MARCH 1973
INTERIM SPECIFICATIONS FOR
OR & M GRANT,
CONTRACT AND IN-HOUSE REPORTS
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
-------
This document supercedes "Final Report Specifications for Grant.
Contract, and In-House Projects", February 1971, as amended on
July 19, 1972. This superceded document was initially developed
for and applied to the water pollution control research reports
which had been instituted by an earlier organization. With
later Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) re-organizations and
the consolidation of research programs by the EPA Office of
Research and Monitoring (OR&M), these specifications were
adopted for non-water research areas.
This present document incorporates various memoranda concerning
OR&M publication policy issued during Fiscal Year 1973. It is
primarily directed at authors and principal investigators of
all OR&M research reports.
A companion document is planned which will be directed for use
within the agency and assist in matters of funding, approval
procedures, printing, and distribution policy.
-------
INTERIM
SPECIFICATIONS FOR OR&M
GRANT, CONTRACT AND IN-HOUSE REPORTS
MARCH 1973
by
Publications Branch
Research Information Division
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
-------
CONTENTS
Page No.
I. INTRODUCTION 1
A. General Requirements 1
B. Report Contents 2
C. Outside Responsibility 2
D, Reproduction 2
II. R&M REPORT SERIES AND NUMBER ASSIGNMENT 4
A. Series Descriptions 4
B. Program Element Identification by Series 6
C. Numbering System 15
III. REPORT CONTENT 17
1. Front cover 17
2. Inside front cover 17
3. Title page 18
4. Abstract page 22
5. Contents 22
6. List of figures 22
7. List of tables 22
8. Acknowledgments 22
9. Conclusions 22
10. Recommendations 22
11. Body of report 22
12. References 23
13. List of inventions reported and 23
publications
14. Glossary 23
15. Appendices 23
16. NTIS/WRSIC forms 24
17. Back cover 25
18. Binding 25
IV. SPECIFIC FORMAT REQUIREMENTS 26
V. RESPONSIBILITY CHECKLIST 40
VI. SAMPLE PAGES 43
iii
-------
INTERIM SPECIFICATIONS FOR OR&M
GRANT, CONTRACT, AND IN-HOUSE REPORTS
I. INTRODUCTION
A final report is required for all research, development, and
demonstration grant, contract, and in-house projects supported
by the Office of Research and Monitoring (OR&M), Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). Final reports shall be prepared by the
performing organization and shall have standard covers, size,
and format. These specifications are provided for this purpose
and are to be followed by all EPA research components, the
performing organization, the Project Officer, and all key
personnel involved in the preparation of final reports. In
addition to the obvious categories — final reports on in-house,
grant and contract research — they are also intended to apply
to annotated bibliographies, review documents, methods manuals,
etc. It is essential that each person carry out his own
responsibilities so that the end product will be a final report
of high quality and appearance.
Any deviation from these specifications must be approved by or
through the Project Officer. Major deviations require a waiver
for special handling obtained from the Publications Branch.
These specifications are intended to apply to any final report
resulting from OR&M sponsored/conducted research, and are
applicable regardless of whether the final report is submitted
as a single manuscript or as a specified quantity of printed
documents. The form of submission and/or number of copies of this
obligated report is stated in the final agreement (grant or
contract). When the final report is complete and approved, the
grantee or contractor shall submit the reproducible manuscript
(or printed copies if so specified) to his assigned Project
Officer. In the case of in-house reports, local procedures will
be followed for handling of the reproducible manuscript. One
copy of all published OR&M research reports is to be furnished
the Publications Branch.
A. General Requirements
The purpose of these specifications is to provide uniformity in
research reports prepared at the conclusion of each grant,
contract or in-house project which is initiated through the OR&M
EPA. Because of the diversity of these programs, and the
geographic dispersal of the monitoring National Environmental
Research Centers (NERCs), these specifications will not contain
-------
review and coordination procedures. These issues are subject
to existing local practice and the administrative channels may
be vulnerable to reorganizations; therefore, these matters will
be addressed through other directives.
To insure dissemination outside of EPA, all OR&M/EPA reports are
announced and made available at the Government Printing Office
and/or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). In
addition to the NTIS processing requirements, there are many
EPA reporting functions which have been instituted so that
mechanical restrictions must be regarded. These realities
justify such constraints as prohibition of sub-scripts,
super-scripts, non-english letters, or special characters in
titles and abstracts.
Theses for advanced degrees from educational institutions are not
acceptable as final reports, unless prepared in accordance with
these specifications.
B. Report Contents
The final report shall contain all useful information, results,
and data acquired in the performance of the work done under the
project. It shall explain the work conducted in such detail as
to allow others to reproduce the work, equipment, and processes
and shall present all significant results, together with
conclusions and recommendations derived therefrom.
C. Outside Responsibility
In order to protect potential patent and invention rights of the
agency and/or the author, Project Officer concurrence is required
prior to disclosure of information pertaining to grant and
contract projects. The grantee or contractor shall not release
copies of his final report for any use until the final report
has been approved and accepted by the OR&M, EPA. Pursuant to
review of the draft final report, the Project Officer should
advise the Office of General Counsel, EPA, whether, in his
opinion any inventions have been made during the project.
D. Reproduction
The reproduction of EPA reports received will vary with several
factors which include the subject matter, an estimate of
potential audience, the scope and magnitude of the project, and
the size of the report. These factors affect the decision as
to appropriateness of publication and the most economic method
-------
of reproduction. The most prevalent decision will be to utilize
the Government Printing Office or one of its designated
contractors, and use an offset printing method from final page
size negatives. Local OR&M office procedures will dictate the
method to be followed for reproducing and distributing reports.
-------
II. RESEARCH AND MONITORING REPORT SERIES AND NUMBER ASSIGNMENTS
(NOTE: The following applies to original report manuscripts,
as well as pre-printed reports furnished by grantees
and contractors.)
In order to classify the reports of the Office of Research and
Monitoring, five series have been established. These five broad
categories aid in program management and are expected to facilitate
the distribution, information retrieval, and usage of the resulting
publications. These series as described herein, cover the
range of all environmental research and monitoring activities:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5 . Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
Each research report prepared for work conducted or monitored by
the Office of Research and Monitoring under a program element will
be assigned to one of these series. Scope notes defining the
series, along with corresponding report colors, and program element
number assignments to them follow.
These programs are identified by the 1973 title of the Program
Element along with the 1973 Program Element (PE) number. Since
the majority of these programs are continuations or consolidations
of prior program elements, corresponding PE numbers for 1972 are
also shown. Program Planning and Budget (PPB) numbers are also
provided for the cases where these program numbers may be still
applicable. Since program titles have been evolving greater
reliance must be placed on numerical precedents. This listing
is intended to enable the assignment to the appropriate series
of all research reports for programs which were initiated in
prior years and for which documentation is now being produced.
A. Series Descriptions
1. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH - (yellow covers)
This series describes projects and studies relating to the
tolerances of man for unhealthful substances or conditions. This
work is generally assessed from a medical viewpoint, including
physiological or psychological studies. In addition to toxicology
and other medical specialities, study areas include biomedical
instrumentation and health research techniques utilizing animals -
but always with intended application to human health measures.
-------
2. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY - (light blue covers)
This series describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment and methodology to
repair or prevent environmental degradation from point and
non-point sources of pollution. This work provides the new or
improved technology required for the control and treatment of
pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
3. ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH - (light green covers)
This series describes research on the effects of pollution on
humans, plant and animal species, and materials. Problems are
assessed for their long- and short-term influences. Investiga-
tions include formation, transport, and pathway studies to
determine the fate of pollutants and their effects. This work
provides the technical basis for setting standards to minimize
undesirable changes in living organisms in the aquatic,
terrestrial and atmospheric environments.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING - (gray covers)
This series describes research conducted to develop new or
improved methods and instrumentation for the identification
and quantification of environmental pollutants at the lowest
conceivably significant concentrations. It also includes
studies to determine the ambient concentrations of pollutants
in the environment and/or the variance of pollutants as a
function of time or meteorological factors.
5. SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES - (rust covers)
This series describes research on the socioeconomic impact of
environmental problems. This covers recycling and other
recovery operations with emphasis on monetary incentives. The
non-scientific realms of legal systems, cultural values, and
business systems are also involved. Because of their
interdisciplinary scope, system evaluations and environmental
management reports are included in this series.
(NOTE: The applicable series description paragraph shown
above will be incorporated on the inside front cover
of each report. See sample page.)
-------
B. Program Element Identification by Series
1. Environmental Health Effects Research Series - HE
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
PROGRAM ELEMENT
1973
TITLE
18010
18040
18070
110201
110203
310201
310205
310208
410200
510101
510201
610201
610202
610203
610204
610205
710201
1F1082
FX1106
1H1092
710207
1A1005 Community Health Effects
Surveillance Studies (CHESS)
1A1007 Biomedical Research
1B1019 Water Quality Health Effects
Research
1D1052 Environmental Effects Research
1E1078 Pesticides Health Effects
Research
1F1081 Radiation Epidemiological
Research
Radiation Health Effects
Research
AEC Radiation Effects Program
National Center for
Toxicological Research
1H1098 Comprehensive Planning, and
Institutional and Social
Systems Research
1H1099 Toxic Substance Health Effects
Research
-------
2. Environmental Protection Technology Series - PT
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
PROGRAM ELEMENT
1973
TITLE
16060
16070
16120
16020
16030
16040
11010
J.102-
110101
110102
110401
121101
121102
121103
121104
121105
121106
310302
310303
310304
310401
310402
310403
-
320101
320102
1A1001
1A1002
1A1010
1A2012
1A2013
1A2014
1A2015
1A2016
1B1024
1B1025
1B1026
1B1027
1B1032
1B2033
1B2034
Pollutant Characterization
Fuel and Fuel Additive
Registration
Instrumentation and Analytic)
Methods Development
Particulate Control
S0(x) Control
N0(x) Control
Control Technology - Other
Pollutants
Land Use Planning and
Transportation
Fate of Pollutants in Ground
Waters
Fate of Pollutants in Marine
Waters
Fate of Pollutants in Large
Lakes
Methods Development for
Identification of Pollutants
Thermal Pollution Research
Municipal Sewered Discharge
Combined Sewer Overflows and
Storm Water Discharges
-------
FT - Continued
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
1103-
1104-
11050
13050
12010
12020
12030
12050
12070
12090
12110
12130
16130
12040
12060
12080
12100
12120
15020
13010
13020
13030
13040
15010
15060
14010
14020
14030
14040
14050
15090
15080
320103
320104
320105
323105
321101
321102
321103
321105
321107
321109
321111
321113
328204
321104
321106
321108
321110
321112
322101
323101
323102
323103
323104
323106
323107
324101
324102
324103
324104
324105
326101
326102
PROGRAM ELEMENT TITLE
1973
1B2034 Ctd.
1B2035 Non-Sewered Domestic Wastes
1B2036 Heavy Industrial Sources
1B2037 Food, Paper, and Other
Industrial Sources
1B2038 Transportation Sources
1B2039 Agricultural Sources
1B2040 Mining Sources
1B2041 Oil and Hazardous Materials
Spills
-------
PT - Continued
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
PROGRAM ELEMENT
1973
TITLE
15030
15070
-
15110
17010
17020
17030
17040
17050
17060
17070
17080
17090
17100
17110
16100
16080
322102
322103
327100
720101
328101
328102
328103
328104
328105
328106
328107
328108
328109
328110
328202
328203
421125
421126
421127
421128
421122
421123
421124
422121
422123
423121
423122
424121
1B2042
1B2043
1B2044
1B2045
1D2063
1D2064
1D2065
1D2066
1D2067
1D2069
1D2070
1D2072
1D2075
Hydrologic Modification
Treatment Process Development
and Optimization
Cold Climate Waste Treatment
Water Quality Control
Processing Methods
Disposal Methods
Systems Management
Specialized Municipal Wastes
Storage, Collection and
Transportation Methods
Industrial Waste Classification
Industrial Waste Management
Strategies
Agricultural Solid Wastes
Recycling
-------
PT - Continued
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
PROGRAM ELEMENT
1973
TITLE
424122
510402
710101
710205
710206
710207
730301
1D2076 Resource Recovery Inducement
1E1079 Pesticides Identification
Methodology
1H1091 Standards Research
1H1096 Modeling and Methodologies
Development
1H1097 Environmental Studies Centers
1H1098 Comprehensive Planning, and
Institutional and Social
Systems Research
1H2101 Technology Transfer
10
-------
3. Ecological Research Series - ER
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
PROGRAM ELEMENT
1973
TITLE
18030
18050
18090
16050
16060
16070
16120
16010
110103
110202
110302
110301
110303
310204
310206
310209
310301
310302
310303
310304
330801
328201
410300
1A1003 Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS)
1A1006 Ecological Impact of Air
Pollution
1A1008 Formation and Decay of
Pollutants
1A1009 Meteorological Research
1B1020 Agricultural Uses
1B1021 Freshwater Fishes, Other
Freshwater Life and Wildlife
1B1022 Marine Fishes, Other Marine
Life, and Wildlife
1B1023 Fate of Pollutants in Fresh
Surface Waters
1B1024 Fate of Pollutants in Ground
Waters
1B1025 Fate of Pollutants in Marine
Waters
1B1026 Fate of Pollutants in Large
Lakes
1B1028 Great Lakes Research
1B1030 Water Quality Implementation
Research
1B1031 Eutrophication and Lake
Restoration
1D1053 Environmental Phenomena Research
11
-------
ER - Continued
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
PROGRAM ELEMENT
1973
TITLE
423121
423122
510102
510302
610301
610302
710101
710202
710204
710204
1D2.072 Agricultural Solid Wastes
1E1077 Pesticides Ecological Effects
Research
1E2080 Alternative Methods of Pest
Control
1F1083 Radiation Pathways Research
FX1107 AEC Animal Investigation Program
1H1091 Standards Research
1H1093 Systems Evaluation
1H1095 Environmental Indicators
1H1098 Comprehensive Planning and
Institutional and Social
Systems Research
1H1100 Toxic Substance Ecological
Effects Research
12
-------
4. Environmental Monitoring Series - EM
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
PROGRAM ELEMENT
1973
TITLE
110103
110302
110301
110303
410300
410400
510301
610402
710101
710204
710207
1A1003 Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS)
1A1008 Formation and Decay of
Pollutants
1A1009 Meteorological Research
1A1011 Standardization of Instrumen-
tation and Analytical Methods
- Air
1A1108 Fuel and Fuel Additive
Surveillance
1B1028 Great Lakes Research
1B1029 Lake Survey
1B1109 Standardization of Methods
for Identification of
Pollutants - Water
1D1053 Environmental Phenomena Research
1D1054 Measurements and Analytical
Methods Research
1E1110 Pesticide Exposure Surveillance
1F1084 Radiation Methods and
Measurements
1F1111 Radiochemical Measurements
1H1091 Standards Research
1H1095 Environmental Indicators
1H1098 Comprehensive Planning, and
Institutional and Social
Systems Research
13
-------
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies Series - SE
PPB PROGRAM ELEMENT
1972
PROGRAM ELEMENT
1973
TITLE
16090
16110
15030
15070
15110
110104
121106
330801
322102
322103
327100
720101
-
-
421127
424121
424122
710101
710202
710203
710204
710205
1A1004
1A2016
1B1030
1B2042
1D1312
1D1315
1D2065
1D2075
1D2076
1H1091
1H1093
1H1094
1H1095
1H1096
Economic Criteria
Land Use Planning and
Transportation
Water Quality Implementation
Research
Hydrologic Modification
Behaviorial and Systems Studies
of Solid Waste
Benefits of Solid Waste
Management
Systems Management
Recycling
Resource Recovery Inducement
Standards Research
Systems Evaluation
Economics Research
Environmental Indicators
Modeling and Methodologies
710206
710207
Development
1H1097 Environmental Studies Centers
1H1098 Comprehensive Planning and
Institutional and Social
Systems Research
14
-------
C. Numbering System
All publications are numbered in accordance with a 5-element
format. A sample number might be: EPA-R2-73-007b
EPA Identifies all Environmental Protection Agency publications.
This element is invariant.
R2 Identifies the OR&M series of publications. The initial Jl
is used for all Research and Monitoring publications. The
numeric is a designator to the established series as given
below.
Series Designator
Environmental Health Effects Research 1
Environmental Protection Technology 2
Ecological Research 3
Environmental Monitoring 4
Socioeconomic Environmental Studies 5
Cover Color
Yellow
Light Blue
Light Green
Gray
Rust
73 Indicates (the last two digits of) the year of publication.
007 Indicates the serial number which is: (1) sequentially
assigned, and (2) normally a pure numeric. This serial
number may be assigned on a non repetitive basis, but they
will normally be annually recycled.
b Indicates an expander to the serial number element. This
attached element is applicable only for limited situations:
if a report is published in multiple volumes, or is
scheduled for periodic supplements, an alphabetic suffix
(a to z) is appended. The sample report number contains a
b_ suffix to indicate it is the second in a separate
sequence or set. This provision keeps reports in "sets"
yet retains the integrity of the general numbering system.
For reports which are being completed at the end of a calendar
year, the year of actual or planned date or release to printing
or reproduction determines the year (third) element of the
number. The year of start or finish of the work described is not
significant in setting this element.
When a report is published periodically, a new serial number is
normally assigned with the first issue of the new calendar year.
An explanatory note within the report refers to previous number(s)
of prior year(s).
15
-------
Contro^L
To prevent duplicate report numbers and maintain integrity, all
report numbers are assigned by the Publications Branch, Research
Information Division (703/557-7706). It is the responsibility
of the OR&M author (or the Project Officer in case of contract
or grant reports) to contact or call this office for a report
number assignment. Assignments are sequentially provided and
recorded in separate series logs. This number is not to be
requested until the publication has been approved. If the
publication is withdrawn prior to reproduction and/or distribution,
the recipient of the report number must notify the Publications
Branch of the cancellation.
16
-------
III. REPORT CONTENT
A typical final report shall contain the following sections.
(Approved style samples of report pages are included herein.)
1. Front Cover - prepared by EPA. Type size and other printing
details will be determined by the EPA Printing Officer or
publication representative, depending on facilities available
to him. All report covers will contain the following items:
a) Report number
b) Report series title
c) Report title - 10 words or less
d) Sub-title (or sub-series) when appropriate
e) Date of publication (month/year)
f) Cooperating or co-sponsoring agency(s) when appropriate
g) OR&M/EPA agency identification
(1) In the case of contracts and grants: Office of
Research and Monitoring, United States Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460.
(2) In the case of in-house projects: the Center (NERC),
Office of Research and Monitoring, United States
Environmental Protection Agency, and the city, state
and zip code of the Center.
2. Inside Front Cover - prepared by EPA. The inside front cover
shall contain two items: series notes and disclaimer notice.
a. The series notes contain the series description for the
series cited on the front cover and any other group notation.
Parochial or unique messages which peculiarly apply to
the report which follows are restricted. The text of
these series descriptions appear in Section II (A) of these
specifications.
b. The disclaimer paragraph is standard in being appropriate
for all research reports. The disclaimer shall appear
as follows:
"This report has been reviewed by the Office of Research
and Monitoring, EPA, and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the Environmental
Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use."
17
-------
3. Title Page - This page shall contain only the following items:
a) Report number - upper right-hand corner; added by
Project Officer, who obtains the number from the
Publications Branch after report has been reviewed and
cleared for publication.
b) Date of publication (month/year)
c) Report series
d) Report title
e) Sub-title (or sub-series) when appropriate
f) Personal author(s)
(1) In the case of contract and grant reports printed
through the Government Printing Office, the corporate
affiliation of personal authors is not listed. This
limitation is due to a ruling by the U.S. Joint
Committee on Printing, that identification of the
performing organization is construed as advertising,
and is not allowed.
(2) In the case of in-house reports, personal authors
shall be listed, as well as the EPA NERC or
Laboratory name and location.
g) Contract, grant, or project number as appropriate
h) Program Element number
i) Name and address of Project Officer (or primary EPA
contact); this citation with extramural work will provide
identification of the EPA individual with closest knowledge
of the described work. Some projects are subdivided and
primary liaison with grantee or contractor is handled by
a Task Officer(s).
j) Administering NERC - for in-house reports only
k) Cooperating or co-sponsoring agency(s) when appropriate
1) OR&M/EPA agency identification
(1) In the case of contracts and grants, add Washington,
D.C. 20460.
(2) In the case of in-house reports, add city, state,
and zip code of the NERC.
(See following summary and footnotes of information elements
on report covers and title page.)
18
-------
In-house Extramural
x x
X X
X X
(x) (x)
In-house Extramural
x x
X X
(x) (x)
X X
X
SUMMARY OF INFORMATION ELEMENTS FOR REPORT COVERS AND TITLE PAGES
Item Cover Title Page
1. Report Number
2. Series Title2
3. Report Title
4. (Sub-title or
Sub-series)-'
5. Personal Author (s)
6a. Corporate Author
(where appropriate)
Including Address^
6b. NERC Element5 x
Including Street
Address
7a. Contract/Grant x
Number (GAD
Number)
7b. Project Number x x
7c. Program Element x x
Number
8. Project Officer x
9. Date of Publication6 x x x x
10. "Prepared For" x
11. NERO7 x x
12a. OR&M xx x x
12b. U.S. EPA xx xx
J. j • ACL d JL 6 S S X X X X
14. (Cooperating (x) (x)
and Co-sponsoring
Agencies)10
19
-------
FOOTNOTES
Front covers will vary between in-house and extramural reports
only by differences in elements indicated. Mutual elements
will appear in a consistent style and position. Back covers
will be identical. Covers will be color coded as prescribed
for the series.
Five document series with corresponding cover color codes have
been established. Each report cover will be identified with
one of the following series:
Series .Color
Environmental Health Effects Research Yellow
Environmental Protection Technology Light Blue
Ecological Research Light Green
Environmental Monitoring Gray
Socioeconomic Environmental Studies Rust
Items included in parentheses are to be included only when
applicable. Reports which are serially or periodically
produced on a given program will be enumerated or identified
as such.
The corporate author address on the title page will contain
street address, city, state, and postal zip code when not
prohibited by regulations of the Government Printing Office.
The NERC element for intramural programs will be the division
or laboratory of the Center where the work was performed. The
address which follows on the title page will be a complete
mailing address including author(s) organizational unit.
The date shall be written as "month year" (e.g. January 1973)
and shall indicate the date the report was sent to reproduction
with all approvals.
This is the Center, even though the project monitor might be or
have been located in a satellite laboratory or other field site.
For in-house research, the cover contains only city, state and
zip code of the Center; the title page also contains this
basic address. Note that this is in addition to above; the
author or principal investigator (item 5) is followed by his
full address (item 6b).
20
-------
" For extramural research, the EPA address on both the cover and
title page always will be Washington, D.C. 20460. This is
irrespective of FED and Project Monitor location and reflects
the sponsoring Office of Research and Monitoring location.
When an EPA research project receives major support from other
governmental agencies, the project is termed as a cooperative
effort. When an EPA research project receives major support
from a private organization, the project is termed as a
co-sponsored effort. The second organization is also identified
appropriately on the title page. These definitions exclude
support from other sources through any number of lesser ways.
For these cases, appropriate acknowledgements are recognized
in an acknowledgment section of the report.
21
-------
4. Abstract - the abstract page shall follow the title page and
be a maximum of 200 words. An abstract is a shortened version
containing or referring to essential parts of the original
document. The abstract shall indicate the purpose and scope
of the work undertaken, the work performed, results obtained
and conclusions. Factual detail is not appropriate. The
purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with useful
information and with a means of determining whether the
complete document should be obtained for study. Because of
the subsequent processing of abstracts for bibliographic
purposes, avoid usage of non-english or special characters and
inferior or superior figures (subscripts, formulas etc). The
last paragraph shall be as follows: "This report was submitted
in fulfillment of (Project Number and Contract/Grant Number)
by (contractor or grantee organization) under the (partial)
sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency. Work
was completed as of (date)."
5. Table of Contents - one page if possible
6. List of Figures - this is an optional item where there are
less than five illustrations.
7. L ist^ p_f_Tab 1 es - this is an optional item where there are
less than five tables.
8. Acknowledgements - only this section shall contain
acknowledgements of key personnel and organizations who were
associated with the project.
9. Conclusions - use clear, concise statements to summarize
conclusions reached in the course of this project.
10. Recommendations - use clear, concise statements to state
recommended future action.
11. Body of Report
a. Introduction - scope and purpose of the project, general
background of the project and description of the various
phases of the project. The theoretical approach to the
solution of the problem being attacked should be included
in this section.
b. Design, Construction or Experiment Fabrication Phase
and/or materials and methods.
c. Operational and Evaluation Phase or Experimental Phase.
22
-------
d. Discussion - detailed description and analysis of the work
performed during the course of the project. Identification
of innovations or development of new techniques or
processes should be included. Where appropriate, discussion
of cost projections and economic analyses should appear
here.
12. References - use consistent references which are full
citations to work referenced throughout the report and
references to closely related work, background material, and
publications which offer additional information on aspects of
the work. An option of the author is to list these at the
end of the chapter with citation, or list together in a
separate section following the body of the report.
13. List of inventions reported and publications - if any
inventions have been reported, or publications, or pending
publications have been produced as a result of the project,
the titles, authors, journals or magazines and identifying
numbers which will assist in locating such information should
be included in this section.
14. Glossary of terms, abbreviations, and symbols - when more
than five of these items are used in the text of the
report, prepare a listing of all with explanations and
definitions. It is expected that every abbreviation and
symbol will always be defined on its first appearance in the
report with a parenthesized symbol. The total count of
employed symbols and abbreviations in report text does not
consider entries in Tables or callouts and legends in
Figures which should be self-contained.
Measurements in EPA/OR&M reports will be expressed in metric
units; however, for the convenience of engineers and other
scientists accustomed to using the British system, values
may be given in British units as well in parentheses after
the value in metric units. The expression of measurements
by both systems of units is especially encouraged for
engineering reports.
15. Appendixes - related or additional material too bulky or
detailed to include within the Discussion portion of the
report. The appendixes shall be made a part of the report
with consecutive page numbers. If the appendixes are too
large for inclusion in the report, they shall be bound as
23
-------
a separate document with separate page numbers. The Project
Officer shall determine how appendixes are to be included
in the final report. If a report has only one appendix it
is titled "APPENDIX." If a report has more than one appendix
each is designated with a capital letter (APPENDIX A,
APPENDIX B) and page numbers are still continuations of the
body of the report.
16. NTIS/WRSIC Forms - All OR&M research reports are forwarded
to and announced by the National Technical Information Service
for demand distribution. Copies are sold in microfiche form
as well as hard copy. In order to accomplish this, NTIS
requires a completed Bibliographic Data Sheet. However, reports
in the area of water pollution control research are processed
for NTIS through the Water Resources Scientific Information
Center (WRSIC). Therefore, so-called "water reports" require
a WRSIC Input Transaction Form in lieu of the NTIS
Bibliographic Data Sheet.
(a) NTIS Bibliographic Data Sheet - The originator of the
report is responsible for completion of this form which
shall be completed and included with the manuscript, and
shall be the last separate, printed page of the report.
Forms are available from the Project Officer or NTIS.
(b) WRSIC Input Transaction Form - This abstract shall be
prepared by the author and included as the last separate,
printed page of the report. porms and required material
are available from the Project Officer or from WRSIC.
The completed form is included with the report
manuscript.
For any reports prepared prior to these instructions and
pre-printed by a contractor or grantee ("water" as well as
"non-water"), three copies of such reports, along with the
appropriate completed NTIS or WRSIC form shall be submitted
by the Project Officer to a designated point for forwarding
to NTIS according to local program procedures. Pre-printed
reports submitted to NTIS shall have an EPA series number
assigned in accordance with previous instructions. In the
case of non-water pre-printed reports, a copy of the
completed NTIS Bibliographic Data Sheet shall be forwarded
to the Publications Branch.
In order to maintain complete and current records, the
Publications Branch must be notified of the assigned
accession (PB) number for all reports when received from
NTIS by means of the NTIS orange accession notice card
(NTIS Form 79). Receipt of this number is critical for
purposes of announcement and bibliographic records, as well
as answering availability inquiries.
24
-------
17. Back cover - prepared by EPA. Back covers will have
provision to accept a mailing address. The EPA return
address identification will be that of the initial
distribution point. Block for address changes will also
be provided. (See sample). Upper right cover will contain
franking information for Postal Service permit, and bulk
rate information when applicable.
18. Binding - Reports containing over 96 pages require a spine
strip which will include the report number and title.
Print size shall be scaled to match width of spine. A
spine is not used, of course, for small reports (less than
96 pages) bound with saddle stitching.
25
-------
IV. SPECIFIC FORMAT REQUIREMENTS
1. Prepare report for a final size of 8 x 10-1/2 inch page copy
with an image area of 6 x 8-1/2 inches. Since draft manuscripts
for OR&M reports may be submitted on a page size of either
8 x 10-1/2 or 8-1/2 x 11, the margins are not specified.
Although photographic methods can be used to vary final
dimensions or reductions, these specifications are written to
avoid the necessity of dimensional reductions for normal text
pages. The advantages of more data per page (oversize), and
reducing down to the prescribed 6 x 8-1/2 image area is offset
by requirements of equipment flexibility and concern for
retained legibility or print size of copy. This is further
discussed under following paragraphs, but print size should not
be below 8-point type for most cases or 6-point type under
extreme circumstances.
2. The draft final report may be double-spaced (or space and a
half, if desired) on one side only. The use of space and a
half typing may minimize retyping of report manuscript to final
format, for cases where the draft is essentially approved as
first submitted. This draft shall be submitted to the Project
Officer in its entirety, including illustrations, appendixes,
etc. Upon the Project Officer's approval, type the final report
manuscript single-spaced (or space and a half, if desired) on
one side of the page. This is the original or reproducible
master of the final report. In preparing this final manuscript,
use a high-quality typewriter, a black typewriter ribbon, and
a good bond paper.
3. Center page numbers at bottom of page after a skipped line so
the page number is separated from last line of text by a
quarter inch or more. All front matter pages shall be numbered
consecutively using lower case Roman numerals, as follows:
Title page, i (unnumbered);
Abstract, ii (numbered);
Table of Contents, iii (numbered);
Continue numbering through Acknowledgments.
Arabic numbers are used for text, beginning with page 1
(right-hand page) on Section I, Conclusions and numbered
consecutively to the end of the report. Reports will be
printed on both sides of the paper. Although new sections
begin on a new page, they will be printed on the next
available page. Therefore, blank pages will be minimized.
Use capitalized, centered headings for designating the
principal sections of the report.
26
-------
4. You are not required to number all paragraphs. While such
style does assist in cross-referencing it has the disadvantage
of inducing too much formality into the communication. To
maintain good compactness in OR&M reports a block style of
paragraph structure is suggested. Heading order and style
are as follows:
1st order (chapter beginnings) - All capital letters centered
on the page one and a half inches down from the
top edge of the image area. Double-space if more
than one line. Set bottom line three spaces above
2nd-order heading or text.
2nd order - All capital letter set flush with left margin
and two spaces above paragraph.
3rd order - Capital and lowercase letters set flush with
left margin and two spaces above paragraph. Third-
order headings are underlined.
4th order - Capital and lowercase letters set flush left with
left margin, underlined, and followed with a dash.
5th order - Initial capital letter on first word only and on
other proper nouns and followed by a dash. Text
follows on the same line.
5. To reduce the literary style of the report and improve the
communication of results, a direct style of expression is
recommended. This choice of approach will eliminate some
formal touches such as footnotes. If the material being foot-
noted cannot be smoothly incorporated in the text, the preferred
technique is to treat as a reference and refer to the source of
the material. When neither alternate technique is applicable,
footnote designation may be incorporated in the following order:
*, +, + , and **. Footnotes are typed flush left at the bottom
of the page with single spacing. A two inch rule from the left
margin separates the footnote from the text.
6. Prepare Tables and Figures in consistent style throughout the
report. Tables and Figures shall be numbered consecutively
(with Arabic numbers) and appropriately captioned. All Figures
and Tables including captions and titles should be prepared to
fit an image area of 6 x 8-1/2 inches. If figures and tables
are too large to reduce to 8 x 10-1/2 inch page size with
proper margins, they can be presented on facing pages, i.e.,
left side on even numbered page, right side on odd-numbered
27
-------
page. Caution should be used to avoid excessive reductions
which would produce unacceptable legibility. Foldouts should
be held to a minimum. Figures and tables shall appear in the
text as the subject is discussed, not grouped at the end of
the section. The following instructions will promote
consistently clear and informative illustrations. Illustrations
are to be no larger than the 6 x 8-1/2 inch image frame.
Although oversized illustrations may be included in drafts
or milestone reports, they must be reduced to page size when
submitted with the final report.
A. Graphs: Axis lines must be drawn with a No. "0" pen.
Tick marks 0.2 inch long are spaced around the inside of
the axes. Curves must be drawn with at least a No. 2
pen. If tapes are used, 1/32-inch-size tapes are required.
Lettering must be at least 10 points in height. Ordinate
and abscissa descriptive labels are in all capital letters
and are followed by a comma; units of measure in lower-
case letters. Callouts within the frame of the graph are
in all-capital letters except for chemical and mathematical
symbols.
B. Drawings: Lines should be No. "0" or thicker. All call-
outs are in all capital letters with the same exceptions
as noted for graphs. Illustrations should be kept simple
to assure legibility and uncomplicated reproduction.
Avoid using dot patterns and screens if the work is to be
reduced. If screens are used, they should be the lighter
shades. Avoid using any mass of black on any illustrations.
C. Halftones (Photographs): Captions for photos should be
typed on the proper text page. Indicate proper approval
and credit citations if illustrations are taken from
another source; i.e., "Courtesy of ." Do not
submit slides, overlays, or transparencies. Have callouts
(arrows) applied to isolate particular features of interest
when applicable.
Color illustrations should not be used unless absolutely
necessary. In such cases, when the report is to be
printed by EPA, approval for the use of color material
must be obtained before the manuscript is submitted for
printing. To accomplish this prior approval, a letter
justifying the use of color must be written to the EPA
Printing Officer requesting approval. Full specifications
and a "dummy" should be provided. Upon receipt of such
28
-------
approval, the manuscript is then submitted for printing,
along with a copy of the letter of approval. This
approval is necessary only when Government printing is
involved.
Black and white half-tone photographs should be submitted
as glossy prints to readily reproduce with good clarity.
Clearly identify on the reverse of the photo, the figure
number and page number on which the photo is to be used
as well as photo positions (indicate "top, bottom").
Do not paste photos on text, nor use staples or paper
clips. Submit all photos collectively in a separate
envelope, with all photos clearly identified. A photo
may be cropped to eliminate unwanted areas. These prints
should be mounted with crop marks indicated on the margin
of the mount.
Photographs shall be retouched as necessary to bring out
all parts in perfect clarity. Retouching includes
correcting tone values, sharpening details, and removing
undesirable portions of the illustration. Disturbing
background details are removed by airbrushing, using an
even tone that will keep the subject well separated from
the background.
D. Figure Titles: Titles are set with initial capital letter
on first word only, except for proper nouns and chemical
or mathematical symbols requiring capitals.
7. Tabulated data should be presented in a systematic style. When
data tables are formalized as specified below, titles of all
tables and their page number will be given in prefatory page,
List of Tables.
A. Proportion: Tables are to be composed, if possible,
in 6 x 8-1/2 inch proportion so that if reductions are
necessary, the table will reduce proportionally to the
same size as all the other pages.
B. Title: The title is centered above the table. The
word "Table" has an initial capital letter only. The
table number is followed by a period and two spaces.
The table title is typed in all capital letters, except
when alteration would change the meaning, e.g., chemical
and mathematical terms, and units of measure.
If data in a table are all in the same units, the units
should be designated in lowercase letters in parentheses
29
-------
centered beneath the title.
Table 1. COAL CONSUMPTION IN NORTH CAROLINA
(tons/year)
If an explanatory subtitle is needed, it should be typed
in capital-and-lowercase style under the main title.
C. Spacing: Double-space between title and table. Separate
the title and table with a double line. Scan information
in the table to determine the space needed for the
longest item, and plan the column width accordingly.
D. Headings: Build headings from the base line under the
heading requiring the most vertical space. Headings
are to be initial capital letter on first word only.
Units are to be set off with a comma and centered under
the column heading. Table style is shown as follows:
Center head-
ing
base line
Table 7 (continued). FIELD NOTES ON HORSES SAMPLED
no side lines
single line
Site
8
8
9
9
10
Horse
Bay mare
Bay mare
Roan mare
Bay gelding
Black and
white mare
Mane
color
Black
Black
Brown
Black
Black
Age,
yr
12
3
7-8
17-20
10
Time at
site,3 yr,
5
5-6
5-6
2-3 mo
Comments
Here in summer,
out in winter.
Always in corral,
eats home-grown
hay.
Stifled.
Eats hay from
Site 8.
a Years unless otherwise indicated.
E. Treatment of data: If the information in the tables
consists of words or phrases, use initial capital letter on
first word only. Type flush left. The second line of a
phrase in the left-hand column should be indented two
spaces.
When the item description in the left-hand column occupies
30
-------
two lines type tabular data In columns opposite the first
line.
If a table contains columns of numbers, type whole numbers
centered in the column, but flush right with respect to
each other. If the numbers are whole numbers and decimals,
line up with the decimal point. Put zeros in front of
decimal points for all numbers less than one.
F. Table footnotes: Designate footnotes in tables with
lowercase letters — a,b,c, etc., — after and superior to
data: 6,320.a Footnotes are typed flush left and may
extend the full width of the table. Single-space between
footnotes.
Equations and formula which require any special symbols,
positioning or brackets should be treated as figures and appear
on separate lines in the text. Do not use hand-lettered
notations, but normally have them prepared with other graphs as
a figure.
A. Short expressions; Short mathematical expressions or
equations can be treated as a part of the text when it is
convenient to do so, but the following suggestions should
be considered:
1. Do not break a short equation in text at the end of
a line. Space out the line so that the equation
will begin on the next line; or better, center the
equation on a line by itself (that is, display the
equation).
2. For convenience in line spacing, use the solidus
instead of the horizontal bar in fractions appearing
in text. This method requires only a single line
of type; for example,
I/(a + b) rather than 1
a + b
3. If short equations are numbered, display them,
regardless of length.
4. Center on the width of the page any single-line
equation that can be confined horizontally to one
line; allow at least one and a half lines above and
below the highest and lowest characters.
31
-------
B. Breaking an equation; The most appropriate method for
breaking an equation that is too long for one line
depends on the material involved, but the following
general rules should be considered:
1. Divide an equation or mathematical expression
before the equal sign if the left-hand and
right-hand members (that is, the characters to the
left and right of the equal sign) are not awkwardly
different in length.
= +
+ WyWx(
L r3 J
Iz - Iy) + WyHz - WzHy
/ 2 2 \ P ?
I Ixsin 6 - Iy + Izcos 6 ) (|>cos0 + — u^SlxCy + mx
2. Divide an equation or mathematical expression before
a plus or a minus sign if the left-hand and right-
hand members vary greatly in length.
y = a sin 2 nt + b cos Z nt + c sin 4 nt
+ d cos 4 nt + e sin 7 nt 4- cos 6 nt
3. Set flush on the left any equation that is too long
for one line, and set flush on the right the second
half of the equation; the two parts should balance
as nearly as possible.
4. Avoid breaking an equation within a pair of inclusion
signs (parentheses, brackets, or braces); if this
cannot be avoided, break before an operational sign.
[(m + 2) - 2(m + 4) a
- (m + Z) (m + 4) (a 1 + a2
+ [(m + 4) (m + 5) a l + Q
I (m + 5) ( a 3 - 1} [ (m + 3) (m + 4) a t «2
+ (m + 2) (m + 3)]
- (m + 2) (m + 5) ( a j + az)
+ (m + Z) (m + 3)] I = 0
32
-------
5. Before breaking an equation, check the material
before a sign of aggregation, an integral sign, or
a summation sign; the preceding material cannot
always be separated from the sign.
C. Equations in series: Align two or more equations in
series on the equal signs and center on the longest
equation in the group.
501. 5R£ + 556. 5R3 + 611. 5R4 + 664. 5R5
W
5,624, 322. 5 + 5,890,552. 5 + 6,292, 335 +6,591,685
D =
D =
55,430
24,398,895
55,430
D = 439. 958
D. Horizontal alignment; Align the following with the center
of the equal sign: the horizontal bar of a simple fraction
or a built-up fraction, a minus sign, and the horizontal
bar of a plus sign.
Align all subscripts and superscripts for a given line;
type all at one time to assure proper alignment.
E. Built-up fractions; For uniformity, if a built-up fraction
occurs in one part of an equation, build up all other
fractions in that line.
F. Enclosing mathematical expressions; Use parentheses,
brackets, and braces—in this order—to enclose a part of
a mathematical expression used as a unit, (Exceptions are
made to this order of introduction when special mathematical
meaning is indicated, such as matrices, functions, and
limits.) The referenced mathematical signs should be at
least the same height as the mathematical expressions that
they enclose. The integral and summation signs should be
slightly larger than the expressions that they introduce.
G. Numbering equations: Equations are to be numbered
consecutively with Arabic numerals in the order of their
33
-------
H.
presentation in the report. A single numbering sequence
is to be used throughout the report, to include the
appendixes. Do not begin a new sequence with new sections
or in appendixes.
The equation number is enclosed in parentheses and placed
at the right-hand margin, normally aligned with the last
line of the equation. If the equation is too long to
allow at least one half inch space before the equation
number, the number may be typed by itself on the next
line. Equations grouped by a brace are identified by a
single number, which is typed opposite the center point
of the brace.
Notation of symbols; When it is necessary to define
symbols used in an equation, the word "where" is placed
flush with the left margin at least one and one half inch
below the lowest character in the equation, and the first
definition is placed at least two spaces to the right on
the same line; the remaining entries are typed on
subsequent lines and are aligned according to the equal
sign.
D =~ P V2CdS
where D = drag, Ib
'
p = density, slugs/ft
V = velocity, ft/sec
= drag coefficient
S = reference area, f
Incorporate a bibliographic style that is consistent in style
and format. References are cited in the text by superscript
Arabic numbers, e.g., Jones and Smith,4 and may be carried at
the end of each chapter or at the end of the document.
References are numbered consecutively in text and are listed
in order of appearance in text. Preferred bibliographic style
is delineated on the following pages.
34
-------
A. Journal articles: (Journal articles entries should be in
the following order.)
(1) Author's last name, comma, initials, period. If more
than one author, regular initials and surname order for
those other than the first author. If several authors, use
comma before and; follow author entry with period.
(2) Title should be in upper- and lowercase style. Follow
with period. If title is in a foreign language, follow
with English title in brackets.
(3) Name of Journal* - City where journal is published
should be listed in parentheses after journal name if the
journal is foreign. Follow with period.
(4) Volume number of journal should be cited and under-
scored. If the issue number does not correspond with the
month of the year (e.g., May = 5), the issue number should
be listed in parentheses after the volume number. Follow
with a colon.
(5) Page Numbers — Immediate after colon, inclusive page
numbers are given. Separate them with hyphen. Follow with
a comma.
(6) Date — Give month and year without a separating
comma. Follow with a period.
Example;
Smith, E. A., R. A. Jones, and A. T. Brown. Effects of
Air Pollution on Painted Surfaces. Aust Chem Process
(Sidney). 22:17-21, January 1969.
Notes:
If any element is missing, order should be as above, but
without the missing entry.
B. Books:
(1) Author(s) name — same treatment as for journal articles.
Follow with period.
(2) Title — same treatment as for journal article titles.
Edition, follow with period.
*Abbreviations of the names of periodicals are to follow the style
as listed in the ACS Handbook for Authors, available from American
Chemical Society, 115 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
35
-------
(3) Place of Publication — use city name. Follow with comma.
(4) Name of Publisher. Follow with comma.
(5) Date, year. Follow with period.
(6) Pages cited — Whole book: 500 p.
Chapter: p. 321-347
Page: p. 336.
Example:
Smith, A. R. Air Pollution in Urban America. Chicago, U. of
Chicago Press, 1963. 316 p.
C. Part of Books or Proceedings:
(1) Author — same treatment as for journal article. Follow
with period.
(2) Title of article or Chapter. Follow with period.
(3) In: Book Title. Follow with comma.
(4) Follow with editor's last name, initials, and (ed.).
Follow with period.
(5) Place of Publication — use city name. Follow with comma.
(6) Name of Publisher. Follow with comma.
(7) Date, year. Follow with period.
(8) Pages -- p. 321-327 or 333. End with period.
Example;
Doe, J. C. Air Pollution from Stockyards. In: Air Pollution
in United States, Kiercynski, Y. Z. (ed.). Kansas City,
Livestock Publishers, Inc., 1962. p. 312-316.
D. Reports:
(1) Author — same treatment as for journal article.
(2) Title — same as for journal article. If no author,
start citation with title.
(3) Source — name of company, institution, or government
agency. If a contractor - sponsor relation exists, identify
the performing organization. Follow with period.
(4) Location of Publisher. Follow with period.
(5) Report Number. Follow with period.
(6) Issuing agency or (co)sponsoring organization which
issued report. Follow with a period.
(7) Date. Follow with period.
(8) Pages Cited or Total Pages. Follow with period.
36
-------
Example:
James, L. P., J. T. Frederick, and P. J. Williams. Air
Pollution Measurements by Various Orthodox Methods in
Certain Urban and Non-urban Locations at Specific Times.
Environmental Protection Agency, Raleigh, N.C. Publication
Number AP-485. July 1971. 185 p.
E. Reprints:
Same treatment as that for journal articles.
F. Preprints:
(1) Author — same treatment as others. Follow with period.
(2) Title — same treatment as others. Follow with period.
(3) Source or Author's Affiliation. Follow with period.
(4) Name of Meeting. Precede with parenthesis. Preface
name of meeting with statement of relation such as "Prepared
for" or "Presented at". Follow meeting name with period.
(5) Place of Meeting. City only. Follow with period.
(6) Date of Meeting. Exact date. Follow with period, then
parenthesis.
(7) Number of pages. Follow with period.
Example:
Smith, R. F. Air Pollution in River Basins. Riverview
University. (Presented at Annual River Basin Preservation
Society Meeting. Riverview Heights. June 5-9, 1972.) 4 p.
G. Laws or Regulations:
(1) Governmental Entity.
(2) Title of Act or Law, if there is a name.
(3) Associated Title, Act Number, Section Number, or
Paragraph identification.
(4) Place of Publication.
(5) Publisher.
(6) Date.
(7) Pages.
Example;
5 USC, Freedom of Information Act, Sec. 552 (b) (1967)
37
-------
10. Use the metric system of measurements. Because of traditional
practices in engineering as opposed to scientific fields, the
equivalent units in the British system (feet, acres, pounds,
etc.) may be given in parenthesis following the metric units in
the text of reports.
Use recognized abbreviations for units following a numerical
quantity. Do not use a period after abbreviations unless they
spell a word. For example: two commonly used units, in. and
gal., do require periods. Abbreviations must be consistent in
their use throughout the report including those on Figures and
Tables. Greek letter or other symbols must be typed or printed,
not handwritten.
The first usage of an abbreviation in the text should include
the written out form followed by the abbreviation in parenthesis.
When a report is so long or technical that more than five
abbreviations are involved, not including tabular data, headings,
or callouts on illustrations, then include a glossary of
abbreviations preceding any appendix(es).
11. For general editorial advice refer to the Government Printing Office
Style Manual. There are a number of widely recognized alternate
authorities. One example is: The Handbook for Authors of Papers
in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. These are
guides to grammatical usage, preferred spellings, and typing
of technical information. The Handbook should also be consulted
for the use of hyphens, italics, and numbers and mathematical
expressions.
Abbreviations, symbols, and units should conform to the style
and usage set forth in the Handbook. The International System
of Units should be used; however, in those few instances in
which ACS usage differs from international usage, ACS style
should be followed. Symbols for chemical elements, ions,
nuclides, and particles should conform to ACS style.
Whenever possible, use chemical names of pharmacological
compounds. When these names are unwieldy, generic names may
be used. Avoid use of trade names insofar as possible. Other
chemical nomenclature should conform to recommendations of the
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the
National Academy of Sciences, and respective ACS committees on
nomenclature.
38
-------
For advice on the preparation of reports in the bio-medical
sciences, consult the Style Manual for Biological Journals*
and leading journals, such as the American Journal of
Physiology, Journal of Bacteriology, and the New England
Journal of Medicine.
*Available from American Institute of Biological Sciences,
3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, B.C. 20016.
39
-------
V. RESPONSIBILITY CHECKLIST
It is essential that the responsibility of report preparation
be recognized by the grantee or contractor who originates a
final report. At the same time, it is essential that the
Project Officer and other EPA key personnel carry out their
responsibilities also, in order to eliminate unnecessary review
and change.
In order to summarize these responsibilities, the following
checklist shall be used during the processing of a final report.
*1. Contractor or Grantee - Prepare draft final report and
submit to Project Officer in required number of copies.
*2. Project Officer
a. Review draft final report to see that it conforms to
applicable final report specifications. Makes certain
title of report is 10 words or less.
b. Forward a copy of the draft report to the cognizant
Program Element Director (PED), or the cognizant
Program Element Manager (PEM) at Headquarters if there
is no PED, for review and approval.
*3. Program Element Director or Manager - Review draft final
report and prepare comments as requested by Project Officer
within 30 days of receipt of copy.
*4. Project Officer - Return draft to contractor/grantee with
approval to prepare deliverable document(s) with required
corrections as specified in contract/grant award.
5. Contractor or Grantee- Prepare reproducible final report
manuscript with other required deliverables and submit to
Project Officer.
6. Project Officer - Review final report manuscript for
compliance with corrections and if acceptable, 1) determine
the series; 2) secure a report number; and 3) enter it in
the upper right-hand corner of the title page of the final
manuscript. Forward manuscript to proper point for
preparation of covers and final printing of report. For cases
where a number of reports are to be delivered, these covers
may need to be preprinted as an EPA furnished item and
forwarded to the bindery for assembly with copies of text.
40
-------
7. Project Officer - In the event that a completed final report
manuscript is deemed unsatisfactory for regular publication
and distribution, the Project Officer is to obtain the
concurrence of the proper Program Element Director (or
other program authority) not to publish the report. Alternate
authority may be established to assist in this decision based
on limited interest, redundancy of results, possible
operational/administrative problems, etc. associated with the
project. In this event, the Project Officer shall prepare a
memorandum stating that the report shall not be published
but that it shall be forwarded to NTIS for limited accessibility.
In this case, he shall forward three (preferably the original
and two copies) copies of the report to the proper point for
submission to NTIS. These copies must be accompanied by a
completed NTIS Bibliographic Data Sheet or WRSIC Input
Transaction Form. In addition, he shall also forward a copy
to the EPA Library System.
NOTE: Steps 1 through 4 are omitted for Section 5 (Class I)
research grants to educational institutions.
41
-------
VI. SAMPLE PAGES
43
-------
EPA-R4-72 OOla
January 1972
Environmental Monitoring Series
REVIEWS OF CURRENT LITERATURE
ON ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY
AND QUALITY CONTROL
No. 4
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
-------
RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, have
been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further
development and application of environmental
technology. Elimination of traditional grouping
was consciously planned to foster technology
transfer and a maximum interface in related
fields. The five series are:
1. Environmental Health
2. Environmental Protec
3. Ecological Research,
4. Environmental Mon}
5. Socioeconomic E
This report has beenvas/signe
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES . )ser±
describes resea
environmenta1
other recover
s Research
hnology
aes
SOCIOECONOMIC
This series
Standard
paragraph
>for all
reports.
,. on the socideconomic impact of
Jems. T)iis,/eovers recycling and
^^ .opera tionsrxwith emphasis on
monetary incentives. Th£ .-non-scientific realms of
legal systems, cultural values, and business
systems/are v also involved. Because of their
interdisciplinary •- scope, system evaluations and
envijjQhpe^htal managjement reports are included in
Add specific
series
^description a
appropriate
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Research and
Monitoring, EPA, and approved for publication. Approval does
not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views
and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
^Standard
SAMPLE INSIDE FRONT COVER
-------
EPA-R2-73-005a
February 1973
WORKBOOK OF THERMAL PLUME PREDICTION
Volume I
Submerged Discharge
by
Mostafa A. Shirazi
Lorin R. Davis
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center
Corvallis, Oregon
Project 16130 FHH
Program Element 1B1032
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CORVALLIS, OREGON 97330
SAMPLE INTRAMURAL TITLE PAGE
-------
EPA-R4-73-001a
February 1973
REVIEWS OF CURRENT LITERATURE ON
ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY AND QUALITY CONTROL
No. 4
---~ r' r-
^, \f,\ \u)
A \vu\W
•:\ \ \ A i\ \
I'. \ • A l\ \
V\
By
John A. Doe
Analytical Methodology Information Center (AMIC)
Information Systems Section
Battelle Memorial Institute
505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201
Contract No. 68-01-0166
Project 16020 EKG
Program Element 1B1027
Project Officer
Dr. Cornelius I. Weber
Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Prepared for
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
Included only
>on reports not
printed by GPO
SAMPLE EXTRAMURAL TITLE PAGE
-------
ABSTRACT
This report presents the development and successful demonstration
of quantitative design methods for preliminary design of water
quality surveillance systems. It includes a comprehensive set of
quantitative design procedures in handbook form for use within
the existing capabilities of governmental water quality agencies.
The quantitative methods are intended for usein design of moni-
toring systems that satisfy an abatement oh^c\ive. Preliminary
design is that portion of the design proe^ssxtha\ deals solely
with the interface between the surveiHance\ systeaand the
monitored system, the river basin./^hexprel\miriar\ design
includes specification of statipj^-i^catrQns, ^ampiipfc frequencies,
and priorities. Incorporation ;pf,-suc,h prkctica\/^pigxneering
concerns as cost, reliability, arid 'mai^taindtol^rp/f and computeri-
zation of the procedurex^r^ recommended area^plror additional
development. /A -A
The methods are/b&se'd on a systems^approach, in which the
performance ^erf the^ total surveillance system is evaluated as
a whole. x^neV method for establishing sampling frequency is
developed,fb^|£d on a unl^Ue/i emulation of the sampling design
problem. \^M^ developm^ntXmcorporates a "macroscopic" concept
that limitX con^d^raVimi of time and space dimensions to scales
compatible w\&_anAytferview of the river basin. Data availability
remains a constraint of the method, even under the "macroscopic"
concept; methods are developed for estimation of required design
data.
The quantitative preliminary design methods are demonstrated to
function satisfactorily on the Wabash River Basin. It is con-
cluded that the methods incorporated in the User Handbook represent
an acceptable method for use by governmental water quality agencies
under the existing constraints.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number
16090 HOJ, Contract Number 68-01-0144, by the Raytheon Company,
Environmental Systems Center, under the (partial) sponsorship
of the Environmental Protection Agency. Work was completed as
of August 1972.
SAMPLE ABSTRACT PAGE
ii
-------
CONTENTS
Abstract
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgments
Sections
Conclusions
Recommendat
)f tifater Qualifcy Systems
Approach
Quantitative Methods
tion of Quantitative Methods
VIII Discussion
IX References
X List of Inventions
XI Glossary
XII Appendices
Page
ii
iv
v
vi
1
2
3
4
7
9
20
32
63
64
65
66
SAMPLE TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
-------
No.
1
2
3
4
5
FIGURES
General Systems Analysis Framework
Effect of Stream Segmentation
Typical Potato Chip Plant
Operating and Maintenance Costs
Stabilization Pond Capital Cost
Page
9
31
35
48
66
SAMPLE LIST OF FIGURES
iv
-------
No.
1
2
3
4
5
TABLES
Primary Treatment
Oxygen Uptake Determinations
Calculation of Average Oxygen Needs
Vacuum Filtration Studies
Effect of Time on Disinfection
Page
22
53
55
71
92
SAMPLE LIST OF TABLES
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The support of the Mayor of the City of Erie, Pennsylvania,
Honorable Louis J. Tullio, is acknowledged with sincere thanks.
Mr. Paul Cygan, Chief, Bureau of Sewers of Erie, provided
valuable assistance.
The construction and operation of the pilot plant, the bench
scale studies, analytical work and report preparation was
performed by a team from Hammermill Paper Company consisting
of Dr. R. W. Brown, Dr. C. W. Spalding, and Mr. R. M. Ludwig.
The EPA Region I personnel at Needham Heights, Massachusetts
supported the project through use of their STORET terminal
and contribution of their experience in surveillance.
SAMPLE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PAGE
Vi
-------
SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
Excessive infiltration into sewer lines displaces valuable
sewer capacity, increases collection system maintenance costs,
increases sewer plant operating costs and increases the
pollution in our streams and waterways.
A chemical blocking method employing acrylamjj>
currently being used to seal leaking sewej
limited by the sealantfs lack of strer
limitations.
Four epoxy-based sealants
developed in the reported
permanent repairs
Is is
ts success
e\ physical
The new sealant
inf iltration
dehydrati
^
Equipmen
cost about'
equipment f
new sealants?
s of
ail due
erratic
to repeated
sealants can be designed to
fisting equipment; however, existing
sealant can be modified to accept the
The new sealants do not significantly increase the cost of
sealing sewers since the major cost of sealing leaks is in
the mechanics of finding and sealing them, not in the cost
of the sealants used.
(Always page 1)
-------
SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
This program was Limited to the laboratory study and development,
and scaled-up testing, as described elsewhere in this report. It
was not within the scope of the program to fully develop the new
sealants through full-scale, long-term testing in sewers or under
the exact chemical, biological or physical conditions existent in
sewers. It is recommended, however, that su<^r\f\eld testing be
carried out.
In such a program, specially desd
generally described elsewhere^
and fabricated, utilized
designed as needed. ,'fs*\ \
.ended and
designed
and re-
Testing of the
equipment i
of repai
recommi
newly developed
t long-term evaluation
corporate such testing is
It shouldVbeTroted, \hjbwetfer, that by utilizing existent equip-
ment, prop^fyMno^if^red, the new sealants can be used now, and
their use ik retf^mended when 1) strength is needed to hold against
high head pressures, 2) flexibility is needed to allow for shifting
soils, 3) wide spaces or gaps need to be bridged, and 4) when
ambient external conditions alternate frequently between wet
and dry. It is suggested, however, that the new sealants be
applied only under conditions of low or no infiltration until
further testing can determine the effects of inflow on the
sealing and curing process.
-------
SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
Activities related to alleviating pollution of our groundwater
resources may be divided into two categories: (1) those activities
designed to stop pollution now taking place, and (2) those
activities to rehabilitate ground-water reservoirs which have
already become polluted. Although this project deals primarily
with rehabilitation, it is hoped that the costs of the remedial
measures presented and the real economic damage caused by such
pollution will stimulate considerably greater efforts by state
and federal agencies in the preventive category.
This project deals with the pollution of a
ground-water aquifer by the disposal of
first an unlined "evaporation" pit and
disposal well. Although the use
(which should be called seepage
states and some rules have be
disposal wells, still cons
because of the lack of
This report
pollution and th
tation steps
spread and
state stre
LOCATION
.shallow
through
faulty
pits
some
place
td enforcement.
urrence of such
itation. If rehabili-
lluted ground water will
the Red River, an inter-
The project is iikjfrfller County in the southwest corner of
Arkansas, see figure 1. The sources of the brine pollution are
a disposal pit and a disposal well located in the SW 1/4 of the
SE 1/4 of Section 14, Township 16S, Range 26W, which is about
2 1/2 miles southwest of the town of Garland City and 2 1/2
miles west of the Red River.
This particular polluted area occupies about one square mile and
affects the west half of that part of the alluvial floodplain on
the west side of the Red River. The flood plain is flat, productive
farmland, which lies 222 feet about sea level at the project area.
OBJECTIVE
The original objective of this project was to develop selective
pumping techniques whereby a fresh-water aquifer, which had become
-------
SECTION IX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
REFERENCES
Lemlich, R., "Questions and Answers on ... Foam Fractiona-
tion and Allied Techniques," Industrial and Engineering
Chemistry, 60, No. 10, pp 16-29 (1969).
Brunner, C. A., and Stephen, D. G., "Foam Fractionation,"
Industrial and ^Engineering Chemistry, 57, No. 5, pp 40-48
(1965).
Gibbs, J. W., Collected Works, Volume I, Longmans, Green,
and Company, New York (1928).
Sebba, F., "Organic Ion Flotation," NATURE, 188, No. 4752,
pp 736-737 (1960).
Rose, J. L., and Sebald, J. F., "Treatmenj
by Foam Fractionation," TAPPI, 51, No.,
ste Waters
321 (1968)
63
-------
SECTION X
LIST OF INVENTIONS
(If any Inventions have been reported, or publications,
or pending publications have been produced as a result
of the project, the titles, authors, journals, or
magazines and identifying numbers which will assist in
locating such information should be included in this
section.)
64
-------
SECTION XI
GLOSSARY
Adaption - Any change in an organism which increases its fitness
to the environment.
Autocatalytic Inhibitor - An inhibitor produced in the death phase
of microorganisms which when applied to fresh viable microorganisms
causes them to produce more of the inhibitor and induces death.
Autotrophic - Needing only inorganic compounds for nutrition.
Bacterial Reduction - A decrease in bacterial numbers.
Bactericide - An agent which kills bacteria.
jFlagella - Whip-like appendages used by
number for mobility.
Inhibitor - An agent which slow
bacteria.
Lysis - Dissolution of
Mutation - A sudd
transmissible v>
arising sudd.
microorganisms. A
to be permanent, seemingly
65
-------
SECTION XII
APPENDICES
A. Characterization of Stream Water Quality Data Base
B. Analysis of Federal-State Water Quality Standards
C. Derivation of Segment Priority Rating
D. Estimation of the Segment Priority
E. Derivation of Priority Measure for Samr
Page
93
115
127
137
141
66
-------
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
SHEET
1. Rep«t No.
EPA-R2-73-139
Leave Blank
3. Recipient's Accession No.
Leave Blank
4. Title and Subtitle
Magnesia-Base Wet Scrubbing of Pulverized-Coal-Generated Flue
Gas - Pilot Demonstration
5. Report Date
September 1970
6.
Leave Blank
7. Author(t) •'
W. Downs andJL
J. Kubasco
8. Performing Organization Kept.
No-(fill in)
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
The Babcock & Mil cox Company
Research and Development Division
Research Center
Alliance. Ohio 44601
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Leave Blank
11. Contract/Grant No.
CPA 22-69-162
12> Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
EPA, Air Pollution Control Office
Technical Center, Box 12055
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27709
13. Type of Report & Period
Covered
Final Report
14.
Leave Blank
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstracts
A project was conducted to demonstrate the adequacy of magnesia-base wet scrubbing to
remove essentially all of the participates and most of the sulfur dioxide from
pulverized coal furnaces. Side effects such as sulfate formation, NOX absorption, and
scrubber operability were to be determined. A wet scrubbing pilot plant, which con-
sisted of a venturi-type particulate scrubber, a venturi-type absorber, and a tray-
type absorber, was designed and constructed. Over 100 short-term tests were performed
to determine the most satisfactory operating conditions for each scrubber. The
results indicate that the magnesia-base wet scrubbing process is superior to other
wet processes known to be under development for abatement of jwj$\ participates and
S02 from coal-fired furnaces.
17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17o. Descriptors
*Scrubbers
Pulverized fuels
Combustion products
*Air pollution
Combustion products
*Air pollution control equi
Adsorption
*Adsorbents
Sulfur dioxide
Magnesium carbonates
ITb. IdentOier*/bpen*Ended Terms
*Air pollution control
*Waste gas recovery
Magnesia-base scrubbers
17c. COSATI Field/Group
7A, 13B
18. Availability Statement
I Leave Blank
19.. Security Class (This
Report)
UNCLASS1E1
21. No. of Pages
139
20. Security Class
UNCLASSIFIED
22. Price
Leave Blank
FORM NTIS-35 (REV. 3-72)
USCOMM-DC 40M9-P7I
-------
SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
/. Report No.
w
REHABILITATION OF A BRINE-POLLUTED AQUIFER,
5. R,-:>ortDf?
S.
n" Orgsn:zation
/. .\
A detailed investigation was made of
where a fresh-water aquifer has be
field brine through an "evapora
later a faulty disposal well
is one square mile, howeve
and will remain for
Red River. Detailed
tions of constitua
Several rehabi
pumping to the
are both techn
benefit-cost rati
noted) incident
d disposal of oil-
'then pit) and
"the brine pollution
4 1/2 square miles
ushed naturally into the
hanges in relative concentra-
hrough the aquifer.
rvaluated in detail, including controll
rwell disposal. None of the methods that
permissible show a positive-pub! ic
ed
Although real econoiHj^r'damage both present and future results from this
brine pollution, rehabilitation is not now economically justified. The
report emphasizes that greater effort is needed to prevent such pollution,
which not only affects ground-water resources but also affects water
quality in interstate streams. (Fryberger-Engineering Enterprises)
na. Descriptors *Ground-water, *Water pollution, *Pollution abatement, *Brine
disposal, Water pollution sources, Water pollution control, Water pollu-
tion effects, Path of pollutants, Aquifers, Saline water — freshwater
interfaces, Arkansas hydrology, Water chemistry, Water conservation,
Waste water disposal.
17b. Identifiers
*Aquifer rehabilitation, Red River, Disposal wells, Disposal pits.
17c. CO W RK Fit-Id & Group 0 5 B
If. Avaitjhititv
^ '(Report)
Seiyurity Cliff,
.tf?W0 ,'
il, Ho. of
Pages
22. Price
Send To:
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON. D. C. ZO24O
John S. Fryberqer
Engineering Enterprises
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Forms and Publications Center
Route 8, Box 116, Hwy. 7O, West
Raleigh, North Carolina 27612
Official Business
POSTAGE AND FKBS FAIP
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AOENCT
EPA-335
Special Fourth-Class Rate
Book
If your address is incorrect, please change on the above label;
tear off; and return to the above address.
If you do not desire to continue receiving this technical report
series, CHECK HERE Q ; tear off label, and return it to the
above address.
SAMPLE BACK COVER
------- |