United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Washington DC 20460 August 1981 Pesticides &EPA 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4- oxathiin-3-carboxanilide (Carboxin) Pesticide Registration Standard ------- CARBOXIN Pesticide Registration Standard Bruce Kapner Alex Arce Jolene Chinchilli Ed Fite Linda Garczynski Robert Hoist Steve Hopkins Sam Howard Ray Kent Grog Weidemann Gene Wilson Linda Zygadlo Project Manager (SPRD) Toxicologist (HED) Project Manager (SPRD) Wildlife Biologist (HED) Writer/Editor (SPRD) Plant Physiologist (HED) Plant Physiologist (HED) Environmental Chemist (HED) Chemist (HED) Plant Pathologist (BFSD) Product Manager (RD) Economist (BFSD) August 1981 Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 ------- - TABLE OF COMMENTS - Page Chapter I How to Register under a Registration Standard 1 Chapter II Regulatory Position and Rationale 9 Chapter III Summary of Data Requirements and Data Gaps. 17 Chapter IV Product Chemistry 29 Chapter V Environmental Fate 33 Chapter VI Toxicology 41 Chapter VII Residue Chemistry 47 Chapter VIII Ecological Effects 55 Chapter IX Bibliography 58 ------- I. HOW TO REGISTER UNDER A REGISTRATION STANDARD A. Organization of the Standard B. Purpose of the Standard C. Requirement to Reregister Under the Standard D. "Product Specific" Data and "Generic" Data E. Data Compensation Requirements under FIFRA 3(c)(1)(D) F. Obtaining Data to Fill "Data Gaps"; FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B) F. Amendments to the Standard A. ORGANIZATION OF TOE STANDARD This first chapter explains the purpose of a Registration Standard and summarizes the legal principles involved in registering or reregistering under a Standard. Ihe second chapter sets forth the requirements that must be met to obtain or retain registration for products covered by this particular Registration Standard. In the remaining chapters, the Agency reviews the available data by scientific discipline, discusses the Agency's concerns with the identified potential hazards, and logically develops the conditions and requirements that would reduce those hazards to acceptable levels. B. PURPOSE OF TOE STANDARD Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) provides that "no person in any State may distribute, sell, offer for sale, hold for sale, ship, deliver for shipment, or receive (and having so received) deliver or offer to deliver, to any person any pesticide which is not registered with the Administrator [of EPA]." To approve the registration of a pesticide, the Administrator must find, pursuant to Section 3(c)(5) that: "(1) its composition is such as to warrant the proposed claims for it; (2) its labeling and other material required to be submitted comply with the requirements of this Act? (3) it will perform its intended function without unreasonable adverse effects on the environment; and (4) when used in accordance with widespread and commonly recognized practice it will not generally cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment." In making these findings, the Agency reviews a wide range of data which registrants are required to submit, and assesses the risks and benefits associated with the use of the proposed pesticide. However, the established approach to making these findings has been found to be defective on two counts. First, EPA and its predecessor agency, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), routinely reviewed registration applications on a "product by product" basis, evaluating each product-specific application somewhat independently. In the review of products containing similar components, there was little opportunity for a retrospective review of the full range of 1 ------- pertinent data available in Agency files and in the public literature. Thus the "product by product" approach was often inefficient and sometimes resulted in inconsistent or inccmplete regulatory judgments. Second, over the years, as a result of inevitable and continuing advances in scientific knowledge, methodology, and policy, the data base for many pesticides came to be considered inadequate by current scientific and regulatory standards. Given the long history of pesticide regulation in several agencies, it is even likely that materials may have been lost from the data files. When EPA issued new requirements for registration in 1975 (40 CFR 162) and proposed new guidelines for hazard testing in 1978 (43 FR 29686, July 10, 1978 and 43 FR 37336, August 22, 1978), many products that had already been registered for years were being sold and used without the same assurances of human and environmental safety as was being required for new products. Because of this inconsistency, Congress directed EPA to reregister all previously registered products, so as to bring their registrations and their data bases into compliance with current requirements [See FIFRA Section 3(g)]. Facing the enormous job of re-reviewing and calling-in new data for the approximately 35,000 current registrations, and realizing the inefficiencies of the "product by product" approach, the Agency decided that a new, more effective method of review was needed. A new review procedure has been developed. Under it, EPA publishes documents called Registration Standards, each of which discusses a particular pesticide active ingredient. Each Registration Standard summarizes all the data available to the Agency on a particular active ingredient and its current uses, and sets forth the Agency's comprehensive position on the conditions and requirements for registration of all existing and future products which contain that active ingredient. These conditions and requirements, all of which must be met to obtain or retain full registration or reregistration under Section 3(c)(5) of FIFRA, include the submission of needed scientific data which the Agency does not now have, compliance with standards of toxicity, composition, labeling, and packaging, and satisfaction of the data compensation provisions of FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D). The Standard will also serve as a tool for product classification. As part of the registration of a pesticide product, EPA may classify each product for "general use" or "restricted use" [FIFRA Section 3(d)]. A pesticide is classified for "restricted use" when seme special regulatory restriction is needed to ensure against unreasonable adverse effects to man or the environment. Many such risks of unreasonable adverse effects can be lessened if expressly-designed label precautions are strictly followed. Thus the special regulatory restriction for a "restricted use" pesticide is usually a requirement that it be applied only by, or under the supervision of, an applicator who has been certified by the State or Federal government as being competent to use the pesticide safely, responsibly, and in accordance with label directions. A restricted-use pesticide can have other regulatory restrictions [40 CFR 162.11(c)(5)] instead of, or in addition to, the certified applicator requirement. These other regulatory restrictions may include such actions as seasonal or regional limitations on use, or a requirement for the monitoring of residue levels after use. A pesticide classified for "general 2 ------- use," or not classified at all, is available for use by any individual who is in compliance with State or local regulations. The Registration Standard review compares information about potential adverse effects of specific uses of the pesticide with risk criteria listed in 40 CFR 162.11(c), and thereby determines whether a product needs to be classified for "restricted use." If the Standard does classify a pesticide for "restricted use," this determination is stated in the second chapter. C. REQUIREMENT TO REREGISTER UNDER THE STANDARD FIFRA Section 3(g), as amended in 1978, directs EPA to reregister all currently registered products as expeditiously as possible. Congress also agreed that ¦ reregistration should be accomplished by the use of Registration Standards. Each registrant of a currently registered product to which this Standard applies, and who wishes to continue to sell or distribute his product in commerce, must apply for reregistration. His application must contain proposed labeling that complies with this Standard. EPA will issue a notice of intent to cancel the registration of any currently registered product to which this Standard applies if the registrant fails to comply with the procedures for reregistration set forth in the Guidance Package which accompanies this Standard. D. "PRODUCT SPECIFIC" DATA AND "GENERIC" DATA In the course of developing this Standard, EPA has determined the types of data needed for evaluation of the properties and effects of products to which the Standard applies, in the disciplinary areas of Product Chemistry, Environmental Fate, Tbxicology, Residue Chemistry, and Ecological Effects. These determinations are based primarily on the data Guidelines proposed in 43 FR 29696, July 10, 1978; 43 FR 37336, August 22, 1978; and 45 FR 72948, November 3, 1980, as applied to the use patterns of the products to which this Standard applies. Where it appeared that data from a normally applicable Guidelines requirement was actually unnecessary to evaluate these products, the Standard indicates that the requirement has been waived. On the other hand, in sane cases studies not required by the Guidelines may be needed because of the particular composition or use pattern of products the Standard covers; if so, the Standard explains the Agency's reasoning. Data guidelines have not yet been proposed for the Residue Chemistry discipline, but the requirements for such data have been in effect for some time and are, the Agency believes, relatively familiar to registrants. Data which we have found are needed to evaluate the registrability of seme products covered by the Standard may not be needed for the evaluation of other products, depending upon the composition, formulation type, and intended uses of the product in question. The Standard states which data requirements apply to which product categories. (See the third chapter.) The various kinds of data normally required for registration of a pesticide product can be divided into two basic groups: 3 ------- 1. Data that are product specific, i.e. data that relate only to the properties or effects of a product with a particular composition (or a group of products with closely similar composition); and 2. Generic data that pertains to the properties or effects of a particular ingredient, and thus are relevant to an evaluation of the risks and benefits of all products containing that ingredient (car all such products having a certain use pattern), regardless of any such product's unique composition. The Agency requires certain "product specific" data for each product to characterize the product's particular composition and physical/chemical properties (Product Chemistry), and to characterize the product's acute toxicity (which is a function of its total composition). The applicant for registration or reregistration of any product, whether it is a manufacturing- use car end-use product, and without regard to its intended use pattern, must submit or cite enough of this kind of data to allow EPA to evaluate the product. For such purposes, "product specific" data on any product other than the applicant's is irrelevant, unless the other product is closely similar in composition to the applicant's. (Where it has been found practicable to group similar products for purposes of evaluating, with a single set of tests, all products in the group, the Standard so indicates.) "Product specific" data on the efficacy of particular end-use products are also required where the exact formulation may affect efficacy and vdiere failure of efficacy could cause public health problems. All other data needed to evaluate pesticide products concern the properties or effects of a particular ingredient of products (normally a pesticidally active ingredient, but in some cases a pesticidally inactive, or "inert", ingredient). Seme data in this "generic" category are required to evaluate the properties and effects of all products containing that ingredient [e.g., the acute ID-50 of the active ingredient in its technical or purer grade; see proposed guidelines, 43 FR 37355]. Other "generic" data are required to evaluate all products which both contain a particular ingredient and are intended for certain uses (see, e.g., proposed guidelines,43 FR 37363, which requires subchronic oral testing of the active ingredient with respect to certain use patterns only). Where a particular data requirement is use-pattern dependent, it will apply to each end- use product which is to be labeled for that use pattern (except where such end- use product is formulated from a registered manufacturing-use product permitting such formulations) and to each manufacturing-use product with labeling that allows it to be used to make end-use products with that use pattern. Thus, for example, a subchronic oral dosing study is needed to evaluate the safety of any manufacturing-use product that legally could be used to mate an end-use, food-crop pesticide. But if an end-use product's label specified it was for use only in ways that involved no food/feed exposure and no repeated human exposure, the subchronic oral dosing study would not be 4 ------- required to evaluate the product's safety; and if a manufacturing-use product's label states that the product is for use only in making end-use products not involving food/feed use or repeated human exposure, that subchronic oral study would not be relevant to the evaluation of the manufacturing-use product either. If a registrant of a currently registered manufacturing-use or end-use product wishes to avoid the costs of data compensation [under FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D)] or data generation [under Section 3(c)(2)(B)] for "generic" data that is required only with respect to some use patterns, he may elect to delete those use patterns from his labeling at the time he reregisters his product. An applicant for registration of a new product under this Standard may similarly request approval for only certain use patterns. E. DATA COMPENSATION REQUIREMENTS UNDER FIFRA 3(c)(1)(D) Under FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D), an applicant for registration, reregistration, or amended registration must offer to pay compensation for certain existing data the Agency has used in developing the Registration Standard. The data for which compensation must be offered are all data which are described by all of the following criteria: 1. The data were first submitted to EPA (or to its predecessor agencies, USDA or FDA), on or after January 1, 1970; 2. The data ware submitted to EPA (or USDA or FDA) by seme other applicant or registrant in support of an application for an experimental use permit, an amendment adding a new use to a registration, or for registration, or to support or maintain an existing registration; 3. They are the kind of data which are relevant to the Agency's decision to register or reregister the applicant's product under the Registration Standard, taking into account the applicant's product's composition and intended use pattern(s); 4. The Agency has found the data to be valid and usable in reaching regulatory conclusions; and 5. They are not data for which the applicant has been exempted by FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(D) from the duty to offer to pay compensation. (This exemption applies to the "generic" data concerning the safety of an active ingredient of the applicant's product, not to "product specific" data. The exemption is available only to applicants whose product is labeled for end- uses for which the active ingredient in question is present in the applicant's product because of his use of another registered product containing that active ingredient which he purchases from another producer. An applicant for reregistration of an already registered product under this Standard, or for registration of a new product under this Standard, accordingly must determine which of the data used by EPA in developing the Standard must be 5 ------- the subject of an offer to pay compensation, and must submit with his application the appropriate statements evidencing his compliance with FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D). An applicant would never be required to offer to pay for "product specific" data submitted by another firm. In many, if not in most cases, data which are specific to another firm's product will not suffice to allow EPA to evaluate the applicant's product, that is, will not be useful to the Agency in determining whether the applicant's product is registrable. There may be cases, however, where because of close similarities between the composition of two or more products, another firm's data may suffice to allow EPA to evaluate seme or all of the "product specific" aspects of the applicant's product. In such a case, the applicant may choose to cite that data instead of submitting data frcm tests on his own product, and if he chooses that option, he would have to comply with the offer-to-pay requirements of Section 3(C)(1)(D) for that data. Each applicant for registration or reregistration of a manufacturing-use product, and each applicant for registration or reregistration of an end-use product, who is not exempted by FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(D), must comply with the Section 3(c)(1)(D) requirements with respect to each item of "generic" data that relates to his product's intended uses. A detailed description of the procedures an applicant must follow in applying for reregistration (or new registration) under this Standard is found in the Guidance Package for this Standard. F* OBTAINING DATA TO FILL "DATA GAPS"; FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B) Some of the kinds of data EPA needs for its evaluation of the properties and effects of products to which this Standard applies have never been submitted to the Agency (or, if submitted, have been found to have deficiencies rendering them inadequate for making registrability decisions) and have not been located in the published literature search that EPA conducted as part of preparing this Standard. Such instances of missing but required data are referred to in the Standard as "data gaps". FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B), added to FIFRA by the Congress in 1978, authorizes EPA to require registrants to whom a data requirement applies to generate (or otherwise produce) data to fill such "gaps" and submit those data to EPA. EPA must allow a reasonably sufficient period for this to be accomplished. If a registrant fails to take appropriate and timely steps to fill the data gaps identified by a section 3(c)(2)(B) order, his product's registration may be suspended until the data are submitted. A mechanism is provided vrtiereby two or more registrants may agree to share in the costs of producing data for which they are both responsible. The Standard lists, in the third chapter, the "generic" data gaps and notes the classes of products to which these data gaps pertain. The Standard also points out that to be registrable under the Standard, a product must be supported by certain required "product specific" data. In sane cases, the Agency may possess sufficient "product specific" data on one currently registered product, 6 ------- but may lack such data on another. Only those Standards which apply to a very small number of currently registered products will attempt to state definitively the "product specific" data gaps on a "product by product" basis. (Although the Standard will in some cases note which data that EPA does possess would suffice to satisfy certain "product specific" data requirements for a category of products with closely similar composition characteristics.) As part of the process of reregistering currently registered products, EPA will issue Section 3(c)(2)(B) directives requiring the registrants to take appropriate steps to fill all identified data gaps — whether the data in question are "product specific" or "generic" — in accordance with a schedule. Persons who wish to obtain registrations for new products under this Standard will be required to submit (or cite) sufficient "product specific" data before their applications are approved. Upon registration, they will be required under Section 3(c)(2)(B) to take appropriate steps to submit data needed to fill "generic" data gaps. (We expect they will respond to this requirement by entering into cost-sharing agreements with other registrants who previously have been told they must furnish the data.) The Guidance Package for this Standard details the steps that must be taken by registrants to comply with Section 3(c)(2)(B). G. AMENDMENTS TO THE STANDARD Applications for registration which propose uses or formulations that are not presently covered by the Standard, or which present product compositions, product chemistry data, hazard data, toxicity levels, or labeling that do not meet the requirements of the Standard, will automatically be considered by the Agency to be requests for amendments to the Standard. In response to such applications, the Agency may request additional data to support the proposed amendment to the Standard, or may deny the application for registration on the grounds that the proposed product would cause unreasonable adverse effects to the environment. In the former case, when additional data have been satisfactorily supplied, and providing that the data do not indicate the potential for unreasonable adverse effects, the Agency will then amend the Standard to cover the new registration. Each Registration Standard is based upon all data and information available to the Agency's reviewers on a particular date prior to the publication date. This "cut-off" date is stated at the beginning of the second chapter. Any subsequent data submissions and any approved amendments will be incorporated into the Registration Standard by means of addenda, which are available for inspection at EPA in Washington, D.C., or copies of which may be requested from the Agency. When all the present "data gaps" have been filled and the submitted data have been reviewed, the Agency will revise the Registration Standard. Ttiereaf ter, when the Agency determines that the internally maintained addenda have significantly altered the conditions for registration under the Standard, the document will be updated and re-issued. While the Registration Standard discusses only the uses and hazards of products containing the designated active ingredient(s), the Agency is also concerned with the potential hazards of seme inert ingredients and impurities. 7 ------- Independent of the development of any one Standard, the Agency has initiated the evaluation of sane inert pesticide ingredients. Where the Agency has identified inert ingredients of concern in a specific product to which the Standard applies, these ingredients will be pointed out in the Guidance Package. 8 ------- II. REGULATORY POSITION AND RATIONALE A. Introduction B. Description of Chemical C. Regulatory Position D. Regulatory Rationale E. Criteria for Registration Under the Standard F. Acceptable Ranges and Limits G. Required Labeling H. Tolerance Reassessment A. INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the Agency's regulatory position and rationale based on an evaluation of all registered products containing carboxin as the sole active ingredient. After briefly describing carboxin, this chapter presents the regulatory position and rationale, and the criteria for registration of products containing this chemical. These include labeling considerations, and tolerance reassessment. A sunmary of data requirements is contained in Chapter III. Data supporting this regulatory position are discussed in each of the disciplinary chapters, IV through VIII. Also considered in this Standard are Special Local Need (SLN) registrations which are issued by a State in accordance with FIFRA section 24(c). Valid State registrations will be subject to reregistration under the EPA Registration Standard System, in the same manner as registration issued under section 3 of FIFRA. B' DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL Carboxin [5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide] is a systemic fungicide registered for use as a seed treatment to protect barley, corn, wheat, oats, cotton, and peanuts; and registered for SLN use only in the states of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas as a combined foliar and soil application on peanut plants to control Southern blight. The structural formula is: ch2 c—ch3 OU C —C—NH —r » \=/ 0 Uniroyal, Inc. is the principal producer and registrant. Carboxin (technical material) is formulated int6 a formulation intermediate, a wettable powder/dust, a dust, two ready-to-use liquids (flowable), two soluble concentrate liquids; and also a granular formulation and flowable concentrate for SLN use only. Carboxin is unusual because it is systemically toxic to phytopathogenic Basidianycetes. It is less toxic to phytopathogenic fungi of other classes, therefore, it is commonly applied in combination with thiram or 9 ------- captan, or applied to seed previously treated with other fungicides to broaden the spectrum of diseases controlled. Any combination (i.e. mixture) of carboxin with other pesticides will not be considered in this Standard at this time. C. REGULATORY POSITION Based on a review of the available scientific data and other relevant information on carboxin, the Agency has made the following determinations: 1. Pesticide products containing this sole active ingredient may be registered, subject to the terms and conditions specified in this Standard. 2. None of the risk criteria for determining unreasonable effects has been met or exceeded for this active ingredient. 3. The registrant must develop or agree to develop additional data, specified in Chapter III, to maintain the existing registration or to permit new registrations. 4. Tolerances for registered uses on barley, wheat, oats, corn, cotton, and peanuts are supported by the residue and toxicology data submitted for seed treatment uses. Tolerances are not supported for the combined foliar and soil application on peanuts (SIIJ use). D. REGULATORY RATIONALE Exposure via drift of the chemical is possible because the granular formulation is broadcast aerially for the combined foliar and soil treatment to peanut plants. Although the flowable concentrate formulation is applied by overhead irrigation or sprayed as a ground application, exposure is expected to be minimal due to the dilutions used and the use directions that state that the spray is to be directed at the crown of the plant, thereby minimizing possible drift in this use pattern. For the predominant use pattern, dermal exposure from handling treated seed is expected to be low because most seeds are mechanically planted. Potential exposure to wildlife exists through the ingestion of treated seeds and granules. Mechanically planted seeds may be left uncovered or partially uncovered at the end of rows, and therefore wildlife, especially birds, could ingest treated seeds. Because there are no registered public health related uses, the Agency has waived the need far efficacy data to support the uses of carboxin. The Agency has concluded that it should continue the registration for this chemical for the following reasons: 10 ------- 1. No significant adverse effects data of regulatory concern have been uncovered in the review of the studies which have been received, either in studies sufficient to meet data requirements or in those which fail to meet data requirements but which provide some level of qualitative information. 2. No significant potential risk associated with the use of carboxin is indicated frcm the accident data as reported on this chemical. 3. In accordance with FIFRA, the Agency's policy is not to cancel or to withhold registration merely for the lack of data. (See sections 3(c)(2)(B) and 3(c)(7) of FIFRA). Rather, publication of the Standard provides a mechanism for identifying data needs, and registration under the Standard allows for upgrading of labels during the period in which the required data are being generated. When these data are received, they will be reviewed by the Agency. The Agency will then determine whether these data will affect the registration of this chemical. E. CRITERIA FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE STANDARD lb be subject to this Standard, products must meet the following conditions: - contain carboxin as the sole active ingredient? and - bear required labeling; and - conform to the acute toxicity limits, product composition and use pattern requirements stated in Section F, below. The applicant for registration or reregistration of products subject to this Standard must comply with all terms and conditions described in this Standard including a commitment to fill data gaps on a time schedule specified by the Agency and, when applicable, offering to pay compensation to the extent required by 3(c)(1)(D) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended, 7 U.S.C. 136(c)(1)(D). As discussed in chapter I, applicants for registration under this Standard must contact the Registration Division for specific instructions, including updated information contained in the guidance package on data requirements, and companies whose data must be cited and to whan compensation must be offered. F. ACCEPTABLE RANGES AND LIMITS 1. Manufacturing-Use Products a. Product Composition Standard Currently the Agency has minimal information that indicates ranges and limits for the product composition of manufacturing-use products ------- containing carboxin. To be covered under this Standard, registrants of manufacturing-use products containing carboxin must certify ranges and limits for both active and inert ingredients, and impurities. b. Acute Toxicity Limits The Agency will consider registration of manufacturing-use products containing carboxin regardless of the toxicity category, provided that the labeling of such products bears appropriate precautionary statements. c. Use Patterns and Application Methods To be registered under this standard, manufacturing-use products containing carboxin must be labeled to allow for formulation only into end- use products which are intended for use as: 1) application to seeds of barley, corn, wheat, oats, cotton, or peanuts, and/or, 2) combined foliar and soil application to peanuts. 2. End-Use Products a. Product Composition Standard Currently the J^jency has minimal information that indicates ranges and limits for the product composition of end-use products containing carboxin. To be covered under this Standard, registrants of end-use products containing carboxin must certify ranges and limits for both active and inert ingredients. b. Acute Toxicity Limits The Agency will consider registration of end-use products containing carboxin far treating seeds and combined foliar and soil application under a general-use classification, provided that they bear appropriate precautionary labeling. c. Use Pattern and Application Method Limits To be registered under this standard, end-use products containing carboxin must be labeled as a systemic fungicide for one or more of the following uses: application to seeds of barley, oats, wheat, corn, cotton, and peanuts. The data on combined foliar and soil application on peanuts do not adequately support registration for these uses under section 3 of FIFRA. The full range of acceptable use patterns, maximum application rates, preharvest intervals, application methods, and other conditions are specified in Table 1. 12 ------- TABLE 1 Dosage Rates and Use Limitations SITE MAXIMUM DOSAGE USE LIMITATIONS Barley (grain crop) 2.25 oz. a.i./lOO lb. seed Seed treatment only Barley (seed crop) 3.00 oz. a.i./lOO ib. seed Seed treatment only Cotton 6.00 oz. a.i./lOO lb. seed Seed treatment only Peanuts 4.50 oz. a.i./lOO lb. seed Seed treatment only Oats 1.12 oz. a.i./lOO lb. seed Seed treatment only Wheat (grain crop) 2.25 oz. a.i./lOO lb. seed Seed treatment only Wheat (seed crop) 3.00 oz. a.i./lOO lb. seed Seed treatment only Peanuts 1.0 lb. a.i./acre Granular combined foliar and soil application use only.— Preharvest interval - 20 days.— Peanuts 16 oz. a.i./acre g Ground spray only.— Preharvest interval - 60 days.— Peanuts 10.9 oz.a.i./acre Overhead irrigation only.— Preharvest interval - 60 days.— a/ Combined foliar and soil application to peanuts can be registered under this Standard provided (lj adequate residue data are developed to show that the present tolerance is adequate to cover the proposed use, or (2) 40 CFR 180.301 is revised to accomodate the residues occuring fran the use on peanuts, peanut hulls, and peanut hay. b/ Currently registered only as a Special Local Need (24(c)) registration in Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas. c/ Currently registered only as a SLN registration in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas. 13 ------- G. REQUIRED LABELING All manufacturing-use and end-use products containing carboxin must bear labeling as specified in 40 CFR 162.10. The guidance package for this Standard contains specific information regarding label requirements. In addition, the following specific labeling requirements may apply: 1. Manufacturing-Use Products a. Use Pattern Statements All manufacturing-use products containing carboxin must list on the label the intended end-uses of formulated products produced frcm manufacturing- use products. These statements are necessary to identify the applicability of certain of the data requirements which are necessary only in support of manufacturing-use products intended for formulation into products labeled for combined foliar and soil application. These products must bear one or both of the following statements on the label: 1. "For formulation into products intended for fungicide treatment of seeds. 2. "For formulation into products intended for combined foliar and soil fungicide application." b. Precautionary Statements There are no unique precautionary statements which must appear op labeling of manufacturing-use products containing carboxin. Hie guidance package provides an updated list of all required precautionary statements typical for this type of product. The Agency may# after review of the data required under this Standard, impose additional label requirements. 2. End-Use Products a. Precautionary Statements For all seed treatment uses: "Do not use treated seed for food, feed, or oil puposes." For cotton: "Do not graze or feed livestock on hay grown frcm treated seed." For peanuts (combined foliar and soil application only): "Do not hog down treated peanut fields prior to harvest." or "Do not graze or feed livestock on treated areas." 14 ------- For barley, corn, oats, and wheat: "Do not graze or feed livestock on treated areas for six weeks after planting.11 The guidance package provides an updated list of all required precautionary statements typical for this type of product. The Agency may, after review of the data required under this Standard, impose additional label requirements. H. TOLERANCE REASSESSMENT Tolerances reflecting seed treatment use have been established for combined residues of the fungicide carboxin and its metabolite 5,6-dihydro-3- carboxanilide-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-4-oxide (calculated as carboxin) in or on raw agricultural commodities as follows: 0.5 ppm in or on forages of barley, oats and wheat; 0.2 ppm (negligible residue) in or on cottonseed,' peanuts, peanut hay and peanut hulls; 0.2 ppm in or on barley, (grain and straw), corn (grain, fodder and forage), fresh corn including sweet corn (kernels plus cob with husk removed), oats (seed and straw), rice and rice straw, sorghum (grain, fodder and forage), soybeans, and wheat (grain and straw): 0.1 ppm in meat, fat and meat by-products of cattle, goats, hogs, horses, poultry and sheep; 0.01 ppm in eggs; and 0.01 ppm in milk (40 CFR 180.301). Codex Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) have not been established for carboxin. There are no Canadian or Mexican tolerances. Data summarized in this Standard support the established tolerances on corn, cottonseed, peanuts, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, meat and meat by-products, and milk. Established tolerances on soybeans and rice are supported by residue data obtained with multiple-active ingredient formulations. The establishment of tolerances in poultry, meat, meat by-products and fat, and eggs are based on the conclusion that it is not possible to establish with certainty whether finite residues will be incurred, but there is no reasonable expectation of finite residues. In part, this conclusion is supported by the absence of observed bioaccumulation in a ruminant feeding study. According to available data, the seed treatment use of carboxin falls under category (2) of 40 CFR 180.6(a), i.e. while it is not possible to to establish with certainty whether finite residues in meat, milk, poultry, and eggs will result from the feeding of commodities grown from carboxin-treated seed, there is a reasonable expectation of finite residues based on the feeding of exaggerated levels of carboxin. Carboxin tolerances on crops are based on residue data obtained with a gas chromatographic method that does not determine insoluble anilide complexes. However, residues in growing crops, analyzed by a colorimetric method that determines both soluble and insoluble residues, decline at a rate such that residues in mature crops would not be expected to exceed tolerance levels. 15 ------- In calculating the theoretical maximum residue contribution (TMPC), the Agency assumes that the chemical is applied to all commodities on which its use is registered, that each canmodity contains the maximum level allowed by the tolerance, and average 60 kg. adult eating patterns result in 100 percent of carboxin-treated foods in the adult diet of 1.5 kg./day. The TMRC of carboxin to the human diet is calculated to be 0.071 mg/day. The Agency has calculated an acceptable daily intake (ADI) value of 0.4 milligrams of carboxin per kilogram of body weight per day. This value is based on a "no-observed-effect" levei (NOEL) of 200 ppm established in a two year rat feeding study, and the incorporation of a 100 fold safety factor in translating the data from animal to man. Based on the TMRC of carboxin to the diet and the fact that the available data do not indicate an unreasonable effect in test animals, the established tolerances (for seed treatment only) are considered adequate to protect public health. It must be emphasized that the established tolerances provide only for the seed treatment use of carboxin. Combined foliar and soil application of carboxin to peanuts which is registered in six states under Section 24(c) of FIFRA, may result in higher residues than those fran seed treatment, thereby necessitating a higher tolerance. Additional data to evaluate this SLN use are required. 16 ------- III. SUMMARY OF DATA REQUIREMENTS AND DATA GAPS Applicants for registration of manufacturing-use and end-use carboxin products roust cite or submit the information identified as required in the tables in this chapter. The tables applicable to end-use products indicate whether the product to be tested is the technical grade or formulation. Data generated on one formulation may be used to satisfy the data requirement for a substantially similar formulation. Information on which product specific data requirements are already met is available in the guidance package. Before each requirement is listed the section of the Proposed Guidelines which describes the type of data and when the data are required to be submitted [43 FR, 29696 of July 10, 1978; and 43 FR, 37336 of August 22, 1978]. Justifi- cation for why the test is required is provided in the Guidelines. A dis- cussion of why data additional to those already submitted are necessary, or why data normally required are not necessary for this chemical, are explained in footnotes to the tables. The data requirements specified are the minimum that will be required. Areas where additional data may be required as the result of tiered testing are indicated. 17 ------- CARBOXIN A-l. Generic Data Requirements: Environmental Fate (See Chapter V) Guidelines Citation Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or Totally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Citation Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? If So, due when? 163.62-7(b) 163.62-7(c) 163.62-8(b) Hydrolysis Photodegradation Aerobic Soil Metabolism 1/ 1/ V 163.62-8(c) Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 1/ 163.62-8(f) Microbial Metabolism: (2) Effects of Microbes on Pesticides (3) Effects of Pesticides on Microbes no partial partially^ 4/ partially^ partially partially 00003088^ 00005540 00003225 05002176 00003041 00002935 05004996 00003226 00005540 05004129 05005110 05006789 05003218 00005540 05002757 05003947 05003657 05003852 yes, 14 months yes, 14 months yes, 14 months yes, 14 months reserved^/ reserved^ Ttiese data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements. V Radiolabeled analytical grade or non radiolabeled technical material. 2/ This study is useful and fills part of the requirements i.e., it provided information on rate of photodegradation tnder natural and artificial lights. However it failed to identify the photo products. Thus further data are required. A study of photolysis on soil is also required. 3/ Data are required on aerobic soil metabolism of carboxin sulfoxide (preferably in silt loam, loamy sand or sandy soils). The data are insufficient to evaluate carboxin sulfoxide persistence in aerobic soil. 4/ Additional data are required to include 2 more soil types (preferably loam and silt loam soils). 5/ Requirements for the submission of these data are currently being reserved pending development of protocols by the Agency. August 1981 18 ------- CARBQXIN A-2. Generic Data Requirements: Environmental Fate (See Chapter V) Guidelines Citation Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or *It>tally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Citation Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? If So, due when? 163.62-8(g) Activated Sludge Metabolism 163.62-9(b) Leaching 163.62-9(d) Adsorption/Desorpt ion 163.62-10(b) Terrestrial Field Dissipations (1) Field & Vegetable Crops 163.62-ll(b) Accumulation in Rotational Crops 163.62-ll(d) Fish Aocunulation 163.62-13 . Disposal & Storage 2/ 2/ all Representative Formulation 5/ 2/ partially^ partially^ all 00003227 00003114 00003229 00005541 05003915 00003087 00003114 00003224 00005544 00005545 reserved^ no^/ no yes, 14 months yes, 14 months no reserved^ Hiese data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the quidance package for updated requirements. 1/ Requirements for the submission of thi se data are currently being reserved pending developement of protocols by the Agency. 2/ Radiolabeled analytical grade or non »adiolabeled technical material 3/ Data requirements have been met by data submitted on adsorption/desorption- 4/ Dissipation and mobility rates for cadoxin formulations under actual use conditions are required. 5/ Radiolabeled analytical grade, and if radioactivity is found in the crops, followed with a field study using a typical representative formulation product. 6/ Hie available data satisfy the lab data requirements, however a field study is needed to determine if residues will be taken up by rotational crops. August 1981 19 ------- Guidelines Citation CARBCKIN A-l. Generic Data Requirements: Tbxicology (See Chapter VI) Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or "totally Satisfy this Requirement? 163.81-1 Acute Oral Toxicity 163.81-2 Acute Dermal Toxicity 163.81-3 Acute inhalation Toxicity 163.81-4 Primary Eye Irritation 163.81-5 Primary Skin Irritation 163.81-6 Dermal Sensitization 163.82-1 Subchronic 21-Day Cfal 163.82-2 Sdbdironic 21-Day Dermal Toxicity 163.82-4 Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Technical Grade of all Active Ingredient Technical Grade of all Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient partially^ Technical Grade of no Active Ingredient Technical Grade of all Active Ingredient Technical Grade of no Active Ingredient Technical Grade of all Active. Ingredient Technical Grade of all Active Ingredient Technical Grade of no Active Ingredient Bibliographic Citation 00003065 00003066 00003116 0003119 00003063 00003030 00003216 Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? If So, due when? no no yes, 14 months yes, 14 months no yes, 14 months no no 2/ reserved— Hiese data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements. 1/ Since the study gave neither the particle size nor the actual concentration of carboxin in the inhalation chamber, further testing is required. 2/ Will depend on results of an acute inhalation test for technical carboxin. August 1981 20 ------- A-2. CARBCKIN Generic Data Requirements: Tbxicology (See Chapter VI) Guidelines Citation Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or Tbtally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Citation Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? If So, due when? 163.83-1 163.83-2 163.83-3 163.83-4 163.84-2 through -4 163.85-1 Chronic Feeding Oncogenicity Teratogenicity Reproduction Mutagenicity Metabolism (Identification of Metabolites) Technical Grade of Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient all partially partially all partially all 00003031 00003152 00003031 00003152 00003120 00003032 00003118 00002945 00002943 00002944 no yes^, 38 months 2/ yes— , 24 months no yes^r 24 months no these data requirements ace current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements. 1/ An eighteen-month mouse oncogenicity study is needed to meet this requirement. 2/ A teratogenicity test is needed an a second mammalian species, i.e. in addition to the test on rats. 3/ Test choices within these categories must be accompanied with rationale. (1) At least 1 more test for detecting gene mutations from among these types: . Insects e.g. sex-linked recessive lethal test. . Mammalian somatic cells in culture with and without metabolic activation. . Mouse specific locus test. (2) At least 3 test for detecting chromosomal aberrations (see 163.84-l(b)(2)(ii). (3) At least 2 tests for detecting primary ENA damage (sec 163.84-l(b)(2)(iii)). August 1981 21 ------- CARBCKIN A-l. Generic Data Requirements: Residue Chemistry (See Chapter VII) Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or "totally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Citation Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(C)(2)(B)? If So, due when? Metabolism in Plants Radiolabeled Active Ingredient partially^ Metabolism in Animals Analytical Methods Radiolabeled Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient partially partially 05001172 05001304 05001302 05002793 05006363 05013368 05002886 05003664 05003673 05003663 05002177 00003044 00002941 05002737^- 00003058,, 00003335^ 00002919 00003054 00002905 00002940,. x 00002857^' 00025467 00025468 00025483 yes^, 14 months yes*' 1/ There are sufficient data for seed treatment use; however, only partial data have been submitted for the combined foliar and soil use on peanuts, new data will be necessary. 2/ Additional studies to determine the adequacy of milk and meat tolerances may be necessary depending on the outcome of the peanut plant metabolism and residue studies. 3/ Suitable for obtaining residue data, but not suitable for tolerance enforcement. 4/ Additional studies may be necessary if new metabolites are identified by the metabolisn studies. 5/ This method is acceptable for tolerance enforcement en meat, milk, and eggs. This same method may be acceptable for enforcement of tolerances on crops if supported by validation data that showed detection of insoluble anilide complexes. August 1981 22 ------- CARBCKIN A-2. Generic Data Requirements: Residue Chemistry (See Chapter VII) Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or Tbtally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Citation Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? If So, due when? Residue Data: Crops - Corn Technical Grade of Active Ingredient all 00003335 05002737 00005852 00003356 00025483 no Cottonseed Peanuts Technical Grade of Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient all partially^ 00003129 00003185 00025468 00003045 00025468 00002905 00002903 00003300 no reserved^ ttfieat Technical Grade of Active Ingredient all 00003219 00003158 00003045 00003218 00002961 no Barley Technical Grade of Active Ingredient all 00003158 00025468 00003221 no Oats Technical Grade of Active Ingredient all 00025468 00003220 00003158 no Sorghum Technical Grade of Active Ingredient all 00003045 00003054 00025468 no 1/ Only partial data have been submitted for the combined foliar and soil use on peanuts, new data will be necessary. 2/ Studies may be necessary depending on the outcome of peanut plant metabolism and residue studies. August 1981 23 ------- CARBCKIN A-3. Generic Data Requirements: Residue Chemistry (See Chapter VII) Name of Test (imposition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or Tbtally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Citation Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? If So, due when? Residue Data: Processed Crops Cotton seed oil meal Technical Grade of Active Ingredient all 00002938 00002938 no Peanuts meal oil Technical Grade of Active Ingredient partially 00003300 00003300 reserved^, 14 months Residue Data: milk meat poultry and eggs Technical Grade of Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient Technical Grade of Active Ingredient partially^ partially^ no±/ 00002945 00002945 reserved^. reserved^, reserved^, 14 months 14 months 14 months yes no Storage Stability Technical Grade of Active Ingredient 1/ Tftese tests may be required pending the outcome of the metabolism and residue studies on peanuts. 00025466 GS001201 August 1981 24 ------- CARBQXIN A. Generic Data Requirements: Ecological Effects (See Chapter VIII) Guidelines Citation Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or Tbtally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Citation Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(C)(2)(B)? If So, due when? 163.71-1 Avian Single-Dose Oral LD^ Technical Grade of Active Ingredient no - yes, 14 months 163.71-2 Avian Dietary LC5Q Technical Grade of Active Ingredient partial—^ 00003139 yes, 14 months 163.72-1 Fish Acute Technical Grade of Active Ingredient no - yes, 14 months 163.72-2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Technical Grade of Active Ingredient no - yes, 14 months 163.122-1 Seed Gemination Technical Grade of Active Ingredient no - 2/ yes— , 24 months 163.122-1 Vegetative Vigor Technical Grade of Active Ingredient no 1/ 2/ yes- , 24 months 163.122-2 Effects on Algae •technical Grade of Active Ingredient no 1/ 2/ yes— , 24 months 163.122-2 Effects on Aquatic Macrophytes Technical Grade of Active Ingredient no — 2/ yes— , 24 months These data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements. 1/ Data are required on the avian dietary LDj-q for an upland game bird. The requirement has been fulfilled for the mallard duck. 2/ These data are required unless the manufacturing-use product is labeled to exclude manufacturing into products intended for combined foliar and soil application to peanuts. 3/ The Agency has evaluated a few studies, but they are insufficient to fulfill the requirements. August 1981 25 ------- Carboxin B. Product Specific Manufacturing-Use Products Data Requirements: Product Chemistry (See Chapter IV) Guidelines Citation Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or Tbtally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Must Additional Data Citation be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? -• If So, due when? 163.61-3 Product Identity & Disclosure of Ingredients 163.61-4 Description of Manufacturing Process 163.61-5 Discussion on Formation of Unintentional Ingredients 163.61-6 Declaration & Certification of Ingredients Limits 163.61-7 Product Analytical Methods & Data 163.61-8 Physical/Chemical Properties Each Product Each Product Each Product Each Product Each Product Technical or Manu facturing- Use Product yes partially^ no no partially^ partially 1/ 00003172 00002995 1/ no 3/ yes- 3/ yes— yes, 14 months These data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements. 1/ Confidential Statements of Formula, EPA Form 8570-4. 2/ The manufacturing process is not sufficiently detailed for technical carboxin or the formulation intermediate. 3/ These requirements must be fulfilled by each applicant. Data from other applicants may not be cited. Therefore, even if the requirement has been partially or completely fulfilled for sane products, no references are given. These requirements must be filled at the time of registration or reregistration. 4/ The analytical methods are of sufficient detail to satisfy the Agency's requirements. However, validation data and results of analysis on at least five typical samples of each product must be submitted August 1981 26 ------- Carboxin C. Product Specific End—Use Products Data Requirements: Product Chemistry (See Chapter IV) Guidelines Citation Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or •totally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Must Additional Data Citation be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? If So, due when? 163.61-3 Product Identity & Disclosure of Ingredients 163.61-4 Description of Manufacturing Etooess 167.61-5 Discussion on Formation of Unintentional Ingredients 163.61-6 Declaration & Certification of Ingredients Limits 163.61-7 Product Analytical Methods & Data 163.61-8 Physical/Chemical Properties Each Product Each Product Each Product Each Product Each Product Each Product partially^ 4/ partially-' partially^ no partially^ partially^ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ yes^ yes^/ yes^ yesi/ These data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements. 1/ Oily data specified in the Confidential Statements of Formula EPA Form 8570-4 will be required. 2/ Confidential Statements of Formula, EPA Form 8570-4. 3/ These requirements must be fulfilled by each applicant. Data from other applicants may not be cited. Therefore, even if the requirement has been partially or completely fulfilled for seme products, no references are given. These requirements must be filled at the time of registration or reregistration. 4/ Manufacturing process for Vitavax Flowable Fungicide is the only process adequately described. August 1981 27 ------- CAKBOXIN C. Product Specific End-Use Products Data Requirements: Toxicology (See Chapter VI) Guidelines Citation Name of Test Composition Does EPA Have Data to Partially or Tbtally Satisfy this Requirement? Bibliographic Citation Must Additional Data be Submitted Under FIFRA 3(c)(2)(B)? If So, due when? 163.81-1 163.81-2 Acute Ctal Toxicity Acute Dermal Toxicity 163.81-3 163.81-4 Acute Inhalation Toxicity Primary Eye Irritation 163.81-5 Primary Skin Irritation Each Formulation— or Substantially Similar Formulation Each Formulatior>- or Substantially Similar Formulation Each Formulation— or Substantially Similar Formulation Each FomulatioiH^ or Substantially Similar Formulation Ea«:h Formulation— or Substantially Similar Formulation partially partially partially partially partially 00003317-1/ 0000308lJ) 00003082^ GS001205^/ 00003314j^ 00003080|^ 000058 00005866|( GS001203— 00003034f( 00003083^ GS001204^ 0000330l|/ 00003035=y 00003161^-y 00005857^ 00003005^ GS001202— 0000331lj^ 00003162-5^ 000058565/ 00005864|/ GS001206^ 3/ yes- , 14 months 7/ yes-7 , 14 months 3/ yes-' , 14 months 7/ yes-' , 14 months 7/ yes-' , 14 months These data requirements are current as of August, 1981. Refer to the guidance package for updated requirements. 1/ See Guidance Package for requirements for each formulation or substantially similar formulation. 2/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 75% a.i. wettable powder/dust formulation. 3/ Further testing is required for a 29.52% a.i. soluble concentrate/liquid, 25% a.i. dust, and a 10% a.i. granular formulation. 4/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 34% a.i. ready-to-use formulation. 5/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 17 o a.i. flowable formulation. 6/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 29.52% a.i. soluble concentrate/liquid formulation. 7/ Further testing is required for a 25% dust formulation. 8/ This study is adequate for the testing of a 10% a.i. granular formulation. August 1981 28 ------- IV. PRODUCT CHEMISTRY A. Chemical Identity B. Manufacturing Process C. Ingredient Limits in Carboxin Products D. Product Analytical Methods and Data E. Physical and Chemical Properties F. Summary of Data Gaps A. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Carboxin is the common name accepted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for the chemical 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3- carboxanilide. Carboxin is also known by the trade name Vitavax® and by the abbreviations DMOC and DCMO. The Chemical Abstracts Registry number is 5234- 68-4; the Uniroyal, Inc. internal code numbers as D-735 and F-735; and the EPA Shaughnessy number is 090201. The canmcn name, carboxin, will be used throughout this standard in lieu of other chemical or trade names. B* manufacturing PROCESS The specific details of the synthesis process for technical carboxin are considered trade secrets. There are two procedures, and they are detailed in Uniroyal, 19??, MRID 00003296 and Uniroyal, 1976, MRID 00003084. The manufacturing process for the formulation - Vitavax® Flowable Fungicide - has been submitted to the Agency (Uniroyal, .19??, MRID 00003231). This process is also considered a trade secret. Manufacturing processes for the other products have not been submitted to the Agency. C. INGREDIENT LIMITS IN CARBOXIN PRODUCTS A commitment (certification) is required frcm each registrant that the ingredients and impurities in the product will be maintained, within specified limits for as long as the product is offered for sale. Upper and lower limits are required for the active and intentionally added inert ingredients. Upper limits are required for the impurities. These have not been established for any carboxin product. D. PRODUCT ANALYTICAL METHODS AND DATA Infrared spectroscopic methods for the assay of carboxin in the technical product and in formulations have been submitted to the Agency, (Puchalsky, 1968, MRID 00003172 and Uniroyal, 19??, MRID 00002995). A titrimetric method has also been submitted for the determination of carboxin in the technical product (Uniroyal, 1960, MRID 00002978). The above-mentioned infrared spectroscopic and titrimetric methods have been published by Stone (1976, MRID 05005076). 29 ------- Carboxin formulations may be analyzed for the active ingredient by an ultraviolet spectrophotometry method (Harda, 1978, MRID 05003778). The above mentioned assay methods are sufficiently detailed to satisfy Agency requirements. However, validation data and results of analysis on at least five typical samples of each product have not been submitted. This information will need to be submitted. E. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES The following information is for technical carboxin, unless otherwise mentioned. 1. Color Off-white (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and Confidential Statement of Formula [CSF]) 2. Odor Described as "faint" (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF) 3. Melting Point Two melting ranges of technical carboxin are 91.5-92.5°C and 98-101°C, reflecting two crystalline structures. In solution the two structures revert to one. It is reported that that there are no differences in biological activity between the two structures (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF). 4. Density or Specific Gravity Product Density/Specific Gravity Technical 1.70 Technical 40-45 lbs/ft^* Formulation Intermediate 20-30 lbs/ft * Beady to Use (Flowable) 1.05-1.13 gm/tol Soluble Concentrate (Liquid) 1.13-1.18 gm/faL *Bulk density (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF) 30 ------- 5, Physical State Product Physical State Technical Formulation Intermediate Wettable Powder/Dust Ready-to-Use (Flowable) Soluble Concentrate Dust Crystalline solid Solid Powder Liquid Liquid Powder (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF) 6. Solubility Solvent Distilled Water Benzene Dimethyl Sulfoxide Acetone Methanol Ethanol 7. Stability Gm Solute/100 gm solvent 0 25 C 0.017 15 150 60 21 11 (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859) Carboxin is readily inactivated by ultraviolet light and sunlight (Buchenour, 1975, MRID 05002823). 8. pH There are two Ready-to-Use (Flowable) formulations. The pH range for one of these formulations is 7.0-9.0, the other is 6.2-8.2. The pH for the soluble concentrate formulation is 9.0-10.5 (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF). 9. Flammability Product Type Technical Ready-to-Use (Flowable) Ready-to-Use (Flowable) Soluble Concentrate (Liquid) Flash Point Test Method 203 C C.O.C.* >93 C Unreported 102 C Unreported 56 C Unreported *Cleveland Open Cup Method (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859 and CSF) 10. Storage Stability Three years (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005859). 31 ------- F. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS A detailed manufacturing process for the technical product, the formulation intermediate, and each end-use product except Vitavax® Flowable Fungicide; details on the formation of unintentional ingredients; certification of ingredient limits; validation data and results frcm analysis on each product; and various physical/chemical properties must be submitted to the Agency. 32 ------- V. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE A. Use Summary B. Environmental Fate Profile C. Exposure Profile D. Summary of Data Gaps A. USE SUMMARY Carboxin is a systemic fungicide registered for use as a seed treatment for control of smuts and seed rot and seedling blight caused by Khizoctonia solani. As a single active ingredient* use sites include barley, corn, cottonseed, oats, peanuts, and wheat. Carboxin is also registered for Special Local Needs (FIFRA section 24(c)) as a combined foliar and soil application on peanuts to control Southern blight (in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas only). At present six products with carboxin as the sole active ingredient are registered for use: a dust (25% a.i.); a wettable pov*3er/dust (75% a.i.); two ready-to-use flowable liquids (34% and 17.1% a.i.); and two liquid soluble concentrates (both 29.5% a.i.). For SLN use there are two formulations registered: a 34% flowable concentrate and a 4% granular. Current seed treatment uses and application rates, by formulation, are summarized in Table 1; and SLN combined foliar and soil application rates are summarized in Table 2, on the following pages. 33 ------- Table 1 Seed Treatment Application Rates RATE RANGE (oz. product/100 lb seeds) Formulation* WP/D RTU D SC/L (75%) (34% & 17.1%) (25%) (29.52%) Crop Barley 2-3-^ 2-3-/ Corn 2-4—^ 4-6 Cottonseed 4-8 16-/ 20-/ Oats 1-2 2-3-/ Peanuts 2-6 Wheat 2-3—^ 2-3^ *WP/D- Wettable Powder/Dust RTU- Ready-to-Use D- Dust SC/L- Soluble Concentrate/Liquid —^4 oz./lOO lbs. for seed production purposes only —^34% Ready to Use Formulation c / ~'17.1% Ready to Use Formulation —^Limited by registrant to seed treatment by professional applicators only 34 ------- Table 2 Foliar Application Rates on Peanuts Formulation* FC (34%) G (4%) State a / Alabama 3 pints/acre—' Georgia 3 pints/acre—^ 25 lbs./acre—^ North Carolina 3 pints/acre^ 25 lbs ./acre^ Oklahoma 3 pints/acre—^ 25 lbs:/acre—^ c / 2 pints/acre— South Carolina 3 pints/acre^ a / j Texas 3 pints/acre— 25 lbs./acre— c / 2 pints/acre—' * FC- Flowable Concentrate G- Granular —^Mixed with 20 gallons of water and applied by ground spray —^Mixed with 30 gallons of water and applied by ground spray —^Applied by overhead irrigation only —^Applied by air or ground broadcast 35 ------- B. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROFILE The available data are insufficient to completely assess the environmental fate of carboxin. In aqueous solution (under UV light and in the dark) carboxin was oxidized to carboxin sulfoxide, carboxin sulfone, and tvo unidentified compounds (A and B). The photolytic half-life was less than four hours. After sevgn days of irradiation in aqueous solution, 40 and 9 percent of the exposed C carboxin was present as the unidentified ccmpounds A and B, respectively. Fourteen days later, 57 percent of the radioactivity was present as compound A and 19 percent as compound B. Fomation of compound A was accelerated in a 2 percent acetone- water solution (Smilo, 1977, MRID 00003088). Carboxin was degraded in aerobic soil. The haxf-life of carboxin was less than one day in loamy sand and silt loam soil, and less than three days in sandy soil, with more than 95 percent of the applied carboxin being degraded within seven days. The major degradation product was carboxin sulfoxide, which represented 31-54 percent of the applied radioactivity at seven days after treatment. Carboxin sulfoxide residue levels declined to 28-49 percent and 19 percent of the applied radioactivity at 30 and 154 days after treatment, respectively. Several minor degradation products were also for^|d (carboxin sulfone, p-hydroxy carboxin sulfoxide, p-hydroxy carboxin, and G02). Carboxin was degraded in sterile soil but at a much slower rate than in nonsterile soil (46-72 percent degraded in seven days). This indicated that the soil metabolism of carboxin under aerobic conditions was both a microbial and chemical process. Carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone were stable under anaerobic conditions (Chin et al., 1972, MRID 00002935; Chin et al., 1969, MRID 00003041; Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002176; Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05004996; Dzialo and Lacadie, 1978, MRID 00003225; Dzialo et al., 1978, MRID 00003226; and Spare, 1979, MRID 00005540). Carboxin was oxidized to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone by flavin enzymes found in fungal mitochondria. The fungus Ustilago roaydis and isolated mitochondria frcm Trametes versicolor and Aspergillus niger were capable of oxidizing carboxin to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone. This reaction was accelerated under illuminated conditions. A Pseudonvonas species oxidized carboxin to carboxin sulfoxide in three days and to carboxin sulfone in seven days (Balasubramanya and Patil, 1976, MRID 05006289). Carboxin sulfone was hydrolyzed to form 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-carboxylic acid-4,4- dioxide and aniline (Lyr et al., 1974, MRID 05003852). Basillus cereus oxidized carboxin to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone in Nile River water containing added sludge (El-Dib and Aly, 1976, MRID 05003218; Bachofer et al., 1973, MRID 05005110; and Michail et al., 1975, MRID 05004129). The effect of carboxin on microorganisms is varied. At two ppm, carboxin had a slight inhibitory effect on fungal populations for 21 days and inhibited starch degradation (33-55 percent) for three days. A severe inhibitory effect on nitification (75-85 percent) occurred frcm 7 to 14 days after treatment with carboxin at two ppm. This inhibition may have been due to carboxin sulfoxide 36 ------- since more than 95 percent of the carboxin was degraded within seven days (Spare, 1979, MRID 00005540). Carboxin at 50 ppm inhibited dehydrogenase activity in fungi 30 percent (Lyr et al., 1974, MRID 05003852). In the laboratory, carboxin inhibited two strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nutrient agar. When applied to inoculated seed at 0.1-0.2 ppm (approximate actual application rate), carboxin inhibited nodulation of soybeans inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum by up to 83 percent and completely inhibited nodulation of Vigna an^uiculata inoculated with rhizobia strains 3 756 and XS 30 however, treated unmoculated seeds planted in soil containing rhizobia strains CB 756 and XS 30 produced nodules (Curley and Burton, 1975, MRID 05003947). Azotobacter chroococcum and Rhizobium trifolii in nutrient agar were not inhibited by carboxin at two and ten ppm, respectively. Although carboxin sulfone at 25-150 ppm decreased nitogen fixation by Rhizobia trifolii 20-25 percent, it is doubtful that carboxin sulfone will be present in concentrations greater than 0.05 ppm as a result of the application of carboxin. Of the 23 common soil bacteria and fungi exposed to carboxin, only four experienced growth reductions of 20 percent or more at the lowest concentration of 2.5 ppm (Spare, 1979, MRID 00005540; El-Dib and Aly, 1976, MRID 05003218; Fisher, 1976, MRID 05002757; and Kritzman et al., 1977, MRID 05002989). Both carboxin.and carboxin sulfoxide were mobile in soil, with about half of the applied C carboxin leaching through the twelve inch column of clay loam soil (Lacadie et al., 1978, MRID 00003227 and Dannals et al., 1976, MRID 00003114). Lacadie et al. (1978, MRID 00003229) found that radiolabeled carboxin aged in sandy soil was mobile. Approximately 17 percent of the applied radioactivity was recovered in the leachate from a twelve inch soil column. One-third of the radioactivity was in the top three inches and one- fourth was in the three to six inch segment of the soil column. Carboxin, carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone were identified in the leachate and accounted for 0.3, 3.3 and 0.5 percent respectively of the applied radioactivity. Smyser (1979, MRID 00005541) found that there is a low potential for carboxin adsorption to a sandy loam soil (Freundlich adsorption coefficient was K=0.78). The calculated desorption coefficient was K=1.10. A simulated field dissipation study was conducted by Cardona et al. (1976, MRID 00003087), One month after a sandy loam soil was treated with radiolabeled carboxin (1 lb./acre) only 4 percent of the applied carboxin had not degraded. The major degradation products were carboxin sulfoxide (31-33 percent) and an unidentified compound II (6-18 percent). Two months after treatment the carboxin could not be detected and only 4 percent of the sulfoxide and 2-3 percent of compound II remained. After one year, approximately 75-80 percent of the radioactivity remaining was found in the top six inches. Leaching to at least 11 inches was indicated by the detection of radioactivity at that depth. The detection of the compound, its metabolites, or degradation products at a depth of 11 inches one year after application indicated that carboxin aged residues wsre persistent and mobile. 37 ------- 14 Dannals et al. (1976, MRID 00003114) found C residues in wheat (seed), beets (top and root^ and lettuce planted in a sandy loam soil four months after treated with C-carboxin at 1 lb. a.i./acre. The concentration of oxathiin-labeled residues present in those crops were 1.5-60 times higher than the concentration of aniline-labeled residues. A field study by Uniroyal Chemical (1978, MRID 00003224) showed that carboxin residues were rot taken up in turnip roots planted 59 days after treatment with carboxin (Vitavax® 3F). Carboxin residues were less than 0.2 ppm, the sensitivity of the method used, in turnip greens and rye seed planted after treatment. However, the analytical method was not sensitive enough to determine conclusively that residues less than 0.2 ppm were not taken up by rotational crops. Bluegill sunfish exposed to carboxin at a constant concentration of 0.012 ppm for 30 days accumulated the compound at 0.50 ppm with a bioaccumulation factor of 45. A plateau was not reached during the 30-day exposure period, thus indicating that there is a potential for carboxin residues to accumulate in sunfish. Residue levels were increasing at the end of the exposure period, indicating that continued uptake of C residues could occur because carboxin oxidative products (carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone) are stable and persistent in water and probably would be available for uptake (accumulation) beyond 3CLdays. After a 14-day depuration period, 23 percent (0.11 ppm) of the maximum C residue levels remained in the sunfish (Kuc and Doebbler, 1979, MRID 00005544). Catfish exposed to carboxin and its aged residues at 0.05 ppm accumulated,0.36 ppm with a bioaccumulation factor of 5 after exposure for 22 days. The C residue levels in the whole fish tissue had declined by approximately 15 percent (to 0.31 ppm) at 30 days. After a 14-day depuration period, 32 percent (0.12 ppm) of the maximum C residue levels in catfish remained (Kuc and Doebbler, 1979, MRID 00005545). Since 40-80 percent of the residues in the bluegill sunfish and over 50 percent of the residues in the catfish were unextractable, the identity of the unextractable compounds cannot be established. In summary, carboxin is rapidly degraded to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone (greater than 95 percent within seven days) by microbial and chemical processes in aerobic soil. Based on the nobility data available, carboxin was not tightly adsorbed to sandy loam soil and was mobile in soil columns under rapid leaching conditions, indicating a potential to contaminate ground water. Mobility of carboxin aged in soil was mitigated by its degradation to carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone. However, carboxin sulfoxide and small amounts of carboxin sulfone were mobile in soil columns, indicating their potential to reach ground water. Carboxin severely yet briefly inhibits starch degradation and when used as a seed treatment on inoculated seeds severely inhibits formation of nodules by some strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Therefore, the use of carboxin on inoculated legumes (currently used on peanuts) may have an effect on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and therefore en the amounts of nitrogen available to peanuts. 38 ------- Carboxin residue levels of 0.50 and 0.36 ppm accumulated in bluegill sunfish and catfish. Carboxin sulfoxide was the major carboxin metabolite in bluegills, but the carboxin residues in catfish were not identified. Carboxin sulfoxide was the major degradation product of carboxin in soil and water. Carboxin sulfoxide was present in aerobic soil for at least five months and was stable in anaerobic soil, Carboxin was photodegraded to carboxin sulfoxide and two unidentified compounds. Carboxin sulfoxide may inhibit nitrification in soil. Carboxin sulfone (the fungicide oxycarboxin) is a minor product of carboxin degradation. It will not be present in soil in a sufficient concentration to result in significant exposure. C. EXPOSURE PROFILE 1. Seed Treatment Formulations Only Exposure from this use pattern to humans, livestock, and wildlife via spray drift is unlikely because the chemical is not applied aerially. Carboxin and its residues have been shown to be mobile in soil indicating a potential for groundwater contaminate. Although the mobility of carboxin aged in soil was mitigated by its degradation to the sulfoxide and sulfone, these degradates were also mobile in soil. However, since single active ingredient formulations of carboxin are used primarily as seed treatments, the use pattern minimizes the potential exposure of humans and domestic animals to carboxin and its residues via groundwater contamination. Carboxin residues indicated a potential to accumulate in bluegill sunfish and catfish. However, as formulations containing the single active ingredient carboxin are used primarily in seed treatments, this potential hazard is minimized. Potential exposure of humans by ingestion of carboxin residues in rotated crops is also minimized by this use pattern. Potential exposure of wildlife exists through the ingestion of treated seeds. Mechanically planted seeds may be left uncovered or partially covered at the end of rows, and therefore wildlife, especially birds, could ingest treated seeds. Data necessary to estimate the nature and extent of such exposure are unavailable. The greatest potential for human exposure exists during seed treatment, most of which is done by seed processors or seed companies. Respiratory exposures may be especially high from the use of dust formulations, and commercial applicators are switching to the flowable concentrate to reduce such exposure. Dermal exposure from handling treated seed is expected to be low since most seeds are mechanically planted. 39 ------- 2* Special Local Need Registrations a. Flowable Concentrate Exposure to humans, livestock and wildlife via spray drift is unlikely because the product is not applied aerially. Exposure by spray drift as a result of ground application is not expected because of the use directions which state that the spray solution should be directed to the crown of the plaint and pegging zone as a course spray. Direct exposure to humans by overhead irrigation of plants.is expected to be minimal due to the dilution directions involved in its application. However, dermal, ocular and oral exposure to humans may occur from drinking and washing of face and hands with irrigation water. Wildlife and domestic animals may potentially be exposed by drinking the irrigation water. Carboxin and its residues have been shown to be mobile in soil indicating a potential to runoff and/or contaminate ground water. The data necessary to develop a quantitative assessment of carboxin and its residues to contaminate ground water are not available. Carboxin residues indicated a potential to accumulate in bluegills and catfish. The Agency does not currently have data to develop a quantitative assessment of fish exposure to residues of carboxin in adjacent ponds as a result of runoff. Potential exposure of humans to carboxin residues by ingestion of rotated crops is increased by the increased dosage and the number of applications involved in the flowable concentrate use on peanuts. Itie Agency does not currently have data to estimate the nature and extent of such exposure. b. Granular Formulation Exposure is possible from the drift of dust particles from aerial applications of granulars. However, little or no information is presently available on the aerial application of granular fungicides. Potential exposure of humans to carboxin and its degradation products by ingestion of rotated crops is increased by the increased dosage and number of applications involved in the granular product use on peanuts, since the granular product falls predominantly on the ground with little intercepted by peanut foliage. Because of increased levels of residues, the preharvest interval has been increased to 60 days. Exposure by mobility and accumulation in fish is similar to the flowable concentrate, but the exposure is increased because of the use pattern for the granular product. D. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS A number of the guideline requirements have been partially fulfilled by the data submitted. However, data are still needed to adequately assess the environmental fate of carboxin. The specific deficiencies can be found in the Data Requirements Charts in Chapter III. The data gaps are: hydrolysis, photodegradation, aerobic and anaerobic soil metabolism, terrestrial field dissipation, and accumulation in rotational crops. 40 ------- VI. TOXICOLOGY A. Toxicology Profile B. Human and Domestic Animal Hazard Assessment C. Summary of Data Gaps A. TOXICOLOGY PROFILE 1. Technical Carboxin a. Acute Effects A limited amount of information was available to assess the acute oral toxicity of technical carboxin. The oral LD5Q in rats was 3.82 + 0.35 g/kg which is sufficient to assign technical carboxin to Toxicity Category III (Carson, 1965, MRID 00003065). An acute dermal toxicity test was conducted in rabbits (Carson, 1965, MRID 00003066). The data show that when applied as a 50% aqueous slurry, technical carboxin causes no mortality at levels of 8 q/kg, Which is sufficient to assign it to Toxicity Category III. Babish (1977, MRID 00003116) reported that exposure for one hour to a concentration of 20 ml/1 of technical carboxin did not cause mortality in rats in an acute inhalation toxicity test. However, due to inappropriate testing protocols, this study must be repeated. In a primary dermal irritation study conducted on rabbits, 0.5 gm of technical carboxin was applied to the skin and did not cause irritation (Babish, 1977, MRID 00003119). This study indicates that technical carboxin is not a potential skin irritant and may be assigned to Toxicity Category IV. b. Subchronic Effects Sufficient data were available to assess the subchronic dietary and dermal effect of technical carboxin. In the rat 90-day feeding study the No Observ- able Effect Level (NOEL) was 200 ppm of carboxin in the diet. At the 600 ppm level, the effects noted were degenerative renal changes (Ozer, 1966, MRID 00003063). In the two-year dog feeding study the NOEL was 600 ppm (Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003030). In addition, in a 21-day dermal study, rabbits treated with 3.0 gAg did rot produce any treatment related effects (Holsing, 1968, MRID 00003216). No data were available to assess the subchronic inhalation toxicity of technical carboxin. However, the requirements of these data is reserved pending the final results of the acute inhalation study. c. Chronic Effects In a screening study, groups of rats were fed for two years diets containing 0, 300, 1,000 or 3,000 ppm of technical carboxin (Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003152). A NOEL was not established in this study because the dose levels were too high. However, in a subsequent chronic feeding study over a two year period, 41 ------- rats were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200, or 600 ppm of technical carboxin (Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003031). This study indicated that the NOEL is 200 ppm. At the 600 ppm level the effects were poor survival and weight gain depression. These data are sufficient to satisfy the requirement for chronic feeding. No evidence of oncogenicity was indicated in either of the two-year feeding studies (Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003031 and Holsing, 1969, MRID 00003152). However, oncongenic testing in a second species (preferably the mouse) is required. A teratology study was conducted in rats by Knickerbocker (1977, MRID 00003120). Technical carboxin at doses as high as 4.0 mgAg/day did not produce any maternal toxicity. However, teratogenicity testing is still required in a second species. In a three generation reproduction study, rats were fed diets containing 100, 200, and 600 ppm technical carboxin (Holsing, 1968, MRID 00003032). There were no treatment related effects on reproductive performance. The NOEL was established at 200 ppm. d. Mutagenicity Mutagenicity testing is incomplete. In a study by Brusick (1977, MRID 00003118) tvo different types of tests for detecting gene mutations were reported. Carboxin was tested in the Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay with and without a rat liver microsome metabolic activation system. No increases in reversion frequency were detected in either assay. Carboxin was also tested in a mutation assay system using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but procedures in this assay were inadequately described. Additional mutagenicity testing is required, e. Metabolism Kennedy (1971, MRID 00002943) reported cxi the distribution and excretion of C carboxin in rats. Between 88 and 99 percent of the compound was recovered, most within 24 ho^s of treatment. The urine contained 42-89 percent of the administered C and the feces contained 10-45 percent. The remainder was found in the animal's tissues and organs. In a companion study, Kennedy (1971, MRID 00002944) characterized the *^C activity in urine and feces using thin layer chromatography and liquid,, scintillation. Carboxin sulfoxide accounted for 27-45 percent of the C in the 24 hour sample and 47-56 percent in the 72 hour sample. Three additional urinary components were detected but not identified, and the parent compound was not^present. The major component found in the feces (19-36 percent of fecal C) was tentatively identified as carboxin sulfone. These studies collectively provide sufficient information about the metabolism of carboxin in animals. 42 ------- 2. End-Use Carboxin Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, and inhalational) and irritation testing (eye and dermal) is required for each formulation or substantially similar formulation. a. Acute Effects- Oral One test (Matthews, 1970, MRID 00003317) is available on the acute oral LDcq of a 75% wettable powder/dust formulation. The LD^q value for this formulation in albino rats is greater than 2 gAg. This is sufficient information to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category III. Two acute oral toxicity studies were conducted that together show that the LD,-n for the 34% ready-to-use liquid formulation in rats is greater than 5 ml/leg, or 5 g/kg (Babish, 1977, MRID 00003081 and Babish, 1977, MRID 00003082). This is sufficient information to place this formulation in Toxicity Category IV. The acute oral LDqn of the 17% flowable formulation was found to be greater than 5 ml/kg in rats (Babish, 1977, MRID GS001205). This formulation falls into Toxicity Category IV. b. Acute Effects-Dermal A dermal toxicity study was conducted on rabbits using a 75% wettable powder/dust formulation (Matthews, 1970, MRID 00003314). No deaths and no signs of toxicity were observed at doses up to 10 gAg. This is sufficient information to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category III. The acute dermal LD,-n value of a 34% ready-to-use formulation was found to be greater than 20 ml/Kg or 20 gAg in albino rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID 00003080). This is sufficient information to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV. The acute dermal LA-n value of a 29.52% soluble concentrate/liquid formulation was found to be greater than 5 gAg for albino rabbits (Stevens, 1979, MRID 00005858). This information is sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category III. The acute dermal LA-n of a 10% granular formulation is greater than 20 gAg in albino rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID 00005866). No deaths occurred in the 14 day observation period. Decreased activity and anorexia were the only toxic signs. This is sufficient information to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV. The acute dermal LD™ of a 17% flowable formulation is greater than 20 gAg in rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID GS001203). Hiis test substance falls within Toxicity Category IV. 43 ------- c. Acute Effects- Inhalation Binnes et al. (1969, MRID 00003034) found that the LCcn value of a 75% wettable powder/dust formulation is greater than 5 rng/I for rats. No animals died, but test animals displayed a nasal discharge during exposure. This formulation can be assigned a Toxicity Category III. Rats were exposed to a. concentration of 20 mg/1 of a 34% ready-to-use formulation. No mortality was produced, but ataxia was observed (Babish, 1977, MRID 00003083). These data indicate that this formulation can be assigned to Toxicity Category IV. The inhalation LC,-0 of a 17% flowable formulation is greater than 20 ml/1 in rats (Babish, 1977, MRID GS001204). This test substance falls within Toxicity Category IV. d. Acute Effects- Eye Irritation Two studies were conducted using a 75% wettable powder/dust formulation. Holsing (1968, MRID 00003035) placed 100 mg of the formulation in the eyes of rabbits and observed marked and persistent conjunctival effects, iris irritation, and corneal opacity. In general, the irritation and corneal damage were still present after 14 days. Bailey (1976, MRID 00003301), also placed 100 mg of the 75% wettable powder formulation into one eye of each rabbit and noted corneal opacity within 72 hours, and damage to the iris, although neither of these effects persisted for seven days. Conjunctival effects occurred and persisted for seven days. This information is sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category I, however, if the registrant wishes to repeat an eye irritation study for the required 21 days, the Toxicity Category may be lowered. Testing a 34% ready-to-use formulation for eye irritation, Babish (1976, MRID 00003161) found no irritation to the conjunctiva, iris or cornea of the eyes of the test rabbits. This formulation can be assigned to Toxicity Category IV. Stevens (1979, MRID 00005857) tested a 29.52% soluble concentrate/liquid formulation for eye irritation. Results show transient conjunctival effects, however no iris or cornea irritation was observed. These observations are sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV. A 10% granular formulation was instilled in one eye (unwashed) of each of six rabbits (Bailey, 1976, MRID 00003005). This treatment did not produce corneal damage, but did cause slight conjunctival effects, including redness, swelling, and discharge. These effects started within 72 hours in all six rabbits and persisted in four rabbits for seven days. These results are sufficient to place this formulation in Toxicity Category III, however, if the registrant wishes to repeat an eye irritation study for the required 21 days, the Toxicity Category may be lowered. A 17% flowable formulation was a mild to moderate eye irritant to rabbits which produced corneal opacity persisting over 72 hours, but less than seven days 44 ------- (Babish, 1977, MRID GS001202). The average Draize score was 0.66, which is sufficient to place this formulation into Toxicity Category III. e. Acute Effects- Dermal Irritation No irritation was observed at 24 and 72 hours after a 75% wettable powder/dust formulation was applied to the skin of rabbits (Matthews, 1970, MRID 00003311). These results are sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV. Moderate irritation to the intact and abraded skin of albino rabbits was observed at 24 and 72 hours after application of a 34% ready-to-use formulation (Babish, 1976, MRID 00003162). Erythema and edema were also noted. These results were sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV. The 29.52% soluble concentrate/liquid formulation was severely irritating when applied to both intact and abraded skin of albino rabbits. Moderate to severe erythema and edema persisted throughout the 72 hour observation period (Stevens, 1979, MRID 00005856). These results were sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category III. No irritation was observed at 24 and 72 hours after a 10% granular formulation was applied to the skin of rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID 00005864). These results are sufficient to assign this formulation to Toxicity Category IV. A 17% flowable formulation produced edema for 72 hours when tested on rabbits (Babish, 1977, MRID GS001206). The average Draize score was 0.50, indicating that this formulation is not classified as a skin irritant and can be placed into Toxicity Category IV. B. HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT 1. Technical The information available to assess potential hazard as a result of chronic exposure is incomplete (see the Toxicity Profile for details). However, the available data suggest carboxin poses little or no discernible risk in regards to oncogenic, teratogenic and reproductive effects to man or domestic animals. In addition, the data on acute oral, acute dermal and primary deirmal irritation indicate the products containing carboxin are in Toxicity Category III. No data were available to assess the acute inhalation, primary eye irritation and dermal sensitization hazard. 2. Wettable Powder/Dust (wp/p) The 75% WP/D formulation had low acute oral, acute dermal, acute inhalation and primary skin irritation potentials. However, the overriding toxic effect is the primary eye irritation category. Two irritation studies show that this formulation is a moderate to severe eye irritant and appropriate labelling and caution (Category I) is necessary. 45 ------- 3. Ready-to-Use (RTU) The 34% and 17% RTU formulations, according to the acute oral, acute dermal, acute inhalation, primary eye, and primary dermal irritation, are in Toxicity Category IV (low hazard potential). 4. Soluble Concentrate/Liqu id (SC/L) The 29.5% SC/L formulation, according to the acute dermal, primary eye irritation, and dermal irritation, is in Toxicity Category III. This is due to the moderate dermal irritation effects. 5. Granular The 10% granular formulation showed low dermal toxicity and irritation, however there was moderate eye irritation. This formulation can be placed in Toxicity Category III. C. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS The following tests are required for the reregistration of carboxin: acute oral toxicity (25% dust, 29.5% soluble concentrate/liquid, and 10% granular), acute dermal toxicity (25% dust), primary eye irritation (technical product and 25% dust), skin irritation (25% dust), acute inhalation toxicity (10% granular, 25% dust, 29.5% soluble concentrate/liquid), and the following tests on the technical product only: dermal sensitivity, oncogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity. 46 ------- VII. RESIDUE CHEMISTRY A. Residue Chemistry Profile B. Labeling Requirements C. Summary of Data Gaps A. RESIDUE CHEMISTRY PROFILE 1. Uptake and Distribution and Metabolism in Plants Data obtained by a variety of methods show that carboxin is systemic in plants. Extracts of plants grown from carboxin-treated seed or immersed in a carboxin solution have been shown by bioassay methods to contain fungicidal residues (Verma and Vyas, 1976, MRID 05001172; Thapliyal and Sinclair, 1971, MRID 05001304; Thapliyal and Sinclair, 1970, MRID 05001302; Bolkan and Milne, 1975, MRID 05002793). Fungicidal residues persist up to 29 days in seme plants (Bolkan and Milne, 1975, MRID 05002793). The distribution of residues derived from phenyl-^C- or oxathiin-^C- carboxin in cotton, wheat, barley, soybean, and bean plants has been studied (Leroux and Gredt, 1972, MRID 05006363; Ambro-Balint, 1974, MRID 05013368; Briggs et al., 1974, MRID 05002886; Thapliyal and Sinclair, 1971, MRID 05001304; Kirk et al., MRID 1969, 05003664; Berggren and Pinckard, 1973; MRID 05003673; Snel and Edgington, 1970, MRID 05003663; Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002177; Chin et al., 1969, MRID 00003044; Chin et al., 1972, MRID 00002941). Bioassay data show that carboxin is systemic in all species studied. The pattern of distribution of carboxin and its metabolites within plants is variable, depending upon the species examined, the length of exposure to the labeled compound. Data obtained by methods capable of detecting the total radiolabeled residue (combustion technique, radioautography) show that roots, lower stem and the earliest leaves contain the bulk of the radiolabeled chemical (Kirk et al., 1969, MRID 05003664; Berggren and Pinckard, 1973, MRID 05003673; Snel and Edgington 1970, MRID 05003663; Chin et al., 1969, MRID 00003044). Radiolabeled carboxin distribution within plants was similar when the C label was in the oxathiin or phenyl rings of carbon (Briggs et al., 1974, MRID 05002886; and Chin et al., 1969, MRID 00003044). The predominant metabolite of carboxin in wheat, beans, and barley plants grown from C-carboxin-treated seed is the sulfoxide derivative of carboxin (Leroux and Gredt, 1972, MRID 05006363; Ambro-Balint, 1974, MRID 05013368; Snel and Edgington, 1970, MRID 05003663; Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002177). Small amounts of carboxin sulfone (oxycarboxin) have been found in treated barley and wheat (Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002177), and the p-hydroxylated derivative of carboxin has been identified in barley (Briggs et al., 1974, MRID 05002886). As crops mature, insoluble anilide complexes (these complexes of carboxin or carboxin derivatives with macromolecules such as lignin are insoluble in water and organic solvent and liberate aniline upon hydrolysis) increase (Briggs et al., 1974, 05002886; Snel and Edgington, 1970, MRID 05003663? Chin et al.,1970, MRID 05002177; Chin et al., 1972, MRID 00002941). Seven weeks after planting, acetone-insoluble residues were 23 percent of the total residue in barley and 40 percent in wheat (Chin et al., 1970, MRID 05002177). Polar metabolites of carboxin also increase during crop maturation (Leroux and 47 ------- Gredt, 1972, MRID 05006363; Snel and Edgington 1970, MRID 05003663), but do not contribute significantly to the total residue in aerial portions of plants (Leroux and Gredt, 1972, MRID 05006363). The uptake, distribution and metabolism of carboxin in plants has been adequately defined for the registered seed treatments. The residues of concern are: carboxin, carboxin sulfoxide, carboxin sulfone and insoluble anilide complexes. 2. Metabolism in Food-Producing Animals Data on the metabolism of carboxin in food-producing animals have not been submitted to the Agency. The Agency is not requiring an animal metabolism study to support the seed treatment use of carboxin. Data from a ruminant feeding study (see Residues in Animals) in conjunction with data on residues in crops (see Residues in Plants) indicate that total residues would be low or undetectable in tissues of animals fed commodities grown from seed treated with carboxin at application rates now permitted. Additional metabolism and residue studies are being required to support the combined foliar and soil application to peanuts. If these studies show a higher residue level than that resulting from seed treatment, metabolism studies may be necessary on ruminants and poultry, since peanut meal, hulls, and soapstock are feed items. 3. Analytical Methods A colorimetric method (Lane, 1970, MRID 05002737), by which carboxin and carboxin derivatives are determined as aniline, has been used to obtain most residue data on growing crops. Sensitivity of this method is 0.2 ppnu Sane residue data were obtained by an earlier version of the aforementioned colorimetric method (Lane, 1966, MRID 00003058). A gas chromatographic method also based on determination of aniline has been used to gather data on residues in mature crops (Sisken and Newell, 1971, MRID 00003335). Sensitivity of the method is 0.2 ppm. Recovery data for both methods are acceptable. No pesticide with tolerances on commodities on which carboxin is used has been found to interfere with the GLC method. Only pesticides hydrolyzable to 3,4-dichloroaniline, such as diuron and linuron, have been found to interfere with the colorimetric method (Lane and Sisken, 19??, MRID 00025467; Uniroyal Chemical, 1970, MRID 00025468; Uniroyal Chemical, 197?, MRID 00025483; Uniroyal Chemical, 1975, MRID 00002919; Uniroyal Chemical, 1975, MRID 00003054; Uniroyal Chemical, 1974, MRID 00002905; and Uniroyal Chemical, 1972, MRID.00002940). The colorimetric method determines most carboxin derivatives including insoluble anilide complexes, but samples analyzed by the GLC method are not 48 ------- likely to detect insoluble complexes. There have been no data submitted indicating the fraction of total residues determined by either method. The colorimetric and GLC methods are subject to considerable interferences in untreated crop samples. A modified colorimetric method for residues hydrolyzable to aniline in meat, milk and eggs has been submitted (UniroyalChemical, 1973, MRID 00002857). The method differs from that of Lane in that samples undergo extraction and column-chrcmatography clean up steps prior to steam distillation. Sensitivity of the method is 0.2 ppm for meat and meat by- products, 0.05 ppm for eggs, and 0.02 - 0.05 ppm for milk. Untreated sample blanks are low, recovery data are adequate and other pesticide and pesticides with tolerances on meat, milk, and eggs do not interfere with the determination of carboxin. The method has been successfully tried out in an EPA laboratory and is published in the Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM). This method has not been validated for commodities other than meat, milk and eggs. In sunmary, both the colorimetric method of Lane and the GLC method of Sisken and Newell are suitable for obtaining residue data, although the latter method may not determine insoluble aniline complexes. Neither method is suitable for tolerance enforcement, but a modification of the colorimetric method is acceptable for enforcement of tolerances on meat, milk, and eggs. The modified method may be acceptable for tolerance enforcement on crops, if data, including data showing that the method determines insoluble anilide complexes, are submitted and the method was validated. 4. Residues in Plants The following tables of residue data reflect the use of carboxin as a seed treatment. Residues in or on immature crops were analyzed primarily by the colorimetric method of Lane (1970, MRID 05002737), and residues in mature crops by the GLC method of Sisken and Newell (1971, MRID 00003335). The residue level on carboxin-fortified plant samples did not change after seven months of subzero storage (colorimetric method, Stone, 1969, GS001201) or on fortified seed samples stored for 11 months at room temperature (GLC method, Sisken and Lane, 1970, MRID 00025466). 49 ------- Corn: Residue data have been obtained on fodder (vd-iole immature plants) , forage (stalks at harvest), ears (without husks), and grain. Data were gathered in Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Minnesota, Washington, Nebraska and North Carolina: RESIDUE SUMMARY RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION SAMPLE PHI RATE(s) ppm (as carboxin) (weeks) (oz/cwt seed) <0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5 oust y Fodder 4-21 1.5,3.0 12 0 0 Forage 22-23 1.0-3.0 6 0 0 Ears 21-25 1.0-3.0 8 0 0 grain 21-24 1.5-6.0 8 0 0 READY-TO-USE (FLOWABLE) Fodder 4 1.4-2.7 0 11* Fodder 5-9 1.4-2.7 11 10 Forage 15-26 0.7,4.0 10 0 0 Ears 15-26 0.7,4.0 10 0 0 SOLUBLE CONCENTRATE-LIQUID Fodder 10-15 1.1 8 0 0 Forage 17-29 1.1 5 0 0 Ears 9-17 1.1 6 0 0 Grain 14-17 1.1 2 0 0 [*] (1.1 ppm) V Uniroyal Chemical, 197?, MRID 00025483 2/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1973, MRID 00005852 3/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1975, MRID 00003356 COTTONSEED: Data on residues in whole cotton plants, seed, and in proceeded fractions of seed were obtained in California, Georgia, Mississippi, and Florida: RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION PHI RATE(S) ppn (as carboxin) SAMPLE (weeks) (oz/cwt seed) <0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5 FLOV&BLS FUNGICIDE Seed 28-30 2.8-12.8 9 0 0 WETTABLE POWDER Whole plant 2-4 3-12 0 0 13* Whole plant 5-8 3-12 4 3 7** Whole plant 10-14 3-12 6 2 0 [*] (2-32 ppm) [**] (0.6-1.2 ppm) 1/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1973, MRID 00003129 2/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1970, MRID 00025468 3/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1967, MRID 00003185 50 ------- Residues declined with a half-life of 5 days. Residues were less than 0.2 ppm in oil and meal from processed cottonseed grown from seed treated with 6 or 12 oz. carboxin per 100 lb. of seed (Sisken, 1970, MRID 00002938). PEANUTS: Data on whole plants, peanut seed, meal and oil from processed seed, and on hulls were gathered from Georgia, North Carolina, Florida, and Texas: RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION SAMPLE PHI RATE(s) ppm (as carboxin) (weeks) (oz/cwt seed) <0.2 0 .2-0.5 >0.5 2-4 4.5,9.0 0 2 8* 4-7 4.5,9.0 3 2 3** 8-10 4.5,9.0 4 2 2*** declined with a half-life of 4-5 days. 20 4.5,9.0 4 0 0 20 4.5,9.0 4 0 0 17 2.25,4.5 4**** 0 0 17 2.25,4.5 4**** 0 0 17 2.25,4.5 4 **** 0 0 17 2.25,4.5 4**** 0 0 WETTABLE POV0ER, , 0 , Whole plant- Whole plant Whole plant i Hullsr-y Hulls- 5/ Whole/Seed— 53^ [*] (1.3-53 ppm) [**] (1.3-3.6 ppm) [***) (0.7-0.8 ppm) 14 [****] xhe formulation contained C-carboxin. All residues were less than 0.05 ppm. 1/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1970, l*RID 00025468 2/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1969, M*ID 00003045 7/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1974, MlID 00002905 1/ Uniroyal Chemical, 1974, NRID 00002903 5/ Collier et al., 1974, NRID 00003300 Additional residue studies are required to support the combined foliar and soil application to peanuts. 51 ------- SMALL GRAINS: Data have been obtained in Idaho, Illinois, Utah, Kansas, North Dakota, Texas, and Manitoba on residues in vdiole plants and grain of oats, barley and wheat. SAMPLE PHI (weeks) RATE (s) (oz/cwt seed) POST — Wheat-vdiole-plants-^ Wheat-grainxy Wheat-straw-{y Barley-grai n*/, Barley-str ay' Oats-grainjy Oats-straw-' READY-TO-USE (FLOV&BLE)-5// RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION ppn (as carboxin) <0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5 6 17-19 17-19 18 18 23 23 1.5,3.0 1.5,3.0 1.5,3.0 1.5,3.0 1.5,3.0 1.5,3.0 1.5,3.0 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wieat-fcfoole plants 4 1.2-4.0 2 2 6* Wheat-whole plants 6-12 1.2-2.0 6 3 0 Wheat-whole plants 6-12 2.4-4.0 4 1 4 ** Wheat-grain 12-40 1.2-5.6 12 0 0 Wheat-straw 12-40 1.2-4.0 10 0 0 Barley-whole plants 4 1.2-4.0 2 4 0 Barley-whole plants 6-12 1.2-2.4 7 1 0 Barley-whole plants 6-12 4.0 2 1 1# Barley-grain 12-34 1.2-4.0 6 0 0 Barley-straw 12-34 1.2-4.0 6 0 0 WETTABLE POWDER/DUST ,, Wheat-whole plants— 4-11 4-11 Wheat-whole^plants Wheat-straw- - Barley-whole plants- — 2-3 Barley-whole plantsQ . 4-11 Barley-wholegplanta- 1 Barley-grain- «/ Oats-whole plants-' 4-11 14-41 6-11 4 8 6 0 8 8 4 2## 3-6 8 0 0 3-8 0 0 4$ 3-4 14 4 0 8 6 4 1## 4-12 8 0 0 4-12 9 3 0 ResigugSpki whole plants declined with an approximate half-life of 10 davs—' days- [*] (0.8-1.8 ppm) [**] (0.6-8.7 ppm) [#] (0.8 ppm) [##] (0.6 ppm) [$] (0.9-13.3 ppm) 1/ Uniroyal Chemical 2/ Uniroyal Chemical 3/ Uniroyal Chemical 4/ Uni royal Chemical 5/ Uniroyal Chemical \/ Uniroyal Chemical 7/ Uniroyal Chemical ][/ Uniroyal Chemical 1978, 1978, 1977, 1978, 1973, 1969, 1972, 1970, MRID MRID MRID MRID MRID MUD MRID MRID 00003219 00003218 00003221 00003220 00003158 00003045 00002961 00025468 52 ------- SORGHUM; Data were obtained on growing plants, grain, and fodder (plants after harvest) in Nebraska, South Dakota, Kansas, Missouri, and Texas. RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION PHI RATE(s) ppn (as carboxin) SAMPLE (weeks) (oz/cwt seed) <0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5 READY-TO USE (FLOWABLET^ Whole plants 4-9 3,6 6 0 0 SOLUBLE CONCENTRATE-LIQUID Whole plants 4-14 1.1,2.2 22 2 0 Fodder 14 1.1,2.2 8 0 0 Grain 7-14 1.1,2.2 6 0 0 WETTABLE POVJDER/DUST Whole plants 2-4 3,6 2 0 14* Whole plants 4-11 3 8 6 0 Whole plants 4-11 6 7 1 6** Residues declined with a half-life of 11 days^ [*] (0.6-10.8) [**1 (0.6-1.7) [11 Uniroyal Chemical, 1969, MRID 00003045 [2] Uni royal Chemical, 1975, MRID 00003054 [3] Uniroyal Chemical, 1970, MRID 00025468 Data on residues in plants are adequate for the currently registered uses of carboxin, and are consistent with existing tolerances. 53 ------- 5. Residues of Carboxin in Animals 14 Three lactating cows were administered phenyl- C-carboxin in the diet. Milk, urine, and feces were monitored daily for radioactivity, and after tendays of treatment the animals were sacrificed, and muscle, kidney, liver, and fat analyzed for radioactivity. Most of the radiolabel was excreted in the urine, the rate of excretion plateauing after the second day. Maximal radioactivity in the feces was reached in the first week. Trace radioactivity in milk plateaued after the first few days. Less than two percent of the ingested carboxin was detected in tissues at sacrifice. Residues were distributed as follows (Kennedy and Jenkins, 1971, MRID 00002945). TOTAL RESIDUE (PPB - EXPRESSED AS CARBOXIN) PPM ADMINISTERED LIVER KIDNEY MUSCLE FAT MILK (MAXIMUM) 03 22 18 ? 3 1 1.5 78 71 23 7 4 5.0 147 81 39 13 8 The feeding study adequately depicts the distribution of tagged residues in animals ingesting carboxin. However, the nature of the residue in food- producing animals is not known. Data on residues in poultry and eggs have not been submitted to the Agency, however, the Agency is not requiring a poultry feeding study to support the seed treatment use of carboxin. The feeding study described above indicates no propensity far residues to accumulate in animal tissues, and data on residues in crops (see Residues in Plants) demonstrate the absence of detectable residues in poultry feed items. B. LABELING REQUIREMENTS Labels on all carboxin formulations are required to prohibit use of treated seed for food, feed, or oil purposes. A restriction on grazing livestock on treated areas for six weeks after planting should remain on products used on barley, corn, oats and wheat. Formulations used on cottonseed are required to bear a prohibition against grazing of livestock on treated areas and feeding hay grown frcm treated seed. The wettable powder formulation used on peanuts should continue to bear a restriction against grazing treated areas, but the current label restriction against feeding peanut hay (mature vines) to livestock is unnecessary because the established tolerance on peanut hay is adequate to cover seed treatment use. C. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS Data demonstrating that the enforcement method is capable of determining the residue of concern in crops are required. Due to the SM registrations for combined foliar and soil use, additional residue and metabolism studies on peanuts are required. If these studies show a higher residue level than that from seed treatment, residue and metabolism studies may be necessary on ruminants and poultry, since peanut meal, hulls, and soapstock are feed items. 54 ------- VIII. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS A. Ecological Effects Profile B. Ecological Effects Hazard Assessment C. Summary of Data Gaps A. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROFILE Scientifically sound data an the toxicity of technical or end-use carboxin to nontarget organisms arc very limited. One study (Fink, 1974, MRID 00003139) showed that technical carboxin is practically nontoxic to mallard ducks, with an I£t-g value greater than 4640 ppm. A few studies were presented vrfiich demonstrate the phytotoxicity of technical carboxin. A study showed that five ounces of technical carboxin per one hundred pounds of seed (cwt) as a seed treatment had no effect on wheat or barley (Kratka, 1971, MRID 05003530). Another study demonstrated that cotton seedlings grown in a nutrient solution containing 40 ppm carboxin suffered severe growth reduction (Davis, 1971, MRID 05001204). In a third study, a 100 ppm foliar drench of carboxin had no effect on begonia growth (Harris, 1975, MRID 05003951). The following EC,Q values for seed treatments were demonstrated using a 34% flowable concentrate formulation: Crop Treatment Reference Cotton 8 oz./ewt Uniroyal, 1972, MRID 00003125 Wheat 28 oz./ewt Uniroyal, 1973, MRID 00003094 Barley 28 oz./ewt Uniroyal, 1973, MRID 00003094 Peanuts 2.2 lb a.i./acre* Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00003236 * This is a foliar spray application. There was no effect on vrtieat or oats from a seed treatment of 12 oz. a.i./cwt, the highest level tested for the 25% dust formulation. The EC,Q for barley was 3-4 oz. a.i./cwt for the 25% dust (Uniroyal, 1977, MRID 00005548). 55 ------- There was no effect frcm using the 75% wettable powder formulations as seed treatments on the following crops: Crop Treatment Reference Wheat Corn Peanuts 6 oz. a.i./cwt Uniroyal, 1973, MRID 00002910 3 oz. a.i./cwt Uniroyal, 1971, MRID 00002951 8 oz. a.i./cwt Clark, 1971, MRID 05003675 Barley 4 oz. a.i./cwt Clark, 1971, MRID 05003675 Foliar applications of the wcttable powder formulation at the rate of eight to nine pounds a.i./acre had only a slight effect on peanuts (Uniroyal, 1971, MRID 00002859 and Uniroyal, 1975, MRID 00003149). There was no effect to peanuts resulting from the application of three pounds a.i./acre of 4* granular carboxin when applied at the pegging stage (Uniroyal, 1973, MRID 00002861). There was no effect to aotton following a seed treatment using an experimental 10% liquid formulation at a rate of 8 oz./cwt (Uniroyal, 1974, MRID 00003001). B. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS HAZARD ASSESSMENT Insufficient information is available on the technical, or end-use products, or their degradates to evaluate the potential impacts from carboxin to nontarget fish and wildlife species. Due to the scarcity of information, a detailed plant hazard assessment cannot be made at this time. However, there is sane information concerning the effects of carboxin on crops on vrtiich it is used. Those crops (corn, cotton, peanuts, wheat, barley, and oats) suffer no ill effects frcm seed treatments at the recommended rates, although cotton displayed phytotoxic symptoms when subjected to a root drench at a higher rate. Begonia, the only ornamental tested, suffered no injury frcm a foliar drench. All existing uses could expose nontarget fish and wildlife species to the parent compound or its degradates, carboxin sulfoxide and carboxin sulfone. However, in the absence of appropriate data the significance of the exposure cannot be addressed. C. SUMMARY OF DATA GAPS The following tests are needed to meet minimum fish and wildlife data requirements to support the registration of carboxin: Avian single-dose oral LD50test for either a wild waterfowl (preferably the mallard) or an upland game bird (preferably the bobwhite quail, other native 56 ------- quail or the ring-nocked pheasant). The species selected is to be the same as one of the two species selected for the avian dietary LC^q tests. Avian dietary DC^test for an upland game bird (preferably the bobwhite quail, other native quail, or the ringed-neck pheasant). Fish acute LC^test for one ooldwater fish species, preferably the rainbow trout, and one warmwater species, preferably the bluegill. Acute ££50test for one species of freshwater invertebrate. For the combined foliar and soil applications of carboxin, tests will noed to be performed for the effect on seed germination, vegetative vigor, effects on algae, and aquatic macrophytes. These tests are not required for products registered soley for seed treatment. Further data may be required depending upon the examination of the above data and adequate environmental chemistry data on the parent compound as well as its degradates. 57 ------- IX. CASE BIBLIOGRAPHY Guide to Use of This Biblioqraphy 1. Content of Biblioqraphy. This bibliography contains citations of all the studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclusions stated elsewhere in this standard. The bibliography is divided into two sections: (1) citations in numerical order that contributed information useful to the review of the chemical and are considered to be part of the data base supporting registrations under the standard, and (2) an alphabetical listing of all documents reviewed by the Agency. Primary sources for studies in this bibliography have been the body of data submitted to EPA and its predecessor agencies in support of past regulatory decisions, and the published technical literature. 2. Units of Entry. Hie unit of entry in this bibliography is called a "study". In the case of published materials, this corresponds closely to an article. In the case of unpublished materials submitted to the Agency, the Agency has sought to identify documents at a level parallel to a published article from within the typically larger volumes in which they were submitted. The resulting "studies" generally have a distinct title (or at least a single subject), can stand alone for purposes of review, and can be described with a conventional bibliographic citation. The Agency has attempted also to unite basic documents and commentaries upon them, treating them as a single study. 3. Identification of Entries. The entries in this bibliography are sorted by author, date of the document, and title. Each entry bears, to the left of the citation proper, a nine-digit numeric identifier. This number is unique to the citations and should be used at any time specific reference is required. This number is called the "Master Record Identifier" or "MRID". It is not related to the six-digit "Accession Number", which has been used to identify volumes of submitted data; see paragraph 4(d)(4) below for a further explanation. In a few cases, entries added to the bibliography late in the review may be preceded by a nine-character temporary identifier. This is also to be used whenever a specific reference is needed. 4. Form of the Entry. In addition to the Master Record Identifier (MRID), each entry consists of a bibliographic citation containing standard elements followed, in the case of materials submitted to EPA, by a description of the earliest known submission. The bibliographic conventions used reflect the standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), expanded to provide for certain special needs. Same explanatory notes of specific elements follow: .a. Author. Whenever the Agency could confidently identify one, the Agency has chosen to show a personal author. When no individual was identified, the Agency has shown an identifiable laboratory or testing facility as author. As a last resort, the Agency has shown the first known submitter as author. 58 ------- b. Document Date. When the date appears as four digits with no question marks, the Agency took it directly from the document. When a four-digit date is followed by a question mark, the bibliographer deduced the date from evidence in the document. When the date appears as (19??), the Agency was unable to determine or estimate the date of the document. c. Title. This is the third element in the citation. In some cases it has been necessary for Agency bibliographers to create or enhance a document title. Any such editorial insertions are contained between square brackets. d. Trailing Parentheses. For studies submitted to us in the past, the trailing parentheses include (in addition to any self-explanatory text) the following elements describing the earliest known submissions: Submission pate. Immediately following the v*>rd 'received' appears the date of the earliest known submission, at the time' that particular document was processed into the Pesticide Document Management System. (2) Administrative Number. The next element, immediately following the word 'under', is the registration number, experimental permit number, petition number, or other administrative number associated with the earliest known submission, at the time that particular document was processed into the Pesticide Document Management System. (3) Submitter. Hre third element is the submitter, following the phrase 'submitted by'. When authorship is defaulted to the submitter, this element is emitted. (4) Volume Identification. The final element in the trailing parenthesis identifies the EPA accession number of the volume in which the original submission of the study appears. The six- digit accession number follows the symbol 'CDL', standing for "Company Data Library". Itiis accession number is in turn followed by an alphabetic suffix which shows the relative position of the study within the volume. For example, within accession number 123456, the first study would be 123456-A; the second, 123456-B; the 26th, 123456-Z? and the 27th,123456-AA. 59 ------- OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS REGISTRATION STANDARD NUMERICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting Registrations Under the Standard ------- MRID CITATION 00002857 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Enforcement Method for Vitavax®in Animal Tissue, Milk and Egqs. Method dated Sep 17, 1973. (Unpub- lished study received on unknown date under 3F1318; CDL:093547-D) 00002859 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Reasoning in Support of the Petition: received Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-O) 00002861 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavaxw 10G: Peanuts: Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL: 230405-N) 00002903 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residue Analysis of Peanut Hulls for Vitavax®. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 4F1499; CDL:093979-C) 00002905 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) The Effects of EPA Tolerance Pesticides upon the Recovery of Vitavax® Residues from Peanuts. (Un- published study received on unknown date under 4F1499; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:093979-F) 00002910 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance and Phytotoxicity Re- port. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499; CDL:094551-P) 00002935 Chin, W.T.; Dannals, L.E.; Kucharczyk, N. (1972) Environmental Fate Studies on Vitavax®: Status Report on PR 70-15. (Unpub- lished study received Mar 6, 1972 under 2F1191; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093515-A) 00002938 Sisken, H.R. (1970) Determination of Residual Vitavax® in Meal and Oil from Cotton and Peanut Seed. (Unpublished study received Jul 28, 1972 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091603-A) 00002941 Chin, W.T.; Kucharczyk, N.; Smith, A.E. (1972) Nature of Vitavax®-Derived Bound Residues in Plants. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:092254-F) 00002943 Kennedy, G. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of Uniroyal, Inc.: Distribution and Excretion Study with Vitavax^in Albino Rats: IBT No. E9289. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 092254-H) 00002944 Kennedy, G. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of Uni- royal, Inc.: Characterization of 14C in Excreta of Rats Follow- ing Oral Administration of Vitavax45:IBT No. E9290. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:092254-1) ------- MRID CITATION 00002945 Kennedy, G.; Jenkins, D.H. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Div- ision of Uniroyal, Inc.: Milk and Meat Residue Study in Dairy Cows Treated with 14C-Labeled Vitavax®: IBT No. J294. (Unpub- lished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:092254-J) 00002951 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished study including report, received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:092253-F) 00002961 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Residue Data: Vitavax1®. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 2F1191; prepared in coop ration with Morse Laboratories and Harris Laboratories; CDL.-091003-A) 00002978 Uniroyal Chemical (1966) Vitavaxw Assay Method. Method dated Jan 24, 1966. (Unpublished study received Auq 11, 1971 under 2F1191; CDL:093516-F) 00002995 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Control Test AC-1045-D: Assay of Vitavax (and Its Formulations). Undated method. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:224929-C) 00003001 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:224933-B) 00003030 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: Two-Year Dietary Administra- tion—Dogs: Project No. 798-103. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 091420-E) 00003031 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: 24-Month Dietary Administra- tion—Albino Rats: Project No. 798-102. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Labora- tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-F) 00003032 Holsing, G.C. (1968) Final Report: Itiree-Generation Reproduction Study—Rats: Project No. 798-104. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 091420-G) 00003034 Binns, R.; Berczy, Z.; Clark, G.C. (1969) Acute Inhalation Toxicity to the Rat of Vitavax® EXist: 2540/68/417. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Huntingdon Re- search Centre, [Eng.l for Uniroyal, Ltd., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical-;'Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-K) ------- MRID 00003035 00003044 00003045 00003054 00003058 00003063 00003065 00003066 00003080 00003081 CITATION Holsing, G.C. (1963) Final Report: Acute Eye Irritation—Rabbits: Project No. 798-151. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-L) Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Shiith, A.E. (1969) l4C-VitavaxtU Studies on Barley, Wheat and Cotton Plants. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-W) Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Disappearance Studies: Wheat and Barley; 1969 under 9G0819; CDL:091420-X) Uniroyal Chemical (1975) The Effects of EPA Iblerance Pesticides upon the Recovery of Vitavax® Residues from Sorghum: (1) Grain, (2) Fodder and Forage. (Unpublished study including sunnary, received Jun 9, 1975 under 5F1638; prepared in cooper- ation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:094948-G) Lane, J.R. (1966) Residue Analysis for D-735 and/or F-461. Method dated May 16, 1966. (Unpublished study received Jan 25, 1967 under 400-81; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:121531-A) Ozer, B.L. (1966) Report: Subacute (90-day) Feeding Studios with D-735 in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 14, 1966 under 400-EX-27; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc. for United States Rubber Co., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-F) Carson, S. (1965) Approximate Acute Oral LDcq in Rats: Vitavax®. (Unpublished study received Dec 14, 196b under 400-EX-27; pre- pared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., for Div. of United States Rubber Co., submitted Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-N) Naugatuck Chemical, by Uniroyal Chemical, Carson, S. (1965) Approximate Acute Dermal LD5Q in Rabbits: EX-27; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc. for Naugatuck Chemical, Div. of United States Rubber Co., sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-0) Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Un- published study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-D) Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-E) ------- MRID CITATION 00003082 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-F) 00003083 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-G) 00003084 Uniroyal Chemical (1976) Vitavax® Manufacturing Process. (Unpub- lished study including letter dated Sep 9, 1976 from T.E. Geise to John Pryzbylek, received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL: 225601-A) 00003087 Cardona, R.A.; Dannals, L.E.; Smilo, A.R. (1976?) Fate of Vita- vax^_(R)? in Soil: Project No. 7511. (Unpublished study received May 3, 1977 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:231932-B) 00003088 Stnilo, A.R.; Iacadie, J.A.; Cardona, R. (1977) Photochemical Fate of Vitavax® in Solution. (Unpublished study received May 3, 1977 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:231932-C) .00003094 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance Report: UNI-1088 and 1090. (Unpublished study received Jun 26, 1973 under 400-108; CDL:008327-F) 00003114 Dannals, L.E.; Campbell, C.R.; Cardona, R.A. (1976) Environmental Fate Studies on Vitavax®: Status Report II on PR 70-15. Includes three undated methods. (Unpublished study received Mar 17, 1976 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Beth- any, Conn.; CDL:223866-A) 00003116 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.; submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-B) 00003118 Brusick, D.J. (1977) Mutagenicity Evaluation of D735: Final Itaport: LBI Project No. 2683. (Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Litton Bionctics, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-D) 00003119 Babish, J.G. (1977) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-E) ------- MRID CITATION 00003120 Knickerbocker, M. (1977) Teratologic Evaluation of Vitavax^ Technical in Sprague Dawley Rats. (Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-F) 0003125 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-H) 00003129 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM. (Unpublished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:003284-P) 00003139 Fink, R. (1974) Final Report: Eight-Day Dietary LC50~Mallard Ducks: Project No. 117-102. (Unpublished study including offi- cial analytical report, received Mar 11, 1974 under 400-106; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:128723-A) 00003149 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Field Evaluation Report. (Unpublished study received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL:225604-W) 00003152 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: 24-Month Dietary Administra- tion—Albino Rats: Project No. 798-102. (Unpublished study re- ceived Oct 21, 1971 under 400-90; prepared by Hazleton Labora- tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:050926-A) 00003158 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax Flowable Fungicide: Summary of Residues in Wheat and Barley. (Unpublished study received Doc 5, 1973 under 400-107; CDL.-023365-S) 00003161 Babish, J.G. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-C) 00003162 Babish, J.G. (1976) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared by Food and Drug Research laboratories, Inc., sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-D) 00003172 Puchalsky, C.B. (1968) Infrared Method for the Assay of D-735, and Its Content in Formulations. Method dated Jul 15, 1968. (Un- published study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093520-H) 00003185 Uniroyal Chemical (1967) Residue Analysis of Cotton Seedlings from Vitavax®-Treated Cotton Seeds. (Unpublished study received Nov 29, 1967 under 400-EX-28; CDL:123430-A) ------- MRID CITATION 00003216 Holsinq, G.C. (1968) Final Report: Repeated Dermal Application— Rabbits: Project No. 798-148. (Unpublished study received Jan 13, 1969 under 400-EX-33; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: • 123439-M) 00003218 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Wheat: Vitavax® 25DB: Grain & Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:235653-B) 00003219 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Wheat: Vitavax® 25DB: Forage. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL: 235653-C) 00003220 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Oats: Vitavax^ 25DB: Grain & Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400- 115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:235653-D) 00003221 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Residues in PPM: Barley: Vitavax^ 25DB: Grain & Straw. (Unpiblished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:235653-E) 00003224 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Response to EPA Letter Dated 6 October, 1977: Environmental Fate of Vitavax411 Funqicide. Sunroary of studies 236662-F through 236662-J. Includes method no. 2344 dated Aug 22, 1978. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:236662-A) 00003225 Dzialo, D.G.; Lacadie, J.A. (1978) Aerobic Soil Study of 14C- Vitavax® in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7746-1. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-F) Dzialo, D.G.; Lacadie, J.A.; Cardona, R.A. (1978) Anaerobic Soil Metabolism of HC-Vitavax^ in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7751. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-G) 00003229 Lacadie, J.A.; Dzialo, D.G.; Dannals, L.E. (1978) Vitavax^ 14C Aged Laboratory Column Leaching in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7832. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-J) 00003231 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^-Flowable Fungicide: Vitavaxil,-3F Fungicide: Basic Manufacturing Process. (Unpublished study received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; CDL:098014-B) 00003226 ------- MRID CITATION 00003236 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavaxw-3F: Peanuts. (Unpublished study received May 30, 1978 under 400-EX-55; CDL:234122-B) 00003296 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax®: Chemical and Physical Properties of Vitavax® Technical. (Unpublished study received Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-J) 00003300 Collier, Y.J.; Wcmer, J.M.; Stone, G.M.; Kucharczyk, N. (1974) Data of VitavaxM-14C Derived Residues in Peanut Hulls, Seed, Oil and Meal. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 4F1499; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093979-E) 00003301 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study: Vitavax® 75W. (Unpublished study received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; prepared by Food and Druq Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Cbnn.; CDL:225606-D) 00003311 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Primary Skin Irritation—Rabbits: Vita- vaxw: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Cortn.; CDL:091003-G) 00003314 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute Dermal Application—Rabbits: Vita- vax®: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-J) 00003317 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute LD^q—Rats (Oral): Vitavax®: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 0, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chem- ical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-M) 00003335 Sisken, H.R.; Newell, J.E. (1971) Determination of residues of Vitavax^and its sulfoxide in seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 19(4):738—741. (Also Lq unpublished submission received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-P) 00003356 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Residues of Vitavax^—EVS Concen- trate in Corn. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1975 under 400-124; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:235928-C) 00005540 Spare, W. (1979) Report: Vitavax® Microbial Metabolism in Soil and Its Effect on Microbes. Includes undated method. (Unpublished study received Mar 28, 1979 under 400-81; prepared by Bio- spherics, Inc. in cooperation with United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 098029-A) ------- MRID CITATION 00005544 Kuc, W.JDaebbler, G.F. (1979) Uniroyal Chemical 14C-Vitavax(ij) Bluegill Sunfish Bioconcentration Study: UCES Project No. 11506- 82. Includes undated method. (Unpublished study including metabolite study, received Mar 28, 1979 under 400-81; prepared by Union Carbide Corp., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:098029-F) 00005545 Kuc, W.J.; Dacbbler, G.F. (1979) Uniroyal Chemical 14C-Vitavaxfc> Bioconcentration Study: Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque): Project No. 11506-82. Includes undated method. (Unpublished study including metabolite study, received Mar 28, 1979 under 400-81; prepared by Union Carbide Corp., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:098029-G) 00005548 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax(y-25DB: Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1978 under 400-115; prepared in coopera- tion with the University of Idaho, Experiment Station, CDL:238076-D) 00005852 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM: Com: UNI-1088. (Unpub- lished study received Mar 28, 1977 under 400-107; prepared in cooperation with New York State Univ.—Oswego, Lake Oitario Environmental Laboratory and Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL: 238083-A) 1 00005856 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-B) 00005857 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: Eye Irritation Test in Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared by Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-C) 00005858 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rab- bits. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared by Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-D) 00005859 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavaxto Fungicide: Technical Data Sheet. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; CDL.-237329-A) 00025466 Sisken, H.R.; Lane, J.R. (1970) Storage Stability Studies of Vita- vaxw Residue in Grain. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0FO939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-E) 00025468 Lane, J.R.; Sisken, H.R. (1970) Specificity of the VitavaxM Method for Seeds. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 un- der 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 091604-G) ------- MRID CITATION 00025483 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1974) Summary of Corn and Rice Residue Data. (Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc. and State Univ. College of New York—Oswego, Lake Ontario Environmental Laboratory; CDL:094043-H) 05001172 Verma, R.K.; Vyas, S.C. (1976) Uptake, translocation and persistence of five systemic fungicides in gram seedlings. Pesticides 10(12):21-24. 05001302 Thapliyal, P.N.; Sinclair, J.B. (1970) Uptake of three systemic fungicides by germinating soybean seed. Phytopathology 60(9):1373-1375. 05001;)4 Thapliyal, P.N.; Sinclair, J.B. (1971) Translocation of benomyl, carboxin, and chloroneb in soybean seedlings. Phytopathology 61(10):1301-1302. 05002176 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1970) Degradation of carboxin (Vitavax1®) in water and soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18(4):731-732. 05002.177 Chin, W.T.j Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1970) Metabolism of carboxin (Vitnvnxw) by barley and wheat plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18(4):709-712. 05002737 Lane, J.R. (1970) Colorimetric microdetormination of Vitavax^ (5,6 dihydro-2-methyl-l, 4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide) residues in crops. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18(3):409-412. 05002793 Bolkan, H.A.; Milne, K.S. (1975) Systemic uptake of four fungicides by potato plants. Plant Disease Reporter 59(3):214-218. 05002823 Buchenauer, H. (1975) Differences in light stability of some carboxylic acid anilide fungicides in relation to their applicability for seed and foliar treatment. Pesticide Science 6(5):525-535. 05002886 Briggs, D.E.; Waring, R.H.; Hackett, A.M. (1974) The metabolism of carboxin in growing barley. Pesticide Science 5(5):599-607. 05003218 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1976) Persistence of some phenylamide pesticides in the aquatic environment—III. Biological degradation. Water Research 10(12):1055-1059. 05003663 Snel, M.? Edgington, L.V. (1970) Uptake, translocation and decomposition of systemic oxathiin fungicides in bean. Phytopathology 60(12)s1708-1716. 05003664 Kirk, B.T.; Sinclair, J.B.; Lambremont, E.N. (1969) Translocation of 14C-labeled chloroneb and EMOC in cotton seedlings. Phytopathology (59):1473-1476. ------- MRID CITATION 05003673 Berggren, G.T.; Pinckard, J.A. (1973) Movement of the systemic fungicide carboxin into cotton seedlings assisted by the systemic insecticide monocrotophos. Plant Disease Reporter 57(8):642-645. 05003675 Clark, R.V. (1971) Influence of Vitavax® seed treatment and loose smut infection on yields of barley and wheat. Canadian Plant Disease Survey 51(3):131-133. 05003778 Handa, S.K. (1978) Spectrophotometry determination of carboxin in formulations after extraction and thin layer chromatographic separation. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 61(4):971-972. 05003852 Lyr, H.; Ritter, G.; Banasiak, L. (1974) Detoxication of carboxin. Zeitschrift fuer Allgemeine Mikrobiologie 14(4):313-320. 05003915 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1976) Persistence of some phenylamide pesticides in the aquatic environment—I. Hydrolysis—II. Adsorption on clay minerals—III. Biological degradation. Water Research 10(12)s1047-1053,1055-1059. 05003947 Curley, R.L.; Burton, J.C. (1975) Compatibility of Rhizobium japonicum with chemical seed protectants. Agronomy Journal 67(6):807-808. 05004129 Michail, S.H.; Elarosi, H.; Abd-El-Rehim, M.A.; Shohda, W.T. (1975) Persistence of certain systemic and non-systemic fungicides in the soil, with special reference to the method of application. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 14(2/3):138-139. 05004996 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E.; Schmeling, B. von (1970) Fate of carboxin in soil, plants and animals. Pages 322-327, In Proceedings of the Fifth British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference; Nov 17-20, 1969, Brighton, England. Vol. 2. Brighton, Rrgland: British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference. 05005076 Day, E.W., Jr.; Roons, J.R.; Bailee, D.L.; Duane, W.C.; Stallard, D.E.; Wolfe, A.L.; Lynch, V.P.; Edwards, M.J.; Wbod, J.S., Jr.; Nishi, K.; Konishi, K.; Stone, G.M. (1976) Fungicides. Pages 251-261,263-283,285-297,299-331, Irv Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators. Vol. 8: Government Regulations, Pheromone Analysis, Additional Pesticides. New York: Academic Press. 05006363 Leroux, P.; Gredt, M. (1972) Devenir de la carboxine utilisee en enrobage de semences de ble: absorption, transport et degradation. [The fate of carboxin used as a dressing for wheat seed: absorption, translocation and degradation.] Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacic 21(1):45-60. ------- MRID CITATION 05013368 Balintne Ambro, I. (1974) Tracerindikacios vizsgalatok a f6—14C] Vitavax fungicid metabolizmusanak tanulmanyozasara. [Uptake, translocation and decomposition of the fungicide Vitavax-[6-14C].| Magyar Komikusok Lapja. [Journal of the Hungarian Chemists.] XXIX(8):393-401. GS001201 Stone, G.M. (1969) Stability of Vitavax® in Stored Plants. (Unpub- lished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:09604-A) GS001202 Babish, J.G. (1976) Eye Irritation in rabbits- Vitavax43-17. (Unpub- lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-A) GS001203 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Dermal LD™ in rabbits - Vitavax4i-17. (Unpublished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc. submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-B) GS001204 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation LDcq in rats- Vitavax^-17. (Unpublished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc. submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-C) GS001205 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral in rats- Vitavax(t"-17. (Unpublished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc. submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-D) GS001206 Babish, J.G. (1977) Skin Irritation in rabbits - Vitavaxw-17. (Unpublished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc. submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-E) ------- OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS REGISTRATION STANDARD ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Listing of All Documents Reviewed by the Agency ------- 05003381 MRID CITATION 05006895 Agnihotri, V.P. (1971) Effects of certain funqitoxicants on the viability and pathogenicity of sclorotia of Waitea circinata . Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 70(l):71-80. 05004349 AJ.lam, A.I.; Schilling, P.E.; Sinclair, J.B. (1969) Uptake of Vitavax (DCMO) by qerminating cottonseed. Phytopathology 59(2):265-266. 05004123 Allam, A.I.; Sinclair, J.B. (1968) Uptake and movement of Vitavax^ by germinating cottonseed. Phytopathology 58(8):1041. 05002174 Allam, A.I.; Sinclair, J.B. (1969) Degradation of DMOC (Vitavax) in cotton seedlings. Phytopathology 59(10):1548-1549. 00003322 Allam, A.I.y Sinclair, J.B. (1969) Degradation of DMOC (Vitavax) in cotton seedlings. Phytopathology 59(10):1548-1549; Taken from Pestdoc 2(34):86741J. (Abstract no. 886/093; also In unpub- lished submission received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093245~B) Andreeva, E.I.; Usmanov, M.T.; Kurganova, L.V. (1972) Metodika ispytaniya preparatov protiv komevoi gnili. [A method of testing preparations against root rot.j Khlopkovodstvo. [Cotton Growing.] (11):19-21. 00025473 Amy, D.C.; Blackmon, C.W.; Hansing, E.D.; et al. (1969) [Efficacy Data for Vitavax en Cereal and Forage Crops}. (Unpublished % study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; prepared by Univ. of Wisconsin and others, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-L) 00003162 Babish, J.G. (1976) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-D) 00003161 Babish, J.G. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-C) 00003014 Babish, J.G. (1976) Vitavax^OO Flowable Fungicide: 076008: Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:235042-F) 00003013 Babish, J.G. (1976) Vitavax^OO Flowable Fungicide: 076008: Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 235042-E) ------- MRID CITATION GS001202 Babish, J.G. (1976) Eye irritation in rabbits-Vitavax®17. (Unpub- lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113? prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-A) 00003080 Bafcish, J.G. (1977) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Un- published study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-D) 00021621 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Un- published study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226-E) GS001203 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute dermal LD5Q,rabbits-Vitavax®17. (Unpub- lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-B) 00003083 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-G) 00003116 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.; submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- * cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-B) 00021622 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Com.; CDL:238226-F) 00029650 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation Study in Rats: Laboratory No. 5483. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400- 136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226-F) GS001204 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Inhalation in rats-Vitavax®17. (Unpub- lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-C) 00003082 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-F) 00003081 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:232545-E) ------- MRID CITATION GS001205 Babish, J.G. (1977) Acute Oral LD in rats-Vitavax®17. (Unpub- lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-D) 00021620 Babish, J.G. (1977) Approximate Acute Oral Toxicity (LDPSO^) in Rats. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226-D) 00003119 Babish, J.G. (1977) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-E) 00021619 Babish, J.G. (1977) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226-C) 00005866 Babish, J.G. (1977) Report: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; pre- pared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-1) 00005549 Babish, J.G. (1977) Report: Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats. (Unpub- lished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-H) 00005864 Babish, J.G. (1977) Report: Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rab- bits. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-F) GS001206 Babish, J.G. (1977) Skin irritation in rabbits-Vitavax®17. (Unpub- lished study received June 20, 1978 under 400-113; prepared by Food and Drug Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:234185-E) 00003015 Babish, J.G. (1977) Vitavax®200 Flowable Fungicide: G 037132 JS; BL 8538: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:235042-G) 00003011 Babish, J.G. (1977) Vitavax®200 Flowable Fungicide: BL #8229: Acute Inhalation Study in Rats. (Unpublished study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laborato- ries, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 235042-0 ------- MRID CITATION 05020737 Bachofer. R. (1976) Mikrobieller Abbau von Saeureanilid-Fungiziden. [Microbial breakdown of acid enilide fungicides.) Zentrablatt fuer Bakteriologic, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1 Originale. Roiho B 162(1/2):153 156. 05005110 Bachofer, R.; Oltmanns, O.; Lingens, F (1973) Isolation and characterization of a Nocardia -like soil-bacterium, growing on carboxanilide fungicides. Archiv fuer Mikrobiologie 90(2):141-149. 05003943 Backman, P.A. (1977) Comparative fungicide sensitivity within the cowpea inoculation group of Rhizobium . Pages 221, In Proceedings of the American Phytopathological Society. Vol. 4. St Paul, Minn. Merican Phytopathological Society. 00003163 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, inc., submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL-.229370-E) 00021618 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.. submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal , Bethany, Conn.; CDL•238226-B) 00003302 Bailey. D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study: Vitavax^HB-lOfl. (Unpublished study received Sep 28- 1976 under 400-118; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:230403-B) 00003301 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Stu3y: Vitavax>75WP. (Unpublished study received Sep 13 1976 under 400-129; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Betxhany, Conn.; CDL .• 225606-D) 00030103 Bailey- D.E. (1976) Rabbit Eye Irritation Study: Laboratory No. 5136e. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400- 136; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc. sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:238226~B) 00005865 Bailey, D.E. (1976) Report. Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Unpub- lished study received Feb 6. 1979 under 400-EX-58; prepared by Food aniJ Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-G) 00003005 3ailey, D.E. :.(1976) 10G Vitavax"J: Rabbit Eye Irritation Study. (Un- published study received Sep 28- 1976 under 400 130; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:230409 -D) ------- MRID CITATION 05U20699 Bailey R.A. (1979) Possibilities for the control of sugarcane smut ( Ustilago scitaminea ) with fungicides. Pages 137-142, In Proceedings of the Annual Congress of the South African Sugar Technologists Association. \fol. 53. Mount Edgecombe, Natal, South Africa: South African Sugar Ibchnologi s ts' Assoc ia tion. 05002489 Baker, P.B.; Farrow, J.E.; Itoodless, R.A. (1973) Agricultural fungicides- I. Identification of systemic fungicides using thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 81(1):174~177. 05002749 Baker, P.B.; Hoodless, R.A. (1974) Analytical methods for the detection and determination of residues of systemic fungicides. Pesticide Science 5(4);465-472. 05006289 Balasubramanya, R.H.; Patil, R.B. (1976) Degradation of carboxin and oxycarboxin by a species of Pseudomonas isolated from soil. Madras Agricultural Journal 63(8/10)-505-508. 05013368 Balintne Ambro, I. (1974) Tracerindikacios vizsgalatok a [6-14C] Vitavax fungicid metabolizmusanak tanulmanyozasara. [Uptake, translocation and decomposition of the fungicide Vitavax--[6-14C] .J Magyar Kemikusok Lapja [Journal of the Hungarian Chemists.1 XXIX(8):393-401. 00003337 Bell, D.K. (1967) Peanut Seed Treatment Tssts 1967. (Unpublished study received Feb 23, 1968 under 400-EX-33; prepared by Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Dept. of Plant Pathology, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123438-C) Bhaktavatsalam, G.; Tripathi, R.K. (1975) Uptake, translocation and degradation of carboxin and oxycarboxin in pearl millet seeds. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 5(1):110-111. 00003034 Binns, R.; Berczy, Z.; Clark, G.C. (1969) Acute Inhalation Toxicity to the Rat of Vitavax^ Lust: 2540/68/417. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Huntingdon Re- search Centre, [Eng.J for Uniroyal, Ltd., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-K) 05009413 Bland, C.E.; Ruch, D.G.; Salser, B.R.; Lightner, D,V. (1976) Chemical Control of Laqenidium , a Fungal Pathogen of Marine Crustacea. Raleigh, N.C.: university of North Carolina Sea Grant Program. (Sea Grant publication no. UNC-SG-76-02; available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; P&-257 346) 05002793 Bolkan, H.A.; Milne, K.S. (1975) Systemic uptake of four fungicides by potatoe plants. Plant Disease Reporter 59(3):214-218. 05012098 Born, G.L. (1974) Root infection of woody hosts with Verticillium albo-atrum. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 31(6):209-248. 05003600 ------- MRID CITATION Briggs, D.E.; Waring, R.H.; Hackett, A.M. (1974) Tho metabolism of carboxin in growing barley. Pesticide Science 5(5):599-607. Brusick, D.J. (1977) Mutagenicity Evaluation of D735: Final Report: LBI Project No. 2683. (Unpublished study received Jan 24. 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Litton Bionetics, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-D) Buchenaucr, H. (1975) Differences in light stability of same carboxylic acid anilide fungicides in relation to their applicability for seed and foliar treatment. Pesticide Science 6(5):525-535. Buchman, 0.; Pri-Bar, I.; Shimoni, M.; Smoskowitz, L. (1974) Application d'une methode non specifique de tritiation de molecules organiques. [Application of a nonspecific method of tritiation of organic molecules.] Journal of Labelled Compounds (Brussels) X(2):345-354. 00003087 Cardona, R.A.; Dannals, L.E.; Smilo, A.R. (1976?) Fate of Vita- vax^ in Soil: Project No. 7511. (Unpublished study received May 3, 1977 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:231932-B) 00003066 Carson, S. (1965) Approximate Acute Dermal LD,-n in Rabbits: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Dec 14 1966 under 400- EX-27; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc. for Naugatuck Chemical, Div. of United States Rubber Co., sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Oonn.; CDL.123429-0) 00003065 Carson, S. (1965) Approximate Acute Oral LD™ in Rats: [Vitavax). (Unpublished study received Dec 14, 1966 under 400-EX-27; pre- pared by Pood and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., for Naugatuck Chemical, Div. of United States Rubber Co., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-N) 05002886 00003118 05002823 05012613 00002879 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Product Chemistry Data for Difola- tan VitavaxJl-2 Flowable Seed Protectant, (Unpublished study received Apr 20, 1976 under 239-2448; CDL:224901~A) 00003321 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Product Chemistry Data for Difola- tan Vitavax^-2 Flowable Seed Protectant. (Unpublished study including letter dated Aug 15, 1977 fran J. Abell to L.R. Stelzer, received Jul 6, 1977 under 239-2459; CDL:230830-A) 00002893 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Product Chemistry Data for Ortho- cide Vitavax®l-2 Seed Protectant. (Unpublished study received Apr 23, 1976 under 239-2451; CDL:224838-A) 00003024 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Product Chemistry Data for Ortho- cidc Vitavax^20 -20 Seed Protectant. (Unpublished study received May 11. 1977 under,239-2458; CDL:230221-A) ------- MRID CITATION 00003026 Chevron Chemical Company (19?V) Summary: Itoxicology Data for Qrttio- cide-Vitavaxlj'20-20 Seed Protectant. Summary of studies 230224-B through 230224-G. (Unpublished study received May 11, 1977 under 239-2458; CDL:230224-A) 00002877 Chevron Chemical Company (19??) Summary: 07- Toxicology Data for Ortho Difolatan-VitavaxJ2-2 Flowable Seed Protectant. Summary of studies 230327-B through 230327-G. (Unpublisned study re- ceived Jul 6, 1977 under 239-2459; CDL:230827-A) 00002884 Chevron Chemical Company (1975) Summary of Tbxicology Data for Difolatan VitavaxJl-2 Flowable Seed Protectant. Summary of studies 230799-B through 230799-F. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2448; CDL:230799-A) 00003298 Chevron Chemical Company (1975) Summary of Ibxicology Data for Orthocide Vi tavax*>25-50 Seed Protectant. Summary of studios 224836-B through 224836-F. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2451; CDL:224836-A) 00002897 Chevron Chemical Company (1976) AM-1-1024: Captan-Vi tavax %y GDC. Method AM-1-1024 dated May 20, 1976. (Unpublished study re- ceived cxi unknown date under 239-2451; CDL:'224838-E) 00002894 Chevron Chemical Company 11976) Shelf-Life Ttest: Orthpcide Vi tavax® 25-50 S.P. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 239-2451; CDL:224838-B) 00003022 Chevron Chemical Company (1977) Residue Chemistry Data to Support the Label Registration of Difolatan-Vitavax ^2-2 Flowable Seed Protectant. Includes method RM-6E-1 dated Aug 18, 1977 enti- tled: Determination of captafol residues by gas chromatography. (Unpublished study received Jul 6f 1977 under 239-2459; CDL; 230829-A) 00003025 Chevron Chemical Company (1977) Residue Chemistry Data to Support the Label Registration of Orthocide-Vitavaxc£)20-20 Seed Protect- ant. Includes method RM-IF-1 dated Jun 25, 1976 entitled: •Determination of Captan residues in crops. (Unpublished study received May 11, 1977 under 239-2458; CDL:230222-A) 00002935 Chin, W.T.; Dannals, L.E.; Kucharczyk, N. (1972) Environmental Fate Studies cxi Vitavax"": Status Report on PR 70-15. (Unpub- lished study received Mar 6, 1972 under 2F1191; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093515-A) 00002929 Chin, W.T.; Dannals, L.E.; Stone, G.M.; Kucharczyk, N. (1972) 14C Residues in Cottonseed Grown from Seed Treated with VitavaxJ 200 and Vitavax^300 Seed Protectant Containing Vitavax^l4C (Phenyl or Hetero Tag): Project No. 7121. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under OF0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL;094582-C) ------- MRID CITATION 00002941 Chin, W.T.; Kucharczyk, N.; Smith, A.E. (1972) Nature of Vitavax^-Derived Bound Residues in Plants. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:092254-F) 05002795 Chin, W.T.; Kucharczyk, N.; Smith, A.E. (1973) Nature of carboxin (Vitavax^)-derived bound residues in barley plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 21(3):506-507. 00003042 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1969) Fate of D735 in Dogs. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-U) 00003041 Chin, W.T.j Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1969) Fate of D735 in Soil. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-T) 00003040 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1969) Fate of D735 in Water. Includes undated method. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-S) 00003043 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Snith, A.E. (1969) Fate of D735 in Wheat and Barley Plants. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-V) 00003044 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1969) 14C-Vitavax Studies on Barley, Wheat and Cotton Plants. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-W) 05002176 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1970) Degradation of carboxin (Vitavaxw) in water and soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18(4):731-732. 05002177 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E. (1970) Metabolism of carboxin (Vitavax^) by barley and wheat plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18(4):709-712. 05011382 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; EJnith, A.E. (1971) The fate of carboxin in soil, plants and animals. Pages 271-279, In Pesticide Terminal Residues, Invited Papers from the International Symposium; Feb 17-19, Tel Aviv, Israel. Edited by A.S. Tfchori. London, England: Butterworth. 00025478 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smith, A.E.; ot al. (1969) Fate of Car- boxin in soil, plants and animals. Proceedings of the 5th Br. Insectic. Fungic. Conference ?:?-?. (Also In unpublished submission received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:091604-Q) ------- MRID CITATION 05004996 Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.M.; Smi^h, A.E.; Schmeling, B. von (1970) Fate of carboxin in soil, plants and animals. Pages 322-327, In Proceedings of the Fifth British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference; Nov 17-20, 1969, Brighton, England. \fol. 2. Brighton, England: British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference. 05010705 Chopra, S.L.; Chopra, B. (1972) Effect of Vitavax(J (5,6-dihydro-3-carboxani1idro- 2-me thyl-1,4 oxathiin (systemic fungicide)) on some metabolic activities in wheat. Indian Journal of Agricultural Chemistry 5(2):69-76. 05010593 Chopra, S.L.; Sethi, R.K.; Sikka, V.K. (1974) Chemical composition of chick peas ( Cicer arietinum) as affected by Vitavax (5,6-dihydro-3 carboxanilido-2 methyl-l,4-oxathiin). Indian Journal of Agricultural Chemistry 7(1):7-13. 05002888 Coles, C.J.; Singer, T.P.; White, G.A.j Thorn, G.D. (1978) Studies on the binding of carboxin analogs to succinate dehydrogenase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 253(16):5573-5578. 05003675 Clark, R.V. (1971) Influence of Vitavax seed treatment and loose smut infection on yields of barley and wheat. Canadian Plant Disease Survey 51(3):131-133. 00003300 Collier, Y.J.; Wbmer, J.M.; Stone, G.M.; Kucharczyk, N. ,(1974) Data of Vitavax'*4- 14C Derived Residues' in Peanut Hulls, Seed, Oil and Meal. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 4F1499? submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093979-E) 05002759 COrbeil, M.A.; Curcumelli-Rodostanto, M.; Fanning, R.J.; Graham, B.A.; Kulka, M.; Pierce, J.B. (1973) Ring opening of dihydro-l,4-oxathiins. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 51(16):2650-2658. 05003946 Cors, F.; Kummert, J.; Semal, J. (1971) Some effects of systemic fungicides on virus multiplication in plants. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent. [Cotrmunications o: the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, State University of Ghent.] 36(3):1066-1070. 05005447 Couch, R.C.; Dorough, H.W. (1977) Comparative metabolism of selected fungicides. Pages 127-157, In Fate of Pesticides in Large Animals. Edited by G.W. Ivie anc! H. Dorough. Now York: Academic Press. 05003947 Curley, R.L.; Burton, J.C. (1975) Compatibility of Rhizobium iaponicum with chemical seed protectants, /^ronomy Journal 67(6):807-808. ------- MRID CITATION 00003114 Dannals, L.E.; Campbell, C.R.; Cardona, R.A. (1976) Environmental Fate Studies on Vitavax^: Status Report II on PR 70-15. Includes three undated methods. (Unpublished study received Mar 17, 1976 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Beth- any, Conn.; CDL:223866-A) 05004277 Davis, R.A.; Grahame, R.E.; Kulka, M., inventors; Uniroyal, assignee (1972) Control of virus diseases of plants with carbaxamido oxathiins. U.S. patent 3,657,449. Apr 18. 4 p. int. Q. A Oln 9/12; U.S. a. 424-276. 05002885 Day, D.A.; Arron, G.P.; Laties, G.G. (1978) The effect of carboxins on higher plant mitochondria. FEBS Letters 85(1):99-102. 05005076 Day, E.W., Jr.; Kooru*, J.R.; Bailee, D.L.; IXiane, W.C.; Stallard, D.E.; Wolfe, A.L.; Lynch, V.P.; Edwards, M.J.; Wbod, J.S., Jr.; Nishi, K.; Konishi, K.; Stone, G.M. (1976) Fungicides. Pages 251-261,263-283,285-297,299-331, In Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators. Vbl. 8: Government Regulations, Pheromone Analysis, Additional Pesticides. New York: Academic Press. 05005466 Dietz, H.J.; Lehmann, H.; Knoll, F.; Grunzel, H., inventors; Veb Fahlberg-List Magdeburg Chemische und Pharmazeutische Fabriken, assignee (1975) Seed disinfecting means. British patent specification 1395449. May 29. 4 p. Int. a. 2? A 01N 9/02 21/00 9/12 9/20 9/30. 00003225 Dzialo, D.G.; Lacadie, J.A. (1978) Aerobic Soil Study of 14C- Vitavax® in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7746-1. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted by tfriiroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-F) 00003226 Dzialo, D.G.; Lacadie, J.A.; Cardona, R.A. (1978) Anaerobic Soil Metabolism of 14C-Vitavax® in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7751. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-G) 05012997 Eade, R.P. (1972) Effect of carboxin on loose smut of wheat. Pages 155-159, In Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. Vbl. 25. Hamilton, New Zealand: New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. 00003060 Edgington, L.V. (19??) Bioassay of 735. Undated method. (Unpub- lished study received Dec 14, 1966 under 400-EX-27; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-C) 05002835 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A, (1972) Coloriraetric determination of pheylamide pesticides in natural waters. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 55(6):1276-1279. ------- MRID CITATION 05006154 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1976) Persistence of same phenylamide pesticides in the aquatic environment—I. Hydrolysis. Water Research 10(12):1047-1050. 05003915 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1976) Persistence of sane phenylamide pesticides in the aquatic environment—I. Hydrolysis--II. Adsorption on clay minerals—III. Biological degradation. Water Research 10(12):1047»1053,1055-1059. 05003218 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1976) Persistence of seme phenylamide pesticides in the aquatic environment—III. Biological degradation. Water Research 10(12):1055-1059. 05002882 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1977) Removal of phenylamide pesticides from drinking waters—I. Effect of chemical coagulation and oxidants. Water Research 11(8):611-616. 05002884 El-Dib, M.A.; Aly, O.A. (1977) Removal of phenylamide pesticides from drinking waters—II. Adsorption on powdered carbon. Water Research 11(8):617-620. 05007883 Engelhardt, G.; Wallnoefer, P. (1976) Hydrolyse von methoxysubstituierten Phenylharnstoffen, Acylaniliden und Phenylcarbamaten durch eine mikrobielle Aryl Acylamidase__ [Hydrolysis of methoxysubstituted phenylureas, acylanilides and phenylcarbamates by a microbial aryl acylamidase.] Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie,•Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reihe' B 162(2):138-144. 05002883 Engelhardt, G.; Wallnoefer, P.R.; Plapp, R. (1971) Degradation of linuron arid some other herbicides and fungicides by a linuron-inducible enzyme obtained from Bacillus sphaericus. Applied Microbiology 22(3):284-288. 05002833 Farrow, J.E.; Hoodless, R.A,; Hopkinson, A. (1975) Fungicide residues. Part IV. Determination of residues of carboxin in grain by gas chromatography. Analyst 100(1189):249-252. 00003139 Fink, R. (1974) Final Report: Eight-Day Dietary Mallard Ducks: Project No. 117-102. (Unpublished study including offi- cial analytical report, received Mar 11, 1974 under 400-106; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Cbnn.; CDL:128723-A) 05002757 Fisher, D.J. (1976) Effects of same fungicides on Rhizobium trifolii and its symbiotic relationship with white clover. Pesticide Science 7(1):10~18. 00025477 Frederiksen, R.A.; Reyes, L. (1969) Seed Treatments, Seedling Stands and Seedling Disease. (Uhpublished study received Jan 12-, 1970 under 0F0939; prepared by Tfexas A & M tiiiv., Agricul- tural Research Station, Dept. of Plant Sciences, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-P) ------- MRID CITATION 05002830 Garg, F.C. (1977) Effect of systemic fungicides on the growth Azotobacter spp. Pesticides 11(4):41. 05006926 Garg, F.C.; Tauro, P.; Graver, R.K. (1973) Effect of fungitoxicants on Rhizobia. Indian Journal of Microbiology 13(3):179-181. 00002994 Geise, T.E. (19??) Vitavax®HB-25 Production Procedure. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:24929-B) 05006912 Gross, Y.; Kenneth, R. (1973) The fate of seme systemic fungicides in plants when taken up by way of soil. Phytoparasitica 1(1):60. 00025469 Hansing, E.D. (1969) (Efficacy Data for Vitavax^n Wheat] . Prelim. rept. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; prepared by Kansas State Univ., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-H) 00025474 Hansing, E.D. (1969) [Efficacy Data for Vitavax^on SorghumJ. (Un- published study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; prepared by Kansas State Univ., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-M) 05005474 Hardison, J.R. (1971) Relationships of molecular structure of 1,4-oxathiin fungicides to chemotherapeutic activity against rust and smut fungi in grasses. Phytopathology 61(6):731-735. 05003951 Harri, J.A.; Larson, P.O.; Powell, C.C., Jr. (1975) Bacterial leaf spot and blight of Rieger begonia cv Aphrodite Rose. Pages 4-6, In Olio Florists' Association, Bulletin no. 552. 00003310 Hathaway, D. (1970) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of Uniroyal, Inc.: Acute Dust Inhalation Tbxicity Study on VitaVax Seed Protectant with Captan: IBT No. N8586. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Industrial Bio- Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-E) 00004244 Hathaway, D. (1970) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of Uniroyal,.Inc.: Asute Dust Inhalation Toxicity Study on Vitavax Seed Protectant with Hiiram: IBT No. N8586. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by industrial Bio-' Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-F) 05003603 Haware, M.P. (1973) Effect of systemic fungicides on Fusarium lini in vitro and their up take by linseed seedlings. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 2(2):136-138. ------- MRID CITATION 05005919 Hennings, P.; Goehmann, P.; Otterpohl, G. (1976) Zur Reaktion von 1,4-Qxathienen mit Jodwasserstoffsaeure und ihro Anwendung zur Bestimmung des Fungizids Carboxin. [Reaction of 1,4-oxathienes with hydroiodic acid and its application to the determination of the fungicide carboxin.] Zeitschrift fuer Chemie 16(11):448-449. 05004445 Hey, G.L., inventor; Murphy Chemical Limited, assignee (1973) Improvements in fungicides. British patent specification 1,337,454. Nov 14. 4 p. Int. CI. A 01N 9/02,9/12,9/20,21/00. 05003787 Hill, K.R. (1975) IUPAC Commission on Terminal Residues. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 58(6):1256-1285. 00003035 Holsing, G.C. (1968) Final Report: Acute Eye Irritation—Rabbits: Project No. 798-151. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-L) 00021625 Holsing, G.C. (1968) Final Report; Acute Eye Irritation—Rabbits: Project No. 798-151. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:003258-G) 00003216 Holsing, G.C. (1968) Final Report: Repeated Dermal Application— Rabbits: Project No. 798-148. (Unpublished study received Jan 13, 1969 under 400-EX-33; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 123439-M) 00003032 Holsing, G.C. (1968) Final Report; Ihree-Generation Reproduction Study—Rats: Project No. 798-104. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 091420-G) 00021626 Holsing, G.C. (1968) Summary: Repeated Dermal (Leary Design)—Rab- bits: Project No. 798-148. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:003258-K) 00003030 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: Two-Year Dietary Administra- tion—Dogs: Project No. 798-103. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 091420-E) 00003031 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: 24-Month Dietary Administra- tion—Albino Rats: Project No. 798-102. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Labora- tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-F) ------- MRID CITATION! 00003152 Holsing, G.C. (1969) Final Report: 24-Month Dietary Administra- tion—Albino Pats: Project No. 798-102. (Unpublished study re- ceived Oct 21, 1971 under 400-90; prepared by Hazleton Labora- tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:050926-A) 00002914 Home, C.W.; Philley, G.L.; Smith, L.R. (1972) Results of 1972 Ex- tension Peanut Disease Control Demonstrations Conducted at Mason, Grapeland, IXiblin, and Floresville, Texas. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499; prepared by Texas A & M Univ., Texas Agricultural Extension Service, submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:094551-U) 00003010 . Imlay, P. (1977) Report: The Acute Dermal LD50 of Vitavax*>200 Flowable Fungicide on New Zealand Albino Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; prepared by Cannon Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:235042-B) 05006081 Karchik, O.N.; loginova, L.N.; Eglit, I.E. (1975) Deistvie proizvodnykh oksatiina na kataliticheskuyu aktivnost1 metallosoderzhashchikh oksidoreduktaz pshenitsy. [Effect of oxathiin derivatives on the catalytic activity of metal-containing wheat oxidoreductases.] Knimiya v Sel'skan Khozyaistve. [Chemistry in Agriculture.] 13(2) :.119-121. 00002943 Kennedy, G. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of Uniroyal, Inc.: Distribution and Excretion Study with Vitavax in Albino Rats: IBT No. E9289. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 092254-H) 00002944 Kennedy, G. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of Uni- royal, Inc.: Characterization of 14C in Excreta of Rats Follow- ing Oral Administration of Vitavax: IBT No. E9290. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:092254-I) Kennedy, G.; Jenkins, D.H. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Division of Uniroyal, Inc.: Milk and Meat Residue Study in Dairy Cows Treated with 14C-Labeled Vitavax^: IBT No. J294. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 16, 1979 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:098393-B) 00002945 Kennedy, G.; Jenkins, D.H. (1971) Report to Uniroyal Chemical, Div- ision of Uniroyal, Inc.: Milk and Meat Itesidue Study in Dairy Cows Treated with 14C-Labeled Vitavax^: IBT No. J294. (Unpub- lished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL.-092254-J) 00021650 ------- MRID CITATION 05003664 Kirk, B.T.; Sinclair, J.B.; Lambremont, E.N. (1969) Translocation of 14C-labeled chloroneb and DMOC in cotton seedlings. Phytopathology (59):1473-1476. 00003120 Knickerbocker, M. (1977) Teratologic Evaluation of Vitavax^^Technical in Sprague Dawley Rats. (Unpublished study recieved Jan 24,1978 under 400-81; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:233500-F) 05005992 Knoll, F.A. (1978) Beeinflussung eines gegen Verticillium albo-atrum Rke. et Berth, wirksaraen phytogenen Henmstoffpotentials beirn Einsatz und Bionachweis von Systemfung iziden. [Influence of a phytogenic inhibitor potential effective against Verticillium albo-atrum Rke. et Berth, in the use and bio-assay of systemic fungicides.] Archiv fuer Pnytopathoiogie und Pflanzenschutz 14(1):17-26. 05013365 Kbllmorgen, J.F.; Ballinger, D.J. (1975) Suppression of the emergence of wheat and barley by mancozeb. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 15(76):700-704. 05004125 Kammedahl, T.; Lang, D.S. (1973) Effect of temperature and fungicides on survival of corn grown from kernals infected with Helminthosporium maydis. Phytopathology 63(1):138-140. 05009410 Konashevich, V.A.y Katseval, A.M. (1972) Preparaty protiv pyl'noy golovni pshenitsy. [Control agents for loose smut of wheat.1 Zashchita Rastenii (Moscow). [Plant Protection.] 17(2):35. 05003529 Kratka, J. (1975) Some biochemical changes in young barley plants, due to the Vitavax disinfection of seeds against Ustilago nuda (Jens_) Rostr. Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II 130(2):165-170. 05007643 Kratka, J.; Prochazka, M.; Ujevic, I. (1978) Vliv fungicidu na nektere metabolicke procesy a sladovnickou kvalitu jecmene. [Effect of fungicides on some metabolic processes and on the malting quality of barley.] ftgrochemia 18(2)-.57-60. 05003530 Kratka, J.; Ujevic, I. (1971) The effect of seed disinfection with systemic preparations Vitavax^and Plantvax^on respiration activity and on catalase in barley. Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II 126(2)*.154-161. 05002989 Kritzman, G.; Chet, I.; Henis, Y. (1977) Effect of carbon dioxide on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in Sclerotium rolfsii. Journal of General Microbiology 100(1):167-175. ------- MRID CITATION 00005545 Kuc, W.J.; Doebbler, G.F. (1979) Uniroyal Chemical 14C-Vitavaxa Bioconcentration Study: Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque): Project No. 11506-32. Includes undated method. (Unpublished study including metabolite study, received Mar 28, 1979 under 400-81; prepared by Union Carbide Corp., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:098029-G) 00005544 Kuc, W.J.; Doebbler, G.F. (1979) Uniroyal Chemical 14C-Vitavaxw Bluegill Sunfish Bioconcentration Study: UCES Project No. 11506- 82. Includes undated method. (Unpublished study including metabolite study, received Mar 28, 1979 under 400-81; prepared by Union Carbide Corp.', submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:098029-F) 00003049 Kucharczyk, N. (1971) Stability of Vitavax^on Treated Seed (Cot- ton). (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:093245-I) 05004135 Kuiper, J. (1968) Experiments on the control of cereal smuts with a derivative of 1,4-oxathiin. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 8(31):232-237. 00003228 Lacadie, J.A.; Dannals, L.E. (1978) Vitavax^-14C Laboratory Column Leaching in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7831. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, COnn.; CDL:236662-1) 00003229 Lacadie, J.A.; Dzialo, D.G.; Dannals, L.E. (1978) Vitavax^ 14C Aged Laboratory Column Leaching in Sandy Soil: Project No. 7832. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-J) 00003227 Lacadie, J.A.; Gerecke, D.R.; Cardona, R.A. (1978) Vitavax*>- 14C Laboratory Column Leaching Study in Clay Loam: Project No. 7758. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80;submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:236662-H) 00003058 Lane, J.R. (1966) Residue Analysis for D-735 and/or F-461. Method dated May 16, 1966. (Unpublished study received Jan 25, 1967 under 400-81; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:121531-A) 00003183 Lane, J.R. (1968) Residue Analysis for Vi .avax^. Method dated Nov 1, 1968. (Unpublished study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:093520~AA) 00026087 Lane, J.R. (1968) Residue Analysis for Vitavax^and/or Plantvax. Method dated Jan 18, 1968. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:003258-P) ------- MRID CITATION 05002737 Lane, J.R. (1970) Colorimetric microdetormination of Vitavax® (5,6 dihydro-2-methyl-l, 4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide) residues in crops. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18(3):409-412. 00002947 Lane, J.R. (1972) Determination of Free and Bound Para-Aminophenol Residues in Feces and Urine. Includes method dated Sep 18, 1972. (Unpublished study receive Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:092254-L) 00025467 Lane, J.R.; Sisken, H.R. (1969) Hie Effects of FDA Tblerance Pesti- cides upon the Recovery of Vitavax® Residues from Crop Plants: Cotton, Peanut, Sorghum, Wheat and Barley. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-F) 00025468 Lane, J.R.; Sisken, H.R. (1970) Specificity of the Vitavax® Method for Seeds. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 un- der 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 091604-G) 00002958 Leroux, P.; Gredt, M. (19??) Fate of Carboxin Used in Treatment of Wheat Seed: Absorbtion, Transport and Degradation. (Unpublished study received Mar 6, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by National Agricultural Research Center, Plant Treatment Laboratory— C.N.R.A. [France], submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093515-C) 05006363 Leroux, P.; Gredt, M. (1972) Devenir de la carboxine utilisee en enrobage de semences de ble: absorption, transport et degradation. [The fate of carboxin used as a dressing for wheat seed: absorption, translocation and degradation.] Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacie 21(1):45-60. 00003033 Littlefield, N.A. (1968) Acute Inhalation Exposure—Rats: Project No. 798-153. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-J) 00021624 Littlefield, N.A. (1968) Acute Inhalation Exposure—Rats: Project No. 798-153. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:003258-F) 05002745 Littlejohns, D.A.; McLaren, A.D.; Aylesworth, J.W. (1976) Uie effect of foliar sprays in controlling ozone damage in white beans. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 56(2):430. 05011365 Luisi, N. (1977) Prodotti sistemici in patologia vegetale, ecologia e adattamento dei patogeni. [Systemic products used in vegetable pathology, ecology and resistance of the pathogens.] Securitas. [Safety.] 62(11/12):659-666, ------- MRID CITATION 05003852 Lyr, H.; Ritter, G.; Banasiak, L. (1974) Detoxication of carboxin. Zeitschrift fuer Allgcmeine Mikrobiologio 14(4):313-320. 05012882 Macias, W.; Smoter, J. (1973) Badania nad fitotoksycznoscia oraz wplywem fungicydow z grupy PCNB i 1MTD na stan odzywienia cebuli. [Phytotoxic effects of fungicides of the PCI® and TMTD groups on the nourishment of onions.] Biuletyn Warzywniczy. (Bulletin of Vegetable Crops Research Work.J XV:249-268. 000025484 Martinson, C.A.; Neiderrayer, R.W.; Rouwenhorst, D.; et al. (1973) Reasoning in Support of the Petition. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Univ. and Univ. of Illinois, submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:094043-1) 00003309 Mastalski, K. (1970) Report to Uniroyai Chemical; Division of Uniroyai, Inc.: Acute Oral Toxicity Study on Vitavax®Seed Pro- tectant with Captan in Bobwhite Quail: IBT No. J8584. (Unpub- lished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-D) 00003308 Mastalski, K. (1970) Report to Uniroyai Chemical, Division of Uniroyai, Inc.: Acute Oral Toxicity Study on Vitavax^Seed Pro- tectant with Hiiram in Bobwhite Quail: IBT No. J8584. (Unpub- lished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-C) 00002923 Mastri, C. (1970) Report to Uniroyai Chemical, Division of Uni- royai, Inc.: Four-Day Fish Toxicity Study on Three Samples of VitavaxltSSeed Protectants: IBT No. A8585. (Unpublished study received on August 8, 1975 under 400-118; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:230400-G) ------- HRID CITATION 00021610 Mastri, C. (1970) Report to Uniroyai Chemical, Division of Uniroy- al, Inc.: Ebur-Day Fish Ibxicity Study on Three Samples of Vita- vax^eed Protectants: IBT No. A8585. (Unpublished study re- ceived Feb 18, 1972 under 400-81; prepared by Industrial Bio- Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Beth- any, Conn.? CDL:003261-D) 05004346 Mathre, D.E. (1971) Mode of action of oxathiin systemic fungicides: III. Effect on mitochondrial activities. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 1(2):216-224. 05002488 Mathre, D.E. (1972) Effects of oxathiin systemic fungicides on various biological systems. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 8(5):311-316. 05004904 Mathre, D.E.; Stewart, V.R.; Johnston, R.H.; Baldridge, D.E. (1975) Fungicide treatment of wheat seed: is it necessary? Journal of Environmental Quality 4(1):117-120. 00003316 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute Dermal Application—Rabbits: Vita- vaxJ witn Captan: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:091003-L) 00003315 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute Dermal Application—Rabbits: Vita- vaxJ with Ihiram: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-K) 00003314 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute Dermal Application—Rabbits: Vita- vax^: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:091003-J) 00003319 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute LD5*Rats (Oral): Vitavax^ with Captan: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:091003-0) 00003318 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute LD5Q—Rats (Oral): Vitavax*> with Thiram: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared lay Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-N) 00003317 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Acute LD_ —Rats (Oral): Vitavax1^: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyai Chem- ical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:091003-M) 00003328 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Draize Eye Irritation—Rabbits: Vita- vax^; Final Report. (Unpublished study received Feb 18, 1972 under 400-81; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyai Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:003260-A) ------- MRID CITATION 00003329 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Draizc Eye Irritation--Rabbits: Vitavax^ with Captan: Final Report. (Unpublished study received Feb 18, 1972 under 400-81; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:003260-B) 00003313 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Primary Skin irritation--Rabbits: Vita- vax^ with Captan: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-I) 00003312 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Primary Skin Irritation—Rabbits: Vita- vax^ with Thiram: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Oonn.; CDL:091003-H) 00003311 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Primary Skin Irritation—Rabbits: Vita- vax^: Final Report. (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091003-G) 00003164 Matthews, R.J. (1970) Primary Skin Irritation—Rabbits: Vita- vax^: Final Report. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared by Pharmakon Laborato- ries, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 229370-K) 00003012 Matthews, R.J. (1973) Acute LD^-Rats, Oral: Final Report. (Un- published study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; prepared by Pharmakon Laboratories, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:235042-D) 05004129 Michail, S.H.; Elarosi, H.; Abd-El-Rnhim, M.A.; Shohda, W.T. (1975) Persistence of certain systemic and non-systemic fungicides in the soil, with special reference to the method of application. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 14(2/3):138-139. , 05002754 Mohan, S.T. (1975) Cytological effects of fungicides, plantvax and vitavax on somatic cells of Allium cepa [letter]. Current Science 44(22):813-814. 00002926 Morse Laboratories, Incorporated (1975) Residues in PPM: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Mar 27, 1975 under 400-118; sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:230407-J) 00033019 Morse Laboratories, Incorporated (1980) [Vitavax^Residues in Peanut Seeds]. (Unpublished study received Jun 3, 1980 under OK 80/9; prepared in cooperation with Uniroyal Chemical, submitted by Oklahoma, Dept. of Agriculture, Oklahoma City, Ckla.; CDL: 242612-D) ------- MRID CITATION 05012734 Mueller, W.; Schewe, T. (1976) Zur Wirkung einiger Atmungshemmstof fe auf den Te tramethyl-p-phenylend iamin-Kurzschl ussweg in nicht-phosphorylierenden Rinderherz-Elektronentransportpartikeln. [Action of some respiratory inhibiting substances on the tetramethyl-p-phenylencdiamine bypass in nonphosphorylating bovine heart electron transport particles.] Acta Biologica et Medica Gennanica 35(12):1737-1740. 05019626 Mueller, W.; Schewe, T.; Lyr, H.? Zanke, D. (1977) Wirkmechanismus der Atmungshemmung durch die Systomfungicide der Carboxingruppe Wirkung von Qxathiinderivaten und -analoga auf nichtphosphoryTierende subraitochondriale partikeln aus Rinderherz sowie Trametes versicolor und Trichoderroa viride. [Action mechanism of respiratory inhibition by systemic fungicides of the carboxin group. Effects of oxathiin derivatives and analogues on nonphosphorylating sufcmitochondrial particles from bovine heart, Trametes versicolor and Trichoderma viride. ] <| Zeitschrift fuer Allgemeine Mikrobiologie 17(5):359-372. 05006904 Mukhorji, S.K.; Bagchi, B.N. (1977) Efficacy of Vitavax^-200 against some fungi in vitro. Pesticides 11(11):32~33. 05001446 Mukhopadnyay, A.N. (1976) Recent advances in the control of Sclerotium root rot of sugarbeet. Indian Phytopathology 29(1):102. 05001444 Mukhopadhyay, A.N.; Tewari, K.C. (1975) Control of sclerotium root rot of sugar beet. Indian Phytopathology XXVIII(l):140. 05001203 Mukhopadhyay, A.N.; 'Ihakur, R.P. (1971) Control of Sclerotium root rot of sugarbeet with systemic fungicides. Plant Disease Reporter 55(7):630-634. 05002341 Mulholland, R.I. (1972) Bunt control in wheat. Pages 165-168, In Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. Vol. 25. Hamilton, N.Z.: Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre. 05004588 Mulholland, R.I. (1972) Loose smut control in wheat. Pages 152-154, In Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. Vbl. 25. Hamilton, N.Z.: New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. 05004589 Mulholland, R.I. (1976) Control of loose smut of oats. Pages 217-220, In Proceedings of the 29th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. Hamilton, N.Z.: New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. 05006573 Muller, B. (1968) Qu1est-ce que la carboxine? [What is carboxin?] Defense des Vegetaux 22(133):239-248. ------- MRID CITATION 05011379 Murdoch, C.L.; Laemmlen, F.F.; Parvin, P,E. (1973) Fungicidal control of Puccinia striiformis on three cultivars of Poa pratensis in Hawaii. Plant Disease Reporter 57(3):217-219. 05010986 Mustafa, M.; D'yakov, Y.T. (1979) Vliyanie pestitsidov na porazhaemost' kartofelya i tomatov fitoftorozom. [Effect of pesticides on the susceptibility of potatoes and tomatoes to phytophthorosis.] Khimiya v Sel'skom Khozyaistve. [Chemistry in Agriculture.] 17(1):56-59. 05001234 Muthusamy, S. (1973) Systemic fungicides in the control of pineapple disease of sugar cane. Sugarcane Pathologists' Newsletter 10:14-15. 05010704 Nayak, M.L.; Verma, J.P. (1975) Uptake and translocation of chemicals in cotton seedlings. Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 82(10):587-592. 00003070 Nichols, D.F. (1967) Monthly Report: [Fungicides: Vitavax^and Plantvax1*3.] (Unpublished study received Dec 6, 1967 under 400-EX -30; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 123434-G) 05005989 Nilova, V.P.? Ksendzova, E.N. (1972) Vliyanie vitavaksa na aktivnost' katalazy i vospriimchivost1 pshenitsy k buroi rzhavchine. [Effects of vitavax on catalase activity and susceptibility of wheat plants to brown rust.] Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya. [Mycology and Phytopathology.] 6(4):355-358. 05002761 Cnuska, F.I.j Comba, M.E. (1974) Sodium azide-iodine reagent for the detection of 1,4-oxathiin derivatives by thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 100(1):247-248. 05002893 Onuska, F.I.; Comba, M.E.; Harrison, A.G. (1976) Chemical ionization and high resolution electron impact mass spectra of 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide and three of its metabolites. Biomedical Mass Spectrometry 3(5):248-254. 00003063 Ozer, B.L. (1966) Report: Subacute (90-day) Feeding Studies with D-735 in Rats. (Unpublished study received Dec 14, 1966 under 400-EX-27; prepared by Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc. for United States Rubber Co., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123429-F) 05012255 Padalkin, I.I. (1978) Ttoksichnost' vitavaksa dlia kur. [Ttoxicity of vitavax in hens.] Veterinariya (Moscow). [Veterinary Science.] (6):85-86. 05003601 Peterson, C.A.; Edgington, L.V. (1975) Penetration and retention of systemic pesticides in the synplast of potato tuber tissue. Pages 28, In Proceedings of the Canadian Phytopathological Society. Vol. 42. ------- MRID CITATION 05006896 Peterson, C.A.; Bdgington, L.V. (1976) Entry of pesticides into the plant symplast as measured by their loss from an ambient solution. Pesticide Science 7(5):483~491. 05002887 Plato, C. (1972) Differential scanning calorimetry as a general method for determining purity and heat of fusion of high-purity organic chemicals: application to 64 compounds. Analytical Chemistry 44(8):1531-1534. 00003323 Puchalsky, C.B. (1966) Infrared Methods for the Assay of D-735 and F-461, and Their Content in Formulations. Method dated Apr 6, 1966. (Unpublished study received on January 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093245-K) 00003172 Puchalsky, C.B. (1968) Infrared Method for the Assay of D-735, and Its Content in Formulations. Method dated Jul 15, 1968. (Un- published study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093520-H) 00024927. Puchalsky, C.B. (1976) Infrared Method for Captan and Vitavax® in UBI-1107 and 1109. Method dated Mar 22, 1976. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 0F0939; submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Cain.; CDL:098575-B) 00002996 Puchalsky, C.B. (1976) Infrared Method for Captan and Vitavax®1 in UBI-1107 and 1109. Method dated Mar 22, 1976. (Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:224929-D) 00005861 Puchalsky, C.B. (1979) Infrared Method for the Vitavax^ Content of Vitavax^-4G. Method dated Jan 30, 1979. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237329-C) 00025476 Ranney, C.D.; Burchfield, E.G. (1969) [Vitavax1® Used in Cottonseed Treatment]. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 091604-0) 00025471 Reed, H.E.; Chambers, A.Y.; Richard, G.; et al. (1969) [Efficacy in Barley]. (Unpublished study including published data, re- ceived Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; prepared in cooperation with Univ. of Tennessee, Agricultural Experiment Station, Dept. of Agricultural Biology and others, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-J) 00025470 Richard, G.; Vallier, J.P. (1969) Treatment of cereal seed by the combination of Carboxin with copper oxyquinolate. Proceedings of the 5th Br. Insectic. Fungic. Conference:45-54. (Also In unpublished submission received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-I) ------- MRID CITATION 00003297 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Acute Dermal Toxicity of Difolatan-Vitavax0 1-2F Seed Protectant: S-799: SOCAL 703/XV: 98. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2448; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety Div., sub- mitted by Chevron Oil Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:230799-C) 00003299 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) Hie Acute Dermal Toxicity of Orthocide-Vitavax:1> 25-50 W.P. Seed Protectant: S-805: SOCAL 710/XV:99. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239- 2451; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety Div., submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, (alif.; CDL: 224836-C) 00002892 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Acute Inhalation Toxi- city of Orthocide-Vitavax'^ • 25-50 W.P. Seed Protectant: S-808: SOCAL 713/XXI:55. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2451; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety Div., submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:224836-F) 00002889 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Acute Oral Toxicity of Orthocide-Vitavax^ 25-50 W.P. Seed Protectant: S-804: SOCAL 709/XVIII:135. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2451; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety Div., submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL: 224836-B) 00002885 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Acute Oral Toxicity of Difolatan-VitavaxJ 1-2F Seed Protectant: S-798: SOCAL 702/XVIII: 133. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2448; prepared by Standard Oil Go. of California, Safety Div., sub- mitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:230799-B) 00002888 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Acute Vapor Toxicity of Difolatan-VitavaxJl-2F Seed Protectant: S-8Q2: SOCAL 706/KXI; 48. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2448; prepared by Standard Oil Go. of California, Safety Div., sub- mitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:230799-F) 00002886 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Eye Irritation Poten- tial of Difolatan-Vitavax^l-2F Seed Protectant (CC 5998): S-800: SOCAL 704/XXII:16. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2448; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety Div., submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:230799-D) 00002890 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Eye Irritation Poten- tial of Orthocide-Vitavax^25-50 W.P. Seed Protectant: S-806: SOCAL 711/XXII:14. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2451; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety Div., submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:224836-D) ------- MRID CITATION 00002887 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Skin Irritation Poten- tial of Difolatan-Vitavax^ 1-2F Seed Protectant (CC 5640) and Difolatan-Vitavax^ 1-2F Seed Protectant (CC 5993): S-801: SOCAL 705/XXII:17. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2448; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety Div., submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL: 230799-E) 00002891 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Skin Irritation Poten- tial of Orthocide-Vitavax® 25-50 W.P. Seed Protectant: S-807: SOCAL 712/XXII:15. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1975 under 239-2451; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety Div., submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:224836-E) 00003027 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1975) The Skin Sensitization Potential of Orthocide-Vitavax^ 25-50 W.P. Seed Protectant (CC 6033): S-809: SOCAL 714/XXIV:41. Rev. (Unpublished study received May 11, 1977 under 239-2458; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:230224-G) 00002878 Rittenhouse, J.R.; Narcisse, J.K. (1976) Hie Skin Sensitization Potential of Di folatan-Vi tavax"4 1-2P Seed Protectant (CC 5998): S-803: SOCAL 707B/XXIV:38. Rev. (Unpublished study received Jul 6, 1977 under 239-2459; prepared by Standard Oil Co. of California, Safety and Health Div., submitted by Chevron Chem- ical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:230827-G) 00025475 Roberts, T.G. (1969) [Efficacy Data for Vitavax^ on Peanuts]. (Un- published study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Cbnn.; CDL:091604-N) 00003038 Robinson, D.; Shillam, K.W.G. (1968) The Palatability to the Young Pheasant of Grain Dressed with Vitavax^ and Its Effects on Mor- tality and Growth: 2469/68/346. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Eng. for Uniroyal International, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-P) 05005920 Schewe, T.; Hiebsch, C. (1977) Zur Wirkung von Atmungshemmstoffen auf das Elektronentransportsystem von Escherichia coli. [Effect of respiratory inhibitors on the electron transport system of Escherichia coli. ] Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica 36(7/8):961-966. 05013093 Schewe, T.; Hiebsch, C.; Garcia Parra, M.; Rapoport, S. (1974) Zur Wirkung von Atmungshenrostoffen auf die Atmungsenzyme der Mitochondrien aus Blumenkohl (Brassica oleracea L.). [Hie effect of respiratory inhibitors upon the respiratory enzymes of mitochondria from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.).] Acta Biologica Et Medica Germanica 32(5):419-426. ------- MRID CITATION 05013096 Schewe, T.; Rapoport, S.; Boehme, G.; Kunz, W. (1975) Zur Wirkung von Carboxin auf das Elektronentransportsystem tierischer Mitochondrion. (The effects of carboxin on the electron transport system of animal mitochondria.] Pages 145-152, In Systemfungizide, Internationales Symposium; May, 1974, Reinhardtsbrunn, East Germany. Edited by H. Lyr and C. Folter. Berlin, East Germany: Akademie-Verlag. 05015868 Schewe, T.; Rapoport, S.; Boehme, J.; Kunz, W. (1973) Zum Angriffspunkt des Systemfungizids Carboxin in der Atmungskette. [llie site of action of the systemic fungicide carboxin in the respiratory chain.] Acta Biologica Et Medica Germanica 31(1):73-86. 00003117 Shapiro, R. (1977) [Toxicity Data—Vitavax^]: Report No. T-272. (Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1978 under 400-81; prepared by Product Safety Labs, Div. of Nutrition International, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:233500-C) 05002742 Sikka, V.K*; Chopra, B.; Sethi, R.K.; Chopra, S.L. (1973) Persistence of Vitavax^ on (5,6-dihydro-3-carboxanilidro-2 methyl-1, 4-oxathiin) residues on some crops. Pesticides 7(4):28-29. 05009406 Sikka, V.K.; Chopra, B.; Sethi, R.K.; Chopra, S.L. (1973) Persistence of Vitavax^ on (5,6-dihydro-3-carboxanilidro-2 methyl-1,4-oxathiin) residues on some crops. Pesticides VII(4):28-29. 05003526 Sinha, O.K.; vyas, S.C.; Joshi, L.K. (1975) Rapid separation and detection of some systemic fungicides by paper chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 110(2):403-405. 05004768 Sinha, S.K.; Prasad, M. (1977) Studies on certain aspects of chemical control of bacterial stalk rot disease of maize. Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 2 132(1):89-92. 00002938 Sisken, H.R. (1970) Determination of Residual Vitavax^ in Meal and Oil from Gotton and Peanut Seed. (Unpublished study received Jul 28, 1972 under 0FO939; sutxnitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091603~A) 00025465 Sisken, H.R. (1970) Determination of Vitavax1^ and its Sulfoxide in Cotton Seed: Modification I of General GLC Method. Method dated Jan 5, 1970. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-C) 00025466 Sisken, H.R.; Lane, J.R. (1970) Storage Stability Studies of Vita- vax^ Residue in Grain. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-E) ------- MRID CITATION 00003184 Sisken, H.R.; Newell, J.E. (1969) The Detennination of Residual Vitavax^ and F-831 in Wheat Seeds: Tentative Method. Method dated Feb 20, 1969. (Unpublished study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093520-AB) 00003052 Sisken, H.R.; Newell, J.E. (1970) General GLC Method for Deter- mination of Residual Vitavax^ and Its Sulfoxide in Seeds (Grain and Peanuts), Method dated Jan 5, 1970. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093245-Q) 00003335 Sisken, H.R.; Newell, J.E. (1971) Determination of residues of Vitavax^and its sulfoxide in seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 19(4):738-741. (Also?In?unpublished submission received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, 3ethany, Conn.; CDL:229370-P) 00003088 Smilo, A.R.; Lacadie, J.A.; Cardona, R. (1977) Phptochemical Fate of Vitavax^ in Solution. (Unpublished study received May 3, 1977 under 400-80; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:231932-C) Snel, M.; Edgington, L.V. (1970) Uptake, translocation and decomposition of systemic oxathiin fungicides in bean, phytopathology 60(12):1708-1716. Solel, Z.; Edgington, L.V. (1973) Transcuticular movement of fungicides. Phytopathology 63(4):505-510. Solel, 2.; Pinkas, J. (1972) Bioassay evaluation of the systemic properties of carboxin in lemon seedlings. Pesticide Science 3(2):149-151. Staphorst, J.L.; Strijdom, B.W. (1976) Effects on rhizobia of fungicides applied to legume seed. Phytophylactica 8(2):47-54. Stevens, K.R. (1979) Primary Skin Irritation Study with Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared by Fbod and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-B) 00024924 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: [Vitavax 30-C]. (Unpublished study received Aug 24, 1979 under 400-124; prepared by food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:240917-C) 00005858 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rab- bits. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared by Pood & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-D) 05003663 05003661 05004144 05003657 00005856 ------- MRID CITATION 00005857 Stevens, K.R. (1979) Report: Eye Irritation Test in Rabbits. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; prepared by Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Uni- royal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:237477-C) 05005314 Stoker, G.L.; Dewey, W.G. (1969) Effects of loose smut infection and VitavaxJ seed treatment on barley yields. Crop Science 9(5):586-588. 00025472 Stoker, G.L.; Dewey, W.G. (1969) Effects of loose smut infection and Vitavax'a seed treatment on barley yields. Crop Science 9 (Sep--Oct):586-588. (Also Iri unpublished submission received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Beth- any, Conn.; CDL:091604-K) GS001201 Stone, G.M. (1969) Stability of Vitavax-^ in Stored Plants. (Unpub- lished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604) 00003048 Stone, G.M. (1971) Concentration of Vitavax^ (PPM) on Treated Seed. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093245-H) 00003050 Stone, G.M. (1971) Quantity of VitavaxJ in Soil around the Seed. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 0F0939; sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL:093245-J) 05003853 Stone, G.M. (1976) Vitavax0. Pages 319-331, In Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators. Vol. 8. New York: Academic Press. 00025464 05003969 05002994 05018561 05002150 Stone, G.M.; Chin, W.T.; Smith, A.E. (1970) Residues of Vita- vax^ (Carboxin) in Plants: 14C Studies. ¦ (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; submitted by Uniroyal Chemi- cal, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091604-B) Swinburne, T.R. (1975) The effect of benorayl and other fungicides" on phonylalanine-amrronia lyase activity in Hordeum vulgare and Phasoolus vulgaris. Physiological Plant Patholoqv 5(1):8i-88. Hx>rn, G.D.; Richardson, L.T. (1970) Effects of various fungicides in soil on water and amino acid transport in tomato plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 48(11): 2033-2036,. Thomburg, W. (1971) Pesticide residues. 43(5):145-162. Thornburg, W. (1973) Pesticide residues. 45(5):151R-167R. Analytical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry 05009700 Thornburg, W. (1973) Pesticide residues. Analytical Chemistry 45(5):151-167. ------- MRID CITATION 05003435 Tripathi, R.K.; Bhaktavatsalam, G. (1973) Silver nitrate-bromophenol blue and potassium permanganate-sulphuric acid as chrombgenic reagents for the detection of carboxin and oxycarboxin in thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 87(1):283-286. 05004133 Tripathi, R.K.; Singh, A.; Singh, S.L. (1976) Residue analysis of wheat grains and straw produced from Vitavax-treated seed. Pesticides 10(3):33-34. 05002996 Tucker, A.N.; Lillich, T.T. (1974) Effect of the systemic fungicide carboxin on electron transport function in membranes of Micrococcus denitrificans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 6(5):572-578. 00003138 Uniroyal (19??) D735 and F461 Systemic Fungicides: Technical Data Sheet. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under un- known admin, no.; CDL:125233-A) 00003039 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) [Residue Studies: VitavaxJ. (Unpublished study including summary, received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; CDL:091420-R) 00003160 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) [Summaries for "Handling" and "Fish and Wildlife Toxicology"]. Summary of studies 229370-C through 229370-N. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under un- known admin, no.; CDL:229370-B) 00002920 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Calculation of Margin of Safety: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Jun 9, 1975 under 5F1637; CDL:094947-L) 00002860 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Chemical and Physical Properties of Vita- vax^-^Technical: Technical Bulletin. (Unpublished study received Sep 17, 1976 under 400-132; CDL:226141-B) 00021623 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Chemical and Physical Properties: Vitavax-0. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; CDL:003258-A) 00025479 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Chemical and Physical Properties: Vitavax^. §Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; CDL:094043-A) 00003171 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Chemical and Physical Properties: Vitavax® (Unpublished study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; CDL:093520-D) 00002995 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Control Test AC-1045-D: Assay of Vitavax^ (and Its Formulations). Undated method. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:224929-C) ------- MRID CITATION 00024926 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Control Test: AC-1045-D: Assay of Vitavax^. (and Its Formulations). Undated method. (Unpublished study received Mar 27, 1975 under 0F0939; CDL:098575-A) 00003086 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Environmental Fate Studies on Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received May 3, 1977 under .400-80; CDL:231932-A) 00004159 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Margin of Safety of Proposed Iblerances: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under- 0F0939; CDL.:093245-R) 00004158 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Margin of Safety of the Proposed Tol- erances : [Vitavax®!. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 urvder 4F1499; CDL:094551-I) 00030598 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Margin of Safety of the Proposed Toler- ances: [Vitavaxw]. (Unpublished study received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:092253-A) 00003232 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Residue Summary for Carboxin in Peanuts. (Unpublished study received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; CDL: 098014-C) 00002948 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Seed Rots and Seedling Disease Control Data Summary. (Unpublished study received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:092253-B) 00003103 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Stability of Vitavax® on Treated Oat Seed. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1975 under 400-112; CDL:220785-A) 00003092 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Stability of Vitavax® on Treated Wheat and Barley Seed. (Unpublished study received Jun 26, 1973 under 400-108; CDL:008327-D) 00002924 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Summary of Active Handling Toxicology—Use Category, Signal Wbrd and Precautionary Statements. (Unpub- lished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:230403-A) 00025485 Uftinoyal Chemical (19??) Surrmary of Field Residue Data. (Unpub- lished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; CDL:091604-R) 00003123 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Surrmary of Phytotoxicity Data. (Unpub- lished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-D) 00002959 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Sunmary: [Vitavax® Residue]. (Unpublished study received Jul 28, 1972 under 0F0939; CDL:091603-B) 00002971 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) The Results of Tests on the Anount of Residue Remaining, Including a Description of the Analytical Method Used. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 9G0819; CDL:091418-L) ------- MRID CITATION 00021616 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax® HBM-25 Production Procedure. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; CDL: 238225-A) 00029651 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^ HBM-25 Production Procedure. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; CDL: 238225-A) 00003170 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^ Manufacturing Process. (Unpub- lished study received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; CDL:093520-C) 00021644 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax® Manufacturing Process. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; CDL:003258-AN) 00003296 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^: Chemical and Physical Properties of Vitavax^ Technical. (Unpublished study received. Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-J) 00003231 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax^ Flowable Fungicide: Vitavaxi>-3F Fungicide: Basic Manufacturing Process. (Unpublished study received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; CDL:098014-B) 00003230 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavax® Fungicide: Agricultural Chem- icals: Technical Data Sheet. (Unpublished study received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; CDL:098014-A) 00005860 Uniroyal Chemical (19??) Vitavaxa)-4G Process. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; CDL:237329-B) 00002979 uniroyal Chemical (1962?) Margin of Safety of the Pco,xsed Toler- ances: [Vitavax*>]. (Unpublished study received Aug 11, 1971 under 2F1191; CDL:093516-H) 00003055 Uniroyal Chemical (1962) Calculation of Margin of Safety: [Vitavax®] (Unpublished study received Jun 9, 1975 under 5F1638; CDL:094948-H) 00002978 Uniroyal Chemical (1966) Vitavax^ Assay Method. Method dated Jan 24, 1966. (Unpublished study received Aug 11, 1971 under 2F1191; CDL:093516-F) 00003185 Uniroyal Chemical (1967) Residue Analysis of Cotton Seedlings from Vitavax^-Treated Cotton Seeds. (Unpublished study received Nov 29, 1967 under 400-EX-28; CDL:123430-A) 00021632 Uniroyal Chemical (1968) Reasonable Grourtis for Support of This Petition: [Vitavax®]. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; CDL:003258-R) 00021629 Uniroyal Chemical (1968) The Results of Tests on the Amount of Residue Remaining, Including a Description of the Analytical Method Used: [Vitavax®]. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; CDL:003258-N) ------- MRID CITATION 00005538 Uniroyal Chemical (1968) Vitavax^-Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment Test Surmary in Combination with Difolatan. (Unpublished study received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; CDL:098028-I) 00003131 Uniroyal Chemical (1969?) Basic Vitavax*> Tbxicology Studies. (Un- published study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL: 003284-R) 00003072 Uniroyal Chemical (1969?) Report of Investigations Made with Re- spect to the Safety of Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received Mar 25, 1969 under 400-EX-38; CDL:127028-A) 00002946 Uniroyal Chemical (1969?) Uniroyal Supplemental Experimental Studies: Animal Residues. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-K) 00003051 Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Data on Seed Treatment—Soil Fungicide Ttst for Control of Cotton Seedling Diseases, Athens, Georgia, 1969: Table 2. (Unpublished study received Jun 5, 1970 under 0F0939; CDL:093245-N) 00003045 Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Disappearance Studies: Wheat and Barley; [Peanut; Sorghum: Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; CDL:091420-X) 00003029 Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Toxicology Information: [Vitavax^J. (Un- published study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; CDL: 091420-A) 00005539 Uniroyal Chemical (1969) Vitavax^-Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment Test Summary in Combination with Botran. (Unpublished study received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma State Univ. and North Carolina State Univ.; CDL: 098028-J) 00003307 Uniroyal Chemical (1970?) Additional Vitavax3 Toxicology. Summary of studies 091003-C through 091003-R. (Unpublished study re- ceived May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; CDL:091003-B) 00003057 Uniroyal Chemical (1970?) Appendix. (Unpublished study received Dec 21, 1971 under 400-81; CDL:050050-A) 00025481 Uniroyal Chemical (1970) Basic Vitavax^ Tbxicology Studies. (Unpub- lished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525? CDL:094043-E) 00002939 Uniroyal Chemical (1970) Vitavax^ Handling Tbxicity Studies. (Un- published study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-C) 00003132 Uniroyal Chemical (1971?) Tbxicity of Vitavax® to Fish and Wildlife. (Unpublished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL: 003284-S) ------- MRID CITATION 00003073 Uniroyal Chemical (1971?) Toxicity to Fish and Wildlife: [Vitavax1®]. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 400-EX-38; CDL-.127028-B) 00002962 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) [Residue Data], (Unpublished study received May 8, 1972 under 2F1191; CDL.-091003-S) 00003078 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Background of Residue Data for Vitavax®-200 Fungicide and Vitavax^-300 Fungicide on Peanuts. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1975 under 400-92; CDL:220663-J) 00002982 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Composition of Vitavax4*—Technical Grade. (Unpublished study received on July 10, 1974 under 2F1525; CDL:095561-B) 00002989 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Cotton Seedling Survival. (Unpublished study received Apr 12, 1972 under 400-80; CDL:023352-D) 00002917 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Peanuts: Seed Treatment—1971. (Unpub- lished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499; CDL:094551-X) 00003089 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Peanuts: Seed Treatment—1971: Jackson, N.C. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1975 under 400-92; CDL:220663-O) 00002859 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Reasoning in Support of the Petition: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study including revised section G-5, received Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-O) 00002862 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Ragional Bod Rot Test—1971. (Unpublished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL:230405-0) 00002859 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Reasoning in Support of the Petition: received Sep 27, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:093547-O) 00002954 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Seed Corn Treatment Experiment, Washing- ton, Iowa. (Unpublished study received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:092253-K) 00005536 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Vitavax^1—Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment Test Summary in Combination with Captan. (Unpublished study received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; prepared in cooperation with Auburn Uhiv., Oklahoma State Uftiv. and Texas A & M Univ., Agri- cultural Extension Service; CDL:098028-G) 00005537 Uniroyal Chemical (1971) Vitavax^—Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment Test Summary in Combination with Hiiram. (Unpublished study received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; CDL:098028-H) 00002942 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) [Animal Residue Studies). (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-G) ------- MRID CITATION 00002961 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) [Residue Data: Vitavax0]. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 2F1191; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories and Harris Laboratories; CDL:091003-A) 00002951 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished study including report, received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:092253-F) 00003125 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-H) 00002951 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Performance Report. (Unpublished study including report, received Dec 23, 1972 under 3F1318; CDL:092253-F) 00003123 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Field Phytotoxicity Evaluation. (Unpub- lished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-N) 00002864 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Pod Rot Test—1972. (Unpublished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL:230405-R) 00002928 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Residues in PPM: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 0F0939; CDL:094582-B) 00002930 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Residues in PPM: [Vitavax1^]. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 0F0939; CDL:094582-E) 00002858 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Stability of Vitavax^ on Treated Seed (Grain and Corn). (Unpublished study received Sep 27, 1972 un- der 3F1318; CDL-.093547-M) 00003304 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Stability of Vitavax^-200 in Treated Seed (Cotton). (Unpublished study received Jun 28, 1972 under 0F0939; CDL:094582-F) 00003303 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Stability of Vitavaxw-300 in Treated Seed (Cotton). (Unpublished study received Jun 28, 1972 under 0F0939; CDL:094582-D) 00002940 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Summary of Vitavax® Residue Data in Corn and Small Grains. Includes method dated Nov 1, 1968. (Unpub- lished study including report, received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL-.092254-E) 00002902 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Untreated Peanuts Analyzed by Vitavax^ (GLC) Method for Apparent PPM Background. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 4F1499; CDL:093979-B) 00025486 Uniroyal Chemical (1972) Vitavax^ Handling Toxicity Studies. (Un- published study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; CDLs 094043-J) ------- MRID CITATION 00002960 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Discussion: [Vitavax^ Residues]. (Unpub- lished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-M) 00002857 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Enforcement Method for Vitavax^1 in Animal Tissue, Milk and Eggs. Method dated Sep 17, 1973. (Unpub- lished study received on unknown date under 3F1318; CDL:093547-D) 00003155 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance and Phytotoxicity Re- port. (Unpublished study received Dec 5, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:023365-H) 00003094 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance Report: UNI-1088 and 1090. (Unpublished study received Jun 26, 1973 under 400-108; CDL:003327-F) 00002910 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Field Performance and Phytotoxicity Re- port. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499; CDL:094551-P) 00003305 Uniroyal Cnemical (1973) Method for Vitavax^ Residues in Animal Tissue, Milk and Eggs. Method dated Sep 17, 1973. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1973 under 3F1318; CDL:092254-A) 00002908 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Peanut Seed Treatment 1973: 50 Seed Plant- ed/Plot. (Unpublished study received May 1, 1974 under 4F1499; CDL:094551-M) 00003129 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM. (Unpublished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:003284-P) 00005852 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM: Corn: UNI-1088. (Unpub- lished study received Mar 28, 1977 under 400-107; prepared in cooperation with Now York State Univ.—Oswego, Lake Ontario Environmental Laboratory and Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL: 238083-A) 00005854 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Residues in PPM: Wheat & Barley. (Unpub- lished study received Feb 28, 1973 under 400-115; CDL:238076-E) 00003121 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Stability of Vitavax^ on Treated Cotton Seed. (Unpublished study received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-B) 00003158 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax,j> Flowable Fungicide: Summary of Residues in Wheat and Barley. (Unpublished study received Dec 5, 1973 under 400-107; CDL-.023365-S) 00005530 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax^—Fungicide: Peanut Seed Treatment Ifest Summary at 3-6 0z/100 Pounds of Seed. (Unpublished study received May 2, 1975 under 400-81; CDL:098028-A) ------- MRID JITATION 00003159 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax^-200 Flowable Fungicide: Summary of Residues in 'Wheat and Barley. (Unpublished study received Dec 5, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:023365-T) 00002861 Uniroyal Chemical (1973) Vitavax^ 10G: Peanuts: Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL: 230405-N) 00003106 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Field Evaluation Report: Phyto Study. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1975 under 400-112; CDL: 220785-D) 00003001 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 15, 1975 under 400-118; CDL:224933-B) 00002903 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residue Analysis of Peanut Hulls for Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 4F1499; CDL:093979-C) 00002904 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residue Analysis of Peanut Meal for Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 4F1499; CDL:093979-D) 00002937 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residues in PPM: [Vitavax1"]. (Unpublished study received Mar 21, 1974 under 400-113; prepared in coopera- tion with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:023366-C) 00003021 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residues in PPM: Soybeans: Vitavax^. (Un- published study received Nov 14, 1970 under 400-112; CDL:235936- vJ) 00005848 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Residues in PPM: Soybeans: Vitavax0 UNI- 1127. (Unpublished study received Dec 11, 1977 under 400-112; CDL:238081-E) 00002905 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) The Effects of EPA Iblerance Pesticides' upon the Recovery of Vitavax11 Residues from Peanuts. (Un- published study received on unknown date under 4F1499; prepared in cooperation witn Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:093979-F) 00002901 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) The Results of Tbsts on the Amount of Residue Rrsnaining, Including a Description of the Analytical Methods Used: (Vitavax^J. Summary of studios 093979-B through 093979-F. ' (Unpublished study including summary, received on unknown date under 4F1499; CDL:093979-A) 00025482 Uniroyal Chemicail (1974) Toxicity of Vitavax^ to Fish and Wildlife. (Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; CDL: 094043-G) 00002957 Uniroyal Chemical (1974) Toxicity of Vitavax^ to Fish and Wildlife. (Unpublished study received Mar 21, 1974 under 400-113; CDL: 023366-F) ------- MRID CITATION 00003002 Uniroyal Chemical (1975?) Summary of Acute Handling Toxicology—Use Category, Signal Word and Precautionary Statements. Summary of study 224934-C. (Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL:224934-B) 00003003 Uniroyal Chemical (1975?) Summary of Fish and Wildlife Toxicology for Precautionary Label Statements. Summary of study 224935-C. (Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL: 224935-B) 00003004 Uniroyal Chemical (1975?) Toxicity of Vitavax* to Fish and Wild- life. (Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1976 under 400-118; CDL: 224935-C) 00002871 Uniroyal Chemical (1975?) Toxicity of Vitavax^ to Fish and Wildlife. (Unpublished study received Sep 28, 1976 under 400-130; CDL: 230406-C) 00024930 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) [Residues from Vitavax^ on Cotton]. (Un- published study received Mar 27, 1975 under 0F0939; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:098575-F) 00003149 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Field Evaluation Report. (Unpublished study received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL:225604-W) 00003356 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Residues of Vitavax^—EVS Concen- trate in Corn. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1975 under 400-124; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:235928-C) 00021647 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Response to Question No. 5 Concerning Status Report No. l,...on the Environmental Fate of Vita- vax^. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 400-80; CDL:240822-A) 00002918 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Stability of Vitavax^ on Treated Soy- bean Seed. (Unpublished study received Jun'9, 1975 under 3F1637; CDL:094947-E) 00003108 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) Summary of Residue Data: [Vitavax^l. (Un- published study received Apr 21, 1975 under 400-112; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:220785-G) 00003054 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) The Effects of EPA Tolerance Pesticides upon the Recovery of Vitavax*3 Residues from Sorghum: (1) Grain, (2) Fodder and Forage. (Unpublished study including summary, received Jun 9, 1975 under 5F1638; prepared in cooper- ation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:094948-G) 00002919 Uniroyal Chemical (1975) The Effects of EPA Tolerance Pesticides upon the Recovery of VitavaxJ Residues from Soybeans. (Un- published study including summary, received Jun 9, 1975 under 5F1637; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:094947-K) ------- I4RID CITATION 00003017 Uniroyal Chemical (1976?) Soybeans: Vitavax^-200 Flcwable Fungicide. (Unpublished study received Nov 14, 1978 under 400-12; CDL: 235936-D) 00003130 Oniroyal Chemical (1976?) Vitavax^ Handling Toxicity Studies. (Un- published study including annotated bibliography of petition materials, received May 16, 1973 under 400-107; CDL:003284-Q) 00003085 Uniroyal Chemical (1976) [Vitavax^ Residue Data on Peanuts]. (Un- published study received Sop 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL:225602-A) 00003034 Uniroyal Chemical (1976) Vitavax® Manufacturing Process. (Unpub- lished study including letter dated Sep 9, 1976 from T.E. Geise to John Pryzbylek, received Sep 13, 1976 under 400-129; CDL: 225601-A) 00005362 Uniroyal Chemical (1977?) Toxicity: Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; CDL:237329~D) 00003115 Uniroyal Chemical (1977?) Toxicology: Vitavax® Technical. Summary of studies 233500-B through 233500-F. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jan 24, 1978 under 400-31; CDL:233500-A) 00003009 Uniroyal Chemical (1977?) Toxicology: Vitavax^-200 Flowable. (Un- published study received Jul 14, 1978 under 400-112; CDL:235042- A) 00003165 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) [Residue Data: Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under unknown admin, no.; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:229370-O) 00003357 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Chemical and Physical Properties of Vitavax1^ Technical. (Unpublished study received Oct 11, 1978 under KS-78/20; submitted by ?; CDL:235366-A) 00003234 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Reasonable Grounds in Support of Ihis Pe- tition: [Vitavax*"'}. (Unpublished study received Mar 20, 1979 un- der 400-80; CDL-.098014-F) 00020892 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Residues in PPM. (Unpublished study re- ceived Apr 25, 1979 under ND 79/8; CDL:238250-E) 00003221 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Residues in PPM: Barley: Vitavax^ 25DB: Grain & Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:235653-E) 00030107 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Toxicology Vitavax HBM-25. Summary of studies 238226-B through 238286-F. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under 400-136; CDL:238226-A) ------- 1-1RID CITATION 00003236 00005548 00003079 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Toxicology: Vitavax^ Flowable Fungicide. (Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1977 under 400-107; CDL: 232545-A) 00005863 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Toxicology: Vitavax^ 10G. Summary of studies 237329-F through 237329-1. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-53? CDL:237329-E) 00005859 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax^ Fungicide: Technical Data Sheet. (Unpublished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; CDL:237329-A) 00020891 Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax®-25 DB: Phytotoxicity. (Un- published study received Apr 25, 1979 under ND 79/8; prepared in cooperation with Univ. of Idaho, Experiment Station; CDL: 233250-D) Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax^-3F: Peanuts. (Unpublished study received Ma/ .0, 1978 under 400-EX-55; CDL:234122-B) ¦Uniroyal Chemical (1977) Vitavax^-25DB: Phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study received Feb 28,1978 under 400-115; prepared in coopera- tion with the University of Idaho, Experiment Station; CDL.-238076-D) Uniroyal Chemical (1978) IVitavax^ Residues in Wheat, Barley and Oat]. (Unpublished study received Sep 26, 1979 under 400-107; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL: 241014-A) 00003220 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Oats: Vitavax® 25DB: Grain & Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400- 115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:235653-D) 00003219 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Wheat: Vitavax^ 25DB: Forage. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL: 235653-C) 00003218 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Residues in PPM: Wheat: Vitavax® 25DB: Grain & Straw. (Unpublished study received May 10, 1978 under 400-115; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:235653-B) 00003224 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Response to EPA Letter Dated 6 October, 1977: Environmental Fate of Vitavax5 Fungicide. Summary of studies 236662-F through 236662-J. Includes method no. 2344 dated Aug 22, 1978. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 400-80; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:236662-A) 00024920 ------- MRID CITATION 00020890 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) Vitavaxa-25DB; Barley. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under HD 79/8? prepared in cooperation with North Dakota State Univ. and Washington State Univ., Re- gional Cereal Disease Laboratory; CDL:238250-C) 00020888 Uniroyal Chemical (1978) VitavaxJ-25DB; Oats. (Unpublished study received Apr 25, 1979 under I© 79/8; prepared in cooperation with North Dakota State Univ., South Dakota State Univ. and Univ. of Wisconsin, Dept. of Plant Pathology; CDL:238250-A) 00005867 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Residue Chemistry: [Vitavax^]. (Unpub- lished study received Feb 6, 1979 under 400-EX-58; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:237329-J) 00003233 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Residues in PPM: Vitavax^. (Unpublished study received Mar 20, 1979 under 400-80; prepared in coopera- tion with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:098014-E) 00024917 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Summary: [Vitavax^]. (Unpublished study received Oct 18, 1979 under 400-112; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc.; CDL:241184-A) 00024922 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Toxicology Vitavax^ 30C. Summary of studies 240917-B and 240917-C. (Unpublished study received Aug 24, 1979 under 400-124; CDL.-240917-A) 00005355 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Toxicology: Vitavax5 30C. (Unpublished study received Feb 28, 1979 under 400-124; CDL:237477-A) 00032175 Uniroyal Chemical (1979) Vitavax® Fungicide: Uniroyal. (Technical data sheet; also In unpublished submission received Jun 3, 1930 under OK 80/9; submitted by Oklahoma, Dept. of Agri- culture , Oklahoma City, Okla.; CDL:242612-A) 00030655 Uniroyal Chemical (1980) Residues in PPM. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jun 28, 1980 under NC 80/14; submitted by state of North Carolina, Dept. of Agriculture, Pesticide and Plant Protection Div. for Uniroyal; CDL:242701-A) 00005869 Uniroyal, Incorporated (19??) Technical Data Sheet: Uniroyal Vita- vax® Fungicide. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1977 under 400-107; CDL:237180-A) 00021613 Uniroyal, Incorporated (19??) Vitavax^: Systemic Fungicide. (Unpublished study received Sep 18, 1967 under 400-EX-3Q; CDL: 123433-K) 00021612 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1967) Bibliography of Vitavax^ and Plantvax Systemic Fungicides. (Unpublished study received Jun 13, 1967 under 400-EX-30; CDL:123433-J) 00025463 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1970) Suntnary of Work on Plant Residues from Vitavax0 Seed Treatments. (Unpublished study received Jan 12, 1970 under 0F0939; CDL:091604-A) ------- MRID CITATION 00025480 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1971) Composition of Vitavax^-Teehnical Grade. (Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; CDL:094043-D) 00025483 Uniroyal, Incorporated (1974) Summary of Corn and Rice Residue Data. (Unpublished study received Jun 17, 1974 under 5F1525; prepared in cooperation with Morse Laboratories, Inc. and State Univ. College of New York—Oswego, Lake Ontario Environmental Laboratory; CDL:094043-H) 00003100 United States Rubber Company (19??) Vitavax^ and Plantvaxa: Systemic Fungicides: Agricultural Chemicals: Technical Data Sheet: Experimental Fungicide. (Unpublished study received Jun 13, 1967 under unknown admin, no.; CDL:107975-A) 05005921 tfriverricht, A.; Schuette, H.R.; Banasiak, L.; Grahl, R.; Dedek, W. (1978) Synthesen radioaktiv markierter Verbindungen; 1) Darstellung von 5,6-Dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-carbonsaeureanilid-phenyl-U -14C (Carboxin), Carboxin-sulfoxid- und Cartooxin-sulfon-phenyl-U-14C. [Syntheses of radioactively labeled compounds; 1) presentation of 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiino-3-carboxylic acid-anilide-phenyl-U-14C (carboxin), carboxin-sulfoxide- and cart)oxin-sulfonphenyl-U-14C.J [letter] . Zeitschrift fuer Chemie 18(l):21-22. 05013071 Vonkata Ram, C.S. (1977) Laboratory and field evaluation of carboxin and oxycarboxin against Exobasidium vexans on tea. Indian Phytopathology 30(4):449-4351 05003851 Verzar-Petri, G.; Haggag, M.Y. (1976) Gas liquid chromatographic method for detecting and measuring tropane alkaloids and Vitavax fungicide in the same extract, of Datura innoxia Mill. Herba Hungarica 15(l):87-96. 00003339 Von Schmeling, B.; Kulka, M. (1968) Systematic fungicide 2,3-Dihy- dro--5-carboxanilido~6-methyl-l,4-oxathiin. Pages 1-2, In Fungi- cidal Control of Smut Diseases of Cereals. Compiled by J.G. Moseman. Beltsville, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Crops Research Div., CR 42-68; also In unpublished submission including glossary, received Mar 25, 1969 under 9G0819; submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:093520-AC) 05004276 Von Schmeling, B.; Kulka, M.; Thiara, D.S.; Harrison, W.A., inventors; United States Rubber Company, assignee (1966) Control of plant diseases. U.S. patent 3,249,499. May 3. 6 p. U.S. Q. 167-33. 05004275 Von Schmeling, B.; Kulka, M., inventors; Uniroyal, assignee (1969) Stimulation of plant growth. U.S. patent 3,454,391. Jpl 8. 3 p. Int. Q. A Oln 5/00, 21/02; U.S. CI. 71-77. ------- MRID CITATION 00003059 Weir, R.J. (1966) Final Report: Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure to Bluegill Sunfish: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study received Dec 14, 1966 under 400-EX-27; prepared by Hazleton Lab- oratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL.-123429-B) 00003037 Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Dietary "toxicity—Bobwhite Quail: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study received Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-0) 00010348 Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Dietary Toxicity—Bobwhite Quail: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study received Nov 16, 1967 under 400-75; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. for United States Rubber Go., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Gonn.; CDL;132110-B) 00010347 Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure to Rainbow Trout: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study re- ceived Dec 11, 1967 under 400-75; prepared by Hazleton Labora- tories, Inc. for United States Rubber Co., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:132110-A) 00021615 'Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure to Rainbow Trout: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jun 13, 1967 under 400-EX-30; prepared by Hazleton Labo- ratories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123433-R) 00003036 Weir, R.J. (1967) Final Report: Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure to Rainbow Trout: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jun 14, 1969 under 9G0819; prepared by Hazleton Labora- tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091420-M) 00021627 Weir, R.J. (1967) One-Year Progress Report: Two-Year Dietary /^min- istration—Dogs: Project No. 798-103. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; prepared by Jfezleton Labora- tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:003258-L) 00021628 Weir, R.J. (1967) 12-Month Progress Report: 24-Month Dietary ^min- istration—Albino Rats: Project No. 798-102. (Unpublished study received Jul 19, 1968 under 400-80; prepared by Hazleton Labora- tories, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.? CDL:003258-M) 00029175 Weir, R.J.; topkins, M. (1967) Final Report: Acute Dietary Tbxici- ty—Bobwhite Quail: Project No. 798-100. (Unpublished study re- ceived Dec 12, 1967 under 400-49; prepared by Hazleton Laborato- ries, Inc., submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL: 009021-H) ------- MRID CITATION 00029174 Weir, R.J.; Rathbun, F.; Hopkins, M. (1967) Acute Toxicity in Aqueous Exposure to Bluegill Sunfish and Rainbow Trout: Project No. 793-100. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Dec 12, 1967 under 400-49; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., sub- mitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn,; CDL:009021-G) 05006394 White, R.P.; Johnston, H.W. (1972) Possible influences of Vitaflo on the growth of corn. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 52(6):1078-1080. 05003776 Yip, G. (1971) Report on herbicides, plant growth regulators, and fungicides. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 54(2):327-330. 05003775 Yip, G. (1972) Report on fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 55(2):287-289. 05008662 Zadoks, J.C.; Kodde, A.; Hoogkamer, W. (1969) The effect of derivatives of 1,4-oxathiin on Puccinia horiana in Chrysanthemum morifolium . Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 75(1/2):193-196. 05006396 Zirnmer, D.E. (1967) Efficacy of 1,4-oxathiin fungicides for control of seedling safflower rust. Plant Disease Reporter 51(7):586-588. GOVERNMENT HUNTING OFFICE: 1961 341-082/215 1-3 ------- |