*>EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 8
(8WM-WQ)
908-F-95-001
March 1995
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coexist in
wide open spaces
e tim
A living legacy of pur ri
cowboys and cd
boom tcrwi
But ca
ill frontier history:
mountains, buffalo,
and ore.
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traditions
nmental expectations
preserve
previous waters clean?

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he wide-open West boasts a rich diversity of water recreation — kayaking,
>er rafting, canoeing. Camping and fishing among them. Western water resources
are unparalleled for thqir rugged beauty, challenging many sports and outdoor
enthusiasts while inspiring artists, photographers and visitors alike. These
lifestyles can continue to coexist with traditional livelihoods founded on a
Western heritage of logging, mining, irrigating agriculture, building towns and
roads, and raising cattle.
We can keep our wetlands, wildlife and waters healthy by making adjustments in the
way we live. 01 course, no particular land-use activity is restricted to the exclusive
domain of these representative mountains, canyons or plains, and they all overlap.
But we can help reduce polluted runoff from the mountains by:
designing logging roads with drainage and erosion control to prevent equipment
from driving through the stream — destroying its banks and stirring up sediments;
preventing runoff from mine tailings or by channeling to filter out in settling
basins and wetlands before joining the stream;
bringing back the cowboy to herd cattle away from sensitive streamside areas
prone to grazing damage during certain times of the year.

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he dry, red-rock canyonlands of the West are notorious for their torrential rain-
torms. These heavy downpours bring swift and sweeping runoff waters to wash the
dusty landscape clean. But it's not just the dust, the soil and"the sediment this runoff
carries — it's everything else in its path: livestock waste, oil spills, trash, lawn or gar-
den pesticides and fertilizers, yard waste, and nutrients from leaking or overflowing
septic systems,
All these runoff pollutants eventually concentrate in natural or impounded bodies of
water — lakes, reservoirs and groundwater. As is so common in the arid West, dammed
river systems create many of our recreational waters while also serving as our water
supply. We can continue to enjoy fishing and swimming our Western waters if we take
care what we do to the land, for instance, by:
fencing livestock off sensitive streambanks or adopting a grazing strategy ;
collecting and recycling used automotive oil;
building animal waste systems for concentrated livestock; .
leaving or cultivating'buffer strips of native vegetation along shorelines
and roadways Wfilter runoff:
using only the amount of lawn or garden pesticides and fertilizers needed;
regularly pumping septic systems to keep them operating efficiently.
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HBWBBSteto
' hile much of the Western plains may seem flat for as far as the eye can see, here,
too, rainwater and snowmelt run off the land to settle in low-lying areas and water basins,
largely in the form of "prairie potholes." Water, whether from irrigation or precipita- |jj|
tion, carries with it on its downhill journey the refuse of our lives and lifestyles — from
our farmlands and construction sites as well as from our very own streets and yards.
We can reduce runoff from the plains and throughout the West by:
only irrigating when needed;
leaving grassy waterways to absorb runoff in tilled fields,
practicing conservation tillage to reduce soil exposure and erosion;
retarding soil erosion at construction sites by mulching bare dirt piles and
strategically placing silt fences or hay bales;
keeping green space between development and water bodies;
composting and recycling household waste;
properly disposing of pet waste and household toxins lik<> paint and cleaners;
leaving grass clippings on the lawn as a natural soil fertilizer;
encouraging street sweeping to prevent refuse from entering street drains and
ending up in a waterway;
collecting or safely diverting downspout runoff;
washing cars on the lawn to absorb runoff and turning the hose off when not in use.

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(£
ONTACTS
for more
information about
Waters of the West
in EPA Region VIII:
Regional NPS Program
David Rathke
U.S. EPA Region VIII
999-18th St. (8WM-WQ)
Denver, CO 80202-2466
(303)293-1703
Regional NPS Montana
Operations Office
Dick Blodnick
U.S. EPA Region VIII
Federal Bldg. Drawer #10096
301 S. Park
Helena, MT 59626
(406)449-5486 ext. 231
Regional Tribal NPS Program
Barbara Burkland
U.S. EPA Region VIII
999-18th St. (8WM-WQ)
Denver, CO 80202-2466
(303)293-1656
Our waters need
your help now!
Greg Sandness
No. Dakota Dept. of Health]
1 200 Mjpouri AveJH||^|
Bismarck; North Dakota 58505
(701)328-5232
Jack Thomas
Montana Water Quality Bureau
t. of Health and
ironmental Sciences
swell Bldg
Montana 59601
)444-5319
o. Dakota Dept. of
Environment & Natural Resources
523 E. Capitol, Joe Foss Blda.
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
[605)773-4216
Beth Pratt
Dept. of Environmental Quality
NPS Program	mmmmm
122 W. 25th, Herschler
4th Floor
Cheyenne Wyoming 82002
(307^777-7079
address
Roy Gunnell
Utah Dept. of
Environmental Quality
Division Water Quality
288 North, 1460 West
Salt Lake City, Utah
84114-4870
(801)538-6146
Greg Parsdns
Cob Dept. of Public Health
Woler Quality Control Division
4300 Cherry Creek Dr. South
Denve Colorado 30222
Oiigind paintings: Ruth Bush
Text: lano M. Sidiy
Brochure Design: lute Sulfivai Scully

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Ride Herd on Runoff —
Protect Our Waters of
the West
might think of water pollution only in terms
dumped into a body of water from an easily
seen source, like a pipe. This identifiable point-
source pollution is in fact just part of the problem,
now largely controlled by regulations and a permit system since passage of 1972's
landmark Clean Water Act first targeted our nation's waters to attain a "fishable-
swimmable" standard.
Rain Drains Terrain
ore than 20 years later, many waters in the West — and across America as well —
remain polluted, murky, muddy, or green with algae. The culprit? Polluted runoff,
or no/jpoint-source pollution, so-called for its indefinite, diffuse origins as rain and
snowmelt wash over the landscape and carry with it all that's in its path to our lakes,
streams and groundwater.
Be a Solution to
NONPOINT POLLUTION:
Prevent Polluted Runoff
at its Source
l^^e all contribute to the problem, knowingly or not; virtually whatever natural
and manmade pollutants we put or leave on the land can end up in our water,
including:
•	sediment
•	oil and grease
•	fertilizers
•	pesticides
•	toxic chemicals
•	trash
•	animal wastes
BECAUSE WATER RUNS THROUGH IT,
Help Stop Polluted Runoff
a 've 'n a watershed—a deep or shallow basin of land that ultimately drains
into a low lying body of water. Whether the boundaries of your Western
watershed are defined by steep mountains, jagged
canyons or gently rolling plains, water runs
through it. But you help determine if that water
. , . |	runs	land polluted or sparkling clean by making
oug t ul lifestyle changes in how you manage the land and conduct your activities.
Yes, Out West you can have your fish and cattle too!

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