United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Publication 9320.7-071 Solid Waste and July 1991 Emergency Response Descriptions of 22 Sites Proposed for the National Priorities List in July 1991 Office of Emergency and Remedial Response Hazardous Site Evaluation Division (OS-230) Intermittent Bulletin Volume 1, Number 1 This document consists of descriptions of the 22 sites proposed for the National Priorities List (NPL) in My 1991. The size of the site is generally indicated, based on information available at the time the site was scored using the Hazard Ranking System (HRS). The size may change as additional information is gathered on the sources and extent of contamination. Sites are arranged alphabetically by State (two-letter abbreviations) and by site name within the State. Also included as an addendum is a summary of the White Chemical Corp. site in Newark, New Jersey, proposed on May 9, 1991 (56FR 21460). CLEANING UP UNDER SUPERFUND The Superfund program is managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is authorized by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), enacted on December 11, 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), enacted on October 17, 1986. In October 1990, SARA was extended to September 30, 1994. The Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund set up by CERCLA as amended pays the costs not assumed by responsible parties for cleaning up hazardous waste sites or emergencies that threaten public health, welfare, or the environment; Superfund also pays for overseeing responsible parties conducting cleanup. Two types of responses may be taken when a hazardous substance is released (or threatens to be released) into the environment: Removal actions emergency-type responses to imminent threats. SARA limits these actions to 1 year and/or $2 million, with a waiver possible if the actions are consistent with remedial responses. Removal actions can be undertaken by the private parties responsible for the releases or by the Federal government using the Superfund. Remedial responses - actions intended to provide permanent solutions at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Remedial responses are generally longer-term and more expensive than removals. A Superfund-financed remedial response can be taken only if a site is on the NPL. EPA published the first NPL in September 1983. The list must be updated at least annually. EPA's goals for the Superfund program are to: Ensure that polluters pay to clean up the problems they created Work first on the worst problems at the worst sites, by making sites safe, making sites clean, and bringing new technology to bear on the problem ------- REMEDIAL RESPONSES The money for conducting a remedial response at a hazardous waste site (and a removal action, as well) can come from several sources: The individuals or companies responsible for the problems can clean up voluntarily with EPA or State supervision, or they can be forced to clean up by Federal or State legal action. A State or local government can choose to assume the responsibility to clean up without Federal dollars. Superfund can pay for the cleanup, then seek to recover the costs from the responsible party or parties. A remedial response, as denned by the National Contingency Plan (the Federal regulation by which Superfund is implemented), is an orderly process that generally involves the following steps: Take any measures needed to stabilize conditions, which might involve, for example, fencing the site or removing above-ground drums or bulk tanks. Undertake initial planning activities to scope out a strategy for collecting information and analyzing alternative cleanup approaches. Conduct a remedial investigation to characterize the type and extent of contamination at the site and to assess the risks posed by that contamination. Conduct a feasibility study to analyze various cleanup alternatives. The feasibility study is often conducted concurrently with the remedial investigation as one project. Typically, the two together take from 18 to 24 months to complete and cost approximately $1.3 million. Select the cleanup alternative that: Protects human health and the environment Complies with Federal and State requirements that are applicable or relevant and appropriate Uses permanent solutions and alternative treatment technologies or resource recovery technology to the maximum extent practicable Considers views of State and public - Is "cost effective" - that is, affords results proportional to the costs of the remedy Design the remedy. Typically, the design phase takes 6 to 12 months to complete and costs approximately $1.5 million. Implement the remedy, which might involve, for example, constructing facilities to treat ground water or removing contaminants to a safe disposal area away from the site. EPA expects the implementation (remedial action) phase to average out at about $25 million (plus any costs to operate and maintain the action) per site, and some remedial actions may take several years complete. The State government can participate in a remedial response under Superfund in one of two ways: * The State can take the lead role under a cooperative agreement, which is much like a grant in that Federal dollars are transferred to the State. The State then develops a workplan, schedule, and budget, contracts for any services it needs, and is responsible for making sure that all the conditions in the cooperative agreement are met. In contrast to a grant, EPA continues to be substantially involved and monitors the State's progress throughout the project. EPA can take the lead under a Superfund State Contract, with the State's role outlined. EPA, generally using contractor support, manages work early in the planning process. In the later design and implementation phases, contractors do the work under the supervision of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Under both arrangements, the State must share in the cost of the implementation phase of cleanup. CERCLA requires that EPA select the remedy. ------- x>EPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST CERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 DEL AMD FACILITY Los Angeles, California The Del Amo Facility occupies approximately 300 acres at Del Amo Boulevard and Vermont Avenue, 12 miles south of the center of the City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California. The site is bounded to the north by a residential neighborhood and to the west, north, and east by light industrial and commercial facilities. From 1943 through the mid-to-late 1960s, the Del Amo site was occupied by a large industrial facility that was built by the U.S. Government to produce synthetic rubber during World War II. The complex consisted of a styrene plant operated by Dow Chemical Co., a butadiene plant operated by Shell Oil Co., and a synthetic rubber plant operated by U.S. Rubber Co. and Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. The styrene process included ethylene production via propane cracking, ethylbenzene production from ethylene and benzene, and dehydrogenation of the ethylbenzene to produce styrene. The butadiene was manufactured from a petroleum-derived butylene mixture. The styrene and butadiene were then piped to the rubber plant, where they were mixed to produce synthetic rubber. Process wastestreams were directed into separator units within each facility. The sludge that settled out in the separator units was either transported off the site or disposed of in a waste disposal area in the southern portion of the Del Amo property. This 4-acre disposal area consisted of six unlined pits and three unlined evaporation ponds. The effluent from the separator units was discharged into a flood control channel approximately 0.5 mile east of the site. The three plants were shut down in the mid- to late-1960s, and the disposal pits and ponds were covered with soil. The Del Amo property was subsequently sold to developers. Currently, most of the site is occupied by light industrial and commercial facilities. The 4-acre former disposal area is a fenced-in vacant lot overgrown with weeds. In 1984, a contractor to GP Holdings, the current owner, found benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, and cadmium in the sludge-like wastes in the pits and ponds, and in underlying soils. Benzene and ethylbenzene were detected in soils at 50 feet below ground surface. Ground water beneath the Del Amo site is at approximately 60 feet below ground surface, and soils are permeable. These conditions facilitate movement of contaminants, thus threatening the drinking water supplied to 34,000 people by municipal wells within 4 miles of the site, the nearest within 2 miles of the site. Because some portions of the former disposal area are inadequately covered, contaminants can be released into the air. An estimated 17,600 people live within 1 mile of the site. Supertund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental RmponM. CompenHCon. and Liability Ad (C£RO_A) at amenoeo Revised ------- xvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington, DC 20460 STOKER CO. Imperial, California Stoker Co. operates at 3390 Dogwood Road in a sparsely populated agricultural area in Imperial, Imperial County, California. The company has been an aerial pesticide applicator and pest control supplier since 1966 and in 1990 employed 45 people. A canal that runs along the southern and eastern borders of the airstrip delivers water to a residence less than 80 feet from the site, wetlands, and a commercial fishery. The wetland is located along the entire length of the airstrip and provides habitat for four endangered or threatened species. The fishery produces catfish for human consumption and is located 0.25 mile from the site. Wash waters from the cleaning of pesticide application equipment are sprayed onto a 20-acre land treatment area on-site consisting of a dirt road and landing strip. Occasionally rinse waters from the rinsing of hoppers in the aircraft and pesticide containers were also sprayed on this area. The disposal of wash waters is permitted under Waste Discharge Requirements issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) in October 1974 and June 1988. Under this permit, Stoker is required to sample the unsaturated zone and ground water beneath the site. The requirements indicate that approximately 300 gallons of pesticide rinsewater per day were disposed of in the land treatment area in the 1970s, dropping to approximately 100 gallons per day sometime prior to 1988. In 1989, Stoker submitted a closure plan for the land treatment unit to CRWQCB and indicated that it would cease spraying wash waters on-site. Stoker later reconsidered and continues to spray wash waters on-site. The site first came to the attention of local authorities in May 1988 when birds and fish were killed in a pond in a nearby residence. The California Department of Fish and Game and the Department of Food and Agriculture determined that the fish tissue was contaminated by several pesticides. The pond was subsequently closed. Shortly after the fish were killed, a warehouse containing pesticide supplies burned to the ground. The company subsequ removed 300 tons of contaminated soil to a landfill regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery AS Also on the site is an area where empty pesticide bags and boxes were burned. In December 1988, EPA sampled on-site soil, the nearby canal, and the pond. Analyses identified several pesticides, including dacthal, diazinon, chlorpyriphos, and mevinphos, in the canal. Sediment and air samples EPA collected in 1989 indicated pesticides had been released to the air and nearby wetland. Approximately 130 people live within 1 mile of the site. The plant's 45 employees are exposed to contaminated soil. A family that formerly lived on a portion of the property moved due to the contamination. Although the site is located in an agricultural area where pesticides are widely used, the levels in air, surface water, sediment, and soil samples significantly exceed background concentrations. Due to the poor quality of ground water and surface water in the area, most people rely on bottled water for their drinking water. Supertund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CEJMXA) as amended Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington, DC 20460 WESTMINSTER TRACT #2633 Westminster, California Westminster Tract #2633 encompasses 23 acres of a residential area near the intersection of Sowell Avenue and Golden West Street, north of the San Diego Freeway in Westminster, Orange County, California. From the 1930s through the 1950s, portions of the site, originally known as the Murdy Dairy Farm, were used for disposal of sulfuric acid sludge and oil refinery wastes in unlined surface impoundments. The sources and quantities of these wastes are unknown. During the late 1950s, Hintz Development Corp. purchased the site to develop a housing tract. When development began, a "tar sump" containing wastes once stored on-site was discovered. Hintz Development excavated the wastes and placed them into three unlined redisposal trenches also located on-site. After the tract had been built, residents living in houses near the suspected locations of the redisposal trenches complained of black tar-like seeps in backyards, foul odors, and damage to fences, lawns, and patios due to unusual settling of the ground surface. In 1986, a resident reported that a black tarry material was oozing through cracks from the sides of her pool. The waste material is apparently gradually moving upward through the soil column from the redisposal trenches, especially at higher temperatures. Additionally, construction of the houses has disturbed the soils underlying the site, further encouraging the upward movement of the wastes. Investigations conducted by the California Department of Health Services (DHS) in 1986-87 revealed extensive contamination at the Westminster site. DHS determined that the waste seeps and some soil samples contained various organic compounds, including benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, fluorine, naphthalene, and phenanthrene, as well as low levels of lead. The seeps were highly acidic (pH 1.8 to 2.1). Ground water beneath the Westminster site is as shallow as 7 feet below ground surface. Toluene and ethylbenzene have been detected in ground water collected from this upper aquifer. A lower aquifer is approximately 130 feet below ground surface. Possible interconnection between the two aquifers is not known. Within 4 miles of the site, the lower aquifer provides drinking water to an estimated 67,600 people. The closest well is less than one-quarter mile from the site. During 1987-89, DHS excavated materials seeping to the surface in the backyards of several residences. In February 1990, DHS completed a Phase I remedial investigation, further characterizing the extent of wastes in the three redisposal trenches. EPA investigated the Westminster site in 1989. The investigation included a historical photographic interpretation of the facility and sampling of wastes, soil, ground water, surface water, and air. EPA verified that the waste seeps are migrating to the surface from the redisposal trenches, and that soils are contaminated with various organics and lead. In addition, contaminant migration into a nearby flood control channel was photographically documented. Seal Beach Natural Wildlife Refuge, within 4 miles of the site, includes wetlands and is an important habitat for two endangered species. Commercial fishing occurs in the Pacific Ocean within 10 miles of the refuge. Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Ad (CERCU) as amended Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 BROWARD COUNTY - 21ST MANOR DUMF Fort Lauderdale, Florida The Broward County School Board formerly deposited municipal wastes in a 4.5-acre open dump in a residential neighborhood of Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, Florida. The area has been filled to grade, and 21st Manor runs through the middle. The school board owned the site, located on the southern portion of the Meadowbrook Elementary School property, and operated it from the 1950s to the late 1960s, when it was closed by the Broward County Health Department. The school board kept no records of the types and quantities of wastes deposited. Unauthorized parties also deposited wastes at the site. Investigations of the site since early 1987 by the Broward County Public Health Unit, Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, and EPA found chromium, lead, and zinc on-site in monitoring wells, trichloroethylene off-site in two private wells, and 1,2-dichloroethane off-site in Well #18 of Fort Lauderdale's South Dixie Wellfield. The well has been taken out of service. An estimated 166,700 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 4 miles of the site, the nearest a private well within less than one-quarter mile of the site. The Biscayne Aquifer, the sole source of drinking water in southeast Florida, is comprised primarily of permeable sand and limestone in Broward County. Ground water is shallow (9-10 feet). These conditions facilitate migration of contaminants in ground water. In March 1989, EPA found DDE, DDD, dieldrin, toluene, lead, chromium, and zinc in surface and subsurface soils on the site. Over 400 students attend Meadowbrook Elementary School. An estimated 13,000 people live within 1 mile of the site. Superfund hazardous waste she listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended Revised ------- s>EPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OERR Hazaraous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 PEARL HARBOR NAVAL COMPLEX Pearl Harbor, Hawaii The Pearl Harbor Naval Complex occupies at least 6,300 acres in Pearl Harbor on the Island of Oahu, Honolulu County, Hawaii. Land around the complex supports agriculture, aquaculture, industry, urban, and commercial uses. The complex consists of six facilities: Naval Shipyard, Naval Supply Center, Naval Station, Submarine Base, Public Works Center, and Inactive Ships. The Pearl Harbor Naval Complex began operation in 1901 when the Navy received an appropriation to acquire land for a naval station. After the attack by the Japanese on December 7, 1941, industrial activity at the complex skyrocketed, reaching 24,000 civilians by mid-1943. After World War II, activity declined and has fluctuated with the Navy's requirements. The Pearl Harbor Naval Complex is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP), established in 1978. Under IRP, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous .materials. In 1983, the Navy identified 30 potential hazardous waste sources within the six facilities. Subsequently, an additional source was identified. The 31 sources include unlined landfills, pesticide disposal pits, chromic acid disposal areas, PCB disposal areas, mercury-contaminated harbor sediments, leaking underground solvent tanks, waste oil facilities, and numerous other types of sources resulting from industrial activities at the complex. Six of the sources were initially evaluated based primarily on toxicity of contaminants present, availability of waste quantity information, sampling results, affected populations, and a documented release of a hazardous substance. Many investigations have found hazardous substances including mercury, chromium, PCBs, pesticides, trichloroethylene, trans- 1,2-dichloroethylene, and other volatile organic compounds in soil in the six areas, thus exposing workers on the site (less than 100) to potential contamination. (Many of these chemicals have also been found at the remaining 25 areas identified to date.) Tetrachloroethylene was found 15.2 feet below ground surface in one area. Soils beneath the site are permeable, facilitating movement of contaminants into ground water. Approximately 110,700 people obtain drinking water from wells within 2 miles of the six sources. In 1988, the Navy detected bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in sediment samples taken from a National Wildlife Refuge that borders on an abandoned Navy landfill. The refuge contains habitat for four Federally endangered species, as well as wetlands. Pearl Harbor and nearby portions of the Pacific Ocean contain recreational and commercial fisheries, habitat for endangered species, wetlands, and water-contact recreation areas. The volatile organic compounds in on-site soil also create a potential for gases to be released to the atmosphere. Supeflurx) hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Retpont*, CwnpwiMDon. and Liability Ad (CERCLA) at aiwoec Revised ------- &EPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 OTTAWA RADIATION AREAS Ottawa, Illinois The Ottawa Radiation Areas site consists of 14 radioactively contaminated areas in or near Ottawa, LaSalle County, in north central Illinois. The 14 areas, many in residential neighborhoods, are within 3 miles of each other and cover approximately 25-35 acres. They are being proposed as one site because they involve the same wastes, potentially responsible parties, and media. The contamination probably originated from processing wastes and demolition debris from two companies that once operated within four blocks of each other near the center of Ottawa Radium Dial Co. during 1918-36 and Luminous Processes, Inc. (LPI) during 1937-78. Both companies used radium-based paint to produce luminous dials for clocks and watches. In 1969, the building that housed Radium Dial was demolished and removed to an unknown location. During 1985, the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety (IDNS) dismantled the LPI building and shipped the radioactive materials to a U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) facility in Hanford, Washington. In 1986, contaminated soil surrounding the building was sent to Hanford. This area is not included in the site. During cleanup of the LPI building, which cost $4 million, IDNS learned that radioactive wastes from the two companies had been used as fill materials in the Ottawa area. Subsequent radiation surveys by IDNS, USDOE, and EPA identified the 14 areas that comprise the Ottawa Radiation Areas site. EPA tests found that radium-contaminated soils were present at both the surface and at depths of up to 8 feet in some areas and that access to many of the areas was unrestricted. EPA also screened 62 buildings for radon, identifying 4 that required immediate action. Both the State and EPA have taken action at the site. In 1986, the State removed contaminated soil near homes in one of areas and purchased a home in another area. Using CERCLA emergency funds, EPA installed radon reduction systems in contaminated homes and one business in 1988; in 1990, EPA moved a third home to an uncontaminated property owned by resident. One of the 14 contaminated areas is the old Ottawa City Landfill, portions of which are now occupied by two businesses. Soil and sediment samples collected from the landfill in November 1989 by EPA contain elevated levels of three radioactive metals (radium-226, lead-214, and bismuth-214). Homes of approximately 50 people are built on radioactively contaminated soil; an additional 84 people are potentially exposed during recreational activities. Supertund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CEflCLA) as amended Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. PC 20460 NATIONAL ELECTRIC COIL CO./COOPER INDUSTRIES Dayhoit, Kentucky The National Electric Coil Co./Cooper Industries site covers 3.5 acres on "Old Route 119" adjacent to the Cumberland River in Dayhoit, Harlan County, Kentucky. The surrounding area is generally sparsely populated, although several residences are adjacent to the facility, which has approximately 20 workers. In 1951, National Electric Coil Co. began operating the facility under the ownership of McGraw-Edison Co. In 1985, Cooper Industries of Houston, Texas, acquired the facility and property when it took over McGraw-Edison. In 1987, the facility and property were sold to Treen Land Co. Currently, both are leased to National Electric Services, Inc. Activities at this facility included rebuilding electric motors and transformers used in the coal mining industry. During 1951-87, National Electric Coil cleaned the equipment in a 4,000-gaIlon vat of trichloroethylene (TCE) prior to servicing, according to EPA. Periodically, the vat was cleaned, and the liquid solvent and oils were allowed to flow overland and/or through a drainage system to the Cumberland River. Sludge from the vat was disposed of along the river bank. Also, PCB-laden oil was drained from transformers on-site and allowed to flow through a piping system to the river. Waste generated by an unvented lead furnace on-site was disposed of in unregulated landfills in the area. In February 1989, the Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection (KDEP) detected dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride in several nearby residential/community wells. Users of the wells were then provided with municipal water. In subsequent investigations by EPA, Cooper Industries, and Treen Land Co., the same two chemicals, as well as TCE, methylene chloride, and PCBs, were detected on-site in ground water and soil and off-site (except for vinyl chloride) in soil. Vinyl chloride and DCE were detected in off-site ground water. An estimated 1,750 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 4 miles of the site, the nearest a contaminated private well within 300 feet of the site. Superfund hazardous waste site feted under (he Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Uabily Act (CERCLA) as amenoeo Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 NATIONAL SOUTHWIRE ALUMINUM CO. Hawesville, Kentucky National Southwire Aluminum (NSA) Co., a division of Southwire of Carrollton, Georgia, began aluminum reduction operations in 1969 on a 1,100-acre site at the intersection of Kentucky Highways 271 and 334 in a rural section of Hancock County near Hawesville, Kentucky. Two clay-lined ponds, each covering 5 to 7 acres, were constructed for disposal of spent pot linings from the aluminum reduction process (North Pond) and calcium fluoride slurry from the air quality control system (North and South Ponds). NSA closed the North Pond and covered it with a synthetic cap and a layer of soil after the Kentucky Division of Waste Management conducted a preliminary assessment in 1986. Currently, the pond is densely vegetated. The South Pond has been filled to capacity, and its use ceased in 1989. A third, synthetically-lined pond, designated as the New Pond, is now used for disposal of the calcium fluoride slurry. In 1979, NSA determined that leaching was occurring beneath the North Pond. Cyanide, which is produced in the aluminum reduction process and which is present in the potliners, and fluoride were found in ground water in the area of the disposal ponds. In 1985, NSA found cyanide in one of its three production wells. At that time, the wells were providing drinking water to more than 1,000 employees; the wells were subsequently taken out of service. Other wells that draw from the Ohio River alluvial aquifer within 4 miles of NSA currently serve approximately 16,000 people. In November 1989, EPA detected significant concentrations of cyanide, arsenic, lead, and nickel in on-site ground water and sediments in the plant's effluent ditch, which flows along the west border of the plant, alongside the disposal ponds, and into the Ohio River. NSA currently operates under a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. Since 1987, EPA has d^H NSA twice for exceeding permit limits: in August 1987 for exceeding total residual chlorine and in November 1990 for exceedHp total recoverable zinc in storm water. Supertund hazardous waste sit9 listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended Revised ------- &EPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OERR Hazardous Sile Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 CLEBURN STREET WELL Grand Island, Nebraska The Clebura Street Well is a contaminated municipal water supply well located at the intersection of Cleburn and North Front Streets in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska. Tests conducted in 1986 by the Nebraska Department of Health (NDOH) detected tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in the well, which has been disconnected from the municipal water supply. Subsequent tests by NDOH and EPA have repeatedly shown traces of PCE in other Grand Island municipal wells. The municipal system, which consists of 12 wells within the city limits and 12 wells in the Platte River Island Well Field southeast of the city, serves 38,500 people. Another 1,100 residents not served by the system draw water from shallow private wells. Food and forage crops are irrigated by 333 wells within 4 miles of the Clebura Street Well. A soil-gas investigation conducted in September 1988 by EPA detected PCE in three areas. Four potential sources may be associated with these areas: Nebraska Solvent Co. and three dry cleaners -- One Hour Martinizing Dry Cleaner, Ideal Cleaners, and Liberty Cleaners & Shirt Launderers. The four have used or stored chlorinated solvents in their operations. EPA continues to search for additional sources of the PCE contamination of the Clebum Street Well. Supertund hazardous waste sue luted under the Conprehansiw Environmental Response, Compensation, and Lability Act (C£RGLA) at a/nenoec Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 SHERWOOD MEDICAL CM Norfolk, Nebraska Sherwood Medical Co., a subsidiary of American Home Products Corp., has manufactured disposable medical supplies since 1962 at a plant on Highway 81 located 1.5 miles south of Norfolk, Madison County, Nebraska. The plant covers 115 acres and is in an area with agricultural, residential, and commercial, development. As now defined, the site encompasses 160 acres, including the plant property and nearby wells contaminated with volatile organic compounds. Oa the Sherwood plant is an unlined pond where, according to the company, treated and untreated waste water has been discharged since 1963. In 1988, EPA detected 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), 1,1,1-tnchloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), 1,1- dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in the discharges. From 1973 to 1986, floor drains from two plant areas where 1,1,1-TCA was used for cleaning plastic injection molds were connected to a septic system that included a 2,000- gallon buried tank, concrete settling basin, leach fields, and connecting piping. In 1989, liquids and. solids from the tank and settling basin contained the contaminants listed above. EPA's investigation indicated another area where drums of waste solvents may have been buried. The Nebraska Department of Health and EPA sampled local wells several times from October 1987 to January 1989. Trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1-DCE, 1,1-DCA, and PCE were found in Sherwood Well #5 (used for industrial purposes) and in the main well providing drinking water to Park Mobile Home Court (PMHC). An estimated 5,900 people currently obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 4 miles of the site. Wells within 3 miles irrigate 1,580 acres of land used primarily to grow corn for livestock consumption. Two EPA soil gas surveys conducted in July 1988 and January 1989 indicate that contamination is moving north/northwest, in the direction of ground water flow, into PMHC's main well and backup wells. Using CERCLA emergency funds, EPA supplied bottled water to PMHC during February 1988. EPA then installed a car treatment system on the PMHC water system, ending the need for bottled water. In September 1989, Sherwood connected PMH to an uncontaminated well on its property. Supertund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Ad (CERCLA) as amended Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 NEW HAMPSHIRE PLATING CO. Merrimack, New Hampshire New Hampshire Plating Co. (NHPC) formerly conducted electroplating operations on a 13.1-acre leased property on Wright Avenue in Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire. The surrounding area is primarily used for light industrial and commercial purposes, with some residential areas nearby. During the lifetime of the plant (1962-85), NHPC discharged electroplating waste water and wastes into a system of four natural lagoons in a wetland on the property. The lagoons were unlined and had no leachate detection or collection system. In 1980, NHPC notified EPA that it was a hazardous waste disposal facility under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). An inspection by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NH DES) and EPA in April 1982 noted several RCRA violations. As a result, the New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services issued a Notice of Violations and Order of Abatement to NHPC. In February 1983, the State of New Hampshire filed a civil suit against NHPC, and was awarded a $600,000 attachment of property. NHPC halted operations in 1985 because it lacked the financial resources necessary to meet compliance standards and continue hydrogeologic investigations at the property. In June 1987, a contractor for NH DES treated the lagoon system with lime and a sodium hypochlorite solution, removed debris, drums, and plating tank liquids to a regulated disposal facility, and conducted a superficial cleaning of the manufacturing building. In 1990, EPA used emergency funds to solidify the contaminated sludge and soil at the property. At least 12 hazardous materials are present in the lagoon system, according to sampling conducted by NH DES and EPA in 1987- 90. Among the materials are trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, heavy metals (including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead), and cyanide. NH DES and EPA detected many of these materials in 1987-88 in on-site monitoring wells. Approximately 39,000 people obtain their drinking water from wells within 4 miles of the site, the closest a private well within 0.65 mile. Shallow ground water beneath the site flows to the east toward the Merrimack River and to the south toward Horseshoe Pond, both within 1,000 feet of the site. This site is being proposed for the NPL because the owner has demonstrated inability to finance appropriate remedial action. Thus, the site satisfies a component of EPA's NPL/RCRA policy. Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and lability Act (CERCLA) as amended Revised ------- &EPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 LI TUNGSTEN CORP. Glen Cove, New York The Li Tungsten Corp. site covers approximately 20 acres at the intersection of Herb Hill Road, Dickson Lane, and Garvies Point Road in an industrial area along the north bank of Glen Cove Creek in Glen Cove, Nassau County, New York. From the 1940s to the early 1980s, tungsten ores imported from around the world were smelted at the facility to produce tungsten carbide powder, tungsten wire, and welding rods. The facility was owned and operated by Wah Chang Smelting and Refining Co. of America, Inc., and was later operated by its wholly owned subsidiary, Li Tungsten Corp. Glen Cove Development Co. (GCDC) purchased the property in November 1984 to develop it as a residential area. In June 1985, Li Tungsten ceased operations and filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the Federal bankruptcy code. In early 1988, a consultant to GCDC took the following actions at the site: (1) inspected 50 tanks to determine whether they were secure against rupture or leakage; (2) sampled, drained, drummed, and disposed of the contents of two tanks determined not to be secure; (3) packed identifiable laboratory chemicals and disposed of them; (4) over-packed and/or staged 108 drums containing acids, organics, and waste oil to a secure area at the site, and subsequently disposed of them; (5) inventoried, sampled, and removed pressurized gas cylinders; (6) removed approximately one tank truck of anhydrous ammonia from the facility; and (7) established 24-hour security. The consultant also sampled 10 existing monitoring wells and installed 13 new wells. Analyses of samples from these wells identified four plumes of contaminated ground water in the Upper Glacial Aquifer. Not all plumes are associated with Li Tungsten. One plume, around Mud Pond, contains waste processing water and heavy metals. Chlorides, sulfates, lead, cadmium, tungsten, chromium, arsenic, barium, silver, and PCBs are present in monitoring wells in this area, according to testa conducted in 1988. Materials leaking from the pond have scarred the surface in this area. An estimated 51,500 people obMHi drinking water from public and private wells within 4 miles of the site, the nearest within 1.2 miles. In March 1989, the New York State Department of Environmental Control (NYSDEC) found that many problems still existed at the site: (1) approximately 100 drums holding liquid chemicals tentatively identified as containing cyanide, acids, and alkalis; (2) numerous storage tanks containing unknown quantities of liquid chemicals; (3) approximately 26 pressurized cylinders containing chemicals; (4) approximately 12 transformers, some leaking and suspected to contain PCBs; (5) waste piles with elevated radiation levels, believed due to radium, thorium, and uranium resulting from the tungsten refining process; (6) tungsten ore stored in wooden crates and drums, some broken; and (7) asbestos fibers from decaying tank covers and pipe-wrapping materials. On July 21, 1989, EPA filed an Administrative Order on Consent under CERCLA Section 106(a) requiring GCDC to undertake certain initial cleanup actions at the site. In response, the company removed the drums, the contents of the tanks, the laboratory chemicals, and electrical transformers. Following GCDC's activities, EPA inspected the site during March - May 1990. Supertund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Ad (CERCLA) as amended Revised ------- UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPI OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 CROSSLEY FARM Hereford Township, Pennsylvania The Crossley Farm site covers approximately 24 acres along Huffs Church Road in Hereford Township in a rural part of Berks County, Pennsylvania. The site is on top of Blackhead Hill and consists of several excavations. Between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s, an estimated 300 drums (possibly more) containing mostly liquid waste were obtained from the local plant of Bally Case and Cooler Co. and were disposed in a pit on the Crossley Farm property. Some drums were described as having a characteristic "solvent" odor. A 1989 report by a Bally contractor indicates the company used trichloroethylene (TCE) as a degreaser until 1973. EPA has received many allegations from nearby residents that waste had been disposed on the Crossley Farm. In September 1983, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PA DER) detected elevated levels of TCE and tetrachloroethylene in residential wells downgradient of the Crossley Farm site. Additional sampling by PA DER and EPA in November 1983 confirmed TCE contamination. PA DER issued a health advisory regarding use of the contaminated wells, and the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency provided a temporary water supply. In response to more citizen complaints, EPA conducted additional sampling that confirmed the contamination. In the spring of 1987, EPA started a regional hydrogeologic study that included construction and sampling of 21 monitoring wells and a soil gas survey. The study identified a large plume of TCE-con lamina ted ground water, with the source near the crest of Blackhead Hill. The plume continues to spread and affect more private wells. EPA has used CERCLA emergency funds to install carbon filtration units on 11 wells. An estimated 4,800 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells and springs within 4 miles of the site, the nearest a private contaminated well at 0.1 mile. Superlund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Ad (CERCLA) as arwoec Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington, DC 20460 RODALE MANUFACTURING CO., INC. Emmaus Borough, Pennsylvania Rodale Manufacturing Co., Inc., formerly produced electrical wiring devices at a 4,000-square foot, U-shaped building at Sixth and Minor Streets in the Borough of Emmaus, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. The plant is surrounded by industrial and residential areas. Rodale operated the plant from the 1930s to 1975, when Square D Co. assumed control, manufacturing wiring devices as well as electrical connectors. Operations ceased in February 1986. According to Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PA DER) files, electroplating waste and rinse waters were disposed of in three on-site wells from at least 1961 until 1967. Well No. 1 is 452 feet deep and cased to 444 feet. Electroplating wastes and solvents were disposed in the well from 1952 until approximately 1967, according to a 1988 study by a Square D contractor. A brick cistern measuring 8 by 8 by 12 feet apparently served as a runnel to the well. Well No. 2, 251 feet deep and cased to 50 feet, was used for disposal of trichloroethylene (TCE), other wastes, and possibly cyanide wastes. Well No. 3, 426 feet deep and cased to 400 feet, was used for disposal of TCE, oil, possibly cyanide wastes, and sodium phosphate cleaner. In 1981, a Square D contractor removed wastes from three wells and transported the materials to hazardous waste facilities regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, and silver, which are typically found in electroplating wastes, and TCE were detected in on-site wells and nearby monitoring wells in 1981 and 1989 by Square D contractors and in 1989 by EPA. There is a general TCE problem in Emmaus Borough. Since 1981, seven wells of the Emmaus Municipal Water Works have shown varying levels^i TCE. Borough Well No. 5 was taken out of service in 1981 and was abandoned in December 1988 because of I^H contamination. In October 1990, the Borough of Emmaus installed air strippers on three wells. The borough continues^ monitor its wells for TCE. An estimated 21,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells and springs within 4 miles of the site, the closest a borough well within 0.5 mile of the site. Evidence suggests that Rodale is contributing to the TCE in at least two wells. PA DER has conditionally approved a site investigation workplan calling for studying soil and ground water contamination, aquifer testing, temporary ground water pumping and treatment and, if warranted, design of a ground water pumping and treatment system and a soil cleanup plan. Work is scheduled to begin in June 1991. Supertund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and liability Ad (CERCLA) as amended Revised ------- &EPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL OERR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 WEST KINGSTON TOWN DUMP/URI DISPOSAL AREA South Kingstown, Rhode Island The West Kingston Town Dump and the University of Rhode Island (URI) Disposal Area occupy separate adjacent properties on Plains Road in South Kingstown, Washington County, Rhode Island. The West Kingston Town Dump, which comprises the southern portion of the site, is east of Plains Road, 0.4 mile north of the URI campus. The area has been referred to in the past as the "South Kingstown Landfill #2" and the "West Kingston Landfill." From 1951 to 1978, the Town of South Kingstown operated the solid waste dump on approximately 6.5 acres that had been part of a sand and gravel quarry since the 1930s. In the early 1950s, the Town of Narragansett and URI also began using the area for solid waste disposal. The dump's operations were unregulated until a Rhode Island Department of Health (RI DOH) inspection in 1967 noted that wastes accepted at the dump came from industrial, residential, commercial, and institutional sources. Numerous operational violations were subsequently noted. In 1975, a study by the URI Department of Civil Engineering and the Rhode Island Water Resources Board concluded that a leachate plume beneath the landfill was contaminating ground water as far as 1,200 feet to the west of the dump. The 12-acre URI Disposal Area, which abuts the West Kingston Dump on the north, has also been referred to as the "URI Gravel Bank" or the "Sherman Farm." URI used the area for solid waste disposal from 1945 to 1987. When the town dump closed in 1978, the area began to receive most of URI's wastes, including small quantities of empty paint cans, oil containers, and pesticide containers. An inspection in 1987 by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management {RI DEM) found lab equipment, machinery, closed drums, and old tanks buried on the site. In 1983-84, URI operated a transfer station on the property. In November 1987, RI DEM instructed URI to remove exposed waste from the disposal areas. By December 1987, URI had removed 159 tons of materials and transported them to regulated waste disposal facilities. The most recent RI DEM inspections hi September 1988 and January 1989 noted that URI was still dumping solid waste, including lab equipment, concrete scraps, and partially filled drums. In the fall of 1987, RI DOH detected 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, and 1,1- dichloroethane in private wells near the site. Analysis of surface water subsequently collected from the pond on-site detected some of the same volatile organic compounds. In September 1989, EPA's analysis of samples from on-site monitoring wells detected various organic and inorganic chemicals, including lead. Three major public wells within 4 miles supply drinking water to approximately 15,800 persons. An additional 12,000 persons are supplied by private wells, the closest approximately 1,000 feet to the northwest of the site. Three other private wells, located approximately 875 feet to the west, were closed in 1988 due to contamination by volatile organic compounds. The site is located along the eastern side of the Chipuxet River valley drainage basin. Hundred Acre Pond, part of the river, is approximately 1,500 feet west of the site. The river basin is a major ground water resource. Supertund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Ad (CERCLA) as amended Revised ------- oEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OERR Hazaroous Site Evaluation Division Washington. DC 20460 ANNIE CREEK MINE TAILING! Lead, South Dakota The Annie Creek Mine Tailings cover 5 acres in the upper reaches of Annie Creek, a tributary to Spearfish Creek in the Black Hills National Forest 3.5 miles west of Lead, Lawrence County, South Dakota. Between 1907 and 1916, gold ore was processed at the mine, part of the Baid Mountain-Lead mining district, by 8 small cyanide mill. Buildings and two vats remain from these past activities. The tailings fill a small head-water basin. Channels forming Annie Creek arise from the tailings and surrounding hillsides. Annie Creek flows through the tailings and a wooden crib dam, then merges with Spearfish Creek approximately 2 miles downstream. High concentrations of arsenic have been detected in Annie Creek water and sediments since the early 1980s. In 1989, EPA detected arsenic in the tailings and in Annie Creek below the dam, which forms the downstream boundary of the tailings, and downstream in Spearfish Creek approximately 3 miles from the site. High concentrations of arsenic are mainly found in the sediments of Annie Creek and Spearfish Creek. Both streams are designated as trout spawning areas, and both are used for trout fishing. Spearfish Creek Canyon is designated a National Scenic Highway and River. The Spearfish municipal supply system provides drinking water to an estimated 6,000 people, approximately half of it coming from an intake into Spearfish Creek 12 stream miles from the Annie Creek Tailings. Supertuna hazardous waste site Jisied under the CompraMnsv* Environmental RetponM, Comptnutaon, and liability Act fCCACLA) at ameroeo Revised ------- «>EPA -NITEO STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PflOf£CTION AGENCV NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OERR Hazardous S.ie Evaiuabon Division Washington. DC 20460 PANTEX PLANT (USDOE) Pantex Village, TX The Pantex Plant is in Pantex Village, Carson County, Texas, approximately 17 miles northeast of Amarillo. The area is primarily agricultural. The plant is owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and operated under contract by Mason and Hangar-Siles Mason Co. The plant itself covers 9,100 acres. In addition, there is a buffer zone consisting of a 1,077-acre portion of Pantex Lake owned by USDOE and 3,170 acres of land leased by USDOE from Texas Technological University. The plant began in 1942 as an Army Ordnance Corps facility. Nuclear operations began in 1950. Current operations which include fabrication of nuclear weapon ammunition and assembly, testing, and disassembly of nuclear weapons involve 141 solid waste management units. Past and present waste practices include burning of chemical wastes in unlined pits, burial of wastes in unlined landfills, and discharging of plant waste waters into on-site surface waters. More than ISO potential contamination sources have resulted from these practices, of which 15 are being evaluated initially. In 1988, a USDOE contractor detected acetone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, trichloroethylene (TCE), bromoforrn, 1,2- dichloroethane, arsenic, barium, chromium, lead, mercury, and silver in waste waters discharged to unlined ditches and surface impoundments on the site. USDOE also detected acetone, TCE, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,2-dichloroelhane, 2-butanone, tetrachloroeihylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in soil underlying a chemical bum pit used for evaporation and percolation of solvents contaminated with high explosives, and uranium in soil underlying firing grounds FS-4, FS-5, and FS-10. Toluene is present at 329 feet below the surface in soils underlying the pit. The Ogallala Aquifer occurs at a depth of 390 to 420 feet beneath the site. A zone of low permeability occurs beneath the site at a depth of 350 feet; the thickness varies from 25 to 100 feet. Contamination is documented in this zone. The aquifer serves as the primary source of domestic and municipal water supply. Amarillo has a blended system that provides water to 160,000 customers, approximately 36 % of them from a well field within 4 miles of Pantex; 20 domestic wells have been identified within 1 mile. Pumping by the city has created a cone of depression, causing ground water underlying Pantex to flow toward the municipal well field. Surface water run-off from the facility is directed into on-site playas. While some are used as surface impoundments, others not receiving plant waste water are considered fresh water wetlands. Texas Tech Agricultural Research Station uses surface water from Playa 4 for both irrigation of crops and watering of livestock. Under the Comprehensive Environmental Assessment and Response Program, USDOE has begun characterizing and cleaning up the most severe environmental problems and has developed an Environmental Restoration and Waste Management 5-Year Plan. Supertuixi hazardous waste site tetwf umw tte Compntevm Emimrmenui Jteponw. Comptnstt*. and UaWHy Ad (CERCLA) as ameoceo ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST NPL QgRR Hazardous Site Evaluation Division Washington, DC 20460 PETROCHEM RECYCLING CORP./EKOTEK, INC. Salt Lake City, Utah The Petrochem Recycling Corp.flikotek, Inc., plant is located at 1628 North Chicago Street, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah. The 6.6-acre site is bordered on the north by a junkyard, on the east and west by industrial and commercial properties, and on the south by a residential district with approximately 50 homes. The facility has had many owners and operators. From 1953 to 1968, it was owned and operated as a refinery by O.C. Allen Oil Co. In 1968, Flinco, Inc., purchased the refinery and operated it until 1978. During that time, Flinco changed its name to Bonus International Corp. In 1978, Axel Johnson, Inc., acquired ownership and operated the site as a hazardous waste storage/treatment facility and as a petroleum recycling facility through its subsidiary, Ekotek, Inc., a Delaware-based corporation. In 1981, the facility changed ownership but retained the name Ekotek, Inc., based in Utah. Ekotek declared bankruptcy in November 1987. Petrochem Recycling Corp. leased the facility in 1987 from Ekotek, and continued pperations until February 1988. The Ekotek bankruptcy estate remains the current site owner. In 1980, Ekotek filed a Part A of a permit application under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and received Interim Status. In 1987, Ekotek received a RCRA Part B permit. Operations stopped in 1988 after the Utah Bureau of Solid and Hazardous Waste and the Bureau of Air Quality issued Petroleum Recycling a Notice of Violation. Sources of contamination on the site include approximately 60 tanks, 1,200 drums, and 1,500 smaller containers, three surface impoundments, an underground drainfield, numerous piles and pits of waste material, underground tanks, incinerators, and contaminated soil. Contaminants associated with on-site sources include arsenic, chromium, lead, mercury, chlorinated solvents and other volatile organic compounds, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, pesticides, PCBs (Aroclor 1260), dioxin and furans. In January 1990, EPA detected 1,1-dicbJoroethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and vinyl chloride in shallow on- site monitoring wells. This unconfined ground water is hydraulically connected to the underlying aquifers of the Salt Lake Valley, which provide drinking water to an estimated 27,900 people via public wells within 4 miles of the site. In addition, wells within 4 miles of the site are used by commercial food-manufacturers. In November 1990, EPA detected 2-methylnaphthaIene in the atmosphere at the site, threatening the 11,400 people who live or work within 1 mile of the site. Wetlands and endangered species (peregrine falcon and bald eagle) are within 3 miles of the site. This site is being proposed for the NPL because the owner has demonstrated inability to finance appropriate remedial action. Thus, the site satisfies a component of EPA's NPLfRCRA policy. Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OERR Hazardous Site Evaluaaon Division Washington. DC 20460 HAMILTON ISLAND LANDFILL (USA/COE) North Bonneville, Washington The Hamilton Island Landfill is in southwest Washington along the banks 01 the Columbia River adjacent to the Town of North Bonneville. A former river slough was filled in during the mid 1970s so that what was once an island is now part of the mainland. The site is owned and managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USA/COE). The 240-acre unlined landfill was used to dispose of material excavated during construction of a powerhouse for the Bonneville dam 1 mile upstream, as well as debris from the demolition of a nearby town. Approximately 19 million cubic yards of waste were disposed of at the site from 1977 to 1982, according to COE; paints, degreasers, and other chemical wastes were apparently also disposed of, presumably by COE contractors contrary to the terms of their contract. A site inspection conducted by COE during 1987-89 found elevated levels of heavy metals (including arsenic and cadmium) and various volatile and semivolatile compounds in surface soil, subsurface soil, ground water, leachate, and other discharges to the Columbia River. Discharges to the river from a culvert contained levels of copper above EPA's fresh water Ambient Water Quality Criteria established under the Clean Water Act. A wildlife mitigation area that receives site run-off contained elevated levels of toluene and zinc. COE fenced a portion of the site in 1987 to restrict public access. Approximately 900 people obtain drinking water from wells within 4 miles of the site. The Columbia River, which eventually receives all run-off from the site, is a major recreation area used for fishing, boating, site-seeing, and wind-surfing. The Columbia River contains highly productive recreational and commercial fisheries adjacent to and downstream from the site. The site is within a Federally-designated National Scenic Area. COE, EPA, and the Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE) will negotiate a formal agreement requiring COE to conduct a thorough investigation of the site and to study various cleanup alternatives under EPA and WDOE oversight. Supertax* hazardous waae sita listed under the Comprehensive Environmental ReiponM. Compenution, and Liability Aa (CEHCU) a* ameooec Revised ------- xvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OERR Hazaroous Siie Evaluation Division Washington, DC 20460 MOSES LAKE WELLFIELD CONTAMINATION Moses Lake, Washington The City of Moses Lake is in Grant County in central Washington. On February 16, 1988, the Washington State Department of Health (WDOH) sampled eight Moses Lake municipal wells as part of a routine sampling effort. The samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Two of the wells contained trichloroethylene (TCE) above EPA's Maximum Contaminant Level established under the Safe Drinking Water Act. On April 4, 1988, and May 23, 1988, WDOH resampled the municipal wells and confirmed the presence of TCE at high concentrations (up to 9.1 ug/L). In mid-December, the Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE), in an independent study in the Moses Lake area, detected levels up to 12 ug/L in some of the municipal wells. The two contaminated wells are part of a blended system that provides drinking water to 5,000 people. Other area residents depend on private wells. WDOH and WDOE sampling only roughly defined the areal and vertical extent of TCE contamination. Based on these preliminary results, EPA conducted a study to identify the potential source or sources of TCE ground water contamination in the Moses Lake area. During a review of nearby Larson Air Force Base (LAFB) maps, discussions with former LAFB employees, and meetings with City and Port of Moses Lake personnel, EPA identified a number of potential sources, including but not limited to, a variety of former LAFB operations and disposal facilities, the City of Moses Lake municipal waste treatment plant, an infiltration area for the LAFB storm sewer system, and a bum pit currently used by the Big Bend Community College Fire Training School. To identify potential sources, EPA performed the following activities: (1) inventoried many businesses near LAFB and surveyed solvent usage; (2) collected and reviewed historical data regarding the two primary operators at LAFB, the Boeing Corp., and the Army Corps of Engineers; (3) analyzed historical aerial photographs through the EPA Environmental Monitoring SysteiH Laboratory; (4) collected 92 soil gas samples from the shallow subsurface along a series of transects crossing the study &mm (including the potential sources previously identified); (5) collected 62 ground water samples from a number of wells throughout the study area and analyzed for VOCs, selected ions, and other water quality parameters; and (6) collected geophysical data of the subsurface in the area of one municipal well. EPA's study of potential sources indicates that the area has a long history of operations that could have generated waste TCE solvents, but no specific source area was identified by the techniques employed. The complexity of the local hydrogeology greatly complicated attempts to correlate the available ground water sampling data to specific portions of the several aquifers underlying the site. In addition, the information generated during the soil gas and geophysical studies was limited because ground water in the Moses Lake area is so deep - several hundred feet in some cases. Potential sources as well as alternative cleanup remedies will be investigated during the remedial investigation/ feasibility study that typically is conducted after a site is placed on the NPL. Supfiffuna hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Ad (CCRCtA) as ameooed Revised ------- oEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OERR Hazardous Site Evafuaoon Division Wasfrington. DC 20460 TULALIP LANDFILL Marysville, Washington The Tulalip Landfill covers approximately 146 acres on the Tulalip Indian Reservation near Marysville, Snohomish County, Washington. The site is bounded by Ebey Slough to the north, Steamboat Slough to the south, and Possession Sound to the west. All these surface water bodies flow into northern Puget Sound, a Federally-designated National Estuary. This area is highJy productive for salmon and shellfish and provides habitat for Federally-threatened species. In 1964, the Tulalip Tribe leased the land to Seattle Disposal Co. The company accepted municipal, industrial, and hospital waste from the greater Seattle area. The site (originally a wetland) was cleared and canals were cut into the site, allowing waste to be barged in from Seattle. Eventually the barge canals were filled with waste. An estimated 4 million cubic yards of waste were deposited at the site from 1964 to 1979, when the landfill was closed in accordance with a Federal consent decree, In February 1988, EPA conducted an extensive inspection of the site and the surrounding environment. Ground water, wetland water, and slough water contained heavy metals (including lead, copper, chromium, and cadmium) in excess of EPA's Maximum Contaminant Levels established under the Safe Drinking Water Act and marine Ambient Water Quality Criteria established under the Clean Water Act. An estimated 7,800 people obtain drinking water from private and municipal wells within 4 miles of the site, the nearest within 0.9 mile. EPA also found elevated levels of metals, volatiles (including toluene and xylene), semivolatiles, and PCBs in leachate and pooled water on-site. Numerous strains of opportunistic pathogens were detected in leachate, pooled water, and slough samples. These opportunistic pathogens, due to infiltration of estuarine water rich in nutrients and dissolved oxygen, are resistant to several antibiotics and can therefore survive for years. In 1987, EPA issued a modified permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requiring, among other items, the Tulalip Tribe to collect all leachate generated by the site and transport it off-site for treatment. The Tribe has not complied. An estimated 10 million to 90 million gallons of leachate are generated per year. During a December 1990 NPDES inspection, EPA found the site was receiving demolition debris not previously approved for disposal. Logs recently placed on-site were generating colored liquids. The Tribe has discontinued disposal of all demolition debris at EPA's request. Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Retponw. Comper***". and Liability Aa (CEHCLA) at amended Revised ------- vvEPA UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST OEHR hazardous Site Evaluappn Division Washington. DC 20460 VANCOUVER WATER STATION #4 CONTAMINATION Vancouver, Washington Vancouver Water Station #4 is located at 5th and Bland ford Streets in Vancouver, Clark County, in the southwest portion of Washington. Water Station #4 is one of several stations that blend their output to supply drinking water to approximately 108,000 people. The State Department of Health sampled Water Station #4 under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1988. The blended water samples, which represented water delivered to customers, contained tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in excess of EPA's Maximum Contaminant Level established under SDWA. The station was taken out of service in October 1988. Subsequent sampling confirmed PCE contamination in the well field as well as nearby private wells, some supplying domestic water. The city hired a consultant to investigate the nature, extent, and source of the contamination. The consultant conducted an extensive soil gas and ground water study in the area, including installing and sampling numerous monitoring wells. Although high levels of PCE were detected in some ground water samples from the monitoring wells, PCE was not detected in any soil samples collected from the monitoring well borings. hi addition to sampling, the consultant inventoried land use in the area, identified historical potential users of PCE, and identified many potential sources of the PCE in Water Station #4. While the sampling indicated that the sources) could be dry cleaners in the area, they have not yet been confirmed as sources of the contamination. All potential sources as well as alternative cleanup remedies will be investigated during the remedial investigation/feasibility study that typically is conducted after a site is placed on the NPL. Superturx) hazardous waste sue Isied under the Comprehensive Environmental Retponn. Compwwton. and Lability Act (CEflCLA) at ameoceo flevnsefl ------- ADDENDUM ------- EPA _N;TED STATES OERR Hazarcous Site cvaluapon Division Wasnington. DC 2Q460 WHITE CHEMICAL CORP. Newark, New Jersey White Chemical Corp. occupies a 4.4-acre site at 660 Frelinghuysen Avenue in a densely populated residential/industrial section of Newark, Essex County, New Jersey. Acid chlorides and flame-retardant chemicals were manufactured on property owned by AZS Corp. from January 1984 to July 1990. Prior to May 1983, Lancaster Chemical Corp., a division of A2S, manufactured chemicals on the property. White Chemical is currently in voluntary reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Federal bankruptcy code. The site originally consisted of three major buildings, including laboratories, storerooms, and grounds. It is bounded by an industrial center to the north-northeast, a feather company to the west, a sportswear manufacturer to the south-southwest, and a Conrail line to the east-southeast. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) inspected the facility several times in 1989 and found numerous violations of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. On March 15, 1990, NJDEP served White Chemical and AZS an Administrative Order and Notice of Civil Administrative Penalty Assessment for the noted violations. On May 8, 1990, NJDEP ordered White Chemical to secure the site and to pay for drum stabilization and removal. After the company failed to comply, NJDEP began a removal operation on May 15, 1990. NJDEP's inventory found (among other things) approximately 9,000 drums improperly stored on-site. According to the NJDEP inventory and the site owner, 915 contained scrubbing solution (water with xylene or trichloroethylene), 608 contained waste filter cake, 5,583 contained wastes that may be hazardous, 109 contained substances not yet classified, 1,673 were claimed to be empty, and 175 were considered to be products by White Chemical. NJDEP observed deteriorating drums leaking into the soil or eroding the pallets on which they were placed. NJDEP also observed spills of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, ethylene dichJoride, and xylene. Water-reactive materials were stored outside where rain or humidity provides conditions for the materials to be released, and incompatible materials were stored next to each other. There were also 95 above-ground tanks of a variety of sizes. Thousands of unsegregated lab-pack-size materials in various stages of deterioration are stored within the buildings on shelves that are also deteriorating. By August 1990, NJDEP had removed approximately 1,000 drums. However, cleanup was halted when NJDEP ran out of funds (having expended approximately $675,000). The State then called EPA for assistance in completing stabilization and removal actions at the site. Working with the bankruptcy court, EPA had the facility vacated. Subsequently, EPA overpacked fuming drums of phosphorus tnbromide for future disposal. The most serious threats to public health and the environment would result from a release to air of substances in unstable drums and other containers, and by fire and explosion and the associated release of contaminants to air. Approximately 12,000 people live and work within 1/4 mile of the site, 290,000 persons live within 3 miles of the site, and an unknown number of people work within this 3-mile radius. Given prevailing winds, a fire and explosion at White Chemical could seriously impact Newark International Airport, less than 1 mile to the east, the Conrail line at the site's eastern boundary (the major eastern corridor for Amtrak and Conrail), and U.S. Route 1 and 9 (between the rail line and the airport). EPA removal staff continues to stabilize and secure the site, which should take 6 to 12 months. The removal action may take up to 18 months. In addition, EPA continues to assess site conditions and the quantities and types of materials present. On November 21, 1990, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) of the U.S. Public Health Service issued an advisory warning that the site poses a significant threat to public health because of possible releases of hazardous substances to the air. Under Section 300.425 (cX3) of the National Contingency Plan, the Federal regulation by which CERCLA is implemented, a site can be placed on the NPL if (1) ATSDR has issued a public health advisory recommending that people be removed from the site, (2) EPA determines that the site poses a significant threat to public health, and (3) EPA anticipates that it will be more cost-effective to use its remedial authority (available only at NPL sites) than its emergency removal authority to respond to the site. Superfund hazardous waste site listed under ine Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Lability Afl (CERCLA) at amended Revised ------- United States Environmental Protection Agency For further information, call the Superfund Hotline, toll-free 1-800-424-9346 or (703) 920-9810 in Washington, DC metropolitan area, or the U.S. EPA Superfund Regional Offices listed below. For publications, contact 401 M Street SW Washington, DC 20460 FTS- 382-2080 CML (202) 382-2080 Office of Emergency & Remedial Response, OS-230 United States Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, SW Washington. DC 20460 FTS- 475-8103 CML (202) 475-8103 Region Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Superiund Branch, HSL-CAN 2 John F. Kennedy Federal Building Boston, MA 02203 -2211 FTS- 833-1610 CML (517) 573-9610 Region 2 New Jersey New York Puerto Rko Virgin Islands Emergency & Remedial Response Division 26 Federal Plaza New York, NY 10278 FTS- 264-8672 CML (212) 254-8672 ^ Region 3 Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Site Assessment Section, 3HW13 841 Chestnut Building Philadelphia, PA 19107 FTS-597.3437 CML (21 5) 597-3437 Region 4 Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Waste Management Division 345 Courtand Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30365 FTS-257-3454 CML (404) 347-3454 Region 5 Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin Remedial Response Branch 5HS-1 1 230 South Dearborn Street 12th Floor Chicago, IL 60604 FTS-886-5877 CML (312) 886-5877 Region 6 Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Superfund Management Branch Division, 6H-M 1445 Ross Avenue Dallas, TX 75202-2733 FTS-255-6740 CML (214) 655-6740 Iowa Missouri Nebraska Kansas Superfund Branch 726 Minnesota Avenue Kansas City, KS 66101 FTS-276-7052 CML (913) 551-7052 RegioaS Colorado Montana North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wyoming Superfund Remedial Branch, 8HWM-SR 999 18th Street, Suite 500 Denver, CO 80202-2405 FTS-330-7630 CML (303) 294-7630 Region 9 American Samoa Guam Arizona Hawaii California Nevada Northern Marianas Trust Territories Waste Management Division, H-1 75 Hawthorne Street San Francisco, CA 94105 FTS-484-1730 CML (415) 744-1730 Alaska Idaho Oregon Washington Superfund Branch, HW-113 1200 6th Avenue Seattle, WA 98101 FTS-399-1987 CML (206) 553-1 987 ------- United States Environmental Protection Agency For further information, call the Superfund Hotline, toll-free 1-800-424-9346 or (703) 920-9810 in Washington, DC metropolitan area, or the U.S. EPA Superfund Regional Offices listed below. For publications, contact Public Information Center, PM-21 IB 401 M Street SW Washington, DC 20460 FTS- 382-2080 CML (202) 382-2080 Office of Emergency * Remedial Response, OS-230 United States Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 FTS- 475-S103 CML (202) 475*103 Region I Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Superfund Branch, HSL-CAN 2 John F. Kennedy Federal Bulking Boston, MA 02203 -2211 FTS- 833-1610 CML (617) 573-9610 Region. 2 New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Island* Emergency & Remedal Response Division 26 Federal Plaza New York. NY 10278 FTS-264-8672 CM. (212) 264-88T2 Region 3 Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia 84t Chestnut Bufldng PhSadekjhla, PA 19107 FTS-587-3437 CM. (215) 5074437 Region 4 Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennt Wast* Management Division 345&xjrtandStnwt,NE Aflanta, GA 30365 FTS.257-3454 CML (404) 347-3454 Region 5 Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin Remedal Response Branch 5HS-11 230 South Dearborn Street 12thFkxx Chicago. H. 60604 FT^88e-5877 CML (312) 886-5877 Region 6 Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Superfund Management Branch Division, 6H-M 1445 Ross Avenue Dalai. TX 75202-2733 FTS-255-6740 CM. (314) 655-6740 Region? Iowa Mktourl Nebraska Kansas Superfund Branch 726 Minnesota Avenue Kansas City, KS 66101 FTS.276-7052 CM. (913) 551-7052 Regions Colorado Moo tana North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wyoming Superfund RemedaJ Branch, 8HWM-SR 99918th Street, Sutte 500 Denver. CO 80202-2405 FTS-330-7830 CM. (303) 294-7630 Region 9 Americaa Samoa Arizona California Guam Hawaii Nevada Northern Mariana* Trust Territories Was* Management OMston, H-1 75 Hawfwme Street SanFnndKO, C A 94105 nS484-1730 CM. (415) 744-1730 Region 1& Alaska Idaho Orego* Wasalagtom Superfund Branch, KW-113 1200 6th Awwe SMtte, WA 98101 FTS-3W-1987 CM. (206) 553-1987 ------- |