FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
NORTHWEST REGION. PACIFIC NORTHWEST WATER LABORATORY
I
Flathead Lake
Bacteriological Survey

-------
FLATHEAD LAKE BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY
Prepared by
Ralph R. Bauer
Technical Assistance
and Investigations
U. S. Department of the Interior
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Northwest Region
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
200 South Thirty-fifth Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
April 1969

-------
CONTENTS
Pa_a_e
INTRODUCTION 		1
Problem		1
Purpose . 			1
Scope		2
Authority 		2
Acknowledgments 		2
SUMMARY		3 '
STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION		5
Geography 		5
Geology 		5
Climate 		6
Population		7
Economy			7
Water Use		8
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAM 		9
Survey Dates Selection		9
Sample Point Selection		9
Near Shore		10
Off Shore		10
Sampling Procedure		12

-------
CONTENTS (CONT.)
Page
ANALYTICAL METHODS 		13
General		13
Analytical Procedures 		14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 		15
Lake Sampling		15
Near Shore Stations		15
Vertical Distribution 		21
Horizontal Distribution 		22
Off Shore Stations		25
Source Investigations 		25
Rain Produced Land Runoff		25
Rivers and Streams 	 .....	27
Septic Tank Seepage		32
SELECTED REFERENCES		37
APPENDIX A. Data Summaries		39
APPENDIX B. Sample Station Descriptions 		53

-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table	Page
1	Summary of Total Coliform Counts at Near
Shore Stations	 16
2	Summary of Fecal Coliform Counts at Near
Shore Stations	 18
3	Summary of Coliform Counts at Off Shore
Stations - July Survey	 26
4	Summary of Coliform Counts at Off Shore
Stations - August Survey 	 26
5	Summary of Total Coliform Densities in
Rivers and Streams	 30
6	Summary of Fecal Coliform Densities in
Rivers and Streams	 30
7	Swan River - August Survey - Effect of Big
Fork Sewage Outfall	 31

-------
LIST OF FIGURES
F i gure	Page
1	Flathead Lake Sample Stations 	 11
2	Frequency Distribution of Total and
Fecal Coliforms at Station 20	 20
3	The Effect of Wave Action on the Horizontal
Distribution of Total Coliforms from a
Point Source	 23
4	The Effect of Wave Action on the Horizontal
Distribution of Fecal Coliforms from a
Point Source	 24
5	Relationship Between Coliform Concentrations
and Rainfal 1	 28
6	Cape Montana Drainfield Seepage Investigation
Site	 34

-------
INTRODUCTION
Problem
On June 5, 1967, the State of Montana adopted the following
coliform standard for Flathead Lake:
"Organisms of the coliform group by the most probable
number (MPN) or equivalent membrane filter (MF) methods,
during any consecutive 30-day period and using a repre-
sentative number of samples, shall: average less than
50/100 milliliters (ml) when demonstrated by sanitary
survey to be a result of domestic sewage-^"
Past coliform data have been reported which indicated that
coliform concentrations exceeded the state standard in certain
portions of the lake. State officials were concerned with these
reports primarily because many lakeside residents use untreated
lake water for a domestic water supply. The paucity of data,
however, left some doubt as to whether the reported coliform
levels were truly representative of the existing water quality,
and if so, to what extent the area was affected. The Montana
State Department of Health, Division of Environmental Sanitation,
requested assistance from the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration to resolve this question.
Purpose
The purpose of this survey was to determine the concentration
and distribution of coliform bacteria present in Flathead Lake,

-------
2
Montana, during a heavy use period as compared with the applicable
state water quality standards. The term "coliform" means total
coliform except when otherwise stated.
Scope
1.	Location - This study was limited geographically to
Flathead Lake, Montana, and the rivers and streams that enter
the lake (see Figure 1).
2.	The Study - The study was undertaken during the summer
of 1968 and consisted chiefly of a sampling and analytical
program designed to permit a bacteriological evaluation of Flat-
head Lake water quality during periods of peak water use.
Authority
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, provides
authority for this study.
Acknowledgments
The assistance and cooperation of the Montana State Depart-
ment of Health, Division of Environmental Sanitation; University
of Montana, Yellow Bay Biological Station; Lake County Health
Department; and the U. S. Weather Bureau are gratefully acknowledged.

-------
SUMMARY
The following are findings of this study which relate to
the occurrence and distribution of coliform bacteria in Flathead
Lake.
1.	Total coliform standards were exceeded at 14 of 20
near shore stations during the July survey and 15 of 20 near
shore stations during the August survey.
2.	The occurrence of total coliform densities in excess
of the state standard corresponds generally with areas where
high levels of human and/or animal activity are found.
3.	Total coliform counts at near shore stations varied
markedly from day to day and from station to station.
4.	Total and fecal coliform bacteria in near shore waters
were found at all depths.
5.	Wind driven waves caused lateral movement of the near
shore water in the direction of wave motion, thus providing a
vehicle for total and fecal coliform transport.
6.	Total and fecal coliform densities decreased rapidly in
water samples taken progressively farther from the shoreline.
7.	All off shore stations demonstrated consistently low
total coliform concentrations, most values being less than
2/100 ml.
8.	No fecal coliforms were recovered from the established
off shore stations.

-------
9. Fecal coliforms were recovered from all near shore
stations.
10.	Runoff associated with heavy rainfall caused significant
increases in near shore total and fecal coliform concentrations.
11.	The drainage ditch in Poison, locally referred to qg
tho "government drain>" is grossly polluted and produces total
coliform levels in excess of state standards where it empties
into Flathead Lake.
12.	Total and fecal coliform densities 100 yards downstream
from the Big Fork sewage outfall and one-quarter mile downstream
from the Kalispell Air Force Station sewage outfall were not
significantly higher than the total and fecal coliform densities
upstream from these outfalls.
13.	Septic tank seepage into the lake was shown to be capable
of producing total coliform densities greatly exceeding the state
standard.

-------
STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION
Geography
Flathead Lake is located approximately 15 miles southeast
of Kalispell, Montana. The lake is 28 miles long and has a
maximum width of 15 miles. One hundred eighty-five miles of
shoreline enclose a water surface area of 188 square miles.
The surface elevation of Flathead Lake is regulated by Kerr
Dam on the Flathead River four miles downstream from the natural
sill of the lake. The altitude of the lake surface lies between
2883 feet and 2893 feet during years of normal runoff. Flathead
Lake is quite deep, many areas being over 200 feet in depth.
Geology
Flathead Lake was formed during the Ice Age when a glacier
advanced from southern British Columbia through the Rocky
2/
Mountain Trench to the vicinity of Poison, Montana . A subsidiary
lobe of the glacier extended up Big Arm to the vicinity of Elmo.
This glacial action resulted in the deposition of terminal moraine
at Poison and Elmo and a scouring of the valley walls in the
Rocky Mountain Trench. The Poison terminal moraine formed a
natural barrier to the Flathead River causing a lake to be formed
in the glacially eroded valley.
The exposed bedrock of the valley walls was gradually covered
with a thin layer of soil. This combination of a shallow soil

-------
6
layer covering impermeable bedrock promotes ground water drainage
into the lake. Land at the north end of the lake was gradually
built up by the silting action of the Flathead River.
CIimate
Data collected by the U. S. Weather Bureau at the Kali spell
Airport are representative of climatic conditions at Flathead
Lake. The mean average temperature at Kalispell is 43.9°F, the
warmest temperatures generally occurring during July and August.
Average temperatures for July and August are 68.7 and 66.4°F,
respectively. It is significant that the warmest months are
also the periods of maximum precipitation. The months of May
through September commonly are the wettest, 1 to 3 inches being
a representative monthly average for this period. Showers and
thunderstorms furnish a significant portion of the warm season
1/
rainfall .
Climatic conditions relate to coliform levels in Flathead
Lake in the following ways: (1) land runoff due to rainfall is
a source of coliforms, (2) warm weather promotes body contact
water recreation, and (3) domestic consumption of water increases
during warm weather.
A summary of past weather data, as well as the weather
encountered during this study, is presented in Table 1,
Appendix A.

-------
7
Population
The permanent population of the communities surrounding
Flathead Lake is estimated at 4,500. This figure increases to
15,000 if the city of Kali spell is included. Approximately
90 percent of the permanent population is served by some form
of municipal sewage treatment (see Table 12, Appendix A).
The Flathead Lake area experiences a large increase in
population during the summer months. The summertime population,
although not well documented, has been estimated as being three
times that of the permanent population. Seasonal residents
are quartered primarily in vacation homes, state and privately
owned campgrounds, motels and lodges. Most of these facilities
use septic tank systems for sewage treatment.
Economy
Agriculture forms the economic base of the Flathead Lake
area. Extensive cherry and apple orchards are found on the east
side of Flathead Lake. The land north of the lake is cultivated
to yield various grain crops. A thriving cattle industry also
exists in this region, with cattle-grazing practiced along the
southern and western sides of the lake. Lumbering and wood
products production are also pursued extensively in the area
around the lake.

-------
Tourism is another major industry in this region. The
lake is ringed with motels, campgrounds, lodges, etc., to
accomodate the thousands who visit Flathead Lake and nearby
Glacier National Park.
Water Use
The water quality standards for Flathead Lake are designed
to protect the water for the following uses:
1.	Public water supply
2.	Fishing and recreation
3.	Agriculture
4.	Industrial water supply
5.	Water power
Water supply is the most important protected water use in
terms of the study. The stringent coliform standards for Flathead
Lake are directed primarily at water supply protection.

-------
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAM
Survey Dates Selection
The choice of a sampling period was based upon the
desirability of making bacteriological measurements during
times of greatest expected bacterial loading and water use.
Factors influencing bacterial loading include land runoff,
population fluctuations, and body contact water recreation. All
of these elements are most pronounced at Flathead Lake during the
summer. Coincidentally, water usage is also greatest during this
period.
Surveys were, therefore, scheduled and conducted on the
following dates:
July 15-21, 1968
August 12-23, 1968
Sample Point Selection
For the purpose of this study, Flathead Lake was arbitrar-
ily divided into two categories, near shore and off shore water.
It was expected that the highest bacterial concentrations would
be found near the shore because the majority of coliforms would
enter the lake from the land. Further, the predominant water
uses are associated with near shore water. For these reasons,
emphasis was placed on near shore samples both in numbers of
sample stations and frequency of sampling. Based upon the above

-------
10
considerations, the following general sampling schedule was
developed.
Near Shore
Near shore, for the purpose of this study, is defined as
any water within 100 feet of the shoreline. Priority in sample
point locations was given to areas where past data indicated
coliform densities to be in excess of the state standard.
Special consideration was also given to areas which receive a
high level of recreational use and those areas bordered by a
large number of lakeside homes.
Off Shore
Off shore water is herein defined as all that water which is
more than 100 feet from the shoreline. Nine off shore sample
sites were established using the intersects of a rectangular
grid system based upon 5 minute increments of latitude and
longitude. The coordinates of these intersects are listed in
Table 1, Appendix B. One minute of latitude equals about 1.15
miles and one minute of longitude equals about 0.8 miles in this
area (see Figure 1, Stations 22-29).
Figure 1 shows the locations of both near shore and off shore
stations.

-------
FLATHEAD LAKE SAMPLE STATIONS
FLATHEAD RVR.
LAKE LOCATION
A
I
KALISPELL
SOM€R
ELMO
33 32
KERR DAM
POLSON
FLATHEAD RVR.
SWAN RVR.
YELLOW BAY
FISURE 1

-------
12
Sampling Procedure
Daily surface samples were taken by hand at each of the near
shore stations using sterile 250 ml wide-mouth bottles. The
following data were recorded with each sample: station number,
temperature, time and remarks, e.g., approximate number of bathers,
etc. Depth samples were taken on alternate days at those stations
which were sampled by boat. The depth at which the samples were
taken varied between 5 and 10 feet, depending upon the total
depth of the lake at that location. Depth samples were initially
taken with either a Kemmerer or a ZoBell JZ Sampler*. Although
both methods were equalivent, the JZ Sampler was soon adopted for
all routine work due to operator preference.
Surface samples were taken on alternate days at each off
shore station. No depth samples were taken for these stations.
Sample collection was conducted from a boat or from the
shore, whichever was more practical. The collecting sequence
was reversed daily in order to alter the time of collection from
day to day. Immediately after collection and labeling, all
samples were iced for transport to a mobile laboratory located
at Yellow Bay.
All major water courses entering the lake were sampled with
the same frequency as the near shore stations.
*Use of product and company names is for identification only and
does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Department of the
Interior or the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.

-------
ANALYTICAL METHODS
General
The coliform group of bacteria has been used for many
years as an indicator of water pollution. Coliform bacteria
are found in great numbers in the fecal excrement of all warm-
blooded animals, including man; therefore, their presence in
water is considered evidence of possible pathogenic contamination.
The group of organisms generally referred to as coliforms
can more properly be called "total coliforms." Total coliform
bacteria are also found in the soil and in association with
many types of vegetation, thus leading to confusion as to their
sanitary significance. In recent years, a more specific test
i/
has been developed which measures "fecal coliforms ." Fecal
coliforms can be simply defined as col iform bacteria of fecal
origin. Both human and animal excrement contains "total" and
"fecal coliforms." Fecal coliforms are not necessarily of human
origin.
Quantitative procedures have been developed to enumerate
the total and fecal coliform bacteria in a water sample. Two
procedures are in general use, the most probable number (MPN)
technique and the membrane filter (MF) technique. These procedures
for measuring coliform concentrations are designed to indicate the
degree to which water is contaminated with waste material from
animal and/or human sources.

-------
14
Analytical Procedures
Upon receipt at the laboratory, each sample was logged in
and assigned a laboratory number. All samples were then analyzed
for total and fecal coliforms by the membrane filter method.
Total coliform determinations were conducted in accordance with
the 12th Edition, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
5/
and Wastewater .
A membrane filter procedure for fecal coliforms is not yet
6/
included in Standard Methods; however, Geldreich et al. have
described a fecal coliform medium for use with the membrane
1/
filter. Further studies by Geldreich have established the
comparability of this procedure with the MPN fecal coliform test
described in Standard Methods.

-------
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Lake Sampling
Near Shore Stations
Over 500 water samples were collected from the established
near shore stations during July and August 1968. Analysis of
each sample for total and fecal coliforms yielded results as
summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Both surface and depth samples
are included in this data. Montana water quality standards for
Flathead Lake require that coliform bacteria not exceed an average
concentration of 50 coliforms/100 ml. In this study, average
total coliform counts exceeded the state standard at 14 of 20
stations during the July survey and at 15 of 20 stations during
the August survey.
Prominent in the (or these) near shore data is the wide
range in the total coliform values (see Tables 2 and 3, Appendix A).
To illustrate the nature of this variability, a frequency distribution
plot was prepared for Station 20 (Figure 2). Frequency distribution
plots of other near shore stations yielded similar patterns. The
salient feature of this frequency distribution is the preponderance
of low values accompanied by a few very high values.
Arithmetic averages calculated from skewed data, as found in
Figure 2, can be misleading because extreme values markedly influence
this statistic. For example, the arithmetic average of the data

-------
TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF TOTAL COLIFORM COUNTS AT NEAR SHORE STATIONS
Station
#
Location
;	
#
Samples
July Survey
Total Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimum Average
#
Samples
August Survey
Total Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimum Average
1
Riverside Swimming
Area
13
1,900
24
220
10
3,300
78
830
2
West End #93 Bridge,
Poison
12
250
<2
47
10
62
4
27
3
Queen's Bay
16
120
<2
19
16
570
<2
88
4
Indian Bay
18
76
<2
11
17
240
<2
45
5
Walstead Memorial
Park
12
150
4
59
10
3,200
22
680
6
Flathead Lake State
Park
15
580
<2
130
10
4,900
32
600
7
Dayton Dock
13
320
10
97
10
600
4
140
9
Lakeside Public Beach
14
330
4
86
9
290
18
79
10
West Shore State Park
13
260
6
39
10
5,300
10
620
11
Bailey's Landing
12
290
<2
53
10
610
18
180

-------
TABLE 1 (CONT.)
SUMMARY OF TOTAL COLIFORM COUNTS AT NEAR SHORE STATIONS'
Station
#
Location
#
Samples
July Survey
Total Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimum Average
#
Samples
August Survey
Total Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimum Average
14
Wood's Bay
12
230
6
47
10
210
10
68
15
Cape Montana
9
240,000
>800 37
,000
29
25,000
2
8,300
16
Yellow Bay Bio-
logical Station
12
430
<2
56
11
90
<2
16
17
Blue Bay
12
220
<2
52
10
14,000
4
en
O
O
18
Finley Point State
Park
18
230
<2
26
18
110
<2
19
19
Ducharme Fishing
Access
14
720
8
230
10
26,000
30
3,000
20
Tee Point Swimming
Area
13
150
6
60
10
2,000
2
240
21
Shoreline Motel
12
5,300
10
560
10
2,100
20
300
32
Big Arm View Trailer
Park
15
510
<2
130
10
4,400
<2
530
33
Ross Cabins
10
1,200
<2
150
10
140
10
48

-------
TABLE 2
CO
SUMMARY OF FECAL COLI FORM COUNTS AT NEAR SHORE STATIONS
Station
#
Location
#
Samples
July Survey
Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimym Average
#
Samples
August Survey
Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimum Average
1
Riverside Swimming
Area
13
620
<2
58
10
70
<2
19
2
West End #93 Bridge,
Poison
12
16
<2
4
10
2
<2
<2
3
Queen's Bay
16
4
<2
2
16
2
<2
<2
4
Indian Bay
18
54
<2
5
17 .
8
<2
3
5
Walstead Memorial
Park
12
32
<2
6
10
24
<2
6
6
Flathead Lake State
Park
15
30
<2
8
10
34
<2
6
7
Dayton Dock
13
78
<2
10
10
18
<2
6
9
Lakeside Public Beach
14
28
<2
6
9
6
<2
3
10
West Shore State Park
13.
56
<2
6
10
52
<2
8
11
Bailey's Landing
12
60
<2
8
10
66
<2
12

-------
TABLE 2 (CONT.)
SUMMARY OF FECAL COLIFORM COUNTS AT NEAR SHORE STATIONS
Station
#
Location
#
Samples
July Survey
Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimum Average
#
Samples
August Survey
Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimum Average
14
Wood's Bay
12
12
<2
6
10
18
<2
4
15
Cape Montana
9
250
<2
58
29

<2
59
16
Yellow Bay Bio-
logical Station
12
10
<2
3
11
12
<2
3
17
Blue Bay
12
2
<2
<2
10
16
"<2
5
18
Finley Point State
Park
18
4
<2
2
18
6
<2
2
19
Ducharme Fishing
Access
14
150
<2
28
10
1,500
10
190
20
Tee Point Swimming
Area
13
44
<2
13
10
12
<2
5
21
Shoreline Motel
12
140
2
25
10
120
<2
22
32
Big Arm View Trailer
Park
15
26
<2
4
10
20
<2
2
33
Ross Cabins
10
12
<2
4
10
14
<2
4
ID

-------
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL AND FECAL COLIFORMS
AT STATION 20
¦I	,	,	,	¦
500	1000	1500	2000
TOTAL COLIFORMS/100 ml
CO
a .
I 101
S5
§
a*
W
1
_¦—I	j	.	¦	.	¦
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
FECAL COLIFORMS/100 ml
Figure 2

-------
used to plot Figure 2 is 140, even though 18 of 22 values are less
than 100. In contrast, the geometric mean for these same data is
41. The geometric mean is less affected by value extremes than is
the arithmetic average. With skewed data, therefore, it may be
preferable to employ the geometric mean rather than the arithmetic
average to determine the point of central tendency. Tables 4 and 5,
Appendix A, present a comparison of arithmetic averages with
geometric means for all near shore stations. Geometric means of
5 of 20 stations exceeded the state standard during the July survey,
and 11 of 20 stations during the August survey.
Vertical Distribution. Depth samples were taken intermittently
at the near shore stations to provide some idea of the vertical
distribution of coliforms throughout the water column (Tables 6 and 7
in Appendix A present a comparison of surface and depth samples).
In most cases, the coliform counts are somewhat less at the 5 and 10
foot depths than at the surface. With a few, exceptions, however,
the difference between surface and depth samples is not of sufficient
magnitude to be considered significant. Apparently, the water
column is well mixed at the near shore stations. Vigorous wave
action, which would promote vertical mixing, was commonly observed
on the lake. Wind velocities of at least 10 to 20 miles per hour
were recorded at the Kali spell Airport on 21 of the 24 sampling
days. In some cases, gusts exceeded 50 mph (see Table 1, Appendix A).

-------
Horizontal Distribution. The lateral distribution of coli-
forms along the shore was studied by a series of close interval
sample collections. During the July survey, three special sampling
runs were made along the Poison waterfront between the Shoreline
Motel (Station 20) and Tee Point (Station 21). The area under
study was known to have high concentrations of coliforms derived
from a polluted drainage ditch. The results of these special
sample runs are tabulated in Tables 8 and 9, Appendix A. It is
apparent from these samples that the horizontal distribution of
i
coliforms is nonuniform. Total coliform levels varied between
values of several hundred thousand along a 100-yard stretch of
shoreline.
The nonuniformity found in horizontal coliform distributions
was even more dramatic in samples taken at Cape Montana west of
the Yellow Bay Biological Station Commissary. Large changes in
coliform concentrations within short distances were commonly found.
This phenomenon is shown in Figures 3 and 4 which represent the
coliform concentrations determined in samples collected along the
Cape Montana shoreline and at distances of 50 and 100 feet offshore.
It is evident from these figures that the lateral coliform
distribution varies greatly along the shoreline and also between
the shoreline and points offshore. Vertical mixing promoted by wave
action apparently is effective in rapidly diluting the bacterial
pollutants as they move into deeper water. These figures also

-------
THE EFFECT OF WAVE ACTION ON THE HORIZONTAL
DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL COLIFORMS FROM A POINT SOURCE
8-14-68
8-12-68
o
©
o
Ui
w
g
o
o
H
Figure 3

-------
THE EFFECT OF WAVE ACTION OF THE HORIZONTAL
DISTRIBUTION OF FECAL COLIFORMS FROM A POINT SOURCE
8-12-68
8-14-68
o
o
o
H
hJ
O
C?
w
Figure 4

-------
show the marked influence that wave movement has upon coliform
concentrations. The bacteria are moved along the shoreline in
the direction of the wave movement.
Off Shore Stations
A total of 67 off shore surface water samples were collected
during the course of this study. The results of total and fecal
coliform analyses on these samples are summarized in Tables 3 and
4. The coliform concentrations in off shore water were uniformly
low. The maximum total coliform count measured among all off
shore samples was 18, with most values being indeterminately low
at <2. At no time were any fecal coliforms recovered from the
off shore water.
Source Investigations
Rain Produced Land Runoff
Measurable rainfall was recorded during 11 of the 24 sampling
days. The runoff resulting from this rainfall was probably
responsible for the dramatic increases in coliform levels observed
at some stations. Why the effect of runoff was highly significant
at some stations and negligible at others is not well understood.
It is noteworthy, however, that several stations which were most
affected by the runoff are in close proximity to grazing lands.
7/
According to Geldreich et al. , the per capita coliform output

-------
ti<
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
itij
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF COLIFORM COUNTS AT OFF SHORE STATIONS
JULY SURVEY
Total Coliforms/I00 ml ~	Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
imples #
Maximum
Minimum
Averaqe
Maximum
Minimum
Averaqe
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
8
<2
5
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
TABLE 4
SUMMARY OF COLIFORM COUNTS AT OFF SHORE STATIONS
AUGUST SURVEY
Samples §
Total
Maximum
Coliforms/100 ml
Minimum Averaqe
Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
Maximum Minimum Averacre
5
10
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
5
8
<2
3
<2
<2
<2
5
18
<2
6
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
6
<2
3
<2
<2
<2
4
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2

-------
for cows, hogs, sheep, and ducks ranges from 2.9 to 9.3 times
that for man. Several hundred cattle were observed grazing in
the fields adjacent to Station 19 and are presumed to have
been primarily responsible for coll forms in that area. The
relationship between land runoff and total coliform densities is
presented in Figure 5. The pattern displayed in this Figure is
typical of heavy rainfall which has been preceded by dry weather.
The initial runoff carries very high coliform densities. Coliform
counts then decrease rapidly during subsequent days of rainfall
due to the diluting action of the prolonged rain.
Rivers and Streams
The following rivers and streams were sampled daily during
the course of the surveys: (1) Flathead River, (2) Swan
River, and (3) Stoner Creek. Average discharges taken from
U. S. Geological Survey Records are: (1) Flathead River,
9,624 cubic feet per second (cfs); and (2) Swan River, 1,139 cfs.
Average flow data for Stoner Creek are not available. An unnamed
drainage ditch in Poison, locally referred to as the "government
drain," was also sampled daily. Flow in this ditch during the
surveys was estimated at 20 gallons per minute.
Results of analyses performed on contributory rivers and
streams are summarized in Tables 5 and 6.
The Flathead and Swan Rivers contribute about 90 percent
of the water entering Flathead Lake. The geometric means of

-------
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLIFORM
CONCENTRATIONS AND RAINFALL
4000-
A Station
O Station
3000-
2000 -
1000
8/12 8/13 8/14 8/15 8/16 8/17
8/21 8/22 8/23
DATE
4-
8/12 8/13 8/14 8/15 8/16 8/17 8/18 8/19 8/20 8/21 8/22 8/23
DATE

-------
29
TABLE 5
SUMMARY OF TOTAL COLIFORM DENSITIES IN RIVERS AND STREAMS




Total Col
iforms/100 ml



Location
Samples #
July Survey
Maximum Minimum
Geometric
Mean
Samples #
Auqust Survey
Maximum Minimum
Geometric
Mean
Flathead River
12
240
2
27
10
620
10
46
Swan River
25
400*
8*
47*
15
1,300**
<2**
51**
Stoner Creek
14
430
8
85
30
1,700
40
270
Drainage Ditch
A & W - Poison
6
520,000 120
o
o
o
260,000
10 640,000
11,000
170,000
~Combined Data of Stations 13 and 31
**Combined Data of Station 36 from 8/18 - 8/23
TABLE 6
SUMMARY OF FECAL COLIFORM DENSITIES IN RIVERS AND STREAMS



Fecal Coliforms/100 ml



Location
Samples #
July Survey
Maximum Minimum
Geometric
Mean
Samples #
Auqust Survey
Maximum Minimum
Geometric
Mean
Flathead River
12
14 <2
3
10
34
<2
3
Swan River
25
18* <2*
4*
15
28**
<2**
4**
Stoner Creek
14
O
o
CO
24
30
200
2
25
Drainage Ditch
A & W - Poison
6
450,000 18,000
60,000
10
69,000
1,900
10,000
~Combined Data of Stations 13 and 31
**Combined Data of Station 36 from 8/18 - 8/23

-------
30
coliform bacteria contained in these rivers were quite low
during this study, measuring less than 50/100 ml. The impact
of these rivers on the coliform counts in the lake was minimal
8/
during this study. It is known , however, that coliform con-
centrations increase in the Flathead River during the winter.
The wintertime coliform concentration increase is probably due
to a combination of increased survival of the coliforms due to
lower temperature and less dilution.
Samples for the Swan River were taken at Big Fork Public
Beach and Big Fork State Park during the first survey. Later,
it was discovered that both sample points were upstream from
the underwater outfall of the Big Fork Sewage Treatment Plant.
This situation was taken into account during the second survey
when five new sample stations were added, distributed above and
below the Big Fork outfall. Table 7 presents a summary of the
data taken from these new sample stations. It is notable that
the geometric mean counts below the outfall are slightly lower
than those upstream. The differences are actually so slight that
they bear no real significance.
Coliform bacteria concentrations in Stoner Creek and the
"government drain" in Poison are sufficiently high to have an effect
on the receiving water. This is particularly true of the drainage
ditch. Geometric mean concentrations of total and fecal coliforms
found in the drainage ditch water, based upon 16 samples, were

-------
31
as follows:
Total Coliforms - 200,000/100 ml
Fecal Coliforms - 20,000/100 ml
The source of the bacteria found in the drainage ditch water is
probably septic tank seepage.
TABLE 7
SWAN RIVER - AUGUST SURVEY
EFFECT OF BIG FORK SEWAGE OUTFALL
#
Location Samples
Geometric Mean
Total
Coliforms/100 ml
Fecal
Coliforms/100 ml
Steel Bridge Below


Power House 5
47
3
Highway #34 Bridge 5
81
7
100 Yards Downstream


From Big Fork Outfall


North 1/3 of River 5
47
4
Midstream 5
48
4
South 1/3 of River 5
58
4
Two stations added on Stoner Creek above and below Kalispell
Air Force Station were intended to show what effect, if any, was
produced by this installation discharging treated and chlorinated
sewage into the creek. The geometric mean concentration of total and
fecal coliforms found in 19 samples is as follows:

-------
32
	Geometric Mean
Total	Fecal
Stoner Creek	Coliforms/IQQ ml Coliforms/1QQ ml
1/4 Mile Above Air


Force Station
230
24
1/4 Mile Below Air


Force Station
270
29
At Mouth of Creek


1 Mile Below Air


_ Force Station
320
18



No significant increase was recorded at the downstream station.
These data indicate that the Air Force Station does not add
significant numbers of coliform bacteria to Stoner Creek.
Septic Tank Seepage
Septic tank systems provide sewage treatment for the vast
majority of summer homes which encircle Flathead Lake. Seepage
from these septic tanks has long been considered a possible
source of coliform bacteria observed in the lake. Evidence to
substantiate this theory, however, has not been conclusive. The
septic tank system serving the Yellow Bay Biological Station
provided an excellent opportunity to determine whether septic
tank seepage does, in fact, contribute significant numbers of
coliform bacteria to the adjacent lake water. This septic
tank system receives the combined waste of the Biological Station
bath-house and commissary. During peak loadings, approximately

-------
33
150 people are served by this system which is located on the
west side of Cape Montana in front of the Biological Station
Commissary.
Station 15 was established to monitor the effects of this
drainfield. Results of sample analysis from Station 15 were
presented previously in Tables 1 and 2. Maximum recorded
coliform concentrations were as follows: (1) Total Coliforms -
240,000/100 ml and (2) Fecal Coliforms - 250/100 ml. The average
total coliform concentration, based upon 38 samples taken during
this study, was 15,000/100 ml.
Flourescein dye was flushed down the bath-house toilets
on two different occasions by the Lake County Sanitarian in
an attempt to link the septic tank system with the observed
coliforms in the lake. No dye was observed to have reached the
lake. A series of holes, A, B, and C, was then dug along the
shoreline, 10 to 15 feet back from the water, at distances of
20, 30, and 40 yards north of Station 15 (see Figure 6). The
holes were dug to a maximum depth of three feet. Ground water,
with an odor similar to domestic sewage, entered hole B when a
depth of 12-inches had been reached. Analysis of this water
yielded a total coliform count of 100,000,000/100 ml and a fecal
coliform count of 120,000/100 ml. In contrast, the ground water
which entered hole A at a three-foot depth yielded a total coliform
count of less than 100/100 ml and a fecal coliform count of
10/100 ml. No ground water was observed in hole C.

-------
DETAIL A
UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA
BIOLOGICAL STATION
DETAIL A
TEST HOLES
C
COMMISSARY
SEPTIC
TANK
grease trap
STATION 15
BATH
HOUSE
CAPE MONTANA
DRAINFIELD SEEPAGE
INVESTIGATION SITE

-------
35
The only available source of the extremely high coliform
levels found in hole B ground water was the Biological Station
£/
septic tank. According to Geldreich et al. , fecal coliforms
from alpine soils, such as are found in the Flathead Lake area,
are uniformly low. The highest fecal coliform concentration he
and his co-workers reported for unpolluted alpine soils was
33/gram with the majority of samples indeterminately low (i.e.,
-1.8/gram). Theoretically, the fecal coliform density resulting
from water percolating through this unpolluted alpine soil would
be no greater than 3300/100 ml. In actuality, the fecal coliforms
washed from the soil would be diluted by an excess of water, thus
resulting in a measurable value which would be much lower than
3300/100 ml.
Lake water samples were taken at the shoreline opposite each
test hole. Waves were moving north at this time. Results of
analyses on these samples are as follows:
Sample Point
Total Coliforms/100 ml
Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
A
60
2
B
20,000
no
C
13,000
20
It is interesting to note the dramatic increase in coliform
densities which occurs between point A and point B, all within
a distance of approximately 10 yards. The coliforms measured in

-------
36
the lake water at point C are apparently the result of wave
action moving to the north from point B.

-------
SELECTED REFERENCES
1.	Montana State Water Pollution Control Council, Water
Quality Standards for the Surface Waters of Montana.
Adopted June 5, 1967.
2.	Johns, Willis M., "Progress Report on Geologic Investigations
in the Kootenai-Flathead Area, Northwest Montana." State
of Montana, Bureau of Mines and Geology. Bulletin #42.
1964.
3.	Highsmith, Richard M. et al., "Atlas of the Pacific Northwest."
3rd Edition. Oregon State University Press. 1962.
4.	Geldreich, E. E., Sanitary Significance of Fecal Coliforms
in the Environment. Publication WP-20-3. United States
Department of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration. November 1966.
5.	Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
12th Edition. APHA, AWWA and WPCF. 1965.
6.	Geldreich, E. E. et al., "A Fecal Coliform Medium for the
Membrane Filter Technique." JAWWA 57:208. 1965.
7.	Geldreich, E. E. et al., "Type Distribution of Coliform
Bacteria in Feces of Warm Blooded Animals." JWPCF
34:295. March 1962.
8.	University of Montana, Yellow Bay Biological Station.
Unpublished data.
9.	Geldreich, E. E. et al.., "The Faecal Coli-aerogenes Flora
of Soils from Various Geographic Areas." J. Applied
Bacteriology. 25:87. 1962.

-------
APPENDIX A
DATA SUMMARIES

-------
40
TABLE 1
CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA - KALISPELL AIRPORT
Average* Temperature, Rainfall
Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Temperature** 19.5 25.2 32.4 43.8 52.3 59.2 58.7 65.4 55.7 45.7 33.0 24.6
Precipitation*** 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.7 2.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6



Survey Weather Data


Date
Maximum Wind
Speed (MPH) + Direction °
Temperature
Range °F
Cloud Cover

Inches, Rainfall
7-15-68
14 @
190°
48 - 72
Cloudy

Trace
7-16-68
10 @
170°
39 - 76
Cloudy

Trace
7-17-68
17 
290°
55 - 76
Clear - Pt.
Cloudy
0.3
7-18-68
13 @
160°
40 - 79
Clear - Pt.
Cloudy

7-19-68
17 @
250°
47 - 87
Clear - Pt.
Cloudy

7-20-68
17 @
180°
51 - 65
Cloudy

0.50
7-21-68
11 P 40°
43 - 76
Clear


7-22-68
15 @
350°
42 - 76
Clear


7-23-68
20 @
30°
49 - 75
Pt. Cloudy


7-24-68
15 @
350°
45 - 78
Pt. Cloudy


7-25-68
12 @
20°
50 - 79
Pt. Cloudy


7-26-68
17 @
20°
48 - 88
Clear


8-12-68
17 0 350°
42 - 83
Clear


8-13-68
16 @
10°
50 - 80
Cloudy


8-14-68
10 @
20°
58 - 67
Cloudy

0.50
8-15-68
9 @
170°
52 - 53
Cloudy

2.22
8-16-68
8 0
180°
46 - 70
Cloudy

0.29
8-17-68
14 @
150"
49 - 57
Mostly Cloudy
0.20
8-18-68
13 @
360°
54 - 66
CIoudy

0.25
8-19-68
12 Q
160°
42 - 68
Cloudy

0.55
8-20-68
9 @
240°
47 - 66
Pt. Cloudy

0.12
8-21-68
15 @
160°
50 - 65
Pt. Cloudy

0.44
8-22-68
12 0 140°
42 - 67
Mostly Cloudy
0.09
8-23-68
14 0
150°
-
Pt. Cloudy


~Based upon U. S. Weather Bureau Records 1925-1954
**Average Monthly Temperature in Degrees Farenheit
***Precio1tation in Inches

-------
TABLE 2
DAILY TOTAL COLIFORM COUNTS - NEAR SHORE STATIONS
TOTAL COLIFORMS/100 ml
Station #
8-12
8-13
8-14
8-15
8-16
8-17
8-18
8-21
8-22
8-23
1
830
240
160
110
340
240
3,300
1,300
78
1 ,700
2
16
42
36
62
46
12
4
20
8
28
3
14
4
110
--
24
570
50
120
90
18
4
20
6
10
—
2
52
54
100
2
<2
5
150
88
46
3,200
2,500
110
60
410
160
22
6
150
160
32
4,900
270
130
140
130
48
38
7
100
200
54
140
90
20
600
60
120
4
9
--
26
290
190
18
30
20
100
22
18
10
20
26
32
550
36
20
88
72
5,300
10
11
54
18
610
220
120
240
170
290
30
54
14
40
24
74
180
20
210
10
28
64
30
15
25,000
<100
7,500
400
1,800
800
48
2
240
40
16
2
14
18
2
90
20
RAIN 	
<2
6
	
2
8

-------
TABLE 2 (CONTJ
DAILY TOTAL COLI FORM COUNTS - NEAR SHORE STATIONS
COLIFORMS/TOO ml
Station #	8-12 8-13 8-14 8-15 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-21 8-22 8-23
17
4
94
12
14,000
240
82
72
70
18
22
18
<2
2
16
--
10
56
14
110
<2
4
19
30
270
90
26,000
1,000
2,300
90
50
70
400
20
34
66
58
2,000
90
48
12
12
36
2
21
46
340
40
84
62
2,100
28
250
38
20
32
20
<2
110
4,400
260
160
110
110
4
160
33
16
46
32
34
36
140
98
36
30
10

-------
TABLE 3
DAILY FECAL COLIFORM COUNTS - NEAR SHORE STATIONS
FECAL COLI FORMS/TOO ml
Station #	8-12 8-13 8-14 8-15 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-21 8-22 8-23
1
8
4
<2
4
2
10
70
62
14
14
2
2
<2
<2
2
2
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
3
<2
<2
<2
-
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
2
<2
2
-
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
5
2
2
2
24
2
6
<2
14
<2
<2
6
<2
<2
2
34
6
4
8
2
<2
<2
7
4
6
10
14
2
2
18
<2
<2
<2
9
-
6
6
4
4
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
10
<2
<2
<2
6
<2
4
52
<2
6
<2
11
6
<2
66
14
<2
4
14
10
<2
2
14
<2
<2
<2
2
<2
18
<2
6
2
<2
15
8
<2
<2
<2
2
56
2
<2
<2
<2
16
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
12
<2
<2
<2
<2

-------
TABLE 3 (CONT.)
DAILY FECAL COLIFORM COUNTS - NEAR SHORE STATIONS
FECAL COLIFORMS/100 ml
Station #	8-12 8-13 8-14 8-15 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-21 8-22 8-23
17
<2
<2
<2
16
<2
14
2
<2
<2
<2
18
2
<2
<2
-
<2
<2
6
<2
<2
<2
19
14
86
2
1,500
140
140
24
10
14
10
20
6
2
2
12
8
8
4
4
<2
<2
21
<2
64
<2
2
<2
>120
8
14
2
<2
32
4
<2
<2
2
2
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
33
<2
2
8
<2
2
14
4
<2
<2
<2

-------
TABLE 4
COMPARISON OF ARITHMETIC AVERAGES AND GEOMETRIC MEA
NEAR SHORE STATIONS
July Survey	August Survey
Total Coliforms/	Total Coliforms/
100 ml	100 ml
#	#	Geometric #	Geometric
Station
Samples
Average
Mean
Samples
Average
Mean
1
13
220
86
10
830
420
2
12
47
10
10
27
21
3
16
19
6
16
88
38
4
18
11
5
17
45
15
5
12
59
41
10
680
190
6
15
130
44
10
600
150
7
13
97
55
10
140
74
9
14
86
33
9
79
44
10
13
39
20
10
620
68
11
12
53
26
10
180
110
14
12
47
24
10
68
44
15
9
37,000
2,500
29
8,300
290
16
12
56
10
11
16
8
17
12
52
17
10
,1 ,500
69
18
18
26
9
18
19
8
19
14
230
88
10
3,000
300
20
13
60
42
10
240
40
21
12
560
76
10
300
90
32
15
130
23
10
530
76
33
10
150
24
10
48
37

-------
46
TABLE 5
COMPARISON OF ARITHMETIC AVERAGES AND GEOMETRIC MEANS
NEAR SHORE STATIONS
July Survey	August Survey
Fecal Coliforms/	' Fecal Coliforms/
100 ml	100 ml
# # Geometric	§ Geometric
Station
Samples
Average
Mean
Samples
Average
Mean
1
13
58
11
10
19
9
2
12
4
3
10
2
2
3
16
2
2
16
2
2
4
18
5
3
17
3
2
5
12
6
3
10
6
4
6
15
8
4
10
6
4
7
13
10
5
10
6
4
9
14
6
4
9
3
3
10
13
6
3
10
8
4
11
12
8
3
10
12
6
14
12
6
4
10
4
3
15
9
58
17
29
59
4
16
12
3
2
11
3
2
17
12
2
2
10
5
3
18
18
2
2
18
2
2
19
14
28
10
10
190
35
20
13
13
7
10
5
4
21
12
25
5
10
22
6
32
15
4
3
10
2
2
33
10
4
3
10
4
3

-------
TABLE 6
COMPARISON OF TOTAL COLIFORMS FOUND IN SURFACE VS DEPTH SAMPLES
TOTAL COLIFORMS/100 ml
Station #
Depth Ft.
7-17
7-19
7-22
7-24
7-25
8-12
8-14
8-17
8-23
3
0.5
4
10
—
<2
100
20
--
--
18
3
5.0
2
2
—
<2
2
14
—
—
70
4
0.5
20
4
4
<2
20
150
26
46

4
5.0
22*
<2
<2
<2
2
20
10
90

15
0.5
20
2
—
1,100
>800
<2
2,200
--
—
15
10.5
4
<2
—
38
88
>8,000
70
—
—
18
0.5
44
16
2
10
20
<2
—
10
4
18
5.0
6
<2
<2
10
44
2
—
22
10
~Average of two values

-------
TABLE 7
COMPARISON OF FECAL COLI FORMS FOUND IN SURFACE MS DEPTH SAMPLES
FECAL COLIFORMS/lOO ml
Station # Depth Ft. 7-17 7-19 7-22 7-24 7-25	8-12	8-14 8-17 8-23
3 0.5 <2 2 — <2	2	<2	- — <2
3	5.0 <2 <2 — <2	<2	<2	— — <2
4	0.5 2 <2 <2 <2	6	8	2 <2 <2
4 5.0 <2 <2 <2 <2	<2	2	<2 2 <2
15 0.5 <2 <2 4 <2	6	<2	<2
15 10.0 <2 <2 <2 <2	<2	<2	<2
18	0.5	2 <2 <2	4 <2	2	2 <2 <2
18	5.0	<2	2 <2	2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2

-------
49
TABLE 8
TOTAL COLIFORM RESULTS - POLSON SPECIAL	SAMPLE RUN
TOTAL COLIFORMS/100 ml
100 Yards* TOO Feet 100 Yards	100 Yards*	100 Yards*
Shoreline* West of Out From Out From	East of	West of
Date Motel	A&W A&W* A & VJ A&W	A&W	Tee Point Tee Point*
7-24-68 120 200 590 — <10	2	<2 4
7-25-68 300 490 2,400 150 —	14	<2 6
7-26-68 130 170 4,200 1,200 —	340	16 380
*Taken 10 Feet From Shore
TABLE 9
FECAL COLIFORM RESULTS - POLSON SPECIAL SAMPLE RUN
FECAL COLIFORMS/lOO ml
100 Yards* 	100 Feet 100 Yards 100 Yards* 100 Yards*
Shoreline* West of Out From Out From
Date Motel	A&W A&W* A&W	A & W
7-24-68 10	10	140
7-25-68 32	24	190	10
7-26-68 16	H	250 210
East of
West of

A&W
Tee Point
Tee
<2
2
<2
2
<2
<2
16
<2
4
*Taken 10 Feet From Shore

-------
TABLE 10
DAILY TOTAL COLIFORM COUNTS
SWAN RIVER
Total Coliforms/100 ml*
Location	8-18 8-20 8-21 8-22 8-23
Steel Bridge Below Power
House	64 70 16 60 56
Highway #34 Bridge	1,300 36 30 50 50
North 1/3 of River,
100 Yards West of
Outfall	62 2,100 10 90 <2
Midstream, 100 Yards West
of Outfall	64 150 42 20 32
South 1/3 of River, 100
Yards West of Outfall	140 90 44 30 38
RAIN
*A11 Samples Taken at Surface
TABLE 11
DAILY FECAL COLIFORM COUNTS
SWAN RIVER
Fecal Coliforms/100 ml*
Location	8-18 8-20 8-21 8-22 8-23
Steel Bridge Below Power
House	14 4 2 <2 <2
Highway #34 Bridge	16 12 6 6 2
North 1/3 of River,
100 Yards West of
Outfall	10 18 <2 <2 <2
Midstream, 100 Yards West
of Outfall	20 8 <2 <2 <2
South 1/3 of River, 100
Yards West of Outfall	28 2 4 <2 <2
-	RAIN—-
*A11 Samples Taken at Surface

-------
51
TABLE 12
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIES
Population
Municipality Population Served Treatment
Est. Flow
MGD Remarks
Kalispell	10,151
Kalispell Air
Force Station,
Lakeside	200
Big Fork	500
Poison	2,315
11,000
200
100
Primary &
Chlorination
Imhoff Tank
& Lagoons
Secondary &
Chlorination
2,300 Lagoons
2.0
0.02
0.02
0.3
Storm Water
Combined
Storm Water
Combined

-------
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE STATION DESCRIPTIONS

-------
:ati
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
14
15
15A
TABLE 1
SAMPLE POINT LOCATIONS OF
NEAR SHORE STATIONS
Location
Approximate Depth
Sampling Point	At Point
Riverside Swimming
Area
West End - Highway
#93 Bridge - Poison
Queen's Bay
Indian Bay
Walstead Park
Flathead Lake
State Park
Dayton
Lakeside Public
Beach
West Shore State
Park
Bailey's Landing,
Somers
Wood's Bay
Cape Montana
Cape Montana
Foot of Boat Dock
6-12 in.
North Side of Bridge	2 ft.
20 Yards from West	8 ft.
Shore
20 Yards from South-	8 ft.
east Shore
From Shoreline	3-6 in.
Foot of Boat Dock	6-12 in,
Large Dock - South 6-12 in,
Side of Town
Foot of Dock	6-12 in.
Foot of Dock	6-12 in.
Boat Launching Ramp 3-6 in.
Thunderbird Gas	6-12 in,
Station Dock
20 Yards Offshore - 7 ft.
Ladyvilie Beach
Shoreline - Front	3-6 in.
of Commissary

-------
a t i
16
17
18
19
20
21
30
32
33
55
TABLE 1 (CONT.)
SAMPLE POINT LOCATIONS OF
NEAR SHORE STATIONS
Location
Approximate Depth
Sampling Point	At Point
Yellow Bay
Biological Station
Blue Bay
Restaurant
Finley Point
State Park
Ducharme Fishing
Access
Poison Golf
Course
Shoreline Motel
Somers Water
Pumphouse
Big Arm View
Trailer Park
Boat Dock	6 ft.
Foot of Restaurant 3 ft.
Dock
20 Yards Offshore	6 ft.
Boat Launching Ramp 2-4 in.
Foot of Swimminq Dock 6 in.-2 ft.
North Side of Land 6 in.
Fill
200 ft. East of	6 in.
Pumphouse
Foot of Dock	6-12 in.
Ross Cabins
Foot of Dock
6-12 in.

-------
56
TABLE 2
SAMPLE POINT LOCATIONS OF
OFF SHORE STATIONS
Station #	Intersects	Approximate Depth in Feet
22
N
o
o
o
CO
W
114°07,30"
60
23
N
47°55'
W
114°07'30"
150
24
N
47°55'
W
114°02'30"
60
25
N
O
LO
O
W
l]4o17'30"
50
26
N
47°50'
W
114 °17'30"
200
27
N
47°501
W
114°02'30"
30
28
N
LO
O
W
114°07130"
20
29
N
47°45'
U
114°02'30"
60

-------
57
TABLE 3
SAMPLE POINT LOCATIONS OF
RIVERS AND STREAMS
Station # Location
Sampling Point
Approximate Depth
	At Point	
8
8A
8B
12
13
31
34
35
36A
36B
36C
37
Stoner Creek
Stoner Creek
Stoner Creek
Flathead River
Swan River (Big
Fork State Park)
Swan River (Big
Fork Public Beach)
"Government Drain"
100 Yards West of
Jim's Marina
Swan River
(Beneath Highway
#35 Bridge)
Swan River, 100
Yards Downstream
Big Fork Outfall
Swan River, 100
Yards Downstream,
Big Fork Outfall
Swan River, 100
Yards Downstream,
Big Fork Outfall
Swan River,
Beneath Bridge at
Base of Power Plant
West Entrance of	2 ft.
Culvert at Mouth
1/4 Mile Upstream,	2-4 in.
A. F. Station
1/4 Mile Downstream, 2-4 in.
A. F. Station
East Side - Fisherman's 3-6 in.
Bridge - Highway #208
At Shoreline
Base of Dock
50,Yards Upstream
From Mouth
Midstream
North 1/3
Midstream
South 1/3
Midstream
3-6 in.
2 ft.
2-4 in,

-------