-------
COMPARISON OF THE LEVELS
OF
VOLATILE ORGANICS
IN
GROUND AND SURFACE WATER SUPPLIES
BASED ON FEDERAL DATA
-------
TRICHLOROETHVLENE
ci2c = i;hoi
SUIIFACE
WATEI1
SUPPlIES
32.3%
GltOUND
WATfcH
SUPPLIES
36%
%
%
so
uo
70
so
60
40
30
JO
10
0
MD
GROUND
n= 26
M 110
SURFACE
10 40
>10
n= 133
<10 14 4 10
GROUND & SURFACE
10 40
-40
n = 30
ND
<10
1 4
4 10
10 40
•40
12
-------
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
40
30
20
10
0
SURFACE
water
SUPPhES
44.8%
GliOUND
WATER
SUPPLIES
23.7%
CC1
%
%
%
90
BO
70
60
60
40
30
20
10
0
SO
ao
70
60
60
40
30
20
10
0
90
ao
70
60
60
40
iO
20
10
0
GROUND
NO
10
14 410
SURFACE
jam.
n= 39
10 40
>40
it = 181
(2)
NO <10 14 4 10
GROUND & SURFACE
10 40
-40
n = 32
NU
<10
I 4
4 10
10 40
'40
13
-------
TETRACHLOItOIETHYLENE
%
%
%
SURFACE
WATER
SUlVllES
24.4%
GltOUND
WATEII
SUPPLIES
26%
uu
uo
70
GU
6(1
40
30
^0
10
0
UO
no
70
60
t>0
40
30
20
10
0
90
eo
70
60
60
40
30
20
10
0
GROUND
n = 36
(3)
<10
14 4 10
SURFACE
10 40
>40
it = 180
(211
<10 14 4 10
GROUND £l SURFACE
10 40
>40
n= 32
(12)
NO
<10
1 4
4 10
10 40
>40
l'l
-------
1, 2-DICHLOROIETHANE
CII2CICIIjCI
SUnFACE
WATEn
SUl'I'lliS
4.6%
GHOUND
WATEn
SUPI'l IES
4%
%
%
%
BO
UO
70
bO
60
40
30
20
1U
0
90
UO
70
60
UO
40
JO
20
10
0
80
eo
70
60
60
40
30
20
10
0
GROUND
n = 26
NO
-<10 14 4 10
SURFACE
10 4a
>40
II - 133
(1)
nuu
:10 14 4 10
GROUND a SURFACE
10 40
-40
n — 30
NO
<1 0
1 4
4 10
10 40
-40
IS
-------
SUIII-ACE
WATER
SUWl'lES
21.»%
1, 1, 1-TRICI-ftLOKOlHTHANE
CljC - C»i3
*
mm
;g}$&
GltOUND
IVATEH
SUPPLIES
21.7%
%
%
%
•JO
(10
70
60
60
40
30
20
10
0
•JO
UU
;o
60
60
40
JO
20
10
0
1)0
uo
70
bO
bO
40
30
20
10
0
GROUND
n = 2l
(21
Nf>
0
14 4 10
SURFACE
10 40
>40
n = 133
171
ND <10 14 4 10
GROUND ft SURFACE
10 40
-40
n= 30
ND
<1 0
1 4
4 10
10 40
'40
16
-------
1, 1-DICHLOIIOETHANE
CI|CI2- CMi
SURFACE
WAIEJ1
SUPPLIES
2.9%
UnOUND
WATEII
SUPPLIES
23.1%
%
%
%
90
BO
70
60
60
40
30
20
10
0
30
uo
70
60
60
40
30
20
10
0
90
80
70
60
60
40
30
20
10
0
m
<10
ND
GROUND
i) — 13
14 4 10
SURFACE
10 40 >40
n= 103
<10 14 4 10
GROUND & SURFACE
10 40
>40
it = 14
ND
<1 0
14
4 10
10 40
•40
\7
-------
TRANS
,-;V <•
: < 'i V/'; ;
SUilFACE
WAIER
SUPPLIES
0%
(¦HOUND
WATEII
SUPPLIES
16.4%
DICHLOROETHYLENE
%
%
%
80
80
JO
to
60
40
30
20
10
0
GROUND
14 4 10
SURFACE
ND
n = 13
10 40 >40
n = 103
<10 14 4 10
GROUND £l SURFACE
10 40
-40
n - 14
Nl>
<10
I 4
4 10
10 40
'40
18
-------
CIS - DICHl-OROETHYLENE
bUhi-ACE
WATEfl
SUPI'llkS
4.9%
(illOUNIi
WATEil
SUPI'I its
30.0%
%
%
%
no
eu
70
bU
t(J
4 (J
3 (J
iO
10
0
NO
NO
GnOUND
n= 13
14 4 10
SURFACE
10 40
>40
:10 14 4 10
GROUND h SURFACE
10 40
:io 14
4 io 104a
19
n = 103
-40
n = 14
-40
-------
1,1 DICHLOROETHYLENE
tn
%
%
%
sunt-ACE
WATER
sumies
1.9%
UIIOUNIJ
WATEIi
summies
7.7%
9U
eu
70
60
CO
40
JO
JO
10
0
GROUND
H — 13
14 4 10
SURFACE
1U 40
>40
it = 103
NO <10 14 4 10
GROUND £* SURFACE
10 40
• 40
i) — 14
NO
<1 0
1 4
4 10
10 40
>40
20
-------
METHVLEIUIiCHLORIDE
CIIjCIj
hIJIIFACE
SUf'Pl.lES
18%
GHOUNO
WATEI1
SUf'I'UES
2.6%
%
%
%
ao
uo
70
bO
1.(1
40
JU
.'0
10
0
CI 0
GROUND
i»=3B
M aim
14 4 JU
SURFACE
10 40 >40
n = 17fl
-MtiSL
jsesa.
14 4 10
GROUND £t SURFACE
10 40
•40
n=32
ND
10
1 4
4 10
10 40
-40
21
-------
40
VIIMYLCHLORIDE
||2C = CIICI
30
20
10
0
SUHFACE
WATEn
SUPPLIES
2.3%
GIIOUND
WATER
StJPI'IIES
4.0%
%
%
%
BO
(10
70
60
EU
40
3U
20
10
0
SO
eo
?o
61)
bU
40
Jll
20
10
(1
DO
BU
70
611
bO
40
30
20
10
0
GROUND
n= 25
• <10 14 4 10
SURFACE
10 40
>40
n = 133
NO <10 14 4 10
GROUND Et SURFACE
10 40
-40
11 = 30
NO
<10
1 4
4 10
10 40
>40
r?
-------
groundwater data
AVAILABLZ FROM STATS AGZI1CIES
-------
HOT SPOTS
Intensive stats investigation of localized ground water
contamination pronlans.
Examples:
St. Louis Park, Jlinnesota
wells closed as early as 1930's (phenols -?NA)
Jackson Township, Mew Jersey
100 wells closed
near dump (TCZ -
1000 ug/1
Denver, Colorado
64 wells affected
by pesticide di
sposal.
Numoer
of Hot Spots known:
MA
44 IL
3
SC 1
CT
16 CA
3
CO 2
?A
23 Mr
3
'-ID 1
}rr
12- TN
3
DE 1
NJ
9 PL
2
IN 1
MN
4 NC
2
TX 1
NH
4 ME
2
MO 1
RI
4 WA
1
AL 1
24
-------
Summary of Stat = Data
CHCMrrA.
i States
Tested
t Wells
T= ST = !3
* Posmv?
Max- ug/l
Trichloroethylene
3
2894
28
35,000
Carbon Tetrachloride
4
1659
10
379
Tetrachloroethylene
5
1652
14
50
1, 2-0 r chloroethane
2
1212
7
400
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
3
1611
23
2,250
1,1-Dichloroethane
9
785
18
11,330
Dichloroethylenes (3)
8
781
23
860
Methylenechloride
10
1183
2
3,600
Vinyl Chloride
9
1033
7
380
•Ratio of community wells
TO PRIVATE
WELLS IS
mot known-
25
-------
Ground Water Data Reportedly Availa3L£
From State Agencies*
Tr F CHLORQETHYLENE
# Wells Tested % Positive
New Jersey 411 27
Alabama 80 10
Connecticut 1,200 2
Delaware 19 79
Idaho 9 II
Kentucky 22 0
Maime 89 0
Massachusetts 16J 36
V!s'v Hampshire 5 17
N- Carolina 44- 18
Rhode Island 88 22
S- Carolina 4 0
$• Dakota 1 0
Tennessee 50 14
VIRGIn r A 1 100
Washington 6 33
New York 372 13
Florida 329 33
Pennsylvania ? ?
*20 States have not tested for this chemical-
25
-------
Ground
Water Data Reportedly Available
from State Agencies*
Carbon Tetrachlori
'i Wells Tested
7 Posr
Alabama
30
0
Connecticut
1,200
7
Florida
329
50
Kentucky
22
5
Maine
89
0
Massachusetts
153
0
Mew Hampshire
6
0
New Jersey
411
23
.'Jew York
37Z
0
M. Carolina
44-
0
Pennsylvania
7
7
Rhode Islantj
88
0
S- Carolina
4
0
S» Dakota
1
0
Tennessee
50
8
*24 States have not tested for this chemical-
27
-------
Ground Wat;ia Pat; Reportedly Available
F9QM STATE AGENCIES*
Tetrachloroethylene
# Wells Tested 1 Positive
Alabama 30 4
Connecticut 1,200 ?
Florida 329 20
Idaho 9 1
Kentucky 22 0
Maine 89 0
Massachusetts 163 19
Hew Hampshire 5 0
New Jersey 411 11
Mew York 372 IS
M- Carolina 44- 5
Pennsylvania 40 48
Rhode Island 88 ?
S- Carolina 4 0
S« Dakota 1 0
Tennessee 50 2
Washington 32 34
*22 States have not tested for this chemical-
28
-------
Ground Wat=r Data Reportedly Ava[la3le
from Stat; AGgNcrgs*
1.?-QrCHLOROgTHANE
# Wells Tested % Positive
Alabama
80
7
«~
Delaware
15
73
Florida
329
15
Kentucky
22
0
Ma i ne
39
0
Massachusetts
163
3
New Jersey
411
2
fJ. Carolina
W
7
Pennsylvania
7
7
S- Carolina
4
25
S- Dakota
1
0
Tennessee
50
8
Washington
4
0
#26 States have not tested for this chemical-
29
-------
Ground Water Data Reportedly Available
from State Agencies*
1 • 1 ¦ 1 ~T^ ! CHLQROETHANS
# Wf; i.s Tested 7, Positive
Alabama
30
10
Connecticut
1,200
?
Florida
329
15
Idaho
9
11
Kentucky
22
0
Maine
39
18
Massachusetts
163
21
New Hampshire
6
0
Mew Jersey
411
48
New York
372
9
N. Carolina
2
Pennsylvania
7
7
Rhode Island
88
7
S- Carolina
4
0
Tennessee
50
26
Washington
32
69
•24 States have not tested for this chemical-
30
-------
Ground Water Data Reportedly Availasle
from State Agencies*
1 ¦ 1-DtCHI QRQgTHAMg
.3 Wfi i.s Tested 1 Positive
Alabama 80 8
Florida 329 36
Kentucky 22 0
Maine 89 0
Massachusetts 163 1
M. Carolina 44 14
Pennsylvania ? ?
S- Carolina- 4- 0
Tennessee 50 25
Washington 4 0
*29 States have not tested for this chemical-
31
-------
Ground Water Data Reportedly Available
from State Agencies*
DrCHLOROFTHYLENFS
# Wells Tested % Posftive
Alabama
80
10
Florida
329
38
Kentucky
22
0
Maine
89
0
Massachusetts
163
8
North Carolina
W
45
Pennsylvania
0
t
?
S* Carolina
4
50
Tennessee
50
26
*29 States have not tested for this chemical-
32
-------
(iroiinn Water
Data Reportedly Ava
[ LA 3LE
pwh
State Agencies*
Methylene Chloride
# Wells Tested
I Post-
Alabama
80
0
Delaware
9
56
Florida
329
1
Ma i me
89
0
Massachusetts
163
2
Mew Jersey
411
0
M- Carolina
44
18
Pennsylvania
7
?
S. Carolina
4
0
Tennessee
50
8
Washington
4
0
*11 States have mot tested for this chemical-
33
-------
Ground Water Data Reportedly Available
from State Agencies *
Vinyl Chloride
* WgLLs Tested % Positive
Alabama 80 1
Florida 329 16
Kentucky 22 0
Maine 89 0
New Jersey 411 0
N« Carolina 44 34
Pennsylvania ?¦ ?
S- Carolina 4- 0
Tennessee 50 6
Washington 4 0
*29 States have not tested for this chemical*
34
-------
EXAMPLE OF INFORMATION
AVAILABLE FROM SOME STAXSS
-------
Reported Findings in Nfew Jersey Ground
Water Survey ~ Partial
If OF
Samples Chemical % Positive
i TR1 BUT I ON (llO/l.)
io-if(r>nro
399 Chloroform 35 337 52 5 3
393 Bromoform 'I 390 2 1 0
227 Dibromochloromethane 8 226 1
ViiLAlLLtS.
397
39<|
39'l
39'l
397
391
399
397
717
396
397
,1,2-Trichloroethylene
,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
,\j2-Trichloroethane
Carbon Tetrachloride
1,2-Dibromomethane
1,2-Dichloromethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylenp
Dichlorobenzene
Trichlorobenzene
Iodomethane
73
337
<11
15
1
6
393
1
10
376
17
1
2'|
335
57
1
1
391
2
'1
2
387
4
1
66
203
I'll
55
1
23
3'|8
31
15
1
710
'1
3
3
383
10
3
12
395
2
Iiie following
ME MIOXYCHLOR,
CHEMICALS were NOT FOUND: METHYL CHLORIDE, METHYL
METHYLENE CHLORIDE, TR|FLUOROMETHANE, TOXAPHENE-
BROMIDE, VINYL CHLORIDE,
36
-------
The Ten Most Commonly |:qund Organic Chemicals
Detected in New Yqrk Pupmc Water System Wells - 10/78
WELLS WELLS PERCENT MAXIMUM LEVEL
CONTAMINANTS
TESTE!)
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
DETECTED (ug/i )
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
39
36
92
170.0
Toluene
39
33
85
10.0
Di-n-butyi. phthalate
39
21
51
170-0
Tkichloroethylene
39
T8
'16
19-0
Ethylbenzene
39
17
11
10.0
Diethyl phthalate
39
13
33
1*6
Trichlorofluoromethane
39
U
28
13-0
Anthracene/Pmenanthrene
39
7
18
21-0
Benzene
39
a
15
9.6
Butyl benzyl phthalate
39
5
13
38-0
37
-------
Organic Chemicals Detecteu in Community Water
Supply Wells Nassau County, New York - V28/78
Wells Weh-S Percent Maximum Level
Contaminant TESTED POSITIVE PoaiXLVE lifXECTEl) (llfi/lJ
Ietrachloroethylene
372
57
15
375
1,1,2-Trichloroethylene
372
50
13
300
Chloroform
372
U
87
1,1, 1-Triciiloroethane
372
33
9
310
Carbon Tetrachloride
372
20
5
21
Trifluorotrichloroethane
372
'1
1
135
38
-------
DATA 3EING DEVELOPED
III
1980
-------
Future Sources of Data on
Qrgamics in Ground Water
Federal Programs
ODW RURAL SURVEY
ODW COMMUNITY SURVEY
OTS Aldicars survey
OTS DBCP
OTS 5 CITY SURVEY
ORD exposure assessment
State Programs
Delaware
Connecticut State-wide ground water programs underway
Massachusetts
California
*1 Ground water unknown-
100 samples Feb• 1980
70 samples March 1980
50 samples April 1980
500 samples June 1980
1,200 samples Feb- 1981
100 samples April 1980
230 samples August 1980
105 samples* May 1980
50 samples July 1980
1,000 samples*- In planmtvg
^0
-------
Comparison of Samples Available in
the Rural Survey and Users of Groundwater
Size of Estimated Mo- of
Pop. Served No- in U.S. Sample?
Private Wells
1-5 homes 10,000,000 1,298
Community Supplies
25- 99 19,205
100- 499 13,361
500- 999 a,158
1,000- 2,499 4-, 339 622
2,500- '4,999 1,519
S,000- 9,999 1,355
10,000- 99,000 1,196
100,000-1 MILLION 66
Over 1 million 1
41
-------
Characteristics of the Ground Water
Samples from the Rural Survey
Regional Distribution
Z U.S. Pop-
using Public
GW Supplies
Region I
Region II
Region [II
Region IV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Region VI11
Region IX
Region X
Selected States (worst case)
Alaska
California
Florida
Hawai i
Texas
Puerto Rico
Wyoming
1
32
1 9
X/o
42
162
182
16%
72
52
172
32
• 051
132
82
1-2%
t
Z SAMPLES
Rural Survey
62
n
m
m
222
112
92
32
HZ
42
n
3%
32
• 63T
• 2%
42
-------
pQPIII AT! ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SAMPLES FROM
thf Community Water Supply Study
Population * Samples Estimated
Served Collected i 6•W•
25- 99 55 53
100- 499 129 90
500- 999 64 44
1,000- 2,499 79 55
2,500- 4,999 39 27
5,000- 9,999 39 27
10,000-99,999 56 46
^3
-------
Population Characteristics of Groundwater
Samples Present and Future
% Systems
Tested
Including
Population
Ser^EQ
# Systems
IN U-S-
# Systems
Fed- Pata
# Systems
Coqti- SURVEY*
% Systems
Teste!)
Rural Water
Survey
25- 99
19,205
0
38
•2
)
100- '199
13,361
0
90
'7 (
>
500- 999
1,168
0
11
1 * 1 (
.9*"
1,000- 2,199
1,339
I
55
1.3 3
2,500- 1,999
1,619
2
27
1-8
1.8
5,000- 9,999
1,355
\
27
2-1
2-1
10,00- 99,999
1,196
15
16
5.1
5.1
100,000-1 MILLION
66
20
0
30-3
.30.3
Over 1 million
1
0
0
0
0
Total
15,310
39
327
• 8X
2.2%
"Estimate
•"Complete population
breakdown
AVAILABLE IN
August-
VI
-------
1980 Plans for Examining Volatile
Organics in Drinking Water Wells'1
: ST 1 GAT I ONS
.OMMUNITV
Systematic Sampling
Private
Connecticut
Ma i ne
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
California
New jersey
Pennsylvania
Maryland
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Community
X
X
X
X
?
?
X
Remarks
Over 1200 samples- ai l
communities tested by
April 1980
All communities tested
jn.1978 (-TIIMs&selected
VOLATILES)
1,000 samples-Nov- 1980
1-2000 samples-April 1980
Large amount of data
available from cancer
& TOXICS PROGRAM
Maybe
Limited sampling
2-75,000 pop-
16-8,500 pop-
Telephone contacts of States reportedly having active programs-
'15
-------
Summary - Data Availability
Volatile? in Drinking Water Wells
Federal State
Surveys Surveys
March 1980 209 1,000 - >3,000
November 1980 2,341 3,000 - >5,000
46
Total 2,550 4,000 - >8,000
-------
FlNDINGS
- Qrganics in Ground Water
Data on the occurrence of organics other than selected
volatiles in ground water are nil*
Federal Surveys:
MOMS. SR T. MORS. Rest on V - limited number of sampling sites,
weighted toward larger COMMUNITIES.
Rurai Survey - will help TO CHARACTERIZE VERY SMALL
COMMUNITIES; NO DATA FROM 3 STATES-
Community Survey - will help to characterize intermediate
SIZE COMMUNITIES*
State Surveys:
Some sampling in 19 States-
Most of the data is from Connecticut, Florida, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Jersey and Rhode Island-
Additional data may be available in Texas and California-
The frequency of finding- volatile organics is similar in
G-fiOUND WATER AND SURFACE WATER*
The maximum- concentrations found in ground water are
HIGHER THAN THOSE FOUND IN SURFACE WATERS-
Several volatile organics are found more frequently in
FINISHED SURFACE WATER THAN IN RAW WATER-
47
-------
REC0MIIENM1IOMS
DaIA fi£H£MXiM
Data Analysis
Initiate sampling for other
HIGH PRIORITY ORGANICS IN
GROUND WATER
Compile ahu evaluate raw data
FROM SjATp PROGRAMS
Complete the analysis (VOA)
OF COMMUNITY SAMPLES FROM THE
RURAL SURVEY
Expedite the analysis of GW
SAMPLES FROM THE COMMUNITY
SURVEY
Initiate limited sampling for
VOLATILES FROM SELECTED STATES AND
INTERMEDIATE SIZE COMMUNITIES
Refine the analysis to
DETERMINE TfiE EFFECT OF
PIFFERENT TREATMENT REGIMES
Continue MCL development for:
Trichloroethylene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Tetrachloroetiiylene
l,l,l~TRICIILORQETIIANE
Continue a review 10 determine
if national MCL are needed for
OTHER VOLATILES
48
-------