United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Washington DC 20460
August 1981
Pesticides
&EPA 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-
oxathiin-3-carboxanilide
(Carboxin)
Pesticide Registration
Standard
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CARBOXIN
Pesticide Registration Standard
Bruce Kapner
Alex Arce
Jolene Chinchilli
Ed Fite
Linda Garczynski
Robert Hoist
Steve Hopkins
Sam Howard
Ray Kent
Grog Weidemann
Gene Wilson
Linda Zygadlo
Project Manager (SPRD)
Toxicologist (HED)
Project Manager (SPRD)
Wildlife Biologist (HED)
Writer/Editor (SPRD)
Plant Physiologist (HED)
Plant Physiologist (HED)
Environmental Chemist (HED)
Chemist (HED)
Plant Pathologist (BFSD)
Product Manager (RD)
Economist (BFSD)
August 1981
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
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- TABLE OF COMMENTS -
Page
Chapter I How to Register under a Registration Standard 1
Chapter II Regulatory Position and Rationale 9
Chapter III Summary of Data Requirements and Data Gaps. 17
Chapter IV Product Chemistry 29
Chapter V Environmental Fate 33
Chapter VI Toxicology 41
Chapter VII Residue Chemistry 47
Chapter VIII Ecological Effects 55
Chapter IX Bibliography 58
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I. HOW TO REGISTER UNDER A REGISTRATION STANDARD
A. Organization of the Standard
B. Purpose of the Standard
C. Requirement to Reregister Under the Standard
D. "Product Specific" Data and "Generic" Data
E. Data Compensation Requirements under FIFRA 3(c)(1)(D)
F. Obtaining Data to Fill "Data Gaps"; FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)
F. Amendments to the Standard
A. ORGANIZATION OF TOE STANDARD
This first chapter explains the purpose of a Registration Standard and
summarizes the legal principles involved in registering or reregistering under
a Standard. Ihe second chapter sets forth the requirements that must be met to
obtain or retain registration for products covered by this particular
Registration Standard. In the remaining chapters, the Agency reviews the
available data by scientific discipline, discusses the Agency's concerns with
the identified potential hazards, and logically develops the conditions and
requirements that would reduce those hazards to acceptable levels.
B. PURPOSE OF TOE STANDARD
Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
provides that "no person in any State may distribute, sell, offer for sale,
hold for sale, ship, deliver for shipment, or receive (and having so received)
deliver or offer to deliver, to any person any pesticide which is not
registered with the Administrator [of EPA]." To approve the registration of a
pesticide, the Administrator must find, pursuant to Section 3(c)(5) that:
"(1) its composition is such as to warrant the proposed claims for it;
(2) its labeling and other material required to be submitted comply
with the requirements of this Act?
(3) it will perform its intended function without unreasonable adverse
effects on the environment; and
(4) when used in accordance with widespread and commonly recognized
practice it will not generally cause unreasonable adverse effects
on the environment."
In making these findings, the Agency reviews a wide range of data which
registrants are required to submit, and assesses the risks and benefits
associated with the use of the proposed pesticide. However, the established
approach to making these findings has been found to be defective on two counts.
First, EPA and its predecessor agency, the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA), routinely reviewed registration applications on a "product
by product" basis, evaluating each product-specific application somewhat
independently. In the review of products containing similar components, there
was little opportunity for a retrospective review of the full range of
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pertinent data available in Agency files and in the public literature. Thus
the "product by product" approach was often inefficient and sometimes resulted
in inconsistent or inccmplete regulatory judgments.
Second, over the years, as a result of inevitable and continuing advances in
scientific knowledge, methodology, and policy, the data base for many
pesticides came to be considered inadequate by current scientific and
regulatory standards. Given the long history of pesticide regulation in
several agencies, it is even likely that materials may have been lost from
the data files. When EPA issued new requirements for registration in 1975 (40
CFR 162) and proposed new guidelines for hazard testing in 1978 (43 FR 29686,
July 10, 1978 and 43 FR 37336, August 22, 1978), many products that had already
been registered for years were being sold and used without the same assurances
of human and environmental safety as was being required for new products.
Because of this inconsistency, Congress directed EPA to reregister all
previously registered products, so as to bring their registrations and their
data bases into compliance with current requirements [See FIFRA Section 3(g)].
Facing the enormous job of re-reviewing and calling-in new data for the
approximately 35,000 current registrations, and realizing the inefficiencies of
the "product by product" approach, the Agency decided that a new, more
effective method of review was needed.
A new review procedure has been developed. Under it, EPA publishes documents
called Registration Standards, each of which discusses a particular pesticide
active ingredient. Each Registration Standard summarizes all the data
available to the Agency on a particular active ingredient and its current uses,
and sets forth the Agency's comprehensive position on the conditions and
requirements for registration of all existing and future products which contain
that active ingredient. These conditions and requirements, all of which must
be met to obtain or retain full registration or reregistration under Section
3(c)(5) of FIFRA, include the submission of needed scientific data which the
Agency does not now have, compliance with standards of toxicity, composition,
labeling, and packaging, and satisfaction of the data compensation provisions
of FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D).
The Standard will also serve as a tool for product classification. As part of
the registration of a pesticide product, EPA may classify each product for
"general use" or "restricted use" [FIFRA Section 3(d)]. A pesticide is
classified for "restricted use" when seme special regulatory restriction is
needed to ensure against unreasonable adverse effects to man or the
environment. Many such risks of unreasonable adverse effects can be lessened
if expressly-designed label precautions are strictly followed. Thus the special
regulatory restriction for a "restricted use" pesticide is usually a
requirement that it be applied only by, or under the supervision of, an
applicator who has been certified by the State or Federal government as being
competent to use the pesticide safely, responsibly, and in accordance with
label directions. A restricted-use pesticide can have other regulatory
restrictions [40 CFR 162.11(c)(5)] instead of, or in addition to, the certified
applicator requirement. These other regulatory restrictions may include such
actions as seasonal or regional limitations on use, or a requirement for the
monitoring of residue levels after use. A pesticide classified for "general
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use," or not classified at all, is available for use by any individual who is
in compliance with State or local regulations. The Registration Standard
review compares information about potential adverse effects of specific uses of
the pesticide with risk criteria listed in 40 CFR 162.11(c), and thereby
determines whether a product needs to be classified for "restricted use." If
the Standard does classify a pesticide for "restricted use," this determination
is stated in the second chapter.
C. REQUIREMENT TO REREGISTER UNDER THE STANDARD
FIFRA Section 3(g), as amended in 1978, directs EPA to reregister all currently
registered products as expeditiously as possible. Congress also agreed that ¦
reregistration should be accomplished by the use of Registration Standards.
Each registrant of a currently registered product to which this Standard
applies, and who wishes to continue to sell or distribute his product in
commerce, must apply for reregistration. His application must contain proposed
labeling that complies with this Standard.
EPA will issue a notice of intent to cancel the registration of any currently
registered product to which this Standard applies if the registrant fails to
comply with the procedures for reregistration set forth in the Guidance Package
which accompanies this Standard.
D. "PRODUCT SPECIFIC" DATA AND "GENERIC" DATA
In the course of developing this Standard, EPA has determined the types of data
needed for evaluation of the properties and effects of products to which the
Standard applies, in the disciplinary areas of Product Chemistry, Environmental
Fate, Tbxicology, Residue Chemistry, and Ecological Effects. These
determinations are based primarily on the data Guidelines proposed in 43 FR
29696, July 10, 1978; 43 FR 37336, August 22, 1978; and 45 FR 72948,
November 3, 1980, as applied to the use patterns of the products to which this
Standard applies. Where it appeared that data from a normally applicable
Guidelines requirement was actually unnecessary to evaluate these products, the
Standard indicates that the requirement has been waived. On the other hand, in
sane cases studies not required by the Guidelines may be needed because of the
particular composition or use pattern of products the Standard covers; if so,
the Standard explains the Agency's reasoning. Data guidelines have not yet
been proposed for the Residue Chemistry discipline, but the requirements for
such data have been in effect for some time and are, the Agency believes,
relatively familiar to registrants. Data which we have found are needed to
evaluate the registrability of seme products covered by the Standard may not be
needed for the evaluation of other products, depending upon the composition,
formulation type, and intended uses of the product in question. The Standard
states which data requirements apply to which product categories. (See the
third chapter.) The various kinds of data normally required for registration
of a pesticide product can be divided into two basic groups:
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1. Data that are product specific, i.e. data that relate only
to the properties or effects of a product with a particular
composition (or a group of products with closely similar
composition); and
2. Generic data that pertains to the properties or effects of a
particular ingredient, and thus are relevant to an evaluation of
the risks and benefits of all products containing that ingredient
(car all such products having a certain use pattern), regardless
of any such product's unique composition.
The Agency requires certain "product specific" data for each product to
characterize the product's particular composition and physical/chemical
properties (Product Chemistry), and to characterize the product's acute
toxicity (which is a function of its total composition). The applicant for
registration or reregistration of any product, whether it is a manufacturing-
use car end-use product, and without regard to its intended use pattern, must
submit or cite enough of this kind of data to allow EPA to evaluate the
product. For such purposes, "product specific" data on any product other than
the applicant's is irrelevant, unless the other product is closely similar in
composition to the applicant's. (Where it has been found practicable to group
similar products for purposes of evaluating, with a single set of tests, all
products in the group, the Standard so indicates.) "Product specific" data on
the efficacy of particular end-use products are also required where the exact
formulation may affect efficacy and vdiere failure of efficacy could cause
public health problems.
All other data needed to evaluate pesticide products concern the properties or
effects of a particular ingredient of products (normally a pesticidally active
ingredient, but in some cases a pesticidally inactive, or "inert",
ingredient). Seme data in this "generic" category are required to evaluate the
properties and effects of all products containing that ingredient [e.g., the
acute ID-50 of the active ingredient in its technical or purer grade; see
proposed guidelines, 43 FR 37355].
Other "generic" data are required to evaluate all products which both contain a
particular ingredient and are intended for certain uses (see, e.g., proposed
guidelines,43 FR 37363, which requires subchronic oral testing of the
active ingredient with respect to certain use patterns only). Where a
particular data requirement is use-pattern dependent, it will apply to each end-
use product which is to be labeled for that use pattern (except where such end-
use product is formulated from a registered manufacturing-use product
permitting such formulations) and to each manufacturing-use product with
labeling that allows it to be used to make end-use products with that use
pattern. Thus, for example, a subchronic oral dosing study is needed to
evaluate the safety of any manufacturing-use product that legally could be used
to mate an end-use, food-crop pesticide. But if an end-use product's label
specified it was for use only in ways that involved no food/feed exposure and
no repeated human exposure, the subchronic oral dosing study would not be
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required to evaluate the product's safety; and if a manufacturing-use product's
label states that the product is for use only in making end-use products not
involving food/feed use or repeated human exposure, that subchronic oral study
would not be relevant to the evaluation of the manufacturing-use product either.
If a registrant of a currently registered manufacturing-use or end-use product
wishes to avoid the costs of data compensation [under FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D)]
or data generation [under Section 3(c)(2)(B)] for "generic" data that is
required only with respect to some use patterns, he may elect to delete those
use patterns from his labeling at the time he reregisters his product. An
applicant for registration of a new product under this Standard may similarly
request approval for only certain use patterns.
E. DATA COMPENSATION REQUIREMENTS UNDER FIFRA 3(c)(1)(D)
Under FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D), an applicant for registration, reregistration,
or amended registration must offer to pay compensation for certain existing
data the Agency has used in developing the Registration Standard. The data for
which compensation must be offered are all data which are described by all of
the following criteria:
1. The data were first submitted to EPA (or to its predecessor
agencies, USDA or FDA), on or after January 1, 1970;
2. The data ware submitted to EPA (or USDA or FDA) by seme other
applicant or registrant in support of an application for an
experimental use permit, an amendment adding a new use to a
registration, or for registration, or to support or maintain
an existing registration;
3. They are the kind of data which are relevant to the Agency's
decision to register or reregister the applicant's product
under the Registration Standard, taking into account the
applicant's product's composition and intended use pattern(s);
4. The Agency has found the data to be valid and usable in reaching
regulatory conclusions; and
5. They are not data for which the applicant has been exempted by
FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(D) from the duty to offer to pay
compensation. (This exemption applies to the "generic" data
concerning the safety of an active ingredient of the applicant's
product, not to "product specific" data. The exemption is
available only to applicants whose product is labeled for end-
uses for which the active ingredient in question is present in
the applicant's product because of his use of another registered
product containing that active ingredient which he purchases from
another producer.
An applicant for reregistration of an already registered product under this
Standard, or for registration of a new product under this Standard, accordingly
must determine which of the data used by EPA in developing the Standard must be
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the subject of an offer to pay compensation, and must submit with his
application the appropriate statements evidencing his compliance with FIFRA
Section 3(c)(1)(D).
An applicant would never be required to offer to pay for "product specific"
data submitted by another firm. In many, if not in most cases, data which are
specific to another firm's product will not suffice to allow EPA to evaluate
the applicant's product, that is, will not be useful to the Agency in
determining whether the applicant's product is registrable. There may be
cases, however, where because of close similarities between the composition of
two or more products, another firm's data may suffice to allow EPA to evaluate
seme or all of the "product specific" aspects of the applicant's product. In
such a case, the applicant may choose to cite that data instead of submitting
data frcm tests on his own product, and if he chooses that option, he would
have to comply with the offer-to-pay requirements of Section 3(C)(1)(D) for
that data.
Each applicant for registration or reregistration of a manufacturing-use
product, and each applicant for registration or reregistration of an end-use
product, who is not exempted by FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(D), must comply with the
Section 3(c)(1)(D) requirements with respect to each item of "generic" data
that relates to his product's intended uses.
A detailed description of the procedures an applicant must follow in applying
for reregistration (or new registration) under this Standard is found in the
Guidance Package for this Standard.
F* OBTAINING DATA TO FILL "DATA GAPS"; FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)
Some of the kinds of data EPA needs for its evaluation of the properties and
effects of products to which this Standard applies have never been submitted to
the Agency (or, if submitted, have been found to have deficiencies rendering
them inadequate for making registrability decisions) and have not been located
in the published literature search that EPA conducted as part of preparing this
Standard. Such instances of missing but required data are referred to in the
Standard as "data gaps".
FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B), added to FIFRA by the Congress in 1978, authorizes
EPA to require registrants to whom a data requirement applies to generate (or
otherwise produce) data to fill such "gaps" and submit those data to EPA. EPA
must allow a reasonably sufficient period for this to be accomplished. If a
registrant fails to take appropriate and timely steps to fill the data gaps
identified by a section 3(c)(2)(B) order, his product's registration may be
suspended until the data are submitted. A mechanism is provided vrtiereby two or
more registrants may agree to share in the costs of producing data for which
they are both responsible.
The Standard lists, in the third chapter, the "generic" data gaps and notes the
classes of products to which these data gaps pertain. The Standard also points
out that to be registrable under the Standard, a product must be supported by
certain required "product specific" data. In sane cases, the Agency may
possess sufficient "product specific" data on one currently registered product,
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but may lack such data on another. Only those Standards which apply to a very
small number of currently registered products will attempt to state
definitively the "product specific" data gaps on a "product by product"
basis. (Although the Standard will in some cases note which data that EPA does
possess would suffice to satisfy certain "product specific" data requirements
for a category of products with closely similar composition characteristics.)
As part of the process of reregistering currently registered products, EPA will
issue Section 3(c)(2)(B) directives requiring the registrants to take
appropriate steps to fill all identified data gaps — whether the data in
question are "product specific" or "generic" — in accordance with a schedule.
Persons who wish to obtain registrations for new products under this Standard
will be required to submit (or cite) sufficient "product specific" data before
their applications are approved. Upon registration, they will be required
under Section 3(c)(2)(B) to take appropriate steps to submit data needed to
fill "generic" data gaps. (We expect they will respond to this requirement by
entering into cost-sharing agreements with other registrants who previously
have been told they must furnish the data.) The Guidance Package for this
Standard details the steps that must be taken by registrants to comply with
Section 3(c)(2)(B).
G. AMENDMENTS TO THE STANDARD
Applications for registration which propose uses or formulations that are not
presently covered by the Standard, or which present product compositions,
product chemistry data, hazard data, toxicity levels, or labeling that do not
meet the requirements of the Standard, will automatically be considered by the
Agency to be requests for amendments to the Standard. In response to such
applications, the Agency may request additional data to support the proposed
amendment to the Standard, or may deny the application for registration on the
grounds that the proposed product would cause unreasonable adverse effects to
the environment. In the former case, when additional data have been
satisfactorily supplied, and providing that the data do not indicate the
potential for unreasonable adverse effects, the Agency will then amend the
Standard to cover the new registration.
Each Registration Standard is based upon all data and information available to
the Agency's reviewers on a particular date prior to the publication date.
This "cut-off" date is stated at the beginning of the second chapter. Any
subsequent data submissions and any approved amendments will be incorporated
into the Registration Standard by means of addenda, which are available for
inspection at EPA in Washington, D.C., or copies of which may be requested from
the Agency. When all the present "data gaps" have been filled and the
submitted data have been reviewed, the Agency will revise the Registration
Standard. Ttiereaf ter, when the Agency determines that the internally
maintained addenda have significantly altered the conditions for registration
under the Standard, the document will be updated and re-issued.
While the Registration Standard discusses only the uses and hazards of products
containing the designated active ingredient(s), the Agency is also concerned
with the potential hazards of seme inert ingredients and impurities.
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Independent of the development of any one Standard, the Agency has initiated
the evaluation of sane inert pesticide ingredients. Where the Agency has
identified inert ingredients of concern in a specific product to which the
Standard applies, these ingredients will be pointed out in the Guidance Package.
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II. REGULATORY POSITION AND RATIONALE
A. Introduction
B. Description of Chemical
C. Regulatory Position
D. Regulatory Rationale
E. Criteria for Registration Under the Standard
F. Acceptable Ranges and Limits
G. Required Labeling
H. Tolerance Reassessment
A. INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the Agency's regulatory position and rationale based on
an evaluation of all registered products containing carboxin as the sole active
ingredient. After briefly describing carboxin, this chapter presents the
regulatory position and rationale, and the criteria for registration of
products containing this chemical. These include labeling considerations, and
tolerance reassessment. A sunmary of data requirements is contained in Chapter
III. Data supporting this regulatory position are discussed in each of the
disciplinary chapters, IV through VIII. Also considered in this Standard are
Special Local Need (SLN) registrations which are issued by a State in
accordance with FIFRA section 24(c). Valid State registrations will be subject
to reregistration under the EPA Registration Standard System, in the same
manner as registration issued under section 3 of FIFRA.
B' DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL
Carboxin [5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide] is a systemic
fungicide registered for use as a seed treatment to protect barley, corn,
wheat, oats, cotton, and peanuts; and registered for SLN use only in the states
of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas as a
combined foliar and soil application on peanut plants to control Southern
blight.
The structural formula is:
ch2 c—ch3
OU C —C—NH —r
» \=/
0
Uniroyal, Inc. is the principal producer and registrant. Carboxin (technical
material) is formulated int6 a formulation intermediate, a wettable
powder/dust, a dust, two ready-to-use liquids (flowable), two soluble
concentrate liquids; and also a granular formulation and flowable concentrate
for SLN use only.
Carboxin is unusual because it is systemically toxic to phytopathogenic
Basidianycetes. It is less toxic to phytopathogenic fungi of other classes,
therefore, it is commonly applied in combination with thiram or
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captan, or applied to seed previously treated with other fungicides to broaden
the spectrum of diseases controlled. Any combination (i.e. mixture) of
carboxin with other pesticides will not be considered in this Standard at this
time.
C. REGULATORY POSITION
Based on a review of the available scientific data and other relevant
information on carboxin, the Agency has made the following determinations:
1. Pesticide products containing this sole active ingredient may be
registered, subject to the terms and conditions specified in this Standard.
2. None of the risk criteria for determining unreasonable effects has been
met or exceeded for this active ingredient.
3. The registrant must develop or agree to develop additional data, specified
in Chapter III, to maintain the existing registration or to permit new
registrations.
4. Tolerances for registered uses on barley, wheat, oats, corn, cotton, and
peanuts are supported by the residue and toxicology data submitted for
seed treatment uses. Tolerances are not supported for the combined foliar
and soil application on peanuts (SIIJ use).
D. REGULATORY RATIONALE
Exposure via drift of the chemical is possible because the granular formulation
is broadcast aerially for the combined foliar and soil treatment to peanut
plants. Although the flowable concentrate formulation is applied by overhead
irrigation or sprayed as a ground application, exposure is expected to be
minimal due to the dilutions used and the use directions that state that the
spray is to be directed at the crown of the plant, thereby minimizing possible
drift in this use pattern.
For the predominant use pattern, dermal exposure from handling treated seed is
expected to be low because most seeds are mechanically planted.
Potential exposure to wildlife exists through the ingestion of treated seeds
and granules. Mechanically planted seeds may be left uncovered or partially
uncovered at the end of rows, and therefore wildlife, especially birds, could
ingest treated seeds.
Because there are no registered public health related uses, the Agency has
waived the need far efficacy data to support the uses of carboxin.
The Agency has concluded that it should continue the registration for this
chemical for the following reasons:
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1. No significant adverse effects data of regulatory concern have been
uncovered in the review of the studies which have been received, either
in studies sufficient to meet data requirements or in those which fail to
meet data requirements but which provide some level of qualitative
information.
2. No significant potential risk associated with the use of carboxin is
indicated frcm the accident data as reported on this chemical.
3. In accordance with FIFRA, the Agency's policy is not to cancel or to
withhold registration merely for the lack of data. (See sections
3(c)(2)(B) and 3(c)(7) of FIFRA). Rather, publication of the Standard
provides a mechanism for identifying data needs, and registration under
the Standard allows for upgrading of labels during the period in
which the required data are being generated. When these data are
received, they will be reviewed by the Agency. The Agency will then
determine whether these data will affect the registration of this
chemical.
E. CRITERIA FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE STANDARD
lb be subject to this Standard, products must meet the following conditions:
- contain carboxin as the sole active ingredient? and
- bear required labeling; and
- conform to the acute toxicity limits, product composition and use
pattern requirements stated in Section F, below.
The applicant for registration or reregistration of products subject to this
Standard must comply with all terms and conditions described in this Standard
including a commitment to fill data gaps on a time schedule specified by the
Agency and, when applicable, offering to pay compensation to the extent
required by 3(c)(1)(D) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA), as amended, 7 U.S.C. 136(c)(1)(D). As discussed in chapter I,
applicants for registration under this Standard must contact the Registration
Division for specific instructions, including updated information contained in
the guidance package on data requirements, and companies whose data must be
cited and to whan compensation must be offered.
F. ACCEPTABLE RANGES AND LIMITS
1. Manufacturing-Use Products
a. Product Composition Standard
Currently the Agency has minimal information that indicates ranges and
limits for the product composition of manufacturing-use products
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containing carboxin. To be covered under this Standard, registrants
of manufacturing-use products containing carboxin must certify ranges and
limits for both active and inert ingredients, and impurities.
b. Acute Toxicity Limits
The Agency will consider registration of manufacturing-use products
containing carboxin regardless of the toxicity category, provided that the
labeling of such products bears appropriate precautionary statements.
c. Use Patterns and Application Methods
To be registered under this standard, manufacturing-use products
containing carboxin must be labeled to allow for formulation only into end-
use products which are intended for use as:
1) application to seeds of barley, corn, wheat, oats, cotton, or
peanuts, and/or,
2) combined foliar and soil application to peanuts.
2. End-Use Products
a. Product Composition Standard
Currently the J^jency has minimal information that indicates ranges and
limits for the product composition of end-use products containing
carboxin. To be covered under this Standard, registrants of end-use
products containing carboxin must certify ranges and limits for both
active and inert ingredients.
b. Acute Toxicity Limits
The Agency will consider registration of end-use products containing
carboxin far treating seeds and combined foliar and soil application under
a general-use classification, provided that they bear appropriate
precautionary labeling.
c. Use Pattern and Application Method Limits
To be registered under this standard, end-use products containing carboxin
must be labeled as a systemic fungicide for one or more of the following
uses: application to seeds of barley, oats, wheat, corn, cotton, and
peanuts. The data on combined foliar and soil application on peanuts do
not adequately support registration for these uses under section 3 of
FIFRA.
The full range of acceptable use patterns, maximum application rates,
preharvest intervals, application methods, and other conditions are
specified in Table 1.
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TABLE 1
Dosage Rates and Use Limitations
SITE
MAXIMUM DOSAGE
USE LIMITATIONS
Barley (grain crop)
2.25 oz. a.i./lOO
lb.
seed
Seed treatment only
Barley (seed crop)
3.00 oz. a.i./lOO
ib.
seed
Seed treatment only
Cotton
6.00 oz. a.i./lOO
lb.
seed
Seed treatment only
Peanuts
4.50 oz. a.i./lOO
lb.
seed
Seed treatment only
Oats
1.12 oz. a.i./lOO
lb.
seed
Seed treatment only
Wheat (grain crop)
2.25 oz. a.i./lOO
lb.
seed
Seed treatment only
Wheat (seed crop)
3.00 oz. a.i./lOO
lb.
seed
Seed treatment only
Peanuts
1.0 lb. a.i./acre
Granular combined foliar
and soil application
use only.—
Preharvest interval -
20 days.—
Peanuts
16 oz. a.i./acre
g
Ground spray only.—
Preharvest interval -
60 days.—
Peanuts
10.9 oz.a.i./acre
Overhead irrigation
only.—
Preharvest interval -
60 days.—
a/ Combined foliar and soil application to peanuts can be registered under
this Standard provided (lj adequate residue data are developed to show
that the present tolerance is adequate to cover the proposed use, or (2)
40 CFR 180.301 is revised to accomodate the residues occuring fran the
use on peanuts, peanut hulls, and peanut hay.
b/ Currently registered only as a Special Local Need (24(c)) registration in
Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas.
c/ Currently registered only as a SLN registration in Alabama, Georgia,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas.
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G. REQUIRED LABELING
All manufacturing-use and end-use products containing carboxin must bear
labeling as specified in 40 CFR 162.10. The guidance package for this Standard
contains specific information regarding label requirements. In addition, the
following specific labeling requirements may apply:
1. Manufacturing-Use Products
a. Use Pattern Statements
All manufacturing-use products containing carboxin must list on the label
the intended end-uses of formulated products produced frcm manufacturing-
use products. These statements are necessary to identify the
applicability of certain of the data requirements which are necessary only
in support of manufacturing-use products intended for formulation into
products labeled for combined foliar and soil application. These products
must bear one or both of the following statements on the label:
1. "For formulation into products intended for fungicide treatment of
seeds.
2. "For formulation into products intended for combined foliar and soil
fungicide application."
b. Precautionary Statements
There are no unique precautionary statements which must appear op labeling
of manufacturing-use products containing carboxin. Hie guidance package
provides an updated list of all required precautionary statements typical
for this type of product. The Agency may# after review of the data
required under this Standard, impose additional label requirements.
2. End-Use Products
a. Precautionary Statements
For all seed treatment uses:
"Do not use treated seed for food, feed, or oil puposes."
For cotton:
"Do not graze or feed livestock on hay grown frcm treated seed."
For peanuts (combined foliar and soil application only):
"Do not hog down treated peanut fields prior to harvest." or
"Do not graze or feed livestock on treated areas."
14
-------
For barley, corn, oats, and wheat:
"Do not graze or feed livestock on treated areas for six weeks after
planting.11
The guidance package provides an updated list of all required
precautionary statements typical for this type of product. The Agency
may, after review of the data required under this Standard, impose
additional label requirements.
H. TOLERANCE REASSESSMENT
Tolerances reflecting seed treatment use have been established for combined
residues of the fungicide carboxin and its metabolite 5,6-dihydro-3-
carboxanilide-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-4-oxide (calculated as carboxin) in or on
raw agricultural commodities as follows: 0.5 ppm in or on forages of barley,
oats and wheat; 0.2 ppm (negligible residue) in or on cottonseed,' peanuts,
peanut hay and peanut hulls; 0.2 ppm in or on barley, (grain and straw), corn
(grain, fodder and forage), fresh corn including sweet corn (kernels plus cob
with husk removed), oats (seed and straw), rice and rice straw, sorghum (grain,
fodder and forage), soybeans, and wheat (grain and straw): 0.1 ppm in meat,
fat and meat by-products of cattle, goats, hogs, horses, poultry and sheep;
0.01 ppm in eggs; and 0.01 ppm in milk (40 CFR 180.301). Codex Maximum
Residue Limits (MRL) have not been established for carboxin. There are no
Canadian or Mexican tolerances.
Data summarized in this Standard support the established tolerances on corn,
cottonseed, peanuts, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, meat and meat by-products,
and milk. Established tolerances on soybeans and rice are supported by residue
data obtained with multiple-active ingredient formulations. The establishment
of tolerances in poultry, meat, meat by-products and fat, and eggs are based on
the conclusion that it is not possible to establish with certainty whether
finite residues will be incurred, but there is no reasonable expectation of
finite residues. In part, this conclusion is supported by the absence of
observed bioaccumulation in a ruminant feeding study.
According to available data, the seed treatment use of carboxin falls under
category (2) of 40 CFR 180.6(a), i.e. while it is not possible to to establish
with certainty whether finite residues in meat, milk, poultry, and eggs will
result from the feeding of commodities grown from carboxin-treated seed, there
is a reasonable expectation of finite residues based on the feeding of
exaggerated levels of carboxin.
Carboxin tolerances on crops are based on residue data obtained with a gas
chromatographic method that does not determine insoluble anilide complexes.
However, residues in growing crops, analyzed by a colorimetric method that
determines both soluble and insoluble residues, decline at a rate such that
residues in mature crops would not be expected to exceed tolerance levels.
15
-------
In calculating the theoretical maximum residue contribution (TMPC), the Agency
assumes that the chemical is applied to all commodities on which its use is
registered, that each canmodity contains the maximum level allowed by the
tolerance, and average 60 kg. adult eating patterns result in 100 percent of
carboxin-treated foods in the adult diet of 1.5 kg./day. The TMRC of carboxin
to the human diet is calculated to be 0.071 mg/day. The Agency has calculated
an acceptable daily intake (ADI) value of 0.4 milligrams of carboxin per
kilogram of body weight per day. This value is based on a "no-observed-effect"
levei (NOEL) of 200 ppm established in a two year rat feeding study, and the
incorporation of a 100 fold safety factor in translating the data from animal
to man.
Based on the TMRC of carboxin to the diet and the fact that the available data
do not indicate an unreasonable effect in test animals, the established
tolerances (for seed treatment only) are considered adequate to protect public
health.
It must be emphasized that the established tolerances provide only for the seed
treatment use of carboxin. Combined foliar and soil application of carboxin to
peanuts which is registered in six states under Section 24(c) of FIFRA, may
result in higher residues than those fran seed treatment, thereby necessitating
a higher tolerance. Additional data to evaluate this SLN use are required.
16
-------
III. SUMMARY OF DATA REQUIREMENTS AND DATA GAPS
Applicants for registration of manufacturing-use and end-use carboxin products
roust cite or submit the information identified as required in the tables in
this chapter. The tables applicable to end-use products indicate whether the
product to be tested is the technical grade or formulation. Data generated on
one formulation may be used to satisfy the data requirement for a substantially
similar formulation. Information on which product specific data requirements
are already met is available in the guidance package.
Before each requirement is listed the section of the Proposed Guidelines which
describes the type of data and when the data are required to be submitted [43
FR, 29696 of July 10, 1978; and 43 FR, 37336 of August 22, 1978]. Justifi-
cation for why the test is required is provided in the Guidelines. A dis-
cussion of why data additional to those already submitted are necessary, or why
data normally required are not necessary for this chemical, are explained in
footnotes to the tables. The data requirements specified are the minimum that
will be required. Areas where additional data may be required as the result of
tiered testing are indicated.
17
-------
CARBOXIN
A-l. Generic Data Requirements: Environmental Fate (See Chapter V)
Guidelines
Citation
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
Totally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
163.62-7(b)
163.62-7(c)
163.62-8(b)
Hydrolysis
Photodegradation
Aerobic Soil Metabolism
1/
1/
V
163.62-8(c)
Anaerobic Soil
Metabolism
1/
163.62-8(f) Microbial Metabolism:
(2) Effects of Microbes
on Pesticides
(3) Effects of
Pesticides on
Microbes
no
partial
partially^
4/
partially^
partially
partially
00003088^
00005540
00003225
05002176
00003041
00002935
05004996
00003226
00005540
05004129
05005110
05006789
05003218
00005540
05002757
05003947
05003657
05003852
yes, 14 months
yes, 14 months
yes, 14 months
yes, 14 months
reserved^/
reserved^
Ttiese data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements.
V Radiolabeled analytical grade or non radiolabeled technical material.
2/ This study is useful and fills part of the requirements i.e., it provided information on rate of photodegradation
tnder natural and artificial lights. However it failed to identify the photo products. Thus further
data are required. A study of photolysis on soil is also required.
3/ Data are required on aerobic soil metabolism of carboxin sulfoxide (preferably in silt loam, loamy sand or sandy soils).
The data are insufficient to evaluate carboxin sulfoxide persistence in aerobic soil.
4/ Additional data are required to include 2 more soil types (preferably loam and silt loam soils).
5/ Requirements for the submission of these data are currently being reserved pending development of protocols by the Agency.
August 1981
18
-------
CARBQXIN
A-2. Generic Data Requirements: Environmental Fate (See Chapter V)
Guidelines
Citation
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
*It>tally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
163.62-8(g)
Activated Sludge
Metabolism
163.62-9(b) Leaching
163.62-9(d) Adsorption/Desorpt ion
163.62-10(b) Terrestrial Field
Dissipations
(1) Field & Vegetable
Crops
163.62-ll(b) Accumulation in
Rotational Crops
163.62-ll(d) Fish Aocunulation
163.62-13 . Disposal & Storage
2/
2/
all
Representative
Formulation
5/
2/
partially^
partially^
all
00003227
00003114
00003229
00005541
05003915
00003087
00003114
00003224
00005544
00005545
reserved^
no^/
no
yes, 14 months
yes, 14 months
no
reserved^
Hiese data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the quidance package for updated requirements.
1/ Requirements for the submission of thi se data are currently being reserved pending developement of protocols by the Agency.
2/ Radiolabeled analytical grade or non »adiolabeled technical material
3/ Data requirements have been met by data submitted on adsorption/desorption-
4/ Dissipation and mobility rates for cadoxin formulations under actual use conditions are required.
5/ Radiolabeled analytical grade, and if radioactivity is found in the crops, followed with a field study using
a typical representative formulation product.
6/ Hie available data satisfy the lab data requirements, however a field study is needed to determine if residues
will be taken up by rotational crops.
August 1981
19
-------
Guidelines
Citation
CARBCKIN
A-l. Generic Data Requirements: Tbxicology (See Chapter VI)
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
"totally Satisfy
this Requirement?
163.81-1 Acute Oral Toxicity
163.81-2 Acute Dermal Toxicity
163.81-3 Acute inhalation Toxicity
163.81-4 Primary Eye Irritation
163.81-5 Primary Skin Irritation
163.81-6 Dermal Sensitization
163.82-1 Subchronic 21-Day
Cfal
163.82-2 Sdbdironic 21-Day
Dermal Toxicity
163.82-4 Subchronic Inhalation
Toxicity
Technical Grade of all
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of all
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
partially^
Technical Grade of no
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of all
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of no
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of all
Active. Ingredient
Technical Grade of all
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of no
Active Ingredient
Bibliographic
Citation
00003065
00003066
00003116
0003119
00003063
00003030
00003216
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
no
no
yes, 14 months
yes, 14 months
no
yes, 14 months
no
no
2/
reserved—
Hiese data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements.
1/ Since the study gave neither the particle size nor the actual concentration of carboxin in the inhalation
chamber, further testing is required.
2/ Will depend on results of an acute inhalation test for technical carboxin.
August 1981
20
-------
A-2.
CARBCKIN
Generic Data Requirements: Tbxicology (See Chapter VI)
Guidelines
Citation
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
Tbtally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
163.83-1
163.83-2
163.83-3
163.83-4
163.84-2
through -4
163.85-1
Chronic Feeding
Oncogenicity
Teratogenicity
Reproduction
Mutagenicity
Metabolism
(Identification of
Metabolites)
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
all
partially
partially
all
partially
all
00003031
00003152
00003031
00003152
00003120
00003032
00003118
00002945
00002943
00002944
no
yes^, 38 months
2/
yes— , 24 months
no
yes^r 24 months
no
these data requirements ace current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements.
1/ An eighteen-month mouse oncogenicity study is needed to meet this requirement.
2/ A teratogenicity test is needed an a second mammalian species, i.e. in addition to the test on rats.
3/ Test choices within these categories must be accompanied with rationale.
(1) At least 1 more test for detecting gene mutations from among these types:
. Insects e.g. sex-linked recessive lethal test.
. Mammalian somatic cells in culture with and without metabolic activation.
. Mouse specific locus test.
(2) At least 3 test for detecting chromosomal aberrations (see 163.84-l(b)(2)(ii).
(3) At least 2 tests for detecting primary ENA damage (sec 163.84-l(b)(2)(iii)).
August 1981
21
-------
CARBCKIN
A-l. Generic Data Requirements: Residue Chemistry (See Chapter VII)
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
"totally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(C)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
Metabolism in
Plants
Radiolabeled
Active Ingredient
partially^
Metabolism in
Animals
Analytical Methods
Radiolabeled
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
partially
partially
05001172
05001304
05001302
05002793
05006363
05013368
05002886
05003664
05003673
05003663
05002177
00003044
00002941
05002737^-
00003058,,
00003335^
00002919
00003054
00002905
00002940,. x
00002857^'
00025467
00025468
00025483
yes^,
14 months
yes*'
1/ There are sufficient data for seed treatment use; however, only partial data have been submitted for the combined
foliar and soil use on peanuts, new data will be necessary.
2/ Additional studies to determine the adequacy of milk and meat tolerances may be necessary depending on the outcome of
the peanut plant metabolism and residue studies.
3/ Suitable for obtaining residue data, but not suitable for tolerance enforcement.
4/ Additional studies may be necessary if new metabolites are identified by the metabolisn studies.
5/ This method is acceptable for tolerance enforcement en meat, milk, and eggs. This same method may be acceptable for
enforcement of tolerances on crops if supported by validation data that showed detection of insoluble anilide complexes.
August 1981
22
-------
CARBCKIN
A-2. Generic Data Requirements: Residue Chemistry (See Chapter VII)
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
Tbtally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
Residue Data:
Crops -
Corn
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
all
00003335
05002737
00005852
00003356
00025483
no
Cottonseed
Peanuts
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
all
partially^
00003129
00003185
00025468
00003045
00025468
00002905
00002903
00003300
no
reserved^
ttfieat
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
all
00003219
00003158
00003045
00003218
00002961
no
Barley
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
all
00003158
00025468
00003221
no
Oats
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
all
00025468
00003220
00003158
no
Sorghum
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
all
00003045
00003054
00025468
no
1/ Only partial data have been submitted for the combined foliar and soil use on peanuts, new data will be necessary.
2/ Studies may be necessary depending on the outcome of peanut plant metabolism and residue studies.
August 1981
23
-------
CARBCKIN
A-3. Generic Data Requirements: Residue Chemistry (See Chapter VII)
Name of Test
(imposition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
Tbtally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
Residue Data:
Processed Crops
Cotton seed
oil
meal
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
all
00002938
00002938
no
Peanuts
meal
oil
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
partially
00003300
00003300
reserved^,
14 months
Residue Data:
milk
meat
poultry and
eggs
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
partially^
partially^
no±/
00002945
00002945
reserved^.
reserved^,
reserved^,
14 months
14 months
14 months
yes
no
Storage Stability Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
1/ Tftese tests may be required pending the outcome of the metabolism and residue studies on peanuts.
00025466
GS001201
August 1981
24
-------
CARBQXIN
A. Generic Data Requirements: Ecological Effects
(See Chapter VIII)
Guidelines
Citation
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
Tbtally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(C)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
163.71-1
Avian Single-Dose Oral LD^
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
no
-
yes, 14 months
163.71-2
Avian Dietary LC5Q
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
partial—^
00003139
yes, 14 months
163.72-1
Fish Acute
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
no
-
yes, 14 months
163.72-2
Acute Toxicity to Aquatic
Invertebrates
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
no
-
yes, 14 months
163.122-1
Seed
Gemination
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
no
-
2/
yes— , 24 months
163.122-1
Vegetative
Vigor
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
no
1/
2/
yes- , 24 months
163.122-2
Effects on Algae
•technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
no
1/
2/
yes— , 24 months
163.122-2
Effects on Aquatic
Macrophytes
Technical Grade of
Active Ingredient
no
—
2/
yes— , 24 months
These data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements.
1/ Data are required on the avian dietary LDj-q for an upland game bird. The requirement has been fulfilled for the mallard duck.
2/ These data are required unless the manufacturing-use product is labeled to exclude manufacturing into products intended for
combined foliar and soil application to peanuts.
3/ The Agency has evaluated a few studies, but they are insufficient to fulfill the requirements.
August 1981
25
-------
Carboxin
B. Product Specific Manufacturing-Use Products Data Requirements: Product Chemistry (See Chapter IV)
Guidelines
Citation
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
Tbtally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic Must Additional Data
Citation be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
-• If So, due when?
163.61-3 Product Identity &
Disclosure of Ingredients
163.61-4 Description of
Manufacturing Process
163.61-5 Discussion on Formation
of Unintentional
Ingredients
163.61-6 Declaration &
Certification of
Ingredients Limits
163.61-7 Product Analytical
Methods & Data
163.61-8 Physical/Chemical
Properties
Each Product
Each Product
Each Product
Each Product
Each Product
Technical or
Manu facturing-
Use Product
yes
partially^
no
no
partially^
partially
1/
00003172
00002995
1/
no
3/
yes-
3/
yes—
yes, 14 months
These data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements.
1/ Confidential Statements of Formula, EPA Form 8570-4.
2/ The manufacturing process is not sufficiently detailed for technical carboxin or the formulation intermediate.
3/ These requirements must be fulfilled by each applicant. Data from other applicants may not be cited. Therefore, even if the
requirement has been partially or completely fulfilled for sane products, no references are given. These requirements must be
filled at the time of registration or reregistration.
4/ The analytical methods are of sufficient detail to satisfy the Agency's requirements. However, validation data and results of
analysis on at least five typical samples of each product must be submitted
August 1981
26
-------
Carboxin
C. Product Specific End—Use Products Data Requirements: Product Chemistry (See Chapter IV)
Guidelines
Citation
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
•totally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic Must Additional Data
Citation be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
163.61-3 Product Identity
& Disclosure of
Ingredients
163.61-4 Description of
Manufacturing
Etooess
167.61-5 Discussion on
Formation of
Unintentional
Ingredients
163.61-6 Declaration &
Certification of
Ingredients Limits
163.61-7 Product Analytical
Methods & Data
163.61-8 Physical/Chemical
Properties
Each Product
Each Product
Each Product
Each Product
Each Product
Each Product
partially^
4/
partially-'
partially^
no
partially^
partially^
2/
2/
2/
2/
yes^
yes^/
yes^
yesi/
These data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements.
1/ Oily data specified in the Confidential Statements of Formula EPA Form 8570-4 will be required.
2/ Confidential Statements of Formula, EPA Form 8570-4.
3/ These requirements must be fulfilled by each applicant. Data from other applicants may not be cited. Therefore, even if the
requirement has been partially or completely fulfilled for seme products, no references are given. These requirements must be
filled at the time of registration or reregistration.
4/ Manufacturing process for Vitavax Flowable Fungicide is the only process adequately described.
August 1981
27
-------
CAKBOXIN
C. Product Specific End-Use Products Data Requirements: Toxicology (See Chapter VI)
Guidelines
Citation
Name of Test
Composition
Does EPA Have Data
to Partially or
Tbtally Satisfy
this Requirement?
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional Data
be Submitted Under
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)?
If So, due when?
163.81-1
163.81-2
Acute Ctal Toxicity
Acute Dermal Toxicity
163.81-3
163.81-4
Acute Inhalation
Toxicity
Primary Eye
Irritation
163.81-5
Primary Skin
Irritation
Each Formulation—
or Substantially
Similar Formulation
Each Formulatior>-
or Substantially
Similar Formulation
Each Formulation—
or Substantially
Similar Formulation
Each FomulatioiH^
or Substantially
Similar Formulation
Ea«:h Formulation—
or Substantially
Similar Formulation
partially
partially
partially
partially
partially
00003317-1/
0000308lJ)
00003082^
GS001205^/
00003314j^
00003080|^
000058
00005866|(
GS001203—
00003034f(
00003083^
GS001204^
0000330l|/
00003035=y
00003161^-y
00005857^
00003005^
GS001202—
0000331lj^
00003162-5^
000058565/
00005864|/
GS001206^
3/
yes- , 14 months
7/
yes-7 ,
14 months
3/
yes-' , 14 months
7/
yes-' , 14 months
7/
yes-' ,
14 months
These data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements.
1/ See Guidance Package for requirements for each formulation or substantially similar formulation.
2/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 75% a.i. wettable powder/dust formulation.
3/ Further testing is required for a 29.52% a.i. soluble concentrate/liquid, 25% a.i. dust, and a 10% a.i.
granular formulation.
4/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 34% a.i. ready-to-use formulation.
5/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 17 o a.i. flowable formulation.
6/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 29.52% a.i. soluble concentrate/liquid formulation.
7/ Further testing is required for a 25% dust formulation.
8/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 10% a.i. granular formulation.
August 1981
28
-------
IV. PRODUCT CHEMISTRY
A. Chemical Identity
B. Manufacturing Process
C. Ingredient Limits in Carboxin Products
D. Product Analytical Methods and Data
E. Physical and Chemical Properties
F. Summary of Data Gaps
A. CHEMICAL IDENTITY
Carboxin is the common name accepted by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) for the chemical 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-
carboxanilide. Carboxin is also known by the trade name Vitavax® and by the
abbreviations DMOC and DCMO. The Chemical Abstracts Registry number is 5234-
68-4; the Uniroyal, Inc. internal code numbers as D-735 and F-735; and the EPA
Shaughnessy number is 090201. The canmcn name, carboxin, will be used
throughout this standard in lieu of other chemical or trade names.
B* manufacturing PROCESS
The specific details of the synthesis process for technical carboxin are
considered trade secrets. There are two procedures, and they are detailed in
Uniroyal, 19??, MRID 00003296 and Uniroyal, 1976, MRID 00003084. The
manufacturing process for the formulation - Vitavax® Flowable Fungicide - has
been submitted to the Agency (Uniroyal, .19??, MRID 00003231). This process is
also considered a trade secret.
Manufacturing processes for the other products have not been submitted to the
Agency.
C. INGREDIENT LIMITS IN CARBOXIN PRODUCTS
A commitment (certification) is required frcm each registrant that the
ingredients and impurities in the product will be maintained, within specified
limits for as long as the product is offered for sale. Upper and lower limits
are required for the active and intentionally added inert ingredients. Upper
limits are required for the impurities. These have not been established for
any carboxin product.
D. PRODUCT ANALYTICAL METHODS AND DATA
Infrared spectroscopic methods for the assay of carboxin in the technical
product and in formulations have been submitted to the Agency, (Puchalsky,
1968, MRID 00003172 and Uniroyal, 19??, MRID 00002995). A titrimetric method
has also been submitted for the determination of carboxin in the technical
product (Uniroyal, 1960, MRID 00002978). The above-mentioned infrared
spectroscopic and titrimetric methods have been published by Stone (1976, MRID
05005076).
29
-------
Carboxin formulations may be analyzed for the active ingredient by an
ultraviolet spectrophotometry method (Harda, 1978, MRID 05003778).
The above mentioned assay methods are sufficiently detailed to satisfy Agency
requirements. However, validation data and results of analysis on at least
five typical samples of each product have not been submitted. This information
will need to be submitted.
E. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
The following information is for technical carboxin, unless otherwise mentioned.
1. Color
Off-white (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and Confidential Statement of
Formula [CSF])
2. Odor
Described as "faint" (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF)
3. Melting Point
Two melting ranges of technical carboxin are 91.5-92.5°C and 98-101°C,
reflecting two crystalline structures. In solution the two structures revert
to one. It is reported that that there are no differences in biological
activity between the two structures (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF).
4. Density or Specific Gravity
Product Density/Specific Gravity
Technical 1.70
Technical 40-45 lbs/ft^*
Formulation Intermediate 20-30 lbs/ft *
Beady to Use (Flowable) 1.05-1.13 gm/tol
Soluble Concentrate (Liquid) 1.13-1.18 gm/faL
*Bulk density
(Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF)
30
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5, Physical State
Product
Physical State
Technical
Formulation Intermediate
Wettable Powder/Dust
Ready-to-Use (Flowable)
Soluble Concentrate
Dust
Crystalline solid
Solid
Powder
Liquid
Liquid
Powder
(Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF)
6. Solubility
Solvent
Distilled Water
Benzene
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Acetone
Methanol
Ethanol
7. Stability
Gm Solute/100 gm solvent 0 25 C
0.017
15
150
60
21
11
(Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859)
Carboxin is readily inactivated by ultraviolet light and sunlight (Buchenour,
1975, MRID 05002823).
8. pH
There are two Ready-to-Use (Flowable) formulations. The pH range for one of
these formulations is 7.0-9.0, the other is 6.2-8.2. The pH for the soluble
concentrate formulation is 9.0-10.5 (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF).
9. Flammability
Product Type
Technical
Ready-to-Use (Flowable)
Ready-to-Use (Flowable)
Soluble Concentrate (Liquid)
Flash Point
Test Method
203 C C.O.C.*
>93 C Unreported
102 C Unreported
56 C Unreported
*Cleveland Open Cup Method
(Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF)
10. Storage Stability
Three years (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859).
31
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F. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS
A detailed manufacturing process for the technical product, the formulation
intermediate, and each end-use product except Vitavax® Flowable Fungicide;
details on the formation of unintentional ingredients; certification of
ingredient limits; validation data and results frcm analysis on each product;
and various physical/chemical properties must be submitted to the Agency.
32
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V. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
A. Use Summary
B. Environmental Fate Profile
C. Exposure Profile
D. Summary of Data Gaps
A. USE SUMMARY
Carboxin is a systemic fungicide registered for use as a seed treatment for
control of smuts and seed rot and seedling blight caused by Khizoctonia
solani. As a single active ingredient* use sites include barley, corn,
cottonseed, oats, peanuts, and wheat. Carboxin is also registered for Special
Local Needs (FIFRA section 24(c)) as a combined foliar and soil application on
peanuts to control Southern blight (in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas only).
At present six products with carboxin as the sole active ingredient are
registered for use: a dust (25% a.i.); a wettable pov*3er/dust (75% a.i.); two
ready-to-use flowable liquids (34% and 17.1% a.i.); and two liquid soluble
concentrates (both 29.5% a.i.). For SLN use there are two formulations
registered: a 34% flowable concentrate and a 4% granular.
Current seed treatment uses and application rates, by formulation, are
summarized in Table 1; and SLN combined foliar and soil application rates are
summarized in Table 2, on the following pages.
33
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Table 1
Seed Treatment Application Rates
RATE RANGE (oz. product/100 lb seeds)
Formulation* WP/D RTU D SC/L
(75%) (34% & 17.1%) (25%) (29.52%)
Crop
Barley 2-3-^ 2-3-/
Corn 2-4—^ 4-6
Cottonseed 4-8 16-/ 20-/
Oats 1-2 2-3-/
Peanuts 2-6
Wheat 2-3—^ 2-3^
*WP/D- Wettable Powder/Dust
RTU- Ready-to-Use
D- Dust
SC/L- Soluble Concentrate/Liquid
—^4 oz./lOO lbs. for seed production purposes only
—^34% Ready to Use Formulation
c /
~'17.1% Ready to Use Formulation
—^Limited by registrant to seed treatment by
professional applicators only
34
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Table 2
Foliar Application Rates on Peanuts
Formulation* FC (34%) G (4%)
State
a /
Alabama 3 pints/acre—'
Georgia 3 pints/acre—^
25 lbs./acre—^
North Carolina 3 pints/acre^ 25 lbs ./acre^
Oklahoma 3 pints/acre—^ 25 lbs:/acre—^
c /
2 pints/acre—
South Carolina 3 pints/acre^
a / j
Texas 3 pints/acre— 25 lbs./acre—
c /
2 pints/acre—'
* FC- Flowable Concentrate
G- Granular
—^Mixed with 20 gallons of water and applied by ground spray
—^Mixed with 30 gallons of water and applied by ground spray
—^Applied by overhead irrigation only
—^Applied by air or ground broadcast
35
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B. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROFILE
The available data are insufficient to completely assess the environmental fate
of carboxin.
In aqueous solution (under UV light and in the dark) carboxin was oxidized to
carboxin sulfoxide, carboxin sulfone, and tvo unidentified compounds (A and
B). The photolytic half-life was less than four hours. After sevgn days of
irradiation in aqueous solution, 40 and 9 percent of the exposed C carboxin
was present as the unidentified ccmpounds A and B, respectively. Fourteen days
later, 57 percent of the radioactivity was present as compound A and 19 percent
as compound B. Fomation of compound A was accelerated in a 2 percent acetone-
water solution (Smilo, 1977, MRID 00003088).
Carboxin was degraded in aerobic soil. The haxf-life of carboxin was less than
one day in loamy sand and silt loam soil, and less than three days in sandy
soil, with more than 95 percent of the applied carboxin being degraded within
seven days. The major degradation product was carboxin sulfoxide, which
represented 31-54 percent of the applied radioactivity at seven days after
treatment. Carboxin sulfoxide residue levels declined to 28-49 percent and 19
percent of the applied radioactivity at 30 and 154 days after treatment,
respectively. Several minor degradation products were also for^|d (carboxin
sulfone, p-hydroxy carboxin sulfoxide, p-hydroxy carboxin, and G02).
Carboxin was degraded in sterile soil but at a much slower rate than in
nonsterile soil (46-72 percent degraded in seven days). This indicated that
the soil metabolism of carboxin under aerobic conditions was both a microbial
and chemical process. Carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone were stable
under anaerobic conditions (Chin et al., 1972, MRID 00002935; Chin et al.,
1969, MRID 00003041; Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002176; Chin et al., 1970, MRID
05004996; Dzialo and Lacadie, 1978, MRID 00003225; Dzialo et al., 1978, MRID
00003226; and Spare, 1979, MRID 00005540).
Carboxin was oxidized to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone by flavin
enzymes found in fungal mitochondria. The fungus Ustilago roaydis and isolated
mitochondria frcm Trametes versicolor and Aspergillus niger were capable of
oxidizing carboxin to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone. This reaction
was accelerated under illuminated conditions. A Pseudonvonas species oxidized
carboxin to carboxin sulfoxide in three days and to carboxin sulfone in seven
days (Balasubramanya and Patil, 1976, MRID 05006289). Carboxin sulfone was
hydrolyzed to form 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-carboxylic acid-4,4-
dioxide and aniline (Lyr et al., 1974, MRID 05003852). Basillus cereus
oxidized carboxin to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone in Nile River
water containing added sludge (El-Dib and Aly, 1976, MRID 05003218; Bachofer et
al., 1973, MRID 05005110; and Michail et al., 1975, MRID 05004129).
The effect of carboxin on microorganisms is varied. At two ppm, carboxin had a
slight inhibitory effect on fungal populations for 21 days and inhibited starch
degradation (33-55 percent) for three days. A severe inhibitory effect on
nitification (75-85 percent) occurred frcm 7 to 14 days after treatment with
carboxin at two ppm. This inhibition may have been due to carboxin sulfoxide
36
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since more than 95 percent of the carboxin was degraded within seven days
(Spare, 1979, MRID 00005540). Carboxin at 50 ppm inhibited dehydrogenase
activity in fungi 30 percent (Lyr et al., 1974, MRID 05003852).
In the laboratory, carboxin inhibited two strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
in nutrient agar. When applied to inoculated seed at 0.1-0.2 ppm (approximate
actual application rate), carboxin inhibited nodulation of soybeans inoculated
with Rhizobium japonicum by up to 83 percent and completely inhibited
nodulation of Vigna an^uiculata inoculated with rhizobia strains 3 756 and XS
30 however, treated unmoculated seeds planted in soil containing rhizobia
strains CB 756 and XS 30 produced nodules (Curley and Burton, 1975, MRID
05003947). Azotobacter chroococcum and Rhizobium trifolii in nutrient agar
were not inhibited by carboxin at two and ten ppm, respectively. Although
carboxin sulfone at 25-150 ppm decreased nitogen fixation by Rhizobia trifolii
20-25 percent, it is doubtful that carboxin sulfone will be present in
concentrations greater than 0.05 ppm as a result of the application of
carboxin. Of the 23 common soil bacteria and fungi exposed to carboxin, only
four experienced growth reductions of 20 percent or more at the lowest
concentration of 2.5 ppm (Spare, 1979, MRID 00005540; El-Dib and Aly, 1976,
MRID 05003218; Fisher, 1976, MRID 05002757; and Kritzman et al., 1977, MRID
05002989).
Both carboxin.and carboxin sulfoxide were mobile in soil, with about half of
the applied C carboxin leaching through the twelve inch column of clay loam
soil (Lacadie et al., 1978, MRID 00003227 and Dannals et al., 1976, MRID
00003114). Lacadie et al. (1978, MRID 00003229) found that radiolabeled
carboxin aged in sandy soil was mobile. Approximately 17 percent of the
applied radioactivity was recovered in the leachate from a twelve inch soil
column. One-third of the radioactivity was in the top three inches and one-
fourth was in the three to six inch segment of the soil column. Carboxin,
carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone were identified in the leachate and
accounted for 0.3, 3.3 and 0.5 percent respectively of the applied
radioactivity.
Smyser (1979, MRID 00005541) found that there is a low potential for carboxin
adsorption to a sandy loam soil (Freundlich adsorption coefficient was
K=0.78). The calculated desorption coefficient was K=1.10.
A simulated field dissipation study was conducted by Cardona et al. (1976, MRID
00003087), One month after a sandy loam soil was treated with radiolabeled
carboxin (1 lb./acre) only 4 percent of the applied carboxin had not degraded.
The major degradation products were carboxin sulfoxide (31-33 percent) and an
unidentified compound II (6-18 percent). Two months after treatment the
carboxin could not be detected and only 4 percent of the sulfoxide and 2-3
percent of compound II remained. After one year, approximately 75-80 percent
of the radioactivity remaining was found in the top six inches. Leaching to at
least 11 inches was indicated by the detection of radioactivity at that depth.
The detection of the compound, its metabolites, or degradation products at a
depth of 11 inches one year after application indicated that carboxin aged
residues wsre persistent and mobile.
37
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14
Dannals et al. (1976, MRID 00003114) found C residues in wheat (seed),
beets (top and root^ and lettuce planted in a sandy loam soil four months
after treated with C-carboxin at 1 lb. a.i./acre. The concentration of
oxathiin-labeled residues present in those crops were 1.5-60 times higher than
the concentration of aniline-labeled residues.
A field study by Uniroyal Chemical (1978, MRID 00003224) showed that carboxin
residues were rot taken up in turnip roots planted 59 days after treatment with
carboxin (Vitavax® 3F). Carboxin residues were less than 0.2 ppm, the
sensitivity of the method used, in turnip greens and rye seed planted after
treatment. However, the analytical method was not sensitive enough to
determine conclusively that residues less than 0.2 ppm were not taken up by
rotational crops.
Bluegill sunfish exposed to carboxin at a constant concentration of 0.012 ppm
for 30 days accumulated the compound at 0.50 ppm with a bioaccumulation factor
of 45. A plateau was not reached during the 30-day exposure period, thus
indicating that there is a potential for carboxin residues to accumulate in
sunfish. Residue levels were increasing at the end of the exposure period,
indicating that continued uptake of C residues could occur because carboxin
oxidative products (carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone) are stable and
persistent in water and probably would be available for uptake (accumulation)
beyond 3CLdays. After a 14-day depuration period, 23 percent (0.11 ppm) of the
maximum C residue levels remained in the sunfish (Kuc and Doebbler, 1979,
MRID 00005544). Catfish exposed to carboxin and its aged residues at 0.05 ppm
accumulated,0.36 ppm with a bioaccumulation factor of 5 after exposure for 22
days. The C residue levels in the whole fish tissue had declined by
approximately 15 percent (to 0.31 ppm) at 30 days. After a 14-day depuration
period, 32 percent (0.12 ppm) of the maximum C residue levels in catfish
remained (Kuc and Doebbler, 1979, MRID 00005545). Since 40-80 percent of the
residues in the bluegill sunfish and over 50 percent of the residues in the
catfish were unextractable, the identity of the unextractable compounds cannot
be established.
In summary, carboxin is rapidly degraded to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin
sulfone (greater than 95 percent within seven days) by microbial and chemical
processes in aerobic soil. Based on the nobility data available, carboxin was
not tightly adsorbed to sandy loam soil and was mobile in soil columns under
rapid leaching conditions, indicating a potential to contaminate ground water.
Mobility of carboxin aged in soil was mitigated by its degradation to carboxin
sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone. However, carboxin sulfoxide and small amounts
of carboxin sulfone were mobile in soil columns, indicating their potential to
reach ground water.
Carboxin severely yet briefly inhibits starch degradation and when used as a
seed treatment on inoculated seeds severely inhibits formation of nodules by
some strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Therefore, the use of carboxin on
inoculated legumes (currently used on peanuts) may have an effect on symbiotic
nitrogen fixation and therefore en the amounts of nitrogen available to peanuts.
38
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Carboxin residue levels of 0.50 and 0.36 ppm accumulated in bluegill sunfish
and catfish. Carboxin sulfoxide was the major carboxin metabolite in
bluegills, but the carboxin residues in catfish were not identified.
Carboxin sulfoxide was the major degradation product of carboxin in soil and
water. Carboxin sulfoxide was present in aerobic soil for at least five months
and was stable in anaerobic soil, Carboxin was photodegraded to carboxin
sulfoxide and two unidentified compounds. Carboxin sulfoxide may inhibit
nitrification in soil.
Carboxin sulfone (the fungicide oxycarboxin) is a minor product of carboxin
degradation. It will not be present in soil in a sufficient concentration to
result in significant exposure.
C. EXPOSURE PROFILE
1. Seed Treatment Formulations Only
Exposure from this use pattern to humans, livestock, and wildlife via spray
drift is unlikely because the chemical is not applied aerially. Carboxin and
its residues have been shown to be mobile in soil indicating a potential for
groundwater contaminate. Although the mobility of carboxin aged in soil was
mitigated by its degradation to the sulfoxide and sulfone, these degradates
were also mobile in soil. However, since single active ingredient formulations
of carboxin are used primarily as seed treatments, the use pattern minimizes
the potential exposure of humans and domestic animals to carboxin and its
residues via groundwater contamination. Carboxin residues indicated a
potential to accumulate in bluegill sunfish and catfish. However, as
formulations containing the single active ingredient carboxin are used
primarily in seed treatments, this potential hazard is minimized. Potential
exposure of humans by ingestion of carboxin residues in rotated crops is also
minimized by this use pattern.
Potential exposure of wildlife exists through the ingestion of treated seeds.
Mechanically planted seeds may be left uncovered or partially covered at the
end of rows, and therefore wildlife, especially birds, could ingest treated
seeds. Data necessary to estimate the nature and extent of such exposure are
unavailable.
The greatest potential for human exposure exists during seed treatment, most of
which is done by seed processors or seed companies. Respiratory exposures may
be especially high from the use of dust formulations, and commercial
applicators are switching to the flowable concentrate to reduce such exposure.
Dermal exposure from handling treated seed is expected to be low since most
seeds are mechanically planted.
39
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2* Special Local Need Registrations
a. Flowable Concentrate
Exposure to humans, livestock and wildlife via spray drift is unlikely because
the product is not applied aerially. Exposure by spray drift as a result of
ground application is not expected because of the use directions which state
that the spray solution should be directed to the crown of the plaint and
pegging zone as a course spray. Direct exposure to humans by overhead
irrigation of plants.is expected to be minimal due to the dilution directions
involved in its application. However, dermal, ocular and oral exposure to
humans may occur from drinking and washing of face and hands with irrigation
water. Wildlife and domestic animals may potentially be exposed by drinking
the irrigation water. Carboxin and its residues have been shown to be mobile
in soil indicating a potential to runoff and/or contaminate ground water. The
data necessary to develop a quantitative assessment of carboxin and its
residues to contaminate ground water are not available. Carboxin residues
indicated a potential to accumulate in bluegills and catfish. The Agency does
not currently have data to develop a quantitative assessment of fish exposure
to residues of carboxin in adjacent ponds as a result of runoff. Potential
exposure of humans to carboxin residues by ingestion of rotated crops is
increased by the increased dosage and the number of applications involved in
the flowable concentrate use on peanuts. Itie Agency does not currently have
data to estimate the nature and extent of such exposure.
b. Granular Formulation
Exposure is possible from the drift of dust particles from aerial applications
of granulars. However, little or no information is presently available on the
aerial application of granular fungicides. Potential exposure of humans to
carboxin and its degradation products by ingestion of rotated crops is
increased by the increased dosage and number of applications involved in the
granular product use on peanuts, since the granular product falls predominantly
on the ground with little intercepted by peanut foliage. Because of increased
levels of residues, the preharvest interval has been increased to 60 days.
Exposure by mobility and accumulation in fish is similar to the flowable
concentrate, but the exposure is increased because of the use pattern for the
granular product.
D. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS
A number of the guideline requirements have been partially fulfilled by the
data submitted. However, data are still needed to adequately assess the
environmental fate of carboxin. The specific deficiencies can be found in the
Data Requirements Charts in Chapter III. The data gaps are: hydrolysis,
photodegradation, aerobic and anaerobic soil metabolism, terrestrial field
dissipation, and accumulation in rotational crops.
40
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VI. TOXICOLOGY
A. Toxicology Profile
B. Human and Domestic Animal Hazard Assessment
C. Summary of Data Gaps
A. TOXICOLOGY PROFILE
1. Technical Carboxin
a. Acute Effects
A limited amount of information was available to assess the acute oral toxicity
of technical carboxin. The oral LD5Q in rats was 3.82 + 0.35 g/kg which is
sufficient to assign technical carboxin to Toxicity Category III (Carson, 1965,
MRID 00003065).
An acute dermal toxicity test was conducted in rabbits (Carson, 1965, MRID
00003066). The data show that when applied as a 50% aqueous slurry, technical
carboxin causes no mortality at levels of 8 q/kg, Which is sufficient to assign
it to Toxicity Category III.
Babish (1977, MRID 00003116) reported that exposure for one hour to a
concentration of 20 ml/1 of technical carboxin did not cause mortality in rats
in an acute inhalation toxicity test. However, due to inappropriate testing
protocols, this study must be repeated.
In a primary dermal irritation study conducted on rabbits, 0.5 gm of technical
carboxin was applied to the skin and did not cause irritation (Babish, 1977,
MRID 00003119). This study indicates that technical carboxin is not a
potential skin irritant and may be assigned to Toxicity Category IV.
b. Subchronic Effects
Sufficient data were available to assess the subchronic dietary and dermal
effect of technical carboxin. In the rat 90-day feeding study the No Observ-
able Effect Level (NOEL) was 200 ppm of carboxin in the diet. At the 600 ppm
level, the effects noted were degenerative renal changes (Ozer, 1966, MRID
00003063). In the two-year dog feeding study the NOEL was 600 ppm (Holsing,
1969, MRID 00003030). In addition, in a 21-day dermal study, rabbits treated
with 3.0 gAg did rot produce any treatment related effects (Holsing, 1968,
MRID 00003216). No data were available to assess the subchronic inhalation
toxicity of technical carboxin. However, the requirements of these data is
reserved pending the final results of the acute inhalation study.
c. Chronic Effects
In a screening study, groups of rats were fed for two years diets containing 0,
300, 1,000 or 3,000 ppm of technical carboxin (Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003152).
A NOEL was not established in this study because the dose levels were too
high. However, in a subsequent chronic feeding study over a two year period,
41
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rats were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200, or 600 ppm of technical carboxin
(Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003031). This study indicated that the NOEL is 200
ppm. At the 600 ppm level the effects were poor survival and weight gain
depression. These data are sufficient to satisfy the requirement for chronic
feeding.
No evidence of oncogenicity was indicated in either of the two-year feeding
studies (Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003031 and Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003152).
However, oncongenic testing in a second species (preferably the mouse) is
required.
A teratology study was conducted in rats by Knickerbocker (1977, MRID
00003120). Technical carboxin at doses as high as 4.0 mgAg/day did not
produce any maternal toxicity. However, teratogenicity testing is still
required in a second species.
In a three generation reproduction study, rats were fed diets containing 100,
200, and 600 ppm technical carboxin (Holsing, 1968, MRID 00003032). There were
no treatment related effects on reproductive performance. The NOEL was
established at 200 ppm.
d. Mutagenicity
Mutagenicity testing is incomplete. In a study by Brusick (1977, MRID
00003118) tvo different types of tests for detecting gene mutations were
reported. Carboxin was tested in the Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay
with and without a rat liver microsome metabolic activation system. No
increases in reversion frequency were detected in either assay. Carboxin was
also tested in a mutation assay system using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but
procedures in this assay were inadequately described. Additional mutagenicity
testing is required,
e. Metabolism
Kennedy (1971, MRID 00002943) reported cxi the distribution and excretion of
C carboxin in rats. Between 88 and 99 percent of the compound was
recovered, most within 24 ho^s of treatment. The urine contained 42-89
percent of the administered C and the feces contained 10-45 percent. The
remainder was found in the animal's tissues and organs.
In a companion study, Kennedy (1971, MRID 00002944) characterized the *^C
activity in urine and feces using thin layer chromatography and liquid,,
scintillation. Carboxin sulfoxide accounted for 27-45 percent of the C in
the 24 hour sample and 47-56 percent in the 72 hour sample. Three additional
urinary components were detected but not identified, and the parent compound
was not^present. The major component found in the feces (19-36 percent of
fecal C) was tentatively identified as carboxin sulfone.
These studies collectively provide sufficient information about the metabolism
of carboxin in animals.
42
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2. End-Use Carboxin
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, and inhalational) and irritation testing (eye and
dermal) is required for each formulation or substantially similar formulation.
a. Acute Effects- Oral
One test (Matthews, 1970, MRID 00003317) is available on the acute oral LDcq
of a 75% wettable powder/dust formulation. The LD^q value for this
formulation in albino rats is greater than 2 gAg. This is sufficient
information to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category III.
Two acute oral toxicity studies were conducted that together show that the
LD,-n for the 34% ready-to-use liquid formulation in rats is greater than 5
ml/leg, or 5 g/kg (Babish, 1977, MRID 00003081 and Babish, 1977, MRID
00003082). This is sufficient information to place this formulation in
Toxicity Category IV.
The acute oral LDqn of the 17% flowable formulation was found to be greater
than 5 ml/kg in rats (Babish, 1977, MRID GS001205). This formulation falls
into Toxicity Category IV.
b. Acute Effects-Dermal
A dermal toxicity study was conducted on rabbits using a 75% wettable
powder/dust formulation (Matthews, 1970, MRID 00003314). No deaths and no
signs of toxicity were observed at doses up to 10 gAg. This is sufficient
information to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category III.
The acute dermal LD,-n value of a 34% ready-to-use formulation was found to be
greater than 20 ml/Kg or 20 gAg in albino rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID
00003080). This is sufficient information to assign this formulation to
Toxicity Category IV.
The acute dermal LA-n value of a 29.52% soluble concentrate/liquid
formulation was found to be greater than 5 gAg for albino rabbits (Stevens,
1979, MRID 00005858). This information is sufficient to assign this
formulation to Toxicity Category III.
The acute dermal LA-n of a 10% granular formulation is greater than 20 gAg
in albino rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID 00005866). No deaths occurred in the 14
day observation period. Decreased activity and anorexia were the only toxic
signs. This is sufficient information to assign this formulation to Toxicity
Category IV.
The acute dermal LD™ of a 17% flowable formulation is greater than 20 gAg
in rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID GS001203). Hiis test substance falls within
Toxicity Category IV.
43
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c. Acute Effects- Inhalation
Binnes et al. (1969, MRID 00003034) found that the LCcn value of a 75%
wettable powder/dust formulation is greater than 5 rng/I for rats. No animals
died, but test animals displayed a nasal discharge during exposure. This
formulation can be assigned a Toxicity Category III.
Rats were exposed to a. concentration of 20 mg/1 of a 34% ready-to-use
formulation. No mortality was produced, but ataxia was observed (Babish, 1977,
MRID 00003083). These data indicate that this formulation can be assigned to
Toxicity Category IV.
The inhalation LC,-0 of a 17% flowable formulation is greater than 20 ml/1 in
rats (Babish, 1977, MRID GS001204). This test substance falls within Toxicity
Category IV.
d. Acute Effects- Eye Irritation
Two studies were conducted using a 75% wettable powder/dust formulation.
Holsing (1968, MRID 00003035) placed 100 mg of the formulation in the eyes of
rabbits and observed marked and persistent conjunctival effects, iris
irritation, and corneal opacity. In general, the irritation and corneal damage
were still present after 14 days. Bailey (1976, MRID 00003301), also placed
100 mg of the 75% wettable powder formulation into one eye of each rabbit and
noted corneal opacity within 72 hours, and damage to the iris, although neither
of these effects persisted for seven days. Conjunctival effects occurred and
persisted for seven days. This information is sufficient to assign this
formulation to Toxicity Category I, however, if the registrant wishes to repeat
an eye irritation study for the required 21 days, the Toxicity Category may be
lowered.
Testing a 34% ready-to-use formulation for eye irritation, Babish (1976, MRID
00003161) found no irritation to the conjunctiva, iris or cornea of the eyes of
the test rabbits. This formulation can be assigned to Toxicity Category IV.
Stevens (1979, MRID 00005857) tested a 29.52% soluble concentrate/liquid
formulation for eye irritation. Results show transient conjunctival effects,
however no iris or cornea irritation was observed. These observations are
sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV.
A 10% granular formulation was instilled in one eye (unwashed) of each of six
rabbits (Bailey, 1976, MRID 00003005). This treatment did not produce corneal
damage, but did cause slight conjunctival effects, including redness, swelling,
and discharge. These effects started within 72 hours in all six rabbits and
persisted in four rabbits for seven days. These results are sufficient to
place this formulation in Toxicity Category III, however, if the registrant
wishes to repeat an eye irritation study for the required 21 days, the Toxicity
Category may be lowered.
A 17% flowable formulation was a mild to moderate eye irritant to rabbits which
produced corneal opacity persisting over 72 hours, but less than seven days
44
-------
(Babish, 1977, MRID GS001202). The average Draize score was 0.66, which is
sufficient to place this formulation into Toxicity Category III.
e. Acute Effects- Dermal Irritation
No irritation was observed at 24 and 72 hours after a 75% wettable powder/dust
formulation was applied to the skin of rabbits (Matthews, 1970, MRID
00003311). These results are sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity
Category IV.
Moderate irritation to the intact and abraded skin of albino rabbits was
observed at 24 and 72 hours after application of a 34% ready-to-use formulation
(Babish, 1976, MRID 00003162). Erythema and edema were also noted. These
results were sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV.
The 29.52% soluble concentrate/liquid formulation was severely irritating when
applied to both intact and abraded skin of albino rabbits. Moderate to severe
erythema and edema persisted throughout the 72 hour observation period
(Stevens, 1979, MRID 00005856). These results were sufficient to assign this
formulation to Toxicity Category III.
No irritation was observed at 24 and 72 hours after a 10% granular formulation
was applied to the skin of rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID 00005864). These
results are sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV.
A 17% flowable formulation produced edema for 72 hours when tested on rabbits
(Babish, 1977, MRID GS001206). The average Draize score was 0.50, indicating
that this formulation is not classified as a skin irritant and can be placed
into Toxicity Category IV.
B. HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT
1. Technical
The information available to assess potential hazard as a result of chronic
exposure is incomplete (see the Toxicity Profile for details). However, the
available data suggest carboxin poses little or no discernible risk in regards
to oncogenic, teratogenic and reproductive effects to man or domestic animals.
In addition, the data on acute oral, acute dermal and primary deirmal irritation
indicate the products containing carboxin are in Toxicity Category III. No
data were available to assess the acute inhalation, primary eye irritation and
dermal sensitization hazard.
2. Wettable Powder/Dust (wp/p)
The 75% WP/D formulation had low acute oral, acute dermal, acute inhalation and
primary skin irritation potentials. However, the overriding toxic effect is
the primary eye irritation category. Two irritation studies show that this
formulation is a moderate to severe eye irritant and appropriate labelling and
caution (Category I) is necessary.
45
-------
3. Ready-to-Use (RTU)
The 34% and 17% RTU formulations, according to the acute oral, acute dermal,
acute inhalation, primary eye, and primary dermal irritation, are in Toxicity
Category IV (low hazard potential).
4. Soluble Concentrate/Liqu id (SC/L)
The 29.5% SC/L formulation, according to the acute dermal, primary eye
irritation, and dermal irritation, is in Toxicity Category III. This is due to
the moderate dermal irritation effects.
5. Granular
The 10% granular formulation showed low dermal toxicity and irritation, however
there was moderate eye irritation. This formulation can be placed in Toxicity
Category III.
C. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS
The following tests are required for the reregistration of carboxin: acute oral
toxicity (25% dust, 29.5% soluble concentrate/liquid, and 10% granular),
acute dermal toxicity (25% dust), primary eye irritation (technical product and
25% dust), skin irritation (25% dust), acute inhalation toxicity (10% granular,
25% dust, 29.5% soluble concentrate/liquid), and the following tests on the
technical product only: dermal sensitivity, oncogenicity, teratogenicity, and
mutagenicity.
46
-------
VII. RESIDUE CHEMISTRY
A. Residue Chemistry Profile
B. Labeling Requirements
C. Summary of Data Gaps
A. RESIDUE CHEMISTRY PROFILE
1. Uptake and Distribution and Metabolism in Plants
Data obtained by a variety of methods show that carboxin is systemic in
plants. Extracts of plants grown from carboxin-treated seed or immersed in a
carboxin solution have been shown by bioassay methods to contain fungicidal
residues (Verma and Vyas, 1976, MRID 05001172; Thapliyal and Sinclair, 1971,
MRID 05001304; Thapliyal and Sinclair, 1970, MRID 05001302; Bolkan and Milne,
1975, MRID 05002793). Fungicidal residues persist up to 29 days in seme plants
(Bolkan and Milne, 1975, MRID 05002793).
The distribution of residues derived from phenyl-^C- or oxathiin-^C-
carboxin in cotton, wheat, barley, soybean, and bean plants has been studied
(Leroux and Gredt, 1972, MRID 05006363; Ambro-Balint, 1974, MRID 05013368;
Briggs et al., 1974, MRID 05002886; Thapliyal and Sinclair, 1971,
MRID 05001304; Kirk et al., MRID 1969, 05003664; Berggren and Pinckard, 1973;
MRID 05003673; Snel and Edgington, 1970, MRID 05003663; Chin et al., 1970,
MRID 05002177; Chin et al., 1969, MRID 00003044; Chin et al., 1972,
MRID 00002941). Bioassay data show that carboxin is systemic in all species
studied. The pattern of distribution of carboxin and its metabolites within
plants is variable, depending upon the species examined, the length of exposure
to the labeled compound. Data obtained by methods capable of detecting the
total radiolabeled residue (combustion technique, radioautography) show that
roots, lower stem and the earliest leaves contain the bulk of the radiolabeled
chemical (Kirk et al., 1969, MRID 05003664; Berggren and Pinckard, 1973, MRID
05003673; Snel and Edgington 1970, MRID 05003663; Chin et al., 1969, MRID
00003044). Radiolabeled carboxin distribution within plants was similar when
the C label was in the oxathiin or phenyl rings of carbon (Briggs et al.,
1974, MRID 05002886; and Chin et al., 1969, MRID 00003044).
The predominant metabolite of carboxin in wheat, beans, and barley plants grown
from C-carboxin-treated seed is the sulfoxide derivative of carboxin
(Leroux and Gredt, 1972, MRID 05006363; Ambro-Balint, 1974, MRID 05013368; Snel
and Edgington, 1970, MRID 05003663; Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002177). Small
amounts of carboxin sulfone (oxycarboxin) have been found in treated barley and
wheat (Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002177), and the p-hydroxylated derivative of
carboxin has been identified in barley (Briggs et al., 1974, MRID 05002886).
As crops mature, insoluble anilide complexes (these complexes of carboxin or
carboxin derivatives with macromolecules such as lignin are insoluble in water
and organic solvent and liberate aniline upon hydrolysis) increase (Briggs
et al., 1974, 05002886; Snel and Edgington, 1970, MRID 05003663? Chin et
al.,1970, MRID 05002177; Chin et al., 1972, MRID 00002941). Seven weeks after
planting, acetone-insoluble residues were 23 percent of the total residue in
barley and 40 percent in wheat (Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002177). Polar
metabolites of carboxin also increase during crop maturation (Leroux and
47
-------
Gredt, 1972, MRID 05006363; Snel and Edgington 1970, MRID 05003663), but do not
contribute significantly to the total residue in aerial portions of plants
(Leroux and Gredt, 1972, MRID 05006363).
The uptake, distribution and metabolism of carboxin in plants has been
adequately defined for the registered seed treatments. The residues of concern
are: carboxin, carboxin sulfoxide, carboxin sulfone and insoluble anilide
complexes.
2. Metabolism in Food-Producing Animals
Data on the metabolism of carboxin in food-producing animals have not been
submitted to the Agency.
The Agency is not requiring an animal metabolism study to support the seed
treatment use of carboxin. Data from a ruminant feeding study (see Residues in
Animals) in conjunction with data on residues in crops (see Residues in
Plants) indicate that total residues would be low or undetectable in tissues of
animals fed commodities grown from seed treated with carboxin at application
rates now permitted.
Additional metabolism and residue studies are being required to support the
combined foliar and soil application to peanuts. If these studies show a
higher residue level than that resulting from seed treatment, metabolism
studies may be necessary on ruminants and poultry, since peanut meal, hulls,
and soapstock are feed items.
3. Analytical Methods
A colorimetric method (Lane, 1970, MRID 05002737), by which carboxin and
carboxin derivatives are determined as aniline, has been used to obtain most
residue data on growing crops. Sensitivity of this method is 0.2 ppnu
Sane residue data were obtained by an earlier version of the aforementioned
colorimetric method (Lane, 1966, MRID 00003058).
A gas chromatographic method also based on determination of aniline has been
used to gather data on residues in mature crops (Sisken and Newell, 1971, MRID
00003335). Sensitivity of the method is 0.2 ppm.
Recovery data for both methods are acceptable. No pesticide with tolerances on
commodities on which carboxin is used has been found to interfere with the GLC
method. Only pesticides hydrolyzable to 3,4-dichloroaniline, such as diuron
and linuron, have been found to interfere with the colorimetric method (Lane
and Sisken, 19??, MRID 00025467; Uniroyal Chemical, 1970, MRID 00025468;
Uniroyal Chemical, 197?, MRID 00025483; Uniroyal Chemical, 1975, MRID 00002919;
Uniroyal Chemical, 1975, MRID 00003054; Uniroyal Chemical, 1974, MRID 00002905;
and Uniroyal Chemical, 1972, MRID.00002940).
The colorimetric method determines most carboxin derivatives including
insoluble anilide complexes, but samples analyzed by the GLC method are not
48
-------
likely to detect insoluble complexes. There have been no data submitted
indicating the fraction of total residues determined by either method.
The colorimetric and GLC methods are subject to considerable interferences in
untreated crop samples. A modified colorimetric method for residues
hydrolyzable to aniline in meat, milk and eggs has been submitted
(UniroyalChemical, 1973, MRID 00002857). The method differs from that of Lane
in that samples undergo extraction and column-chrcmatography clean up steps
prior to steam distillation. Sensitivity of the method is 0.2 ppm for meat and
meat by- products, 0.05 ppm for eggs, and 0.02 - 0.05 ppm for milk. Untreated
sample blanks are low, recovery data are adequate and other pesticide and
pesticides with tolerances on meat, milk, and eggs do not interfere with the
determination of carboxin. The method has been successfully tried out in an
EPA laboratory and is published in the Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM). This
method has not been validated for commodities other than meat, milk and eggs.
In sunmary, both the colorimetric method of Lane and the GLC method of Sisken
and Newell are suitable for obtaining residue data, although the latter method
may not determine insoluble aniline complexes. Neither method is suitable for
tolerance enforcement, but a modification of the colorimetric method is
acceptable for enforcement of tolerances on meat, milk, and eggs. The modified
method may be acceptable for tolerance enforcement on crops, if data, including
data showing that the method determines insoluble anilide complexes, are
submitted and the method was validated.
4. Residues in Plants
The following tables of residue data reflect the use of carboxin as a seed
treatment. Residues in or on immature crops were analyzed primarily by the
colorimetric method of Lane (1970, MRID 05002737), and residues in mature crops
by the GLC method of Sisken and Newell (1971, MRID 00003335).
The residue level on carboxin-fortified plant samples did not change after
seven months of subzero storage (colorimetric method, Stone, 1969, GS001201) or
on fortified seed samples stored for 11 months at room temperature (GLC method,
Sisken and Lane, 1970, MRID 00025466).
49
-------
Corn: Residue data have been obtained on fodder (vd-iole immature plants) ,
forage (stalks at harvest), ears (without husks), and grain. Data were
gathered in Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Minnesota, Washington, Nebraska and North
Carolina:
RESIDUE SUMMARY
RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION
SAMPLE PHI RATE(s) ppm (as carboxin)
(weeks) (oz/cwt seed) <0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5
oust y
Fodder 4-21 1.5,3.0 12 0 0
Forage 22-23 1.0-3.0 6 0 0
Ears 21-25 1.0-3.0 8 0 0
grain 21-24 1.5-6.0 8 0 0
READY-TO-USE (FLOWABLE)
Fodder 4 1.4-2.7 0 11*
Fodder 5-9 1.4-2.7 11 10
Forage 15-26 0.7,4.0 10 0 0
Ears 15-26 0.7,4.0 10 0 0
SOLUBLE CONCENTRATE-LIQUID
Fodder 10-15 1.1 8 0 0
Forage 17-29 1.1 5 0 0
Ears 9-17 1.1 6 0 0
Grain 14-17 1.1 2 0 0
[*] (1.1 ppm)
V Uniroyal Chemical, 197?, MRID 00025483
2/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1973, MRID 00005852
3/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1975, MRID 00003356
COTTONSEED: Data on residues in whole cotton plants, seed, and in proceeded
fractions of seed were obtained in California, Georgia, Mississippi, and
Florida:
RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION
PHI RATE(S) ppn (as carboxin)
SAMPLE (weeks) (oz/cwt seed) <0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5
FLOV&BLS FUNGICIDE
Seed 28-30 2.8-12.8 9 0 0
WETTABLE POWDER
Whole plant
2-4
3-12
0
0
13*
Whole plant
5-8
3-12
4
3
7**
Whole plant
10-14
3-12
6
2
0
[*] (2-32 ppm)
[**] (0.6-1.2 ppm)
1/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1973, MRID 00003129
2/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1970, MRID 00025468
3/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1967, MRID 00003185
50
-------
Residues declined with a half-life of 5 days. Residues were less than 0.2 ppm
in oil and meal from processed cottonseed grown from seed treated with 6 or 12
oz. carboxin per 100 lb. of seed (Sisken, 1970, MRID 00002938).
PEANUTS: Data on whole plants, peanut seed, meal and oil from processed
seed, and on hulls were gathered from Georgia, North Carolina, Florida, and
Texas:
RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION
SAMPLE
PHI
RATE(s)
ppm (as
carboxin)
(weeks)
(oz/cwt seed)
<0.2 0
.2-0.5
>0.5
2-4
4.5,9.0
0
2
8*
4-7
4.5,9.0
3
2
3**
8-10
4.5,9.0
4
2
2***
declined
with a half-life of 4-5 days.
20
4.5,9.0
4
0
0
20
4.5,9.0
4
0
0
17
2.25,4.5
4****
0
0
17
2.25,4.5
4****
0
0
17
2.25,4.5
4 ****
0
0
17
2.25,4.5
4****
0
0
WETTABLE POV0ER, , 0 ,
Whole plant-
Whole plant
Whole plant
i
Hullsr-y
Hulls- 5/
Whole/Seed—
53^
[*] (1.3-53 ppm)
[**] (1.3-3.6 ppm)
[***) (0.7-0.8 ppm) 14
[****] xhe formulation contained C-carboxin. All residues were less
than 0.05 ppm.
1/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1970, l*RID 00025468
2/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1969, M*ID 00003045
7/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1974, MlID 00002905
1/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1974, NRID 00002903
5/ Collier et al., 1974, NRID 00003300
Additional residue studies are required to support the combined foliar and soil
application to peanuts.
51
-------
SMALL GRAINS: Data have been obtained in Idaho, Illinois, Utah, Kansas,
North Dakota, Texas, and Manitoba on residues in vdiole plants and grain of
oats, barley and wheat.
SAMPLE
PHI
(weeks)
RATE (s)
(oz/cwt seed)
POST —
Wheat-vdiole-plants-^
Wheat-grainxy
Wheat-straw-{y
Barley-grai n*/,
Barley-str ay'
Oats-grainjy
Oats-straw-'
READY-TO-USE (FLOV&BLE)-5//
RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION
ppn (as carboxin)
<0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5
6
17-19
17-19
18
18
23
23
1.5,3.0
1.5,3.0
1.5,3.0
1.5,3.0
1.5,3.0
1.5,3.0
1.5,3.0
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wieat-fcfoole plants
4
1.2-4.0
2
2
6*
Wheat-whole plants
6-12
1.2-2.0
6
3
0
Wheat-whole plants
6-12
2.4-4.0
4
1
4 **
Wheat-grain
12-40
1.2-5.6
12
0
0
Wheat-straw
12-40
1.2-4.0
10
0
0
Barley-whole plants
4
1.2-4.0
2
4
0
Barley-whole plants
6-12
1.2-2.4
7
1
0
Barley-whole plants
6-12
4.0
2
1
1#
Barley-grain
12-34
1.2-4.0
6
0
0
Barley-straw
12-34
1.2-4.0
6
0
0
WETTABLE POWDER/DUST ,,
Wheat-whole plants—
4-11
4-11
Wheat-whole^plants
Wheat-straw- -
Barley-whole plants- — 2-3
Barley-whole plantsQ . 4-11
Barley-wholegplanta- 1
Barley-grain- «/
Oats-whole plants-'
4-11
14-41
6-11
4
8
6
0
8
8
4
2##
3-6
8
0
0
3-8
0
0
4$
3-4
14
4
0
8
6
4
1##
4-12
8
0
0
4-12
9
3
0
ResigugSpki whole plants declined with an approximate half-life of 10
davs—'
days-
[*] (0.8-1.8 ppm)
[**] (0.6-8.7 ppm)
[#] (0.8 ppm)
[##] (0.6 ppm)
[$] (0.9-13.3 ppm)
1/ Uniroyal Chemical
2/ Uniroyal Chemical
3/ Uniroyal Chemical
4/ Uni royal Chemical
5/ Uniroyal Chemical
\/ Uniroyal Chemical
7/ Uniroyal Chemical
][/ Uniroyal Chemical
1978,
1978,
1977,
1978,
1973,
1969,
1972,
1970,
MRID
MRID
MRID
MRID
MRID
MUD
MRID
MRID
00003219
00003218
00003221
00003220
00003158
00003045
00002961
00025468
52
-------
SORGHUM; Data were obtained on growing plants, grain, and fodder (plants
after harvest) in Nebraska, South Dakota, Kansas, Missouri, and Texas.
RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION
PHI RATE(s) ppn (as carboxin)
SAMPLE (weeks) (oz/cwt seed) <0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5
READY-TO USE (FLOWABLET^
Whole plants 4-9 3,6 6 0 0
SOLUBLE CONCENTRATE-LIQUID
Whole plants
4-14
1.1,2.2
22
2
0
Fodder
14
1.1,2.2
8
0
0
Grain
7-14
1.1,2.2
6
0
0
WETTABLE POVJDER/DUST
Whole plants
2-4
3,6
2
0
14*
Whole plants
4-11
3
8
6
0
Whole plants
4-11
6
7
1
6**
Residues declined with a half-life of 11 days^
[*] (0.6-10.8)
[**1 (0.6-1.7)
[11 Uniroyal Chemical, 1969, MRID 00003045
[2] Uni royal Chemical, 1975, MRID 00003054
[3] Uniroyal Chemical, 1970, MRID 00025468
Data on residues in plants are adequate for the currently registered uses of
carboxin, and are consistent with existing tolerances.
53
-------
5. Residues of Carboxin in Animals
14
Three lactating cows were administered phenyl- C-carboxin in the diet.
Milk, urine, and feces were monitored daily for radioactivity, and after
tendays of treatment the animals were sacrificed, and muscle, kidney, liver,
and fat analyzed for radioactivity. Most of the radiolabel was excreted in the
urine, the rate of excretion plateauing after the second day. Maximal
radioactivity in the feces was reached in the first week. Trace radioactivity
in milk plateaued after the first few days. Less than two percent of the
ingested carboxin was detected in tissues at sacrifice. Residues were
distributed as follows (Kennedy and Jenkins, 1971, MRID 00002945).
TOTAL RESIDUE (PPB - EXPRESSED AS CARBOXIN)
PPM ADMINISTERED LIVER KIDNEY MUSCLE FAT MILK (MAXIMUM)
03 22 18 ? 3 1
1.5 78 71 23 7 4
5.0 147 81 39 13 8
The feeding study adequately depicts the distribution of tagged residues in
animals ingesting carboxin. However, the nature of the residue in food-
producing animals is not known.
Data on residues in poultry and eggs have not been submitted to the Agency,
however, the Agency is not requiring a poultry feeding study to support the
seed treatment use of carboxin. The feeding study described above indicates no
propensity far residues to accumulate in animal tissues, and data on residues
in crops (see Residues in Plants) demonstrate the absence of detectable
residues in poultry feed items.
B. LABELING REQUIREMENTS
Labels on all carboxin formulations are required to prohibit use of treated
seed for food, feed, or oil purposes. A restriction on grazing livestock on
treated areas for six weeks after planting should remain on products used on
barley, corn, oats and wheat. Formulations used on cottonseed are required to
bear a prohibition against grazing of livestock on treated areas and feeding
hay grown frcm treated seed. The wettable powder formulation used on peanuts
should continue to bear a restriction against grazing treated areas, but the
current label restriction against feeding peanut hay (mature vines) to
livestock is unnecessary because the established tolerance on peanut hay is
adequate to cover seed treatment use.
C. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS
Data demonstrating that the enforcement method is capable of determining the
residue of concern in crops are required. Due to the SM registrations for
combined foliar and soil use, additional residue and metabolism studies on
peanuts are required. If these studies show a higher residue level than that
from seed treatment, residue and metabolism studies may be necessary on
ruminants and poultry, since peanut meal, hulls, and soapstock are feed items.
54
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VIII. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
A. Ecological Effects Profile
B. Ecological Effects Hazard Assessment
C. Summary of Data Gaps
A. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROFILE
Scientifically sound data an the toxicity of technical or end-use carboxin to
nontarget organisms arc very limited. One study (Fink, 1974, MRID 00003139)
showed that technical carboxin is practically nontoxic to mallard ducks, with
an I£t-g value greater than 4640 ppm.
A few studies were presented vrfiich demonstrate the phytotoxicity of technical
carboxin. A study showed that five ounces of technical carboxin per one
hundred pounds of seed (cwt) as a seed treatment had no effect on wheat or
barley (Kratka, 1971, MRID 05003530). Another study demonstrated that cotton
seedlings grown in a nutrient solution containing 40 ppm carboxin suffered
severe growth reduction (Davis, 1971, MRID 05001204). In a third study, a
100 ppm foliar drench of carboxin had no effect on begonia growth (Harris,
1975, MRID 05003951).
The following EC,Q values for seed treatments were demonstrated using a 34%
flowable concentrate formulation:
Crop
Treatment
Reference
Cotton
8 oz./ewt
Uniroyal,
1972, MRID
00003125
Wheat
28 oz./ewt
Uniroyal,
1973, MRID
00003094
Barley
28 oz./ewt
Uniroyal,
1973, MRID
00003094
Peanuts
2.2 lb a.i./acre*
Uniroyal,
1977, MRID
00003236
* This is a foliar spray application.
There was no effect on vrtieat or oats from a seed treatment of 12 oz. a.i./cwt,
the highest level tested for the 25% dust formulation. The EC,Q for barley
was 3-4 oz. a.i./cwt for the 25% dust (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005548).
55
-------
There was no effect frcm using the 75% wettable powder formulations as seed
treatments on the following crops:
Crop
Treatment
Reference
Wheat
Corn
Peanuts
6 oz. a.i./cwt Uniroyal, 1973, MRID 00002910
3 oz. a.i./cwt Uniroyal, 1971, MRID 00002951
8 oz. a.i./cwt Clark, 1971, MRID 05003675
Barley
4 oz. a.i./cwt Clark, 1971, MRID 05003675
Foliar applications of the wcttable powder formulation at the rate of eight to
nine pounds a.i./acre had only a slight effect on peanuts (Uniroyal, 1971, MRID
00002859 and Uniroyal, 1975, MRID 00003149).
There was no effect to peanuts resulting from the application of three pounds
a.i./acre of 4* granular carboxin when applied at the pegging stage (Uniroyal,
1973, MRID 00002861).
There was no effect to aotton following a seed treatment using an experimental
10% liquid formulation at a rate of 8 oz./cwt (Uniroyal, 1974, MRID 00003001).
B. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Insufficient information is available on the technical, or end-use products, or
their degradates to evaluate the potential impacts from carboxin to nontarget
fish and wildlife species.
Due to the scarcity of information, a detailed plant hazard assessment cannot
be made at this time. However, there is sane information concerning the
effects of carboxin on crops on vrtiich it is used. Those crops (corn, cotton,
peanuts, wheat, barley, and oats) suffer no ill effects frcm seed treatments at
the recommended rates, although cotton displayed phytotoxic symptoms when
subjected to a root drench at a higher rate. Begonia, the only ornamental
tested, suffered no injury frcm a foliar drench.
All existing uses could expose nontarget fish and wildlife species to the
parent compound or its degradates, carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone.
However, in the absence of appropriate data the significance of the exposure
cannot be addressed.
C. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS
The following tests are needed to meet minimum fish and wildlife data
requirements to support the registration of carboxin:
Avian single-dose oral LD50test for either a wild waterfowl (preferably the
mallard) or an upland game bird (preferably the bobwhite quail, other native
56
-------
quail or the ring-nocked pheasant). The species selected is to be the same as
one of the two species selected for the avian dietary LC^q tests.
Avian dietary DC^test for an upland game bird (preferably the bobwhite
quail, other native quail, or the ringed-neck pheasant).
Fish acute LC^test for one ooldwater fish species, preferably the rainbow
trout, and one warmwater species, preferably the bluegill.
Acute ££50test for one species of freshwater invertebrate.
For the combined foliar and soil applications of carboxin, tests will noed to
be performed for the effect on seed germination, vegetative vigor, effects on
algae, and aquatic macrophytes. These tests are not required for products
registered soley for seed treatment.
Further data may be required depending upon the examination of the above data
and adequate environmental chemistry data on the parent compound as well as its
degradates.
57
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IX. CASE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Guide to Use of This Biblioqraphy
1. Content of Biblioqraphy. This bibliography contains citations of all the
studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclusions stated
elsewhere in this standard. The bibliography is divided into two sections:
(1) citations in numerical order that contributed information useful to
the review of the chemical and are considered to be part of the data base
supporting registrations under the standard, and (2) an alphabetical
listing of all documents reviewed by the Agency. Primary sources for
studies in this bibliography have been the body of data submitted to EPA
and its predecessor agencies in support of past regulatory decisions, and
the published technical literature.
2. Units of Entry. Hie unit of entry in this bibliography is called a
"study". In the case of published materials, this corresponds closely to
an article. In the case of unpublished materials submitted to the Agency,
the Agency has sought to identify documents at a level parallel to a
published article from within the typically larger volumes in which they
were submitted. The resulting "studies" generally have a distinct title
(or at least a single subject), can stand alone for purposes of review, and
can be described with a conventional bibliographic citation. The Agency
has attempted also to unite basic documents and commentaries upon them,
treating them as a single study.
3. Identification of Entries. The entries in this bibliography are sorted
by author, date of the document, and title. Each entry bears, to the left
of the citation proper, a nine-digit numeric identifier. This number is
unique to the citations and should be used at any time specific reference
is required. This number is called the "Master Record Identifier" or
"MRID". It is not related to the six-digit "Accession Number", which has
been used to identify volumes of submitted data; see paragraph 4(d)(4)
below for a further explanation. In a few cases, entries added to the
bibliography late in the review may be preceded by a nine-character
temporary identifier. This is also to be used whenever a specific
reference is needed.
4. Form of the Entry. In addition to the Master Record Identifier (MRID),
each entry consists of a bibliographic citation containing standard
elements followed, in the case of materials submitted to EPA, by a
description of the earliest known submission. The bibliographic
conventions used reflect the standards of the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI), expanded to provide for certain special needs. Same
explanatory notes of specific elements follow:
.a. Author. Whenever the Agency could confidently identify one, the
Agency has chosen to show a personal author. When no individual was
identified, the Agency has shown an identifiable laboratory or testing
facility as author. As a last resort, the Agency has shown the first
known submitter as author.
58
-------
b. Document Date. When the date appears as four digits with no
question marks, the Agency took it directly from the document. When a
four-digit date is followed by a question mark, the bibliographer
deduced the date from evidence in the document. When the date appears
as (19??), the Agency was unable to determine or estimate the date of
the document.
c. Title. This is the third element in the citation. In some cases it
has been necessary for Agency bibliographers to create or enhance a
document title. Any such editorial insertions are contained between
square brackets.
d. Trailing Parentheses. For studies submitted to us in the past, the
trailing parentheses include (in addition to any self-explanatory
text) the following elements describing the earliest known
submissions:
Submission pate. Immediately following the v*>rd 'received'
appears the date of the earliest known submission, at the time'
that particular document was processed into the Pesticide
Document Management System.
(2) Administrative Number. The next element, immediately following
the word 'under', is the registration number, experimental permit
number, petition number, or other administrative number
associated with the earliest known submission, at the time that
particular document was processed into the Pesticide Document
Management System.
(3) Submitter. Hre third element is the submitter, following the
phrase 'submitted by'. When authorship is defaulted to the
submitter, this element is emitted.
(4) Volume Identification. The final element in the trailing
parenthesis identifies the EPA accession number of the volume in
which the original submission of the study appears. The six-
digit accession number follows the symbol 'CDL', standing for
"Company Data Library". Itiis accession number is in turn
followed by an alphabetic suffix which shows the relative
position of the study within the volume. For example, within
accession number 123456, the first study would be 123456-A; the
second, 123456-B; the 26th, 123456-Z? and the 27th,123456-AA.
59
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OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
REGISTRATION STANDARD NUMERICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting
Registrations Under the Standard
-------
MRID CITATION
00002857 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Enforcement Method for Vitavax®in Animal
Tissue, Milk and Egqs. Method dated Sep 17, 1973. (Unpub-
lished study received on unknown date under 3F1318;
CDL:093547-D)
00002859 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Reasoning in Support of the Petition:
received Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-O)
00002861 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavaxw 10G: Peanuts: Phytotoxicity.
(Unpublished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL:
230405-N)
00002903 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residue Analysis of Peanut Hulls for
Vitavax®. (Unpublished study received on unknown date
under 4F1499; CDL:093979-C)
00002905 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) The Effects of EPA Tolerance Pesticides
upon the Recovery of Vitavax® Residues from Peanuts. (Un-
published study received on unknown date under 4F1499; prepared
in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:093979-F)
00002910 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance and Phytotoxicity Re-
port. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499;
CDL:094551-P)
00002935 Chin, W.T.; Dannals, L.E.; Kucharczyk, N. (1972) Environmental Fate
Studies on Vitavax®: Status Report on PR 70-15. (Unpub-
lished study received Mar 6, 1972 under 2F1191; submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093515-A)
00002938 Sisken, H.R. (1970) Determination of Residual Vitavax® in Meal
and Oil from Cotton and Peanut Seed. (Unpublished study
received Jul 28, 1972 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091603-A)
00002941 Chin, W.T.; Kucharczyk, N.; Smith, A.E. (1972) Nature of
Vitavax®-Derived Bound Residues in Plants. (Unpublished
study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:092254-F)
00002943 Kennedy, G. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of
Uniroyal, Inc.: Distribution and Excretion Study with Vitavax^in
Albino Rats: IBT No. E9289. (Unpublished study received Oct 9,
1973 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories,
Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:
092254-H)
00002944 Kennedy, G. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of Uni-
royal, Inc.: Characterization of 14C in Excreta of Rats Follow-
ing Oral Administration of Vitavax45:IBT No. E9290. (Unpublished
study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial
Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:092254-1)
-------
MRID CITATION
00002945 Kennedy, G.; Jenkins, D.H. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Div-
ision of Uniroyal, Inc.: Milk and Meat Residue Study in Dairy
Cows Treated with 14C-Labeled Vitavax®: IBT No. J294. (Unpub-
lished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; prepared by
Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:092254-J)
00002951 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished
study including report, received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318;
CDL:092253-F)
00002961 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Residue Data: Vitavax1®. (Unpublished
study received on unknown date under 2F1191; prepared in
coop ration with Morse Laboratories and Harris Laboratories;
CDL.-091003-A)
00002978 Uniroyal Chemical (1966) Vitavaxw Assay Method. Method dated
Jan 24, 1966. (Unpublished study received Auq 11, 1971 under
2F1191; CDL:093516-F)
00002995 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Control Test AC-1045-D: Assay of Vitavax
(and Its Formulations). Undated method. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:224929-C)
00003001 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:224933-B)
00003030 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: Two-Year Dietary Administra-
tion—Dogs: Project No. 798-103. (Unpublished study received
Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories,
Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:
091420-E)
00003031 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: 24-Month Dietary Administra-
tion—Albino Rats: Project No. 798-102. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Labora-
tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:091420-F)
00003032 Holsing, G.C. (1968) Final Report: Itiree-Generation Reproduction
Study—Rats: Project No. 798-104. (Unpublished study received
Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories,
Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:
091420-G)
00003034 Binns, R.; Berczy, Z.; Clark, G.C. (1969) Acute Inhalation Toxicity
to the Rat of Vitavax® EXist: 2540/68/417. (Unpublished study
received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Huntingdon Re-
search Centre, [Eng.l for Uniroyal, Ltd., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical-;'Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-K)
-------
MRID
00003035
00003044
00003045
00003054
00003058
00003063
00003065
00003066
00003080
00003081
CITATION
Holsing, G.C. (1963) Final Report: Acute Eye Irritation—Rabbits:
Project No. 798-151. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969
under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-L)
Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Shiith, A.E. (1969) l4C-VitavaxtU Studies
on Barley, Wheat and Cotton Plants. (Unpublished study received
Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:091420-W)
Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Disappearance Studies: Wheat and Barley;
1969 under 9G0819; CDL:091420-X)
Uniroyal Chemical (1975) The Effects of EPA Iblerance Pesticides
upon the Recovery of Vitavax® Residues from Sorghum: (1)
Grain, (2) Fodder and Forage. (Unpublished study including
sunnary, received Jun 9, 1975 under 5F1638; prepared in cooper-
ation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:094948-G)
Lane, J.R. (1966) Residue Analysis for D-735 and/or F-461. Method
dated May 16, 1966. (Unpublished study received Jan 25, 1967
under 400-81; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:121531-A)
Ozer, B.L. (1966) Report: Subacute (90-day) Feeding Studios with
D-735 in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 14, 1966 under
400-EX-27; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.
for United States Rubber Co., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-F)
Carson, S. (1965) Approximate Acute Oral LDcq in Rats: Vitavax®.
(Unpublished study received Dec 14, 196b under 400-EX-27; pre-
pared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., for
Div. of United States Rubber Co., submitted
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-N)
Naugatuck Chemical,
by Uniroyal Chemical,
Carson, S. (1965) Approximate Acute Dermal LD5Q in Rabbits:
EX-27; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.
for Naugatuck Chemical, Div. of United States Rubber Co., sub-
mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-0)
Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Un-
published study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-D)
Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-E)
-------
MRID CITATION
00003082 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-F)
00003083 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-G)
00003084 Uniroyal Chemical (1976) Vitavax® Manufacturing Process. (Unpub-
lished study including letter dated Sep 9, 1976 from T.E. Geise
to John Pryzbylek, received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL:
225601-A)
00003087 Cardona, R.A.; Dannals, L.E.; Smilo, A.R. (1976?) Fate of Vita-
vax^_(R)? in Soil: Project No. 7511. (Unpublished study received
May 3, 1977 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:231932-B)
00003088 Stnilo, A.R.; Iacadie, J.A.; Cardona, R. (1977) Photochemical Fate
of Vitavax® in Solution. (Unpublished study received
May 3, 1977 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:231932-C)
.00003094 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance Report: UNI-1088 and
1090. (Unpublished study received Jun 26, 1973 under 400-108;
CDL:008327-F)
00003114 Dannals, L.E.; Campbell, C.R.; Cardona, R.A. (1976) Environmental
Fate Studies on Vitavax®: Status Report II on PR 70-15.
Includes three undated methods. (Unpublished study received
Mar 17, 1976 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Beth-
any, Conn.; CDL:223866-A)
00003116 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.; submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-B)
00003118 Brusick, D.J. (1977) Mutagenicity Evaluation of D735: Final Itaport:
LBI Project No. 2683. (Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978
under 400-81; prepared by Litton Bionctics, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-D)
00003119 Babish, J.G. (1977) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-E)
-------
MRID
CITATION
00003120 Knickerbocker, M. (1977) Teratologic Evaluation of Vitavax^
Technical in Sprague Dawley Rats. (Unpublished study received
Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and Drug Research
Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany,
Conn.; CDL:233500-F)
0003125 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished
study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-H)
00003129 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM. (Unpublished study
received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; prepared in cooperation
with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:003284-P)
00003139 Fink, R. (1974) Final Report: Eight-Day Dietary LC50~Mallard
Ducks: Project No. 117-102. (Unpublished study including offi-
cial analytical report, received Mar 11, 1974 under 400-106;
prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:128723-A)
00003149 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Field Evaluation Report. (Unpublished
study received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL:225604-W)
00003152 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: 24-Month Dietary Administra-
tion—Albino Rats: Project No. 798-102. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Oct 21, 1971 under 400-90; prepared by Hazleton Labora-
tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:050926-A)
00003158 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax Flowable Fungicide: Summary of
Residues in Wheat and Barley. (Unpublished study received Doc
5, 1973 under 400-107; CDL.-023365-S)
00003161 Babish, J.G. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished
study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni-
royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-C)
00003162 Babish, J.G. (1976) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin,
no.; prepared by Food and Drug Research laboratories, Inc., sub-
mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-D)
00003172 Puchalsky, C.B. (1968) Infrared Method for the Assay of D-735, and
Its Content in Formulations. Method dated Jul 15, 1968. (Un-
published study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093520-H)
00003185 Uniroyal Chemical (1967) Residue Analysis of Cotton Seedlings from
Vitavax®-Treated Cotton Seeds. (Unpublished study received Nov
29, 1967 under 400-EX-28; CDL:123430-A)
-------
MRID CITATION
00003216 Holsinq, G.C. (1968) Final Report: Repeated Dermal Application—
Rabbits: Project No. 798-148. (Unpublished study received Jan
13, 1969 under 400-EX-33; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories,
Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: •
123439-M)
00003218 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Wheat: Vitavax® 25DB:
Grain & Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under
400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:235653-B)
00003219 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Wheat: Vitavax® 25DB:
Forage. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-115;
prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:
235653-C)
00003220 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Oats: Vitavax^ 25DB: Grain
& Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-
115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:235653-D)
00003221 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Residues in PPM: Barley: Vitavax^ 25DB:
Grain & Straw. (Unpiblished study received May 10, 1978 under
400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:235653-E)
00003224 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Response to EPA Letter Dated 6 October,
1977: Environmental Fate of Vitavax411 Funqicide. Sunroary of
studies 236662-F through 236662-J. Includes method no. 2344
dated Aug 22, 1978. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978
under 400-80; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories,
Inc.; CDL:236662-A)
00003225 Dzialo, D.G.; Lacadie, J.A. (1978) Aerobic Soil Study of 14C-
Vitavax® in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7746-1. (Unpublished
study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-F)
Dzialo, D.G.; Lacadie, J.A.; Cardona, R.A. (1978) Anaerobic Soil
Metabolism of HC-Vitavax^ in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7751.
(Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-G)
00003229 Lacadie, J.A.; Dzialo, D.G.; Dannals, L.E. (1978) Vitavax^
14C Aged Laboratory Column Leaching in Sandy Soil: Project
No. 7832. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under
400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:236662-J)
00003231 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^-Flowable Fungicide: Vitavaxil,-3F
Fungicide: Basic Manufacturing Process. (Unpublished study
received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; CDL:098014-B)
00003226
-------
MRID CITATION
00003236 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavaxw-3F: Peanuts. (Unpublished study
received May 30, 1978 under 400-EX-55; CDL:234122-B)
00003296 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax®: Chemical and Physical
Properties of Vitavax® Technical. (Unpublished study received
Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-J)
00003300 Collier, Y.J.; Wcmer, J.M.; Stone, G.M.; Kucharczyk, N. (1974)
Data of VitavaxM-14C Derived Residues in Peanut Hulls,
Seed, Oil and Meal. (Unpublished study received on unknown date
under 4F1499; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:093979-E)
00003301 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study: Vitavax® 75W.
(Unpublished study received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; prepared
by Food and Druq Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Cbnn.; CDL:225606-D)
00003311 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Primary Skin Irritation—Rabbits: Vita-
vaxw: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972
under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Cortn.; CDL:091003-G)
00003314 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute Dermal Application—Rabbits: Vita-
vax®: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972
under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-J)
00003317 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute LD^q—Rats (Oral): Vitavax®: Final
Report. (Unpublished study received May 0, 1972 under 2F1191;
prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chem-
ical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-M)
00003335 Sisken, H.R.; Newell, J.E. (1971) Determination of residues of
Vitavax^and its sulfoxide in seeds. Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 19(4):738—741. (Also Lq unpublished submission
received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-P)
00003356 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Residues of Vitavax^—EVS Concen-
trate in Corn. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1975 under
400-124; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:235928-C)
00005540 Spare, W. (1979) Report: Vitavax® Microbial Metabolism in Soil and
Its Effect on Microbes. Includes undated method. (Unpublished
study received Mar 28, 1979 under 400-81; prepared by Bio-
spherics, Inc. in cooperation with United States Testing Co.,
Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:
098029-A)
-------
MRID
CITATION
00005544 Kuc, W.JDaebbler, G.F. (1979) Uniroyal Chemical 14C-Vitavax(ij)
Bluegill Sunfish Bioconcentration Study: UCES Project No. 11506-
82. Includes undated method. (Unpublished study including
metabolite study, received Mar 28, 1979 under 400-81; prepared
by Union Carbide Corp., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany,
Conn.; CDL:098029-F)
00005545 Kuc, W.J.; Dacbbler, G.F. (1979) Uniroyal Chemical 14C-Vitavaxfc>
Bioconcentration Study: Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
(Rafinesque): Project No. 11506-82. Includes undated method.
(Unpublished study including metabolite study, received Mar 28,
1979 under 400-81; prepared by Union Carbide Corp., submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:098029-G)
00005548 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax(y-25DB: Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished
study received Feb 28, 1978 under 400-115; prepared in coopera-
tion with the University of Idaho, Experiment Station,
CDL:238076-D)
00005852 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM: Com: UNI-1088. (Unpub-
lished study received Mar 28, 1977 under 400-107; prepared in
cooperation with New York State Univ.—Oswego, Lake Oitario
Environmental Laboratory and Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:
238083-A) 1
00005856 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni-
royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-B)
00005857 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: Eye Irritation Test in Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared
by Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni-
royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-C)
00005858 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rab-
bits. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124;
prepared by Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-D)
00005859 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavaxto Fungicide: Technical Data
Sheet. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58;
CDL.-237329-A)
00025466 Sisken, H.R.; Lane, J.R. (1970) Storage Stability Studies of Vita-
vaxw Residue in Grain. (Unpublished study received Jan 12,
1970 under 0FO939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany,
Conn.; CDL:091604-E)
00025468 Lane, J.R.; Sisken, H.R. (1970) Specificity of the VitavaxM
Method for Seeds. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 un-
der 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:
091604-G)
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MRID CITATION
00025483 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1974) Summary of Corn and Rice Residue
Data. (Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525;
prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc. and State
Univ. College of New York—Oswego, Lake Ontario Environmental
Laboratory; CDL:094043-H)
05001172 Verma, R.K.; Vyas, S.C. (1976) Uptake, translocation and
persistence of five systemic fungicides in gram seedlings.
Pesticides 10(12):21-24.
05001302 Thapliyal, P.N.; Sinclair, J.B. (1970) Uptake of three systemic
fungicides by germinating soybean seed. Phytopathology
60(9):1373-1375.
05001;)4 Thapliyal, P.N.; Sinclair, J.B. (1971) Translocation of benomyl,
carboxin, and chloroneb in soybean seedlings. Phytopathology
61(10):1301-1302.
05002176 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1970) Degradation of
carboxin (Vitavax1®) in water and soil. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 18(4):731-732.
05002.177 Chin, W.T.j Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1970) Metabolism of carboxin
(Vitnvnxw) by barley and wheat plants. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 18(4):709-712.
05002737 Lane, J.R. (1970) Colorimetric microdetormination of Vitavax^ (5,6
dihydro-2-methyl-l, 4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide) residues in
crops. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
18(3):409-412.
05002793 Bolkan, H.A.; Milne, K.S. (1975) Systemic uptake of four
fungicides by potato plants. Plant Disease Reporter
59(3):214-218.
05002823 Buchenauer, H. (1975) Differences in light stability of some
carboxylic acid anilide fungicides in relation to their
applicability for seed and foliar treatment. Pesticide Science
6(5):525-535.
05002886 Briggs, D.E.; Waring, R.H.; Hackett, A.M. (1974) The metabolism of
carboxin in growing barley. Pesticide Science 5(5):599-607.
05003218 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1976) Persistence of some phenylamide
pesticides in the aquatic environment—III. Biological
degradation. Water Research 10(12):1055-1059.
05003663 Snel, M.? Edgington, L.V. (1970) Uptake, translocation and
decomposition of systemic oxathiin fungicides in bean.
Phytopathology 60(12)s1708-1716.
05003664 Kirk, B.T.; Sinclair, J.B.; Lambremont, E.N. (1969) Translocation
of 14C-labeled chloroneb and EMOC in cotton seedlings.
Phytopathology (59):1473-1476.
-------
MRID CITATION
05003673 Berggren, G.T.; Pinckard, J.A. (1973) Movement of the systemic
fungicide carboxin into cotton seedlings assisted by the
systemic insecticide monocrotophos. Plant Disease Reporter
57(8):642-645.
05003675 Clark, R.V. (1971) Influence of Vitavax® seed treatment and loose
smut infection on yields of barley and wheat. Canadian Plant
Disease Survey 51(3):131-133.
05003778 Handa, S.K. (1978) Spectrophotometry determination of carboxin in
formulations after extraction and thin layer chromatographic
separation. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists 61(4):971-972.
05003852 Lyr, H.; Ritter, G.; Banasiak, L. (1974) Detoxication of carboxin.
Zeitschrift fuer Allgemeine Mikrobiologie 14(4):313-320.
05003915 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1976) Persistence of some phenylamide
pesticides in the aquatic environment—I. Hydrolysis—II.
Adsorption on clay minerals—III. Biological degradation.
Water Research 10(12)s1047-1053,1055-1059.
05003947 Curley, R.L.; Burton, J.C. (1975) Compatibility of Rhizobium
japonicum with chemical seed protectants. Agronomy Journal
67(6):807-808.
05004129 Michail, S.H.; Elarosi, H.; Abd-El-Rehim, M.A.; Shohda, W.T. (1975)
Persistence of certain systemic and non-systemic
fungicides in the soil, with special reference to the method of
application. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 14(2/3):138-139.
05004996 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E.; Schmeling, B. von (1970)
Fate of carboxin in soil, plants and animals. Pages
322-327, In Proceedings of the Fifth British Insecticide and
Fungicide Conference; Nov 17-20, 1969, Brighton, England. Vol.
2. Brighton, Rrgland: British Insecticide and Fungicide
Conference.
05005076 Day, E.W., Jr.; Roons, J.R.; Bailee, D.L.; Duane, W.C.; Stallard,
D.E.; Wolfe, A.L.; Lynch, V.P.; Edwards, M.J.; Wbod, J.S., Jr.;
Nishi, K.; Konishi, K.; Stone, G.M. (1976) Fungicides. Pages
251-261,263-283,285-297,299-331, Irv Analytical Methods for
Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators. Vol. 8: Government
Regulations, Pheromone Analysis, Additional Pesticides. New
York: Academic Press.
05006363 Leroux, P.; Gredt, M. (1972) Devenir de la carboxine utilisee en
enrobage de semences de ble: absorption, transport et
degradation. [The fate of carboxin used as a dressing for
wheat seed: absorption, translocation and degradation.]
Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacic 21(1):45-60.
-------
MRID CITATION
05013368 Balintne Ambro, I. (1974) Tracerindikacios vizsgalatok a f6—14C]
Vitavax fungicid metabolizmusanak tanulmanyozasara. [Uptake,
translocation and decomposition of the fungicide
Vitavax-[6-14C].| Magyar Komikusok Lapja. [Journal of the
Hungarian Chemists.] XXIX(8):393-401.
GS001201 Stone, G.M. (1969) Stability of Vitavax® in Stored Plants. (Unpub-
lished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:09604-A)
GS001202 Babish, J.G. (1976) Eye Irritation in rabbits- Vitavax43-17. (Unpub-
lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by
Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-A)
GS001203 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Dermal LD™ in rabbits - Vitavax4i-17.
(Unpublished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113;
prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc. submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-B)
GS001204 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation LDcq in rats- Vitavax^-17.
(Unpublished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113;
prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc. submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-C)
GS001205 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral in rats- Vitavax(t"-17.
(Unpublished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113;
prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc. submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-D)
GS001206 Babish, J.G. (1977) Skin Irritation in rabbits - Vitavaxw-17.
(Unpublished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113;
prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc. submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-E)
-------
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
REGISTRATION STANDARD ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Listing of All Documents Reviewed by the Agency
-------
05003381
MRID CITATION
05006895 Agnihotri, V.P. (1971) Effects of certain funqitoxicants on the
viability and pathogenicity of sclorotia of Waitea circinata .
Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 70(l):71-80.
05004349 AJ.lam, A.I.; Schilling, P.E.; Sinclair, J.B. (1969) Uptake of
Vitavax (DCMO) by qerminating cottonseed. Phytopathology
59(2):265-266.
05004123 Allam, A.I.; Sinclair, J.B. (1968) Uptake and movement of Vitavax^
by germinating cottonseed. Phytopathology 58(8):1041.
05002174 Allam, A.I.; Sinclair, J.B. (1969) Degradation of DMOC (Vitavax)
in cotton seedlings. Phytopathology 59(10):1548-1549.
00003322 Allam, A.I.y Sinclair, J.B. (1969) Degradation of DMOC (Vitavax) in
cotton seedlings. Phytopathology 59(10):1548-1549; Taken from
Pestdoc 2(34):86741J. (Abstract no. 886/093; also In unpub-
lished submission received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093245~B)
Andreeva, E.I.; Usmanov, M.T.; Kurganova, L.V. (1972) Metodika
ispytaniya preparatov protiv komevoi gnili. [A method of
testing preparations against root rot.j Khlopkovodstvo.
[Cotton Growing.] (11):19-21.
00025473 Amy, D.C.; Blackmon, C.W.; Hansing, E.D.; et al. (1969) [Efficacy
Data for Vitavax en Cereal and Forage Crops}. (Unpublished
% study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; prepared by Univ. of
Wisconsin and others, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany,
Conn.; CDL:091604-L)
00003162 Babish, J.G. (1976) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin,
no.; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., sub-
mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-D)
00003161 Babish, J.G. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished
study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni-
royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-C)
00003014 Babish, J.G. (1976) Vitavax^OO Flowable Fungicide: 076008: Primary
Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received
Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; prepared by Food and Drug Research
Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany,
Conn.; CDL:235042-F)
00003013 Babish, J.G. (1976) Vitavax^OO Flowable Fungicide: 076008: Rabbit
Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished study received Jul 14, 1978
under 400-112; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories,
Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:
235042-E)
-------
MRID CITATION
GS001202 Babish, J.G. (1976) Eye irritation in rabbits-Vitavax®17. (Unpub-
lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113? prepared by
Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-A)
00003080 Bafcish, J.G. (1977) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Un-
published study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-D)
00021621 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Un-
published study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared by
Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226-E)
GS001203 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute dermal LD5Q,rabbits-Vitavax®17. (Unpub-
lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by
Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-B)
00003083 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-G)
00003116 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.; submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- *
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-B)
00021622 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Com.; CDL:238226-F)
00029650 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats: Laboratory
No. 5483. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-
136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., sub-
mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226-F)
GS001204 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation in rats-Vitavax®17. (Unpub-
lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by
Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyai
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-C)
00003082 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-F)
00003081 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpublished
study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-E)
-------
MRID
CITATION
GS001205 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral LD in rats-Vitavax®17. (Unpub-
lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by
Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-D)
00021620 Babish, J.G. (1977) Approximate Acute Oral Toxicity (LDPSO^) in
Rats. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136;
prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226-D)
00003119 Babish, J.G. (1977) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-E)
00021619 Babish, J.G. (1977) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni-
royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226-C)
00005866 Babish, J.G. (1977) Report: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; pre-
pared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-1)
00005549 Babish, J.G. (1977) Report: Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpub-
lished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; prepared by
Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-H)
00005864 Babish, J.G. (1977) Report: Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rab-
bits. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58;
prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-F)
GS001206 Babish, J.G. (1977) Skin irritation in rabbits-Vitavax®17. (Unpub-
lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by
Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-E)
00003015 Babish, J.G. (1977) Vitavax®200 Flowable Fungicide: G 037132 JS; BL
8538: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Unpublished
study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:235042-G)
00003011 Babish, J.G. (1977) Vitavax®200 Flowable Fungicide: BL #8229: Acute
Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished study received Jul 14,
1978 under 400-112; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laborato-
ries, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:
235042-0
-------
MRID CITATION
05020737 Bachofer. R. (1976) Mikrobieller Abbau von
Saeureanilid-Fungiziden. [Microbial breakdown of acid enilide
fungicides.) Zentrablatt fuer Bakteriologic, Parasitenkunde,
Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1 Originale.
Roiho B 162(1/2):153 156.
05005110 Bachofer, R.; Oltmanns, O.; Lingens, F (1973) Isolation and
characterization of a Nocardia -like soil-bacterium, growing
on carboxanilide fungicides. Archiv fuer Mikrobiologie
90(2):141-149.
05003943 Backman, P.A. (1977) Comparative fungicide sensitivity within the
cowpea inoculation group of Rhizobium . Pages
221, In Proceedings of the American Phytopathological Society.
Vol. 4. St Paul, Minn. Merican Phytopathological Society.
00003163 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished
study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, inc., submitted by Uni-
royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL-.229370-E)
00021618 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished
study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared by Food and
Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.. submitted by Uniroyal Chemi-
cal , Bethany, Conn.; CDL•238226-B)
00003302 Bailey. D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study: Vitavax^HB-lOfl.
(Unpublished study received Sep 28- 1976 under 400-118; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:230403-B)
00003301 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Stu3y: Vitavax>75WP.
(Unpublished study received Sep 13 1976 under 400-129; prepared
by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Betxhany, Conn.; CDL .• 225606-D)
00030103 Bailey- D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study: Laboratory
No. 5136e. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-
136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc. sub-
mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226~B)
00005865 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Report. Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpub-
lished study received Feb 6. 1979 under 400-EX-58; prepared by
Food aniJ Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-G)
00003005 3ailey, D.E. :.(1976) 10G Vitavax"J: Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Un-
published study received Sep 28- 1976 under 400 130; prepared by
Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:230409 -D)
-------
MRID CITATION
05U20699 Bailey R.A. (1979) Possibilities for the control of sugarcane
smut ( Ustilago scitaminea ) with fungicides. Pages
137-142, In Proceedings of the Annual Congress of the South
African Sugar Technologists Association. \fol. 53. Mount
Edgecombe, Natal, South Africa: South African Sugar
Ibchnologi s ts' Assoc ia tion.
05002489 Baker, P.B.; Farrow, J.E.; Itoodless, R.A. (1973) Agricultural
fungicides- I. Identification of systemic fungicides using
thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Chromatography
81(1):174~177.
05002749 Baker, P.B.; Hoodless, R.A. (1974) Analytical methods for the
detection and determination of residues of systemic fungicides.
Pesticide Science 5(4);465-472.
05006289 Balasubramanya, R.H.; Patil, R.B. (1976) Degradation of carboxin
and oxycarboxin by a species of Pseudomonas isolated from soil.
Madras Agricultural Journal 63(8/10)-505-508.
05013368 Balintne Ambro, I. (1974) Tracerindikacios vizsgalatok a [6-14C]
Vitavax fungicid metabolizmusanak tanulmanyozasara. [Uptake,
translocation and decomposition of the fungicide
Vitavax--[6-14C] .J Magyar Kemikusok Lapja [Journal of the
Hungarian Chemists.1 XXIX(8):393-401.
00003337 Bell, D.K. (1967) Peanut Seed Treatment Tssts 1967. (Unpublished
study received Feb 23, 1968 under 400-EX-33; prepared by Georgia
Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Dept. of Plant Pathology,
submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123438-C)
Bhaktavatsalam, G.; Tripathi, R.K. (1975) Uptake, translocation
and degradation of carboxin and oxycarboxin in pearl millet
seeds. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology
5(1):110-111.
00003034 Binns, R.; Berczy, Z.; Clark, G.C. (1969) Acute Inhalation Toxicity
to the Rat of Vitavax^ Lust: 2540/68/417. (Unpublished study
received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Huntingdon Re-
search Centre, [Eng.J for Uniroyal, Ltd., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-K)
05009413 Bland, C.E.; Ruch, D.G.; Salser, B.R.; Lightner, D,V. (1976)
Chemical Control of Laqenidium , a Fungal Pathogen of Marine
Crustacea. Raleigh, N.C.: university of North Carolina Sea
Grant Program. (Sea Grant publication no. UNC-SG-76-02;
available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; P&-257 346)
05002793 Bolkan, H.A.; Milne, K.S. (1975) Systemic uptake of four fungicides
by potatoe plants. Plant Disease Reporter 59(3):214-218.
05012098 Born, G.L. (1974) Root infection of woody hosts with Verticillium
albo-atrum. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin
31(6):209-248.
05003600
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MRID
CITATION
Briggs, D.E.; Waring, R.H.; Hackett, A.M. (1974) Tho metabolism of
carboxin in growing barley. Pesticide Science 5(5):599-607.
Brusick, D.J. (1977) Mutagenicity Evaluation of D735: Final Report:
LBI Project No. 2683. (Unpublished study received Jan 24. 1978
under 400-81; prepared by Litton Bionetics, Inc., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-D)
Buchenaucr, H. (1975) Differences in light stability of same
carboxylic acid anilide fungicides in relation to their
applicability for seed and foliar treatment. Pesticide Science
6(5):525-535.
Buchman, 0.; Pri-Bar, I.; Shimoni, M.; Smoskowitz, L. (1974)
Application d'une methode non specifique de tritiation de
molecules organiques. [Application of a nonspecific method of
tritiation of organic molecules.] Journal of Labelled
Compounds (Brussels) X(2):345-354.
00003087 Cardona, R.A.; Dannals, L.E.; Smilo, A.R. (1976?) Fate of Vita-
vax^ in Soil: Project No. 7511. (Unpublished study received
May 3, 1977 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:231932-B)
00003066 Carson, S. (1965) Approximate Acute Dermal LD,-n in Rabbits:
[Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Dec 14 1966 under 400-
EX-27; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.
for Naugatuck Chemical, Div. of United States Rubber Co., sub-
mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Oonn.; CDL.123429-0)
00003065 Carson, S. (1965) Approximate Acute Oral LD™ in Rats: [Vitavax).
(Unpublished study received Dec 14, 1966 under 400-EX-27; pre-
pared by Pood and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., for
Naugatuck Chemical, Div. of United States Rubber Co., submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-N)
05002886
00003118
05002823
05012613
00002879 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Product Chemistry Data for Difola-
tan VitavaxJl-2 Flowable Seed Protectant, (Unpublished study
received Apr 20, 1976 under 239-2448; CDL:224901~A)
00003321 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Product Chemistry Data for Difola-
tan Vitavax^-2 Flowable Seed Protectant. (Unpublished study
including letter dated Aug 15, 1977 fran J. Abell to L.R.
Stelzer, received Jul 6, 1977 under 239-2459; CDL:230830-A)
00002893 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Product Chemistry Data for Ortho-
cide Vitavax®l-2 Seed Protectant. (Unpublished study received
Apr 23, 1976 under 239-2451; CDL:224838-A)
00003024 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Product Chemistry Data for Ortho-
cidc Vitavax^20 -20 Seed Protectant. (Unpublished study received
May 11. 1977 under,239-2458; CDL:230221-A)
-------
MRID CITATION
00003026 Chevron Chemical Company (19?V) Summary: Itoxicology Data for Qrttio-
cide-Vitavaxlj'20-20 Seed Protectant. Summary of studies 230224-B
through 230224-G. (Unpublished study received May 11, 1977
under 239-2458; CDL:230224-A)
00002877 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Summary: 07- Toxicology Data for
Ortho Difolatan-VitavaxJ2-2 Flowable Seed Protectant. Summary
of studies 230327-B through 230327-G. (Unpublisned study re-
ceived Jul 6, 1977 under 239-2459; CDL:230827-A)
00002884 Chevron Chemical Company (1975) Summary of Tbxicology Data for
Difolatan VitavaxJl-2 Flowable Seed Protectant. Summary of
studies 230799-B through 230799-F. (Unpublished study received
Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2448; CDL:230799-A)
00003298 Chevron Chemical Company (1975) Summary of Ibxicology Data for
Orthocide Vi tavax*>25-50 Seed Protectant. Summary of studios
224836-B through 224836-F. (Unpublished study received Jul 22,
1975 under 239-2451; CDL:224836-A)
00002897 Chevron Chemical Company (1976) AM-1-1024: Captan-Vi tavax %y GDC.
Method AM-1-1024 dated May 20, 1976. (Unpublished study re-
ceived cxi unknown date under 239-2451; CDL:'224838-E)
00002894 Chevron Chemical Company 11976) Shelf-Life Ttest: Orthpcide Vi tavax®
25-50 S.P. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under
239-2451; CDL:224838-B)
00003022 Chevron Chemical Company (1977) Residue Chemistry Data to Support
the Label Registration of Difolatan-Vitavax ^2-2 Flowable Seed
Protectant. Includes method RM-6E-1 dated Aug 18, 1977 enti-
tled: Determination of captafol residues by gas chromatography.
(Unpublished study received Jul 6f 1977 under 239-2459; CDL;
230829-A)
00003025 Chevron Chemical Company (1977) Residue Chemistry Data to Support
the Label Registration of Orthocide-Vitavaxc£)20-20 Seed Protect-
ant. Includes method RM-IF-1 dated Jun 25, 1976 entitled:
•Determination of Captan residues in crops. (Unpublished study
received May 11, 1977 under 239-2458; CDL:230222-A)
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00021650
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submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-C)
05002742 Sikka, V.K*; Chopra, B.; Sethi, R.K.; Chopra, S.L. (1973)
Persistence of Vitavax^ on (5,6-dihydro-3-carboxanilidro-2
methyl-1, 4-oxathiin) residues on some crops. Pesticides
7(4):28-29.
05009406 Sikka, V.K.; Chopra, B.; Sethi, R.K.; Chopra, S.L. (1973)
Persistence of Vitavax^ on (5,6-dihydro-3-carboxanilidro-2
methyl-1,4-oxathiin) residues on some crops. Pesticides
VII(4):28-29.
05003526 Sinha, O.K.; vyas, S.C.; Joshi, L.K. (1975) Rapid separation and
detection of some systemic fungicides by paper chromatography.
Journal of Chromatography 110(2):403-405.
05004768 Sinha, S.K.; Prasad, M. (1977) Studies on certain aspects of
chemical control of bacterial stalk rot disease of maize.
Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde,
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00002938 Sisken, H.R. (1970) Determination of Residual Vitavax^ in Meal
and Oil from Gotton and Peanut Seed. (Unpublished study
received Jul 28, 1972 under 0FO939; sutxnitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091603~A)
00025465 Sisken, H.R. (1970) Determination of Vitavax1^ and its Sulfoxide
in Cotton Seed: Modification I of General GLC Method. Method
dated Jan 5, 1970. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970
under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
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00025466 Sisken, H.R.; Lane, J.R. (1970) Storage Stability Studies of Vita-
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-------
MRID CITATION
00003184 Sisken, H.R.; Newell, J.E. (1969) The Detennination of Residual
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00003052 Sisken, H.R.; Newell, J.E. (1970) General GLC Method for Deter-
mination of Residual Vitavax^ and Its Sulfoxide in Seeds
(Grain and Peanuts), Method dated Jan 5, 1970. (Unpublished
study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal
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00003335 Sisken, H.R.; Newell, J.E. (1971) Determination of residues of
Vitavax^and its sulfoxide in seeds. Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 19(4):738-741. (Also?In?unpublished submission
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Uniroyal Chemical, 3ethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-P)
00003088 Smilo, A.R.; Lacadie, J.A.; Cardona, R. (1977) Phptochemical Fate
of Vitavax^ in Solution. (Unpublished study received
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Snel, M.; Edgington, L.V. (1970) Uptake, translocation and
decomposition of systemic oxathiin fungicides in bean,
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Solel, Z.; Edgington, L.V. (1973) Transcuticular movement of
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Solel, 2.; Pinkas, J. (1972) Bioassay evaluation of the systemic
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Staphorst, J.L.; Strijdom, B.W. (1976) Effects on rhizobia of
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Stevens, K.R. (1979) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits.
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00024924 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: [Vitavax 30-C]. (Unpublished study
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00005858 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rab-
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05003663
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-------
MRID
CITATION
00005857 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: Eye Irritation Test in Rabbits.
(Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared
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05005314 Stoker, G.L.; Dewey, W.G. (1969) Effects of loose smut infection
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00025472 Stoker, G.L.; Dewey, W.G. (1969) Effects of loose smut infection
and Vitavax'a seed treatment on barley yields. Crop Science 9
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GS001201 Stone, G.M. (1969) Stability of Vitavax-^ in Stored Plants. (Unpub-
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00003048 Stone, G.M. (1971) Concentration of Vitavax^ (PPM) on Treated
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00003050 Stone, G.M. (1971) Quantity of VitavaxJ in Soil around the Seed.
(Unpublished study received on unknown date under 0F0939; sub-
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05003853 Stone, G.M. (1976) Vitavax0. Pages 319-331, In Analytical Methods
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-------
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05003435 Tripathi, R.K.; Bhaktavatsalam, G. (1973) Silver
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05004133 Tripathi, R.K.; Singh, A.; Singh, S.L. (1976) Residue analysis of
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05002996 Tucker, A.N.; Lillich, T.T. (1974) Effect of the systemic
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00003138 Uniroyal (19??) D735 and F461 Systemic Fungicides: Technical Data
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00003039 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) [Residue Studies: VitavaxJ. (Unpublished
study including summary, received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819;
CDL:091420-R)
00003160 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) [Summaries for "Handling" and "Fish and
Wildlife Toxicology"]. Summary of studies 229370-C through
229370-N. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under un-
known admin, no.; CDL:229370-B)
00002920 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Calculation of Margin of Safety:
[Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Jun 9, 1975 under
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00002860 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Chemical and Physical Properties of Vita-
vax^-^Technical: Technical Bulletin. (Unpublished study received
Sep 17, 1976 under 400-132; CDL:226141-B)
00021623 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Chemical and Physical Properties: Vitavax-0.
(Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80;
CDL:003258-A)
00025479 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Chemical and Physical Properties: Vitavax^.
§Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525;
CDL:094043-A)
00003171 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Chemical and Physical Properties: Vitavax®
(Unpublished study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819;
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00002995 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Control Test AC-1045-D: Assay of Vitavax^
(and Its Formulations). Undated method. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:224929-C)
-------
MRID CITATION
00024926 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Control Test: AC-1045-D: Assay of Vitavax^.
(and Its Formulations). Undated method. (Unpublished study
received Mar 27, 1975 under 0F0939; CDL:098575-A)
00003086 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Environmental Fate Studies on Vitavax^.
(Unpublished study received May 3, 1977 under
.400-80; CDL:231932-A)
00004159 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Margin of Safety of Proposed Iblerances:
[Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under-
0F0939; CDL.:093245-R)
00004158 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Margin of Safety of the Proposed Tol-
erances : [Vitavax®!. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974
urvder 4F1499; CDL:094551-I)
00030598 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Margin of Safety of the Proposed Toler-
ances: [Vitavaxw]. (Unpublished study received Dec 23, 1972
under 3F1318; CDL:092253-A)
00003232 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Residue Summary for Carboxin in Peanuts.
(Unpublished study received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; CDL:
098014-C)
00002948 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Seed Rots and Seedling Disease Control
Data Summary. (Unpublished study received Dec 23, 1972 under
3F1318; CDL:092253-B)
00003103 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Stability of Vitavax® on Treated Oat
Seed. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1975 under 400-112;
CDL:220785-A)
00003092 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Stability of Vitavax® on Treated Wheat
and Barley Seed. (Unpublished study received Jun 26, 1973 under
400-108; CDL:008327-D)
00002924 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Summary of Active Handling Toxicology—Use
Category, Signal Wbrd and Precautionary Statements. (Unpub-
lished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:230403-A)
00025485 Uftinoyal Chemical (19??) Surrmary of Field Residue Data. (Unpub-
lished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; CDL:091604-R)
00003123 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Surrmary of Phytotoxicity Data. (Unpub-
lished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-D)
00002959 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Sunmary: [Vitavax® Residue]. (Unpublished
study received Jul 28, 1972 under 0F0939; CDL:091603-B)
00002971 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) The Results of Tests on the Anount of
Residue Remaining, Including a Description of the Analytical
Method Used. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under
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-------
MRID
CITATION
00021616 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax® HBM-25 Production Procedure.
(Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; CDL:
238225-A)
00029651 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^ HBM-25 Production Procedure.
(Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; CDL:
238225-A)
00003170 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^ Manufacturing Process. (Unpub-
lished study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; CDL:093520-C)
00021644 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax® Manufacturing Process. (Unpub-
lished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; CDL:003258-AN)
00003296 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^: Chemical and Physical
Properties of Vitavax^ Technical. (Unpublished study received.
Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-J)
00003231 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^ Flowable Fungicide: Vitavaxi>-3F
Fungicide: Basic Manufacturing Process. (Unpublished study
received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; CDL:098014-B)
00003230 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax® Fungicide: Agricultural Chem-
icals: Technical Data Sheet. (Unpublished study received
Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; CDL:098014-A)
00005860 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavaxa)-4G Process. (Unpublished study
received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; CDL:237329-B)
00002979 uniroyal Chemical (1962?) Margin of Safety of the Pco,xsed Toler-
ances: [Vitavax*>]. (Unpublished study received Aug 11, 1971
under 2F1191; CDL:093516-H)
00003055 Uniroyal Chemical (1962) Calculation of Margin of Safety: [Vitavax®]
(Unpublished study received Jun 9, 1975 under 5F1638;
CDL:094948-H)
00002978 Uniroyal Chemical (1966) Vitavax^ Assay Method. Method dated
Jan 24, 1966. (Unpublished study received Aug 11, 1971 under
2F1191; CDL:093516-F)
00003185 Uniroyal Chemical (1967) Residue Analysis of Cotton Seedlings from
Vitavax^-Treated Cotton Seeds. (Unpublished study received Nov
29, 1967 under 400-EX-28; CDL:123430-A)
00021632 Uniroyal Chemical (1968) Reasonable Grourtis for Support of This
Petition: [Vitavax®]. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968
under 400-80; CDL:003258-R)
00021629 Uniroyal Chemical (1968) The Results of Tests on the Amount of
Residue Remaining, Including a Description of the Analytical
Method Used: [Vitavax®]. (Unpublished study received Jul 19,
1968 under 400-80; CDL:003258-N)
-------
MRID
CITATION
00005538 Uniroyal Chemical (1968) Vitavax^-Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment
Test Surmary in Combination with Difolatan. (Unpublished study
received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; CDL:098028-I)
00003131 Uniroyal Chemical (1969?) Basic Vitavax*> Tbxicology Studies. (Un-
published study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:
003284-R)
00003072 Uniroyal Chemical (1969?) Report of Investigations Made with Re-
spect to the Safety of Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received
Mar 25, 1969 under 400-EX-38; CDL:127028-A)
00002946 Uniroyal Chemical (1969?) Uniroyal Supplemental Experimental
Studies: Animal Residues. (Unpublished study received Oct 9,
1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-K)
00003051 Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Data on Seed Treatment—Soil Fungicide
Ttst for Control of Cotton Seedling Diseases, Athens, Georgia,
1969: Table 2. (Unpublished study received Jun 5, 1970 under
0F0939; CDL:093245-N)
00003045 Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Disappearance Studies: Wheat and Barley;
[Peanut; Sorghum: Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Jun 14,
1969 under 9G0819; CDL:091420-X)
00003029 Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Toxicology Information: [Vitavax^J. (Un-
published study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; CDL:
091420-A)
00005539 Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Vitavax^-Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment
Test Summary in Combination with Botran. (Unpublished study
received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; prepared in cooperation with
Oklahoma State Univ. and North Carolina State Univ.; CDL:
098028-J)
00003307 Uniroyal Chemical (1970?) Additional Vitavax3 Toxicology. Summary
of studies 091003-C through 091003-R. (Unpublished study re-
ceived May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; CDL:091003-B)
00003057 Uniroyal Chemical (1970?) Appendix. (Unpublished study received
Dec 21, 1971 under 400-81; CDL:050050-A)
00025481 Uniroyal Chemical (1970) Basic Vitavax^ Tbxicology Studies. (Unpub-
lished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525? CDL:094043-E)
00002939 Uniroyal Chemical (1970) Vitavax^ Handling Tbxicity Studies. (Un-
published study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-C)
00003132 Uniroyal Chemical (1971?) Tbxicity of Vitavax® to Fish and Wildlife.
(Unpublished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:
003284-S)
-------
MRID CITATION
00003073 Uniroyal Chemical (1971?) Toxicity to Fish and Wildlife: [Vitavax1®].
(Unpublished study received on unknown date under 400-EX-38;
CDL-.127028-B)
00002962 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) [Residue Data], (Unpublished study
received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; CDL.-091003-S)
00003078 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Background of Residue Data for Vitavax®-200
Fungicide and Vitavax^-300 Fungicide on Peanuts. (Unpublished
study received Jun 10, 1975 under 400-92; CDL:220663-J)
00002982 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Composition of Vitavax4*—Technical
Grade. (Unpublished study received on July 10, 1974 under
2F1525; CDL:095561-B)
00002989 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Cotton Seedling Survival. (Unpublished
study received Apr 12, 1972 under 400-80; CDL:023352-D)
00002917 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Peanuts: Seed Treatment—1971. (Unpub-
lished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499; CDL:094551-X)
00003089 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Peanuts: Seed Treatment—1971: Jackson,
N.C. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1975 under 400-92;
CDL:220663-O)
00002859 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Reasoning in Support of the Petition:
[Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study including revised section G-5,
received Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-O)
00002862 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Ragional Bod Rot Test—1971. (Unpublished
study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL:230405-0)
00002859 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Reasoning in Support of the Petition:
received Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-O)
00002954 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Seed Corn Treatment Experiment, Washing-
ton, Iowa. (Unpublished study received Dec 23, 1972 under
3F1318; CDL:092253-K)
00005536 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Vitavax^1—Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment
Test Summary in Combination with Captan. (Unpublished study
received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; prepared in cooperation with
Auburn Uhiv., Oklahoma State Uftiv. and Texas A & M Univ., Agri-
cultural Extension Service; CDL:098028-G)
00005537 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Vitavax^—Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment
Test Summary in Combination with Hiiram. (Unpublished study
received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; CDL:098028-H)
00002942
Uniroyal Chemical (1972) [Animal Residue Studies). (Unpublished
study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-G)
-------
MRID CITATION
00002961 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) [Residue Data: Vitavax0]. (Unpublished
study received on unknown date under 2F1191; prepared in
cooperation with Morse Laboratories and Harris Laboratories;
CDL:091003-A)
00002951 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished
study including report, received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318;
CDL:092253-F)
00003125 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished
study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-H)
00002951 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished
study including report, received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318;
CDL:092253-F)
00003123 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Phytotoxicity Evaluation. (Unpub-
lished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-N)
00002864 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Pod Rot Test—1972. (Unpublished study
received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL:230405-R)
00002928 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Residues in PPM: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished
study received on unknown date under 0F0939; CDL:094582-B)
00002930 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Residues in PPM: [Vitavax1^]. (Unpublished
study received on unknown date under 0F0939; CDL:094582-E)
00002858 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Stability of Vitavax^ on Treated Seed
(Grain and Corn). (Unpublished study received Sep 27, 1972 un-
der 3F1318; CDL-.093547-M)
00003304 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Stability of Vitavax^-200 in Treated
Seed (Cotton). (Unpublished study received Jun 28, 1972 under
0F0939; CDL:094582-F)
00003303 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Stability of Vitavaxw-300 in Treated
Seed (Cotton). (Unpublished study received Jun 28, 1972 under
0F0939; CDL:094582-D)
00002940 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Summary of Vitavax® Residue Data in Corn
and Small Grains. Includes method dated Nov 1, 1968. (Unpub-
lished study including report, received Oct 9, 1973 under
3F1318; CDL-.092254-E)
00002902 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Untreated Peanuts Analyzed by Vitavax^
(GLC) Method for Apparent PPM Background. (Unpublished study
received on unknown date under 4F1499; CDL:093979-B)
00025486 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Vitavax^ Handling Toxicity Studies. (Un-
published study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; CDLs
094043-J)
-------
MRID CITATION
00002960 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Discussion: [Vitavax^ Residues]. (Unpub-
lished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-M)
00002857 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Enforcement Method for Vitavax^1 in Animal
Tissue, Milk and Eggs. Method dated Sep 17, 1973. (Unpub-
lished study received on unknown date under 3F1318;
CDL:093547-D)
00003155 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance and Phytotoxicity Re-
port. (Unpublished study received Dec 5, 1973 under 400-107;
CDL:023365-H)
00003094 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance Report: UNI-1088 and
1090. (Unpublished study received Jun 26, 1973 under 400-108;
CDL:003327-F)
00002910 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance and Phytotoxicity Re-
port. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499;
CDL:094551-P)
00003305 Uniroyal Cnemical (1973) Method for Vitavax^ Residues in Animal
Tissue, Milk and Eggs. Method dated Sep 17, 1973. (Unpublished
study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-A)
00002908 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Peanut Seed Treatment 1973: 50 Seed Plant-
ed/Plot. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499;
CDL:094551-M)
00003129 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM. (Unpublished study
received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; prepared in cooperation
with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:003284-P)
00005852 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM: Corn: UNI-1088. (Unpub-
lished study received Mar 28, 1977 under 400-107; prepared in
cooperation with Now York State Univ.—Oswego, Lake Ontario
Environmental Laboratory and Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:
238083-A)
00005854 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM: Wheat & Barley. (Unpub-
lished study received Feb 28, 1973 under 400-115; CDL:238076-E)
00003121 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Stability of Vitavax^ on Treated
Cotton Seed. (Unpublished study received May 16, 1973 under
400-107; CDL:003284-B)
00003158 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax,j> Flowable Fungicide: Summary of
Residues in Wheat and Barley. (Unpublished study received Dec
5, 1973 under 400-107; CDL-.023365-S)
00005530 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax^—Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment
Ifest Summary at 3-6 0z/100 Pounds of Seed. (Unpublished study
received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; CDL:098028-A)
-------
MRID JITATION
00003159 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax^-200 Flowable Fungicide: Summary of
Residues in 'Wheat and Barley. (Unpublished study received Dec
5, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:023365-T)
00002861 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax^ 10G: Peanuts: Phytotoxicity.
(Unpublished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL:
230405-N)
00003106 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Field Evaluation Report: Phyto Study.
(Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1975 under 400-112; CDL:
220785-D)
00003001 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jul 15, 1975 under 400-118; CDL:224933-B)
00002903 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residue Analysis of Peanut Hulls for
Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received on unknown date
under 4F1499; CDL:093979-C)
00002904 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residue Analysis of Peanut Meal for
Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received on unknown date
under 4F1499; CDL:093979-D)
00002937 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residues in PPM: [Vitavax1"]. (Unpublished
study received Mar 21, 1974 under 400-113; prepared in coopera-
tion with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:023366-C)
00003021 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residues in PPM: Soybeans: Vitavax^. (Un-
published study received Nov 14, 1970 under 400-112; CDL:235936-
vJ)
00005848 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residues in PPM: Soybeans: Vitavax0 UNI-
1127. (Unpublished study received Dec 11, 1977 under 400-112;
CDL:238081-E)
00002905 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) The Effects of EPA Iblerance Pesticides'
upon the Recovery of Vitavax11 Residues from Peanuts. (Un-
published study received on unknown date under 4F1499; prepared
in cooperation witn Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:093979-F)
00002901 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) The Results of Tbsts on the Amount of
Residue Rrsnaining, Including a Description of the Analytical
Methods Used: (Vitavax^J. Summary of studios 093979-B through
093979-F. ' (Unpublished study including summary, received on
unknown date under 4F1499; CDL:093979-A)
00025482 Uniroyal Chemicail (1974) Toxicity of Vitavax^ to Fish and Wildlife.
(Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; CDL:
094043-G)
00002957 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Toxicity of Vitavax^ to Fish and Wildlife.
(Unpublished study received Mar 21, 1974 under 400-113; CDL:
023366-F)
-------
MRID CITATION
00003002 Uniroyal Chemical (1975?) Summary of Acute Handling Toxicology—Use
Category, Signal Word and Precautionary Statements. Summary of
study 224934-C. (Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1976 under
400-118; CDL:224934-B)
00003003 Uniroyal Chemical (1975?) Summary of Fish and Wildlife Toxicology
for Precautionary Label Statements. Summary of study 224935-C.
(Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:
224935-B)
00003004 Uniroyal Chemical (1975?) Toxicity of Vitavax* to Fish and Wild-
life. (Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118;
CDL: 224935-C)
00002871 Uniroyal Chemical (1975?) Toxicity of Vitavax^ to Fish and Wildlife.
(Unpublished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL:
230406-C)
00024930 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) [Residues from Vitavax^ on Cotton]. (Un-
published study received Mar 27, 1975 under 0F0939; prepared in
cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:098575-F)
00003149 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Field Evaluation Report. (Unpublished
study received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL:225604-W)
00003356 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Residues of Vitavax^—EVS Concen-
trate in Corn. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1975 under
400-124; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:235928-C)
00021647 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Response to Question No. 5 Concerning
Status Report No. l,...on the Environmental Fate of Vita-
vax^. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under
400-80; CDL:240822-A)
00002918 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Stability of Vitavax^ on Treated Soy-
bean Seed. (Unpublished study received Jun'9, 1975 under
3F1637; CDL:094947-E)
00003108 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Summary of Residue Data: [Vitavax^l. (Un-
published study received Apr 21, 1975 under 400-112; prepared in
cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:220785-G)
00003054 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) The Effects of EPA Tolerance Pesticides
upon the Recovery of Vitavax*3 Residues from Sorghum: (1)
Grain, (2) Fodder and Forage. (Unpublished study including
summary, received Jun 9, 1975 under 5F1638; prepared in cooper-
ation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:094948-G)
00002919 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) The Effects of EPA Tolerance Pesticides
upon the Recovery of VitavaxJ Residues from Soybeans. (Un-
published study including summary, received Jun 9, 1975 under
5F1637; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:094947-K)
-------
I4RID CITATION
00003017 Uniroyal Chemical (1976?) Soybeans: Vitavax^-200 Flcwable Fungicide.
(Unpublished study received Nov 14, 1978 under 400-12; CDL:
235936-D)
00003130 Oniroyal Chemical (1976?) Vitavax^ Handling Toxicity Studies. (Un-
published study including annotated bibliography of petition
materials, received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-Q)
00003085 Uniroyal Chemical (1976) [Vitavax^ Residue Data on Peanuts]. (Un-
published study received Sop 13, 1976 under 400-129;
CDL:225602-A)
00003034 Uniroyal Chemical (1976) Vitavax® Manufacturing Process. (Unpub-
lished study including letter dated Sep 9, 1976 from T.E. Geise
to John Pryzbylek, received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL:
225601-A)
00005362 Uniroyal Chemical (1977?) Toxicity: Vitavax^. (Unpublished study
received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; CDL:237329~D)
00003115 Uniroyal Chemical (1977?) Toxicology: Vitavax® Technical. Summary
of studies 233500-B through 233500-F. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jan 24, 1978 under 400-31; CDL:233500-A)
00003009 Uniroyal Chemical (1977?) Toxicology: Vitavax^-200 Flowable. (Un-
published study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; CDL:235042-
A)
00003165 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) [Residue Data: Vitavax^]. (Unpublished
study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared
in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:229370-O)
00003357 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Chemical and Physical Properties of
Vitavax1^ Technical. (Unpublished study received Oct 11, 1978
under KS-78/20; submitted by ?; CDL:235366-A)
00003234 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Reasonable Grounds in Support of Ihis Pe-
tition: [Vitavax*"'}. (Unpublished study received Mar 20, 1979 un-
der 400-80; CDL-.098014-F)
00020892 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Residues in PPM. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Apr 25, 1979 under ND 79/8; CDL:238250-E)
00003221 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Residues in PPM: Barley: Vitavax^ 25DB:
Grain & Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under
400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:235653-E)
00030107 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Toxicology Vitavax HBM-25. Summary of
studies 238226-B through 238286-F. (Unpublished study received
Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; CDL:238226-A)
-------
1-1RID
CITATION
00003236
00005548
00003079 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Toxicology: Vitavax^ Flowable Fungicide.
(Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; CDL:
232545-A)
00005863 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Toxicology: Vitavax^ 10G. Summary of
studies 237329-F through 237329-1. (Unpublished study received
Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-53? CDL:237329-E)
00005859 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax^ Fungicide: Technical Data
Sheet. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58;
CDL:237329-A)
00020891 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax®-25 DB: Phytotoxicity. (Un-
published study received Apr 25, 1979 under ND 79/8; prepared in
cooperation with Univ. of Idaho, Experiment Station; CDL:
233250-D)
Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax^-3F: Peanuts. (Unpublished study
received Ma/ .0, 1978 under 400-EX-55; CDL:234122-B)
¦Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax^-25DB: Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished
study received Feb 28,1978 under 400-115; prepared in coopera-
tion with the University of Idaho, Experiment Station;
CDL.-238076-D)
Uniroyal Chemical (1978) IVitavax^ Residues in Wheat, Barley and
Oat]. (Unpublished study received Sep 26, 1979 under 400-107;
prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:
241014-A)
00003220 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Oats: Vitavax® 25DB: Grain
& Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-
115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:235653-D)
00003219 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Wheat: Vitavax^ 25DB:
Forage. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-115;
prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:
235653-C)
00003218 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Wheat: Vitavax® 25DB:
Grain & Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under
400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.;
CDL:235653-B)
00003224 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Response to EPA Letter Dated 6 October,
1977: Environmental Fate of Vitavax5 Fungicide. Summary of
studies 236662-F through 236662-J. Includes method no. 2344
dated Aug 22, 1978. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978
under 400-80; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories,
Inc.; CDL:236662-A)
00024920
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MRID CITATION
00020890 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Vitavaxa-25DB; Barley. (Unpublished study
received Apr 25, 1979 under HD 79/8? prepared in cooperation
with North Dakota State Univ. and Washington State Univ., Re-
gional Cereal Disease Laboratory; CDL:238250-C)
00020888 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) VitavaxJ-25DB; Oats. (Unpublished study
received Apr 25, 1979 under I© 79/8; prepared in cooperation
with North Dakota State Univ., South Dakota State Univ. and
Univ. of Wisconsin, Dept. of Plant Pathology; CDL:238250-A)
00005867 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Residue Chemistry: [Vitavax^]. (Unpub-
lished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; prepared in
cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:237329-J)
00003233 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Residues in PPM: Vitavax^. (Unpublished
study received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; prepared in coopera-
tion with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:098014-E)
00024917 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Summary: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study
received Oct 18, 1979 under 400-112; prepared in cooperation
with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:241184-A)
00024922 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Toxicology Vitavax^ 30C. Summary of
studies 240917-B and 240917-C. (Unpublished study received Aug
24, 1979 under 400-124; CDL.-240917-A)
00005355 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Toxicology: Vitavax5 30C. (Unpublished
study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; CDL:237477-A)
00032175 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Vitavax® Fungicide: Uniroyal.
(Technical data sheet; also In unpublished submission received
Jun 3, 1930 under OK 80/9; submitted by Oklahoma, Dept. of Agri-
culture , Oklahoma City, Okla.; CDL:242612-A)
00030655 Uniroyal Chemical (1980) Residues in PPM. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jun 28, 1980 under NC 80/14; submitted by state of North
Carolina, Dept. of Agriculture, Pesticide and Plant Protection
Div. for Uniroyal; CDL:242701-A)
00005869 Uniroyal, Incorporated (19??) Technical Data Sheet: Uniroyal Vita-
vax® Fungicide. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977
under 400-107; CDL:237180-A)
00021613 Uniroyal, Incorporated (19??) Vitavax^: Systemic Fungicide.
(Unpublished study received Sep 18, 1967 under 400-EX-3Q; CDL:
123433-K)
00021612 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1967) Bibliography of Vitavax^ and Plantvax
Systemic Fungicides. (Unpublished study received Jun 13, 1967
under 400-EX-30; CDL:123433-J)
00025463 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1970) Suntnary of Work on Plant Residues
from Vitavax0 Seed Treatments. (Unpublished study received
Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; CDL:091604-A)
-------
MRID CITATION
00025480 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1971) Composition of Vitavax^-Teehnical
Grade. (Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525;
CDL:094043-D)
00025483 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1974) Summary of Corn and Rice Residue
Data. (Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525;
prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc. and State
Univ. College of New York—Oswego, Lake Ontario Environmental
Laboratory; CDL:094043-H)
00003100 United States Rubber Company (19??) Vitavax^ and Plantvaxa:
Systemic Fungicides: Agricultural Chemicals: Technical Data
Sheet: Experimental Fungicide. (Unpublished study received
Jun 13, 1967 under unknown admin, no.; CDL:107975-A)
05005921 tfriverricht, A.; Schuette, H.R.; Banasiak, L.; Grahl, R.; Dedek, W.
(1978) Synthesen radioaktiv markierter Verbindungen; 1)
Darstellung von
5,6-Dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-carbonsaeureanilid-phenyl-U
-14C (Carboxin), Carboxin-sulfoxid- und
Cartooxin-sulfon-phenyl-U-14C. [Syntheses of radioactively
labeled compounds; 1) presentation of
5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiino-3-carboxylic
acid-anilide-phenyl-U-14C (carboxin), carboxin-sulfoxide- and
cart)oxin-sulfonphenyl-U-14C.J [letter] . Zeitschrift fuer
Chemie 18(l):21-22.
05013071 Vonkata Ram, C.S. (1977) Laboratory and field evaluation of
carboxin and oxycarboxin against Exobasidium vexans on tea.
Indian Phytopathology 30(4):449-4351
05003851 Verzar-Petri, G.; Haggag, M.Y. (1976) Gas liquid chromatographic
method for detecting and measuring tropane alkaloids and
Vitavax fungicide in the same extract, of Datura innoxia Mill.
Herba Hungarica 15(l):87-96.
00003339 Von Schmeling, B.; Kulka, M. (1968) Systematic fungicide 2,3-Dihy-
dro--5-carboxanilido~6-methyl-l,4-oxathiin. Pages 1-2, In Fungi-
cidal Control of Smut Diseases of Cereals. Compiled by J.G.
Moseman. Beltsville, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. (U.S.
Agricultural Research Service, Crops Research Div., CR 42-68;
also In unpublished submission including glossary, received
Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093520-AC)
05004276 Von Schmeling, B.; Kulka, M.; Thiara, D.S.; Harrison, W.A.,
inventors; United States Rubber Company, assignee (1966)
Control of plant diseases. U.S. patent 3,249,499. May 3. 6
p. U.S. Q. 167-33.
05004275
Von Schmeling, B.; Kulka, M., inventors; Uniroyal, assignee (1969)
Stimulation of plant growth. U.S. patent 3,454,391. Jpl 8. 3
p. Int. Q. A Oln 5/00, 21/02; U.S. CI. 71-77.
-------
MRID CITATION
00003059 Weir, R.J. (1966) Final Report: Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure
to Bluegill Sunfish: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study
received Dec 14, 1966 under 400-EX-27; prepared by Hazleton Lab-
oratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL.-123429-B)
00003037 Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Dietary "toxicity—Bobwhite
Quail: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study received Jun 14,
1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., sub-
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00010348 Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Dietary Toxicity—Bobwhite
Quail: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study received Nov 16,
1967 under 400-75; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. for
United States Rubber Go., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Gonn.; CDL;132110-B)
00010347 Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure
to Rainbow Trout: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Dec 11, 1967 under 400-75; prepared by Hazleton Labora-
tories, Inc. for United States Rubber Co., submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:132110-A)
00021615 'Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure
to Rainbow Trout: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jun 13, 1967 under 400-EX-30; prepared by Hazleton Labo-
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00003036 Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure
to Rainbow Trout: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Labora-
tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:091420-M)
00021627 Weir, R.J. (1967) One-Year Progress Report: Two-Year Dietary /^min-
istration—Dogs: Project No. 798-103. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; prepared by Jfezleton Labora-
tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:003258-L)
00021628 Weir, R.J. (1967) 12-Month Progress Report: 24-Month Dietary ^min-
istration—Albino Rats: Project No. 798-102. (Unpublished study
received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; prepared by Hazleton Labora-
tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.?
CDL:003258-M)
00029175 Weir, R.J.; topkins, M. (1967) Final Report: Acute Dietary Tbxici-
ty—Bobwhite Quail: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Dec 12, 1967 under 400-49; prepared by Hazleton Laborato-
ries, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:
009021-H)
-------
MRID CITATION
00029174 Weir, R.J.; Rathbun, F.; Hopkins, M. (1967) Acute Toxicity in
Aqueous Exposure to Bluegill Sunfish and Rainbow Trout: Project
No. 793-100. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Dec 12,
1967 under 400-49; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., sub-
mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn,; CDL:009021-G)
05006394 White, R.P.; Johnston, H.W. (1972) Possible influences of Vitaflo
on the growth of corn. Canadian Journal of Plant Science
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05003775 Yip, G. (1972) Report on fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth
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GOVERNMENT HUNTING OFFICE:
1961 341-082/215 1-3
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