General, Water/Sediment Quality
Levy-DA; Northcote-TG; Birch-GJ. Juvenile salmon utilization of tidal channels in the Fraser River
estuary, British Columbia Tech. Rep. 23, Westwat. Res. Cent., Univ. Brit. Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., Canada 1979. 70 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Epibenihic
Lichatowich-J; Bottom-DL: Jnnc’ .KK. Herring-Mi.. Fishes of the Columbia River Estuary Columbia
River Estuary DaLa Dc cltipmcnt Program. 1984.
Feeding- Invertebrates Pciapc Feeding Invertebrates. Epibenihic
Schreier-H; Northcote-TG. HalI.K Trace metals in fish exposed to asbestos rich sediments. WATER
AIR SOIL POLLUT.. l’ 7. , ol 35, no. 3-4, pp. 279-291.
Reluge/Phystology General aic:,’Scdiment Quality
Simenstad-CA; Cordell-JR; Wsssmar.RC; Fresh-KL; Schroder-SL Carr-M; Sanborn-G; Burg-ME.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic
crustaceans in Padilia Ba) National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington. Rep. FRI-U W-
8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Sch
Feeding- Invertebrates. Eptbenthic
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-U. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA .600/7-79.259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914), 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibenthir. Feeding Invertebrates, Benthic
Snyder-Ri. Seasonal variation in the diet of the three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in
Contra Costa County, California. CALIF. FISH GAME., 1984., vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 167-172.
Feeding Invertebrates. Pelagic. Feeding- Invertebrates, Neustonic
Soin-SG; Danil ’chenko-OP; Khandal’-AS. Combined effect of salinity and triethyl stannic chloride on
the development of the marine forms of three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus
(Gasterosteidae). J. ICHTHYOL., 1984., vol. 24, no.4, pp. 26-34.
Reproduction General, Salinity
Vsser-M. Prey selection by the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). OECOLOGLA.,
1982., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 395-402.
Feeding Invertebrates, Neustonic
TOWNSEND VOLE
lain-Mi; Krebs-CJ. Predation, cover, and food manipulations during a spring decline of Microtus
townsendii. J. ANIM. ECOL., 1983., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 837-848
RcIuge/Fhysiolog)- Biological Complexity. Emergent Vase Plants
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Howerton-J. Key Mammals of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Data
Development Program. 1984.
Feeding: Plants. Emergent Vascular, R fuge h olo Biologicsl Complexity. Emergent Vasc. Plants;
Reproduction. Substraic, Riparian Vegetation.
Taitt-MJ; Gipps-JHW; Krebs -CJ; Dundjerski.Z. The Effect of Extra Food and Cover on Declining
Populations of Microtus townsendii. CAN. 3. ZOOL., 1981., vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 1593-1599.
Re1uge/Physuolo - Biological Complexity, Emergent Vase. Plants.
TUBE.SNOUT
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade -CF; Tbornburgh-K Bledsoe-LJ. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Epit’eathic Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Thom-R; Albright-R; Simenstad-CA. Hampel-J; Cordell-JR; Chew-K. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol IV. Sect 5 in K. K. Chew and 0. 3. Stober (Prin. Invest.), Renton
Sewage Treatment Plant Project Seahurst Baseline Study, Fin. Rep. FRI-U W- 8413, Fish.
Res. Inst., School Fuh. Un. Wash., Sc
Feeding: Invertebrates. Ep t ’catPiuc
WALLEYE POLLOCK
Maeda-T; Takahashi-T; Ueno-M. Ecological studies on the Alaska pollack in the adjacent waters of
the Funka Bay. Hokkaido. 4. Seasonal variations of zooplankton distribution in food for the
Alaska pollack. BULL JAP. SOC. SC!. FISH./N1SSUISHI., 1980., vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 67 1-674.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic
Nakatani-T; Maeda-T. Distribution of walleyc pollock larvae and their food supply in Funka Bay and
the adjacent waters, Hokkaido BULL. JAP. SOC. SC!. FISH./NISSUISHI., 1983., vol. 49, no.
2, pp. 183-187.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic
Nishiyama-T; Hirano-K. Prey size and weight relations in larval walleye pollock (Theragra
chalcogramma). BULL PLANKTON SOC. JAPAN/NIHON PURANKUTON
GAKKAIHO., 1985., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 45-59.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Pelagic.
Paul-AJ. Light, temperature, nauplii concentrations, and prey capture by first feeding pollock larvae
Theragra chalcogramma . MAR ECOL. (PROGR. SER.)., 1983., vol. 13, no. 2/3, pp. 175-179.
Feeding: Invertebrates. Pelagic Feeding: General. Light
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade-CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-U Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-UW-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding: Invertebrates, Epibcnthic Feeding: Invertebrates, Bcnthic
Zverkova-LM; Sapronova-RK. Some morphological and ecologo-physiological characteristics of young
Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) (Gadidae). VOPR. IKI-ITIOL., 1986., vol. 26,
no. 2, pp. 232-238.
Refuge/Physiolo General. Temperature
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WESTERN GREBE
Hazel-CR. Avifauna of the Columbia River Estuary. Columbia River Estuary Development Program.
1984.
Feeding Vertebratc5. Water Column
White-DH; Mitchell-CA; Kaiser-TE. Temporal accumulation of organochiorine pesticides in
shorebirds wintering on the south Texas coast, 1979-80. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM.
TOXICOL., 1983., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 241-245.
RetugcfPhys,ologj - Gencral, Water/Sediment Quality
WESTERN SANDPIPER
Couch. Feeding Ecology of Four Species of Sandpipers in Western Washington MS Thesis, University
of Washington. 1966.
Feeding- Invertebrates. Bcnthic, Feeding- invertebrates, Epibcnthic
Quammen-ML. Influence of subtle substrate differences on feeding by shorebirds on intertidal
mudflats. MAR. BIOL., 1982., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 339-343.
Feeding- Invertebrates, Epibcnthic. Feeding- General. Water/Sediment Quality.
White-DH; Mitchell-CA; Kaiser-TE. Temporal accumulation of organochlorine pesticides in
shorebirds wintering on the south Texas coast, 1979-80. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM.
TOXICOL., 1983., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 241-245.
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
WHITESPOTFED GREENLING
Simenstad-CA; Miller-BS; Nyblade ’.CF; Thornburgh-K; Bledsoe-L1. Food web relationships of
northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca: A synthesis of the available knowledge
EPA DOC Research Report EPA-600/7-79-259 (Also Fish. Res. Inst., Univ Wash., Seattle,
WA. FRI-U W-7914). 1979. 335 pp.
Feeding invertebrates, Epibenthic. Feeding- invertebrates. Pelagic. Feeding Invertebrates. Benthic
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SUPPLEMENT 4. ATTRIBUTE DATA QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
Following the Matrix II survey which identified specific attributes of escuarine wetland habitats
important to fish and wildlife, a questionaire was circulated to regional experts on these attributes.
Respondents were selected for their experience in field research of these attributes and questionaires
were specific to their respective areas of expertise. Data on attributes was collected relative to
sampling methodolgy and data handling, occurence, habitat characteristics and ecology, as well as
technical literature references where this data was published. The following section reports the
responses to this questionaire, sorted by attribute name.

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Alnus rubra
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: variable
TEMPERATURE: variable
SALINITY: variable
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable (characteristic of estuarine marshes along the northern Pacific coast of North
America)
BIOMASS LEVELS, variable (characteristic of estuarine marshes along the northern Pacific coast of North America)
SEASONALITY: variable (characteristic of estuarine marshes along the northern Pacific coast of North America)
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats systematically located (5-lOm intervals) along transects; % cover of all vascular
plants estimated; leveling survey of quadrat elevation (w.r.t. chart datum); soil samples collected
DESIGN: transects located subjectivly to represent total vegetation variation in marsh; soil samples randomly collected
within plant communities
REPLICATION: a function of vegetation variation (5-20 transectsper marsh); 75-300 quadrats per marsh, 3-5 soil
samples per community
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: disk files & magnetic tapes used on University of British Columbia mainframe AMDAHL (= IBM)
computer
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: exploratory data analysis using multivariate methods in MIDAS & SAS
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: scatter diagrams (PCA,CVA,CANCOR); box plots (medians & interquartilc ranges) for
selected variables; cluster analysis dendograms; 95% confidence ellipses
SOURCES
LOCATION: estuarine marshes along British Columbia coast
REFERENCES:
Bradfield, G.E. and A. Campbell. 1986. Vegetation-elevation correlation in two dyked marshes of northeastern
Vancouver Island: A multivanate analysis. Can. J. Bot. 64:2487-2494.
Bradlield, G.E. and G.L. Porter. 1982. Vegetation structure and diversity components of a Fraser estuary tidal marsh.
Can. J. Bot. 60:440-451.
Campbell, A., and G.E. Bradfield. 1988. Short-term vegetation change after dyke breaching at the Kokish marsh,
northeastern Vancouver Island. Northwest Science 62:28-35.
D-2

-------
Campbell, A., and G.E. Bradfie!d. 1989. Comparison of plant community-environment relations in two estuarine
marshes of northern British Columbia. Can. J. Bot. (in press).
Hutchinson, I., A. Campbell-Prentice, and G.E. Bradfield. 1989. Aquatic plant resources of the Strait of Georgia. in: The
status and ecology of marine and shoreline birds in the Strait of Georgia. edited by K. Vermeer and R.W.
Butler. Can. Wildi. Serv. Special PubI. No.4. Ottawa. In press.
RESPONDENT: Bradfield; Botany Department
D-3

-------
FRJ-UW-89 19
December 1989
ESTUARINE HABITAT ASSESSMENT
SUPPLEMENTS
Prepared by:
CHARLES A. SIMENSTAD, CURTIS D. TANNER,
AND RONALD M. THOM
WETLAND ECOSYSTEM TEAM
FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
Prepared for:
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region 10, Office of Puget Sound
Seattle, WA

-------
Ammodytes hexapterus
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all fish 0+; mean CPUE = 2-4 fish/haul; range of CPUE 1-36 fish/haul
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: most abundant in April-June in all
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 10 ft. x 20 ft. tow net; 10 mm. tows
DESIGN: monthly hauls made at each of 3 sites; 1974-1976; all nighttime samples
REPLICATION: 2 samples per site
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: time series
SOURCES
LOCATION: northern Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L. 1979. Distribution and abundance of fishes occuring in the nearshore surface waters of northern Puget
Sound, Washington. M.S. thesis, University of Washington. 120 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-4

-------
Amphipoda (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /- 6,454 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m.2; induded in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along I transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 03 to
2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /. std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vapcouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and LD. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. bargc
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates. Ltd.
D-5

-------
Amphipoda (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: under cobble, at 0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28 -30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: Amphipodia spp.
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: apx. 100 m-2; patchy
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONAUTy;
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; “V tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES;
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-6

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Ampithoe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: 1/4-3/4 in. gravel spread out over natural mudilat
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adult: mean = 1.1 + /- 1 s.d. = 7.9 m-2; range: 0-55.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: adult: rnean= less than 1 + /- 1 s.d. = less than 10 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: na.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports,
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline, one collection,
early April
REPLICATION; n=50
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5, archived on 9-track mag. tape UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; “jacknife” procedure
used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates
SOURCES
LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal beach graveling experimental site in
upper Bay
REFERENCES:
C. A. Simenstad and i. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-7

-------
Ampithoe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /. 6,484 (study area); mean 8,678 + f. 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m-2; included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump rim by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 03 to
2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriauon process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and i.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates, Ltd.
D-8

-------
Anisogammarus pugettensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt -
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles:mean= 15.4 /- 1 s.d.=41.8 m-2; range. 55.6.166.7 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles:mean=&) +/- 1 s.d.= 210mg m-2; range: 200-778 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in late April
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports,
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal
elevat ion
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, Ide type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber), uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Pori
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-9

-------
Anisogammarus pugettensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+03 ft.. MLLW) brown mud
TEMPERATURE: not available
SAUN1TY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 111.1 +1- 1 s.d.= 111.1 m-2 range: 111.1-222.2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=24 +/- 1 s.d.=2 mg m-2; range: 33-39 m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, lace May 1987
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m.2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and .1. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-10

-------
Anisogammarus pugettensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTfCS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+ 2.3 ft. MLLW) mud; Enteromorpha on surface
TEMPERATURE: not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 18 5 + /- 1 s.d. = 32.1 m-2; range 0-55.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean =489 /- 1 s.d.=850 mg m-2; rangeS 0-1467 m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen, pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient), sampled once, late May 1987
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Sinienstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-11

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Anisogammarus pugettensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABrFAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (-0.1 ft. MLLW) gravel-cobble
TEMPERATURE: not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 1351.9 +\- 1 s.d.=2151.9 m-2; range: 222.2-3833.3 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles. mean= 163 +1- 1 s.d.=27 mg m-2; range: 11-487 m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 1.5 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibnthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubi. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D.12

-------
Anisogammarus pugettensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: adjacent Zostera marina meadow
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =16.0 + /- 1. s.d. = 21.9 m-2; range: 0.0-40.0 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean =7 /- 1 s.d.=10 mg m-2; range: 12-24 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIOUES O.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July)
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation)
SOURCES
LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-L3

-------
Anisogammarus pugettensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; ÷0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean=1.6 s -/- 1 s.d.=4.4 100-cm2; juveniles: mean=13 +/- 1 s.d.4.1 100-cm2, for
high epiphyte plant
BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=0.01 /- 1 s.d.=0.02 mg 100-cm2; juveniles- mean= 1.1 +1- 1 s.d.=3.3, for high
epiphyte plant
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-cm segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in
situ); in laboratory, animals washed out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn
DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along “established” research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n = 2 plants
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed
for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off “Gun Club marsh”
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., J. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-881.3, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
D-14

-------
RESPONDENT Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-L5

-------
Ayes (unid.)
GROUP: avifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: 1) beach; 2) revetment; 3) dune (= Elymus mollis); 4) grass-herb meadow (= Festuca spp.); and 5)
storm tide plain
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 850 gulls on 44 hectares
BIOMASS LEVELS: # of nests & territory size varies by habitat; habitats include 1) beach; 2) revetment; 3) dune; 4)
grass-herb meadow; and 5) storm tide plain
SEASONALITY: breeding and nesting from March through August
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: beach & upland habitats beyond emmergent marsh for Larus occidentalis surveyed, nests counted,
territories measured, % cover measured, nesting chronology recorded, attendance & behavior established
DESIGN: four year study with behavioral observations
REPLICATION: four year study with replications as required for specialized studies
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: field data forms with summary tables & floppy diskinfo; some data on computer cards
STATIS11CAL ANALYSIS: varied, parametric & non-parametric using SPSS contingency tables
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: rough hand drawn graphs at present
SOURCES
LOCATION: East Sand Island, Baker Bay (46o16 lat. 124o30’ long.)
REFERENCES:
Richter, K.O. (in prep.) Habitat and nest site selection in a mixed colony of Western & Glaucous-winged gulls
RESPONDENT: Richter;
D-16

-------
Ayes (unid.)
GROUP: avifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: beaches., dunes, drift wood plains
TEMPERATURE:
SALINiTY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: varied by island, species, etc.
BIOMASS LEVELS
SEASONAL ITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: beach & upland habitats beyond emmergent marsh surveyed, June.September 1977 study of island use
by nesting seabirds; Larus occidentallis, L. Glaucescens, Sterna caspia, sterna spp., & Ardea herodias
DESIGN: 1 year study; counted number of nests and identified habitat
REPLICATION: none; descriptive
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data in published tables
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: published in reports
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River, Baker Bay, Willapa Bay, Grays Harbor, Duwamish River, Port Gardner Bay
REFERENCES:
Peters, C.F., K.O. Richter, DA. Manuwal, and S.G. Herman. 1978. Colinal nestin sea nd wading bird use of estuarine
islands in the Pacific Northwest. Final Rpt. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station D.78-17 200
pp.
RESPONDENT: Richter,
D-17

-------
Ayes (unid.)
GROUP: avifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE:
TEMPERATURE:
SALINFIY:
FOOD:
OTHER: primary bird spp. of eeigrass habitat: amw, bib, gbh, gwg; secondary: bfh, dcc, hgb, mid, and common loon, n.
pincail, others
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONAL ITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: surface scan using telescope, binoculars; aircraft transect censuses of offshore area
DESIGN: predetermined location of transpect of mapped census areas; (see MESA report, Wahi et al. 1981)
REPLICATION: 2-4 wks for surface census; apx. 6 wks by aircraft, in 1978-79
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC 041
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: see MESA report
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: see MESA report
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor (n=53); Padilla Bay (n=35); Jamestown (n=29); aerial surveys (n=21)
REFERENCES:
Wahi, T.R., and S.M. Speich. 1980. Marine bird populations in Washington waters. Impact documentation and long-
term monitoring. Washington Department of Ecology report.
Wahi, T.R., S.M. Speich, D.A. Manuwal, K.V. Hirsch, and C. Miller. 1981. Marine bird populations of the Strait of Jaun
de Fuca, Strait of Georgia, and adjacent waters in 1978 and 1979. EPA-600/7 .81.156.
RESPONDENT: WahI;
D-18

-------
Balanus spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: firm, rough
TEMPERATURE: 7+ C
SALINITY:
FOOD: plankton
OTHER: these species of barnacles (B lanuc crcnatus, B. Glandula) will occur most abundantly between 0-10 ft. below
MLLW; abundant on deeper hard substrata during spring-summer, and during early succession
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-1009 co cr on hard substrata; 0-11,500 m-2; mean=4230 m-2; SD= 4133 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS 0-3710gm m-2. mean’ 2281 g m-2; SD =2367 g m-2
SEASONALITY: peaks from April-September
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: airlift (using SCUBA) by scraping the barnacles from the substrata to sample individual organisms for
counting and weighing; percent cover estimated using 0.25 m2 grid
DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths; see Benson 1989 re. design
REPLICATION: n=3 5 at each depth interval
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: no specific format
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. standardized to per square meter
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts
SOURCES
LOCATION: artificial reefs off Edmonds; Gedney Island, Onamanc Point, Possession Point, Misery Point, Point
Heyer, Toliva Shoal, Itsami Ledge, and Boeing Creek
REFERENCES:
Benson, B.L 1989. Air-lift sampler: Applications for sampling hard substrat. Bull Mar Sci. (in press).
Hueckel, Gi. 1980. Foraging on an artificial reef by three Puget Sound fish species. Wash. Dept. Fish. Tech. Rept. 53.
1 l 0 pp.
Hueckel, GJ., and R.M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs
in Puget Sound, Washington. Wnv. Biol. Fish. 19(3):195-214.
RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-19

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Bivalvia (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand, some Enteromorpha
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 33 . 1$J • 1- 2.092 (study area); mean = 33,822 + /- 19,071 (control); range 21,529 to
61,883 m-2; included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only. August 25. 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump ruh by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.Om
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean +1- std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and i.D. Thompson. 1975. A Suction sampler for quantatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104.398-44)5
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.) B.C. unpublished report to Public Works Candada. 30 pp
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
D-20

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Bivalvia (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28.30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS.
BIOMASS LEVELS 0 rn MLLW 60-500 gin m-2; +0.9 m MLLW. 60-400gm m-2
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T’ tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCA11ON: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, i. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-21

-------
Bivalvia (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE silty sand with occassional rocks and cobble; clayey silts with common wood dibris
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: water c rnents 50-290 ft hr-i during ebb and flood tides
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 40-2240 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: hydraulic lift; Ventari suction device; sampling 0.05 m2 x 100 mm core; sieved through a 05 mm mesh
bag
DESIGN: five stations sampled withinn project area, one in a nearby dredged area; elevations were +0.4 to -10.7 It, all
sampled on 19 October 1983 (1320-1430)
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: simple numerical summaries
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gig Harbor near Donkey Creek, at site of now constructed ‘Murphy’s Landing’, a 90 slip marina where 5
acres of intertidal/subtidal bottom area were developed
REFERENCES:
Cheney, D., C. Cheney, M. Jordan, and M. Kyle. 1983. Turner Marina, Gig Harbor, Washington. Supplemental
Environmental Information.
RESPONDENT: Chene , BioAquatics International
D-22

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Callianassidae (unid.)
GROUP: active infauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: in mixed cobble sediments; in sand at 0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 in or 1.8 m MLLW
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2- <100 m-2; patchy
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cin2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; 1’” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, .1. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-23

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Cancer magister
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand, silty sand, gravel, shell, wood debris, ecigrass, macroalgae covers
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: generally >1.5 ppt
FOOD: any live or freshly dead animal tissue
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: crawls/diver transect: typically 0-100 crab/hectare; can range as high as 5,000 crab/hectare
in areas of crab aggregation; intertidal quadrats: typically 1-10 m-2 but up to 300 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: all seasons
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 3m beam trawl; 2.5-5 mm. tows; generally with bottom coverage of 0.1 to 0.05 hectares/tow; also diver
transects; 0.25 m2 quadrats dug & screened at ow tide; see Miller et al. 1988 for trawl protocol
DESIGN: trawls along transects or at specific stations, diver transects at specific stations, intertidal quadrat samples
along transects or random within selected plots
REPUCATION: replication within strata (generally depth or habitat type) for trawis and diver transects; within habitat
or within plot for quadrat samples (n= up to 30)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: catches standardized to crab/hectare; generally non-parametric statistical procedures or
log-transformation with parametric statistics
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: various locations throughout Puget Sound, Grays Harbor (complete list of sampling sites available)
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, D.A.., J.L. Armstrong, and PA. Dinnel. 1987. Ecology and population dynamics of Dungeness crab, Cancer
magister, in Ship Harbor, Anacortes, Washington. Final Rpt. for Leeward Development Company and
Washington Department of Fisheries. FRI-UW-8701.
Armstrong, D.A., T.C. Wainwright, i. Orensanz, PA. Dinnel, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1987. Model of dredging impact on
Dungeness crab in Grays Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. to Battelle Northwest Laboratories and U.S. Army
Corp of Engineers. FRI-U W-8701. 67 pp.
D.24

-------
Dinnel, PA. R.R. Lauth, D.A. Armstrong, J.L. Armstrong, K. Larsen, and S.D. Sulkin. 1989. Marine lish predation on
juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Padilla Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. to NOAA/NOS/OCRM,
Marine and Estuarine Management Division by School of Fisheries. University of Washington, Seattle. In
preparation.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, and T.C. Wainwright. 1986. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab,
Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1986. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8611. 34 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, T.C. Wainwright, AJ. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987.
Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer rnagister, habitat study. Final Rpt. to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the
Washington State Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle.
FRI-UW-8704. 78 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1986. Impact of dredging and dredged material disposal on
Dungeness crab, Cancer magisler, in Grays Harbor, Washington during October 1985. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW.8606. 30 pp.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and C. Dungan. 1985. Initiation of a Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) habitat study in
North Puget Sound. pages 327.337 in Proceedings of the Symposium on Dungeness Crab Biology and
Management. Alaska Sea Grani RN No. 85-3, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Dinnel, PA., DA Armstrong, and R 0 McMillan. (in prep.) Settlement patterns, timing, and early post-larval growth
of Dungeness crab, Cancer magisler. in Puget Sound, Washington. Manuscript in preparation tori. Marine
Biology.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R C) McMillan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, resources in Oak
Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt (or the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries.
University of Washington, Scatilc 23 pp
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R 0 McMillan. 1986. Dungeness crab, Cancer magisler, distribution, recruitment,
growth, and habitat use in Lummi Ba). Washington. Final Rpt. for the Lummi Indian Tribe by Fisheries
Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRi-U W-8612. 61 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1988. Invertebrate resource assessments in and around proposed
dredged materials disposal sites in Puget Sound. in: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Puget
Sound Research. Vol 1:337-343. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, B.S. Miller, and R.F. Donnelly. 1986. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
disposal site investigations: Phase I trawl studies in Saratoga Passage, Port Gardner, Elliott Bay, and
Commencement Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research
Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8615. 208 pp.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, and K. Larsen. 1988. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
disposal site investigations Phase Ii trawl studies in north and south Puget Sound. Invertebrate resource
assessments. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant and Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School
of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FR1-UW-8818. 92 pp.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, T.C. Wainwright, J.L Armstrong, and K. Larsen. 1988. U.s. Navy Homeport
disposal site investigations in Port Gardner, Washington. Invertebrate resource assessments. Two-year Final
Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries,
University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8820. 25 pp.
Dinnel, PA, G. Jamieson, B.S. Miller, DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth. 1987. Use of Pisces IV submersible for
determining the distribution of Dungenss crab, shrimp, and bottomfish in Port Gardner, Washington. Final Rpt.
for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and U.S. Navy by Fisheries Research Institute,
University of Washington, Seattle. FRi-U W-8709. 16 pp.
Dumbauld, B.R., DA. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, and PA. Dinnel 1988. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab,
Cancer inagiscer, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1987. Final RpL. for Seattle District, U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle FRI-UW-8820. 25 pp.
McGraw, K.A., L.L Conquest, i.O. Wailer, PA. Dinnel, and DA. Armstrong. 1988. Entrainment of Dungeness crabs,
Cancer magister Dana, by hopper dredge in Grays Harbor, Washington. I. Shellfish Res. 7(2):219.231. Paper
also presented by K.A. Chew at the National Sheilfisheries Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
Louisiana, June 1988.
Miller, B.S., DR. Gunderson, D.A. Armstrong, PA. Dinnel, and R.F. Donnelly. 1988 Recommended protocols for
standardized collections of Puget Sound bouomfish. Final Rpt. to Tetra Tech, Inc. and Office of Puget Sound,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. 42 pp.
RESPONDENT: Dinnel; School of Fisheries
D-25

-------
Cancer magister
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand or silty sand often with detrital cover
TEMPERATURE: 7-14 C
SALINITY: >25ppt
FOOD: any live or freshly dead animal tissue
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: typically in r ngc of 0-100 crab/heccare; can range as high as 5,000 crab/hectare in areas of
crab aggregation
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: all seasons, but csp summer/fall for deepest areas and winter for shallow subtidal
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 3m beam trawl; 2 .3-5 mm. tows; generally with bottom coverage of 0.1 to 0.05 hectares/tow also diver
transects; see Miller Ct al. 1988 for trawl protocol
DESIGN: 1) samples along multiple transects at preset depths; 2) random samples; or 3) stratified random sampling by
depth; also Pisces IV submersible in Pt. Gardner
REPLICATION: replication within strata (generally depth strata) but not within station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: catches standardized to crab/hectare; generally non-parametric statistical procedures or
log-transformation with parametric statistics
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: various locations throughout Puge Sound, Grays Harbor (complete list of sampling sites available)
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, DA., ii. Armstrong, and PA. Dinnel. 1987. Ecology and population dynamics of Dungeness crab, Cancer
magister, in Ship Harbor, Anacortes, Washington. Final Rpt. for Leeward Development Company and
Washington Department of Fisheries. FRI-U W-8701.
Armstrong, DA., T.C. Wainwright, J. Orensanz, PA. Dinnel, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1987. Model of dredging impact on
Dungeness crab in Grays Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. to Battelle Northwest Laboratories and U.S. Army
Corp of Engineers. FRI-UW-8701. 67 pp.
D-26

-------
Dinnel, PA. R.R. Lauth, D.A. Armstrong, J.L. Armstrong, K. Larsen, and S.D. Sulkin. 1989. Marine fish predation on
juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Padilla Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. to NOAA/NOS/OCRM,
Marine and Estuarine Management Division by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. In
preparation.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, and T.C. Wainwriglit. 1986. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab,
Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1986. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8611. 34 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, T.C. Wainwright, AJ. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987
Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, habitat study. Final Rpt. to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the
Washington State Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
FRI-UW-8704. 78 pp.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld 1986. Impact of dredging and dredged material disposal on
Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during October 1985. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8606. 30 pp
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and C. Dungan. 1985. Initiation of a Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) habitat study in
North Puget Sound. pages 327-337 in: Proceedings of the Symposium on Dungeness Crab Biology and
Management. Alaska Sea Grant Rpt. No. 85-3, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. (in prep.) Settlement patterns, timing, and early post-larval groMh
of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Puget Sound, Washington. Manuscript in preparation for J. Marine
Biology.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, resources in Oak
Harbor, Washington Final Rpt. for the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries,
University of Washington, Seattle 23 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1986. Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, distribution, recruitment,
growth, and habitat use in Lummi Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for the Lummi Indian Tribe by Fisheries
Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8612 61 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1988. Invertebrate resource assessments in and around proposed
dredged materials disposal sites in Puget Sound. in: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Puget
Sound Research. Vol 1:337-343. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, B.S. Miller, and R.F. Donnelly. 1986. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
disposal site investigations: Phase I trawl studies in Saratoga Passage, Port Gardner, Elliott Bay, and
Commencement Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research
Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8615. 208 pp.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, and K. Larsen. 1988. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
disposal site investigations: Phase II trawl studies in north and south Puget Sound. invertebrate resource
assessments. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant and Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School
of Fisheries., University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8818. 92 pp. -
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, T.C. Wainwright, J.L. Armstrong, and K. Larsen. 1988. U.S. Navy Homeport
disposal site investigations in Port Gardner, Washington. Invertebrate resource assessments. Two-year Final
Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries,
University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8820. 25 pp.
Dinnel, PA., G. Jamieson, B.S. Miller, DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth. 1987. Use of Pisces IV submersible for
determining the distribution of Dungenss crab, shrimp, and bottomfish in Port Gardner, Washington. Final Rpt.
for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and U.S. Navy by Fisheries Research institute,
University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W .8709. 16 pp.
Dumbauld, BR., DA. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, and PA. Dinnel 1988. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab,
Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1987. Final Rpi. for Seattle District, U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8820. 25 pp.
McGraw, K.A., LL Conquest, J.O. Wailer, PA. Dinnel, and DA. Armstrong. 1988. Entrainment of Dungeness crabs,
Cancer magister Dana, by hopper dredge in Grays Harbor, Washington. J. Shellfish Res. 7(2):219-231. Paper
also presented by K.A. Chew at the National Sheilfisheries Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
Louisiana, June 1988.
Miller, B.S., D.R. Gunderson, DA. Armstrong, PA. Dinnel, and R.F. Donnelly. 1988. Recommended protocols for
standardized collections of Puget Sound bottomfish. Final Rpt. to Tetra Tech, Inc. and Office of Puget Sound,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. 42 pp.
RESPONDENT: Dijmel; School of Fisheries
D.27

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Cancer magister
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: clean sands to fine day/mud
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: O- 32 ppt
FOOD: ainphipods (Corophium spp.), Macoma spp., polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods, Crangon franciscosum,
Neomysis spp., Archaemysis, cumacea, etc.
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-100,000 hectare
BIOMASS LEVELS: available from NMFS, Hammond, Oregon
SEASONALITY: young of year in May-August; 1 +,2+ in October-December
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 8 m Maclnovitch trawl; 5 mm. tows; distance measured; 83 m vessel; trawl with liner in cod-end;
crabs, shrimp, and fish were identified, measured (mm), and weighed
DESIGN: once or twice monthly for 1 year, multiple stations
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCii NMFS format; stored on NWAFC Burroughs computer; archived on tape
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number/hectare; length frequency analysis; annual variations; Kruski-Wallace non-
parametric test, length/weight (log.log) relationships
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: bar graphs of catches, lengths
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River estuary, Oregon-Washington; specific locations available from NMFS
REFERENCES:
McCabe, G.T., and RJ. McConnell. 1989. Abundance and size-class structure of Dungeness crabs in or near frequently-
dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent Seattle, WA. 22 pp.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-28

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Cancer spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble over sand or silty sand, often with some plant cover
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: >15 ppt
FOOD: any live or freshly dead animal tissue
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: typically 1-10 m-2; highs of 100-200 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: all year
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats dug & screend from intertidal areas; see Miller et al. 1988 for trawl protocol
DESIGN: random with habitat type along transects or within sampling plots
REPLICATION: up to 30 reps within plots; usually 3 reps/habitat type for transects
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS catches standardized to crab/hectare, generally non-parametric statistical procedures or
log-transformation with parametric statistics
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: various locations throughout Puget Sound, Grays Harbor (complete list of sampling sites available)
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, D.A., JI. Armstrong, and PA. Dinnel. 1987. Ecology and population dynamics of Dungeness crab, Cancer
magister, in Ship Harbor, Anacortes, Washington. Final Rpt. for Leeward Development Company and
Washington Department of Fisheries. FRI-UW-8701.
Armstrong, DA., T.C. Wainwright, i. Orensanz, PA. Dinnel, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1987. Model of dredging impact on
Dungeness crab in Grays Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. to Battelle Northwest Laboratories and U.S. Army
Corp of Engineers. FRI-U W-8701. 67 pp.
Dinnel, PA. R.R. Lauth, D.A. Armstrong, Ji.... Armstrong, K. Larsen, and S.D. Sulkin 1989. Marine fish predation on
juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Padilla Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. to NOAA/NOS/OCRM,
Marine and Estuarine Management Division by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. In
preparation.
D-29

-------
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, and T.C. Wainwright. 1986. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab,
Cancer tnagister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1986. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8611. 34 pp.
Diane!, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, T.C. Wainwright, A.J. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987.
Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, habitat study. Final Rpt. to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the
Washington State Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle.
FRI-UW-8704. 78 pp.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1986. Impact of dredging and dredged material disposal on
Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during October 1985. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8606. 30 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and C. Dungan. 1985. Initiation of a Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) habitat study in
North Puget Sound. pages 327-337 in: Proceedings of the Symposium on Dungeness Crab BIoldgy and
Management. Alaska Sea Grant Rpt. No. 85-3, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. (in prep.) Settlement patterns, timing, and early post-larval growth
of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Puget Sound, Washington. Manuscript in preparation for J. Marine
Biology.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer rnagister, resources in Oak
Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. for the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries,
University of Washington, Seattle. 23 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1986. Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, distribution, recruitment,
growth, and habitat use in Lummi Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for the Lummi Indian Tribe by Fisheries
Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8612. 61 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1988. Invertebrate resource assessments in and around proposed
dredged materials disposal sites in Puget Sound. in: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Puget
Sound Research. Vol 1:337-343. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, B.S. Miller, and R.F. Donnelly. 1986. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
disposal site investigations: Phase I trawl studies in Saratoga Passage, Port Gardner, Elliott Bay, and
Commencement Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research
Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8615. 208 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, and K. Larsen. 1988. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
disposal site investigations: Phase II trawl studies in north and south Puget Sound. Invertebrate resource
assessments. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant and Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School
of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8818. 92 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, T.C. Wainwright, J.L. Armstrong, and K. Larsen. 1988 U.S. Navy Homeport
disposal site investigations in Port Gardner, Washington. Invertebrate resource assessments. Two-year Final
Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries,
University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8820. 25 pp.
Dinnel, PA., G. Jamieson, B.S. Miller, DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth. 1987. Use of Pisces IV submersible for
determining the distribution of Dungenss crab, shrimp, and bottomfish in Port Gardner, Washington. Final Rpt.
for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and U.S. Navy by Fisheries Research Institute,
University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW.8709. 16 pp.
Dumbauld, B.R., DA. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, and PA. Dinnel 1988. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab,
Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1987. Final Rpt. for Seattle District, U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8820. 25 pp.
McGraw, K.A., LL Conquest, J.O. Wailer, PA. Dinnel, and D.A. Armstrong. 1988. Entrainment of Dungeness crabs,
Cancer magiscer Dana, by hopper dredge in Grays Harbor, Washington. J. Shellfish Res. 7(2):219-231. Paper
also presented by K.A. Chew at the National Shelifisheries Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
I.ouisiana, June 1988.
Miller, B.S., DR. Gunderson, DA. Armstrong, PA. Dinnel, and R.F. Donnelly. 1988. Recommended protocols for
standardized collections of Puget Sound bottomfish. Final Rpt. to Tetra Tech, Inc. and Office of Puget Sound,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. 42 pp.
RESPONDENF: Dinnel; School of Fisheries
D-30

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Cancer spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on boulders, under cobble, in mixed sediments, O-+0.9 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; “T tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: ALki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D.31

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Caprella Iaeviuscula
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OThER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults:mean=298.9 /- 1 s.d.=774.7 m-2; range: 0-5111.1 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: adults:mean = 150.7 + /- 1 s.d. = 345.2 mg m-2; range: 0-2600 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-June
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal
elevation
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Sixnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-32

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CapreHa laeviuscula
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACFERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =816.0 /- 1. s.d.=881.2 m-2; range: 600-1840 m-2; combined adults:
mean = 848.0 + /- 1 s.d = 10580 m-2; range: 1440-2200 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =494 +1- 1 s.d.=880 mg m-2; range: 60.2036mg m-2; combined adults:
mean = 1956 + /- 1 s.d = 2570 mg m-2; range: 2024-5900 mg rn-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July)
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape © UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation)
SOURCES
LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data.
RESPONDENT: Sixnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-33

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Carex Iyngbei
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand silt
TEMPERATURE
SALINiTY: 0 ppt (freshwater)
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: one sampling only Sept. 1987
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Braun-Blonquet sociability classes (1 to 5); abundance & coverage (+,1- l)
DESIGN: 10 plots; 1 m2 plots; to obtain natural marsh coverage data at marina development site prior to construction,
compensation site monitoring: species i.d.; 1 m2 plots (n= 15); aerial color photographs
REPLICATION: n=1O-15
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: raw data; not processed; compensation monitoring on going
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: data will be processed this fall
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: data will be processed this fall
SOURCES
LOCATION: Bridge Pont Harbour Market site North Arm (immediately below Oak St. Bridge in Richmond);
compensation site on south side of Mitchell Island (immediately downstream of Arrow Transfer)
REFERENCES:
Williams, G.L 1985. Outline of habitat compensation for proposed Bridge Point Harbour Market development,
Richmond, B.C. unpubi. report for North Fraser Harbour Commission, Richmond. 35 pp.
Williams, G.L 1989. Final report on marsh construction.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates, Ltd.
D -34

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Carex lyngbei
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand-mud
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: 0.0 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: 1392 g m2; net primary productivity 529 g C m-2 yr-i
SEASONALITY: spring-fall
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: standing stockS 0.25 or 1.0 m2 quadrats
DESIGN: random samples within strata
REPLICATION: 2-30
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics” data files; Lotus ’ files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES. line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Grays Harbor, Putallup River estuary
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M, CA. Simenstad, and E.O. Salo. 1987. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary,
Washington. Phase I report: Construction and initial monitoring, July 1985-December 1986 Fisheries Research
Institute, University of Washington, FRI-UW-8706. 85 pp.
Thom, R.M, CA. Simenstad, D.K. shreffler, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the
Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase II report: Year two monitoring, January. December 1987. Fisheries
Research Institute, University of Washington, FRI-UW-8812.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-35

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Carex Jyngbei
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand to day
TEMPERATURE: soil temp 12-16 C in May
SALINITY: 0-12 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: redox. (+)155-(-)435 mV
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: 1500 g dry weight m-2
SEASONAL ITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects; continuous presence/absence data, added to 16 environmental stations; sampled
weekly at environmental plots for phenology, growth, salinity, temperature
DESIGN: sampled production at end of season
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals
SOURCES
LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork
REFERENCES:
Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh. PhD dissertation, University of
Washington.
Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. J. Bot. 61:1105-1116.
Ewing, K. 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh.
Estuaries 9:49-62.
Ewing. K. 1989. (manuscript)
RESPONDENT: Ewing, Range Science Department
D-36

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Chironomidae, larvae/pupae
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt and detritus; decaying marsh litter and trapped eelgrass and other debris
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: marsh vegetation dominated by Scirpus, Triglochin, and Distichlis
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS, juveniles and adults combined: mean =305.6 + /- 1 s.d. = 354.0 m-2; range = 111.1-1000.0 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=26 +1- 1 s.d.=30 mg m-2, range=6-78 mg m-2
SEASONAL!TY: most abundant in early-March (only sampled twice, in March)
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIOUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line bisecting marsh vegetation along same
tidal elevation
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; high intertidal emergent marsh within Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-37

-------
Chironomidae, larvae/pupae
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-clay on flats; silt to medium sand in channels
TEMPERATURE 8 degrees C (February) to 20 degrees C (June)
SALINITY: 0 to 7 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean= 397.6 +/- 1 s.d.= 401.9 rn-2; range: 12.5-888.9 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: mean= 182.3 +/-1 s.d.=352.6 mgrn-2; range: 1-711mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-April
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect lines transecting tidal flats and channels;
epibenthos sampled monthly, March-June 1987
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise, Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Lincoln Avenue restored wetland system, Puyallup river estuary, Washington; surface of unvegetated
(non-planted, few recruited marsh vascular plants)
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, D. K. Shreffler, i. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1988. The Lincoln Avenue wetland system
in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington: Phase II report; year two monitoring, January-December 1987 FRI.
UW-8812, Ann. Rep. to Port of Tacoma, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA 80 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-38

-------
Chironomidae, larvae/pupae
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-clay on flats; silt to medium sand in channels
TEMPERATURE: 8 degrees C (February) to 20 degrees C (June)
SAUNITY: 0 to 7 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =149.7 + /- 1 s.d. = 117.9 m-2; rangeS 0-2873 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: mean =8.5 + /- 1 s.d.6.0 mg m-2; range: 0-14mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in March
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect lines transecting tidal flats and channels;
epibenthos sampled monthly, March-June 1987
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise, Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Lincoln Avenue restored wetland system, Puyallup river estuary, Washington; surface of vegetated
(planted Care; endemic Typha) flat
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, D. K. Shreffler, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1988. The Lincoln Avenue wetland system
in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington: Phase II report; year two monitoring, January-December 1987 FRI.
UW-8812,, Ann. Rep. to Port of Tacoma 1 Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA 80 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-39

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Chironomidae, larvae/pupae
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-clay on flats; silt to medium sand in channels
TEMPERATURE: 8 degrees C (February) to 20 degrees C (June)
SALINITY: 0 to 7 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean=314.8 +1- 1 s.d.=3088 m-2; range: 0-64819 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: mean=21.8+/- 1 s.d.=21.6 mg m-2; range: 0-50mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect lines transecting tidal flats and channels;
epibenthos sampled monthly, March-June 1987
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape ( j UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise, Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Lincoln Avenue restored wetland system, Puyallup river estuary, Washington; tidal channel draining
vegetated flat
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, D. K. Shreffler, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1988. The Lincoln Avenue wetland system
in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington: Phase II report; year two monitoring, January-December 1987 FRI-
UW-8812, Ann. Rep. to Port of Tacoma, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 80 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-40

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Clinocardium nutalli
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0 m MLLW: 30-160 m-2; +0.9 m MLLW 60-125 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0 m MLLW 40-740 gm m-2; +0.9 mMLLW. 10-625 gm m-2
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METhODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cin2 quadrats; all organisms identified; 6 mm mesh screen
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; T” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES.
SOURCES
LOCATION: S central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-41

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Clinocardium nutalli
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine to medium sand to clay hardpan; shell debris abundant on unconsolidated substrate; nearly all
clams (96%) were in sand to cobble sediments at 0 to -8 ft
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0 to -5 Ii: 24.5 m-2; -5 to -8 It: 2.0 m-2; -8 to -15 ft: 0.0 m-2; -15 to -25 ft: 0.7 m-2; below -25
It: 0.0, mean=93 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: mean=76.5 g m-2
SEASONALITY: none; not measured
SAMPLING METhODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: venturi dredge; 6 in (i.d.) hydraulic suction dredge; clams were collected in a 0.75 in mesh vexar bag;
substrate vacuumed with in a 0.25 m2 quadrat to a depth of 50 cm
DESIGN: samples from stations fixed by a predetermined transect perpendicular to shore at depths of -0.4 to -480 ft
(MLLW); all sampled on August 15, 1986
REPLICATION: none, 22 samples overall
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: simple spreadsheets
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none; basic data summary only
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Elliott Bay immediately west of piers 90-91
REFERENCES:
BioAquatics International (D. Cheney). 1986. Distribution and abundance of subtidal hardshell clams at the Elliott Bay
Marina project site. Elliott Bay Marina Group. Project Rpt. 11 pp.
RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International
D-42

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Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand to mud
TEMPERATURE: seasonally variable; range 5-18 C
SALINITY: seasonally variable; range 15-30 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean (per site) = 12-3557 fish/haul; range of 1 to 29,350 fish/haul
BIOMASS LEVELS: available, not analyzed
SEASONALITY: most fish were 0+ herring; most abundant in June-September
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm tow net; 10 minute tow, 2 boat surface trawl
DESIGN: monthly samples collected at 6 eelgrass sites from July 1974-August 1976
REPLICATION: 2 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA; hard copy
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: nothern Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Fresh, KL. 1979. Distribution and abundance of fishes occuring in the nearshore surface waters of northern Puget
Sound, Washington. M.S. thesis, University of Washington., Seattle. 120 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-43

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: steep rocky slopes; some attached kelp; very exposed
TEMPERATURE: 5-13 C; mean =83 to 9.6
SALINITY: 21-31 ppt.; mean = 27.5 to 28.1
FOOD: available
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean CPUE/site apx. 31-2312; range of monthly CPUE 1 to 20,269
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY. primarily age 0+ herring; most abundant June-August
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm tow net; 2 boat surface trawl
DESIGN: 10 mm. tows; all night sets;3 rocky deep sites in northern Puget Sound; monthly between July 1974-August
1976
REPLICATION: 2 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA; hard copy
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: time series
SOURCES
LOCATION: nothern Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L. 1979. Distribution and abundance of fishes occuring in the nearshore surface waters of northern Puget
Sound, Washington. M.S. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. 120 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-44

-------
Clupea harengus paflasi
GROUP. motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble
TEMPERATURE: available
SALINITY: available
FOOD:
OTHER.
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean CPUE = 1.4 fish/haul
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: no consistent pattern
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm tow net, two boat surface trawl
DESIGN: areas were sampled from April-June 1978 in Nisqually Reach; day & night time hauls, 10 mm. tows
REPLICATION: multiple tows in the area on each sampling trip
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Nisqually Reach
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries
Research Institute, FRI-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-45

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: variable
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: CPUE = 0 to 14,066; highest catches in August
BIOMASS LEVELS: not known
SEASONALITY: not sufficiently sampled
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNiQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm tow net; two boat surface trawl; 10 mm.
DESIGN: hauls made June-September 1977,1978; all night time
REPLICATION: no consistent replication
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data sheets & computer
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Nisqually Reach
REFERENCES:
Fresh, KJ..., D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final xeport to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries
Research Institute, FRI-U W-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-46

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: variable
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: CPUE = 51 fish/haul
BIOMASS LEVELS: not known
SEASONALITY: not sufficiently samplcd
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 3.ln, x 6.lm tow net; Iwo boat surface trawl; 10 mm
DESIGN: samples collected April-June 1978; samples pooled by area
REPLICATION: multiple hauls per area
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSiS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Nisqually Reach
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in the
Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries
Research Institute, FRI-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-47

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble; some small amounts of kelp, eelgrass, other submergent plants at some sites
TEMPERATURE 6-16 C; mean = 8.8-10.2 C
SALINITY: 20-30 ppt; mean 26.6-301 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean CPIE r i tc = 10-484; range 1-2,903 fish/haul
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: most abundant Junc•Scplcmbcr; most fish 0+ herring; length frequencies available
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 3.lm x 6.lm to net. two boat surface trawl; 10 mm. tows
DESIGN: monthly sampling July 1974-August 1976; night time samples; 6 gravel/cobble sites in northern Puget Sound
(San Jaun Island area); Cherry Point, Padilla area
REPLICATION:
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA; hard copy also
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: time series
SOURCES
LOCATION: San Jaun Island area; Cherry Point area; Padilla area
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L. 1979. Distribution and abundance of fishes occuring in the nearshore surface water of northern Puget Sound,
Washington. M.S. thesis, University of Washington. 120 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-48

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean =45 4 + /- I s.d. = 116 8 m-2; range: 0-388.7 rn-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: (standing crop data not summarized)
SEASONALITY: maxima in late May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30-rn from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats, small catches retained, large catches
subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt.)
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing a op (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 rn MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-49

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: predominately sand to mud with some eelgrass
TEMPERATURE: 5-20 C
SALINITY: 15-30 ppt.
FOOD: detailed diet data available
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-20,000
BIOMASS LEVELS: unknown
SEASONALITY: consistently present,; most abundant in summer & early fall; primarily young of year
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37m beach seine; 30m set; floating
DESIGN: monthly hauls made at 6 sites throughout Puget Sound by beach seine; 1979- 1981
REPLICATION: 2 samples per site
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: time series
SOURCES
LOCATION: Nisqually Reach, Bainbridge Island
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L, R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitlish, and their potential predators
and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department
of Fisheries Progress Report No. 145.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D.50

-------
Clupea harengus paHasi
GROUP. motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand to mud
TEMPERATURE: available but not summarized
SALINITY: available but not summarized
FOOD: available
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 51; mostly young of the year; most abundant late spring
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: most abundant in late spring
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37m beach seine; floating
DESIGN: weekly or twice weekly samples collected February-July 1978, both day & night hauls made; 3 eelgrass sites
sampled; 30m hauls
REPLICATION: 2 samples per site
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA; computerized & soft copy
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Nisqually Reach
REFERENCES:
Fresh, KL, D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in Nisqually
Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research
Institute, FRJ-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-51

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: unknown
TEMPER.ATURE available
SALINITY: available
FOOD: see Fresh et aL (1981)
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all size classes captured; data available but not summarized
BIOMASS LEVELS: -
SEASONALITY: insufficient data
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 500m x 55m purse seine (2 cm mesh)
DESIGN: 3 sampling trips made in 1979 in Puget Sound; various sites were sampled; both day & night hauls
REPLICATION: same sites
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: N/A
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: N/A
SOURCES
LOCATION: Puget Sound (south of Possession Point)
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L., R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitlish, and their potential predators
and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department
of Fisheries Progress Report No. 145.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-52

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTiCS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: unknown
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: unknown
FOOD: detailed food habits data available
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-apx 60 ions (mostly I + herring)
BIOMASS LEVELS: unknown
SEASONALITY: not sufficiently sampled
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 500m x 55m purse seine (2cm mesh)
DESIGN: 3 sampling trips made 1979-80 in south & central Puget Sound; numerous sites sampled; day & night trawis
made
REPLICATION: varied
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODL/MESA
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: south & central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Fresh, KL., R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitfish, and their potential predators
and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department
of Fisheries Progress Report No 145.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-53

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: various
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: Corophiuni spp., calanoid copepods. insects, mysids, Daphnia spp., etc.
OTHER: tidal stage, time of day, tidal height
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-40,000/set. dcpcnds on schooling fish and hatchery releases
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: highest numbers in cummcr/1 ll depending on species of concern and area in estuary
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: purse seine; collect, idcntif , measure, and weigh fish species; sample once/month depending on
study, sometimes more intensive during salmonid migration
DESIGN: 10-200 rn deep; 03 in. stretch mesh, knotless bunt; 2 vessels used, seining done all at flood, high slack tide
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCii NMFS format, species code; transformed to CPUE
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA on logged (x +1) data; chi-square
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length-frequency distribution; numbers/month; # species/month
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River estuary
REFERENCES:
McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, and Ri. McConnell. 1987. Abundance and sizc-cLiss structure of Dungcncss crabs in or
near frequently-dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubi. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 31 pp.
McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, T.C. Colby, and R.J. McConnell. 1986. Distribution, abundance, and size-class structure of
Dungeness crabs in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubi. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent.. Seattle, WA. 57 pp.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-54

-------
Corbicula maniiensis
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine sand; silt clay with high organics (wood chips)
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: algal, micro flora on detritus particles
OTHER: currents, wave action on flats
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-60,000 m-2 depending on species
BIOMASS LEVELS: available at MFS
SEASONALITY: peaks in spring of fall-winter depending on species and station location
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.05 Powan dredge; samples were collected during high tide from vessel, washed through .595 (#30)
mesh si; preserved in forinalin (10%) and then identified in lab
DESIGN: quarterly samples of many (non-random) selected sites throughout the estuary
REPLICATION: n=2 per station for invertebrates; n= 1 for sediment structure
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: on paper, never archived properly
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number m-2 at each station/season; sediment grain size
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River estuary
REFERENCES:
Durkin, J.T., and R.L. Emmett. 1978. Benthic invertebrates of Baker Bay, Young’s Bay, and adjacent areas in the
Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-55

-------
Corophium salmonis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean 13 + /. 1 s.d. =93 m-2; range =0-55.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=3 mg /- 1 s.d.=2 mg m-2; range=0-111 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima observed in late March
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of five transects across littoral flat;
transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988)
REPLICATION: n= 10 at habitat level; n=5 at microhabitat level
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel ’-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Stagraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately
east of marina breakwater
REFERENCES:
Thorn, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflacs and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingharn, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-56

-------
Corophium spinicorne
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: upper 15 cm of water column
TEMPERATURE: 11-22 C
SALINITY: 0-7 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: water discharge (c(s)
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: 02 rn-3; nymphs: 0.1 rn-3
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0.17% of total biomass
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Neuston net (253 urn mesh)
DESIGN: Bi-weekly sampling; 5 mm. tows; volume sampled quantified using flow meter; sample sieved through 150 urn
mesh sieve
REPLICA11ON: n =1
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT:
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: Lincoln Ave. wetland, Puyallup River, Tacoma WA
REFERENCES:
Shreffler, D.K. 1989. Temporary residence and foraging by juvenile salmon in a restored estuarine wetland. M.S. thesis,
Univ. of Washington. 100 pp.
RESPONDENT: Shreffler; Fisheries Research Institute
D-57

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine-sand, mud; scattered, sparse eelgrass, Ulva and Enteromorpha
TEMPERATURE: 16 to 17 degrees C
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles mean • 27.8 + /. 1 s.d. = 24.0; range: 55.6-222.2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles, mean • 2 • I. 1.0 s.d. = 1.4 mg m-2, range: 1-44 mg rn-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen, pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: 100-rn x 100-rn sampling grid established on tidal flat; ten permanent sites selected from random coordinates;
sampled late June/early July and two weeks later (to test effects of Sevin application)
REPLICATION: n =10
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Wilapa Bay, Washington; intertidal oyster tracts on Bay Center Channel, between Bone River channel
and Bay Center Cutoff Channel
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) Effects of Sevin application on littoral llai meiofauna. Preliminary
sampling on Willapa Bay, June-July 1988 Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seaule, WA.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-58

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACrERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juvenilesmean= 15.8 +1- 1 s.d.=53.6 m-2; range. 62.5-222.2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles:mean = 2 + /- 1 s.d. = 10 mg m-2; range. 13-22 mg rn-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 1.30-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal
elevation
REPLICATION. n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @‘ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise K.ruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, i. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-59

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-clay on flats; silt to medium sand in channels
TEMPERATURE: 8 degrees C (February) to 20 degrees C (June)
SALINITY: 0 to 7 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=55.6 +/- 1 s.d.= 111.1 m-2; range: 0-222.2 m-2 (no other life history stages
found)
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=53 +1-1 s.d.= 11.0mg m-2; range: 0-22mg m-2(no other life history stages
found)
SEASONALITY: ma dma in May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect lines transecting tidal flats and channels;
epibenthos sampled monthly, March-June 1987
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise, Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Lincoln Avenue restored wetland system, Puyallup river estuary, Washington; tidal channel draining
vegetated flat
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, D. K. Shreffler, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1988. The Lincoln Avenue wetland system
in the Puyallup River estuary, Washington: Phase H report; year two monitoring. January-December 1987 FRI.
UW-8812, Ann. Rep. to Port of Tacoma, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 80 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-60

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE 1/2 to 3/4 in. gravel placed over sandflat
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=1.1 +/- 1 s.d.=7.9 m-2; range: 0-55.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined. mean=less than 1 +/- 1 s.d.= less than 1 mg m-2; rangeS 0-6mg
m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection,
early April
REPLICATION: n=50
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; “jacknife’ procedure
used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates
SOURCES
LOCATION: Bywater Bay, northern Hood Canal, Washington; WDF beach graveling experimental site
REFERENCES:
C. A. Sirnenstad and i. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubi.) Fish. Res. Insi, Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-61

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: 1/4-3/4 in. gravel spread out over natural mudflat
TEMPERATURE.
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 138.9 + /- 1 s.d. = 92.0 m.2; rangc 55.6-500.0 m-2
BIOM.ASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 5 + /- 1 s.d. =1 mg rn-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METhODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline, one collection,
early April
REPLICATION: n = 50
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; ‘jacknile procedure
used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates
SOURCES
LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal beach graveling experimental site in
upper Bay
REFERENCES:
C. A. Sirnenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubi.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-62

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACrERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine mud
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS• juveniles and adults combined: mean=582.2 1- I s.d =618.7 m-2; range: 55.6-3666.7 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS, juveniles and adults combined: mean =5 +/- I s.d = 1 mg m-2; range 0-6 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection,
early April
REPLICATION. n=50
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; “jacknife’ procedure
used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates
SOURCES
LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal muduiat control to WDF beach graveling
experimental site
REFERENCES:
. A. Simenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA
.ESPONDENT; Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-63

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (÷03 ft. MLLW) brown mud
TEMPERATURE: not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =92.6 + /- 1 s.d.= 115.6 m-2; range: 55.6-222.2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: rnean=6 +/- 1 s.d.=1 mg m-2 range: 6-11 m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and 3. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-64

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+ 23 ft. MLLW) mud; Enteromorpha on surface
TEMPERATURE: not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=5183 ÷1 . 1 s.d.=898.1 rn-2; range: 0-1555.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles, mean = 22 + /- 1 s.d. = 4 mg m-2; range: 0-67 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized io m-2, log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M, C. A. Simenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpub!. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad, Fisheries Research Institute
D-65

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTR.ATE: mid-intertidal (+ 2.6 ft. MLLW) gravel-cobble
TEMPERATURE not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=37.0 ÷/. 1 s.d.=32.1 m-2; range: 0-55.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 4 + /- 1 s.d. = 1 mg m-2; range: 0-60 mg m-2
SEASONAllY: na.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987
REPLICATION: n = 3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom. R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and i. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marine expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDEWF: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-66

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vaucheria covered flats much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: rnean= 17.0 /- 1 s.d.=43.7 m-2; range=55.6-1611.1 m-2 (no other life history
stages found)
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =2mg +1- 1 s.d.=O mg m-2; range=6-89 mg m-2 (no other life history stages
found)
SEASONALITY: maxima observed in late June (last sampling date)
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of live transects across littoral flat;
transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-June 1988
REPLICATION: n= 10 at habitat level; n=5 at microhabitat level
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m .2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats @ 1.8 m
MLLW
REFERENCES:
Thorn, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-67

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 169.8 + /- 1 s.d. = 401.5 m-2; range = 555.6-2222.2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 13mg +1- 1 s.d.=3 mg m-2; range=6-133 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima observed in late April-early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of five transects across Iluoral flat;
transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988)
REPLICATION: n =10 at habitat level; ii = 5 at microhabitat level
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @‘ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately
east of marina breakwater
REFERENCES:
Thorn, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W.8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-68

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +05 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 208 + /- 1 s.d. = 36.1 m-2 (no other life history stages found)
BIOMASS LEVELS juveniles: mean = 2.0 + /- 1 s.d. = 0 mg m-2 (no other life history stages found)
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn screen, pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC formal 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical
comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off Gun Club marsha
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., J. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-69

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine clay mud (channel bottom); clean sand (sandflat); silty sand (marsh)
TEMPERATURE: apx. 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: macro algae, diatoms, etc.
OTHER: effects of eelgrass on benthos; effect of tidal flat pools
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: range = 200-40,000 invertebrates m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: highest numbers in summer/fall; freshwater input accects species composition
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.05 m2 sampler used to 15 cm depth and then dug out; seived through a .595 nm screen
DESIGN: sampled monthly at 11 station located from a marsh area to subtidal channel bottom, during summer
sampled eelgrass and non-eelgrass sediments
REPLICATION: n = 3 at each station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: paper data sheets with station and number of invertebrates
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number m-2; log transformed for statistical analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots by tidal height; location
SOURCES
LOCATION: Baker Bay, Columbia River Estuary, near llwaco, Washington
REFERENCES:
Furota, and R.L Emmett. in prep. Benthic invertebrates along a transect in Baker Bay Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS,
Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-70

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE fine sand; silt clay with high organics (wood chips)
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: O- 32 ppt
FOOD: algal, micro flora on detritus particles
OTHER: currents, wave action on flats
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS 0-60,000 m-2 depending on species
BIOMASS LEVELS: available at NMFS
SEASONALITY: peaks in spring of fall.winier depending on species and station location
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.05 Powan dredge, samples were collected during high tide from vessel, washed through .595 (#30)
mesh siz, preserved in formalin (10%) and then identified in lab
DESIGN: quarterly samples of many (non-random) selected sites throughout the estuary
REPLICATION. n=2 per station for invertebrates; n= 1 for sediment structure
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: on paper, never archived properly
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number m-2 at each station/season; sediment grain size
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River estuary
REFERENCES:
Durkin, J.T., and R.L. Emmett. 1978. Benthic invertebrates of Baker Bay, Youngs Bay, and adjacent areas in the
Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-71

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACrERIST!CS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE sand, some Enteromorpha
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 33,209 + /. 2,092 (study area); mean = 33,822 + /- 19,071 (control); range 21,529 to
61,883 m-2; included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 25, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
po wered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.Om
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.) B.C. unpublished report to Public Works Candada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
D-72

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS. mean = 9,705 + /- 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m-2, included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS.
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975),
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.0 m, 1 mm. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /. std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (rn-2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6 .5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and ,J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddeli, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L Williams and Associates, Ltd.
D-73

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HAIBITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: inmixed cobble sediments at approximately 0-0.9 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE unknown
SAUNITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1-100 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep; seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large rnfauna, 31.2
cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples; 4 reps for cores at each station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; ‘T’ tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmentat Protection Agency
D-74

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on mixed cobble sediments and algae 0-1.8 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: Corophium acherusicum
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-> 100 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep; seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large infauna; 31.2
cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 in above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples; 4 reps for cores at each station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; “T tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park, Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-75

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Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud
TEMPERATURE; 12.5-13.5 degrees C
SALINITY: 16-24 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: moderate gradient beach
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 150.0 + /. 1 s.d.= 136.5 m-2; range: 120.320 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean = 3 + /- 1 s.d. =1 mg m-2; range: 4-8 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 1.10-m2 epibenthic Suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: sampling on one occasion (late May) at 0.0 It, tidal elevation at slack, flood and ebb tide stages,
approximately 6 hours apart
REPLICATION: n=2 per tide stage
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; tabulated
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots
SOURCES
LOCATION: Moon Island (northern shore) reach of North Channel, Grays Harbor, Washington
REFERENCES:
CordeU, J. R., and C. A. Simenstad. 1981. Community structure and standing stock of epibenthic zooplankion at Moon
Island. Pp. 128-145 in C. A. Sirnenstad and D. M. Eggers (eds.), Juvenile salmon and baitfish distribution,
abundance, and prey resources in selected areas of Grays Harbor, Washington. FRI-UW.8116. Univ.Wash.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D.76

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silty sand with occassional rocks and cobble; clayey silts with common wood dibris
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: water currents 50-290 ft hr-I during ebb and flood tides
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 840-4640 m -2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: hydraulic lift; Ventari suction device; sampling 0.05 m2 x 100 mm core; sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh
bag
DESIGN: five stations sampled withinn project area, one in a nearby dredged area; elevations were +0.4 to -107 ft; all
sampled on 19 October 1983 (1320-1430)
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: simple numerical summaries
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gig Harbor near Donkey Creek, at site of now constructed Murphys Landing, a 90 slip marina where 5
acres of intertidal/subtidal bottom area were developed
REFERENCES:
Cheney, D., C. Cheney, M. Jordan, and M. Kyte 1983 Turner Marina, Gig Harbor, Washington. Supplemental
Environmental Information.
RESPONDENT: Cheney; BioAquatics International
D-77

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mixed fines (sand and silt) with gravel cobble; log raft on 1/3 of site removed in 1988
TEMPERATURE
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1987: upper 1910 m-2; mid 13,007 m-2; lower 1857 m-2; 1988: upper marsh 1080 m-2; upper
1460 m-2; mid 2620 m-2; lower 2870 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: hydraulic pump; filtered water lying over 0.1 m2; filtered with a 0.25 mm net; pumped for 30 to 45
seconds; sampled 19 May 1987 and 29 August 1988
DESIGN: both periods: 3 stations (upper and low intertidal, and upper subtidal); August 1988: additional ‘marsh’
station sampled; 1988 subtidal in basin dredeged on 8/87
REPLICATION: five stations sampled; three/station analyzed (2/station archived)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRflATION
DATA FORMAT: ‘Lotus’ spreadsheet; data files archived at University of Washington computer center
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries only
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gig Harbor at foot of Dorotich Street
REFERENCES:
BioAquatics International (Cheney). 1987. Derotich Marina mitigation and monitoring plan. Prepared for U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Servie, Olympia.
RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International
D-78

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Crangon spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNifY:
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Z.ostera marina meadow
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=8.0 /- 1. s.d.= 17.9 m-2; range: 0.0-40.0 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =9 /- 1 s.d. 20mg m-2; range: 0-44 rng m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump), gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on paris,
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 1,30-urn mesh nets, pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July)
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation)
SOURCES
LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-79

-------
Crangon spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: in mixed cobble sediments; in sand at 0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: epifauna abundance at 09 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats. all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samplesby habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression, T tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park, Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-80

-------
Crangon spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: in sand, in mixed sediments, at 0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS 2-100 m.2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, +0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; 1’” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-81

-------
Crangon spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: clean sands to fine clay/mud
TEMPERATURE 0-25 C
SALINiTY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: amphipods (Corophium spp.), Macama spp., polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods, Crangon franciscosum,
Neomysis spp., Archaemysis, cumacea, etc.
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0.100,000 hectare
BIOMASS LEVELS: available from NMFS, Hammond, Oregon
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 8 in Maclnovitch trawl; 5 mm. tows; distance measured; 8.5 m vessel; trawl with liner in cod-end;
crabs, shrimp, and fish were identified, measured (mm), and weighed
DESIGN: once/month, various stations
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCu NMFS format; stored on NWAFC Burroughs computer; archived on tape
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number/hectare; length frequency analysis; annual variations; Kruski-Wallace non-
parametric test, length/weight (log.log) relationships
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: bar graphs of catches, lengths
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River estuary, Oregon-Washington; specific locations available from NMFS
REFERENCES:
McCabe, G.T., and RJ. McConnell. 1989. Abundance and size-class structure of Dungeness crabs in or near frequently-
dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA.NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 22 pp.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-82

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic planklers
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine-sand, mud; scattered, sparse eelgrass, Ulva and Enteromorpha
TEMPERATURE: 16 to 17 degrees C
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS juveniIes mean = 283.4 + /- 1 s.d. =303.8 m-2; range: 55 6- 1555 6 m-2; adults: mean = 109 7
+ I- 1 s.cL= 187.2 m-2; rangr 0.1555.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean= 10.3 +/-1 s.d.= 10.7mg m-2; rangeS 6-50mg m-2; adult mean =9.0 +1- 1
s.d. = 14.8 mg m-2; range: 0-122 nig m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 1.5 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: 100-rn x 100-rn sampling grid established on tidal flat; ten permanent siLes selected from random coordinates;
sampled late June/early July and two weeks later (to test effects of Sevin application)
REPLICATION: n =10
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track rnag tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Willapa Bay, Washington; intertidal oyster tracts on Bay Center Channel, between Bone River channel
and Bay Center Cutoff Channel
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) Effects of Sevin application on littoral flat meiofauna Preliminary
sampling on Willapa Bay, June-July 1988 Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad, Fisheries Research Institute
D-83

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankcers
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults and juveniles:mean = 1485 + /- 1 s.d.= 263.9 m-2; range: 55.6-7778 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults and juveniles:mean = 10 + /- 1 s.d. = 20 mg m-2, range: 6-67 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in late June
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN. permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal
elevation
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Sunenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudfiats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FR!-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-84

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: 1/2 to 3/4 in. gravel placed over sandflat
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined. mean= 10.0 1- 1 s.d.= 26.8 m-2; rangeS 55.6-111.1 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 1 + /. 1 s.d = 1 rug m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports,
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 1.5 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection,
early April
REPLICATION: a = 50
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing aop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; “jacknife procedure
used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates
SOURCES
LOCATION: Bywater Bay, northern Hood Canal, Washington; WDF beach graveling experimental site
REFERENCES:
C. A. Simenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-85

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: 1/4-3/4 in. gravel spread out over natural rnudflat
TEMPERATURE
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=235.6 +1- 1 s.d.= 266.2 m-2; range: 55.6-1222.2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean5 +/. 1 sd = 1 mg m-2, range: 06 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-rn2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection,
early April
REPLICATION: n=50
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; lacknife procedure
used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates
SOURCES
LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal beach gravcling experimental site in
upper Bay
REFERENCES:
C. A. Simenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ Wash., Seattle, WA
RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-86

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine mud
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 106.7 + I- 1 s.d. = 113.8 rn-2, range: 55.6-500.0 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean =4 +/- 1 s.d = I mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; wf 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline, one collection,
early April
REPLICATION: n=50
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; “jacknifc” procedure
used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates
SOURCES
LOCATION: Oakland Bay, southern Puget Sound, Washington; mid-intertidal mudflat control to WDF beach graveling
experimental site
REFERENCES:
C. A. Sirnenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-87

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankcers
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine sand
TEMPERATURE
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 2033 + /- 1 s.d. = 224.9 m-2; range. 55.6-1111.1 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=4 +1- 1 s.d.= 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on tntake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples along transect line established at same tidal elevation, parallel to shoreline; one collection,
early April
REPLICATION: n = 50
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; “jacknife procedure
used to determine optimal replication according to stabilization of standard error
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots of mean and standard error of density as function of number of replicates
SOURCES
LOCATION: Bywater Bay, northern Hood Canal, Washington; mid-intertidal sandflat adjacent to WDF beach
graveling experimental site
REFERENCES:
C. A. Simenstad and J. R. Cordell (in prep.) (unpubl.) Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-88

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP. epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+ 0.3 ft. MLLW) brown mud
TEMPERATURE: not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=796.3 + /- 1 s.d.= 562.0 rn-2; range: 444.4.14444 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combinded: mean=6 +1- 1 s.d.= 1 mg m-2; range: 56-144 m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thorn, R. M., C. A. Siznenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubl. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Sinienstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-89

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (+ 2.e3 ft. MLLW) mud; Enteromorpha on surface
TEMPERATURE not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 3333 +/- 1 s.d.= 577.4 m-2; range: 0-1000.0 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=11 +1- 1 s.d.2 mg m-2; range: 0-33 mg rn-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METhODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and i. R. Cordell. 1987. Benchic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubi. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-90

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mid-intertidal (-0.1 ft. MLLW) gravel-cobble
TEMPERATURE: not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER high marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles mean= 74.1 +\- 1 s.d.= 128.3 m-2; range: 0-222.2 m-2; adults mean =518.6 +/- 1
s d.=803.8m-2; range. 111.1-14444 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 7 + /- 1 s.d.= 1 mg m-2; range: 0-22 m-2, adults: mean = 67 + I- 1 s.d. = II mg m-
2; range: 11-189
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Day Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubi. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-91

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Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha common during much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: rnean=231.5 +1- 1 s.d.=423.1 m-2; range=55.6-15000 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=21 mg /- 1 sd =40mg m-2; range=6-188 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: adult maxima observed in early March, juveniles in April-May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNiQUES: 0.018 -m2 epibenthic pump (FRI rnesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of live transects across littoral flat;
transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988)
REPLICATION: n=10 at habitat level; n=5 at microhabitat level
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately
east of marine breakwater
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, i. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and ecigrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-92

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Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: in tidal channel draining lagoon behind dredge spoil islands; sandy at 0.0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults combined: mean = 525.0 + /- 1 s.d = 801.1 m2; range: 125.0-1937.5 m-2; juveniles:
mean =462.5 +/- 1 s.d. = 260.0; range: 62.5-750.0 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=58 /- 1 s.d =90mg m-2; range: 6.219mg rn -2; juveniles: mean=26
+ / . 1 s.d. = 20 mg rn-2; range: 6-50 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenchic pump (FRI mesopump), battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.
DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion
(early March)
REPLICATION: =5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag tape UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; tidal channel in mudflat emptying lagoon just north of railroad bridge on west
dredge spill islands
REFERENCES:
Cordell, J. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl rep. lo URS, Inc., 43 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-93

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Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +03 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juvenile: mean= 145.8 +/- 1 s.d.=252.6 m-2; egg-c females: mean=20.8 +/- 1 s.d.=36.l m-2
(no adults found)
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=2.0 /- 1 s.d.=0 mg m-2; egg-c females: mean=6.0 +/- 1 s.d.=0 mg m-2(no
adults found)
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established ” research transect in
PBNERR;sarnpled with 0.5 to 13 m water depth
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FR!; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical
comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off “Gun Club marsh”
REFERENCES:
Siinenstad, C. A., 3. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
D-94

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RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-95

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-fine sand; no surface organics
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SAUNITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =20.8, 1 s.d.=36.l (no adults found)
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 6.0 + /- 1 s.d. = 0.0 mg m-2 (no adults found)
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenchic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along “established research transect in
PBNERR;saznpled with 0.5 to 13 m water depth
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical
comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance disL, otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off “Gun Club marsh”
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., I. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assernblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-U W-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-96

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Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /. 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /. 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m-2; included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect ( =tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.0 m; I miii. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n = 3 for each station, subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undcrtakcn &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION- Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
D-97

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Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on mixed cobble sediments and algae, in mixed sediments, 0- +1.8 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: apx. 100 m•2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cni2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; “1” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-98

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Cymatogaster aggregata
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: small (<12cm) perch of this species are usually found associated with rocky habitats and/or eel grass,
high canopy kelp beds, etc.; forages over soft substrate bottom surrounding rocky outcrops
TEMPERATURE: 7÷ C
SAUNITY:
FOOD: gammarid amphipods, harpacticoid copepods, small clams (primarily Transenella tantilla)
OTHER: this species of perch (<12 cm) arc the primary diets of large (adult) copper rockfish and lingcod during their
peak abundance periods; once this perch species grow past 12cm they are rarely eaten
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS 0.33.10.0 fish m.2, mean =2.96 fish m-2; SD =4.60
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY. peaks from Occobcr-Dccember; young of year usually born in June, July
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 23m x 6.lm-53m x 6.]m strip transects (using SCUBA)
DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths
REPLICATION: n=2 at each depth interval
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: no specific format
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter; log transformation will normalize data
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gedney Island artifical reef
REFERENCES:
Hueckel, G.J., R.M. Buckley, and B.L. Benson. 1983. The biological and fishery development on concrete habitat
enhancement structures off Gedney Island in Puget Sound, Washington
RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-99

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Decapoda (larvae)
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: any substrate with some plant, shell, or debris cover
TEMPERATURE: 10-25 C
SALINITY; > I5ppt
FOOD: planktonic organisms
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: megalops only; up to apx. 10 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONAUTY: May-September
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats dug & screend from intertidal areas; see Miller et al. 1988 for trawl protocol
DESIGN: random with habitat type along transects or within sampling plots
REPLICATION: up to 30 reps within plots; usually 3 reps/habitat type for transects
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: catches standardized to crab/hectare; generally non-parametric statistical procedures or
log-transformation with parametric statistics
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: various locations throughout Puget Sound, Grays Harbor (complete list of sampling sites available)
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, D.A., J.L. Armstrong, and PA. Dinnel. 1987. Ecology and population dynamics of Dungeness crab, Cancer
magister, in Ship Harbor, Anacortes, Washington. Final Rpt. for Leeward Development Company and
Washington Department of Fisheries. FRI-UW-8701.
Armstrong, DA., T.C. Wainwright, i. Orensanz, PA. Dinnel, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1987. Model of dredging impact on
Dungeness crab in Grays Harbor, Washington. Final Rpt. to Battelle Northwest Laboratories and U.S. Army
Corp of Engineers. FRI-U W-8701. 67 pp.
Dinnel, PA. R.R. Lauth, DA. Armstrong, J.L. Armstrong, K. Larsen, and S.D. Sulkin. 1989. Marine fish predation on
juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Padilla Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. to NOAA/NOS/OCRM,
Marine and Estuarine Management Division by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. In
preparation.
D-100

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Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld, and T.C. Wainwright. 1986 Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab,
Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1986. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers by Fisheries Research institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8611. 34 pp.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and B.R Dumbauld, T.C. Wainwright, A.J. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987.
Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, habitat study. Final Rpt. to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the
Washington State Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle.
FRI-UW-8704. 78 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and B.R. Dumbauld. 1986. Impact of dredging and dredged material disposal on
Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during October 1985. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8606. 30 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and C. Dungan. 1985. Initiation of a Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) habitat study in
North Puget Sound. pages 327-337 in: Proceedings of the Symposium on Dungeness Crab Biology and
Management. Alaska Sea Grant Rpt. No. 85-3, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Dinnel, PA., D.A. Armstrong, and R.O. McMiilan. (in prep.) Settlement patterns, timing, and early post-larval growth
of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, in Puget Sound, Washington. Manuscript in preparation for J. Marine
Biology.
Dinnei, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMiilan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer rnagister, resources in Oak
Harbor, Washington Final Rpt. for the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries,
University of Washington, Seattle. 23 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1986. Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, distribution, recruitment,
growth, and habitat use in Lummi Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for the Lunimi Indian Tribe by Fisheries
Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8612. 61 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1988. Invertebrate resource assessments in and around proposed
dredged materials disposal sites in Puget Sound. in: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Puget
Sound Research. Vol 1:337-343. Pugec Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, B.S. Miller, and R.F. Donnelly. 1986. Pugel Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
disposal site investigations: Phase I trawl studies in Saratoga Passage, Port Gardner, Elliott Bay, and
Commencement Bay, Washington. Final Rpt. for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by Fisheries Research
Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8615. 208 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, and K. Larsen. 1988. Puget Sound Dredge Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
disposal site investigations: Phase II trawl studies in north and south Puget Sound. Invertebrate resource
assessments. Final Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant and Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School
of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8818. 92 pp.
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, R.R. Lauth, T.C. Wainwright, J.L Armstrong, and K. Larsen. 1988. U.S. Navy Homeport
disposal site investigations in Port Gardner, Washington. Invertebrate resource assessments. Two-year Final
Rpt. for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries,
University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8820. 25 pp.
Dinnel, PA., G. Janiieson, B.S. Miller, DA. Armstrong, and R.R. Lauth 1987. Use of Pisces IV submersible for
determining the distribution of Dungenss crab, shrimp, and bouomlish in Port Gardner, Washington Final Rpt.
for Washington Sea Grant, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and U.S. Navy by Fisheries Research institute,
University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-UW-8709. 16 pp.
Dumbauld, B.R., DA. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, and PA. Dinnel 1988. Impact of dredging on Dungeness crab,
Cancer magister, in Grays Harbor, Washington during August 1987. Final Rpt. for Seattle District, U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers by School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. FRl-UW-8820. 25 pp.
McGraw, K..A., LL. Conquest, i.O. Wailer, PA. Dinnel, and DA. Armstrong. 1988. Entrainment of Dungeness crabs,
Cancer magister Dana, by hopper dredge in Grays Harbor, Washington. J. Shellfish Res. 7(2):219-231. Paper
also presented by K.A. Chew at the National Sheilfisheries Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
Louisiana, June 1988.
Miller, B.S., D.R. Gunderson, DA. Armstrong, PA. Dinnel, and R.F. Donnelly. 1988. Recommended protocols for
standardized collections of Puget Sound bottomfash. Final Rpt. to Tetra Tech, inc. and Office of Puget Sound,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. 42 pp.
RESPONDENT: Dinnei; School of Fisheries
D-1O1

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Decapoda (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt
TEMPERATURE: 0-30 C
SALINITY: generally >13 ppt
FOOD: any live or freshly dead animal tissue
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: less than for sand or silty sand substrate
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: all seasons
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats dug & screend from intertidal areas
DESIGN: quadrac samples collected along transects or randomly within plots
REPLICATION: generally n = 1 to 30
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: UW/Cyber or pc spreadsheet (Excel)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: catches standardized to crab/hectare; generally non-parametric statistical procedures or
log-transformation with parametric statistics
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line charts, bar charts, histograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: Saniish Bay, Padilla Bay, Oak Harbor
REFERENCES:
Dinnel, PA., DA. Armstrong, and R.O. McMillan. 1985. Survey of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, resources in Oak
Harbor, Washington. Final Report for the Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers by School of Fisheries,
University of Washington, Seattle. 23 pp.
Dinnel, PA., R.O. McMillan, D.A. Armstrong, T.C. Wainwright, AJ. Whiley, R. Burge, and R. Bumgarner. 1987.
Padilla Bay Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, habiat study. Final Report to NOAA/OCRM/DMEM and the
Washington Department of Ecology by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FR!-
UW-8704. 78 pp.
RESPONDENT: Dinnel; School of Fisheries
D.102

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Deschampsia cespitosa
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE:
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: Deschampsia assemblage 500-1580 g dry M m-2
SEASONALITY: all seasons - peak live material in August.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: standing stock: 0.25 or 1.0 m2 quadrats
DESIGN: random samples within strata
REPLICATION: 2-30
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics’ data files; “Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Grays Harbor, Drayton Harbor
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. Fisheries mitigation plan for expansion of moorage at
Blame Marina, Blame, Washington. FRI-UW-8817. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington,
Seattle.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D•103

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Eleocharis palustris
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand to clay
TEMPERATURE: soil temp = 12.16 C in May
SALINiTY: 0-12 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: redox. (+)155-(-)435 mV
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: 70 g dry weight m-2
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects; continuous presence/absence data; added to 16 environmental stations; sampled
weekly at environmental plots for phenology, growth, salinity, temperature
DESIGN: sampled production at end of season
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals
SOURCES
LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork
REFERENCES:
Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh. PhD dissertation, University of
Washington.
Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. J. Bot. 61:1105-1116.
Ewing, K. 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh.
Estuaries 9:49-62.
Ewing, K. 1989. (manuscript)
RESPONDENT: Ewing; Range Science Department
D-104

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Eleocharis spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel
TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C
SALINITY: 15.31 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS
BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dr’. i rn-2 net primary productivity apx 200 g C m .2 yr-i
SEASONALITY: spring-summer max biomass
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above
ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stockS random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range 3.30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics’ data files; “Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point, Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point,
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J.W., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal
macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9.277-290.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-105

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Eleocharis spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: clay/mud
TEMPERATURE
SALINITY: 0.0 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: percent cover up to 100%
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: summer max. cover
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 1.0 m2 quadrat for percent cover
DESIGN: systematic samples along elevation gradient
REPLICATION:
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics” data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Puyallup River estuary
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, and E.O. Salo. 1987. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary,
Washington. Phase I report: Construction and initial monitoring, July 1985-December 1986.
Thom, R.M., CA. Sunenstad, D.K. Shreffler, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. The Lincoln Street wetland system in
the Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase II report: Year two monitoring, January-December 1987.
Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, ‘Seattle. FRI-UW-8812.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-106

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Eleocharis spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand silt
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: 0 ppt (freshwater)
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: one sampling only, Sept 1987
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Braun-Blonquet sociability classes (ito 5); abundance & coverage (+,1-6)
DESIGN: 10 plots; 1 m2 plots; to obtain natural marsh coverage data at marina development site prior to construction;
compensation site monitoring: species i.d; 1 m2 plots (n= 15); aerial color photographs
REPLICATION: n= 10-15
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: raw data; not processed; compensation monitoring on going
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: data will be processed this fall
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: data will be processed this fall
SOURCES
LOCATION: Bridge Pont Harbour Market site North Arm (immediately below Oak St. Bridge in Richmond);
compensation site on south side of Mitchell Island (immediately downstream of Arrow Transfer)
REFERENCES:
Williams, G.L. 1985. Outline of habitat compensation for proposed Bridge Point Harbour Market development,
Richmond, B.C. unpubl. report for North Fraser Harbour Commission, Richmond. 35 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1989. Final report on marsh construction.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates, Ltd.
D.107

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Embiotoddae (unid.)
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: small (<12cm) perch of this species (Embiotoca lateralis) are usually found associated with rocky
habitats and/or eel grass, high canopy kelp beds, etc.; forages over soft substrate bottom surrounding
TEMPERATURE: 7+ C
SALINITY:
FOOD: gammarid a.mphipods, harpacticoid copepods, small clams (primarily Transenella tantilla)
OTHER: this species of perch (<12 cm) arc the primary diets of large (adult) copper rocklish and Iingcod during their
peak abundance periods; once this perch species grow past 12cm they are rarely eaten
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0.33.10.0 fish m .2. mean =2.96 fish m-2;SD=4.60
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: peaks from October.Dcccmber; young of year usually born in June, July
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 23m x 6.lm-53m x 6.lm strip transects (using SCUBA)
DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths
REPLICATION: n = 2 at each depth interval
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: no specific format
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter; log transformation will normalize data
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gedney Island artifical reef
REFERENCES:
Hueckel, GJ., R.M. Buckley, and B.L. Benson. 1983. The biological and fishery development on concrete habitat
enhancement structures off Gedney Island in Puget Sound, Washington.
RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-1O8

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EmbiotocicJae (unid.)
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: small (<12cm) perth of this species (Rhacochilus vacca) are usually found associated with rocky
habitats and/or eel grass, high canopy kelp beds, etc.; forages over soft substrate bottom surrounding
TEMPERATURE: 7+ C
SALINITY:
FOOD: gammarid amphipods, harpacticoid copepods, small dams (primarily Transenella tantilla)
OTHER: this species of perch (<12 cm) are the primary diets of large (adult) copper rocklish and lingcod during their
peak abundance periods; once this perch species grow past 12cm they are rarely eaten
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0.33-100 fish m-2; mean =2.96 fish m-2; SD=4.60
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITy: peaks from October-December; young of year usually born in June, July
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 23ni x 6.lm-53m x 6.lm strip transects (using SCUBA)
DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths
REPLICATION: n=2 at each depth interval
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATiON
DATA FORMAT: no specific format
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter; log translormation will normalize data
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gedney Island artifical reef
REFERENCES:
Hueckel, GJ., R.M. Buckley, and B.]. .. Benson. 1983. The biological and fishery development on concrete habitat
enhancement structures off Gedney Island in Puget Sound, Washington.
RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-109

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Engraulis mordax
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE; various
TEMPERATURE 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: Corophiurn spp., calanoid copepods, insects, mysids, Daphnia spp., etc.
OTHER: tidal stage, time of day, tidal height
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-40,000/set; depends on schooling fish and hatchery releases
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY. highest numbers in summer/fall depending on species of concern and area in estuary
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: purse seine; collect, identify, measure, and weigh fish species; sample once/month depending on
study; sometimes more intensive during salmonid migration
DESIGN: 10-200 m deep; 03 in. stretch mesh; knotless bunt; 2 vessels used; seining done all at flood, high slack tide
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCii NMFS format, species code; transformed to CPUE
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA on logged (x+ 1) data; chi-square
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length-frequency distribution; numbers/month; # species/month
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River estuary
REFERENCES:
McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, and R i. McConnell. 1987. Abundance and size-class structure of Dungeness crabs in or
near frequently-dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 31 pp.
McCabe, G.T., RI. Emmett, T.C. Colby, and Ri. McConnell. 1986. Distribution, abundance, and size•class structure of
Dungeness crabs in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 57 pp.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D -110

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Enteromorpha spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel
TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C
SALINITY: 15-31 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wt m-2; net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i
SEASONALITY: spring-summer maximum biomass
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES. 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bonels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics data files; Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES. line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay, Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Eiliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery.
Simenstad, CA, R.M. Thom, J.R. Cordell, KA. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreflier. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah
Bay, Washington. FRI-UW-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate
seagrass system. Marine Biology.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
D•111

-------
Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor
estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research
Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington,
Seattle. FRI-UW-8808.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing
stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound.
Thom, R.M., CA Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent
mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor.
Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensani, and
D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point,
Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.
6lpp.
Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, and E.O. Salo. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp. 87-139 in
QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head.
Publ. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-112

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Enteromorpha spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD: N/A
OTHER
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable
BIOMASS LEVELS: variable
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2, 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN. standing stockS random samples within depth and/or habitat strata primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics” data files; Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay-, Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery.
Simenstad, CA, R.M. Thom, J.R. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah
Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate
seagrass system. Marine Biology.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
D-1L3

-------
Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor
estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research
Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington,
Seattle. FRI-UW-8808.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing
stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound.
Thom, R.M., CA. Simen.stad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent
mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor.
Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisoscomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensan; and
D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point,
Bainbridge Island, Washington A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.
61 pp.
Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, and E.O. Salo l 4 Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp. 87-139 in
QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal ln%cstigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head.
Pubi. FRI-UW-8417, Fish, Res Inst , Univ of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-114

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Enteromorpha spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel
TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C
SAUNITY: 15-31 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wt m-2, net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i
SEASONALITY: spring-summer max. biomass
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above
ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity, light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics” data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay, Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point,
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay-, Neah Bay, central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the
south ast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery.
Thom, R.M. 1978. The compostion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of
central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington. 237 pp.
Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in central Puget Sound, Washington
U.S.A. Botanica Marina 23:7-11.
Thom, R.M. 1985. An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seaule. Submitted
to the City of Seattle, Washington.
D-1L5

-------
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park ceigrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers,
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, and K.K. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on benthic marine flora of the
Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea
Grant Publ. WSG-WO 77.1.
Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at
five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9 .267-275.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D .116

-------
Enteromorpha spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SALINTTY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS variable
BIOMASS LEVELS variable
SEASONALITY.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above
ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics” data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point,
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, i.W., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal
macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9:277-290.
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery.
Thom, R.M. 1978. The compostion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of
central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington. 237 pp.
Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in central Puget Sound, Washington.
U.SA. Botanica Marina 23:7-11.
D-117

-------
Thom, R.M. 1985. An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seattle. Submitted
to the City of Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgra.cs baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers,
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., i.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, and ICK. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on benthic marine flora of the
Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea
Grant Publ. WSG-WO 77.1.
Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at
five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9:267-275.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-118

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Enteromorpha spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: gravel/cobble
TEMPERATURE: 10-32 C
SALINITY: 15-32 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS
BIOMASS LEVELS: <0.001 - 41.0 g dry wt m-2
SEASONALITY: spring-summer
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2, 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each spp. b) remove above
ground part, dry, and weigh 2) primary productivicy light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary production calculate rates based
on standing stock estimates & incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics” data files; “Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS ANT) FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay, Grays Harbor
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Plant standing stock and productivity on tidal flats and gravel in Padilla Bay, Washington a
temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment.
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-119

-------
Enteromorpha spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel
TEMPERATURE 8-28 C
SALINITY: 15-31 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wi m-2; net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i
SEASONALITY: spring-summer maximum biomass
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity-, light & dark growth bonels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity- calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity-, range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay-, Seahursi Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor, Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Thorn, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
Thom, R.M., R. Albright, C. Simenstad, J. Hampel, .1. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage
Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. Pubi. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-120

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Enteromorpha spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACFERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable
BIOMASS LEVELS: variable
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover ‘ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh 2) primary productivity light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity; calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics data files; Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
Thom, R.M., R. Albright, C. Simenstad, i. Hampel, 3. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage
Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. Pubi. FRI-UW-8417, Fish Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-121

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Eogammarus confervicolus
GROUP: epibenthic planicters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOW Y
SUBSTRATE: silt and detritus; decaying marsh litter and trapped eelgrass and other debris
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINiTY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: marsh vegetation dominated by Scirpus, Triglochin, and Distichlis
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 1321.8 + /- 1 s.d. = 2320.7 m.2; range 166.7-5888.9 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 127 mg + /. 1 s.d. = 260 mg rn-2; range = 13-656 rng m-2
SEASONALITY: most abundant in mid-March (only sampled twice, in March)
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-rn2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports,
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line bisecting marsh vegetation along same
tidal elevation
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; high intertidal emergent marsh within Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Sinienstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarinc bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst.. Univ. Wash.. Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-122

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Eogammarus confervicolus
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean =193 + /- 1 s.d. =43.3 m-2; range= 555.6-166.7 rn-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=46 mg +1-1 s.d.=l4Omgm-2; range=O.33 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima observed in early-mid-March
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIOUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of five transects across littoral flat;
transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988)
REPLICATION: n =10 at habitat level; n = 5 at microhabitat level
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2, log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately
east of marina breakwater
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Sitnenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-123

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Eogammarus confervicolus
GROUP: epibenthic p lankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) (024 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vaucheria covered flats much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 23.1 + /- 1 s.d. = 50.4 rn-2, range = 55.6-222.2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 73 mg + /- 1 s.d. = 340 mg m-2; range = 6-2222 mg m-2
SEASONAUTY: maxima observed in early April
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: two points, corresponding to two microhabitats, sampled along each of five transects across littoral flat;
transects positioned randomly along perpendicular baseline; sampled biweekly March-May (1988)
REPLICATION: n = 10 at habitat level; n = 5 at microhabitat level
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats @ 1.8 m
MLLW
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep prep. for The Port
of Bellinghani, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-124

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Eogammarus confervicolus
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud
TEMPERATURE: 12.5-133 degrees C
SALINITY: 16-24 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: moderate gradient beach
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 15.0 + /- 1 s.d. =42.4 m-2; range: 0-120.0 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS juveniles: mean=5 +/- 1 s.d.=10 mg m-2; range. 40-40mg rn-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 1.10-m2 epibenthic Suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-um mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: sampling on one occasion (late May) at 0.0 ft, tidal elevation at slack, flood and ebb tide stages,
approximately 6 hours apart
REPLICATION: n = 2 per tide stage
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized io rn-2; tabulated
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots
SOURCES
LOCATION: Moon Island (northern shore) reach of North Channel, Grays Harbor, Washington
REFERENCES:
Cordell, J. R., and C. A. Simenstad. 1981. Community structure and standing stock of epibenthic zooplankton at Moon
Island. Pp. 128-145 in C. A. Simenstad and D. M. Eggers (eds.), Juvenile salmon and baittish distribution,
abundance, and prey resources in selected areas of Grays Harbor, Washington. FRI-U W-8116. Univ.Wash.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad, Fisheries Research Institute
D-125

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Eogammarus confervicolus
GROUP: epibenthic plankiers
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on algae, on sand, on mixed sand, +0.9-1.8 InMLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: apx. 100 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, +0.9, +1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; “T ’ tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-126

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Eogammarus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARA(1 ERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,70c • /. 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m-2; induded in total epibenihos
BIOMASS LEVELS
SEASONALITY: sampled once onh. August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHN1QUES 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler rnodilied from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along I transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station, subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsaxnples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + I- std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates, Ltd.
D-127

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Eogammarus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud
TEMPERATURE: 12.5-133 degrees C
SALINITY: 16-24 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: moderate gradient beach
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 10.0 + I- 1 s.d. = 283 m-2; range: 0-80.0.3 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =1 + /. 1 s.d. =1 mg m-2; range: 0-4 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 1.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered, w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 1.30-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: sampling on one occasion (late May) at 0.0 ft, tidal elevation at slack, flood and ebb tide stages,
approximately 6 hours apart
REPLICATION: n = 2 per tide stage
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; tabulated
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots
SOURCES
LOCATION: Moon Island (northern shore) reach of North Channel, Grays Harbor, Washington
REFERENCES:
Cordell, J. R., and C. A. Simenstad. 1981. Community structure and standing stock of epibenthic zooplankion at Moon
Island. Pp. 128-145 in C. A. Simenstad and D. M. Eggers (eds.), Juvenile salmon and baitfish distribution,
abundance, and prey resources in selected areas of Grays Harbor, Washington. FRI-U W-8116. Univ.Wash.
RESPONDENT: Sirnenscad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-128

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Eogammarus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on mixed cobble sediments and algea, 0- + 1.8 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS 2-100 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS
SEASONALITY.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-129

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epiphytic algae/animals
GROUP: benthic microbiota
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: leaves of eelgrass
TEMPERATURE 2-28 C
SALINITY: 15-35 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: net production = 200-300 g C m-2 yr-i
BIOMASS LEVELS: up to 300 g dry M m-2
SEASONALITY: spring ephemerals
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each spp b) remove above
ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity: light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary production: calculate rates based
on standing stock estimates & incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity’, range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics” data files; Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Paddilla Bay, Drayton Harbor, Cherry Pt., central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. 1983. Composition, habitats, seasonal changes, and productivity of macroalgea in Grays Harbor estuary,
Wshington. Estuaries 7:51-60.
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
Thom, R.M., K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B, Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensanz, and D.
Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point,
Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.
61 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-130

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epiphytic algae/animals
GROUP: benthic microbiota
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: leaves of eelgrass
TEMPERATURE: 2-28 C
SALINITY: 1.5-35 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: net production = 200-300 g C m-2 yr-i
BIOMASS LEVELS: up to 300 g dry m-2
SEASONALITY: spring ephemerals
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each spp. b) remove above
ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity: light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary production: calculate rates based
on standing stock estimates & incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay, Drayton Harbor, Cherry Pt., central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprise. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery.
Thorn, R. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate seagrass
system. Marine Biology.
Thom, R. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research
Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rpt. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington,
Seattle. FRI-UW-8808.
Thom, R., C.A. Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. Fisheries mitigation plan for expansion of moorage at
Blame Marina, Blame, Washington. FRI-UW-8817. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington,
Seattle.
D-131

-------
Thom, R., R. Aibrigid, C. Simenstad, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp.
87-139 in QJ. Stober and K.K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Rencon Sewage Treatment Plant Project:
Seahurst Baseline Study. Publ. FRI-U W-8413, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash, Seattle.
Thom, R., R. Aibright, C. Simenstad, .1. Harnpel, .1. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic
ecology. Vol. IV, Sec. 5, in O.J. Stober and K.K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant
Project: Seahurst Baseline Study. Pubi. FRI-UW-841.3, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash, Seattle. 177
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Plant standing stock and procuctivity on tidal flats and gravel in Padilla Bay, Washington: a
temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., CA Siinenstad, J.R. COrdell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent
rnudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-132

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epiphytic algae/animals
GROUP: benthic microbiota
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: eelgrass leaves
TEMPERATURE: 6-25 C
SALINITY: 24-28 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: on Z. japonic.i OS • I- 073 to 20.8 + /- 94 mg dry weight/shoot, on Z. marina 3.4 + /- 1.0 to
58.1 + I- 25.2 mg dry weight/shoot
SEASONAJJTY minimum winter, maximum summer and winter
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: scrape eelgrass shoots of epiphytes; filter onto pre-weighed gf filters, dry at <90 C weigh
DESIGN: monthly, more frequently (1-2 weeks) during spring bloom (epiphytes disappear quuickly)
REPLICATION: 12-15 shoots/plot to detect 5% difference in mean at 10% level with 80%
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: L.otus’, ‘Excel’, or ‘Cricket’ spreadsheets
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: mean, standard deviation at each sampling date
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay intertidal sediments
REFERENCES:
Williams, SL: (unpubl.)
RESPONDENT: Williams,; Friday Harbor Laboratories
D-L33

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Gammaridea (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /- 6,4.84 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m-2; included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater Suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n = 3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STA11STICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /. std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398.405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
D-134

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Gammaridea (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: rocky, with turf algae; usually more abundunt in filamentous than foliose algae
TEMPERATURE: 7+ C
SALINITY:
FOOD: detritus
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-760 m-2, mean = 146, SD = 266
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-3.8 gm m-2; mean 0.83 gm; SD = 1.39 gm
SEASONALITY: unkno i
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: airlift (using SCUBA) by vacuuming 10 cm-2 areas from hard substrata; screened to 1mm in the
laboratory
DESIGN: randomly selected sites along a transect line at similar depths; see Benson 1989 re design
REPLICATION: n=5 at each depth interval
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: no specific format
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts
SOURCES
LOCATION: artificial reefs off Gedney Island, Onamanc Point, Possession Point, Misery Point, Point Heyer, Toliva
Shoal, Itsami Ledge, and Boeing Creek
REFERENCES:
Benson, B.L. 1989. Air-lift sampler: Applications for sampling hard substrat. Bull. Mar. Sd. (in press).
Hueckel, G.J., and R.M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs
in Puget Sound, Washington. Env. Biol. Fish. 19(3):195-214.
RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries
D435

-------
Gammaridea (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE soft sediment
TEMPERATURE 7+ C
SALINiTY:
FOOD: detritus
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 212-215 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: samples of the sediment taken underwater (using SCUBA) with 29mm cores penetrated Scm into
bottom with a 25 m-2 grid
DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths; samples were pooled for two sampling periods; 10 samples each
were taken from five different depths
REPLICATION: 10 cores per sampling depth
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: no specific format
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: bar charts
SOURCES
LOCATION: Edmonds artificial reef
REFERENCES:
Hueckel, GJ. 1980. Foraging on an artiricial reef by three Puget SOund fish spccies. Wash. Dept. Fish. Tech. Rept. 53.
“app-
RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-136

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Gasterosteus aculeatus
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =69.6 +/- 1 s.d.=236.5 m-2; range: 0-820.5 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS (not summarized, data available)
SEASONALITY: maxima in late August
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats, small catches retained, large catches
subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wi.)
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2, log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflat (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately
east of marina breakwater
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent niudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRi-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Sixnenstad, Fisheries Research Institute
D-137

-------
Gasterosteus aculeatus
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vaucheria covered flats much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =0.1 /- 1 s.d.=0.2 m-Z range: 0-0.5 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized; data available)
SEASONALITY: maxima in late June
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-in long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches
subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet WI.)
REPLICATION: n = 3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing a op (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Staigraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats @ 1.8 m
MLLW
REFERENCES:
Thorn, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, 3. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Instinite
D-138

-------
Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt and detritus; decaying marsh litter and trapped eelgrass and other debris
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINTTY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: marsh vegetation dominated by Scirpus, Triglochin, and Distichlis
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS. juveniles and adults combined: mean = 115.7 + /- 1 s.d. = 189.6 m-2; range = 250.0-444.4 m.2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=250 mg 4/- 1 s.d =510 mg m.2, range=225-1278 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: most abundant in mid-March (only sampled twice, in March)
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line bisecting marsh vegetation along same
tidal elevation
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber), uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; high intertidal emergent marsh within Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., . A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-139

-------
Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE compacted silt
TEMPERATURE not available
SALINITY: not available
FOOD:
OTHER: high (+ 7.9 ft. MLLW) marsh; Salicornia dominant vegetation
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 74.1 + /- 1 s.d. =1283 m-2; range: 0-222 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 17 +/- 1 s.d.=3 mg m-2; range: 0-50 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNiQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 1.30-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: random samples from similar tidal height within five distinct habitat strata along established transect line
(perpendicular to elevation gradient); sampled once, late May 1987
REPUCATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); using NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Day Island, central Puget Sound, southern reach of The (Tacoma) Narrows; adjacent to Days Island
Channel
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, and J. R. Cordell. 1987. Benthic productivity and epibenthic crustacean community
structure at the Days Island Marina expansion site, Tacoma, Washington. Unpubi. rep. to Day Island
Community Club.
RESPONDENT: Sixnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-140

-------
Harpacticoida (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /- 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /- 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m-2; induded in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nnex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and eluriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m.2; mean + /. std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, 01. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd
D-141

-------
Harpacticoida (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silty sands near Snohomish River channerl; sandy silt and silty day in inner basin, with abundant wood
debris
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: % of total .ill harpacticoids 69; Leimia spp. 57; Microarth spp. 46; also Eagammarus Spp.
17.5
BIOMASS LEVELS: % of total. all harpacticnid 38.7, Leimia spp. 34.3; Microarth spp 1 0, also Eogammarus spp.
17.5
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METhODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: hydraulic pump; filtered water lying over 0.1 m2; filtered with 0.25 mm net; pumped for 30 to 45
seconds
DESIGN: 16 stations from under and adjacent to log rafts; depth (bottom elevation) ranged from +43 (0-13.0 ft; all
sampled on 23-24 May, 1987
REPLICATION: 5 samples per station; 10 station locations anlyzed with 3 randomly drawn replicates analyzed per
station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: raw data compiled on i.otu& spreadsheets; also archived at University of Washington computer
center
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Everett Harbor, immediately south of public boat launch ramps
REFERENCES:
BioAquatics International (Cheny). 1987. Marina mitigation and monitoring plan. William Hulbert Mill Company.
RESPONDENT: Cheney, BioAquatics International
D-142

-------
Harpacticoida (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mixed fines (sand and silt) with gravel cobble; log raft on 1/3 of site removed in 1988
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1987. upper 1910 m-2; mid 13,007 m-2; lower 1857 m.2; 1988 upper marsh 1080 m-2; upper
1460 m-2; mid 2620 m-2; lower 2870 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: hydraulic pump; filtered water lying over 0 1 m2; filtered with a 0.25 mm net; pumped for 34) to 45
seconds; sampled 19 May 1987 and 29 August 1988
DESIGN: both periods: 3 stations (upper and low intertidal, and upper subtidal); August 1988’ additional ‘marsh
station sampled; 1988 subtidal in basin dredeged on 8/87
REPLICATION: five stations sampled; three/station analyzed (2/station archived)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ‘Lotus’ spreadsheet; data files archived at University of Washington computer center
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries only
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gig Harbor at foot of Dorotich Street
REFERENCES:
BioAquatics International (Cheney). 1987. Derotich Marina mitigation and monitoring plan Prepared for U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Servie, Olympia.
RESPONDENT: Cheney, BioAquatics International
D-143

-------
Harpacticus uniremis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults: mean = 43553 + /- 1 s.d. =12655.5 m-2; range: 55.6-52222.2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults: mean=292 +1- 1 s.d.=780 rng m-2; range: 6-3222 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in late April
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal
elevation
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, .1. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-144

-------
Harpacticus uniremis
GROUP: epibenthic plankiers
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: compacted silt at edge of emergent marsh; approximate tidal elevation + 2 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=2037.5 +/- 1 s.d.= 1147.5 m2, range: 750.0-3437.5 m-2;
copepodids: mean = 3075 + /- 1 s.d. = 673.7; range: 21873-38123
BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=314 1- I s.d.=8 mg m.2; range: 113-519 mg m-2; copepodids.
mean = 68 + /- 1 s.d. = 10 mg m-2; range: 50-81 mg m-2
SEASONALfl’y: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: O.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered, w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.
DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion
(early March)
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, tile type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to rn-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: Swinornish Channel; salt marsh adjacent to bingo parlor just west of railroad bridge crossing of channel
REFERENCES:
Cordell, i. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-145

-------
Harpacticus uniremis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: in tidal channel draining lagoon behind dredge spoil islands; sandy at 0.0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults combined: mean= 37.5 +1- 1 s.d.= 62.2 m2; range: 0-125.0 m-2; copepodids:
mean = 16873 + /. 1 s.d. = 805.3; range: 687.5-23123 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults combined: mean =4 /- 1 s.d. = 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2; copepodids: mean = 15
/- 10 s.d.= less than 1 mg m-2; range: 6-19mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI rnesopump); battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.
DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion
(early March)
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, tile type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; tidal channel in mudflat emptying lagoon just north of railroad bridge on west
dredge spill islands
REFERENCES:
Cordell, .1. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-146

-------
Harpacticus uniremis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on promontory just across channel from dredge spoil island, at outer edge of salt marsh, mud at + 1.5 m
MLLW
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=925.0 /- 1 s.d.=833.0 m2; range: 375-2062.5 m.2, copepodids:
mean =650.0 +1- 1 s.d.=575.5; rangr 250-1250
BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults combine& mean = 145 + /- 1 s.d. = 13 mg m-2; range: 63-300 mg m-2; copepodids:
mean=30 /- 1 s.d.=3 mg m-2; range: 13-63 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.
DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion
(early March)
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; mud at margin of saltmarsh north of railroad bridge on west dredge spill islands
REFERENCES:
Cordell, 3. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc, 43 pp
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-147

-------
Harpacticus uniremis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +05 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINiTY; 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: copepodids mean = 520.8 + /- 1 s.d. = 1573 m-2 (no other life history stages found)
BIOMASS LEVELS: copepodids: mean = 8.0 + /- 1 s.d. = 0 mg m-2 (no other life history stages found)
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FR! mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 1.30-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along established ” research transect in
PBNERR;sarnpled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical
comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off “Gun Club marsh”
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., J. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-148

-------
Harpacticus uniremis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =64.0 +1- 143.1 m-2; range: 0-320 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: mean = 3 + /- 10 mg m-2; range: 0-16 mg m-2
SEASONALITY. n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July)
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation)
SOURCES
LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubi. data.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-149

-------
Harpacticus uniremis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS; adults: mean = 3.0 + /. 1 s.d. = 5.1 100-cm2; copepodids: mean = 3.5 + /- 1 s.d. = 4.5 100-cm2,
for high epiphyte plant; none on non-epiphyte plant
BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=03 +1- 1 s.d.=0.8 mg 100-cm2; copepodids: mean=0.01 +/- 1 s.d.=0.O1 mg 100-
cin2, for high epiphyte plant, none on non-epiphyte plant
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-an segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in
situ); in laboratory, animals washed out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn
DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along “established” research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n=2 plants
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed
for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off “Gun Club marsh”
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., 3. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-U W.8813, Fish. Res Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
D-L50

-------
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D.151

-------
Hem igrapsus spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE
SALINiTY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 +/-6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 +/-4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m-2; induded in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.0 m; 1 miii. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanairno)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A Suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; GL WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
D-152

-------
Hemigrapsus spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mixed cobble sediments; under boulders and cobble 0- + 1.8 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: Hemigrapsus oregonesis
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 20-160 m-2 at +0.9 mMLLW
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN. stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; “F” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal rnacrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-153

-------
Heptacarpus spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: tide pools, 0-1.8 mMLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2. < 100 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrat.s; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; “T” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDEWF: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-L54

-------
Heptacarpus spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: rocky, with turf algae; usually more abundant in filamentous, than foliose algae
TEMPERATURE: 7+ C
SAUNITY:
FOOD: detritus
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-240 m-2, mean .49 m-2; SD=75
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-5 gm m-2 , mc n .8o. SD = 5.64
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Airlift (using SCUBA), by scrapping and ‘vacuuming 10 cm2 areas with turf algae from the hard
substrata
DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths; see Benson 1989 re. design
REPLICATION: n=5 at each depth interval
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: no specific format
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to per square meter
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts
SOURCES
LOCATION: artificial reefs off Edmonds, Gedney Island, Onamac Point, Possession Point, Misery Point, Point Heyer,
Toliva Shoal, Itsami Ledge, and Boeing Creek
REFERENCES:
Benson, B.L. 1989. Air-lift sampler: Applications for sampling hard substrata. Bull. Mar. Sd. 44(2). (In press).
Hueckel, GJ., and R.M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs
in Puget Sound, Washington Env. Biol. Fish. 19(3):195-214.
RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-155

-------
Hippolytidae (unid.)
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 24.0 + /- 1. s.d. = 21.9 m-2; range: 0.0-40.0 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean =12 + /. 1 s.d. =10 mg m-2; range: 8-28 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July)
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation)
SOURCES
LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and 3. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-1 .56

-------
Hippolytidae (unid.)
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: rocky, with turf algae; usually more abundant in lilamentous, than foliose algae
TEMPERATURE: 7+ C
SALINITY:
FOOD: detritus
OTHER: Spirontocaris spp.
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-240 m-2; mean =49 m-2; SD=75
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-5 gm m-2; mean = 2.86; SD = 5.64
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Airlift (using SCUBA), by scrapping and vacuuming 10 cm2 areas with turf algae from the hard
substrata
DESIGN: randomly selected sites at similar depths; see Benson 1989 re design
REPLICATION: n=5 at each depth interval
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: no specific format
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS standardized to per square meter
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots or bar charts
SOURCES
LOCATION: artificial reefs off Edmonds, Gedney Island, Onamac Point, Possession Point, Misery Point, Point Heyer,
Toliva Shoal, Itsami Ledge, and Boeing Creek
REFERENCES:
Benson, B.L. 1989. Air-lift sampler: Applications for sampling hard substrata. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44(2). (in press).
Hueckel, GJ., and R.M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs
in Puget Sound, Washington. Env. Biol. Fish. 19(3):195-214.
RESPONDENT: Hueckel; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-157

-------
Insecta (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE fine day mud (channel bottom); dean sand (sandflat); silty sand (marsh)
TEMPERATURE ap I. 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: macro algae, diatoms, etc.
OTHER: effects of eelgrass on benthos; effect of tidal flat pools
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: range = 200-40,000 invertebrates m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: highest numbers in summer/fall; freshwater input accects species composition
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.05 m2 sampler used to 15 cm depth and then dug out; seived through a .595 nm screen
DESIGN: sampled monthly at 11 station located from a marsh area to subtidal channel bottom; during summer
sampled eelgrass and non-eelgra.ss sediments
REPLICATION: n=3 at each station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: paper data sheets with station and number of invertebrates
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number m-2; log transformed for statistical analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots by tidal height; location
SOURCES
LOCATION: Baker Bay, Columbia River Estuary, near liwaco, Washington
REFERENCES:
Furota, and R.L Emmett. in prep. Benthic invertebrates along a transect in Baker Bay Unpubl. rep., NOA.A-NMFS,
Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-158

-------
Ischyrocerus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plaxilcters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand
TEMPERATURE:
SAlINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 2992.0 + /. 1. s.d. =14984 m-2; range. 1440-4800 m-2; combined adults
mean= 1844.0 /- I s.d.= 891.7 m-2; range. 840-2920 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 163 + /. 1 s d,=90 mg m-2; range: 64-272 mg m-2; combined adults mearn =651
+ /- 1 s.d =430 mg m-2; range: 316-1260 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July)
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation)
SOURCES
LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubi. data.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-159

-------
Ischyrocerus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SAUNITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean=0.2 +/- 1 s.d.=0.6 100-cm2; egg-c females: mean= 0.3 +/- 1 s.d.= 1.0 100-
cm2, for high epiphyte plant
BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=0.4 +1- 1 s.d.= 1.1 mg 100-cm2; egg-c females: mean=0.9 /- 1 s.d.=2.7 mg 100-
cm2, for high epiphyte plant
SEASONAUTY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-cm segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in
situ); in laboratory, animals washed Out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn
DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along “established” research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n=2 plants
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed
for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist, otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off “Gun Club marsh”
REFERENCES:
Simenscad, C. A .1. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW -8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
D-160

-------
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-161

-------
Leptocottus armatus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand W I some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean = 12.2 + /- 1 s.d. = 20.7 m-2; range: 0.1-75.3 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: (standing crop data not summarized)
SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-/late July
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30-rn from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches
subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage, enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt.)
REPLICATION: n = 3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d piots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordeli, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-162

-------
Leptocottus armatus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fme sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SAUNITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha abundant during much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 12.1 + /- 1 s.d. =103 m-2; range: 2.2-38.7 m•2
BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized; data available)
SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches
subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt.)
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal mudflai (+ 1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately
east of marina breakwater
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingharn, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-163

-------
Leptocottus armatus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vauchcria cuscrcd flats much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 199 • I - I s.d 20.2 m-2; range: 1.0-78.1
BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized. data a%ailable)
SEASONALITY: maxima in earls March Uccruits)
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (11W School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats, small catches retained, large catches
subsainpled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet WI)
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @‘ 11W ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2, log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise K.ruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Sratgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats C 1.8 iii
MLLW
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENI’: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-164

-------
Leptocottus armatus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand to mud
TEMPERATURE:
SALINTTY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 19.1; day & night catches comparable
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: most abundant in spring & summer
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37m beach seine; floating
DESIGN: weekly or twice weekly samples collected February.iuly 1978; both day & night hauls made; 3 eelgrass sites
sampled; 30m hauls
REPLICATiON: 2 samples per site
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Nisqually Reach
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, CA. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in Nisqually
Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research
institute, FRI-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-165

-------
Littorina spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on cobble; + 0.9-1.8 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: api. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 m MLLW
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0.9 mMLLW: 30-1075 m2
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0 mMLLW: 40-740gm m-2; +0.9 m MLLW: 10-625 gm m-2
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 crn2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and.Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-166

-------
Macoma spp.
GROUP: sedentary infauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine day mud (channel bottom); dean sand (sandflat); silty sand (marsh)
TEMPERATURE: apx. 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: maao algae, diatoms, etc.
OTHER: effects of eelgrass on benthos; effect of tidal flat pools
0CCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: range = 200-40,000 invertebrates m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALrTY: highest numbers in summer/fall; freshwater input accects species composition
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.05 m2 sampler used to 15 an depth and then dug out; seived through a .595 nm screen
DESIGN: sampled monthly at 11 station located from a marsh area to subtidal channel bottom; during summer
sampled eelgrass and non-eelgrass sediments
REPUCATION: n = 3 at each station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: paper data sheets with station and number of invertebrates
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: number m-2; log transformed for statistical analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: plots by tidal height; location
SOURCES
LOCATION: Baker Bay, Columbia River Estuary, near liwaco, Washington
REFERENCES:
Furota, and R.L Emmett. in prep. Benthic invertebrates along a transect in Baker Bay Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS,
Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-167

-------
Macoma spp.
GROUP: sedentary infauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE fine sand; silt clay with high organics (wood chips)
TEMPERATURE: 0.25 C
SALINITY: 0.32 ppt
FOOD: algal, micro flora on detritus particles
OTHER: currents, wave action on flats
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-60,000 m .2 depending on species
BIOMASS LEVELS: available at NMFS
SEASONALITY: peaks in spring of fall-winter depending on species and Station location
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.05 Powan dredge; samples were collected during high tide from vessel, washed through .595 (#30)
mesh siz, preserved in forinalin (10%) and then identified in lab
DESIGN: quarterly samples of many (non-random) selected sites throughout the estuary
REPLICATION: n = 2 per station for invertebrates; n =1 for sediment structure
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: on paper, never archived properly
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number m-2 at each station/season; sediment grain size
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River estuary
REFERENCES:
Durkin, J.T., and RI. Emmett. 1978. Benthic invertebrates of Baker Bay, Young’s Bay, and adjacent areas in the
Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D -168

-------
Macoma spp.
GROUP: sedentary infauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: medium to fine sand to sandy silt
TEMPERATURE: 17 C
SALINITY: 26 ppt
FOOD: diatoms; 100-8,000 I-i
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: range = 3000-6,500 (in control and test plots)
BIOMASS LEVELS: range = 120-370 kg m-2
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 or 0.10 m2 quadrat; sampling to 50 cm; sieved to 3-5 mm, sorted by species, counted, measured
(to nearest mm), and weighed (net weight, whole)
DESIGN: fixed sampled points within a 5 to 100 acres area with randomly selected stations in a 100 m2 area around
each point; sampled from -ito +2 (MLLW); 15-30 samples/sample period
REPLICATION: usually none; sampling pepeated quarterly to annually; ocasional station with 3-5 replicates
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ‘Lotus spreadsheets
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries, length/weight curves fitted
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length frequncies; length vs. weight and estimated age, total abundance (density); vs
sample period and age (size) group
SOURCES
LOCATION: Skagit Bay near Brown’s Slough
REFERENCES:
Cheney, D. and Harmon. Pre- and post-harvest environmental studies of a hydraulic clam rake operation in Skagit Bay.
University of Washington Sea Grant, Sea Harvest.
RESPONDENT. Cheney, BioAquatics International
D-169

-------
Macoma spp.
GROUP: sedentaiy infauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOCY
SUBSTRATE: fine to medium sand to clay hardpan; shell debris abundant on unconsolidated substrate; nearly all
clams (96%) were in sand to cobble sediments at 0 to -8 ft
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: Macoma nasata, M. secta
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS. 0 to -Sit $ m-2. -5 to -8 ft: 2.0 m-2; -8 to -15 ft. 00 m-2, -15 to -25 ft 0.7 m.2; below -25
ft: 0.0; mean=9.3 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: mean =76.5 g m.2
SEASONALITY: none; not measurcd
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: venturi dredge; 6 in (i.d.) hydraulic suction dredge; clams were collected in a 0.75 in mesh vexar bag;
substrate vacuumed with in a 025 m2 quadrat to a depth of 50 cm
DESIGN: samples from stations fixed by a predetermined transect perpendicular to shore at depths of -0 4 to -48.0 ft
(MLLW); all sampled on August 15, 1986
REPLICATION: none, 22 samples overall
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: simple spreadsheets
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none; basic data summary only
GRAPHS AND FIGURES none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Elliott Bay immediately west of piers 90-91
REFERENCES:
BioAquatics International (D. Cheney). 1986. Distribution and abundance of subtidal hardshell clams at the Elliott Bay
Marina project site. Elliott Bay Marina Group. Project Rpt. 11 pp.
RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International
D-170

-------
Mya arenaria
GROUP: sedentary infauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mixed cobble sediments at approximately 0 rn MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m .2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep; seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large infauna; 31.2
cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples; 4 reps for cores at each station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy-, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; T tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-171

-------
Mya arenaria
GROUP: sedentary infauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: medium to fine sand to sandy silt
TEMPERATURE: 17 C
SALINiTY: 26ppt
FOC)D: diatoms 100-8,000 1-1
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean=1C)4 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: mean = 3 kg.m-2
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 or 0.10 m2 quadrat; sampling to 50 cm; sieved to 3-5 mm, sorted by species, counted, measured
(to nearest mm), and weighed (net weight, whole)
DESIGN: fixed sampled points within a 5 to 100 acres area with randomly selected stations in a 100 m2 area around
each point; sampled from -ito +2 (MLLW); 15-30 samples/sample period
REPLICATION: usually none; sampling pepeated quarterly to annuallr, ocasional station with 3-5 replicates
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ‘Lotus’ spreadsheets
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries, length/weight curves fltted
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length frequncies; length vs. weight and estimated age, total abundance (density); vs.
sample period and age (size) group
SOURCES
LOCATION: Skagit Bay near Brown’s Slough
REFERENCES:
Cheney, D. and Harmon. Pre- and post-harvest environmental studies of a hydraulic dam rake operation in Skagit Bay.
University of Washington Sea Grant, Sea Harvest.
RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International
D-i72

-------
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry)
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: unknown
TEMPERATURE: available
SALINITY: available
FOOD: see Fresh et al. (1981)
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all size classes captured; data available but not summarized; fish were I +; probably were
residents (had not left Puget Sound)
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: not sufficient data
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 500m x 55m (2 cm mesh) purse seine
DESIGN: 3 sampling trips made in 1979 in Puget Sound south of Possession Point; numerous sites sampled, both day &
night hauls
REPLICATION: same sites
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: MESA/NODC; forms
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: N/A
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: N/A
SOURCES
LOCATION: Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L., R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitfish, and their potential predators
and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department
of Fisheries Progress Report No. 145.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-173

-------
Oncorhynchus kisutch
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: unknown
TEMPERATURE: available
SALINITY: available
FOOD: see Fresh et al. (1981)
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all size classes captured; data available but not summarized; fish were 1+; probably were
residents (had not left Puget Sound)
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: not sufficient data
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 500m x 55m (2 cm mesh) purse seine
DESIGN: 3 sampling trips made in 1979 in Puget Sound south of Possession Point; numerous sites sampled, both day &
night hauls
REPLICATION: same sites
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: MESA/NODC; forms
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: N/A
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: N/A
SOURCES
LOCATION: Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L, R.D. Cardwell, and R.R. Koons. 1981. Food habits of pacific salmon, baitfish, and their potential predators
and competitors in the marine waters of Washington, August 1978 to September 1979. Washington Department
of Fisheries Progress Report No. 145.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D-174

-------
Oncorhynchus spp. (fry)
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean=3 7 /- 1 s.d. =7.6 m-2, range 0-22.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: (standing crop data not summarized)
SEASONALITY: maxima in mid-May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30-rn from
and parallet to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches
subsampled; sorted to spp and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt)
REPU CATION: n = 3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures., histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Siinenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-175

-------
Oncorhynchus spp. (fry)
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine mud to clean sand
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: Corophium spp, Eurytemora affinis, Daphnia spp., Neomysis mercedis, etc.
0TH ER: length of residence, time of day, tidal stage, tidal height
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: highly variable depending on site; estimated 0-10,000; depends on schooling fish and
hatchery releases
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: highest numbers in spring-summer and fall; depending on species; winter low
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNiQUES: beach seining; 4-5Gm deep
DESIGN: various sites depending on study; sample every month
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Ascii, NMFS format; stored on NWAFC Burroughs computer
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: CPUE
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number vs. time; length frequency distribution; IRI figures
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River Estuary
REFERENCES:
National Marine Fisheries Service. 1981. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program report: Salmonid and
non-salmonid fish. NOA.A4’ IMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-176

-------
Oncorhynchus spp. (fry)
GROUP: motile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: various
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: Corophium spp., calanoid copepods, insects, inysids, Daphnia spp., etc
OTHER: tidal stage, time of day, tidal height
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-40,000/set; depends on schooling fish and hatchery releases
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: highest numbers in summer/fall depending on species of concern and area in estuary
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: purse seine; collect, identify, measure, and weigh fish species; sample once/month depending on
study; sometimes more intensive during salmonid migration
DESIGN: 10-200 m deep; 03 in. stretch mesh; knotless bunt; 2 vessels used; seining done all at flood, high slack tide
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCu NMFS format, species code; transformed to CPUE
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA on logged (x+ 1) data; chi-square
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length-frequency distribution; numbers/month; # species/month
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River estuary
REFERENCES:
McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, and RJ. McConnell. 1987. Abundance and size-dass structure of Dungeness crabs in or
near frequently-dredged areas in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish Cent., Seattle, WA. 31 pp.
McCabe, G.T., R.L. Emmett, T.C. Colby, and R.J. McConnell. 1986. Distribution, abundance, and size-class structure of
Dungeness crabs in the Columbia River estuary. Unpubl. rep., NOAA-NMFS to U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Northwest Alaska Fish. Cent., Seattle, WA. 57 pp.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-177

-------
Orchestoidea pugettensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand and mixed sand; at +0.9 rnMLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 in MLLW
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, +1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; duster analysis; regression; “r tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-178

-------
Paraphoxus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic planicters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand, some Enteromorpha
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 33,209 + /- 2,092 (study area); mean = 33,822 + /- 19,071 (control); range 21,529 to
61,883 m-2; included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONAL ITY: sampled once only, August 25, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 um Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2. On ,
REPLICATION: n = 3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATiON
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /. std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (zn-2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.) B.C. unpublished report to Public Works Candada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. Williams and Associates 1 Ltd.
D-179

-------
Paraphoxus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE. sand and mixed sand; 0- + 18 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE unknown
SALINiTY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: epifauna abundance at 0.9 m >> 0 m or 1.8 mMLLW
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: rare, apx. 2 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy, species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STA11STICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; “7” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, .1. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-180

-------
Platichthys stellatus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=4.6 +/- 1 s.d. =9.2 m-2; range: 0-33.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: (standing crop data not summarized)
SEASONALITY: maxima in mid./late July
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30-rn from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches
subsam pled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet wi)
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2.d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Siinenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellinghain, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-181

-------
Platichthys stellatus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enterornorpha abundant during much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean =2.1 +1- 1 s.d.=4.9 m-2; range: 0.1-17.4 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized; data available)
SEASONALITY: maxima in late August
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (UW School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag; set 30 m from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches
subsampled; sorted to spp. and life history stage; enumerated and weighed (damp wet WI.)
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing op (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; exposed, high intertidal znudflat (+1.8 m MLLW) in Harbor immediately
east of marina breakwater
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Siinenstad, i. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenscad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-182

-------
Platichthys stellatus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt, fine sand; some depressions and shallow drainage channels
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: Enteromorpha and Vaucheria cnvcrcd flats much of spring
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean=0.3 ./. 1 sd =0.6 m-2; range: 0-2.1 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: (not summarized. data a%dilable)
SEASONALITY: maxima in August
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37-rn long beach seine (1TV ’ School of Fisheries research seine) w/ 7-mm mesh bag, set 30 m from
and parallel to shore; retrieved to sample 520 m2
DESIGN: adjacent, consecutive sets made in identical shallow subtidal habitats; small catches retained, large catches
subsainpled; sorted to spp. and life history stage, enumerated and weighed (damp wet wt.)
REPLICATION: n=3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 3; archived on 9-tract mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; protected mudflat inside Blame Marina; upper margin of flats @ 1.8 m
MLLW
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marina and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-U W-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bdllingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-183

-------
Platichthys stellatus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand to mud
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 130; day & night catches comparable
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sporadically abundant
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 37m beach seine; floating
DESIGN: weekly or twice weekly samples collected February-July 1978, both day & night hauls made; 3 eelgrass sites
sampled; 30m hauls
REPLICATION: 2 samples per site
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC/MESA
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Nisqually Reach
REFERENCES:
Fresh, K.L., D. Rabin, C.A. Simenstad, E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in Nisqually
Reach area of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Final report to Weyerhauser Company. Fisheries Research
Institute, FRI-UW-7904. University of Washington, 229 pp.
RESPONDENT: Fresh; Washington Department of Fisheries
D.184

-------
Plecoptera (un d.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud and detritus
TEMPERATURE: 11-22 C
SALINITY: 0-7 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 222 m-2 (June 1987)
BIOMASS LEVELS: 22 mg m -2
SEASONALITY: peak in June
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: FRI mesopump (epibenthic suction sampler); 0.016 m2 sampling area; sieved on 150 urn mesh screen
DESIGN: 20 sites along transect; sampled monthly March-June (1987) & April (1988)
REPLICATION: n=20
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT:
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: Lincoln Ave. wetland, Puyallup River, Tacoma WA
REFERENCES:
Shreffler, DX. 1989. Temporary residence and foraging by juvenile salmon in a restored estuarine wetland. M.S. thesis.
Univ. of Washington. 100 pp.
RESPONDENT: Shreffler; Fisheries Research Institute
D-185

-------
Pleuronichthys vetulus
GROUP: sessile fish
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine mud to dean sand
TEMPERATURE: 0-25 C
SALINITY: 0-32 ppt
FOOD: Corophiurn spp, Eurytemora affinis, Daphnia spp., Neomysis mercedis, etc.
OTHER: length of residence, time of day, tidal stage, tidal height
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: highly variable depending on site; estimated 0-10,000
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALrFY: highest numbers in spring-summer and fall; depending on species; winter low
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: beach seining 4-50 m deep
DESIGN: various sites depending on study sample every month
REPUCATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Ascii, NMFS format; stored on NWAFC Burroughs computer
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: CPUE
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: number vs. time; length frequency distribution; IRI figures
SOURCES
LOCATION: Columbia River Estuary
REFERENCES:
National Marine Fisheries Service. 1981. Columbia River Estuary Data Development Program report: Salmonid and
non-salmonid fish. NOAA-NMFS, Northwest Alaska Fish. Center, Seattle, WA.
RESPONDENT: Emmett; National Marine Fisheries Service
D-186

-------
Polychaeta (unid.)
GROUP.
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand, some Enteromorpha
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 33,209 + /- 2,092 (study area); mean = 33,822 + / - 19,071 (control); range 21,529 to
61,883 m-2; included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY. sampled once only, August 25, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2. Om
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m.2; mean + /- std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m-2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 63 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.) B.C. unpublished report to Public Works Candada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
D-187

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Polychaeta (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble with Fucus
TEMPERATURE
SALINITY: >25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 9,705 + /- 6,484 (study area); mean = 8,678 + /. 4,174 (control); range 3,036 to
19,249 m-2; included in total epibenthos
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: sampled once only, August 24, 1983
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.164 m2 underwater suction (benthic/epibenthic) sampler modified from Gale & Thompson (1975);
powered by submerged bilge pump run by battery from boat; samples retained in 295 urn Nitex mesh
DESIGN: lower intertidal for control and for development area along 1 transect (= tidal elevation); water depths 0.5 to
2.0 m; 1 mm. suction/sample
REPLICATION: n=3 for each station; subsamples obtained by pooling replicates and elutriation process undertaken &
10 subsamples obtained using method from H. Muncie (PBS, Nanaimo)
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: data tables; figures (histogram)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to m-2; mean + /- std. deviation
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: abundance (m.2) vs. substrate
SOURCES
LOCATION: Duncan Bay barge terminal site, apx. 6.5 km north of Campbell River on Vancouver Island
REFERENCES:
Gale, W.F. and J.D. Thompson. 1975. A Suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrate in rivers.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:398-405.
Waddell, B. and S. Markowski. 1983. Campbell River foreshore biophysical inventory. Water Use Unit, Habitat
Management Division, Dept. of Fish and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. 53 pp.
Williams, G.L. 1983. A survey of the marine benthic invertebrates and vegetation at the proposed Transp. Can. barge
loading facility at Campbell River (Middle Pt.), B.C. unpublished report to Public Works, Canada. 30 pp.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
D-188

-------
Polychaeta (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: in mixed cobble sediments
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OTHER: Corophium acherusicum
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: +0.9 m MLLW -24 gm m-2 (6-36 gm m-2 with 95% confidence); 0 in MLLW: 8-24gm m.2 (0-
40 gin m-2 with 95% confidence)
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep, seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large infauna; 31.2
cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples, 4 reps for cores at each station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS species area curves, cluster analysis; regression; T tests, discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-189

-------
Polychaeta (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE mud-sand; sedentaria on cobbles, boulders, and rock walls
TEMPERATURE: 9-10 C
SALINITY: 30-32 ppt
FOOD: CN
OTHER: amount of wood debris can affect food supply by increasing C/N; shift in feeding guilds of polychaetes
documented
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: see reference; 1000-5000 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: see reference; 03-2.0 g m-2 dry weight
SEASONALITY: see feference; dissolved oxygen seemed to overide seasonal effects
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 1) if within SCUBA, quadrat & airlift/suction sampler or corer in appropriate sediment; 2) if beyond
SCUBA, Smith-McIntyre grab is prefered device; mesh size of selves = 0.5mm
DESIGN: 1) if general survey, transects along depth gradient; 2) ii point or diffuse pollution source, grid or concentric
rings
REPUCATION: minimum n=3 per station; n=5 is preferred or number to be read asymptote of species-sample plot
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: SAS files; hard copy and microfiche for archiving
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: univariate at first cut; frequently multivariate depending on objectives
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: spatial plots, histograms on transects, duster diagrams
SOURCES
LOCATION: Albernit Inlet, B.C. (west coast Vancouver Island)
REFERENCES:
Levings C.D., et a!. 1983. (review of subtidal benthos in Strait of Georgia) Can. .1. Fish. Aquac. Sci. 40:1120-1141.
Levings C.D., et al. 1985. p. 131-158 in Ketchum Ct al. (editors). Wastes in the Oceans, Volume 6. Wiley, Toronto.
RESPONDENT: Levings; Department of Fisheries and Oceans
D-190

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Polychaeta (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silty sand with occassional rocks and cobble; clayey silts with common wood dibris
TEMPERATURE:
SAuNTrY:
FOOD:
OTHER: water currents 50-290 ft hr-i during ebb and flood tides
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2000-5300 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: hydraulic lift; Ventari suction device; sampling 0.05 m2 x 100 mm core; sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh
bag
DESIGN: five stations sampled withinn project area, one in a nearby dredged area; elevations were +04 to -10.7 ft; all
sampled on 19 October 1983 (1320-1430)
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: simple numerical summaries
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gig Harbor near Donkey Creek, at site of now constructed ‘Murphy’s Landing, a 90 slip marina where 5
acres of mtertidal/subtidal bottom area were developed
REFERENCES:
Cheney, D.., C. Cheney, M. Jordan, and M. Kyte. 1983. Turner Marina, Gig Harbor, Washington. Supplemental
Environmental Information.
RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International
D-19i

-------
Pontogeneia rostrata
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sik-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=9.3 ÷1- 1 s.d. =213 m-2; range: 0-55.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=17 +/- 1 s.d.=60 mg m-2, range: 11-272mg m-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in mid.March
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 Sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal
elevation
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS. AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise K.ruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Sirnenstad, 3. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-8901, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-192

-------
Pontogeneia rostrata
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OThER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean= 62.5 + /. I s.d.= 62.5 m-2 (no other life history stages found)
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles mean =29.0 /- 1 s.d.=5.0 mg m-2 (no other life history stages found)
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along “established research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical
comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off Gun Club marsh
REFERENCES:
Simenstad,, C. A., 3. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRJ-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-193

-------
Pontogeneia rostrata
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE coarse sand
TEMPERATURE:
SALINFrY:
FOOD:
OThER: dense Zostera marina meadow
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles: mean = 104.0 + /- 1. s.d. = 1043 m.2; range: 120.240 m-2; combined adults:
mean= 184.0 +/- 1 s.d.=282.4m-2; range: 280-640m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles: mean=41 ÷/- 1 s.d.=40 mg m-2; range: 56-84mg m-2; combined adults: mean= 162
+ /- 1 s.d. = 240 mg m.2; range: 148-508 rng m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.10-m2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July)
REPLICATION: n = S
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation)
SOURCES
LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubi. data.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-194

-------
Pontogeneia rostrata
GROUP: epibenthic planicters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand w/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; + 0.5 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults mean =0.2 + /- 1 s.d. = 0.7 100-cm2; juveniles: mean = 5 0 + /- 1 s.d. = 7.8 100-cm2,
for high epiphyte plant
BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=0.01 ÷1- 1 s.d.=0.01 mg 100-cm2,juveniles mean=3.9 /- 1 s.d = 7 .7mg 100-cm2,
for high epiphyte plant
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-cm segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in
situ); in laboratory, animals washed out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn
DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along “established” research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n = 2 plants
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed
for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off “Gun aub marsh”
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., J. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, C. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
D-195

-------
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-196

-------
Pugettia gracilis
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on cobble, under cobble, in mixed sediments, at 0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unkno
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unkno
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2-100 m.2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 100 cm2 quadrats; all organisms identified
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, + 0.9, + 1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 8 reps per station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; V tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J. 1977. The impaci of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-197

-------
Scirpus americanus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand to day
TEMPERATURE soil temp = 12-16 C in May
SALINITY: 0-12 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: redox. (+)155.(.)435 mV
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: 600 g dry weight m
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects, continuous presence/absence data; added to 16 environmental stations; sampled
weekly at environmental plots for phenology. growth, salinity, temperature
DESIGN: sampled production at end of season
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals
SOURCES
LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork
REFERENCES:
Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh PhD dissertation, University of
Washington.
Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. .J. Bot 61:1105-1116.
Ewing, K. 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh.
Estuaries 9:49-62.
Ewing, K. 1989. (manuscript)
RESPONDENT: Ewing; Range Science Department
D-198

-------
Scirpus maritimus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE:
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS
BIOMASS LEVELS Deschampsia assemblage 500-1580 g dry i m-2
SEASONALITY: all seasons - peak live material in August.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: standing stock: 0.25 or 1.0 m2 quadrats
DESIGN: random samples within strata
REPLICATION: 2-30
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; “Lotus’ flies
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Grays Harbor, Drayton Harbor
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., CA Simenstad, J.R, Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. Fisheries mitigation plan for expansion of moorage at
Blame Marina, Blame, Washington. FRI-UW-8817. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington,
Seattle.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-199

-------
Scirpus maritimus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand to clay
TEMPERATURE: soil temp = 12-16 C in May
SALINITY: 0-12 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: redox. (+)155 .(-)435 mV
OCCLJRENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: 425 g dry weight m-2
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects; continuous presence/absence data; added to 16 environmental stations; sampled
weekly at environmental plots for phenology, growth, salinity, temperature
DESIGN: sampled production at end of season
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals
SOURCES
LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork
REFERENCES:
Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh. PhD dissertation. University of
Washington.
Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. J. Bot. 61:1105.1116.
Ewing, K. 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh.
Estuaries 9:49.62..
Ewing, K. 1989. (manuscript)
RESPONDENT: Ewing; Range Science Department
D-200

-------
Scirpus validus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARAc’rERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand silt
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: 0 ppt (freshwater)
FOOD:
OTHER:
0CCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: one sampling only; Sept. 1987
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Braun-Blonquet sociability classes (ito 5); abundance & coverage (+ ,1-6)
DESIGN: 10 plots; 1 m2 plots; to obtain natural marsh coverage data at marina development site prior to construction;
compensation site monitoring: species i.d.; 1 m2 plots (n=15); aerial color photographs
REPLICATION: n=10-15
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION.
DATA FORMAT: raw data; not processed; compensation monitoring on going
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: data will be processed this fall
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: data will be processed this fall
SOURCES
LOCATION: Bridge Pont Harbour Market site North Arm (immediately below Oak St. Bridge in Richmond),
compensation site on south side of Mitchell Island (immediately downstream of Arrow Transfer)
REFERENCES:
Williams, G.L. 1985. Outline of habitat compensation for proposed Bridge Point Harbour Market development,
Richmond, B.C. unpubl. report for North Fraser Harbour Commission, Richmond. 35 pp.
Williams, G.L 1989. Final report on marsh construction.
RESPONDENT: Williams; G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
D-201

-------
Scirpus validus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE sand to clay
TEMPERATURE: soil temp = 12.16 C in May
SALINITY: 0-12 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: redox. (+)155-(-)435 mV
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: vegetation transects; continuous presence/absence data; added to 16 environmental stations; sampled
weekly at environmental plots for phenology, growth, salinity, temperature
DESIGN: sampled production at end of season
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: only reduced data available
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: multivariate techniques: regression, binary discriminate analysis, PCA, decorana
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: numerous, in dissertation and journals
SOURCES
LOCATION: Skagit Bay, intertidal marsh between Freshwater Slough and North Fork
REFERENCES:
Ewing, K. 1982. Plant response to environmental variation in the Skagit marsh. PhD dissertation, University of
Washington.
Ewing, K. 1983. Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal plant communities. Can. i. Lot. 61:1105-1116.
Ewing, K 1986. Plant growth and productivity along complex gradients in a Pacific northwest brackish intertidal marsh.
Estuaries 9:49-62.
Ewing, K 1989. (manuscript)
RESPONDENT: Ewing, Range Sc ence Department
D-202

-------
Tanaidacea (unid.)
GROUP:
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silty sand with occassional rocks and cobble; clayey silts with common wood dibris
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER: water currents 50-290 ft hr-i during ebb and flood tides
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 28043,860 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: hydraulic lift; Ventari suction device; sampling 0.05 m2 x 100 mm core, sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh
bag
DESIGN: five stations sampled withinn project area, one in a nearby dredged area; elevations were +0.4 to -10 7 ft; all
sampled on 19 October 1983 (1320-1430)
REPLICATION: none
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: simple numerical summaries
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. none
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: none
SOURCES
LOCATION: Gig Harbor near Donkey Creek, at site of now constructed ‘Murphys Landing, a 90 slip marina where 5
acres of intertidal/subtidal bottom area were developed
REFERENCES:
Cheney, D., C. Cheney, M. Jordan, and M. Kyte. 1983. Turner Marina, Gig Harbor, Washington Supplemental
Environmental Information.
RESPONDENT: Cheney BioAquatics International
D-203

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Tellina spp.
GROUP: sedentary infauna
HABITAT CHARACrERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mixed cobble sediments at approximately 0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE: unknown
SALINITY: apx. 28-30 ppt
FOOD: unknown
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: rare (<1 m-2)
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrat; 30 cm deep; seived through 6 mm mesh screen for bivalves and large infauna; 31.2
cm2 surface area core, 15 cm deep seived thri a 1.0 mm screen for small infauna
DESIGN: stratified random samples by habitat type and tide height (0, +0.9, +1.8 m above MLLW)
REPLICATION: 2 reps for 0.25 m2 samples; 4 reps for cores at each station
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: hard copy; species abundance and distribution by tide height, season, habitat
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: species area curves; cluster analysis; regression; “1” tests; discriminant analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: 5 central Puget Sound beaches: Alki; Carkeek; Lincoln Park; Richmond; West Point
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, 3. 1977. The impact of subtidal sewage outfalls on the intertidal macrofauna of several central Puget Sound
beaches. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington. 183 pp. and Appendices.
RESPONDENT: Armstrong,; Environmental Protection Agency
D-204

-------
Tisbe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: silt-sand w/ some gravel beneath surface
TEMPERATURE: 8.0 degrees C (March) to 24 degrees C (July)
SALINITY: greater than 25ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: all adults and juveniles:mean = 32752.7 + /. 1 s.d. = 56834.7 m-2; range: 125-207777.8 rn-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: all adults and juveniles:mean = 677 + /- 1 s.d. = 1030 mg m-2; range: 6-3222 mg ni-2
SEASONALITY: maxima in late April
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen, pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: permanent sampling points established randomly along transect line through eelgrass meadow at same tidal
elevation
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2; log transformed for
statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if homogeneous variance, otherwise Kruskel-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line figures, histograms, 2-d and 3-d plots, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Washington; mid-intertidal (0.6 m MLLW) eelgrass meadow east of Blame Marina
REFERENCES:
Thom, R. M., C. A. Simenstad, J. R. Cordell, and E. 0. Salo 1989. Fish and their epibenthic prey in a marine and
adjacent mudflats and ceigrass meadow in a small estuarine bay FRI-UW-890i, Final Rep. prep. for The Port
of Bellingham, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA. 27 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-205

-------
Tisbe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE compacted silt at edge of emergent marsh; approximate tidal elevation + 2 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNfl :
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adult: mean = 125.0 + /. 1 s.d. = 623 m2; range: 623-1873 m-2; copepodids: mean = 250 + /-
1 s.d. = 34.2; range: 0-62.5
BIOMASS LEVELS: adult: mean =6 + /- 1 s.d.= 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2; copepodids: mean = 3 + /- 1 s.d. =1 mg
m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING MF HODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.
DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion
(early March)
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrogranis
SOURCES
LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; salt marsh adjacent to bingo parlor just west of railroad bridge crossing of channel
REFERENCES:
CordeU, i. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthiczooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-206

-------
Tisbe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: in tidal channel draining lagoon behind dredge spoil islands; sandy at 0.0 m MLLW
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS- all adults combined: mean= 100.0 /- 1 s.d.=223.7 m2, range: 62.5-312.5 m-2; copepodids:
rnean=873 +/- 1 s.d.=713; range: 623-1873 m-2
BJOMASS LEVELS: all adults combined: mean=3 /- I s.d.=1 mg m-2; range: 0-6mg m.2; copepodids: mean=5 +/-
1 s.d.= less than 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 150-urn mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.
DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion
(early March)
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograrns
SOURCES
LOCATION: Swinomish Channel; tidal channel in mudflat emptying lagoon just north of railroad bridge on west
dredge spill islands
REFERENCES:
Cordell, J. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp.
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-207

-------
Tisbe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE on promontory just across ch inneI from dredge spo 11 island, at outer edge of salt marsh; mud at + 1.5 m
MLLW
TEMPERATURE
SALINiTY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean=37.5 +1- 1 s.d.=55.9 m2; range: 62.5-125.0 m-2; copepodids: mean=37.5 +/-
1 s.d.=83.9; range: 0-1873 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean = 3 + /- 1 s.d. = I mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2; copepodids: mean = 1 + /- 1 s.d. = less
than 1 mg m-2; range: 0-6 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: n.a.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/ 150.um mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn mesh screen; pumped for 15 sec.
DESIGN: Random samples collected from same tidal elevation and substrate characteristics; sampled on one occasion
(early March)
REPUCATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archived on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: microcomputer-generated histrograms
SOURCES
LOCATION: Swinornish Channel; mud at margin of saltmarsh north of railroad bridge on west dredge spill islands
REFERENCES:
Cordell, J. R. 1986. Swinomish Boat Basin site epibenthic zooplankton, 1 March, 1986. Unpubl. rep. to URS, Inc., 43 pp.
RESPONDENT: Sünenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-208

-------
Tisbe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand W/ gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +0.5 ft MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adult: mean=1625.0 +/-l s.d =1701.3 m-2; egg-c females: mean=83.3 +/-1 s.d.=95.5 m-2;
copepodids: mean= 1291.7 + /- 1 s.d = 1592.6 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: adult: mean=23.0 +/- 1 s.d.=30 mg m-2; egg-c females: mean=4.0 +/- 1 s.d.=O mg m-2;
copepodids: mean=8.0 + /- 1 s.d. =0 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 um in laboratory
DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along “established” research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 03 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2; log transformed for statistical
comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES -
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; fiat
just off “Gun Club marsh”
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., I. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
D-209

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RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-210

-------
Tisbe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-fine sand; no surface organics
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28-29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbancc
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: mean = 20.8. 1 s d - 36.1 for juv. (no adults found)
BIOMASS LEVELS: mean = 6 0 mg. I s d .00, damped wet weight for juv. (no adults found)
SEASONALITY: no data other than for earls May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.018-m2 epibenthic pump (FRI mesopump); battery powered; w/130-um mesh on intake ports;
sieved through 130-urn screen; pumped for 15 sec.; sieved to 253 urn in laboratory
DESIGN: randomly selected sites within same tidal elevation along “estabIished research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 0.5 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n=5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FR!; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop m-2, log transformed for statistical
comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off “Gun Club marsh”
REFERENCES:
Sirnenstad, C. A., 3. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
RESPONDENT: Simenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-211

-------
Tisbe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand
ThMPERATURE.
SAL Th
FOOD:
OTHER: dense Zostera marina meadow
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean 2688.0 + /- 1. s.d. 1043.6 m-2; range: 1520-4160 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: juveniles and adults combined: mean=48 +/- 1 s.d.=30 mg m-2; range: 24-80 mg m-2
SEASONALITY: na.
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.1O-rn2 epibenthic suction pump (FRI macropump); gas engine powered; w/ 130-urn mesh on ports;
organisms filtered through nested 500-urn, 253-urn, and 130-urn mesh nets; pumped for 45 sec.
DESIGN: random samples from discrete substrate and tidal elevation; sampled on one occasion (early July)
REPLICATION: n = 5
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5; archieved on 9-track mag. tape @ UW ACC (Cyber); uses all NODC
codes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: density and standing crop (damped wet weight) standardized to m-2
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: (data not processed beyond tabulation)
SOURCES
LOCATION: Alki Point (Seattle), central Puget Sound
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., and J. R. Cordell. 1984. n.a. Unpubl. data.
RESPONDENT: Sirnenstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-212

-------
Tisbe spp.
GROUP: epibenthic planicters
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand WI gravel, some silt patches; thick Zostera marina growth; +03 ft. MLLW tidal elevation
TEMPERATURE: 23.0 degrees C
SALINITY: 28.29 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER: weather sunny, no wave disturbance
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: adults: mean = 7.8 + /- 1 s.d. =6.9 100-cm2; egg-c females: mean = 3.6 + /- 1 s.d. =4 8 100-
cm2; copepodids: mean = 18.5 + /. 1 s.d = 27.5 100-cm2, for high epiphyte plant
BIOMASS LEVELS: adults: mean=0.3 +/- 1 s.d.=0.4 mg 100-cm2; egg-c females mean=0.3 1 - I s.d.=0.4 mg 100-
cm2; copepodids: mean = 0.3 + /. 1 s.d. = 0.4, for high epiphyte plant
SEASONALITY: no data other than for early May
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: Zostera marina plants collected intact, or as 10-cm segments, without disturbance of epiphytes (e.g., in
situ); in laboratory, animals washed out of epiphytes and sieved to 253 urn
DESIGN: randomly selected plants within same tidal elevation along ‘established’ research transect in
PBNERR;sampled with 03 to 1.5 m water depth
REPLICATION: n = 2 plants
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NODC format 100, file type 5 as modified by FRI; archived on 9-tract tape at UW ACC (Cyber); all
NODC codes used
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: standardized to density and standing crop 100-cm2 surface area of blade; log transformed
for statistical comparisons; ANOVA used if uniform variance dist., otherwise Kruskal-Wallis non-parametri
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots, histograms, etc. using Statgraphics
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; established littoral flat gradient research transect; flat
just off ‘Gun Club marsh’
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, C. A., i. R. Cordell, R. C. Wissmar, K. L Fresh, S. L. Schroder, M. Carr, G. Sanborn, and M. E. Burg 1988.
Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington FRI-UW-8813, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA.
60 pp. (also NOAA Tech. Rep. Series OCRM/MEMD)
D -213

-------
RESPONDEWr: Simcnstad; Fisheries Research Institute
D-214

-------
Typha spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: clay/mud
TEMPERATURE:
SALINTFY: 0.0 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: percent cover up to 100%
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: summer max cover
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 1.0 m2 quadrat for percent cover
DESIGN: systematic samples along elevation gradient
REPLICATION:
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Puyallup River estuary
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, and E.O. Salo. 1987. The Lincoln Street wetland system in the Puyallup River estuary,
Washington. Phase I report. Construction and initial monitoring, July 1985-December 1986.
Thom, R.M., CA Simenstad, D.K. Shreffler, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. The Lincoln Street wetland system in
the Puyallup River estuary, Washington. Phase II report: Year two monitoring, January-December 1987.
Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle. FRI-U W-8812.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research institute
D-215

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Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel
TEMPERATURE 8-28 C
SALINITY: 15-31 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wt m-2; net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m2 yr-i
SEASONALITY: spring-summer maximum biomass
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity; calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery.
Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thom, i.R. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah
Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate
seagrass system. Marine Biology.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
D-216

-------
Thom, R.M. 1983. Conipostitlon, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor
estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research
Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington,
Seattle. FRI-UW-8808.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibriglit. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing
stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound.
Thom, R.M., CA Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent
mudflats and eelgrass meadow mn small estuarine harbor.
Thom, R.M., KK Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hainpel, C. Law, i. Orensanz, and
D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point,
Bainbridge Island, Washington A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.
61 pp.
Thom, R.M., R. Albright, and E.O. Salo 19$4 Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp 87-139 in
Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head
Publ.FRI-UW-8417,Fish Rcs Insi.. Univ of Wash 177pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Re carch Institute
D-217

-------
Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic maa oalgae
HABITAT CHARAC ER1STICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable
BIOMASS LEVELS: variable
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 025 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity. calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics” data files; “Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor, Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery.
Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thom, J.R Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah
Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate
seagrass system. Marine Biology.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
D-218

-------
Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor
estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research
Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, IJniviversity of Washington,
Seattle. FRI-UW-8808.
Thom, R.M 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S Army Corp of Engineers.
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing
stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound.
Thom, R.M., CA. Siinenstad, J.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent
mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor.
Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Fahnagne, 3. Hampel, C. Law, i. Orensanz, and
D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point,
Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.
61 pp.
Thom, R.M., R. Albright, and E.O Salo. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp 87-139 in
QJ Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project. Duwamish Head.
PubI. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-219

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Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on or closely associated with eelgrass shoots
TEMPERATURE: 8-30 C
SALINITY: 15-33 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-100% co’cr production rates apx. 200-300 g c/sq. rn/yr
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-40 g dry wt/sq m
SEASONALITY: year round; most abundant in May-September
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigji. 2) primary productiviiy light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubat ions
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliot Bay, Neah Bay
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refmery.
Simenstad, CA, R.M. Thom, JR. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah
Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate
seagrass system. Marine Biology.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
D-220

-------
Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor
estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research
Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington,
Seattle. FRI-UW-8808.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. and R.E. Albright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing
stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound.
Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, i.R. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent
mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor.
Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. E .scofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, 3. Orensanz, and
D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point,
Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.
61 pp.
Thom, R.M., R. Albriglfl, and E.O. Salo. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap. 4, pp. 87-139 in
Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head.
PubI. FRI.UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-221

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Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgac
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel
TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C
SALINITY: 15-3lppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dry wt m-2; net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i
SEASONALITY: spring-summer max. biomass
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above
ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics” data files; “Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor, Elliott Bay; Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J.W., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal
macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9:277-290.
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery.
Thom, R.M. 1978. The compostion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of
central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington. 237 pp.
Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in central Puget Sound, Washington.
U.S.A Botanica Marina 23:7-11.
D-222

-------
Thom, R.M. 1985, An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seattle. Submitted
to the City of Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers,
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., . 1W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, and K.K. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on benthic marine flora of the
Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea
Grant PubI. WSG-WO 77-1.
Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at
five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9:267-275.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-223

-------
Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic rnacroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable
BIOMASS LEVELS: variable
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above
grQund part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity; calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity; range 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics ” data files; “Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahursi Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay, Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, LW., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal
macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9:277-290.
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery.
Thom, R.M. 1978. The compost.ion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of bent hic algae on the eastern shore of
central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington. 237 pp.
Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in central Puget Sound, Washington.
U.S.A. Botanica Marina 23:7-11.
D-224

-------
Thom, R.M. 1985. An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seattle. Submitted
to the City of Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park ceigrass baseline study. Fmal report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers,
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, and K.K. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on benthic marine flora of the
Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea
Grant Pubi. WSG-WO 77.1.
Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at
five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9267-275.
RESPONDENT. Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-225

-------
Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgac
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: cobble/gravel
TEMPERATURE: 8-28 C
SALINITY: 15-31 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS: in excess of 30 g dr i m.2, net primary productivity apx. 200 g C m-2 yr-i
SEASONALITY: spring-summer maiumum hiomass
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 rn2: 0.25 m2. quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productiviiy, light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data flies; Loius files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay: Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay: Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83.99-105.
Thom, R.M., R. Albright, C. Simenstad, J. Hampel, J. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984 Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage
Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. PubI. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-226

-------
Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD: N/A
OTHER.
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable
BIOMASS LEVELS: variable
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNiQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity, light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity: range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics ’ data files; “Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay: Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay: Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad Sciences
83:99 10S.
Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, C. Simenstad, J. Hampel, J. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage
Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. Publ. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-227

-------
Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: on or closely associated with eelgrass shoots
TEMPERATURE: 8-30 C
SAUNITY; 15-33 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-100% cover, production rates apx. 200-300 g c/sq. rn/yr
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-40 g dry wt/sq. m
SEASONALITY: year round; most abundant in May-September
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bouels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPUCATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor, Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Scahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliot Bay; Neah Bay
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
Thom, R.M., R. Albright, C. Simenstad, i. Hampel, J. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renion Sewage
Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head. PubI. FRI-U W-8417, Fish. Res. InsL., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-228

-------
Veneropsis japonica
GROUP: sedentary infauna
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand/gravel with abundant shell debris
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: produciton bed: range=50-1580 m-2; mean=738 m .2; SD 348; natural bed: range=30-900
m-2; mean = 198 m-2; SD = 167 m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS; production bed: range=0.9-21.6 kg m-2; mean= 11.7 kg m-2; DS=5.5 kg m-2; natural bed:
range=0.5-9.3 kg m-2; mean=3.0 kg m-2; SD=2.3
SEASONALITY: greatest abundance of 6 to 20 mm in summer/fall
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 or 0.10 m2 quadrat; samplint to 20 cm; sieved to 3-5 mm, sorted by species, counted, measured
(to nearest mm), and weighed (net weight, whole)
DESIGN: fixed sampled points within a 5 to 100 acres area with randomly selected stations in a 100 m2 area around
each point; sampled from -ito +2 (MLLW); 15-30 samples/sample period
REPLICATiON: usually none; sampling pepeated quarterly to annually; ocasional station with 3-5 replicates
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ‘Lotus’ spreadsheets
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: basic statistical summaries, length/weight curves fitted
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: length frequncies; length vs. weight and estimated age, total abundance (density); vs.
sample period and age (size) group
SOURCES
LOCATION: Little Skookurn Inlet, soth Puget Sound near Lynch Creek
REFERENCES:
BioAquatics 1988. Report to Little Skookum shellfish growers, September 1988.
RESPONDENT: Cheney; BioAquatica International
D .229

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Zostera japonica
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: fine sand-coarse sand
TEMPERATURE 7-28 C
SALINITY: 15-32 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 0-4000 shoots m-2; 0-250 g dry wt m-2; net productivity = 50 g C m-2 yr-I
BIOMASS LEVELS: 0-250 g dry wt m-2
SEASONALITY: spring & summer annual; some plants overwinter
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.1 m2 quadrat; standing stock: a) % cover; b) remove above ground parts, count shhots, dry, &
weigh; productivity: a) bimomass changes by repeated harvest; b) DO flux in light & dark chambers
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples stratified by elevation; productivity, calculate rates based on standing stock
estimates & incubations
REPLICATION: 3-5 replicates
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics by unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots & scatter plots by space & time
SOURCES
LOCATION: Grays Harbor; Neah Bay: Padilla Bay
REFERENCES:
Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thom, J.R. Cordell, KA. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah
Bay, Washington. Pages 504-514 in Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting on Research in Puget Sound.
Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate
seagrass system. Marine Biology.
Thorn, R.M. (in prep.) Plant standing stock and productivity on tidal flats and gravel in Padilla Bay, Washington: a
temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
D-230

-------
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-231

-------
Zostera japonica
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: soft sediments; mud &.sand
TEMPERATURE 6-25 C
SALINITY: 24-28ppt
FOOD:
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 2825-5125 shoots m•2
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: minimum winter, maximum summer
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: take 16 cm diameter apx. 30 cm into sediment; wash sediments from plants; count shoots/core;
seperate above ground from below ground biomass; remove epiphytes by hand; dry <90 C, weigh
DESIGN: 5 randomly selected m2 areas on 150 m long x 4 m wide transect within 1 tidal elevation
REPLICATION: 3 cores/m2 plot every 2 months
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ‘Lotus’, ‘Excel’, or ‘Cricket spreadsheets
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay intertidal sediments
REFERENCES:
Williams, S.L (unpubL)
RESPONDENT: Williams,; Friday Harbor Laboratories
D-232

-------
Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: coarse sand to mud
TEMPERATURE: 7-32 C
SALINITY: 15-35 ppt
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNI)ANCE LEVELS: up to 900 shoots ni-2, productivity = 200 - 400 g C/m2/yr
BIOMASS LEVELS: up to 300 g dry m-2
SEASONALITY: maximum biomass in summer; minimum in winter
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.1 m2 quadrat; standing stock: a) % cover; b) remove above ground parts, count shoots, dry, &
weigh; primary productivity: a) biomass changes by repeated harvest; b) DO flux in light & dark chambers
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples stratified by elevation; primary productivity: calculate rates based on
standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphic’ data files; “Lotus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. by unit area (usually m-2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: live plots & scatter plots by space & time
SOURCES
LOCATION: Neali Bay, Grays Harbor, Drayton Harbor, Padilla Bay, Skiff Pt., several beaches in central Pugel Sound,
Cherry Pt.
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery.
Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thorn, J.R. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah
Bay, Washington. FRI-UW-8811, Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate
seagrass system. Marine BIology.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Plant standing stock and productivity in tidal flats and gravel in Padilla Bay, Washington: a
temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment.
D-233

-------
Thom, R.M. 1978. The composition, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algea on the eastern shore of
central Puget Sound. with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington. 237 pp.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgras.s meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research
Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Intitute, University of Washington,
Seattle. FRI.UW-8808.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park ceigrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. and R.E. Albright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing
stock, irradiance and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound.
Thom, R.M., A.E. Copping, and R.G. Albright. 1988. Nearshore primary productivity in central Puget Sound: A case for
nutrient limitation in the nearchore systems of Puget Sound. Pages 378-391 in Proceedings of the First Annual
Meetin on Research in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, JR. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent
rnudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor.
Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, JR. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. 1988. Fisheries mitigation plan for expansion of moorage at
Blame Marina, Blame Washington. FRI-UW-8817, Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington,
Seattle.
Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and R.E. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine folora at
five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9:267-275.
Thom, R.M., K.K. Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensanz, and
D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habits, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point,
Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.
61 pp.
Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, C. Simen.stad, J. Hampel, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology.
Vol. IV, Sec. 5, in Q.J. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project:
Seahurst Baseline Study. PubI. FRI-UW-8413, FRI., Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. l 77 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-234

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Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: winter: 25 ppt; summer: 31.1
FOOD: sunlight, nutrients
OTHER: current less than 0.25 knots
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979; width: mean = 1.9-3.1 mm; length: mean = 91-269 mm; leaf area index:
mean = 12.7-78.6
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: maximum width spring-fall; maximum length spring-fall; maximum leaf area index spring-fall
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNiQUES: 0.25 in2 quadrats
DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal
REPLICATION: a> = 3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCi i file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe, printed tables
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA , profile analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots
SOURCES
LOCATION: intertidal at Youngs Beach at Butte Point (4740 N/122 36 W)
REFERENCES:
Backman, Thomas W.H. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L. ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD
Dissertation, University of Washington
RESPONDENT: Backman; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF)
D-235

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Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE sand
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: winter 25 ppt; summer. 31.1
FOOD: sunlight, nutrients
OTHER: current up to 1 knot; secchi 4-6 m
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979; width: mean=2.0-3.6 mm; length: mean= 157 .428 mm; leaf area index:
mean = 43-613
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: maximum width spring-fall; maximum length spring-fall; maximum leaf area index summer
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats
DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal
REPLICATION: a> =3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCii file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe; printed tables
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA, profile analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots
SOURCES
LOCATION: intertidal just north of Bangor on Hood Canal (4742 N/122 43 W)
REFERENCES:
Backman, Thomas W.H. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L. ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD
Dissertation, University of Washington.
RESPONDENT: Backman; US. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF)
D .236

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Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: winter: 25 ppt; summer: 31.1
FOOD: sunlight, nutrients
OTHER: current at least 1.0 knots
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979; width: mean =4.6-7.7 mm; length: mean =416-811 mm; leaf area index
mean = 11.0-83.9
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: maximum width summer-fall, maximum length summer-fall; maximum leaf area index summer-fall
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats
DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal
REPLICATION: n> =3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCii file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe, printed tables
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA, profile analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots
SOURCES
LOCATION: subtidal at Manchester (4734 N/122 32 W)
REFERENCES:
Backman, Thomas W.H. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L. ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD
Dissertation, University of Washington.
RESPONDENT: Backman; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF)
D-237

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Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: winter: 25 ppt; summer 31.1
FOOD: sunlight, nutrients
OTHER: current less than 0.25 knots
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979; width: mean =23-6.9 mm; length: mean= 138-444 mm; leaf area index:
mean = 5.8-36.1
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: maximum width spring-fall; maximum length spring-fall; maximum leaf area index spring-fall
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats
DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal
REPLICATION: n> =3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCii file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe; printed tables
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA profile analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronolo jcal line plots
SOURCES
LOCATION: subtidal at Young’s Beach at Butte Point (4740 N/122 36 W)
REFERENCES:
Backman, Thomas W.H. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L. ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington. PhD
Dissertation, University of Washington.
RESPONDENT: Backinan; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF)
D-238

-------
Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY: winter: 25 ppt; summer: 31.1
FOOD: sunlight, nutrients
OTI-IER: current up to 1 knot, secchi 4-t ’ m
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1977-1979, iidth mean = 4.0-8.4 mm; length: mean = 209-918 mm; leaf area index.
mean = 43-81.4
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: maximum width spring-fall, maximum length summer-fall, maximum leaf area index fall
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNiQUES: 0.25 m2 quadrats
DESIGN: common garden plots; random samples along depth gradient from intertidal to subtidal
REPLICATION: n> =3
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ASCii file on tape compatible with University of Washington Cyber mainframe; printed tables
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA, profile analysis
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: chronological line plots
SOURCES
LOCATION: subtidal just north of Bangor on Hood Canal (47 42 N/122 43 W)
REFERENCES:
Backman, Thomas WE. 1984. Phenotypic expressions of Zostera marina L ecotypes in Puget Sound, Washington PhD
Dissertation, University of Washington.
RESPONDENT: Backznan; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF)
D-239

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Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand and silty mixed
TEMPERATURE 6-12 C
SALINITY: 28-30 ppt
FOOD:
OThER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: reproductive periodicity shown to be related to factors associated with lattitude (esp. temperature)
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: collect 50 shoots haphazardly monthly for 4 yrs from 4 different locations in Puget Sound; analyze for
3 stages of sexual development: 1) visible flowers; 2) visible anthesis ; 3) visible fruits
DESIGN: in each case, the first date of these events was desired; recorded water temperature and salinity at time of
each plant collection; phenology evaluated
REPLICATION: n = 50 shoots/location
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: voucher specimens preserved; deposited at herbarium
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA for site differences; linear regressions for differences due to lattitude and ocean;
latter performed if ANOVA indicated significant site variation; three linear predictive models const.
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: Edmonds, Hood Canal, Alki Points, Bainbridge Island
REFERENCES:
Phillips, R.C., C. McMillan, and K.W. Bridges. 1983. Phenology of eelgrass, Zostera Marina L., along lattitudinal
gradients in North America. Aquatic Botany 15:145-156.
RESPONDENT: Phillips; Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences
D-240

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Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: soft sediments; mud & sand
TEMPERATURE: 6-25 C
SALINITY: 24-28 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: 1250-5063 shoots m-2
BIOMASS LEVELS: summer leaves (above ground) 46-175 g dry m-2, roots/rhizome 39-115 g dry m-2
SEASONALITY: minimum winter, maximum summer
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNiQUES: take 16 cm diameter apx. 30 cm into sediment; wash sediments from plants; count shoots/core;
seperate above ground from below ground biomass; remove epiphytes by hand; dry <90 C, weigh
DESIGN: 5 randomly selected m2 areas on 150 m long x 4 m wide transect within 1 tidal elevation
REPLICATION: 3 cores/m2 plot every 2 months
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: ‘Lotus’, ‘Excel’, or ‘Cricket’ spreadsheets
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: Padilla Bay intertidal sediments
REFERENCES:
Williams, Si. (unpubi.)
RESPONDENT: Williiims,; Friday Harbor Laboratories
D-241

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Zostera spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATIJRE
SALINITY:
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable
BIOMASS LEVELS: variable
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity; calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: Statgraphics data files; “Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 Biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal Refinery.
Simenstad, CA., R.M. Thom, J.R. Cordell, K.A. Kuzis, and D.K. Shreffler. 1988. Nearshore community studies of Neah
Bay, Washington. FRI-U W-8811, Fisheries Research Institue, University of Washington, Seattle.
Thom, R.M. (in prep.) Effects of depth and season on plant standing stock and primary production in a temperate
seagrass system. Marine Biology.
Thom, R.M. 1981. Primary productivity and carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of
Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
D-242

-------
Thom, R.M. 1983. Compostition, habitats, seasonal changes and productivity of the macro algea in Grays Harbor
estuary, Washington. Estuaries 7:51-60.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Benthic primary production in the eelgrass meadow at the Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research
Reserve. NOAA Tech. Rept. Series OCRM/MEMD. Fisheries Research Institute, Univiversity of Washington,
Seattle. FRI-UW-8808.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. and R.E. Aibright. (in prep.) Relationship between temporal variations in benthic vegetation standing
stock, irradiance, and water properties in the nearshore zone of central Puget Sound.
Thom, R.M., CA. Simenstad, JR. Cordell, and E.O. Salo. (in prep.) Fish and their prey in a marina and adjacent
mudflats and eelgrass meadow in a small estuarine harbor.
Thom, R.M., K.K Chew, D. Crisostomo, B. Dumbauld, A. Escofet, C. Falmagne, J. Hampel, C. Law, J. Orensanz, and
D. Waunmanndepinet. 1979. Habitats, abundance, and diversity of the intertidal benthic biota of Skiff Point,
Bainbridge Island, Washington. A report prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.
61 pp.
Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, and E.O. Salo. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology. Chap 4, pp. 87-139 in
QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Duwamish Head.
PubI. FRI-UW-8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-243

-------
Zostera spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SAUNffY:
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable
BIOMASS LEVELS: variable
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 in2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2 quadrats; 1) standing stock: a) % cover of each species; b) remove above
ground part, dry, and weigh. 2) primary productivity; light & dark bottle incubations with DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata; primary productivity: calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends on complexity, range 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: NStatgraphics data files; Locus” files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary statistics per unit area (usually m2)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial-temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay; Seahurst Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bay; Neah Bay; central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Armstrong, J.W., C.P. Staude, R.M. Thom, and K.K. Chew. 1976. Habitats and relative abundance of the intertidal
macrofauna on five Puget Sound beaches in the Seattle area. Syesis 9:277-290.
Shapiro and Associates, with Ardea Enterprises. 1988. Results of 1988 biological and chemical monitoring in the
southeast Georgia Strait for the Mobil Oil Ferndal refinery.
Thom, R.M. 1978. The compostion, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of
central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution. PhD dissertation, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington. 237 pp.
Thom, R.M. 1980. Seasonality of low intertidal benthic marine algal communities in ccntral Puget Sound, Washington.
U.SA. Botanica Marina 23:7-11.
D-244

-------
Thom, R.M. 1985. An oceanographic analysis of odorous beach conditions in Fauntleroy Cove, West Seattle. Submitted
to the City of Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M. 1988. Lincoln Park eelgrass baseline study. Final report, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers,
Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R.M., J.W. Armstrong. C.P. Staude, and K.K. Chew. 1977. Impact of sewage on bent hic marine flora of the
Seattle, Washington, area. pages 200-220 in The use, study, and management of Puget Sound. Washington Sea
Grant Publ. WSG-WO 77-1.
Thom, R.M., 3W. Armstrong, C.P. Staude, K.K. Chew, and RE. Norris. 1976. A survey of the attached marine flora at
five beaches in the Seattle, Washington, area. Syesis 9:267-275.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-245

-------
Zostera spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: mud-cobble
TEMPERATURE:
SALINITY:
FOOD: N/A
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS: variable
BIOMASS LEVELS: variable
SEASONALITY:
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: 0.06 m2; 0.10 m2; 0.25 m2; quadrats. 1) standing stock (a) % cover @ spp. (b) remove above ground
part, dry, & weigh. 2) primary productavity light & dark growth bottels w/ DO flux
DESIGN: standing stock: random samples within depth and/or habitat strata. primary productivity calculate rates
based on standing stock estimates and incubations
REPLICATION: depends upon complexity; range = 3-30 samples
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: “Statgraphics” data files; Lotus files
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: summary stats. per unit area (usually sq. m)
GRAPHS AND FIGURES: line plots of spatial & temporal variation
SOURCES
LOCATION: Drayton Harbor; Cherry Point; Padilla Bay, Seahursi Bight; Tramp Harbor; Lincoln Park; Skiff Point;
Grays Harbor; Elliott Bar, Neah Bay, and central Puget Sound beaches
REFERENCES:
Thom, R.M. 1984. Primary Production in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sciences
83:99-105.
Thom, R.M., R. Aibright, C. Simenstad, J. Hampel, J. Cordell, and K. Chew. 1984. Intertidal and shallow subtidal
benthic ecology. Vol. IV, Section 5, in QJ. Stober and K. Chew, Principal Investigators, Renton Sewage
Treatment Plant Project: Duwarnish Head. PubI. FRI-UW.8417, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Wash. 177 pp.
RESPONDENT: Thom; Fisheries Research Institute
D-246

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Zostera spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGY
SUBSTRATE: sand and silty mixed
TEMPERATURE: 6-12 C
SALINITY: 28-30 ppt
FOOD:
OTHER:
OCCURENCE
ABUNDANCE LEVELS:
BIOMASS LEVELS:
SEASONALITY: reproductive periodiciry shown to be related to factors associated with lattirude (esp. temperature)
SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
TECHNIQUES: collect 50 shoots haphazardly monthly for 4 yrs from 4 different locations in Puget Sound; analyze for
3 stages of sexual development: 1) visible flowers, 2) visible anthesis ; 3) visible fruits
DESIGN: in each case, the first date of these events was desired; recorded water temperature and salinity at time of
each plant collection; phenology evaluated
REPLICATION: n = 50 shoots/location
DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
DATA FORMAT: voucher specimens preserved; deposited at herbarium
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA for site differences; linear regressions for differences due to lattitude and ocean;
latter performed if ANOVA indicated significant site variation; three linear predictive models const.
GRAPHS AND FIGURES:
SOURCES
LOCATION: Edmonds, Hood Canal, Alki Points, Bainbridge Island
REFERENCES:
Phillips, R.C., C. McMillan, and K.W. Bridges. 1983. Phenology of eelgra.ss, Zostera Marina L., along lattitudinal
gradients in North America. Aquatic Botany 15:145-156.
RESPONDENT: Phillips; Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences
D-247

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SUPPLEMENT 5. ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTIONS
This appendix contains a description for each attribute utilized in the Protocol. These occur in
alphabetical order and thcludc (1) an illustration, usually indicating a diagnostic characteristic; (2) its
Attribute Group; (3) a general description, which indicates describes particularly distinguishing
characteristics and life histor a ’ pccts. (4) specific characteristics (e g., microhabitats) of the estuarine
habitat type in which it prcdomin ic. . .ind (5) references associated with these descriptions

-------
Abarenicola pacifica
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Lugworms; large sedentary polychacte worm (see pL 8, Kosloff 1983) which leaves a
characteristic casting on sediment surface (see fig. 328, ibid.); also see taxonomic reference for
distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Soft intertidal and subtidal sediments, e.g. muddy sand in higher, protected flats; live in j-
shaped burrows.
REFERENCE(S): See Hobson and Banse (1981) for identification; figure from Fauchald (1977).
E-2

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Acartia californiensis
GROUP: pelagic zooplankion
DESCRIPTION: Several species, including some undescribed occur in the northeastern Pacific; Sec
taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Coastal planktonic.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification; figure from Trinast (1976).
E-3

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Acartia clausi
GROUF pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Several species, including some undescribed occur in the northeastern Pacific; see
taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Coastal planktonic, prominent in embayments.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure.
E-4

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Aetidius spp.
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod.
HABITAT: Planktonic.
REFERENCE(S): Sec Gardner and Szabo (1982) for description and figure.
E-5

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Agrostis alba
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Bentgrass forms exiensive grassy meadows. It differs from Distichlis spicata in that
the leaves are not bilaterally placed. This species is usually less than 30 cm tall.
HABITAT: Common meadow forming plant in mesohaline marshes, under partly enclosed conditions
in sediments with high organic content.
REFERENCE(S): Description from WDNR (1989), figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973).
,sr •
4 .
E-6

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Alienacanthomysis macropsis
GROUP evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Mysid: see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Neritiq shallow water, may be epibenthic.
REFERENCE(S): See Kathmann C L al. (1986) for identification; figure from Smith (1977).
0.5
E-7

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Allosmerus elongatus
GROUP motile fish
DESCRIPTION: The whitebait smelt is known for its long pointed snout, large eye, having dorsal fin
placed well back on body, prominent canine tooth on vomer accompainied or not by one or two smaller
canine teeth, and one or no pyloric cacca.
HABITAT: Almost exclusivly marine.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973).
E-8

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Alnus rubra
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Under saturated soil conditions, red alder appears shrubby and stunted. Under drier
conditions, alder grows to 25 m tall and over 35 cm in diameter. The bark is normally smooth and dirty
gray in color, often appearing mottled with light patched. Leaves are 5 to 15 cm long and half as wide,
usually dark green, heavily veined, alternate, and distinctively toothed or notched. Separate male and
female catkins are produced in the spring prior to the appearance of the leaves. At first the catkins are
green. Male cackins arc cylindrical, about 5 mm in diameter and 2 to 5 cm long. Female catkins are
more ‘conelike’ and shorter, to 2.5 cm. Later in summer, these clustered cones turn brown and are an
obvious feature. Similar appearing species of alder occur in the Pacific Northwest; however, red alder is
the most common.
HABITAT: Red alder is a very common, deciduous tree throughout lower elevations of the Pacific
Northwest and occurs in both wetland and nonwetland situations. In wetlands, the species is typical of
river-bottomlands, especially those west of the Cascades. These areas normally flood for short periods
one or more times per year and the soils remain saturated or nearly co for much of the growing season.
In its stunted, ‘shrubby’ form, alder often dominates in the shrub swamps of Pacific Northwest flood
plains. Red alder is not considered to be tolerant of saline conditions,, but does occur in tidally-
influenced freshwater situations. It frequently is a component of the understory of spruce-dominated
swamps. Common understory plants in red alder swamps include lady fern, sedges., and skunk cabbage.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. 1984; figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
1978. See Hitchcock, vol. 2 for descriptions of other Alnus species.
S
E-9

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Ammodytes hexapterus
t
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Pacific sand lance, elongate and silvery with dark blue-green back; projecting lower
jaw long spineless dorsal fin; forked caudal (tail) fin.
HABITAT: Common schooling baitfish in surface waters or nearshore; often found buried in sand,
apparently as antipredator strategy very important as prey for larger fish, including salmon, diving
seabirds., and marine mammals; planktivore.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983)
E-1O

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Ampelisca agassizi
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Infaunal tube-dwelling gainmarid arnphipod.
HABITAT: Sand and mud bottoms.
REFERENCE(S): Sec Dickinson (1982) and Kozloff (1982).
A,:
‘S
/
‘S
E-11

-------
Ampelisca careyi
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Infaunal tube-dwelling gammarid amphipod.
HABITAT: Sand and mud bottoms.
REFERENCE(S): See Dickinson (1982) and Kozloff (1987).
r
-
E-12

-------
Ampithoe spp.
GROUP epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Ganunarid amphipods (Ampithoe and Perampithoc spp.) distinguished by the
presence of two hooked spines on the outer ramus of the third uropod.
HABITAT: Self-constructed tubes on coastal algae.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Conlan and Bousfield (1982).
E-13

-------
Anisogammarus pugettensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod notable for large tooth on second urosomal segment Note
Figure unavailable
HABITAT: Various substrates, but often associated with eelgrass, algae, and deposits of wood chips
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987).
E-14

-------
Anodonta spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Palaeoheterodont bivalve of family Unionidae.
HABITAT:
REFERENCE(S): No reference or figure available.
E-15

-------
Aoroides inermis
N
/ ;.. (/ .
— l .-.-’-
.4
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Tube-dwelling gammarid amphipod.
HABITAT: Sand bottoms in the low intertidal and subtidal.
REFERENCE(S): See Conlan and Bousfield (1982) and Kozloff (1987).
t-1b

-------
Apodichthys flavidus
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Penpoint gunnel; recognized by large, grooved (pen nib shaped) anal spine and
absence of pelvic fins.
HABITAT: Intertidal, shallow subtidal sand-gravel; commonly found associated with macroalgae such
as Ulva and often assuming corresponding color.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973).
E-17

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Araneae (unid.)
GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Spiders, see any common invertebrate zoology text or guide (e.g. Borror and White
1970) for identification.
HABITAT: Predators in a variety of terrestrial and a few aquatic habitats.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Meglitsch (1972).
/
E-18

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Archaeomysis grebnitzldi
GROUP evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Mysid: see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Epibenthic or burrowing on sand, gravel, mud bottoms.
REFERENCE(S): See Kathmann Ct al. (1986) for identification and Figure.
E-19

-------
9 I
1”
‘
‘ . l .
GROUP: epibcnthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod.
HABITAT: Low intertidal and subtidal on various substrata; occasionally pelagic.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987).
Atylus spp.
E-20

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Ayes (unid.)
GROUP: avifauna
DESCRIPTION: General birds; see specific taxa.
HABITAT: All estuarine wetland and associated habitats.
REFERENCE(S): Any general field key for identification; Yates (1988) describes and includes basic
natural history and ecology comments on most common taxa.
E-21

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Balanus crenatus
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Smooth, almost purely white barnacle; similar to B. glandula.
HABITAT: Subtidal and lower intertidal hard substrate.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Kozloff (1983).
E-22

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Balanus glandula
GROUP surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Acorn barnacle; interior base of shell with numerous centripetal ridges and interior
surface of scutum with a prominent adductor ridge.
HABITAT: Ubiquitous upper midlittoral of rocky and cobble beaches.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983); figure from Yates (1988).
E .23

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Balanus spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Barnacles: see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Intertidal to shallow subtidal on rocks.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Pilsbry (1916).
E-24

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Calidris alpina
GROUP avifauna
DESCRIPTION: Dunlin; sandpiper with longish dark bill with noticable broop at tip; thin white wing
stripe, white line above eye in winter.
HABITAT: Sand/mudflats and gravel beaches; feed along water’s edge.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Yates (1988).
E.25

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Callianassa californiensis (larvae)
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Ghost shrimp larvae; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing from other decapod
larval forms.
HABITAT: Larvae planktonic in nearshore waters; epibenthic just before settling.
REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1971) for identification; figure mOdified from McCrow (1975).
E-26

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CaHianassa californiensis
GROUP: active infauna
DESCRIPTION: Ghost shrimp, also includes C. gigas, a closely related spp.; the ghost shrimp is
distinguishable from the other Common mud shrimp, Upogebia, by its chelipeds, which are chelate and
extremely unequal in size.
HABITAT: Occupies complex, multi-opening burrows in intertidal sand or sandy mud.
REFERENCE(S): Sec Kosloff (1987) for identification and figure.
E-27

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Callianassidae (unid.)
GROUP: active infauna
DESCRIPTION: Juvenile mud/ghost shrimp.
HABITAT: Sand and mud; intertidal to shallow subtidal.
REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1982); figure from Yates (1988).
E-28

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Cancer magister
GROUP evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Dungeness crab; distingueshed from other Cancer spp. by dorsal surface and
arrangement of spines on carapace, see taxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Sand and eelgrass; intertidal (young-of-year juveniles) and shallow subtidal (larger
juveniles, adults).
REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1982) for identification and figure.
E-29

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Cancer productus
GROUP: evasive inacrocpifauna
DESCRIPTION: Red rock crab; distinguished by black tips of chelipeds and chelia with tubercles.
HABITAT: Rocky shores, under rocks, or partly buried under gravel or mud; low intertidal to subtidat.
REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1982) for identification and figure.
E-30

-------
Cancer spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Crabs; see Cancer niagister and C. productus for specific descriptions.
HABITAT: Various benthic habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987).
E-31

-------
Cancer spp. (larvae)
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Crab zocac are of distincive shape (see figure); megalopae resemble small adult
crabs in which the abdomen has not completely folded under. See taxonomic reference for
distinguishing among different species.
HABITAT: Planktonic; epibenthic megalopae shortly before settling.
REFERENCE(S): See Lougli (1975) for identification; figures from Poole (1966).
E-32

-------
Cancer spp. (megalops)
GROUP pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: First larval stage which is crab-like; precedes first juvenile instar.
HABITAT: Water column to epibenthic boundary layer; sometimes found benthically.
REFERENCE(S): Laugh (1975); figure from Poole (1966).
E-33

-------
Cancer spp. (zoea)
GROUP; pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIflION Crab larva with diagnostic rostral, dorsal and lateral spines.
HABITAT: Water column, often concentrated along tidal fronts.
REFERENCE(S): Lough (1975); figure from Poole (1966).
K
E-34

-------
Capitellidae (unid.)
GROUP sedentary infauna
prostomium
Capiteflidae:
Cap hello caphlala,
male, dorsal view
DESCRIPTION: Family of slender polychaete worms; distinguished by conidal prostomium and setae
consisting of capillary setae and hooded hooks; prominent capitellid in region is Notornastus fenuis.
HABITAT: Mudflats and emergent marshes.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1973); figure from Kozloff (1987).
E-35

-------
Caprella Iaeviuscula
GROUP: epibenthic plankiers
DESCRIPTION: Caprellid amphipod: see Laxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Intertidal to shallow subtidal; associated with macropyhtes and other structure.
REFERENCE(S): See Laubitz 1970 for identification and figure.
E.36

-------
Carex lyngbei
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIP’rIoN: Growing to 1 m in height, this species is very similar in appearance to Carex
obnupta. They both have flat, deep green leaves, 2 to 6 mm wide and to 3 dm long, with an obvious
channel running along the icats axis. In tidal situations, that portion of the plant above ground
disappears during winter. New growth from the root mass begins in February and floral spikes appear
in early spring. Each culm is triangular in cross section and bears three to seven pendulate floral spikes
1.5 to 5 cm long. The two species can be distinguished in the field by the spikes; on C. obnupta the
spikes are more erect and sessile due to absence of a peduncle.
HABITAT: These sedges are extremely common wetland plants the Pacific Northwest. C. lyngbyei is
most frequently associated with low and high brackish marshes in estuaries, although it has been
reported in bogs, the understory of swamps, and shallow, freshwater marshes in both tidal and nontidal
situations. While the distribution of the two species overlaps, C. obnupta is most common in shallow
coastal fresh marshes and coastal swamps. True hydrophytes, these species are almost never found in
nonwetland habitats, and then only under very unusual conditions.
REFERENCE(S); Identification from Weinman et al. 1984; figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
1978.
I
E-37

-------
Carex Iyngbei (seeds)
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: See Carex yngbei
HABITAT: Emergent marsh; seeds may be also be seen in neuston samples.
REFERENCE(S): See figure in Hitchcock. and Cronquist 1978.
E38

-------
Carex spp.
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Sedges; see Carex lyngbyei.
HABITAT: Both low and high brackish and coastal marshes, especially common as fringing marshes
in estuaries.
REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978, vol. 1 for description of Carex species.
E-39

-------
Chalidrae (unid.)
GROUP: avifauna
DESCRIPTION: Sandpipers; small shorebirds with slender, long bills; usually colored mottled grey.
HABITAT: Sand/mudflats and gravel beaches.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Yates (1988).
DUNLIN
L71n
Winte
E-40

-------
Chironomidae (unid.)
GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Midges; see taxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Midges are found in most wetland systems in a wide range of ecological conditions.
REFERENCE(S): See Mcrrit and Cummins (1984) for identification and figure.
•cvtum
.4
E-41

-------
Chironomidae, larvae/pupae
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Midges: see taxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Larvae occur and feed on a great variety of organic substrates; they are found in most
aquatic systems in a wide range of ecological conditions.
REFERENCE(S): See Merrit and Cummins (1984) for identification and figure.
E-42

-------
Citharichthys spp.
GROUP sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Sanddabs; small left-eyed flounder (eyes and color on left side); small left pectoral
fin; two common species, larger, mottled Pacific sanddab, C. sordidus, and small, spotted speckled
sanddab, C. stigmaeus.
HABITAT: Mostly found as juveniles on sandy bottoms; benthic feeder.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeycr et al. (1983).
E-43

-------
Clinocardium nutalli
x 0.4
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Heart cockle; pronounced radial ribs; see taxonomic reference for other
distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Intertidal, shallow subtidal on sand and in ecigrass.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974).
E-44

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Pacific herring; moderately small, spawning adults to 30-40 cm; compressed and
silvery with no spots or striations on sides.
HABITAT: Exceedingly important schooling baitfish, sought commercially as bait and for roe; spawns
in kelp and ceigrass beds in winter-spring; juveniles occupy shallow nursery habitats, especially
estuaries and bays, through fall.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer c i al. (1983).
E-45

-------
Clupea harengus pallasi (eggs)
GROUP: surface epilauna
DESCRIPTION Eggs of Pacific herring; small, 12-1.5 mm diameter, cream to white eggs which
adhere to substrate and each other; usually in clumps but, when sparse, arranged in rows on substrate.
HABITAT: Found on eelgrass, kelp, rockweed, and other macroalgae, and often debris, rocks, and
pilings, from intertidal to shallow (10 m) subtidal during February thru June.
REFERE1 CE(S): Desription from Hart (1973); Phillips (1984).
—.
-l.a.. ,,
E-46

-------
Corbicula manilensis
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Medium sized, surface-dwelling bivalve; Note: Figure not available.
HABITAT: Subsidiary channels and shallow subtidal habitats on brackish reaches of estuaries.
REFERENCE(S): See Keen and Coan (1974).
E-47

-------
Corophium salmonis
GROUP; cpibenthic plankiers
DESCRIPTION: Gaminarid amphipods; distinguishable by greatly enlarged second antennae and
somewhat dorsoventrally flattened body.
HABITAT: Tube-builders in intertidal to subtidal soft sediments; males and juveniles epibenthic.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification and figure.
E-48

-------
Corophium spinicorne
GROUP epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipods; distinguishable by greatly enlarged second antennac and
somewhat dorsoventrally flattened body; Note: Figure not available; see C. salnionis.
HABITAT: Tube builders in intertidal to subtidal soft sediments; males and juveniles epibenthic.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozioff (1987) for identification; figure from Rudy and Rudy (1983).
E-49

-------
Corophium spp.
GROUP: epibenihic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipods, distinguishable by greatly enlarged second antennae and
somewhat dorsoventrally flattened body.
HABITAT: Tube builders in intertidal to subtidal soft sediments; males and juveniles epibenthic.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification and figure.
Corophium salmonis, male
Corophium acherusicum,
female
E-50

-------
Corophium spp. (males)
GROUP: epibenthic planktcrs
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid ainphipods; distinguishable by greatly enlarged second antennae and
somewhat dorsoventrally flattened body.
HABITAT: Tube builders in intertidal to subtidal soft sediments; males and juveniles epibenthic.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozioff (1987) for identification; figure of
C. salmonis male is from Kozioff (1987)..
ESi

-------
Corycaeus anglicus
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Cyclopoid copepod which is distinguishable by large eye ‘lenses and bluish-green
color.
HABITAT: Plankionic.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure.
E-52

-------
Corycaeus spp.
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Cydopoid copepod; see C. angl:cu.s.
HABITAT: Planktonic marine.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for taxonomic differentiation.
E.53

-------
Cottidae (unid.)
GROUP: sessile fish
Anal spines absent; body
scaleless or only psrtly
DESCRIPTION: Sculpins; typically drab-colored; stout, almost round bodies; larger head with spines
and knobs; often scaleless or partially scaled.
HABITAT: Found in all habitats; usually demersal, and often limited in movement from home range
o tidepool; most feed on small benthic invertebrates.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Miller and Lea (1972).
E-54

-------
Cottus spp.
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Small scaieless sculpin with uppermost preopercular spine without barbs; two most
common species in estuarine habitats include prickly, C. asper, and coastrange, C. aleuticus.
HABITAT: Found in mainstream and tidal channels with sandy-gravel to mud substrates; found
commonly in emergent marshes; juveniles feed on planktonic invertebrates, adults on benthic
invertebrates.
REFERENCE(S): Figure of most common species, C. asper, from Eschmeyer et al. (1983).
E-55

-------
Crangon franciscorum
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Shrimp.
HABITAT: Euryhaline in sandy sediments.
REFERENCE(S): See Butler (1980), and Kozloff (1987).
E-56

-------
Crangon spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Sand shrimps, see C. franciscontm.
HABITAT: Sandy sediments, intertidal to subtidal.
REFERENCE(S): See Butler (1980) for identification and illustrations.
E-57

-------
Cryptomya californica
2
hor Jrophore
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Medium sized bivalve; equal valves, thin and smooth with few radial striae.
HABITAT: Sand/mudflats; siphons open into burrows of Callianassa californiensis.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Kozioff (1983); additional figure from Keen and Coan
(1974).
E-58

-------
Cumella vulgaris
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Cumacean; see taxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: C. vulgaris is one of the most common, abundant infaunal organisms of soft to sandy
scdiinents in embayments; males may occur in dense swarms in the water column or on the surface in
shallow water.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification, figure from Smith and Carlton (1975).
I , ’.
ant.rmo I
5A.
pIr.000d
4
PS?IO o 4
E-59

-------
Cymatogaster aggregata
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION; Shiner perch; small seaperch with elliptical body shape, horizontal rows of dark spots
on sides crossed by three yellow bars, and usually a black spot above the lip.
HABITAT: Extremely abundant surfpcrch, especially in ecigrass and gravel-cobble with macroalgae
habitats; viviparous, with young born in spring and summer; typically found in aggregations.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973).
I
E-60

-------
Daphnia spp.
GROUP pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Water fleas; most common of the freshwater cladocerans. See taxonomic references
for distinguishing characters.
HABITAT: Planktonic freshwater or brackish water near river mouths.
REFERENCE(S): See Pennak (1978) for identification and figure.
E-61

-------
Decapoda (larvae)
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Various forms; see references for taxonomy and illustrations of diverse forms.
HABITAT: Marine planktonic.
REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1971), and Smith (1977).
E-62

-------
Dend raster excentricus
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIFTION: Sand dollar; disk shaped echinoderm.
HABITAT: Intertidal, shallow subtidal (clean) sand.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Yates (1988).
E-63

-------
Deschampsia cespitosa
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Characteristically the tallest plant of the salt marsh, D. cacspitosa is a perennial, with
culms 2 to 12 din tall. The leaves are very narrow (1.5 to 4 mm) and often folded or rolled. The panicle
is 8 to 25 cm long and open rather than compressed. High salt marshes dominated by D. caespitosa are
green in summer, then take on a distinctive golden-brown hue during late summer through fall. The
above ground growth persists through much of the winter.
HABITAT: One of the most common components of Pacific Northwest salt marshes, D. cacspitosa
occurs in dense stands at or near mean higher high water. These stands become less dense at lower
elevations, gradually being replaced by other salt marsh species in the lower marsh. It is commonly
associated with Pacific silverweed in high salt marshes. D. caespitosa is widely distributed, but not
common, in shallow freshwater marshes at all elevations.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
is.
I ,
¶
\\
•1
:a3
,,/
E-64

-------
Diptera (larvae)
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Insect larvae; very diverse, such that only common distinguishing characteristic is
the absence of jointed legs on all thoracic segments. Larval head structures modified; body usually soft
and pliable and often covered with dense pubsecence or with scattered hairs; most common group in
estuarine wetlands are of the family Chironomidac.
HABITAT: Usually living on or in surface layer of sediments or attached to rocks and plants in
brackish marshes and mudflats.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Merritt and Cummins (1984); see reference for taxonomy,
illustrations and life history comments.
_L
E-65

-------
Diptera (unid.)
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Flies; see Chironomidac, Ephydridae, etc.
HABITAT: Common to all wetland habitats and typical of drift on surface of water column.
REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984).
E.66

-------
Distichlis spicata
GROUP: rooted scular plants
DESCRIPTION: This species, commonly called saltgrass, is usually less than 30 cm tall, and forms
mats on the soil surface. A distinctive feature is the bilateral placement of the leaves in a single plane.
The leaves are on the order of 5 cm long, and angle sharplyl from the stem. flower bearing panicles
are 3 to 8 cm in length, compressed, and are terminal on the cuims. Floral heads appear purplish.
HABITAT: Common in high and low salt marshes. It can tolerate extremely high salinities, and occurs
in salt pans. Frequently associated with Salicornia virginica.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Weinmann et al. (1986), see also Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973);
figure from Hotchkiss (1972).
E .67

-------
$
Eleocharis palustris
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: See Eleocharjs spp.
HABITAT: Brackish, wet meadows.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Wcinmann et a!. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquisi
(1978).
E68
3
I
JRI

-------
Eleocharis spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: The genus is easily identified by the terminal and solitary floral spikelets. Some
species are diminutive, such as E. parvula (1 to 10 cm), while others are large and robust, such as E
palustris (to 1 m). Sec E. palusins for figure.
HABITAT: Several species are represented in the Pacific Northwest; habitats range from brackish
marshes (E. parvula) to shallow freshwater marshes, wet meadows (E. palustris) ,and swamps. The
species is apparently limited to wetland situations. Spike rush is often found in standing water in
roadside ditches or the edges of ponds where it is frequently associated with duckweed, bullrushes and
other marsh plants. Spike rush is also common in the wetter portion of meadows dominated by soft
rush.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. 1984. See Hitchcock, vol. 1 for further
description of Eleocharis species.
E .69

-------
Embiotocidae (unid.)
Anal soft-rays more than
10; nt.YiII.ry f”jly
when mouth i closed ____

GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Seaperches; perchlike, compressed, elliptical to oblong-shaped fishes with Continuous
dorsal (top) fin; usually bright colored.
HABITAT: Almost exclusively in nearshore habitats; (e.g. surf zone, kelp and eelgrass beds); some
(e.g., shiner perch) school.
REFERENCE(S): See Eschmeyer et al (1983) for key to species.

-------
Engraulis mordax
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Northern anchovy; small, silvery compressed (herring-like); overhanging snout and
low jaw extending far posterior of eye.
HABITAT: Common, abundant baitfish in coastal estuaries; school in more saline surface waters; very
important as forage fish for larger fishes and diving scabirds; planktivorous on copepods, euphausiids,
and decapod larvae.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973).
I
E-71

-------
Enteromorpha spp.
GROUP benthic macroalgae
DESCRIPTION: See reference for descriptive key to species and figures
HABITAT: Mud- and sandflats and gravel-cobble beaches; particularly common around freshwater
drainage areas on beaches.
REFERENCE(S): Identification and figures from Smith (1969).
E-72

-------
Eogammarus confervicolus
GROUP epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod; see taxonomic references for identification.
HABITAT: Estuarine intertidal and subtidal; especially associated with sedges, eligrass, algae, and
wood chip deposits.
REFERENCE(S): See Bousfield (1979), and Kozloff (1987).
E-73

-------
Eogammarus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod; two species commonly occur; E. confervicolus and E. ocloiri
and are separable by subtle characters such as celsonic spination (see see E. confervicolus for figure).
HABITAT: Brackish to estuarine; associated with detritus and macroalgae on fine sand-silt sediments.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Bousfield (1979).
E-74

-------
Eohaustorius washingtonius
GROU epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod; see taxonomic reference for identifying characteristics.
HABITAT: Intertidal and shallow subtidal sand.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Smith and Carlton (1975).
E-75

-------
Ephydridae (unid.)
GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Shore flies: see taxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Littoral fringes of fresh and marine waters.
REFERENCE(S): See Merrit and Cummins (1984) for identification and figure.
p. i
ZuIdM,c.ii
4, C.,
E-’76

-------
Epilabidocera amphitrites
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Large calanoid copepod, distinguished by distinctive head shape, eye ‘Lenses ’, and
surface swarming behavior.
HABITAT: Marine planklonic, especially surface waters.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identilication and figure.
4”
E-77

-------
Epilabidocera spp.
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod, see references and figure for E. amp) utnies
HABITAT: Planktonic marine, especially surface waters.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982).
E-78

-------
epiphytic algae/animals
GROUP benthic microbiota
DESCRIFflON: microalgac, small macroalgac, and small animals attached to eelgrass, keips,
seaweeds, and other plants.
HABITAT: Macrophytes.
REFERENCE(S): See Phillips (1984), and Seliskar and Gallagher (1983).
E-79

-------
Eualus spp.
GROUP: evasive inacroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Hippolytid shrimp.
HABITAT: Low intertidal to subtidal on various substrates.
REFERENCE(S): See Butler (1980), and Kozloff (1987).
I ;
E-80

-------
Euphausia pacifica
GROUP pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Euphausiid; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Nektonic; strong vertical migrators.
REFERENCE(S): See Kathmann et al. (1986) for identification and figure.
/
E-81

-------
Eurytemora affinis
9.
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod; two species of Euiytemora arc common in the northeastern
Pacific coastal regions: E. affinis occurs in fresh to brackish water in rivers and their mouths; E.
anlencana is more common in marine conditions. See taxonomic reference for distinguishing
characteristics.
HABITAT: Freshwater to coastal marine planktonic; may be strongly epibenthic in behavior.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure.
E-82

-------
Eusiroides spp.
GROUP epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod, Note: figure not available.
HABITAT: Littoral, shallow subt idal?
REFERENCE(S): See Barnard (1969) for description of genus.
E-83

-------
filamentous algae
GROUP: benthic microbiota
DESCRIP1’ION: Algal growth where the cells comprising the body of the alga are arranged in a chain-
like manner; Note: Figure not available.
HABITAT: Benthic or free floating in aquatic habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Scagel (1972).
E-84

-------
Gadus macrocephalus
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Pacific cod; elongate codfish with prominent chin barbel and three dorsal fins, the
first of which is approximately even with leading edge of the anal fin.
HABITAT: Demersal, in higher salinity waters; seasonal movement from offshore into shallow and
estuarine waters in spring diet is composed of both benthic and nektonic organisms.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer (1983).
E-85

-------
Gasterosteus aculeatus
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Threespine stickleback; small compressed body; three isolated spines in front of
dorsal; keeled, slender caudal peduncle; often has bony plates on side.
HABITAT: Ubiquitous; euryhaline; spawns in vegetation in freshwater; feeds on zooplankton.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973).
E-86

-------
Gnorimosphaeroma oregonese
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Crustacean; dorsoventrally flattened. Sec taxonomic reference for identifying
chracterigics.
HABITAT: Intertidal under rocks or on floats, pilings, and around algae; a closely related species, G.
insulare, is common in brackish water.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987 )for identification; figure from Smith and Carlton (1975).
E-87

-------
Gonatidae (unid.)
GROUP: motile pelagic macroinvertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Pelagic squids; only common species in region is stubby squid, Gonatus fabricii, in
which arms and tentades are almost length of mantle and tail fins are broad.
HABITAT: Water column in deep mainstem channels and bays.
REFERENCE(S): Kozloff (1987) provides species list; figure from Yates (1988).
E-88

-------
Grapsidae (unid.)
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Shorecrabs; see Heniigraps:s spp.
HABITAT: Gravel-cobble and mudflat habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for taxonomy and illustrations of various species common to
region.
E-89

-------
Grindelia integrifolia
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: The entire plant, especially the flower head, is sticky to the touch, hence the common
name. Plants are up to 8 din tall and often much branched. Blooming in spring and early summer,
unopened flower buds are encased in scaly, gummy coverings. No other salt marsh plant has similar,
large (2(04 cm in diameter) yellow sunflower-like flowers.
HABITAT: Gumweecl is a common inhabitant of high salt marshes and occasionally occurs in adjacent
nonwetlands as well as wet meadows. At times it will be found on the waterward slope of primary sand
dunes, a nonwetiand situation. Common associates include sahgrass and tufted hairgrass.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weininan Ct a!. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
E-90

-------
Grindelia spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Gumweed species; see G. mzegrifol:a for characteristics and illustration.
HABITAT: High salt marshes and occasionally adjacent upland habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Weinmann (1984) and Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978).
E-91

-------
Harpacticus spinulosus
GROUP: epibenthic plankiers
DESCRIPTION: Harpacticoid copepod.
HABITAT: Sandy bottoms.
REFERENCE(S): See Lang (1968).
E-92

-------
Harpacticus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Harpacticoid copepods; see H. spinulosus and H. untrernis for identifying characters
and illustrations.
HABITAT: Epibenthic on various substrata.
REFERENCE(S): See Lang (1948), and Wells (1976).
E-93

-------
Harpacticus uniremis
GROUP: cpibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Large harpacticoid copepod; often olive-green to bluish in color, with brown stripes
or markings.
HABITAT: Intertidal to shallow subtidal, associated with macrophytes or detritus.
REFERENCE(S): See Wells (1976) for identification; figure from Ito (1976).
E-94

-------
Heleidae (unid.)
GROUP: neusconic and drift invertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Biting midge; family of Dipteran flies; see Ceratopogonidae.
HABITAT: In addition to neuston, often associated with detritus in depositional shorelines.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Merritt and Curnmins (1984).
E-95

-------
Hemigrapsus spp.
GROUP . evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Shorecrabs with smooth dorsal surface and three teeth on anterolateral margin of
carapace; two species prevalent in region: H. nudis, purple shorecrab has smooth legs and chelipeds
with purple spots; H. ore gon ensis, green shorecrab, has hairy legss.
HABITAT: Rocky and gravel-cobble shores in euhaline waters.
REFERENCE(S): Kozloff (1983, 1987); figures from Yates (1988).
E-96

-------
Hemiptera (unid.)
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: True bugs; mouthparts in form of segmented beak.
HABITAT: In addition to surface drift, many Hemitperans are truly aquatic, both epifauna and water
column surface.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Lchmkuhl (1979) and Merritt and Cummins (1984); figure from
Lchmkuhl (1979).
I
t
E97

-------
Heptacarpus spp.
GROUP: evasive inacroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Broken-back shrimp; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Variety of wetland habitats, predominantly in higher salinity regions of estuaries.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Butler (1980).
E-98

-------
Hippolytidae (unid.)
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Hippolytid shrimps; distinguished by rostrum and eyes uncovered by carapace;
common genera are Heptacarpus, Lebbeus, and Eualus.
HABITAT: Subtidal hard bottom to intertidal gravel cobble; often associated with seaweeds and keips.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983, 1987); figure from Yates (1988).
E-99

-------
Hobsonia florida
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Terebellid polychaete worm with setae of bundle anterior to gills long; Note figure
not available.
HABITAT: Sandflats.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1987).
E-100

-------
Hypomesus pretiosus
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRiPTION: Surfsmelt; silvery smelt with small mouth and upper jaw which terminates anterior of
middle of eye; blue-green on dorsal surface, and silvery-white stripe down side.
HABITAT: Common baitfish species; frequently captured in surf zone of sandy and gravel-cobble
beaches, especially during spawning season; diet composed principally of pelagic and epibenthic
zooplank ton.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983).
E-1O1

-------
Insecta (drift)
GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Insects, e g flies, bees, wasps, beetles, etc.; see specific taxa.
HABITAT: All estuarine wetlands and prominent component of neuston in water column habitat.
REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984) for taxonomic differentiation and illustrations.
E-102

-------
Insecta (larvae)
GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Larvae of insects; see Chironomidae, Diptera, etc. for specific taxa characteristics
and illustrations.
HABITAT: All estuarine wetlands and prominent component of neuston in water column habitat.
REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984) for taxonomic differentiation and illustrations
E-103

-------
Insecta (unid.)
GROUP: neustonic and drift invertebrates
DESCRIPTION: See Insects (drift) and specific taxa
HABITAT: All estuarine wetland habitats and prominent component of neuston in water column
habitat.
REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984) for taxonomic idiferentiation and illustrations
E-104

-------
Ischyrocerus spp.
GROUP epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod; see taxonoinic reference for identifying characteristics.
HABITAT: Intertidal to subtidal; Lube-dwelling on various substrata.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Gurjanova (1951).
E-105

-------
Juncus balticus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: This rush is tufted, with rounded stems 1-12 din tall. floral palicles are born laterally
on the stems.
HABITAT: The plant is commonly found in organically enriched soils in backshore mesohaline
marshes. Common associates include Poniennilapacifica and Deshanipsia caespitosa.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Weinmann ci at. (1986), figrure from Hotchkiss (1972).
E-106

-------
Juncus spp.
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Rushes; see I. baizicus.
HABITAT: Emergent marshes and wet meadows.
REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978) and Hotchkiss (1972) for differentiation of
species and illustrations.
E-107

-------
Lam maria spp.
Iridaea (R)’.
Diatoms I I
Jij(
Gigartina (R)
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
DESCRIPTION: Moderately large (considered a kelp) fleshy macroalgae with holdiast, stipc and
blades.
HABITAT: Low intertidal and shallow subtidal in gravel-cobble beach and shallower portions of
shallow subtidal hard substrate habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See identifying characters and illustrations in Smith (1969) and Waaland (1977);
figure from Waaland (1977).
Midlittoral Zone
Endocladia (R)
and 8amadesI
Hildenbrandia (R)c
Enteromorpha
Sargassum (B)
(B)
E-108

-------
Lampetra tridentatus
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Pacific lamprey-, distinguished by sucking disc with supraoral bar with three cusps,
infraoral bar with five cusps, and four pairs of lateral teeth.
HABITAT: Mainstem estuarine channels; typically demersal and often found attached to rocks along
bottom.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973); figures from Hart (1973) and Miller and Lea (1972).
I
E-109

-------
Lebbeus spp.
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Lebbeid shrimps; common Hippolytid shrimps with only one supraorbital spine and
and the third maxilliped. without an exopodite; only L. groenlandicus is common.
HABITAT: Subtidal channel bottoms with gravel and hard substrate.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Butler (1980).
E-110

-------
Lepidogobius lepidus
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Bay goby; recognized by pelvic fins joined to form a hollow cone free of body, wide
space between dorsal fins, fine scales, and black margin of first dorsal.
HABITAT: Intertidal mudflats.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973) and Miller and Lea (1972); Figure from Hart (1973).
I
E-111

-------
Leptocottus armatus
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Pacific staghorn sculpin; large sculpin without scales; upper preopercular spine long
and antlerlike; greenish-brown to tan on dorsal surface; cream to white ventrally.
HABITAT: Most common, ubiquitous e.stuarrnc sculpin; frequents all habitats but most prevalent on
sandy substrates; eaten by a variety of seabirds and marine mammals.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983).
E-112

-------
Littorina spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Periwinkles; see Laxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: High intertidal under rocks and in crevices or poois.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974).
E-113

-------
Loligo opalescens
GROUP: motile pelagic macroinvertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Opalescent squid; slender squid with large eyes and short arms and tentacles relative
to mantle.
HABITAT: Water column, schooling and often in surface (neritic) waters around pier and dock lights
at night.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983); figure from Kozloff (1987).
E-114

-------
Lumpenus sagitta
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRiPTION: Elongate with head equal to approximately 1/10 of total length; greenish-brown
streaks on side; barred caudal fin.
HABITAT: Common in bays, large channels, and shallows, especially in more saline reaches of
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer Ct al. (1983).
E-115

-------
Lycodopsis pacifica
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Blackbdlly eelpout; recognized by black peritoneum which shows through skin on
belly, no teeth on vomer and palatines and black spots on leading edge of dorsal.
HABITAT: Estuarine channels, usually soft-bottom to fine gravel.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1972).
E-116

-------
Macoma spp.
( z J
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Beatnose dams; one common species, M. nasuza, is distinguishable by a
characteristic right-hand bend in the posterior portion of the shell.
HABITAT: Mudflats to sand/cobble in embayments; able to live in anoxic sediments.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974).
E-117

-------
Macrocystis pyrifera
GROUP: benthic macroalgae
DESCRIPTION: Large gold-brown fleshy macroalgae (kelp) with extensive holdfast and frond
system which results in multidimensional stand throughout water column and on surface; blades rise off
series of small floats which are attached to stipe. M. iniegafolia (see Waaland 1977 for description) may
be confused with M. pyrifera in this region.
HABITAT: Forms extensive stands in shallow subtidal of gravel-cobble and shallow subtidal hard
substrate habitats in euhaline reaches of estuaries.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Smith (1969).
E-118

-------
Mallotus villosus
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Capelin; smelt with rectangular adipose fin with very long base; olive green dorsal
surface; adults have hairy band along side.
HABITAT: Prominent schooling baitfish nearshore, especially April-October when spawning occurs on
fine gravel-sand beaches; important forage fish; confined to higher salinity waters.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer Ct al. (1983).
E-119

-------
Manayunkia aestuarina
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Sabellid polychaete worm characterized by anterior end with four radioles
(featherlike structures), each with two pinnules.
HABITAT: Intertidal estuarine beaches.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1987); figure from Fauchald and Jumars (1979).
E-120

-------
Merluccius productus
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Pacific halce; elongate cod without chin barbel; second dorsal and anal fish deeply
notched without forming separate fins.
HABITAT: Ranges throughout water column in euhaline waters; important prey for marine mammals;
feeds on nckton.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973)).
E-121

-------
Metacaprella kennerlyl
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Caprdllid arnphipod; see taxanomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Epiphytic on ceigrass and macroalgac.
REFERENCE(S): See Laubitz (1970), and Kozioff (1987).
E-122

-------
Microgadus proximus
GROUP motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Pacific tomcod; small cod with a short chin barbel; insertion of anal fin slightly ahead
of second dorsal.
HABITAT: Adults demersal, juveniles throughout water column, in higher salinity waters.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983).
E•123

-------
Microtus spp.
GROUP: herbivorous mammals
DESCRIPTION: Voles; small mouse-like mammals; see Ill. townsendi: for distinguishing
characteristics and illustration
HABITAT: Vegetated marshes and upland habitats adjacent to water.
REFERENCE(S): See Ingles (1965) for description of M,crotus species.
E. .124

-------
Microtus townsendii
GROUP: herbivorous mammals
brow,,
DESCRIPTION: Townsends vole; length 170-225 mm; tail slightly bicolored, 48-70 mm, about 40 to 50
percent of head and body length; hind foot 20-26 mm; ear 15-17 mm; upper parts dark brownish; under
parts dark grayish; skull 30-31 mm; molars without roots; incisive forainen constricted (usually), about
5 mm long.
HABITAT: open grasslands in low country west of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington
and in northwestern California.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Ingles (1965).
slightly bicolo,,
aboet 1/2 total length
E-125

-------
Mya arenaria
(I
‘\J chondrophor
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Eastern soft-shell clam; characterized by large spoon-shaped projection
(chondrophore) on the left valve at the hinge, and by the light, brittle shell.
HABITAT: Mud/sand flats, especially with nearby freshwater outfall.
REFERENCE(S): Sec Kozioff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974).
E-126

-------
Mytilus edulis
GROIJP surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Bay or blue mussel; common in embayments; has smooth shell.
HABITAT: Intertidal on rock or cobbles; also occurs on docks or pilings.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974).
E-127

-------
Neanthes limnicola
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Large nereid polychaete worms with conical paragnaths, Note: figure not availablc
HABITAT: Common in mussel and barnacle mats and among seaweeds.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Smith et al. (1967).
E-128

-------
Nematoda (unid.)
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Elongate worms with unsegrnented cuticle; Note: figure not available.
HABITAT: Free-living in almost all estuarine habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for further references to nematodes of the region.
E-129

-------
Neomysis mercedis
GROUP evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Mysid; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Neritic; euryhaline, including marine, rivers, and a few lakes.
REFERENCE(S): See Kathmann et al. (1986) for identification and figure.
E-130

-------
Nereidae (unid.)
GROUP’ evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Large predacious polychacte worms with powerful jaws and eversible pharynx; often
iridescent greenish color.
HABITAT: Variety of habitats.
REFERENCE(S): Sec Banse and Hobson (1974) for identification and figure.
E-131

-------
Nucella spp.
with spiral
iculpnare
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Whelks; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Intertidal to shallow subtidal on rocky substrata.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974).
E-132

-------
Octopus spp.
GROUP: motile pelagic macroinvertebrates
DESCRIFflON: Octopii; eight armed cephalopod; body ovoid and without fins and an internal shell.
HABITAT: Subtidal to low intertidal rocky habitats, particularly boulder-cobble.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983, 1987); figure form Yates (1988).
E-133

-------
Oikopleura spp.
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Larvacean; see taxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Marine planktonic; builds large mucous ‘house’ from which it feeds on captured particles,
only in euhaline region of estuaries.
REFERENCE(S): See Newell and Newell (1973) for identification and figure.
E-134

-------
Oithona similis
GROUP pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Cydopoid copepod; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Marine planktonic.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure.
Ro7 N
E-135

-------
Oligochaeta (unid)
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Class of polychacte worms which have no parapodia and few setac.
HABITAT:
REFERENCE(S): Description from Smith et al. (1967) and Kozloff (1987); figure from Smith et al.
(1967).
E-136

-------
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (fry)
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Pink salmon; typically smallest salmon fry caught in estuaries; no parr marks; small
scales; small eye diameter, fork of tail transparent.
HABITAT: Juveniles migrate through estuaries during winter- spring of (predominantly) even years;
usually restricted to shallow water (1.2 m) habitats along migration corridor.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973).
E -137

-------
Oncorhynchus keta (fry)
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Chum salmon; similar or slightly larger than pink fry parr marks mostly above
lateral line; comparatively larger eye diameter than pink; fork of tail black.
HABITAT: One of the most esluarine-dependent juvenile salmon; found in all shallow water habitats
but feeds most extensively in ceigrass and marsh habitats.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973).
___ 1 -
E-138

-------
Oncorhynchus spp.
GROUP: motile flsb
DESCRIPTION Juvenile salmon, distinguished from the other salmonids by 13-19 rays in anal fin (vs
8-12 for trouts, etc) See 0 gorbuscha and 0 keta for identifying characters and illustrations
HABITAT Surface waters, both intertidal and neritic depending in general on size
REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973).
E-139

-------
Oncorhynchus spp. (fry)
GROUP motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Salmon; silvery, robust fry with cycloid scales and adipose fin; see Hart (1973) and
Phillips (1977) for differentiating characters.
HABITAT: Anadromous; juvenile migrate from freshwater spawning grounds in early spring through
fall, depending upon both species and stock characteristics; utilization of shallow water habitats is size
dependent.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Phillips. (1977).
E-140

-------
Ondatra zibethicus
(
GROUP: herbivorous mammals
DESCRIPTION: Muskrat; length 435-620 mm, about 20 inches; tail scaly, sides flattened, 170-294 mm;
hind foot 62-88 mm, webbed; ear, crown, 13-20 mm; skull 46-54 mm, basilar length; dull rusty brown to
dark brown all over, except that feet are darker and mouth region is lighter.
HABITAT: Native along the Colorado River and along streams and lakes of eastern California;
throughout most of the low country in Oregon and Washington, introduced widely in many other
places, especially the San Joaquin Valley, California. Generally found in cattail marshes or in thc banks
of slow-moving streams.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Inglcs (1965).
Il ,ttc , ,cd fru..i
-uk to u*lr
1.
uus.rc thnuu
59 unni.. wclk’d
E-141

-------
Orchestia traskiana
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Beach flea; see taxonomjc reference for identification.
HABITAT: Drift debris of rocky and stony beaches., but also on sand and in estuaries and salt marshes;
occurs on both exposed and protected shores.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Boustield (1982).
Ji ii
JI
E-142

-------
Orchestoidea pugettensis
GROUP epibenthic planktcrs
DESCRIPTION: Sand hopper, see taxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Coarse to fine sand beaches of both surf-exposed and protected shores, including estuaries.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification figure from Bousfield (1979).
E-143

-------
Orchomene minuta
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Lysianassid amphipod; Note: figure not available.
HABITAT: Intertidal and subtidal soft sediment?
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for description of related species.
E-144

-------
Ostrea lurida
GROUP surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Olympia or native oyster; distinguished from Japanese oyster by lack of discoloration
of adductor muscle scar.
HABITAT: Attached to rocks, especially those around mudflats.
REFERENCE(S): Description by Kozioff (1983); figure from Yates (1988).
E-145

-------
Pacificastacus leniusculus
DESCRIPTION: Crayfish.
HABITAT: Channels and shallow subtidal portions of emergent marshes, mudflats and gravcl•cobhlc
habitats in oligohaline reaches of estuaries.
REFERENCE(S): See general freshwater biology text; figure of generic crayfish from Pennaic
(1953)..
II
II
II
I I
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
E146

-------
Pancolus californiensis
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Tanaid distinguished by three free pleonites on pleon; Note: figure not available.
HABITAT: Intertidal mud- and sandflats and shallow subtidal soft sediment habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for description.
E-147

-------
Pandalus danae
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Coonstripe shrimp; pandalid shrimp distinguished by six pairs o small lateral spines
on telson.
HABITAT: Gravel or sand channel bottoms in 22-64 m depths.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1987) and Butler (1987); figure from Yates (1988).
E-148

-------
Paracalarnis spp.
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Small calanoid copepods., probably some undescribed species; see taxonomic
reference for distinguishing characteristics.
HABITAT: Marine planktonic, especially surface waters.
REFERENCE(S): Sec Gardner and Szabo (1982) for identification and figure.
E.149

-------
Paramoera columbiana
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod.
HABITAT: Low intertidal in areas of decreased salinity; in gravel and other sediments.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987).
E-150

-------
Paraphoxus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod.
HABITAT: Intertidal to subtidal in fine sediments.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987).
I ’
E.151

-------
Parathemisto pacifica
GROUP pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: The most common hyperild amphipod in Puget Sound; distinguished by dilated
carpus of pereiopods three and four.
HABITAT: Marine planktonic and nektonic.
REFERENCE(S): See Bowman (1960) for identification; figure from Bowman and Gruner (1973).
p
E•152

-------
Parophyrs vetulus
GROUP sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Archaeic name for English sole; see Pleumnecies vetulus.
HABITAT:
REFERENCE(S):
E-153

-------
Peromyscus maniculatus
less tM n PO head
and body kngth
GROUP herbivorous mammals
liçbt.edsed.
mm.
light sput
- -I
DESCRIPTION: Deer mouse; length 148-200 mm, about seven inches; tail 60-90 mm; hind foot 18-22
mm; ear 14.20 mm; skull 24-26.5 mm; yellowish brown to grayish above, pure white below feet white;
tail usually less than 90 percent of head and body, bicolored (may be as long or longer than the head
and body in the subspecies P. nz. auslerus and P. m. rubidus along the coast), with the width of the
dorsal stripe about half the circumference of the tail, frequently a lighter spot in front of the ear and a
delicate lighter edge around the ear; accessory cusps (anterostyles) on the M 1 ; premaxilary bones not
extending posterior to the ends of the nasals..
HABITAT: Nearly all communities and life zones.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Ingles (1965).
‘- •‘ .iI
18-21
E-154

-------
Phalaris arundinacea
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Reed canarygrass is a tall, perennial grass, normally exceeding 1 m, and under ideal
conditions, exceeding 2 m in height. The sturdy, often hollow, stems can be 1 cm in diameter and have
a reddish tinge at the top during the growing season. Individual leaves measure up to 2 cm wide and 3
dm long, Flowers and seeds are borne on cuims which stand high above the leaves. The panicles
measure to 2 dm in length.
HABITAT: Reed canarygrass is one of the most broadly ranging and, therefore, commonly
encountered freshwater wetland plants. The species typically occurs where soils remain saturated or
nearly saturated during most of the growing season, but where standing water does not persist for
extended times. Once established, the species can tolerate extended inundation. Reed canarygrass can
dominate where irregular or fluctuating water regimes inhibit the success of other wetland species (e.g.
cauails). It commonly grows in roadside ditches, rights-of-way, and on river dikes and levees where the
soils would appear to be well-drained and only rarely saturated, as well in shallow marshes and
meadows. Under the dryer conditions, the plant is shorter, has smaller flowering spikes and flowers
earlier in the season.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. 1984; figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
1978.
E.155

-------
Phanerodon furcatus
GROUP motile fish
DESCRIPTiON: White surfperch; distinguished by frenurn attaching the lower lip to the lower jaw,
its deeply forked tail and the rather low dorsal fin having spinous section deeper and running into the
soft-rayed part almost in a smooth curve.
HABITAT: Common in sheltered bays, typically in ecigrass and gravel-cobble beach habitats.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973).
E-156

-------
Pholis laeta
GROUP seuile fish
DESCRWIION: Crescent gunnels; distinguised by series of crescent shaped markings along base of
dorsal fin.
HABITAT: Generally in gravel-cobble intertidal habitats.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973).
E-157

-------
Photis lacia
GROUP: cpibcnthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod.
HABITAT: Subtidal; soft sediments.
REFERENCE(S): See Conlan (1983), and Kozioff (1987).
E.158

-------
Phragmites spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIFflON: Reedgrasses; stems from usually higher than a man to three times as high. In the
common species in this region, P. conununis, the leaves are grayish-green, close to each other and
usually sticking out from stems at a big angle, to 0.6 m long and 1 cm wide; flower clusters almost 1 m
long, often purple when young, usually whitish and fluffy when old; each spikelet with 3 to 7 flowers,
and with many long hairs on the axis between flowers
HABITAT: Brackish marshes,
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hotchkiss (1972).
E-159

-------
Picea sitchensis
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Sitka spruce dominates our spruce swamps. It is the only spruce, in fact, the only
needled tree commonly found in Pacific Northwest wetlands. Cones and needles are distinctive. Fcmalc
cones have cornflake.lilce scales; male cones appear to be extensions of upper branches giving the
impression the branch tips are dying. Needles are stiff and uncomfortably sharp.
HABITAT: In non-wetlands, Sitka spruce is a very large tree, especially on the Olympic Peninsula
where it grows to 70 in in height with a diameter to 5 m at the base. Under very wet conditions, the
trees do not achieve this great stature but arc short and often scrubby in appearance with gangly Lower
branches and a broad based trunk. Sitka spruce can tolerate standing water throughout much of the
year. Common understorv plants are red alder, sedges, and skunk cabbage. The higher and dryer
hummocks at the base of the tree often are populated by normally nonwetland species such as sword
fern, lily-of-the valley and salal. It is a useful and valuable lumber tree.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
E-160

-------
Platichthys stellatus
GROUP sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Starry flounder; one of the largest flatfish found in estuaries; can be either right- or
left-eyed; oblique dark bars on caudal and anal fins; rough, tubercular scales.
HABITAT: Euryhaline; found in most wetland habitats, especially mudflat and tidal channels in
emergent marshes; commonly migrates onto sand and mudflats to feed on benthic invertebrates during
flood tides.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Han (1973).
I
E•161

-------
Pleuronectjdae (unid,)
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Righceye flounders; eyes and color on right-hand side and symmetrically placed
pelvic fins.
HABITAT: Variety of soft bottom to gravel, subidal and intertidal habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1973) for key to species of region.
E-162

-------
Pleuronectes vetulus
GROUP sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: English sole; right-eyed flounder with pointed snout; eyed side with smooth scales;
upper eye visible from blind side.
HABITAT: Most abundant flatfish in sand- and mudflat habitats; feeds on benthic invertebrates.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Hart (1973).
E-163

-------
Polygonum spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Most knotweeds are characterized by swollen nodes where the leaf joins the stem.
There is also a distinctive sheath which surrounds the node and leaf junction and may extend up the
stem as much as 1 cm. The stems are generally round, smooth, shiny, and often reddish. Water smart
weeds have long (5 to 15 cm), narrow Leaves with very distinctive veins. The pink or pink and white
flowers form dense elongated clusters at the tip of the stem as well as from the leaf axils. In deep fresh
marshes, these clusters stand erect above the water surface, while most of the leaves remain
submerged.
HABITAT: Over 30 species of smartweed occur in the Pacific Northwest. Most of those west of the
Cascades are found in moist to wet freshwater areas. Two species of water smartweed (P. persicaria
and P. punczatum), are most common along lakeshores and in shallow and deep fresh marshes.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et at. (1984); figure of?. aniphibiun: from Hotchkiss
(1977).
E-164

-------
Polygonum hydropiperoides
GROUP: rooted vascular plants var. hydropip,roid,s
DESCRIPTION: Herbaceous perennial, nearly glabrous to strongly pubescent, the stem up to 1 m
long, usually somewhat decumbent and tending to root freely; leaves numerous, only slightly reduced
upward, short-petiolate or the upper ones subsessile, the blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate or
ob!ong-lancco!tae, 512 (14) cm long, acute to acuminate, the base acute, glabrous to strongly strigose;
stipules 1-2 cm long, strigosc and bristly-ciliate; inflorescence of 2-sever*I slender, often interrupted,
spike-like racemes (panicles); perianth greenish to white or pinkish, 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous externally
on the exposed area, 5-lobed slightly more than half the length, the 5 segments oblong, subequal, the
inner ones sometimes slightly glandular, stamens 8, included; styles 3, connate about half their length,
about 0.5 mm long.
HABITAT: In moist to swampy areas, usually growing in mud, from the lowland into the lower
mountain valleys.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978.
(1
v ar. $staceury
E-165

-------
Pontogeneia rostrata
GROUP: epibenchic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Gammarid amphipod, Note: figure not available
HABITAT: Low intertidal and subtidal on algae, eelgrass, and various sediments
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987).
E . .166

-------
Populus trichocarpa
DESCRIPTION: Populus trichocarpa is the western vicariad of the more eastern and northern P.
bals.amifcra L, which differs in its narrower, glabrous, 2-carpellate ovaries and fruits and fewer
(commonly about 20) stamens. There is evidently some hybridization and introgression between them
where their ranges overlap, and they might with some justification be treated as geographical races of a
single species, the differences between them are on the same order of magnitude as those between
other generally recognized species of Populus, however, and they are here retained as distinct. The
precise geographic boundary between the two is somewhat obscure, especially inasmuch as many
herbarium specimens are sterile.
HABITAT: Mostly along streams and around lakeshorca, but in moister regions sometimes in better.
drained soil away from water.
REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978.
GROUP rooted vascular plants
E-167

-------
Porichthys notatus
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Plainfin midshipman; Identified by rows of luminous organs and ciii, protrusible eyes
and two large canine teeth on vomer.
HABITAT: Adults in soft-bottom subtidal except when spawning, which occurs under rocks in
intertidal gravel-cobble habitats.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973).
I
E-168

-------
Potomogeton spp.
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Pondweeds; diverse genera distinguished by threadlike to ribbonlike leaves, some
oblong to oval, scattered singly on flexible underwater stems, but often paired to bunched toward thc
stem tips.
HABITAT: Brackish marshes.
REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978) and Hotchkiss (1972) for descriptions of
Polonsogeton species; figure of P. flhinzomzis from Hotchkiss (1972).
E-169

-------
Protomedeia penates
GROITh sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Ganimarid aniphipod.
HABITAT: On mud or sand of protected and semiprotected coasts; low intertidal to 400 m.
REFERENCE(S): Description available in Kozloff (1987); figure from Conlan (1983).
E-170

-------
Psettichthys melanostictus
GROUP: sessile fish
DESCRIPTION: Sand sole; right-eyed flounder; fin rays long and free of membrane at anterior edge
of dorsal fin; large mouth; uniform grey or brown in color.
HABITAT: Common, predominantly on sandflats; feeds specifically on benthic crustaceans.
REFERENCE(S): Figure from Eschmeyer (1983).
E•171

-------
Pseujdocalanus minutus
GROUP pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod.
HABITAT: Planktonjc marine.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982).
d
E .172

-------
Pseudocalanus spp.
GROUP pelagic zoop)ankton
DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod; see taxonomic reference for distinguishing characteristics; figure
is of?. ‘ninwus.
HABITAT: Marine planktonic
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982) and Frost (1989) for identification; figure from Frost
(1989).
E-173

-------
Pseudotsuga menziesii
GROUP’ rooted vascular plains
DESCRIPTION: Douglas fir’: Giant forest trees up to 70(90) m tall, ultimately with very thick, rough,
dark brown bark, the branches spreading to drooping, the crown of young trees pyramidal and with a
stiffly erect leader, older trees with a flattenedcrown; branching rather irregular, the branchiets not
always opposite, mostly pubescent for several years; buds non-resinous, sharp-pointed, usually
cinnamon-red to -brownish; needles retained 7 .10 years, (1.5) 2-3 (3.5) cm long, obtuse to acute,
yellow-green to dark green or bluish-green, mostly uniformly spreading or turned upward, rarely
spreading in one plane, slightly grooved and without whitish stomata on the upper surface, the lower
surface with two longitudinal bands of white stomata separated by a prominent midvein; seeds 5-6 mm
long, the broad wind up to twice as long.
HABITAT: Moist to very dry areas from sea level to midmontane. A shade intolerant species, which
does not reproduce well in in deeply shaded forests, but ultimately usually establishing itself abundantly
in burned or logged areas. Not only is this the most important forest tree in N. Am., it is one of the
largest. There is considerable variation in the species and aside from a few horticultural forms that are
known, there are two well defined geographic races.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978.
)
E-174

-------
Pugettia gracilis
GROUP evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Spider crab; see taxonomic reference for identification.
HABITAT: Ecigrass, kelp, and encrusting algae; intertidal and subtidal.
REFERENCE(S): Sec Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Hart (1982).
E-175

-------
Rumex spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: In the Pacific Northwest, curly dock (R. crispus) will be the species most frequently
encounteyc J in wetlands, although other dock species do occur. Curly dock is distinguished by its
overall deep reddish-brown coloration throughout most of the year, appearing dried out or dead. The
species grows erect from 3 to 8 din in height and stands above most plants in fresh meadows where it
one of the most distinctive species. Prior to and during flowering, the plant is yellowish green, often
with a reddish tinge. flowers are greenish..white and individually inconspicuous though forming dense,
branched spikes. The minute seeds are sharply three-angled and sometimes appear to be winged.
Leaves, stems, and flower turn reddish-brown soon after initial flowering. The leaves are lto3 dm in
length and wrinkled along the edges.
HABITAT: Dock is an adaptable plant found in wet meadows, shallow fresh marshes, and in
nonwetland habitats throughout low elevations. It is occasionally found in high salt or brackish
marshes. Associated species are numerous and diverse, including reed canarygrass, various grasses, and
sedges.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Wcinmann ci al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
E .176

-------
Ruppia maritima
I
DESCRIPTION: Stems up to 8 dm long , leaves semi-capillary, scarcely 0.5 mm. broad, up to 12 cm
long, bordered at base by adnate, more or less sheathing stipules mostly 5-15 mm long, the stipule tips
sometimes free for 1-2 mm; flowering spikes axillary to and sheathed by the uppermost leaves of the
stem, the pedunde elongating as the fruits mature and ultimately 3-30 cm long and straight to strongly
coiled; fruits ovoid or more of less pyriform, symmetrical to strongly asymmetrical, 1.5-3 mm long.
HABITAT: Along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, inland in ditches, ponds, and lakes,
throughout Canada and the U.S., to the Atlantic coast; South America and the Old World.
REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1978.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
E-177

-------
Salicornia spp.
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPfloN: PlantsPjckl ‘eds, which have cylindrical, fleshy stems but no true leaves; S. i’irginica
(illustrated) is prevalent species in this region.
HABITAT: Both low and high salt marshes, especially on sandy substrates.
REFERENCE(S): See Weininann ci al. (1984) for photograph; identifying characteristics and figure
from Hotchkjss (1972).
E-178

-------
Salix spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Willow- more than 30 species with a variety of characteristics are recognized in the
Pacific Northwest. Leaves are generally elongated, but vary from extremely narrow to almost round;
most have a pointed tip. Length varies from 2 to 10 cm. For some species, the furry catkias which
emerge in late winter to spring, often before the leaves, are a distinctive feature. Willows are generally
tall shrubs or short trees (4 to 8 m) but can reach 20 m in height. In swamp situations, willows may be
mistaken for red alder, but can be distinguished by their smaller leaves with smooth edges and
indistinct veins.
HABITAT: Willows are common in swamps and along streams and river banks, but may also be found
in moist upland settings. They tolerate temporary inundation, but not prolonged flooding during the
growing season. Along rivers, they often grow on sand and gravel bars which are inundated during high
water. In this setting they trap sediments, ultimately raising the bars elevation sufficiently to allow
cotton woods and other less water-tolerant species to establish. In this way the willow often establishes
new riparian communities. In more bog like situations they are often associated with Douglas spiraea.
Cattails, Pacific nintbark, and red osicr dogwood are common associates in swamps.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
E-179

-------
Sarsia spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Hydroids; distinguished by polyps releasing medusac with exumbrdllar nematocysts
and/or hydranths with tentacles arranged in two whorls, tentacles in both whorls capitace, and polyp
releasing medusae with four simple tentacles; illustration of S. exisnia.
HABITAT: On lower intertidal and shallow subtidal hard substrates and on eelgrass blades.
REFERENCE(S): Diagnostics and figure from Korioff (1987).
E-180

-------
Saunderia spp.
GROUP: surface epifauna
DESCRIPTION: Beach flies; prominent chironomid; Note: figure not available.
HABITAT: Gravel cobble beaches larvae are tube builders nestling in algae and detritus.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Merritt and Cummins (1984).
E.181

-------
Scirpus acutus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
—4
DESCRIPTION: One of the tallest herbaceous marsh plants in the Pacific Northwest, hardstem
bulrush typically stands at least 2 m high and may grow to 2.5 m. The grey-green, round stems can be
as much as 3 cm in diameter at the base. A spike bearing about 10 spikelets on short peduncles at the
top of the main stem is a distinctive feature. A narrow bract, 3 to 4 cm in length, extends beyond the
spikes appearing to be an extension of the stem. The plant has short linear leaves concentrated near the
base. Soft-stem bulrush is not readily distinguishable from hardstem bulrush in the field, but is
generally less common in this region.
HABITAT: This species grows primarily in freshwater marshes, but occasionally occurs in high
brackish marshes as well. It is associated most often with cattail in shallow marshes and with waterlilies
in deep marshes, though it often forms visually dominant monotypic stands. The species is restricted to
wetland habitats and can grow where the water reaches a meter in depth.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann ci al. (1984); figure from Hotchkiss (1972).
E-182

-------
Scirpus americanus
Q
GR0UP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: American threesquare forms stands of scattered cuims from 0.3 to urn in height.
Each culm is triangular in cross section, with flat sides. The severai flat, elongated leaves (2 to 4 mm in
width and 0.2 to 1.0 m long) are borne near the base. A compact cluster composed of one to eight
yellowish-brown to reddish.purple spikelets protrudes at the base of a prominent, sharply tipped green
bract, 2 to 15 cm in length, which appears as a continuation of the culm. American threesquare is a
perenniaJ and fruits from June through September.The plant grows from dark brown rhizomes as does
a similar species, Olney’s threesquare; the latter appears slightly stouter, and its cuim appears three.
winged in cross section.
HABITAT: American threesquare is typical of low salt and brackish marshes occurring at or near
mean high water, but extends into high marshes such as the fringing salt marshes of Grays Harbor,
Willapa Bay and Padilla Bay. The species does not appear to tolerate high salinity compared to Olneys
threesquare. Associated species include smooth cordgrass, seaside arrowgrass, and Lyngby’s sedge.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmane et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
/
E.183

-------
Scirpus maritimus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: A sharply triangular stem, 5 to 10 mm in diameter and 0.5 to 1.5 m in height, typifies
this bulrush. The leaves (to 0.5 in long) are evenly distributed along the stem. Spikelet.s are reddish-
brown, large (1 to 3 cm long), and numerous. Most are attached closely to the stem, though there are
normally two or three short (to 5 cm) stalks emanating from the basal cluster with to 10 spikelets at
their ends. Several bracts up to 10 cm long) extend from the base of the spikelet.
HABITAT: This large bulrush commonly occurs in high brackish or salt marshes that are inundated
about once a day. It may also occur infrequently in low salt marshes. It often forms a minor component
of high marsh communities containing Pacific silverweed, sedges, or other species. In the Skagit River
delta, however, it is one of three bulrushes, (with hardstem bulrush and American threesquare), which
dominate most tidal marsh communities. There it is recognized as a major food source for migrating
and wintering waterfowl, especially snow geese.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
Q
I
‘S
E.184

-------
Scirpus spp.
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIpfloN: R hes/bulr h • see S. acuins, S. amencanus, S. mantsnius, and S. validus for
specific diagnostic characteristics and illustrations.
HABITAT: Brackish marshes.
REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronqui.st (1978) for descriptions of Scirpus spp.
E.185

-------
Scirpus validus
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Similar to S. acutus, but averaging smaller and more slender, the stems soft, easily
crushed between the fingers; inflorescence tending to be looser and more open, with longer, laxer,
sometimes drooping rays, some of the spikelets often borne singly instead of all in sessile clusters;
spikelets averaging smaller, seldom over 1 cm long, more shining and reddish-brown; scales mostly (2)
23-3 (3.5) mm long, with a brown of tawny ground-color, so that the fine, red-brown striolac arc not
usually prominent at lOX; margins of the scales entire to somewhat lacerate or shortly fringcd-ciliolaie,
but less conspicuously so than in S. aciaus; achenes not wholly concealed by the scales at maturity,
mostly 2 .O-2.3-mm long. Common name nile, softstem bulrush.
HABITAT: Marshes and muddy shores of lakes and streams at lower elevations, colonial but seldom
forming large exclusive colonies in the fashion of S. acutus; tolerant of alkali; widespread in temperate
North America, and south into tropical America, and found in appropriate habitats throughout our
range, somewhat less commonly than S. acutus.
REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hotchkiss (1972).
E .186

-------
Scirpus validus (seeds)
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: See Scirpus validus
HABITAT:
REFERENCE(S):
E.187

-------
Scolioidea (unid.)
GROUP: neuslonic and drift invertebrates
DESCRIPTION: Parasidic wasps, Note: figure not available.
HABITAT: Neuston in all but subtidal habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Merritt and Cummins (1984).
E.188

-------
Scorpaenidae (unid.)
Preopercle with s spines; ( shi,,
- Scorpioo h
4-LI anal soft-rays
thOrnyhs e 4 )
GROUP motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Rockfishes; gill opening extends at least as far as base of lowest pectoral fin ray
opening behind gill arch is much reduces or absent; and two opercular spines and five preopecular
spines.
HABITAT: Larvae and small juveniles in water column; most adults demersal around subtidal hard
substrate.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973); figure from Miller and Lea (1971).
E-189

-------
Scutelljdjum arthuri
GROUP: epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Dark blue-black harpacticoid copepod.
HABITAT: Almost exclusively found attached to celgrass and macroalgae.
REFERENCE(S): See Wells (1976); figure from Its.
E-190

-------
Sebastes caurinus
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Copper rockfish; dark fins, deep cuadal peduncle and latter 2/3 of lateral line area is
clear of coloration.
HABITAT: Larvae and small juveniles in water column; adults demersal in subtidal hard substrate
habitats.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Hart (1973) and Miller and Lea (1972); figure from Hart (1973).
I
E-191

-------
Sebastes spp.
—DORsAj PIN
I .
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIprION: Rockfishes; distinguished from other genera by dorsal spine/ray counts of 11 to
14/11 to 18 and no continous sharp redge along side of head.
HABITAT: Larvae and small juveniles in water column; adults demersal in subtidal and hard substrate
habitats.
REFEREN (S): See Hart (1973) for description and figures of most species found in this regio;
figure from Miller and Lea (1971) and Garrison and Miller (1982).
Vi rt I $ud. , Abdoi . lefly.
E-192

-------
Sium suave
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Perennial from a very short erect crown, the fibrous roots sometimes originating at
one or two lower nodes of the stem as well as from the crown; ste in solitary, stout, ribbed-striate,
mostly 5-12 din tall, generally branched above; leaves basal and cauline or all cauline, the lower long.
petiolate, the upper with progressively shorter, winged petioles, all pinnately once compound with 7-13
sessile, merely serrulate to deeply pinnatisect and again cleft leaflets, these 2-9 cm long, 1.5-10(20) mm.
wide, typically lance-linear; primarily lateral veins of the leaflets mostly branched and inconspicuous,
not bearing any obvious relation to the marginal teeth or sinuses; involucre of 6-10 lanceolate or linear
bracts 3-IS mm long entire or incised, unequal, reflexed, involucel of 4-8 inconspicuous narrow
bractlets 1-3 mm long, rays of the umbels in
HABITAT: Swampy places and in shallow water, in the valleys and foothills; s. British Columbia to
central Calififornia.
REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978).
E .193

-------
Sorex bendirii
uniculor hl.ick
/
GROUP: herbivorous mammals
DESCRIPTION: Pacific water shrew or marsh shrew-, length 145-74 mm; tail unicolored, 61-80 mm;
hind foot 18-22 mm; condylobasal length 20.8-23.8 mm; hind feet with a weak fringe of inconspicuous
hairs about half as long as the claws; black or sooty brown dorsally, frequently frcsted with silver.
tipped hairs; underparts very little lighter than upper parts..
HABITAT: Swamps, marshes, damp ravines, and under logs in damp woods in the Transition and
Canadian life zones of northwestern California and the western third of Oregon and Washington.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Ingles (1965).
black a iil, ..ih ,t
stif hairs half claw kn tj ,
E-194

-------
Spartina spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Cordgrasscs; two species, S. ultenujiora and S. patens occur in this region. Thc
former, saltmarsh cordgrass, has stems from ankle-high where the ground is barely flooded by high
tides to higher than a man along marsh creeks; leaves to 0.6 m long and 2 wide, long tapering; flowers
with long, upright branches. The latter species, saitmeadow cordgrass, has ankle-high to waist-high
stems and leaves to 0.5 m long and 03 cm wide and long tapering; flower clusters to 18 cm long, usually
with three to six branches.
HABITAT: Brackish marshes; S. altenziflora is an exotic which has invaded coastal estuaries and
Puget Sound, and is expanding dramatically in unvegetated mudflat habitats.
REFERENCE(S): See Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973) for distinguishing characteristics; figures from
Hotchkiss (1972)..
lifesias
1/4
E-195

-------
Spergularia marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: This sprawling annual plant feels fleshy to the touch. The drab white to pale pink
flowers are about 1 cm in diameter. The sepals are longer than the petals, partially obscuring them.
Opposite, narrow linear leaves are 2 to 4 cm long.
HABITAT: This plant is most typical of low salt and brackish marshes where it is sometimes a pioneer
species; it may also range into the high salt marsh. Capable of withstanding regular tidal inundation, it
is also particularly adapted to high salinities. As the common name implies, it generally grows on sandy
substrate. The plant is often inconspicuous among its dominant associates, which include pickleweed
and fleshy jaumea.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinman et al. 1984; figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
1978.
N.
E-196

-------
Spirinchus thaleichthys
GROUP motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Longfin smelt; distinguished from other smelts by canine teeth on tongue; very large
pectoral fins, and upper jaw extending to rear of eye.
HABITAT: Not extremely well known; most common along bottom of main.stem channels of estuaries.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Hart (1973).
E .197

-------
Spirontocaris spp.
p
I -)
GROUP: evasive macroepifauna
DESCRIPTION: Hippolytid shrimp.
HABITAT: Subtidal on various substrata.
REFERENCE(S): See Butler (1980), and Kozloff (1987).
-7 .
. .
E-198

-------
Tanais spp.
GROUP sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Tanaid; distinguished from others in the region by four free pleonites (others have
three or five).
HABITAT: Tube building in soft sediments; intertidal to subudal.
REFERENCE(S): See Holdich and Jones (1983) for identilication and figure.
E-199

-------
Tapes (Ruditapes) philipinarum
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Manila orjapanese littleneck clam; originally called T. japonico and Ven ropiis
japonica. Oblong with widely spaced radial ridges; no teeth on inside of valves near ventral margins;
valve interior yellowish with purple stain.
HABITAT: Gravel-cobble beaches in euhalinc waters.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983, 1987); figure from Yates (1988).
E -200

-------
Teleostei (larvae)
GROUP: pelagic zooplankcon
DESCRIPTION: Diverse bony fishes; usually short, compressed body with thin dermal scales and a
symmetrical tail; often possessing air bladder.
HABITAT: Water column; often concentrated along tidal fronts.
R.EFERENCE(S) See Garrison and Miller (1982) for further description and figures.
E.201

-------
Tellina spp.
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Clam; see taxonomic references for distinguishing characters.
HABITAT: Silt or sand from intertidal to 440 meters.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification and figure; additional figure from Keen and
Coan (1974).
ft
E.202

-------
Thaleichthys pacificus
GROUP motile fLsh
DESCRIPTION: Eulachon; silvery smelt with marked striations on gill cover, upper jaw extending to
rear of eye; fine black specking on back.
HABITAT: Anadromous; migrates directly through estuarine surface waters to spawn in winter-spring;
larvae and postlarvac drift rapidly through, and don’t appear to rear in, estuaries; feeds on zooplankton.
REFERENCE(s) See Hart (1972) for identification and figure.
E-203

-------
Theragra chalcogramma
GROUP: motile fish
DESCRIPTION: Walleye pollock; distinguished from other Gadid fishes by location of anal vent
below space between first and second dorsal fins.
HABITAT: In estuaries, in water column or demersoal in Inainstem channels.
REFERENCE(S): Description and figure from Eschmeyer et al. (1983).
E-204

-------
I
Tisbe spp.
GROUP epibenthic plankters
DESCRIPTION: Large harpacticoid copepods which are somewhat dorsoventrally flattened; adulLs
have distinctive red stripes on the body.
HABITAT: Epibenthic; associated with detritus or macrophytes.
REFERENCE(S): See Wells (1976) for identification; figure from Volkmann and Rocco (1972).
E . .205

-------
Tortanus discandatus
GROUP: pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Calanoid copepod; see taxonomic reference for description.
HABITAT: Marine planktonic.
REFERENCE(S): See Gardner and Szabo (1982).
E206

-------
Transennella tantilla
GROUP sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Very small clam; recognized by siphons fused for half their length; tentacles on
siphons long and flexible; posterior end of shell usually brown or purplish.
HABITAT: Buried partially in clean sand, especially around eclgrass roots and rhizomes, in protected
embaynients and beaches.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Kozloff (1983); figure from Keen and Coan (1974).

-------
Triglochin maritimum
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: The fleshy, succulent leaves are I to 8 din in length and tufted from the root mat or
from short rhizomes. Each leaf has a sheath which encircles the inner, older, and usually shorter
Leaves. This sheath may extend as much as one-third of the leaf length. The sheath distinguishes
seaside arrow grass from seaside plantain, which appears similar when not in flower. A Long flower
stalk extends from the center of the plant above the Leaves. The tiny, green or purplish flowers are
numerous, individually stalked,and densely dustered along the upper one-third of the stalk. The plant is
nonpersistent in winter, the above-ground portion being removed by winter tides.
HABITAT: Arrowgrass is common in low salt or brackish marshes where it is usually inundated twice
a day. Occasionally arrowgrass may be found in high marshes where inundation occurs once daily,
however, only rarely is it a dominant feature in these communities. In salt marshes, it may be
associated with pickleweed, fleshy jaumea, and salt grass. In brackish marshes, common associates are
sedges, Pacific silverweed, and American threesquare. Although not common, seaside arrowgrass has
also been noted in alkaline seeps cast of the Cascades.
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann cc at. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
2 ’ .
E-208

-------
Triglochin palustris
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Plants 1.5.6 dm tall, with short, ascending rhizomes; leaves 1/2.3/4 as long as the
plant, the blades only 1.2 mm broad, sharp-pointed, the ligules 0.5-li mm long, parted to the base,
racemes about half the length of the plant; pendicles slender, erect in fruit and then mostly 4-6 mm
long; perianth segments about 1.5 (2) mm long, slightly exceeding the stamens; fruit linear-clavate,
mostly 6-7 mm long, the 3 carpels separating upward and remaining suspended from the tip, acicular at
the base.
HABITAT: Coastal bogs to inland meadows, mudflats, and gravelly stream margins, often where
brackish or alkaline
REFERENCE(S): Identification and figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978).
E-209

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Typha latifolia
V/il
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Broadleaf cattail. Most common cattail in this region. Plant has separate female
and male flowers. The female flowers are borne on the familiar large, brown cylinder atop each stem.
The male flowers are borne above the female flowers, becoming a withered.spike shortly after
flowering. There is no separation between the male and female flowers in common cattail (T. latifolia).
Leaves are strap-like, sheathing and nearly as tall as the flower stems. Cattails stand between 1 and 2 m
in height.
HABITAT: Restricted to shallow marshes, usually growing in standing water. It often forms vast
monotypic stands, but scattered individuals commonly grow in roadside ditches and wet disturbed
areas. Generally a lowland species, it occurs up to about 1,000 m elevation. Numerous shallow marsh
species are associated with this plant; it is also a common codominant with Douglas spirea in shrub-
swamps
REFERENCE(S): Identification from Weinmann et al. (1984); figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
E-210

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1 ypha spp.
1’
I
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: Cattails; see T. latifolia, most common species in estuarine wetland in region, for
description and figure. Narrow leaf cattail, 1. angustifolia, is also present and is distinguished by leaves
usually shorter than a man and no wider than a pencil. Mature dark-brown female spikes arc not as
thick as green piece of stem separating male and female spikes; above the ground, the stem is gray and
slightly rough.
HABITAT: Brackish marshes.
REFERENCE(S): See Hotchkiss (1972) and Weinmann et a!. (1984) for diagnostic characteristics for
species of region; figure from Hotchkiss (1972).
E-211

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Ulva spp.
GROUP: benthic Inacroalgac
DESCRIPTION: This taxon represents a group of species that are basically flat, thin green blades
attached with or without a short stipitate region to rocky substrata. The blades can be variously divided
or perforated. Blades up to 2 m in diameter can be found in quiet waters.
HABITAT: Intertidal mixed coarse sediments can contain extensive amounts of green Ulva, especially
in summer. This taxon, in combination with other taxa of the genera Monostroma and Enteromorpha,
are grouped under the common term ‘ulvoids’ for simplicity.
REFERENCE(S): Description from WDNR (1989), and Scagel (1972), figure from Smith (1969).
E-212

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Upogebia pugettensis (larvae)
GROUP’ pelagic zooplankton
DESCRIPTION: Shrimp-like crustacean larvae.
HABITAT: Water column, often aggregated along tidal fronts.
REFERENCE(S): See Hart (1937) for taxonomic characteristics and figures.
E-213

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Veneropsis japonica
GROUP: sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Manila or Japanese littleneck clams; nomenclature replaced by Tapes philzp:nan nz.
HABITAT: Mid-intertidal sand/gravel/cobble
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974).
E-214

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Yoldia spp.
GROUP sedentary infauna
DESCRIPTION: Clam; see taxonomic references for distinguishing characters.
HABITAT: Intertidal to 2,000 meters.
REFERENCE(S): See Kozloff (1987) for identification; figure from Keen and Coan (1974).
E-215

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Zaus spp.
GROUP: epibenthic planktcrs
DESCRIPTION. Medium-sized harpacticoid which is very dorsoventrally flattened; often bluish-green
in color.
HABITAT: Associated with marine macrophytes.
REFERENCE(S): See Wells (1976) for identification; figure tom Ito (1974).
E-216

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Zostera japonica
GROUP rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: In Z. jopon:ca, the flat, grass-like leaves are up to 2 mm wide and do not exceed 15
cm in length. The upright stems originate from an underground rhizome. The seeds are enclosed in
elongated membranous, translucent packets; Note: figure not available.
HABITAT: Z japonsca occurs high on the intertidal between 1.0 m and 2.4 m above MLLW This
species grows well in sandy or muddy substrate and may be found along both low and moderate energy
shorelines throughout Puget Sound.
REFERENCE(s) Description from Weinmann et al. (1984).
E-217

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Zostera marina
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: In Z. manna, the flat, grass-like leaves are up to 1.4 cm wide and can be over 3 m in
length. The upright stems originate from an underground rhizome. The seeds are enclosed in elongated
membranous., translucent packets. -
HABITAT: Z marina occurs up to about 1.8 m above MLLW and as deep as 6.6 m below MLLW.
This species grows well in sandy or muddy substrate and may be found along both low and moderate
energy shorelines throughout Puget Sound.
REFERENCE(S): Description from Weinman et al. (1984), figure from Hitchcock and Cronquist
(1978).
I
E-218

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Zostera spp.
GROUP: rooted vascular plants
DESCRIPTION: See Z. marina and Z. japonica.
HABITAT: Eelgrass.
REFERENCE(S): See Phillips (1984).
E-219

-------
SUPPLEMENT 6. ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION BIBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography contains references used in preparing the attribute descriptions and figures in the
preceeding appendix (E).

-------
Banse, K. and K.D. Hobson. 1974. Benthic errantiate polychaetes of British Columbia and Washington.
Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 185: 111 pp.
Barnard, .1. L. 1969. The families and genera of marine gammaridean amphipoda. U.S. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Bull. 271, Smithson. Inst. Press, Washington, D.C. 535 pp.Borror, DJ. and R.E. White. 1970.
A field guide to the insects of America north of Mexico. Peterson Field Guide Series,
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 404 pp.
Bousfield, El. 1979. The amphipod superfamily Gammaroidea in the northeastern Pacific region:
systematics and distributional ecology. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash. 3: 297-357.
Bousfield, E.L. 1982. The amphipod superfamily Talitroidea in the northeastern Pacific region. I.
family Talitridae: syscematics and distributional ecology. Nat. Mus. Canada, Pubi. Biol.
Oceanogr. 4. 73 pp.
Bowman, T.E. 1960. The pelagic amphipod genus Parathemisto (Hyperiidea Hyperiidae) in the north
Pacific and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 112: 343-392.
Bowman, T.E. and H.E. Gruner. 1973. The families and genera of Hyperiidea (Crustacea:
Amphipoda). Smith. Contr. Zool. 146: 1-64.
Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 202. 280 pp.
Conlan, K.E. and EL. Bousfield 1982. Studies on amphipod crustaceans of the northeastern Pacific
region. 2. Family Ampithoidae. Nat. Mus. Canada, PubI. Biol. Oceanogr. 10: 41-75
Dethier, M.N. In press. A marine and estuarine classification system for Washington State. Wash.
Dept. Nat. Res., Olympia, WA.
Dickinson, JJ. 1982. The systematics and distributional ecology of the family Ampeliscidae
(Amphipoda: Gammaridea) in the Northeastern Pacific refion. I. The genus Ampelisca. in
Nat. Mus. Can. Pubi. Biol. Ocean., No. 10.
Eschmeyer, W. N., E. S. Herald, and H. Hammann. 1983. A field quide to Pacific Coast Fishes of
North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 366 pp.
Fauchald, K. 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families, and genera.
Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles County, Sci. Ser. 28. 190 pp.
Frost, B. W. 1989. A taxonomy of the marine calanoid copepod genus Pseudocalanus. Can. i. Zool.
67:525-551.
Gardner, GA. and I. Szabo. 1982. British Columbia pelagic marine Copepoda: an identification
manual and annotated bibliography. Can. Spec. PubI. Fish. Aquat. Sd. 62. 536 pp.
Garrison, KL. 1980. Identification guide to larval fishes and fish eggs likely to occur in Grays Harbor,
Washington. unpubi. manuscript, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Wash., Seattle. 35 pp.
Garrison, K.J. and B.S. Miller. 1982. Review of the early life history of Puget sound fishes. FRI-UW-
8216, Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. Washington, Seattle WA. 729 pp.
Gurjanova, E. 1951. Bokoplavy morej SSSR, sopredel nykh vod (Amphipoda-Gammaridea) Opred p0
Faune SSSR, Akad. Nauk SSSR. 41. 1029 pp.
F-2

-------
Hart, J.F.L. 1971. Key to planktonic larvae of families of decapod Crustacea of British Columbia.
Syesis 4: 227-234.
Hart, J. L. 1973. Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull 180, Fish. Res. Board Can., Ottawa. 740 pp
Hart, J.F.L. 1982. Crabs and their relatives of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Mus
Handbook No. 40. 267 pp.
Hitchcock, C.L., and A. Cronquist. 1978. Flora of the Pacific Northwest: An illustrated manual Vol. 1-
6. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
Hobson, K.D. and K. Barise. 1981. Sendentariate and archianellid polychaetes of British Columbia and
Washington. Can. Bull. Fish Aquat. Sd. 209. 144 pp.
Holdich, D.M. and JA. Jones. 1983. A synopsis of the tanaids. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. 98
PP.
Hotchkiss, N 1972 Common marsh plants of the United States and Canada. Dover Publ, New York,
NY 9 9pp
Ingles, L.G. 1965 Mammals of the Pacific staces California, Oregon, and Washington Stanford Unix
Press, Stanford, CA. 506 pp
Ito, T. 1974 Descriptions and records of marine harpacticoid copepods from Hokkaido, V 3. Fac Sci
Hokkaido Univ. Ser VI, Zool. 19: 546-640.
Ito, T. 1976. Descriptio and records of marine harpacticoid copepods from Hokkaido, VI. J. Fac Sci
Hoklcaido Univ, Ser. VI, Zool. 20. S6 7 pp.
Ito. T. 1976. Descriptions and records of marine harpacticoid copepods from Hokkaido, VI. J.Fac Sci
Hokkaido Univ. Set VI, Zool. 20 448-567.
Kathmann, R.D., W.C. Austin, i.C. Saltman, and J.D. Fulion. 1986. Identification manual to the
Mysidacea and Euphausiacea of the northeast Pacific. Can Spec. Pubi. Fish. Aquat Sci. 93
411 pp.
Keen, A.M. and E. Coan. 1974. Marine molluscan genera of western North America. An illustrated
key. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford CA. 208 p.
Kozloff, E.N. 1973. Seashore life of Puget Sound, the Strait of Georgia, and the San Juan archipelago
Univ. Wash. Press, Seattle, WA. 282 pp. + plates.
Kozioff, E.N. 1983. Seashore life of the northern Pacific coast. Univ. Wash. Press, Seattle, WA 370 pp
Kozloff, E.N. 1987. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle
WA. 511 pp.
Lang, K. 1948. Monographie der Harpacticiden. Hakan Ohisson, Lund, Sweden.
Lang, K. 1965. Copepoda Harpacticoida form the Californian pacific coast. K. svenska Vetensk -Akad
Hand]., 10:1-560.
Laubitz, D.R. 1970. Studies on the Caprellidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the American North Pacific
Nat. Mus. Can Publ. Biol. Oceanogr. 1. 89 pp.
F-3

-------
Lehmkuhl, D.M. 1979. How to know the aquatic insects. W.C. Brown Co. Publ., DuBuque, IA. 168 pp.
Lough, R. 1975. Dynamics of crab larvae (Anomura, Brachyura) off the Central Oregon Coast, 1969-
1971. PhD thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR.
Mccrow, L.T. 1972. The ghost shrimp, Callianassa californiensjs Dana, 1854, in Yaquina Bay, Oregon
MS thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR. 56 pp.
Meglicsch, PA. 1972. Invertebrate zoology. O ord Univ. Press, London. 834 pp.
Merritt, R.W. and K.W. Cummins. 1984. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 2nd
Ed. Kendall/Hunt PubI. Co., Dubuque, IA. 722 pp.
Miller, DJ., and R.N. Lea. 1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Fish. Bull. 157, Calif.
Dept. Fish Gain. 235 pp.
Newell, G.E. and R.C. Newell. 1973. Marine plankton, a practical guide. Hutchinson Educational,
London. 244 pp.
Pennak, R.W. 1978. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. J Wiley & Sons, New York, NY
803 pp.
Phillips, A.C. 1977. Key field characteristics of use in identifying young marine Pacific salmon. Tech.
rep. 746, Fish. Mar. Serv., Pac. Biol. Sta., Nanaimo, B. C. 13 pp.
Phillips, R.C. 1984. The ecology of eelgrass meadows in the Pacific Northwest: A community profile.
FWS/OBS.84/24, US Fish. Wild]. Serv., Wash., D.C. 85 pp.
Pilsbry, HA. 1916. The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National
Museum; including a monograph of the American species. Bull. 93, U.S. Nat. Mus. 366 pp.
Poole, R.C. 1966. A description of laboratory reared zoeae of Cancer magister Dana, and megalopae
taken under natural conditions (Decapoda, Brachyura). Crustaceana 11: 83-97.
Rudy, P. R., Jr., and L. H. Rudy. 1983. Oregon estuarine invertebrates: an illustrated guide to the
common and important invertebrate animals. U.S. Fish WildI. Serv., Biol. Serv. Prog.,
FWS/OBS-83/16. 225 pp.
Smith, D.L 1977. A guide to marine coastal plankton and marine invertebrate larvae. Kendall/Hunt
PubL Co. Dubuque IA. 161 pp.
Smith, G.M. 1969. Marine Algae of the Montery Peninsula, California. Second Edition. Stanford Univ.
Press, Standford, CA. 752 pp.
Smith, K. and C.H. Fernando. 1978. A guide to freshwater calanoid and cyclopoid copepod Crustaccj
of Ontario. Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 18. 76 pp.
Smith, RI. and J.T. Carlton (eds). 1975. Lights manual: intertidal invertebrates of the Central
California Coast. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 717 p.
Smith, R.I., FA. Pitelka, D.P. Abbott, and F.M. Weesner. 1967. Intertidal invertebrates of the central
California coast. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, CA. 446 pp.
F-4

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Trinast, E. M. 1976. A preliminary note on Acartia californiensis, a new calanoid copepod from
Newport Bay, California. Crustaceana 31:54-58.
Volkmann-Rocco, B. 1972. Species of Tisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from Beaufort, North
Carolina. Archo. Oceanogr. Limnol. 17:223-258.
Waaland, J.R. 1977. Common seaweeds of the Pacific coast. Pacific Search Press. Seattle, WA. 120 pp.
Weinmann, F., M. Boule, K. Brunner, J. Malek, and V. Yoshino. 1984. Wetland Plants of the Pacific
Northwest U.S Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District. 85 pp.
Wells, J.BJ. 1976. Keys to aid in the identification of marine harpacticoid copepods. Dept Z.ool., Univ
Aberdeen 215 pp.
Wydoski, R. S., and R. R. Whitney. 1979 Inland fishes of Washington. Univ. Wash. Press, Seattle, WA
220 pp
Yates, S. 1988. Marine wildlife of Puget Sound, the San Juans, and the Strait of Georgia. The Globe
Pequot Press, Chester, Connecticut. 262 pp.
F-5

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SUPPLEMENT 7. PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF HIGH IMPORTANCE
In addition to the biological relationships that were the focus of much of the Protocol, the
process of developing the Protocol also identified many relationships between fish and wildlife
assemblage species and physical characteristics of their associated habitats that were of high
importance in determining the functional importance of the habitat. Unfortunately, few, if any, specific
attributes of these relationships were identified by the respondents to ihe questionnaires or through the
literature search. This section lists the relationships that were indicated as being of high importance
but which remain largely unaddressed by the current version of the Protocol. Future research should
be designed to provide more quantitative information on the relationships between fish and wildlife
species and the physical characteristics of their environment in order for future assessment
methodologies to address this important gap.

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Emergent Marsh
American coot
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Reproduction Elevation, Riparian
American goldflnch
Feeding: General, Sound
Reproduction: Elevation. Riparian
American wigeon
FeedingS General, Sound
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology General. Sound
Refuge/Physiology Gcneral. Water/Sediment Quality
Reproduction Ele ation. Intertidal
Reproduction Ele ation. Riparian
Reproduction Gencral. Sound
Bumehead
Feeding: General. Water,’Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology Gcnet al. Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology Ph s.ical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Black brant
FeedingS General, Graveling
FeedingS General. Light
Feeding General. Sound
Feeding. General. Water/Sediment Ouality
Refuge/Physiologv General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Canada goose
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction. General, Sound
Chinook salmon
Feeding: General, Salinity
FeedingS General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Light
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Honzontal Edges
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
G-2

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Chum salmon
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Detritus
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Light
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Common goldeneye
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Common snipe
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction: General, Sound
Cutthroat trout
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Light
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/ Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Dark-eyed junco
Feeding: General, Sound
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Great blue heron
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction: General, Sound
G.3

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Gadwall
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction; Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction: General, Sound
Greater yellowlegs
Feeding General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Ouality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Green-winged teal
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction. Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction General, Sound
Least sandpiper
Feeding. General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Mallard
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction. Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction. General, Sound
Merlin
FeedingS General, Sound
Reproductjon• Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction General, Sound
Muskrat
Feeding: General, Sound
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Northern oriole
Reproductjon• Elevation, Riparian
Osprey
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Pacilic harbor seal
Feeding: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Reproduction: General, Sound
Prickly sculpln
Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality
G-4

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Raccoon
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Red-tail hawk
Feeding: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction: General. Sound
Redwing blackbird
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Short-billed dowitcher
Feeding: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Song sparrow
Feeding: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology Ph ical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation. Riparian
Spotted sandpiper
Feeding: General. Sound
Refuge/Physiology’ General. Water/Sediment Quality
Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Savannah sparrow
Feeding: General. Sound
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Threesplne stickleback
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
Townsend vole
Feeding: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Western sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality
G5

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Mudflat
Bumehead
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Canada goose
Feeding’ General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Common goldeneye
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Common snipe
Feeding General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology’ General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Dunlin
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding’ General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge! Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Dungeness crab
Feeding: General, Carrion
Feeding: General, Detritus
English sole
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
Reproduction: General, Salinity
Reproduction: General, Temperature
Great blue heron
Feeding’ General, Sound
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Rcfuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction: General, Sound
G-6

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Greater yellowlegs
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Least sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Pacific harbor seal
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge! Physiology General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Pacific staghorn sculpin
Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
Raccoon
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Short-billed dowitcher
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: General, Sound
Spotted sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Starry flounder
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
Reproduction: General, Salinity
Reproduction: General, Temperature
Western sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
G-7

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Sandflat
Common goldeneye
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology; General, Water/Sediment Quality
Common snipe
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Dunlin
Feeding General, Sound
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology• Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction General, Water/Sediment Quality
Great blue heron
Feeding General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction Elevation, Riparian
Reproduction General, Sound
Greater yellowlegs
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Horned grebe
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology; General, Water/Sediment Quality
Least sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Pacilic sanddab
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding General, Turbidity -
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
G ..8

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Sand sole
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Spotted sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Waler/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Speckled sanddab
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
G-9

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Gravel/Cobble Beach
Bumehead
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding. General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Buffalo sculpin
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Coho salmon
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Copper rockflsh
Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Reproduction. Elevation, Subtidal
Reproduction Substrate, Sediment
Cutthroat trout
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology. General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge! Physiology General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Double-crested cormorant
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Dolly varden
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Great sculpin
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Horned grebe
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
G-1O

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Least sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Mew gull
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Pacific herring
Reproduction: Elevation, Intertidal
Reproduction: Elevation. Subtidal
Pile perch
Reproduction: Ele aiion. Subtidal
Padded sculpin
Refuge/Physiologv Ph sscal Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Pacific tomcod
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
Raccoon
Feeding: General. Turbidit
Red rock crab
Feeding: General, Waier,’Sediment Quality
Rock sole
Feeding: General, Waler/Scdiment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Surf smelt
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidiiy
Refuge/Physiologv General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Reproduction: Elevation, Intertidal
Reproduction: Substrate, Sediment
Spotted sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Starry flounder
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Western grebe
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, WaLer/Sediment Quality
Whitespotted greenhing
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
G-11

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Eelgrass
Bumehead
Feeding General, Sound
Feeding. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology. Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Black brant
Feeding: General, Gravelirig
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
FeedingS General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Canada goose
Feeding. General, Sound
Feeding. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Chum salmon
Feeding. General, Salinity
Feeding General, Detritus
Feeding General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Light
Feeding: General, Sound
FeedingS General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology. General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Dungeness crab
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Carrion
Feeding: General, Detritus
Feeding: General, Graveling
Reproduction: General, Salinity
Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Great blue heron
Feeding. General, Sound
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
G-12

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Greater yellowlegs
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Glaucous.wlnged gull
Feeding: General, Carrion
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Kelp perch
Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity
Least sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Osprey
Feeding: General, Sound
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Pacific harbor seal
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Horizontal Edges
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Shiner perch
Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Spotted sandpiper
Feeding: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Striped seaperch
Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity
Western sandpiper
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
G-13

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Nearshore Subtidal Soft Bottom
C-O sole
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Dungeness crab
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
Dover sole
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Hybrid sole
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Mountain whitefish
Feeding: General, Salinity
Northern squawfish
Feeding General, Salinity
Reproduction. General, Salinity
Pacific cod
Feeding General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity
Reproduction Elevation, Subtidal
Reproduction: General, Salinity
Pacific tomcod
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology General, Turbidity
Reproduction General, Salinity
Rough sculpin
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Rutfish
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Reproduction: General, Salinity
Sturgeon poacher
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
G-14

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Wafleye pollock
Feeding: General, Salinity
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Ouality
Feeding General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiolo General 1 Turbidity
Reproduction: General, Salinity
G-15

-------
Water Column
Bumehead
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Coho salmon
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology’ General, Turbidity
Chinook salmon
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding’ General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology. General, Turbidity
Chum salmon
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding’ General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology’ General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology. General, Turbidity
Common goldeneye
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Common merganser
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding. General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Double-crested cormorant
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding’ General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Bathymetric Features
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Gad ll
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology. General, Water/Sediment Quality
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Mew gull
Feeding: General, Detritus
Feeding’ General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
G-16

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Osprey
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical COmplexity, Vertical Relief
Reproduction: Elevation, Riparian
Pacific herring
Refuge/Physiology: General, Salinity
Reproduction: Elevation, Intertidal
Reproduction: Elevation, Subtidal
ReproductiQn: General, Salinity
Reproduction: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Pacific harbor seal
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Sound
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Pink salmon
Feeding General, Temperature
Feeding General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Pacific sand lance
Refuge/Physiology General, Salinity
Red-breasted merganser
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
River lamprey
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Water Movement
Surf smelt
Reproduction: Elevation, Intertidal
Reproduction: General, Salinity
Steelhead (rainbow) trout
Feeding: General, Temperature
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Temperature
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Turbidity
Northern sea lion
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Vertical Relief
Western brook lamprey
Refuge/Physiology: Physical Complexity, Water Movement
Western grebe
Feeding: General, Water/Sediment Quality
Feeding: General, Turbidity
Refuge/Physiology: General, Water/Sediment Quality
G.17

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SUPPLEMENT 8. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
This section lists the many persons whose contributions where invaluable to the development
of the Protocol. A variety of contributors participated at one or more of the stages, either as a
participant in the Urban Estuary Mitigation Work Group (UEMWG), and thus a respondent to Matrix
I and II, as one of the research experts surveyed in the Attribute Data Questionnaire, or as a
participant in the Port Townsend workshop. For their cooperation and assistance, the authors express
their gratitude.

-------
John Armstrong, 2 Robert L. Emmett 2
Environmental Protection Agency National Marine Fisheries Service
Seattle, WA Hammond, OR
Thomas W.H. Backman 2 Kern Ewing 2
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (POF) Range Science Department
Washington, DC Logan, UT
George Blomberg i Kurt Fresh 2
Port of Seattle Washington Department of Fisheries
Seattle, WA Olympia, WA
Marc Boule Michael Graybill
Shapiro & Associates, Inc. South Slough Nat’l. Estuarine Sanctuary
Seattle, WA Charleston, OR
Gary Bradfield 2 Paul Hickey
Botany Department Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
Vancouver, BC Auburn, WA
Ken Brunner Liz Hoenig 3
Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Muckleshoot/Suquamish Tribes
Seattle, WA Seattle, WA
Mary Burg Rich Hornet 3
Washington Department of Ecology Department of Civil Engineering
Olympia, WA Seattle, WA
Dan Cheney23 Greg Hueckel 2,3
BioAquatics International Washington Department of Fisheries
Bellevue, WA Olympia, WA
John Cooper ‘.3 DeAnn Kirkpatrick
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Institute of Marine Studies
Olympia, WA Seattle, WA
Andrea Copping 3 Kathy Kunzl . 3
Puget Sound Water Quality Authority Environmental Protection Agency
Seattle, WA Seattle, WA
Jeff Cordell Pat Lambert
Fisheries Research Institute Institute for Marine Studies
Seattle, WA Seattle, WA
Paul Dinnel2 Mark LaSalle3
School of Fisheries U.S. Army Corp of Engineers
Seattle, WA Vicksburg, MS
H-2
1 = UEMWG participant
2 = Attribute Questionnaire respondent
3 = Workshop participant

-------
Cohn Levmgs 2 Michael Rylko i .
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Environmental Protection Agency
West Vancouver, BC Seattle, WA
Dave McEntee Leslie Sacha 1
Port of Tacoma Port of Tacoma
Tacoma, WA Tacoma, WA
Andy McMillan i Jim Shafer
Washington Department of Ecology Washington Department of Transportation
Olympia, WA Olympia, WA
Russ McMillan3 Dave Shreffler
Washington Department of Ecology Fisheries Research Institute
Olympia, WA Seattle, WA
Mary Lou Mills Charles Simenstad i. .s
Washington Department of Fisheries Fisheries Research Institute
Olympia, WA Seattle, WA
Joe Miyamoto 1.3 Ann Soule
Puyallup Tribe of Indians University of Arizona
Tacoma, WA Tucson, AZ
Thomas F. Mum ford, Jr. Michelle Stevens 3
Department of Natural Resources Washington Department of Ecology
Olympia, WA Olympia, WA
Karen Northup 1 Naki Stevens 3
Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Puget Sound Water Quality Authority
Seattle, WA Seattle, WA
Ronald C. Phillips 2 Heather A. Stout
Department of Natural and Mathematical B-Twelve Associates
Sciences Kent, WA
Seattle, WA
Curtis D. Tanner 1.3
Dr. Klaus 0. Richter 2 Institute for Marine Studies
Kirkland, WA Seattle, WA
Diane E. Robbins 3 Ronald M. Thom
Invert-Aid Fisheries Research Institute
Tacoma, WA Seattle, WA
Ralph T. Rogers 3 Rex Van Wormer 3
Environmental Protection Agency IES Associates
Portland, OR Olympia, WA
____________________________H-3
1 = UEMWG participant
2 = Attribute Questionnaire respondent
3 = Workshop participant

-------
Gary Voerman
Environmental Protection Agency
Seattle, WA
Terrence R. Wahl 2
Bellingham, WA
Fred Weininann
Corps of Engineers, Seattle District
Seattle, WA
Ann E. Wessel
Washington Department of Ecology
Olympia, WA
Gary L Williams 2
G.L. WIlliams and Associates, Ltd.
Coquitlam, BC
Susan L. Williams, 2
Friday Harbor Laboratories
Friday Harbor, WA
Frances Wilshusen
Squaxin Island Indian Tribe
Olympia, WA
Bob Zcigler i,
Washington Department of Wildlife
Olympia, WA
Gordy Zilliges
Washington Department of Fisheries
Olympia. WA
H-4
1 = LJEMWG participant
2 = Attribute Questionnaire respondent
3 = Workshop participant

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