NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH CENTER
CORVALLIS, OREGON
PROGRAM COORDINATION
AND ORIENTATION MEETING
MARCH 10-14, 1974
Salishan Lodge
Gleneden Beach, Oregon
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
1.
Alaska Environmental Research Laboratory
Section
2.
Grosse lie Laboratory
Section
3.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory
Section
4.
National Ecological Research Laboratory
Section
5.
National Marine Water Quality Laboratory
Section
6.
National Water Quality Laboratory
Section
7.
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
Section
8.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Section
9.
Southeast Environmental Research Laboratory
-------
Section 1.
ALASKA ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
-------
ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
DIRECTOR: RICHARD W. LATIMER
MISSION
THE LABORATORY HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROVIDING THE DATA
NECESSARY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN COLD CLIMATE AREAS. THIS
INCLUDES (A) CONDUCTING RESEARCH ON THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
COLD DOMINATED ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR INDIGENOUS ORGANISMS AND CON-
DUCTING STUDIES RELATING TO THE EFFECTS OF MAN-INDUCED FACTORS ON
ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS. (B) CONDUCTING RESEARCH INCLUDING
DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNOLOGY, NECESSARY FOR THE CON-
TROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN COLD CLIMATE
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
THE LABORATORY WAS ONE OF SEVEN AUTHORIZED BY CONGRESS IN THE
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1961 (P.L. 87-88) AND
REAUTHORIZED AS SEC. 104 (e) (P.L. 92-500) IN 1972. THE LEGISLATION
RECOGNIZES THAT THERE ARE UNIQUE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION IN COLD CLIMATE AREAS THAT CAN BEST BE SOLVED THROUGH A
LABORATORY PROGRAM IN ALASKA.
SEC. 113 (P.L. 92-500) AUTHORIZED THE "ALASKA VILLAGE DEMONSTRATION
PROJECTS" TO "DEMONSTRATE METHODS TO PROVIDE FOR CENTRAL COMMUNITY FACIL-
ITYS FOR SAFE WATER AND ELIMINATION OR CONTROL OF POLLUTION IN THOSE
NATIVE VILLAGES OF ALASKA WITHOUT SUCH FACILITIES." THESE PROJECTS RE-
QUIRE A WIDE RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS AND PROVIDE THE
BASIS FOR TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH APPLICATION IN ALASKA.
THE GENERALLY PRISTINE ENVIRONMENTS IN ALASKA AND THE TECHNOLOGICAL
INOVATIONS NECESSARY TO PROTECT THESE ENVIRONMENTS WHILE DEVELOPING
NEEDED RESOURCES MAKES IT IMPERATIVE THAT THE AGENCY MAINTAIN A VIABLE
RESEARCH PROGRAM IN ALASKA.
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
STRONG EXPERTISE IN FRESHWATER AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING IN COLD CLIMATES.
RESEARCH IS IMPLEMENTED BY A BLEND OF INTRAMURAL AND EXTRAMURAL
RESOURCES.
FY 74 RESOURCES BY TASK TYPE
C
E
F
A
TOTAL
NUMBER
11
4
0
16
21
$1000s
391
280
0
651
1,322
% FUNDS
30
21
0
49
100
CURRENT PROGRAM AND RESOURCES
FY 74 FUNDS
($1QOOs)
346
100
876
TOTAL 1,322
FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
MARINE ECOLOGY
MUNICIPAL TECHNOLOGY
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
1. DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT
PROCESSES UNDER COLD CLIMATE CONDITIONS.
2. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PHENOMENA OF LOW WINTER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
IN ALASKAN RIVERS; ITS EXTENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS.
3. EVALUATION OF WASTEWATER DISINFECTION AT LOW TEMPERATURES
UTILIZING CHLORINE AND LIME.
4. DEVELOPMENT OF TOXICITY DATA FOR CRUDE OIL ON SOME INDIGENOUS
ALASKAN ORGANISMS AT LOW TEMPERATURES.
5. IDENTIFICATION OF AUTOMOTIVE EMISSIONS PRODUCED AT SUB-ZERO
TEMPERATURES FROM VARIOUS TYPES OF FUELS AND EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES.
6. DEVELOPMENT OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM MODEL FOR SUBARCTIC STREAMS.
7. DEMONSTRATION OF THE CENTRAL FACILITY CONCEPT FOR PROVIDING A
SAFE WATER SUPPLY, TOILETS, BATHING, LAUNDRY, AND WASTE DISPOSAL FOR
ALASKAN NATIVE VILLAGES.
8. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN COLD CLIMATE
ECOLOGY INCLUDING THE SURVIVAL OF ENTERIC BACTERIA IN RIVERS UNDER LOW
TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS.
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
THE RESEARCH PROGRAM AT THE ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
HAS IN THE PAST BEEN ORIENTED TOWARDS MEETING IMMEDIATE WASTE TREATMENT
NEEDS IN ALASKA AND BASELINE DATA COLLECTION FOR AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
UNIQUE ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS. THE PRESENT PROGRAM HAS EMPHA-
SIZED FATE AND EFFECT STUDIES OF VARIOUS POLLUTANTS FROM MANS ACTIVITIES
IN COLD CLIMATES AND APPLIED STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY TO MEET ENVIRON-
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN REMOTE RURAL COMMUNITIES. FUTURE RESEARCH WILL
BE HEAVILY ORIENTED TOWARDS THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF RESOURCE DEVELOP-
MENT (OIL, GAS, LUMBER, METALS, ETC.) IN THE ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC. ECO-
LOGICAL RESEARCH WILL HAVE TO MOVE INTO THE PREDICTIVE MODE IN ORDER TO
PROPERLY ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BEFORE IT OCCURS. ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING WILL CONTINUE TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN APPLYING TECHNO-
LOGICAL ADVANCEMENT TO COLD CLIMATE AREAS.
-------
ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
PROFESSIONAL STAFF
DISCIPLINE
BS
BA
MS
MA
PhD
TOTAL
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(Bacteriology, Aquatic Biology)
1
1
1
3
CHEMISTRY
(Analytical, Physical and Organic)
2
1
3
ENGINEERING
(Sanitary, Chemical, Mechanical
and Civi1)
5
5
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
(Soil Science)
1
1
OTHER
(History, Education and
Community Development)
2
2
TOTAL
7
1
2
2
2
14
-------
Section 2.
GROSSE ILE LABORATORY
-------
GROSSE ILE LABORATORY
DIRECTOR: TUDOR T. DAVIES
AS ONE OF GROSSE ILE LABORATORY'S MISSIONS, IT PLANS,
MANAGES AND CONDUCTS A RESEARCH PROGRAM TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT
OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON LARGE LAKES.
LARGE LAKES RESEARCH
CHIEF: NELSON A. THOMAS
SPEC IFICALLY, THE LARGE LAKES BRANCH PLANS AND CONDUCTS
FIELD, LABORATORY AND EXTRAMURAL STUDIES TO DEFINE THE BEHAVIOR
AND THE EFFECT OF POLLUTANTS ON LARGE LAKE SYSTEMS. STUDIES
DESCRIBE THE SYSTEM PROCESSES AND PROBLEMS PERTINENT TO THE
GREAT LAKES IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH A SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY CRITERIA AND WASTE
DISCHARGE CONTROL. THIS INCLUDES: CA) PREDICTIVE MODELS OF
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING POLLUTION
OF LARGE LAKES. (B) ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN THE
GREAT LAKES. (C) DETERMINE ECOLOGICAL STRESSES CAUSED BY POWER
GENERATING PLANTS IN LARGE LAKES. CD) DEVELOP GUIDELINES FOR
DREDGING OPERATIONS AND SPOIL DISPOSAL. ANOTHER IMPORTANT FUNC-
TION IS THE LABORATORY'S ASSOCIATION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT
COMMISSION RESEARCH ADVISORY BOARD AND UPPER LAKES REFERENCE
STUDIES.
-------
NEED AND SUPPORT LEGISLATION
THE PRIMARY BASIS FOR LARGE LAKES RESEARCH IS THE NEED TO PRO-
TECT AND ENHANCE WATER QUALITY, ESPECIALLY THE GREAT LAKES:
SECTION 104 (A) CD "..-CONDUCT AND PROMOTE THE COORDINATION
AND ACCELERATION OF RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS, ••-SURVEYS, AND STUDIES
RELATING TO THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, EXTENT, PREVENTION, REDUCTION, AND
ELIMINATION OF POLLUT I ON • • •11.
SECTION 104 (A) (2) "...RENDER TECHNICAL SERVICES TO POLLUTION
CONTROL AGENCIES•••".
SECTION 104 (A) (3) "CONDUCT•••PUBLIC INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING
THE POLLUTION OF ANY NAVIGABLE WATERS AND REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF
SUCH INVESTIGATIONS..-"
SECTION 104 (B) (6) "COLLECT AND DISSEMINATE•••BASIC DATA ON
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF VARYING WATER QUALITY-..".
SECTION 104 (F) "THE ADMINISTRATOR SHALL CONDUCT RESEARCH AND
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT WORK, AND MAKE STUDIES, WITH RESPECT TO THE
QUALITY OF THE WATERS OF THE GREAT LAKES, INCLUDING AN ANALYSIS OF
THE PRESENT AND PROJECTED FUTURE WATER QUALITY OF THE GREAT LAKES
UNDER VARYING CONDITIONS OF WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL."
TECHNICAL SUPPORT IS PROVIDED UNDER SECTION 108 (A) AND CD)
WHICH PROVIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION OF POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMS ON THE
GREAT LAKES.
IN ADDITION, THE NEED TO PROTECT AND ENHANCE GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
IS FURTHER EMPHASIZED IN "GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA" SIGNED BY PRESIDENT NIXON AND PRIME
MINISTER TRUDEAU ON APRIL 15, 1972.
SECTIONS SUPPORTING LARGE LAKES RESEARCH:
1. ANNEX 2 CONTROL PF PHOSPHORUS
10 - "-.-SHALL CONTINUE TO MONITOR THE EXTENT OF EUTROPHICA-
TION IN THE GREAT LAKES SYSTEM AND THE PROGRESS BEING MADE IN
REDUCING OR PREVENTING IT. THEY SHALL CONSULT PERIODICALLY
TO EXCHANGE THE RESULT OF RESEARCH AND TO PURSUE PROPOSALS
FOR ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS TO CONTROL EUTROPHI CAT ION".
2. TEXT OF REFERENCE TO THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION TO
STUDY POLLUTION PROBLEMS OF LAKE HURON AND LAKE SUPERIOR.
3. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A RESEARCH AD-
VISORY BOARD.
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
STRONG EXPERTISE IN THE RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN LARGE LAKES, ESPECIALLY THE FATE OF POLLUTANTS.
RESEARCH IS IMPLEMENTED THROUGH COOPERATIVE STUDIES WITH CANADIAN
AND UNITED STATES AGENCIES. THE LARGE LAKES RESEARCH IS MAINLY AN
EXTRAMURAL PROGRAM WITH A SMALL BUT IMPORTANT IN-HOUSE ACTIVITY.
FY RESOURCES BY TASK TYPE
TOTAL OF ALL
PROGRAM AREA
MAN YEARS
INHOUSE
$ %
CONTRACT
$ %
GRANTS
$ %
RESOURCES
$
%
2 5 ADS
Thermal
1.0
27
34
52
66
79
4
25ADX
Dredging
1.0
25
23
85
77
110
6
2 5 ADR
Nutrient
1.0
30
6
419
94
449
24
21AKP
Modeling
1.7
223
43
300
57
523
28
21BAZ
Reference Studies
0
106
15
50
7
556
78
712
38
Technical Services
.3
13
100
13
424
22%
50
3%
1412
75%
1886
-------
LARGE LAKES BRANCH
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT DATE
IFY6L
PUBLISH ANNUAL REPORTS
ALL FIELD WORK COMPLETED
DATA 50% ANALYZED
COARSE GRID NUTRIENT-CHLOROPHYLL MODEL
THERMAL
ISSUED FISH EGG ENTRAINMENT REPORT FOR
TWO POWER PLANTS
ISSUED ZOOPLANKTON ENTRAINMENT REPORT
MONROE, MICHIGAN POWER PLANT
DREDGING
FINAL REPORT ON IMPACT
ANNUAL REPORT ON CHEMISTRY
NUTRIENTS
ALGAL ASSAY LAKE MICHIGAN 10-1-73
TRANSMITTED VIA SATELLITE FROM LAKE ERIE -
DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND WATER TEMPERATURE DATA 12"1"73
IJC
RESEARCH ADVISORY BOARD ANNUAL REPORT
PREPARED 1973 LAKE ERIE WATER QUALITY
SECTION OF THE QUALITY BOARD REPORT
ICMSE
ISSUED PROCEEDINGS 12-1-73
UPPER LAKES REFERENCE STUDY
2-30-74
7-1-73
1-1-74
1-1-74
5-1-72
9-1-73
3-1-74
3-1-74
1-15-74
1-25-74
PREPARED LOCAL EFFECTS REPORTS AND
PROJECT SUMMARIES
1-8-74
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
THE RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY THE LARGE LAKES PROGRAM HAS PRO-
DUCED DATA FOR THE FORMULATION OF AN EUTROPHI CAT I ON MATHEMATICAL
MODEL FOR LAKE ONTARIO. THESE MODELS WILL BE MODIFIED TO SIMU-
LATE CHANGES IN WASTE DISCHARGES AND THE RESULTANT EFFECT FOR
THE OTHER GREAT LAKES.
STUDIES WILL BE CONDUCTED TO PROVIDE VERIFICATION OF THE
SIMULATIONS AND TO PROVIDE MORE DEFINITIVE KINETIC DATA FOR THE
MODELS.
PROGRAMS WILL BE MAINTAINED ON LAKE ERIE AND DEVELOPED
FOR THE OTHER LAKES TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRIENT
CONTROL MEASURES IMPLEMENTED ON THE GREAT LAKES. AN INCREASED
EMPHASIS WILL BE PLACED ON THE STUDY OF THE FATE AND EFFECT OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND THE DETERMINATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF
RURAL AND DIFFUSE SOURCE POLLUTANT INPUTS.
ACTIVITIES WILL BE CONTINUED ON DEVELOPING CRITERIA FOR
THERMAL DISCHARGES TO LARGE LAKES. THE PROGRAM WILL CONTINUE TO
CONDUCT RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF DREDGING AND DREDGED SPOILS
DISPOSAL.
-------
GROSSE ILE LABORATORY - LARGE LAKES BRANCH
DISCIPLINE
PROFESS
MARC
ONAL STAFF
1974
OS
OA
MBA
MS
MA
DVM
BIOLOGICAL
AND
AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES
(Bacteriology, Botany,
Entomology, Physiology,
Radiation Biology. Soil
Microbiology, Zoology)
(Analytical, Biochemistry,
CHEMISTRY Organic, Pharmaceutical,
Physical)
(Aerospace. Chemical,
Civil, Electrical, Environmental,
ENGINEERING Industrial, Mechanical,
Melallurgical, Nuclear,
Sanitary)
1
(Environmental Health,
Epidemiology. Medicine,
HEALTH FIELDS Pathology,Pharmacology,
Radiation Health. Toxicology,
Veterinary Medicine)
MATHEMATICAL (Biostatisticsi, Computer
oncMpne Science, Mathematics,
bUtNOtb Statistics)
PHYSICAL (Biophysics,
SCIENCES Meteorology, Physics)
(Business Administration,
riTupD Law, Psychology,
u,nun Sociology, Technical
Management)
TOTAL
-------
HYDROLOGIC MODIFICATION
PROGRAM ELEMENT DIRECTOR: TUDOR T. DAVIES
MISSION
THE HYDROLOGIC MODIFICATION PROGRAM IS TO DEFINE THE
NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MAJOR HYDROLOGIC MODIFICATIONS IN-
CLUDING CONSTRUCTION, DREDGING, LANDFILL, AND WATER RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT. THE PROGRAM WILL PROVIDE THE REQUIRED CONTROL
TECHNOLOGY REQUIRED TO MEET THE 1983 WATER QUALITY GOALS. CON-
TROL TECHNOLOGY WILL BE DEMONSTRATED IN THE FOUR CLIMATE AREAS
OF THE UNITED STATES.
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
THE NEED TO DEMONSTRATE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR CONSTRUCTION
ACTIVITIES IS SUPPORTED BY SECTION 105 (B):
"(B) THE ADMINISTRATOR IS AUTHORIZED TO MAKE
GRANTS TO ANY STATE OR STATES OR INTERSTATE
AGENCY TO DEMONSTRATE, IN RIVER BASINS OR POR-
TIONS THEREOF, ADVANCED TREATMENT AND ENVIR-
ONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES TO CONTROL
POLLUTION FROM ALL SOURCES, WITHIN SUCH BASINS
OR PORTIONS THEREOF, INCLUDING NONPOINT
SOURCES, TOGETHER WITH INSTREAM WATER QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES.
THE NEED TO DETERMINE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HYDROLOGIC MODIFI-
CATION AND A DETERMINATION OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART IN THE EFFECT-
IVENESS OF AVAILABLE CONTROL IS COVERED IN SECTION 104 Cl):
"(1) IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER FEDERAL,
STATE, AND LOCAL AGENCIES, CONDUCT AND
PROMOTE THE COORDINATION AND ACCELERATION
OF, RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS, EXPERIMENTS,
TRAINING, DEMONSTRATIONS, SURVEYS, AND
STUDIES RELATING TO THE CAUSES, EFFECTS,
EXTENT, PREVENTION, REDUCTION, AND ELIMIN-
ATION OF POLLUTION.
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
THE HYDROLOGIC MODIFICATION PROGRAM IS PROCEEDING TO DEFINE
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSTRUCTION, DREDGING, LANDFILL, AND
WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING AN EVALUATION
OF COST EFFECTIVENESS, APPLICABILITY AND NEW TECHNOLOGY REQUIRED.
RESEARCH IS CONTINUING UNDER AN EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE
EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM CONSTRUCTION
ACTIVITIES. THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION RESULTING FROM CONSTRUC-
TION ACTIVITIES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGY WILL
BE DEMONSTRATED IN THE EASTERN, SOUTHEAST, SOUTHWEST AND NORTHERN
PLAINS AREA OF THE UNITED STATES. AN EVALUATION OF THESE DE-
MONSTRATIONS WILL PROVIDE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF TECHNIQUES FROM A SCIENTIFIC AND ECONOMIC VIEWPOINT.
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
CAPABILITY OF PROGRAM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION WITH EX-
PERTISE IN GEOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING PRACTICES.
THE RESEARCH IS THROUGH A MIXTURE OF GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
FY 74 RESOURCES BY TASK TYPE
NUMBER
$1000S
% FUNDS
RG
1
230
92
IA
IH
1
20
8
TOTAL
2
250
100
CURRENT PROGRAMS AND RESOURCES
FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF EFFECT EROSION
CONTROL
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL
FY-7^ FUNDS
$1000S
230
20
250
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
INITIATED SEDIMENT EROSION CONTROL DEMONSTRATION
COLUMBIA, MARYLAND
INITIATED COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL
HYDROLOGIC MODIFICATION
5/73
10/73
-------
HYDROLOGIC MODIFICATION
PROFESSIONAL STAFF
DISCIPLINE
BS
OA
MBA
MS
MA
QVM
MO
ScO
PhD
TOTAL
BIOLOGICAL
AND
AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES
(Bacteriology, Bot?ny,
Entomology, Physiology,
Radiation Biology, Soil
Microbiology, Zoology)
(Analytical, Biochemistry,
CHEMISTRY
Organic, Pharmaceutical,
Physical)
(Aerospace, Chemical,
Civil, Electrical, Environmental,
ENGINEERING Industrial, Mechanical,
Metallurgical, Nuclear,
Sanitary)
(Environmental Health,
_ Epidemiology, Medicine,
HEALTH FIELDS Pathology, Pharmacology,
Radiation Health, Toxicology,
Veterinary Medicine)
i
MATHEMATICAL
-------
GROSSE ILE LABORATORY
HEAVY INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
PROGRAM ELEMENT DIRECTOR: TUDOR T. DAVIES
MISSION
THE HEAVY INDUSTRIAL SOURCES PROGRAM AT THE GROSSE ILE
LABORATORY HAS NATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF AND SUPPORT ACTIVITIES RELATED TO A RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT
AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR THE ABATEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION
CAUSED BY THE DISCHARGE OF WASTES FROM THE FOLLOWING INDUSTRIES:
1. IRON AND STEEL
2. FERROALLOY
3. MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURE
k. FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE PROGRAM IS TO OBTAIN PROVEN METHODS
OF TREATMENT OR ABATEMENT FOR ALL WASTE DISCHARGES FROM THESE
INDUSTRIES AT REASONABLE COSTS.
THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF THE PROGRAM IS TO DEVELOP ALTERNATE
ECONOMICAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES AND WASTE TREATMENT OR ABATEMENT
SYSTEMS DIRECTED TOWARD CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS HAVING MAXIMUM WATER
REUSE AND BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY.
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
CONGRESS AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH HAVE PLACED THE PRIMARY
BURDEN UPON INDUSTRY TO CONTROL ITS POLLUTION. HOWEVER, THE
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM WAS ESTABLISHED BY CONGRESS
TO ASSIST INDUSTRY TOWARD DEVELOPING AND REFINING THE OPERATIONAL
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY NECESSARY TO PREVENT POLLUTION BY INDUSTRY.
SECTION 105 (C) OF PL 92-500/1972 STATES THAT IN ORDER TO
CARRY OUT THE PURPOSES OF SECTION 301 (EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS) OF
THIS ACT, THE ADMINISTRATOR IS AUTHORIZED TO MAKE GRANTS AND
ENTER INTO CONTRACTS WITH PERSONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION
PROJECTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION OF ANY WATERS BY IN-
DUSTRY INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE PREVENTION, REDUCTION
AND ELIMINATION OF THE DISCHARGE OF POLLUTANTS.
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
PILOT STUDY OF SULFURIC ACID PICKLE LIQUOR WASTE 9/69
TREATMENT BY CONTINUOUS ION EXCHANGE
A FULL SCALE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER - WASTE OIL 2/70
MIXTURES FROM STEEL STRIP COLD MILLS
DEMONSTRATION OF A FULL SCALE TREATMENT FACILITY FOR 2/71
THE LIME TREATMENT OF RINSE WATERS FROM HYDROCHLORIC
ACID PICKLING OF STEEL STRIP
A PILOT DEMONSTRATION OF AN ELECTROMEMBRANE PROCESS 3/71
FOR REGENERATING ACID FROM SPENT SULFURIC ACID PICKLING
LIQUOR
A PILOT DEMONSTRATION ON THE BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL OF 4/73
CARBON AND NITROGEN COMPOUNDS FROM COKE PLANT WASTE
AMMONIA LIQUOR
A FULL SCALE DEMONSTRATION FOR RECOVERY OF SULFURIC 11/73
ACID AND FERIOUS SULFATE FROM WASTE PICKLE LIQUOR
INCLUDING RINSE WATER
A SURVEY OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES IN THE 2/73
CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL INDUSTRY
A PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION ON THE TREATMENT AND 12/73
RECOVERY OF FLUORIDE INDUSTRIAL WASTES
A PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION ON THE REGENERATION OF 12/73
CHROMATED ALUMINUM DEOXIZER SOLUTIONS
INITIATED A FULL SCALE DEMONSTRATION ON THE COMPLETE 6/71
TREATMENT OF COKE PLANT WASTE AMMONIA LIQUOR - PROJECT
TO BE COMPLETED 2/75
INITIATED A FULL SCALE DOMONSTRATI ON OF A CLOSED-LOOP 3/73
SYSTEM FOR THE REGENERATION OF SPENT HYDROCHLORIC ACID
PICKLE LIQUOR
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
STRONG EXPERTISE IN CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING PROCESSES
WHERE A SYSTEMS APPROACH MUST BE TAKEN IN CONNECTION WITH
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
RESEARCH IS IMPLEMENTED THROUGH EXTRAMURAL GRANTS RESOURCES
WITH PRIMARY EMPHASIS TOWARD CLOSED LOOP WATER SYSTEMS
FY 7* RESOURCES BY TASK TYPE
PROGRAM AREA
1BBQ36
INHOUSE CONTRACT GRANTS TOTAL
MAN YEARS $K % $K % $K % $K
2 1AZN
2 . 0
50 14
300 86 350
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
0 . 5
12
12
2.5
62 Ik
300 86 362
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
A FULL SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF A CLOSED WATER
RECIRCULATING SYSTEM FOR AN INTEGRATED STEEL MILL
OF INTERMEDIATE SIZE (RESULTING IN ZERO DISCHARGE)
IS POSSIBLE IN THE NEXT 5-6 YEARS.
THE MAJOR BAR TO THIS ACCOMPLISHMENT IS THE
LACK OF SUFFICIENT GRANT FUNDS FOR A PROJECT OF
THIS MAGNITUDE.
A PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF AIRCRAFT WASTE-
WATER RECYCLING IS PROBABLE IN 2 YEARS.
A FULL SCALE SYSTEM TO ELEMINATE WATERBORNE
DISCHARGES FROM A STEEL MILL-HIGH SPEED HALOGEN TIN
LINE IS PROBABLE IN 2 YEARS.
-------
GROSSE ILE LABORATORY PROGRAM
HEAVY INDUSTRIAL SOURCES* PROGRAM
PROFESSIONAL STAFF
DISCIPLINE
BS
BA
MBA
MS
MA
DVM
MD
ScD
PhD
TOTAL
(Bacteriology, Botany,
AND Entomology, Physiology,
AGRICULTURAL Radiation Biology, Soil
SCIENCES Microbiology, Zoology)
(Analytical. Biochemistry,
CHEMISTRY Organic. Pharmaceutical,
Physical)
1
1
(Aerospace. Chemical,
Civil, Electrical, Environmental.
ENGINEERING Industrial, Mechanical,
Metallurgical, Nuclear,
Sanitary)
1
1
(Environmental Health,
__ Epidemiology. Medicine.
HEALTH FltLDS Pathology. Pharmacology,
Radiation Health, Toxicology,
Veterinary Medicine)
MATHEMATICAL (Biostatistics. Computer
c^icm^cc Science, Mathematics,
SCIENCES statistics)
PHYSICAL (Biophysics,
SCIENCES Meteorology, Fhysics)
(Business Administration,
OTHER
Law, Psychology,
Socioioqy. Technical
Management)
TOTAL
-------
Section 3.
GULF BREEZE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
-------
GULF BREEZE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
director: Thomas W. Vuke
MISSION
The GuZi Breeze EnviAonmentat Research Laboratory plans and
conduct* research on the ecotog-icaZ ejects on the. marine enviAon-
ment o^ biological and synthetic pestA.CA.ddi,, other synthetic
hazardous 0A.ganA.c6 and chi.oAA.ne. Specific responsibilities
-------
Se.cXA.on 104 (n) (7) "The. Administrator. ihatl conduct
and promote, and encourage contributions to, compx.ehzn6j.ve
studies othe ejects o^ pollution, including sedimentation
in the estuaries and estuarine zone* ofi the United State* on
fiish and wZdJU-fae "
Section 403 (c) (b} the e^ect o{, (ocean) disposal 0(J
pollutants on marine li&e inducting the transfer, concentration
and dispersal o& their by-products through biological., physical,
and chemical processes; changes in maAtne ecosystem diversity,
productivity, and stability; and species and community population
changes."
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuary Act otf 1972. PL 92-532
Section 102 (a) (d) (Consider) "the e^ect o£ [ocean)
dumping on marine ecosystems ...
Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act ofa 7 972. PL 92-576
Section 20 (a) "The Administrator shall undertake
research, including research by grant or contracts uxith other
Federal Agencies, University, or others as may be necessary to
carry out the purpose o(5 thZs Act "
CAPABILITIES AW PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATI ON APPROACH
Strong expertise in Marine:
Toxicology
Ecology
Physiology and Chemistry ofa Pesticides
Bioassay
FV 74 Resources by Task Type
C
RG
1H
Total
Number
3
5
34
42
$10006
200
312
679
1191
% Fund
77
26
57
J 00
-------
CURRENT PROGRAM ANV RESOURCES
FY 74 FUNDS
($10006)
EfifizctA OfJ HazandouA OiganicA 858
E££zc£6 oi Specx.jJ.tc Bio tic and Abiotic
Facton on EAtwviine. Ecoiyitem 183
VynanUcA ofi an EbtxioAy an, a UaJnAxit
Eco&y&tem J 50
TOTAL 1191
PROFESSIONAL STAFF
Ma/ich 1974
"DISCIPLINE BS 8A MS PhV TOTAL
BioZogicat and
AgsU.cuZ£uAa£ SciznczA 9 1 3 6 19
Chemi&tAy 1 1 2
TOTAL 9 1 4 7 21
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO PATE
VzteAmination in 1968 that mOiex (a chiosUnatzd hydAoc.aA.bon wf>zd
a& a fajiz ant bait) uxu> toxic, to cAabt and zxtzvu>i.vz bioa&6ay& Ahowzd
¦Lt& toxicity to young on. aduiX o& many eAtmaninz organism*.
(R)
Vl&covzny in 1969 o£ a potychJtoilnatzd biphznyZ, foiocJLonr-' 1254
(PC&4 oaz organic compound* ut>zd in -LnduAtAiaZ pAoc.z&4ZA) -in the. biota,
6e.dane.nt and watzti oft ZAtuuViinz aAexu nzaA Pzn&aco-ta, FZa., and 6ub-
4e.que.nt AtudizA documzntzd the toxicity o(5 this and othzA PCBa to
manlnz ti^z.
Me/uuAz o^ acztytcJiotinzAteAoAz activity in thz czntAaZ neAvouA
system oft fiiAhzA u> u.6zd Aoutinzty to indLicatz thz zxtznt o<$ poisoning
by otiganopkoiphateA.
Thz Aolz 0)5 micAoofiganiAm in thz degradation o£ vaniouA chzmicat&
in ZAtiMViinz znviAonmznti a* uieZZ a& thz fiolz o& thz6Z chzmicaLi in thz
inhibition o{, micAobiaJL giowth wa6 investigated.
-------
A nucZeaA poZyhedAoAiA viAuA in FZoAida pink AhAimp ooaA
di&coveAed i.n August, 1972, and eaAJZy data on chemtcal-viAuA
inteAactionA indicate it muAt be conAideAed when testing efifiectA
on marine cAuAtaceanA.
Tvoo chronic btoaAAayA on aLt Ztfie history AtageA ofi the. AheepA-
head minnow and two chrontc teAtA on cornmu.niti.eA developed fifiom
pZanktonic Zarvae have been compZeted in fiZouiing seawateJi AyAtemA.
Tvoo AcientiAtA presented testimony (Oct1973) at the AZdAi.nl
VteZdAtn heaAingA befiore EPA'a Administrative Law Judge, H. L. Perlman,
and A-ix. -inveAttgatorA pAeAented testimony (Jan. and Mar. , 1974) at
the Mirex heaAingA befiore Judge V. H. HarriA in Washington, V. C.
PROGRAM TRENVS
VeveZopment ofi water quality data fioa use in Aetting water
quaZity cAiteAia, paAttcuZarZy in Ztti.gati.on fior the Ofifii.ce ofi
Enfiorcement and GeneraZ CounAeZ.
MethodoZogy to deteAmine micAobiaZ metaboZiAm ofi peAti.ci.deA in
the martne environment.
Refitne btoasAay techntqueA and broaden the knowZedge ofi inter-
active efifiectA ofi otheA poZZutantA and that ofi peAti.ci.deA.
Make a thoAough aAAeAsment ofi aZteAnate approaches fioA controZting
peAtA such oa uie ofi synthetic and naturaZ juveniZe mimi.cki.ng hormones
and uAe ofi viJiuAeA.
VeveZopment ofi strong programA on the efifiect ofi chZoAination ofi
domeAtic and induAtrtaZ sewage on eAtuarine oAganiAmA.
Vefiine natuAaZ ecoAystems fioA AtAuctuAe oa fiunction and predict
the efifiect ofi peAtuAbation by poZZutantA.
Lack ofi supportattve peAAonneZ and deZayA ofi AcheduZe fior new wet
ZaboAatoAy fiaciZity couZd adveAAeZy afifiect oua misAion.
-------
Section 4.
NATIONAL ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
-------
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
PROJECT LEADER: L. C. RANIERE
MISSION
TO CONDUCT, COORDINATE AND MONITOR AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS RESEARCH
NEEDED TO SUPPORT SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF NATIONAL SECONDARY AIR QUALITY
STANDARDS AND CONTROL OF OTHER AIR POLLUTANTS. EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC
GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS ON VEGETATION, ANIMAL, SOILS
AND WHOLE ECOSYSTEMS ARE INVESTIGATED THROUGH:
1. AMBIENT FIELD STUDIES AND SURVEYS
2. CONTROLLED FIELD STUDIES
3. GREENHOUSE SCREENING
4. CONTROLLED GROWTH CHAMBER EXPOSURES
5. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
SECTION 103(f)(1) OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT STATES THAT "THE ADMINIS-
TRATOR SHALL GIVE SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO RESEARCH ON THE SHORT- AND LONG-
TERM EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE."
SECTION 103(f)(1)(B) FURTHER ADDS THAT "HE SHALL CONDUCT AN ACCELERATED
RESEARCH PROGRAM - TO IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS
OF AIR POLLUTANTS ON WELFARE:' "WELFARE" IS DEFINED EXPLICITLY IN THE
CLEAN AIR ACT TITLE III — GENERAL, UNDER SECTION 302(h) as "INCLUDING,
BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, EFFECT ON SOILS, WATER, CROPS, VEGETATION, MANMADE
MATERIALS, ANIMALS, WILDLIFE, WEATHER, VISIBILITY, AND CLIMATE, DAMAGE
TO AND DETERIORATION OF PROPERTY AND HAZARDS TO TRANSPORTATION, AS WELL
AS EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC VALUES AND ON PERSONAL COMFORT AND WELL-BEING."
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO ASSURING THE ADEQUACY OF ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
REQUIRES ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC AND POLLUTANT INTERACTION EFFECTS ON SINGLE
BIOTIC COMMUNITIES AS WELL AS WHOLE ECOSYSTEMS POPULATION INDICES.
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
PROFESSIONAL STRENGTH IN:
WHOLE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
AMBIENT (FIELD) ECOLOGICAL STUDIES
EMPHASIS UPON INHOUSE ACTIVITIES IN FIELD, GREENHOUSE AND LABORATORY
RESEARCH DEALING WITH PARTS OF AND WHOLE BIOENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS.
FY 75 RESOURCES BY ROAP/TASK TYPE
21ALR
NUMBER
$1OOOs
% FUNDS
21 ALU
NUMBER
$1OOOs
% FUNDS
21ALS
NUMBER
$1OOOs
% FUNDS
21 BBK
NUMBER
$1OOOs
% FUNDS
_I_H
8
288
34
IH
11
196
35
IH
3
44
12
in
7
101
67
RG
5
212
25
RG
4
200
35
RG
1
60
16
RG
1
50
33
IA
5
190
22
ia
1
20
3
IA
1
30
8
IA
0
0
0
C
2
155
19
C
7
153
27
C
2
246
64
C
0
0
0
TOTAL
20
845
100
TOTAL
23
569
100
TOTAL
8
380
100
TOTAL
8
151
100
-------
P.E. TOTALS IH RG IA C TOTAL
NUMBER 29 11 7 11 58
$1OOOs 629 522 240 554 1945
% FUNDS 32 26 15 27 100
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
ESTABLISHED THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS ON
IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL CROPS. (1955-1968)
• DEVELOPED DATA BASE AND DOCUMENTATION ON SCIENTIFIC BASIS
FOR PARTICULATE MATTER SECONDARY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS. (1/69)
» DEVELOPED DATA BASE AND DOCUMENTATION ON SCIENTIFIC BASIS
FOR SULFUR SECONDARY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS. (3/69)
• DEVELOPED DATA BASE AND DOCUMENTATION ON SCIENTIFIC BASIS
FOR HYDROCARBAONS SECONDARY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS. (3/70)
«¦ DEVELOPED DATA BASE AND DOCUMENTATION ON SCIENTIFIC BASIS
FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANTS SECONDARY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS. (3/70)
• DEVELOPED DATA BASE AND DOCUMENTATION ON SCIENTIFIC BASIS
FOR CARBON MONOXIDE SECONDARY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS. (3/70)
• DEVELOP DATA BASE AND DOCUMENTATION ON SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR
NITROGEN OXIDES SECONDARY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS. (1/71)
' ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. (1/73)
» CONTRIBUTED TO REVISION OF SECONDARY AIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR
SULFUR OXIDES. (9/73)
6 PUBLICATION OF MORE THAN 80 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS ON AIR POLLUTION
EFFECTS.
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
• DELINEATION OF GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANT INTERACTION EFFECTS.
. EXPANSION OF WORK IN WHOLE SYSTEMS IMPACT (SOILS, PLANTS, ANIMALS)
OF GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS.
• IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE ON BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES, FATE AND TRANSFORMA-
TION OF COMMON GASEOUS AND FINE PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS.
• QUANTIFICATION OF NATIONAL CROP LOSSES ATTRIBUTABLE TO AIR
POLLUTION.
DEVELOPMENT OF PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR DETERMINING LONG-TERM IMPACTS
OF AIR POLLUTANTS ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS.
-------
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON TERRESTRIAL
ENVIRONMENTS
PROJECT LEADER: A. S. LEFOHN
MISSION
TO ESTABLISH SUITABLE DATA GATHERING PROTOCOLS AND ASSAYS
TO DETERMINE THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND TRANSPORT OF SELECTED
PESTICIDE COMPOUNDS IN SIMULATED PLANT/ANIMAL ECOSYSTEMS AND
MODELS.
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
UNDER FIFRA AS AMENDED, THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
MUST PROVIDE TESTING PROTOCOLS TO THE MANUFACTURERS OF PESTICIDES
FOR THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF
THESE CHEMICALS ON MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT.
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
EXPERIENCE AND PROFESSIONAL STRENGTH IN:
MICROCOSM DESIGN AND OPERATION
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
EMPHASIS WILL BE ON USE OF LABORATORY MICROCOSMS TO SIMULATE
TROPHIC LEVELS IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS.
FY 75 RESOURCES BY ROAP/TASK TYPE
21BCJ
I_H_
RG
LA
C
TOTAL
NUMBER
3
10
0
0
13
$1000s
45
80
0
0
125
% FUNDS
36
64
0
0
100
21BCK
IH
RG
Ml
C
TOTAL
NUMBER
3
10
0
0
13
$1000s
35
40
0
0
75
% FUNDS
45
55
0
0
170
21BCL
Id.
RG
m
c
TOTAL
NUMBER
15
2
0
0
7
$1000s
190
130
0
0
320
% FUNDS
60
40
0
0
100
LIBRARY / F.PA
N-it:oral Er viroroer-'e! R-Osearch Cerater
200 S V 35;h Street
Corvalha, Oregon 97330
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
» DESIGNED AND TESTED ONE MICROCOSM.
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
' DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD SIMULATION SYSTEMS.
•TEST SERIES OF REPRESENTATIVE ALTERNATE PESTICIDE COMPOUND TYPES.
• PREDICT BIOACCUMULATION IN ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS
(SOILS, ANIMALS, AND VEGETATION).
• FOLLOW TRANSPORT OF STRESSANT THROUGH SIMULATED ECOSYSTEM.
• IDENTIFY BY-PRODUCTS.
' IDENTIFY RATE OF DEGRADATION.
' IDENTIFY WHERE TO LOOK FOR EFFECT ANOMALIES.
-------
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ENERGY
PRODUCING ACTIVITIES
PROJECT LEADER: A. S. LEFOHN
MISSION
TO PROVIDE THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR MINIMIZING THE BIOENVIRON-
MENTAL IMPACT ASSOCIATED WITH ENERGY PRODUCING ACTIVITIES. INITIAL
THRUST WILL FOCUS ON THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS OF
PROPOSED COAL FIRED POWER PLANT ON (1) ENERGY FLOW, (2) NUTRIENT
CYCLING, (3) SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY, AND (4) PHYSIOLOGIC
AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE.
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
NEW PENDING LEGISLATION RELATED TO NATIONAL ENERGY PRODUCTION
WILL REQUIRE ASSOCIATED SAFEGUARDS TO ASSURE THAT OPTIMAL DECISIONS
ARE MADE WHICH TAKE INTO ACCOUNT CRUCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS.
WORK ACCOMPLISHED BY NERL WILL DOCUMENT THE BIOENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
OF THESE DECISIONS.
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
PROFESSIONAL STRENGTH IN:
WHOLE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
FIELD ECOLOGICAL STUDIES
EMPHASIS UPON INHOUSE CONDUCT OF FIELD STUDY AT PROPOSED COAL-
FIRED POWER PLANT SITE IN EASTERN MONTANA.
FY 74 RESOURCES BY ROAP/TASK TYPE
21BCI IH RG IA C TOTAL
NUMBER 7 3 0 1 11
$1OOOs 250 100 0 50 400
% FUNDS 63 25 0 12 100
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
« DESIGN AND ASSEMBLAGE OF MOBILE LABORATORY FACILITY.
. FIELD SITE SELECTION.
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN.
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
• INCORPORATION AND INTEGRATION OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND MONITORING
INPUT CAPABILITIES WITHIN EPA.
' COORDINATION WITH REGIONAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND
EDUCATIONAL/RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS.
• PLANS FOR AND SELECTION OF SECOND FIELD STUDY SITE.
-------
Section 5.
NATIONAL MARINE WATER QUALITY LABORATORY
-------
NATIONAL MARINE WATER QUALITY LABORATORY
DIRECTOR: ERIC D. SCHNEIDER, Ph.D.
MISSION
NMWQL IS CHARGED WITH THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR DEVELOPING LEGALLY
DEFENSIBLE AND ENFORCEABLE CRITERIA FOR PROTECTION OF MARINE AND
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS. THE MANDATE IS A BROAD ONE COVERING ALL CLASSES
OF POLLUTANTS ALONE AND IN COMBINATIONS THAT MIGHT BE INTRODUCED INTO
THE TERRITORIAL WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS POSSESSIONS. THIS
REQUIRES:
A. DEVELOPMENT OF RELIABLE AND MEANINGFUL MEASURES OF
ORGANISM AND COMMUNITY RESPONSE.
B. DETERMINATION OF DESIRABLE RANGES OF MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL
VARIABLES.
C. STANDARDIZATION OF BIOASSAY METHODOLOGY.
D. MEASUREMENT OF RESPONSE TO POLLUTANTS.
E. APPLYING ALL OF THESE TO FORMULATION OF CRITERIA AND
MONITORING METHODS IN RESPONSE TO LONG-TERM EPA
OBJECTIVES AND ENFORCEMENT PROBLEMS OF IMMEDIATE CONCERN.
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
STRONG EXPERTISE IN:
CHEMISTRY
BIOLOGY
OCEANOGRAPHY
BIOMETRICS
IN-HOUSE PRIMARY PROGRAMS STRONGLY SUPPORTED BY CLOSELY
SUPERVISED ESTRAMURAL EFFORT.
FY 74 RESOURCES BY TASK TYPE
C RG IA IH TOTAL
NUMBER 3 19 1 26 49
$1000s 330 936 13 1,434 2,713
% FUNDS 11 34 4 51 100
CURRENT PROGRAMS AND RESOURCES
FY 74 FUNDING
($1OOOs)
CRITERIA FOR HEAVY METALS 362
EFFECTS OF OILS 519
ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS 1,175
BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES 307
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF OCEAN DISPOSAL 350
TOTAL 2,713
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
THE PROGRAMS OF THE LABORATORY ARE MANDATED AND SUPPORTED BY
SEC 104 OF THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT AND OCEAN
DUMPING BILL PL 92-532 SEC 102a
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
DEMONSTRATION OF HARMFUL EFFECTS OF NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID IN
MARINE WATERS. 12/70
PUBLICATION OF METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF RELATIVE TOXICITY OF
OIL DISPERSANT MATERIALS. 8/71
SUCCESSFUL SUPPORT OF SEVERAL ACTIONS TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENTAL
DAMAGE BY THERMOELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS SUCH AS TURKEY POINT,
CEDAR BAYOU, ROME POINT, AND OTHERS. 6/71 - 3/74
REPORT TO CONGRESS ON EFFECTS OF WASTE OILS. 1/74
DEMONSTRATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF CONTROL OF BIOASSAY CONDITIONS
IN REAL TIME OR DELAYED CONCERT WITH ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATIONS. 8/73
INSTITUTED STANDARD COLLECTION TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY CONTROL
PROCEDURES FOR EXPERIMENTAL ORGANISMS. 8/72
DETERMINE TERMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR MYTILUS EPULIS, ACARTIA
TONSA, ACARTIA CLAUSI, AND PSEUDOPLEURONECTES AMERICANUS. 6/73
DEMONSTRATED PREVIOUSLY UNDOCUMENTED DAMAGE TO BIOTA AT DUPONT
DUMP SITE. 3/74
PUBLISH TEMPERATURE AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN CRITERIA FOR MARINE
WATERS AND REVIEWED CRITERIA DOCUMENT. 4/74
PUBLISHED METHOD FOR USING ADENASINE TRIPHOSPHATE AS AN INDICATOR
OF STRESS ON PLANKTON POPULATIONS. 2/74
-------
PUBLISH REPORT ON EFFECTS OF CHLORINE ON MARINE PLANKTON DURING
POWER PLANT PASSAGE. 6/74
PROGRAM TRENDS
THE ONSET OF THE ENERGY CRISIS DEMANDS RESEARCH ON ECOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF EXPANSION OF USE OF FOSSIL AND NUCLEAR FUELS AND WILL
RECEIVE GREATLY INCREASED EMPHASIS. THIS WILL INVOLVE ALL TEAMS.
INCREASING PRESSURES FOR USE OF THE OCEANS AS DISPOSAL SITES WILL
SIMILARLY CALL FOR GREATLY EXPANDED EFFORTS IN DOCUMENTATION OF
EFFECTS AND FATE OF DISPOSED MATERIALS AND IN VALIDATING ENFORCEABLE
MONITORING AND SITING METHODS. RESEARCH IN SUPPORT OF CRITERIA FOR
VARIOUS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND EFFLUENTS WILL CONTINUE UNABATED BUT
WILL PROBABLY EMPHASIZE APPLICABLE METHODOLOGY AND QUALITY CONTROL
BECAUSE OF THE GREAT NUMBER OF MATERIALS WHICH ARE OF CONCERN. AS
THE AGENCY BECOMES INCREASINGLY AGGRESSIVE IN PURSUING ITS ENFORCEMENT
MANDATE, WE EXPECT TO BE CALLED UPON MORE FREQUENTLY TO TESTIFY IN
SUPPORT OF CRITERIA AND TO DEVELOP DATA IN SUPPORT OF SPECIFIC ACTIONS.
EXPANDED DEMANDS SUCH AS PROJECTED ABOVE CANNOT BE MET BY A NO-
GROWTH AGENCY. INCREASINGLY EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION WITH NOAA AND
AEC WILL BE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO CARRY OUT OUR MANDATE. IN ADDITION
TO INTRA-NERC COOPERATION BEING ASSURED BY THE "LEAD LAB" APPROACH,
EXPERTISE IN OTHER NERCs RELATED TO CHEMICAL METHODOLOGY AND QUALITY
CONTROL WILL HAVE TO BE AVAILABLE.
PROBABLE OUTPUTS
FY 75 REPORT ON SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE OIL FRACTIONS.
BIOASSAY METHODS FOR OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMIT PROGRAM REVISED.
-------
REPORT ON BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY OF CONTAMINANTS IN SEWAGE
SLUDGE AND DREDGE SPOIL.
PUBLICATION OF INTERIM METHODS FOR ASSESSING IN SITU EFFECTS
OF SPOIL DISPOSAL.
COMPLETE CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ESTUARY STUDY.
FY 76 PUBLISH REPORT OF CONFERENCE/WORKSHOP TO REASSESS OCEAN
DISPOSAL CRITERIA AND METHODS MANUAL.
COMPLETE EVALUATION OF APPLICABILITY OF SHORT-TERM BIOASSAY
METHODS TO MIXED WASTES.
-------
SPECIAL STUDIES STAFF
PROFESS
MARC
DISCIPLINE
ONALSTAFF
1974
BS
8A
VGA
MS
MA
DVM
BIOLOGICAL
AND
AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES
(8ac!eriology. Botany,
Entomology. Physiology.
Radiation Biology, Soil
Microbiology, Zoology)
CHEMISTRY
(Analytical. Biochemistry,
Organic. Pharmaceutical,
Physical)
ENGINEERING
(Aerospace. Chemical.
Civil, Electrical. Environmental,
Industrial. Mechanical,
Metallurgical, Nuclear,
Sanitary)
HEALTH FIELDS
(Environmental Health
Epidemiology, Medicine,
Paiho'ogy Pharmacology.
Radiation Health Toxicology, 1
Veterinary Medicine)
MATHEMATICAL
SCIENCES
(QiostniiMics, Computer
Science, Mathematics.
Statistics)
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
(Biophysics,
Meteorology, Physics)
OTHER
TOTAL
(Business Administration,
Law, Psychology,
Sociology. Technical
Management)
10
MO
ScD
PhD
total
10
33
3
4
1
1
2
4
14
44
-------
Section 6.
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY LABORATORY
-------
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY LABORATORY
Director: Dr. Donald I. Mount
MISSION
To generate water quality criteria data, through research, to establish
water quality standards for the protection of freshwater uses. These uses
include agricultural, industrial, recreational, public water supply and
freshwater aquatic life.
To provide technical assistance to federal and state agencies for the
interpretation and inclusion of these data into appropriate water quality
standards for the protection of water use.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION (92-500)
Effects of pollutants and environmental requirements of freshwater
fish, other freshwater life and wildlife:
"It is the national goal that whenever attainable, an interim goal of
water quality which provides for the protection and propagation of fish,
shellfish, and wildlife and provides for recreation in and on the water
be achieved by July 1, 1983"; (Section 101(a)(2)).
"It is the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in
toxic amounts be prohibited"; (Section 101(a)(3)).
The Administrator shall:
... In the development of such comprehensive programs due regard
shall be given to the improvements which are necessary to conserve
such waters for the protection and propagation of fish and aquatic
life and wildlife, recreational purposes, and the withdrawal of
such waters for public water supply, agricultural, industrial
and other purposes (Section 102(a)).
Establish national programs for the prevention, reduction, and
elimination of pollution (1)... including studies relating to the
causes, effects and extent...of pollution (Section 104(a)(1)).
Provide improved methods and procedures to identify and measure
the effects of pollutants (Section 104(d)(2)).
Develop...the...scientific knowledge...indicating the kind and
effects... expected from the presence of pesticides in the water
in varying quantities. (Section 104(1)(1).
-------
... Conduct... studies of the effects arid methods of control of
thermal discharges (Section 104(t)).
Shall publish a proposed effluent standard for such pollutant
or combination of pollutants which shall take into account the
toxicity of the pollutant...(Section 307(a)(2)).
Provide research findings and technical assistance to federal and state agencies:
The Administrator shall:
Collect and disseminate...basic data on chemical, physical, and
biological effects of varying water quality...(Section 104(b)(6)).
At least once every three years states shall hold public hearings
to review and modify water quality standards (Section 303(c)(1)).
Such standards shall be established taking into consideration their
use and value for public water supplies, propagation of fish and
wildlife, recreational, agricultural, industrial and other
purposes...(Section 303(c)(1)).
Shall develop... and from time to thereafter revise criteria for
water quality accurately reflecting the latest scientific
knowledge (Section 304(2)(1)).
Shall develop... information on the factors necessary for the
protection and propagation of shellfish, fish, and wildlife for
classes and categories of receiving waters...(Section 304(a)(2)(B)).
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
FY-74 Resources by Task Type
C
RG
IA
IH
Total
Number
5
8
0
51
64
$ (1000)
255
276
0
2058
2589
% Funds
10
11
0
79
100
-------
Current Programs and Resources
FY-74 Funds
FY-74 MY
($1000)
Effects of synthetic organics
12.4
397.2
Short cut methods for criteria
12.1
366.0
Biological test methods development
3.4
176.2
Bioassay technical support
4.5
290.2
Effects of oil(s)
2.8
88.4
Temperature and dissolved oxygen
10.1
556.0
Air supersaturation effects
6.0
180.0
Effects of heavy metals
9.7
283.0
Tolerance levels of ammonia
0
40.0
Complex Effluent criteria
6.5
212.0
Technical assistance
5.5
170.5
Professional Staff Summary, March 1974
Bachelors Masters Ph.D. Total
Biology and agricultural 20 15 11 46
sciences
Chemistry 7 1 5 13
Engineering 2 2
Mathematical sciences 1 1
Other _1 _1
Total 29 17 17 63
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
A. Research
1. Developed laboratory procedures and culture techniques for testing
through one generation freshwater fish and other freshwater organisms
including: brook trout, bluegill and green sunfish, fathead minnows,
flagfish, Gammarus, Daphnia, and midge (Tanytarsus).
2. Developed culture and testing procedures for the different life stages
of several additional aquatic life species.
3. Determined the effects of toxicants on and environmental requirements of
one or more aquatic life species through a complete life cycle for
copper; cadmium; nickel; chromium III and VI; mercury (HgCl^ and H^CHgCl);
lead; zinc; DDT; malathion; parathion; diazinon; guthion; lindane; captan;
sevin; 2,4-D B; methoxychlor; PCB 1242, 48, 54, 60; atrazine; toxaphene;
mirex; treflan; phthalates; pesticide solvents; chlordane; endosulfan;
-------
heptachlor; acrolein; waste oil; flocculants and flotation reagents;
NTA; dissolved gases including oxygen, air, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia,
sulfur dioxide; chloramines; and temperature.
4. Completed laboratory and field tests showing the extreme toxicity of
chlorinated municipal and industrial effluents. Identified and
measured the toxicity of 25 compounds formed by the chlorination
of wastes.
5. Determined that selected persistent toxicants are bioaccumulated
directly from water at concentrations which have no observable
effect on the organism but result in residues which are toxic to
consumers.
6. Determined the presence and quantities of toxicants at previously
unmeasurable concentrations.
7. Conducted validation tests for laboratory determined criteria data
showing the laboratory one-generation toxicity tests for copper are
valid in a natural stream.
8. Determined that certain physiological and biochemical responses
recorded during short-term exposures (changes in activity, respiratory
rate, cough frequency, blood constituents, enzyme activity levels,
etc.) can be correlated with effects observed during long-term,
chronic exposures.
9. Developed techniques and apparatus necessary to expose adult Pacific
salmon for long periods to regionally important pollutants such as
supersaturated"water, heavy metals, and high water temperatures.
B. Technical Assistance
1. Technical support in the Reserve Mining case involved many field
studies in Lake Superior, laboratory research, report writing and
various aspects of the court activity. NWQL has contributed 9.1
man-years of effort during the past 18 months. Ecological damage
was shown to result from this single discharge into Lake Superior
and a serious public health menace (asbestos) uncovered.
2. At the request of Region V (Chicago) a comprehensive review of the
literature on chlorine toxicity was completed and criteria developed
for intermittent and continuous discharge of chlorinated effluents.
These criteria are used in the design and operation of antifouling
systems for many of the new power generating systems. These
recommendations have also resulted in the establishment of the
Disinfection Policy Task Force to develop short- and long-term
EPA policy.
-------
3. The NWQL has been assigned important responsibilities in recent
EPA functions:
a) The review of the freshwater section of the proposed USEPA
Criteria for Water Quality, and
b) The direct participation in court hearings on the effluent standards
for toxic substances.
c) The preparation of criteria documents.
4. The NWQL reviewed and summarized the very cumbersome temperature
criteria put together by the National Academy of Science (Blue Book)
committee in order to recommend requirements for many species of fish
and other freshwater life. These criteria have been incorporated
into the USEPA proposed water quality criteria document.
PROGRAM TRENDS
A. Research
1. Develop additional test methods for the rapid evaluation of toxicant
effects on economically important freshwater fish.
2. Develop testing of toxicants to more closely simulate environmental
exposures and stresses. This includes mixtures of toxicants, pulsating
concentrations, avoidance, effluents, and combinations of adverse
environmental requirements with pollutants.
3. Increased emphasis on bioaccumulation of toxic persistent compounds
by freshwater aquatic life and the effects on final consumers.
4. Striving for field verification of criteria data through establishment
of a data bank were valid water quality monitoring data may be compared
with natural population data, and through studies utilizing limited
ecosystem field sites.
5. Predictive modeling of toxicity and bioaccumulation in order that
fewer tests may be performed in order to characterize chemical compounds.
6. Increased emphasis on economically important fish, particularly salmon,
to further investigate the effects and extent of heavy metal, air
supersaturation and temperature pollution.
B. Technical Assistance
1. The development of biological criteria for receiving waters, mixing
zones, and effluents will require more attention not only in generating
these criteria but in the necessary support of them.
-------
2. Many state and federal agencies are developing the capability of
conducting various types of bioassay testing under laboratory,
industrial, and mobile trailer conditions. Requests for assistance
and training are becoming more frequent and will require preparation
of manuals and probably increased training program participation.
3. With the adoption of standards, court challenges have increased
dramatically. Technical assistance to EPA attorneys will determine
whether or not these standards are upheld. Remuneration for providing
this technical assistance must be provided to the laboratory since
the scientists who are acutally involved in research are now being assigned
to these non-research activities.
-------
Section 7.
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
-------
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center-Corvallis
INDUSTRIAL WASTES BRANCH
J.R. Boydston, Branch Chief
PE 1BB037
MISSION
The Industrial Wastes Branch has the responsibility for directing
and implementing all field, laboratory, and extramural research
activities of Program Element 1BB037 (Food, Paper, and Other
Industrial Sources). The Branch is organizationally allied with
the Industrial Pollution Control Division, Office of Environmental
Engineering in the Office of Research and Development of the
USEPA.
The major goal of this program is the development and demonstration
of new or improved methods for the treatment and/or abatement of
water pollution and other environmental stresses caused by discharge
of waste from a variety of "soft" industrial sources. These sources
include, but are not limited to, paper and allied products, food
and kindred products, stone, clay, and glass products, wood products,
and other miscellaneous industrial sources. The ultimate in waste
control will be complete recycle and reuse at minimum cost of
nonconsumptive water used in industrial processes.
In the immediate past, the Branch has been primarily concerned with
the development and demonstration of secondary treatment processes.
This technology has now advanced to the state where present research
efforts are concentrated on the development of tertiary treatment
processes to permit waste recycling and the development of process
modifications to reduce or eliminate waste discharges and to develop
useful by-products.
The Branch also provides technical assistance relating to the effect
of industrial waste on water quality and industrial pollution abatement
through advice for in-plant control and/or treatment of industrial
effluents to other research programs and regulatory sections of EPA,
to other Federal agencies, State and municipal governments, and to
private firms and industries. A special effort by program personnel
is technical assistance in the development of effluent guidelines
as part of the Refuse Act Permit Program.
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT
AS AMENDED
PL 92-500
Sec 101(a) It is the national goal that the discharge of
pollutants into the navigable waters be
eliminated by 1985.
Sec 301(b) . . .There shall be achieved. . .by July 1, 1977. .
application of the best practicable control
technology currently available.
. . .By July 1, 1983. . .best available technology
economically available.
Sec 105(c) The Administrator is authorized to. . .make grants
and enter into contracts with persons for
research and demonstration projects for prevention
of pollution of any waters by industry.
-------
FY 74 BUDGET
FOOD, PAPER, AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Program Element 1BB037
ROAP
TITLE
INHOUSE
-$-
EXTRAMURAL
-$-
TOTAL
-$-
MAN
YEARS
AZX
Pulping Processes
74.0
628.0
702.0
2.5
AZY
Paper & Paperboard
31.0
44.0
75.0
1 .0
AZZ
Lumber & Wood Prod.
43.0
45.0
88.0
1.5
BAA
Meat Processing
69.0
99.0
168.0
1.5
BAB
Fruits & Veg. Proc.
72.0
368.0
440.0
2.0
BAC
Grain & Beverages
34.0
91.0
125.0
1.0
BAD
Dairy, Seafood, Misc.
47.0
310.0
357.0
1 .5
AXL
Tech. Assistance
100.0
0.0
100.0
4.0
AAG
Tech. Transfer
24.0
0.0
24.0
1.0
BAE
Misc. Industries
42.0
0.0
42.0
0.6
BAF
Joint Munic./Ind.
36.0
0.0
36.0
0.6
572.0
1585.0
2157.0
17.2
Note: The program is totally extramural. Research and demonstration grants
are used exclusively to develop technology to meet program objectives.
Inhouse funds listed are solely for the support of program staff
engaged in grants monitoring and technical assistance.
-------
$
20
308
300
34
10
45
49
50
70
8u
88
40
60
30
91
123
168
19
1585
PE 1BB037
Approved Extramural Tasks for FY 74
TASKS
1. Estimating water quality requirements for pulping processes.
2. Demonstrate closed loop kraft process.
3. Demonstrate complete sulfite pulping recycle.
4. Research - removal of dyes from paper wastes.
5. Estimating water quality requirements for paper
manufacturing.
6. Developing treatment systems for wood preserving wastes.
7. Inplant reduction of wastes from meat packing processes.
8. Paunch waste recovery or utilization in meat packing
plants.
9. Develop byproducts from vegetable processing solid wastes.
10. Demonstrate low waste generation blanching - white potatoes.
11. Demonstrate low liquid waste blanching - vegetables.
12. Demonstrate low water cleaning process - leafy green
vegetables.
13. Demonstrate low water cleaning processes - root crops.
14. Develop unit process water quality requirements - beet
sugar.
15. Demonstrate treatment and reuse - wine production.
16. Demonstrate dissolved air flotation - seafood processing
wastes.
17. Demonstrate enzymatic column conversion - cheese whey.
18. State of art study on miscellaneous foods.
-------
SPECIAL STUDIES STAFF
PROFESS,ONAL STAFF
MARC
1974
BS
BA
MB/
1BB037
DISCIPLINE
amtT0GIC (Bacteriology. Botany,
ANU Entomology, Physiology,
AGRICULTURAL Radiation 8iology, Soil
SCIENCES Microbiology, Zoology)
(Analytical. Biochemistry,
CHEMISTRY Organic. Pharmaceutical,
Physical)
(Aerospace, Chemical.
Civil, Elec'ncal, Environmental,
ENGINEERING Industrial. Mechanical,
Metallurgical, Nuclear,
Srnitary)
1
(Environmental Health.
Epidemiology. Medicine,
HEALTH FIELDS Pntho'ogy Pharmacology.
Radiation Health, Toxicology,
Veterinary Medicine)
MATHEMATICAL
SCIENCES
(Biostalistics, Computer
Science, Mathematics,
Statistics)
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
(Biophysics,
Meteorology, Physics)
(Business Administration,
OTHER
Law. Psychology,
Sociology, Technical
Management)
TOTAL
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
PE 1BB037
Food Processing
State of the Art Reports on:
Potato Processing 10/69
Sugarbeet Processing 7/71
Seafood Processing 4/70
Fruit & Vegetable Processing 8/71
Dairy Wastes 3/71
Activated Sludge - Fruit Processing (Snokist) 10/69
Activated Sludge - Potato Processing (R. T. French) 12/70
"Dry Caustic" Peeling of Tree Fruit (Pilot Plant) 12/70
"Dry Caustic" Peeling of Potato (Full-Scale) 4/74
"Dry Caustic" Peeling of Peaches (Full-Scale) 5/74
U. F. & R. 0. on Cheese Whey (Pilot Plant) 7/71
(Full-Scale) 4/74
Fermentation (Fungal) of Cheese Whey (Pilot Plant) 5/74
(Animal Feed)
Food Symposia FY 70
"Waterless" Vegetable Blanching (Pilot Plant) NCA 3/74
University of Wisconsin 4/74
Paper and Forest Industries
Reverse Osmosis Processing of Dilute Pulp & Paper 2/72
Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge Utilization and Disposal 5/73
A Color Removal and Fibrous Sludge Disposal Process 9/73
for the Kraft Paper Industry
-------
State of the Art Review of Pulp and Paper Industry 4/73
Ultrafiltration Processes for Color Removal from 11/73
Kraft Mill Effluents
Influence of Log Rafting on Water Quality 2/73
Joint Treatment of Municipal Sewage and Pulp Mill 7/70
Eff1uents
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
PE 1BB037
Food Processing
Demonstrate Best Available Treatment (BAT) - Meat Packing
Demonstrate BAT - Fruit & Vegetable Processing
Demonstrate Zero Discharge - Cane Sugar Processing
Demonstrate BAT - Grain Milling
Demonstrate BAT - Beverage Industry
Demonstrate Best Practicable Treatment (BPT) - Seafood Processing
Demonstrate BAT - Dairy Products
Paper and Forest Industries
Demonstrate BAT - Sulfite Pulping
Demonstrate BAT - Kraft Pulping
Demonstrate BAT - Neutral Sulfite - Semi-Chemical Pulping
Demonstrate - Paper & Paperboard
Demonstrate BPT - Wood Products
Much of the required waste strength reduction will be accomplished
by changes in unit processes rather than effluent treatment. No major
technical difficulties are expected in achieving BAT, but the accomplish-
ment of closed cycle processing will require a greatly expanded research
effort. The technology required keeps changing as new processes are
developed, new products marketed, and the value of by products recovered
changes. Most present funding is in the area of technology refinement
and demonstration. More basic research needs to be supported to
develop the required new technology. Funding levels will have to be
significantly increased if the legislated deadlines are to be met.
Coordination with municipal and industrial programs at NERC-Cincinnati
is highly desirable.
-------
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center, Corvallis
February 1974
1BA025 - COASTAL POLLUTION BRANCH
MISSION - To plan and conduct research on the behavior and effects of
pollutants in the marine environment. Major research areas are related
to: (1) Effluent criteria for ocean outfalls: (2) marine water quality
effects caused by ocean outfall discharges and nonpoint sources; (3)
assessment of ecosystem alterations caused by pollutants; (4) predictive
techniques and models for pollutant dynamics and resulting ecosystem
alterations; and (5) water pollution problems especially related to
marine coastal areas of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION - Public Law 92-500, "Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972; Public Law 92-532, "Marine
Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972."
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
A. Resources Summary: Inhouse
Technical Assistance $110 K
ROAP 21AIS 328 K
ROAP 21AIS-A 20 K
ROAP 21 AIT 75 K
TOTALS $533 K
% of Totals 46%
Contracts
$130 K
$130 K
11%
Extramural
$357 K
140 K
43%
B. Primary Program Thrust for FY 74
1. The development and establishment of scientific criteria for
ocean dumping and discharge of waste effluents through ocean outfalls.
-------
These criteria are those necessary to preclude detectable detrimental
impact on the marine biota and on any of man's use of the marine
resource.
2. The development of monitoring concepts for ocean dumping and
outfall discharges to coastal waters to insure compliance with the
established criteria and regulations. Primary attention is directed
to development of quantitative methods for assessing alteration to
benthic communities.
3. The development and testing of predictive models and mechanisms
which quantitatively describe the physical, chemical, and ecological
interactions between polluting substances and environmental factors of
marine ecosystems. These models and mechanisms will describe and predict
the polluting source, the routes and rates of movement, storage points,
rates of accumulation, transformations and transformation rates, as well
as climatologically- and geographically-affected ecological interactions.
Polluting substances include organic compounds, inorganic species such
as heavy metals, and pathogenic organisms. Polluting sources include:
(1) municipal and industrial wastes; (2) dredge spoils and other solids;
(3) atmospheric gasses , aerosols, and particles; (4) accidental spills;
and (5) terrestrial drainage.
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
1. Demonstration of the widespread distribution of taconite tailings
in Lake Superior as a result of Reserve Mining Company discharge. Reports
prepared as testimony in the Federal court case.
-------
2. Application of the techniques developed in (1) above to the
analysis of trace elements in tar balls, a persistent residue from
petroleum pollution of the sea to demonstrate the possibilities of
this technique to subsequent ecological research and monitoring activities;
NAA was also applied to nanogram levels of molybdenum in lake waters.
10/73.
3. Development of a procedure for following Kraft mill effluents
in marine waters based on fluorescence procedures. 7/71.
4. Development of an aerial technique for the analysis of outfall
di scharges.
5. Preparation of sections of the EPA Ocean Dumping Analytical
Methods Manual. Sections prepared wholly or in part by this Program
include:
a. Chemical methods
b. Bioassay procedures
c. Particle size analyses
d. Marine macrobenthos; methods for sampling and analysis
e. Sampling methods for trace metal-trace organics analyses
of marine waters and sediments.
6. Development of a computer model to predict dilution and
height of rise of buoyant wastes discharged to quiescent marine
waters. 9/71
7. Development of a mathematical simulation model for predicting
the physical fate of barged liquid and particulate wastes. 10/73
-------
8. Development of a two-layer coastal circulation model for the
New York Bight Area, including coverage of both inner and outer harbor
areas.
9. Partial completion of baseline study at proposed experimental
sludge dumping site in the New York Bight. Progress reports cover the
development of analytical methodology, an assessment of chemical parameters
of source material and deposition site sediments, and the quantitative
characterization of the biota of the site which represent a "healthy"
benthic community and a good indicator for monitoring and assessing
the effect of dumping. Physical data, i.e., currents, salinity,
temperature, etc., will be covered in subsequent reports.
10. Development of highly sensitive procedures, based on neutron
activation analysis, to analyze trace materials in marine sediments
resulting from discharge of sewage sludge. A report has been prepared.
10/73
PROGRAM TRENDS
Program objectives change slightly in FY 75, with an increased
emphasis on pipeline discharges and marine phytoplankton dynamics.
New work will be initiated to determine the best use of bio-mathematical
indices of community structure and population dynamics as criteria
for determining the "health" of marine ecosystems.
Coastal circulation mathematical models will be refined and
applied to new geographical areas such as the east coast of Florida,
the Los Angeles Bight, and Valdez, Alaska. Where possible, the model's
capability to simulate sedimentation and biochemical interactions
will be advanced.
-------
The barged discharge simulation model will be evaluated in the
field for three types of wastes — sewage sludge, dredge spoils, and
liquid industrial wastes. The latter two field evaluations will be
joint interagency efforts with Corps of Engineers and NOAA groups.
Criteria related work will include a continued effort to determine
the chemical behavior of sludge, biotic uptake rates of heavy metals
and other trace compounds; ionic and organic interactions; general
behavior of heavy metals in coastal ecosystems; and the movement
and accumulation of chlorinated hydrocarbons with ecological significance
in Puget Sound and in the Los Angeles and New York Bights. The
objectives and approach defined and outlined in FY 75 ROAP's include
specific pollutants that could not be supported in past years.
A good start on describing the dynamics of fjords - circulation
and flushing times - will have been made. This work is presently
being performed with Puget Sound as the verification base, but the
results will be applicable to Alaskan and New England fjords as well.
Concurrently, the dynamics of ecosystems are being investigated with
a view as to what factors control or initiate plankton blooms.
-------
COASTAL POLLUTION BRANCH
SPECIAL S"i 'JDIES STAFF
PROFES3i- :JAL STAFF
r.ARCii V-!l"r
DISCIPLINE
BIOLOGICAL (Ba, (0n0|0gy Bolany.
AND Enlr mo'c^y. PVvs.c'c^y,
AGRICULTURAL So.ccy. Soil
SCIENCES MiC'Ofc.oiogy. Zoc'cgy) i
CHEMISTRY
(Ar,< lylical. Biochemistry,
O'Q.inic, Pharmaceutical,
PlV,! iC.ll)
ENGINEERING
(•>¦¦ js^acc O.^nico'.
Cum Dec'.rica'. Envrcrmental.
I-C • >- al. r.'cch?mca1.
f.'Nuocar,
,W)
HEALTH RtLDS
(': rcTrcr1'.' K ; n
L -
r iil ji' r; r'r- vr •. ~y.
f .J' ''-j . I Tj'-co'cgy. I
Vc;lm
f/ATH'i^ATICAL ':':5S Cc"-',c!f
V r )i'"> * * I '
c,r-ipr.'(• ¦ "¦
PHYSICAL
SC.L'f.^cS
OTHER
' : c~.
ri - ~ /, Fw. .'S est
^ l J j > L „ j <' v
I • r
TOTAL
II !
-------
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center-Corvallis
1BA029 - EUTROPHICATION SURVEY BRANCH J. H. Gakstatter, Branch Chief
MISSION - When the Survey was established in late 1971, the mission
was to determine the location, severity and extent of eutro-
phication in the nation's lakes and impoundments which act
as receiving waters for waste water treatment plant effluents
and to assist states and municipalities in implementing effec-
tive controls for phosphate-induced eutrophication where such
controls have not already been instituted.
However; the passage of the 1972 Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments during October 1972 dramatically altered
the complexion of the Survey's critical premises. Of greatest
importance, states were given the responsibility under Sec. 106
reports, Sec. 303(e) Basin Plans, and Sec. 314(a) lake restora-
tion to classify lakes, identify eutrophic lakes, define the
causes and nature of lake pollution and develop procedures for
eutrophication control. This newly designated state responsi-
bility usurped the singular responsibility of the Survey and
its related program to perform these functions.
For this reason, the goals and objectives of the Survey
were rewritten during December 1972 to be directly supportive
of the newly amended Water Bill.
The objective of the Survey became and is now:
To develop sufficient and necessary knowledge
of nutrient sources, concentration, and threat to
selected fresh-water lakes as a basis for recommend-
ations leading to comprehensive national, regional and
state management practices relating to nutrient controls
from point and non-point sources.
NEEDS AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION - Supporting legislation for the program
is primarily Sec. 104(a)(3) "conduct in cooperation with State
Water Pollution Control Agencies and other interested agencies,
organizations and persons, public investigations concerning
the pollution of any navigable waters, and report on the results
of such investigations".
Survey data will be useful in satisfying needs of State
Water Pollution Agencies and EPA in several areas specifically
designated in the Water Bill; Sec. 106 reports, Sec. 202(3)
basin plans, Sec. 208 non-point source control plans, Sec.
303(c)(e) basin plans and water quality standards revisions,
Sec. 305(b) non-point source assessment, and Sec. 314(a) lake
classification.
-------
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION*-
Firiancial Resources
FY 74 Resources (1,000)
ROAP # Inhouse Interagency Agreement Other
25AJX 529 450 0
(Nutrient
Loadi ng)
25AKM 107 62 0
(Limiting
Nutrient)
25ALP 41 0 0
(Land Use)
25ALD 1 ,000 0 0
(Lake Survey
NERC-Las VegasJ
Totals $1,677 (77%) 512 (23%) 0
Primary Program Thrust in FY 74
1. Data evaluation - a large portion of the program effort will
be devoted to analyzing and evaluating data collected from 220
lakes and associated watersheds sampled during 1972-73 in 10
States east of the Mississippi River.
2. Sample analysis - significant effort will be devoted towards
analyzing stream, sewage plant effluent and lake samples generated
by on-going sampling programs in the eastern portion of the United
States
3. Initiating new sampling programs - NERC-Las Vegas will initiate
lake sampling in ten states between the Mississippi River and the
Rocky Mountains. PNERL will initiate stream and sewage treatment
plant sampling in all 21 states (except Hawaii and Alaska) during
FY 1974 and early FY 1975.
* Program responsibilities are divided between NERC-Corvallis (PNERL) and
NERC-Las Vegas.
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
Accomplishment
Month & Year
Lake sampling initiated by NERC-LV in
New York State.
Stream sampling by the National Guard
initiated in Vermont by PNERL.
National Guard stream sampling programs
initiated in all. 27 states east of the
Mississippi River.
Algal assay analysis completed for 202
lakes sampled in 1972.
Lake sampling program completed by NERC-LV
in all 27 states east of the Mississippi
River.
May 1972
July 1972
July 1973
September 1973
November 1973
Analysis completed for 29,000 lake samples January 1974
and 25,000 stream and sewage plant effluent
samples from sampling program in eastern
United States.
Preliminary reports completed for 36 lakes January 1974
and their associated water sheds.
PROGRAM TRENDS (PROJECTED ACCOMPLISHMENTS)
1. Completion of approximately 650 individual reports on lakes
and reservoirs throughout the contiguous United States. Each
report addresses itself to trophic state, nutrient loadings,
limiting nutrient and vulnerability to eutrophication.
2. Completion of 18 regional reports which are overviews of
all individual reports within geographical areas with similar
characteristics. Each report will address itself to common
characteristics of trophic condition, non-point source nutrients,
land use, limiting nutrients and vulnerability to eutrophication
within a specific area.
3. Development of nutrient runoff factors which can be applied
to various land use types and which take into consideration soil
type, climate, slope, etc. The factors would be used to predict
non-point source nutrient contributions.
-------
4. Development of regional water quality criteria (loadings
or concentrations) for nutrients based upon data accumulated
by the Survey.
5. Development or substantiation of the relationship between
nutrient loadings, nutrient concentration, lake morphometry
and lake trophic condition.
The existing program depends upon continued cooperative
efforts between NERC-Corvallis, NERC-Las Vegas and Headquarters
staff, each of which plays a specific role in accomplishing
overall program objectives.
-------
1BA029
SPECIAL STUDIES STAFF
PROFESSIONAL STAFF
MAR:-I 1Q74
DISCIPLINE
2S
BA
"3A
MS
MA i
DVM
MO
SCO
PhD
TOTAL
(Bacteriology. Botany. !
ANU Entomology. Physiology. !
AGRICULTURAL Radiation Biology. Soil
SCIENCES Microbiology, Zoology)
7
4
i
2.
H3
i
(Analytical, Biochemistry. |
CHEMISTRY Organic. Pharmaceutical,
Physical)
7
1
8
(Aerospace, Chemical.
Civil, Electrical. Environmental,
ENGINEERING Industrial, Mechanical,
Metallurgical, Nuclear,
Sanitary)
1
)
2
HEALTH FIELDS
(Environmental Health.
EpioVfiology, Medicine.
Pathology Pharmaco'ogy.
Radiation Hcnlth Toxicology,
Veterinary Medione)
MATHEMATICAL
SCIENCES
(Biostatistics. Computer
Science, Mathematics,
Statistics)
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
(Biophysics,
Meteorology, Physics)
01 HER
TOTAL
(Business Administration,
Law, Psychology,
Sociology. Technical
Management)
r
19
27
-------
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center-Corval1 is
1BB392 - THERMAL POLLUTION TECHNOLOGY F. H. Rainwater, Branch Chief
MISSION - To develop industry wide applicable, and viable, pollution
control technology for the electric power industry which will provide
a basis for establishing, improving and implementing required
effluent standards. Approach involves water recycle/reuse and/or
terminal waste stream treatment.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
Sect 301 requires that the Administrator promulgate
effluent limitation for point sources, other than publicly owned
treatment works.
Sect 306 requires that the Administrator promulgate Federal
standards of performance for new sources, requiring best available
demonstrated control technology, processes, operating methods, or
other alternatives.
Sect 316(c) stipulates that the thermal specifications of a
discharge permit are valid for 10 years.
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
A. Resources Summary IH CW EW DD
Technical Assisstance $40
ROAP 21AZU 93 94 64 109
ROAP 58AAK 10
$143
-------
B. Primary Program Thrust for FY 74
1. Meet immediate demands of PL92-500, external to primary
PE mission, in respect to (a) engineering and economic feasibility
of backfitting various cooling devices to existing power plants
and (b) engineering and economic assessment of once-through discharge
modification for adverse impact control.
2. Develop advanced methodology for blowdown reduction and/or
quality control, including, potentials for recycle/reuse.
3. Characterize S0X scrubber water effluents and investigate
potential handling and treatment.
C. Professional Staff Summary - See Attachment
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
1. Determined and/or demonstrated engineering feasibility and
associated economic, energy, land water resource penalties of a
variety of alternatives to once-through cooling. 1971.
2. Explored long range potentials of cJvanced power generating
systems, including thermoelectric generators, gas turbines for central
stations and submerged nuclear plants. June 1971.
3. Demonstrated agricultural use of waste heat including frost
protection, row and spray irrigation, subsir ' heating and greenhouse
horticulture. August 1973.
4. Developed and demonstrated low-level drift measurement
instrumentation. October 1971.
-------
3
5. Provided substantial support to the Agency in formulating
decisions and policy regarding control of pollutants in power industry.
Exemplified through review of 90 + EIS, and assistance to Permits
Branch and Effluent Guidelines Division.
6. Characterized liquid waste streams in electric power
generation and started development of effluent quality control and
recycle/reuse systems. Continuing.
7. Surveyed the water related implications of geothermal
steam development and coal gasification.
PROGRAM TRENDS
Note: Major trend is downward, with FY 75 positions reduced from
5 to 3 and extramural commitments limited to one possible demonstration.
1. Demonstrate engineering and economic fesibility of dry cooling
towers for relatively small electric generating plants.
2. Assess potential water recycle/reuse systems in power
generation, hopefully leading to demonstration. Continue cooperation
with RTP or stack gas technology.
3. Have in hand selected examples of proven technology for
recycle/reuse.
4. Initiate research for elimination of discharge of pollutants
from the Water Supply Industry — a new ROAP for FY 75 in PE 1BB036.
Extramural funding from Joint Municipal/Industrial program at RSKERL.
5. Energy?
-------
1UB392
SPECIAL STUDIES STAFF
PROFE:S!OKAL staff
DISCIPLINE
DS
BA
BIOLOGICAL ,
,.in (dactcnology, Botany,
¦L' { ntomo'ogy, Ph> siology.
AGRICULTURAL rirjuiion Bio'og/. Soii
SCIENCES Microbiology, Zoo'ogy)
(^nalylic.il, DiocliL-mistry. J
CHEMISTRY O'gnnic. Pharmaceutical, |
Physical)
1
a
(Acrcvpncc CiVnucat. i
CM^ikirrnikio Clvl1 Metric!, Environmental ;
ENGINEERING Industrial f.'cchamcal,
M'jt.iiiurnicni. N'ucicar, >
Snnifw/) |
(1 n.'ironr "nt.H t'r nl!*l, 1
HEALTH FIELDS Ko^P^nTclogy. !
fl iMiition Hnlih Toxicology,
Velcnn.jr^ ricd»C'^c)
MATHEMATICAL (H'osMti-tics Comrutcr
SCIENCES s^'cOf'!jlhCr71,l!lC::'
:—
r
PHYSICAL (r.ophysica,
SCIENCES Meteorology, Physics)
1
•sa
OTHER
(C uiinL':-, Artrrimslrjllon,
L uv. Psychology.
S JClolo^y Technical
Management)
TOTAL
-------
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center-Corvallis
1BA032 - THERMAL POLLUTION RESEARCH F. H. Rainwater, Branch Chief
MISSION - To provide the scientific, engineering, economic base for
control of thermal pollution.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
Sect 104(t) directs the Administrator to "...conduct continuing
comprehensive studies of the effects and methods of control of thermal
discharges...available technology, economic feasibility...total impact
on environment consi deri ng,.. .water quality, air quality, land use,
and effective utilization and conservation of freshwater and other
natural resources.. .minimizing adverse effects and maximizing beneficial
effects..."
Sect 303D requires a determination of max daily thermal load
for waters for which compliance with effluent standards will not meet
water quality standards. This necessitates improvements in sophistication
of heat budget treatment.
Sect 316(a) provides for case-by-case exemption to effluent
standards for heat if it can be demonstrated that such standards are
more stringent than necessary to protect biota. This requires hydraulic
and heat budget modeling.
Sect 316(b) requires that location, design, construction, and capacity
of cooling water intake structures reflect best technology available for
minimizing environmental impact.
-------
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
A. Resources Summary
Technical Assistance
ROAP 21AJH
IH
$27
106
$133
65
EW
35
CW
B . Primary Program Thrust FY 74
FY 74 is a year of wrap-up and new starts.
1. Complete analytical-lab development of fluid dynamic models
for predicting thermal plume behavior, culminating in reports (1)
Workbook on Thermal Plume Prediction, Vol II, Surface Discharges (IH),
and (2) Critical Analysis of Temperature Prediction Models for Large
Hydrologic Systems (Grant).
2. Start evaluation and perfection of cooling tower vapor plume
models, with emphasis on field verification. Involves inhouse project
at Turkey Point, Florida and grant to U. of Colorado.
3. Satisfy Sect 303D need through contract to improve statistical
reliability of stream temperature prediction.
4. Start fluid dynamic research on cooling water intake design
and operation for Sect 316(a).
C. Professional Staff Summary - See Attachment
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
1. Provided scientific and engineering expertise in waste heat
management to regulatory arms of EPA and State environmental agencies
-------
needed in support of adversary proceedings and promulgation of water
quality and effluent standards. Continuing.
2. Developed and perfected predictive models for thermal behavior
in freshwater and marine environment. Submerged discharges July 1972;
surface discharges March 1974.
3. Assessed the potentials for beneficial uses of waste heat
(September 1970) and (under PE 1BB392) demonstrated agricultural uses
including frost protection, row and spray irrigation, subsoil heating,
and greenhouse horticulture (August 1973).
4. Developed guidelines for biological surveys at proposed heat
discharge sites (April 1970).
PROGRAM TRENDS (will be highly dependent on involvement in energy
programs and the pending siting legislation)
1. Quantify secondary environmental effects of cooling systems
(continue coordination with RTP on meteorology and NERL on drift).
2. Report(s) on water use alternatives in coal conversion
facilities (continue coordination with Region VIII, NGPRP).
3. Develop design and operating criteria for large scale (cooling)
water intake structures (coordinate with NWQL).
4. Field verify predictive plume models and assess water quality
impacts of alternative large scale heat control systems (Sect 316(a)
data).
-------
5. Impact ecological modeling in math, statistics, and fluid
dynamics (NWQL & NMWQL).
6. Support Toxic and Hazardous Materials program and OEGC in
litigation involving water quality and effluent criteria.
7. Periodic submission of reports to the Congress required by
Sect 104(t).
8. Energy?
Prepared for NERC/COV program coordination and orientation meeting
3/10-14/74.
-------
1BA032
SPECIAL STUDIES STAFF
PROFESSIONAL STAFF
HA'CII 1071
DISCIPLINE
83
BA
"0A
vs
MA
DVM
MO j
SCO
BIOLOGICAL (Bacteriology Qotany,
AND f ntomoiogy. Physiology.
AGRICULTURAL Flotation Biology Soil
SCIENCES Microbiology, Zoo'ogy)
(Analytical, Biochemistry,
CHEMISTRY Organic, Pharmaceutical.
Physical)
ENGINEERING
(Acosnacc CMr.Tnic.il,
C ivil, t-ieclMC.il. Environmental.
Industrial, f/cchnmcal.
fi'.cl.illuigical. Nuclear,
Sanitary)
HEALTH FIELDS
(!"n.ironn cnt.li Health,
CjudcirnolcQy fccJione.
Palho'ciy Plwmirc ciy,
Fl.i iuiti'jn Hc.iilh Toxicology.
Vc!cnnar\ ."iCtJ'C'f'O)
MATHEMATICAL
SCIENCES
(O'CSlii'Mics. Computer
Sccncc, Mathematics,
Stat^l'Cs)
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
(E iophystC9,
Meteorology, Physics)
%
OTHER
TOTAL
(C.:j:.inc:s AtlT.'nislrjtlon,
Lav/, Psv chology.
S jciolorjy Technical
Manatjcmcnl)
%
PhO
total
3
3
t-
V
-------
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center-Corval1 is
EUTROPHICATION AND LAKE RESTORATION BRANCH
(1BA031) T r M 1 D
T. E. Maloney, Branch Chief
The Eutrophicaton and Lake Restoration Branch is responsible for the
development, direction, coordination and review of research and
development programs on a National scale to provide for the control
of accelerated eutrophication and methodology for lake restoration.
Its primary objectives are to 1) develop an understanding of the
eutrophication process, 2) develop methods for monitoring eutrophication
conditions and for predicting the impact of nutrient sources on
eutrophication, 3) develop technology to control and reverse eutrophication
processes, and 4) establish the practicability of using this technology
through pilot and demonstration scale application. The Branch also
provides consultation and technical assistance to other research
programs and regulatory sections of EPA; other Federal agencies;
state and municipal governments; and to universities, private firms,
and industries.
I. Supporting Legislation - The supporting legislation for the
intra-and extramural research are Sections 104(a); 106, Appendix A;
and 314 (a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (PL 92-500).
II. Resources and Implementation
A. ROAP 21 AIY - The determination of Lake Restoration Procedures
-------
1. Resources
Allowance Cat. Funding (K) % of Total PMY
AA-3 572 53
EA-3 461 43
CA-3 15 1
FA-3 35 3
TOTALS 1083 100 16.0
2. Implementation - Evaluate effectiveness of various
manipulations as lake restoration procedures. These
include research and demonstrations on point source
nutrient removal, nutrient diversion, nutrient inactiva-
tion, aeration and weed harvest.
B. ROAP 21 AJA - Predictive Models for the Eutrophication Process.
1. Resources
Allowance Cat. Funding(K) % of Total PMY
AA-3 99 92
CA-3 5 4
EA-3 4 4
TOTALS 108 100 0.3
2. Implementation - Emphasis has been placed upon development
of an adequate, readily accessible data file for Shagawa Lake
and upon development of mathematical models to simulate biological
(particularly algal) activity in the lake and to simulate
recovery of the lake.
-------
ROAP 21 AJE - Development of Techniques to Measure Nutrients from
Diffuse Sources
1. Resources
Allowance Cat. Funding(K) % of Total PMY
AA-3 52 60
EA-3 35 40
TOTALS 87 100 1.0
2. Implementation - Emphasis is on the development of
laboratory and/or field methods for quantitatively describing
the nutrient contribution from diffuse sources.
ROAP 21 AJF - Development of Methods for Assessing and Categorizing
the Potential Eutrophication of Natural Waters.
1 . Resources
Allowance Cat. Funding (K) % of Total PMY
AA-3 189 66
EA-3 97 34
TOTALS 286 100 6.3
2. Implementation - Emphasis is on the development, evaluation
and promulgation of laboratory and field techniques for
measuring, predicting and categorizing the response of aquatic
ecosystems to specific additions or reductions of nutrients.
-------
III. Major Accomplishments to Date
A. Developed provisional algal assay procedure (2/69)
B. Conducted eutrophication - biostimulation assessment workshop (6/69)
C. Conducted workshop on modeling the eutrophication process (10/69)
D. Evaluated impact of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) on the
eutrophication process (10/70)
E. Completed evaluation of phosphorus removal pilot plant
at Ely, Minnesota (10/70)
F. Established significance of phosphorus in the eutrophication
process (2/71)
G. Evaluated aeration as a lake restoration procedure (5/71)
H. Developed cooperative project with U.S. Forest Service to
restore Diamond Lake, Oregon (5/71)
I. Completed design of advanced waste treatment plant at Ely,
Minnesota (6/71)
J. Completed standardization of algal assay procedure for studying
eutrophication problems (8/71)
K. Completed evaluation of induced soil percolation to remove
nutrients from wastewater (5/72)
L. Completed evaluation of weed harvesting as a lake restoration
technique (12/72)
M. Completed evaluation of potential effects of campground
wastes on ultra-oligotrophic Waldo Lake, Oregon (2/73)
N. Prepared report to Administration, Region X on the predicted
effect of elimination of smelter wastes upon the growth
of algae in the Spokane River Basin (2/73)
0. Reviewed revised phosphorus control goals and criteria for
Region V. (3/73)
-------
P. Full-scale advanced waste treatment plant at Ely, Minnesota
becomes operational (4/73)
Q. Completed preliminary mathematical model for Shagawa Lake,
Minnesota (8/73)
R. Conducted Workshop on modeling the eutrophication process (9/73)
S. Completed reduction of limnological data on Shagawa Lake,
Minnesota prior to point source phosphorus removal (12/73)
IV. Program Trends In the next two to five years, the following will
probably be accomplished.
A. Evaluation of the effects of the advanced waste treatment (phosphorus
removal) plant at Ely, Minnesota upon the recovery of Shagawa Lake
will be completed.
B. A final report summarizing the state-of-the-art of all lake
restoration methods will be published.
C. Evaluation of alum, a, nutrient inactivant, to restore Twin
Lakes, Ohio will be completed.
D. Evaluation of nutrient diversion as a method to restore Lake
Sallie, Minnesota will be completed.
E. The present mathematical model for Shagawa Lake will be
expanded and revised and the results applied to other lake systems.
F. The capability for prediction of time course for the
restoration of lakes will be refined.
G. Sediment - water nutrient interchange models will be developed.
H. Testing and evaluation of model development aimed at an
increased understanding of lake metabolism and the effects of
manipulation will be continued.
I. A final report on the laboratory evaluation of nutrient
inactivation will be completed.
J. Reports on the field testing of several of the most promising
nutrient inactivants will be completed. These will include the
effectiveness and practicability of specific inactivants as well
as methodology for operational use.
-------
K. Management alternatives for eutrophic ecosystems where nutrients
cannot be controlled will be developed.
L. The effect of nutrient interception and diversion on Diamond
Lake, Oregon will be evaluated.
M. It will be demonstrated how algal assays can be used to aid
enactment of realistic critical nutrient criteria in river systems.
N. Interaction of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste
effluents upon the growth of plankton algae in a multiple use river
system will be evaluated.
0. Development and laboratory and field evaluation of a marine
assay procedure to study eutrophication problems will be completed.
P. The practical utilization of the algal assay procedure in
predicting the enrichment or inhibitory characteristics of wastewater
from non-point sources will be evaluated.
There are certain technical bars to the accomplishment of some of the
above. In general, for example, mathematical models require 1) formulation
of relationships between compartments or elements and 2) estimation of the
magnitude of forcing functions and values of coefficients. The more
complex the model, the greater the number of relationships and coefficients
necessary. There have always been technical barriers to obtaining the
necessary data for complete validation of the relationships and coefficients.
The projection of funds on the FY 75 EROS's do not allocate resources for
extramural support of ROAP 21 AJA, which is concerned with modeling.
This will cause delay in the development of mathematical models.
Development of management alternatives for eutrophic ecosystems when
nutrients cannot be controlled will not be carried out unless ROAP 21
A1Z is approved.
-------
A major problem exists in developing full-scale lake restoration programs.
While we are able to develop and evaluate lake restoration techniques
through the laboratory and pilot-scale level, resources are not available
to carry out full-scale demonstrations. Section 314(a) of PL 92-500
provides funds to States for lake restoration. It is unlikely that these
funds will become available in the near future. Even if they do, however,
there is no provision to obtain good baseline data prior to a manipulation
or to continue to obtain data after the manipulation is carried out.
Without such data, a restorative procedure cannot be properly scientifically
evaluated.
Coordination with other NERC, Corvallis laboratories and other government
agencies would aid in the achievement of our goals. For example, we are
highly dependent upon interagency agreements with the U. S. Geological
Survey to obtain necessary hydrologic data for Shagawa, Waldo and
Diamond Lakes. Also, cooperative effort with the Army Corps of
Engineers would be most helpful in evaluating the use of dredging as
a lake restoration procedure. This is already being investigated.
The utilization of the mathematical modeling capability at SERL as well
as the financial resources available at the Grosse He Laboratory would
hasten our accomplishments in mathematical modeling.
-------
SPECIAL STUDIES STAFF
1BA031
PROFESS
MARC
DISCIPLINE
ONAL STAFF
-1 1974
BIOLOGICAL
AND
AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES
(3actenology, Botany,
Entomology, Physiology.
Fadiation Biology. Soil
Microbiology, Zoology)
CHEMISTRY
(Analytical. Biochemistry.
Organic, Pharmaceutical,
Fhysicnl)
ENGINEERING
(Aerospace. Chemical,
Civil. Electrical. Environmental,
Industrial. Mechanical,
Metallurgical, Nuclear,
Sanitary)
HEALTH FIELDS
({Environmental Health,
Epidemiology, Medicine.
Pathology Pharmacology.
Radiation Health Toxicology.
Veterinary Medicine)
MATHEMATICAL
SCIENCES
([liostatT-tics. Computer
S:icnce, Mathematics,
Slaliblics)
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
(Eiiophysics,
Meteorology. Physics)
OTHER
TOTAL
(E.usmess Administration,
Law, Psychology.
Sociology, Technical
Management)
QS
BA
MBA
MS
MA
DVM
MO
ScD
PhO
total
3
2
3
3
3
/-?
2
f
J
1
1
2
1
I
2
7
3
sT
3
3
-------
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center - Corvallis
LABORATORY SERVICES BRANCH
D. F. Krawczyk, Branch Chief
Mission
Service is the mission of the Laboratory Services Branch. Routine
chemical analyses, computer assistance, electronic repair - modification,
and routine glass repair - glassblowing are the areas of service within
the realm of LSB. Since the Agency does not have unlimited resources to
provide an unlimited supply of analytical chemical, computer, and electronic
technicians, specialists are available to each of the programs that require
an intermittent use of these special services. This pooling of resources
into a manageable unit is the other alternative to each program operating
independently. This type of an approach is not new in the "Industrial
World" but is used infrequently in governmental operations.
The methodology used by the Laboratory Services Branch is that which
has been documented in the literature. Our purpose is not research in
methodology but the use of accepted and modified techniques in support
of research needs.
Resources and Program Implementation
The Laboratory Services Branch has nine professional and four technical
permanent positions as well as one clerical permanent position. The work
force also includes a variable level of work study, stay in school, and
temporary employees. The work load generated by the various research
programs governs the number of non-permanent employees. There are 40 people
working in the Laboratory Services Branch at this time; this is equivalent
to 21.5 man weeks of effort per week. The total budget for FY-73 was 406
thousand dollars. The total budget for FY-74 is 381 thousand dollars.
One of the tools for managing, tracking and scheduling samples and
reporting data is the SHAVES system. SHAVES is a sample-handling and
verification system that combines routine chemical and microbiological
analysis with a programmed computer operation to achieve a businesslike
approach in laboratory management. The computer is used as a tool to
produce bench sheets to catalog data and to provide data summaries, weekly
production information, schedules, and backlog information. The SHAVES
program enables the laboratory manager to monitor production and costs.
SHAVES is very flexible and rarely goes more than a month without some change
improve some phase of operation. The more routine the operation becomes,
the more valuable SHAVES is as a tool.
A modified version of SHAVES is now being used by the Shagawa Lake
Eutrophication Control Project. Copies of the basic data are mailed to
-------
Corvallis. The keypunching, verification, correction of errors, and input
into the computer file are done at Corvallis. The staff located in Corvallis
who are responsible for the Shagawa Lake study can then assist the personnel
on site at Ely, Minnesota in evaluating and modeling the data output. In
the case of the Shagawa Lake study where a minimum number of people is
involved in the collection and analysis of data, the verification, input,
and cataloging phases of SHAVES have been found to be of value.
Major Accomplishments
Corvallis analyzed approximately 30,000 samples from all sources
conducting approximately 220,000 analyses during calendar year 1973.
When comparing calendar year 1972 with 1973, the sample load has
approximately tripled and the analytical load has approximately
quadrupled. Production in the automated section continues to increase
from 15.2 analyses per man hour in the first quarter of FY-74 to 19.4 man hours
in the second quarter to 21.9 man hours thru the first seven weeks of the
third quarter.
The use of production line techniques has brought down the average
cost of an average analysis from $5.93 per test in FY-72 to $1.75 per test
thru the first half of FY-74.
The computer section provides service to other programs, and, excepting
the development of SHAVES for the Laboratory Services Branch, its accomplish-
ments are achievements in behalf of others. The computer section has
generated data reduction and reporting systems for algal assays; participated
in building models of thermal pollution, along with extensive plot programs
for their output; participated similarly with models for coastal pollution;
assisted the administrative programs of the NERC in operating or developing
administrative support systems in areas of financial management, property
and personnel; represented NERC-Corvallis on agency-wide task forces; and per-
formed countless data reduction tasks for the staff of NERC-Corvallis.
A major accomplishment as reported in a Program Highlights Newsletter is
the "Automated, Computer-Controlled, Chemical Analytical System." This
unique scheduling system including data capture and monitoring of AQC information
has been provided for the automated section of LSB by the computer section.
SHAVES has been just as valuable for the Ely operation as for the
Corvallis unit. During calendar year 1973 at Ely approximately 2,300 samples
were collected on which 29,000 analyses were run.
-------
q:
;cipline
SPECIAL STUDIES STAFF
PROFESS'ONAL STAFF
MARCH
F ^LOGICAL
Af D
AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES
(Bacteriology. Botany,
Entomology, Physiology,
F'.adiation Biology, Soil
Microbiology, Zoology)
197-1
OS
8A
MBA
(^n.ilytlcnl. DIochemiMry,
CHEMISTRY Ciffj3iile. Nharmacoulical,
Fhysical)
(Aerospace. Chemical,
Civil, Electrical, Environmental,
ENGINEERING Industrial, Mechanical.
Metallurgical, Nuclear,
Sanitary)
2
(finvironmcntal Health,
Epidemiology, Medicine,
HEALTH FIELDS Pathology. Pharmacology,
Radiation Health. Toxicology,
Veterinary Mcdicmc)
MATHEMATICAL (^statistics. Computer
C'pi"mr*ro Science, Mathematics,
SCIuNCES Stati3t.es)
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
(E'.iofjhysics,
Meteorology, Physics)
OTHER
(E.usiness Administration,
L.iw, Psychology.
Sociology, Technical
Management)
TOTAL
-------
Section 8.
ROBERT S. KERR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
-------
WATER QUALITY CONTROL
Program Element 1BB045
Summary - February 1, 1974
MISSION
The mission of the Water Quality Control Branch is to conduct research
to develop and demonstrate technology for controlling water pollution by
means other than conventional treatment. Primary objectives are (a) to
develop design and operating criteria for treatment and disposal of waste-
waters utilizing soil systems, (b) the development and demonstration of
unique, non-conventional biological systems for treatment of point-source
pollutants and to diminish or eliminate effects of non-point source
pollutants, (c) the development of engineering systems for use in streams,
lakes, and reservoirs to improve water quality, and (d) research directed
to controlling pollution from industries by non-treatment methods.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
Soil Treatment Research and Development - PL 92-500, Sec. 101(a)(1),
Sec. 104(a)(1), Sec. 104(d)(1), Sec. 105(a)(2), Sec. 105(d)(2),
Sec. 304(b)(1).
Develop Biological Systems - PL 92-500, Sec. 104(a)(1), Sec. 104(d)(1),
Sec. 105(a)(2), Sec. 105(d)(2), Sec. 318.
Stream, Lake, and Reservoir Water Quality Research - PL 92-500,
Sec. 104(a)(1), Sec. 104(d)(3), Sec. 104(n)(l), Sec. 104(S),
Sec. 105(b), Sec. 105(d)(1), Sec. 115.
Control of Pollutants from Industry - PL 92-500, Sec. 104(a)(1),
Sec. 104(b)(2), Sec. 104(b)(3), Sec. 104(b)(4), Sec. 104(b)(7).
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
FY '74 Resources Summary
Task Type Amount % of Total
In-house $ 275K 21.2
Contracts 35K 2.7
Grants 988K 76.1
Total $1,298K 100.0
Primary Program Thrust, FY '74
1. Research, development, and demonstration of soil systems
for wastewater treatment.
2. Development of biological systems for control of water
quality.
-------
Professional Staff Summary
Discipline B.S. M.S. Sc.D Ph.D Total
Biological Sciences 1 12
Chemistry 1 1
Engineering 1 113
Physical Sciences 1 1
Totals 2 2 12 7
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
1. Design and operating data for treatment of cannery wastewaters by
soil treatment - October 1970.
2. Development of reservoir destratification systems - December 1970
(additional work sponsored since this date).
3. Development of engineering methodology for river and stream
reaeration - February 1972.
A. Development of model phosphate-free home laundry detergents -
June 1972.
5. Laboratory development of methods for controlling mercury in
bottom deposits - March 1973.
6. Publication of a catalog of manufactured products having water
pollution potential - June 1973.
7. Compilation of existing design and operating information for
wastewater treatment and reuse by land application - November 1973.
8. Assistance to OWPO in preparation of guidelines for soil treatment
systems - January 1974.
9. Dissemination of information on soil treatment systems through
workshops, seminars, and conferences - July 1968; September 1971;
June 1972; August 1972; May 1973.
PROGRAM TRENDS
The major emphasis in the program in the next two to five years will
undoubtedly be research and development of land application systems. Dur-
ing this period, design and operating criteria should be completed for the
crop irrigation mode, development of criteria for the infiltration-
percolation mode should be well advanced, and the overland flow mode should
-------
be in the full-scale development phase. The single, most Important
barrier to achieving these objectives is the lack of information on
public health effects. This can be overcome by greatly increasing EPA
commitment of resources to this program or through EPA's health effects
programs, or by cooperative arrangement with other Governmental agencies;
i.e., Department of Agriculture, Corps of Engineers, National Institute
of Health.
There is a developing interest in utilization of wastewater for
beneficial uses for the production of food and fiber by such means as
crop irrigation, aquaculture, and hydroponics. The program has had a
small funding in these areas which, from present indications, will see
a modest Increase in FY '75. Within the next five years, a good start
can be made in aquaculture if funds become available. The Office of
Water Program Operations is Interested in this technology as a possible
means of upgrading lagoon effluents.
-------
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER
Program Element 1BA024
Summary - February 5, 1974
MISSION
The mission of the Subsurface Environment Branch is to
conduct research for the purpose of developing technical
information and technology applicable to the protection or
restoration of ground-water resources. Primary objectives
are: (a) to define national ground-water pollution problems;
(b) advance the state of knowledge relating to the transport
process of pollutants in the subsurface environment; (c) develop
decision criteria relating to waste disposal practices including
subsurface waste injection; and (d) modeling for ground-water
basin management.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
Comprehensive Programs, Investigations, and Guidelines -
PL 92-500, Sec. 102(a), Sec. 104(a), Sec. 304(a)(2),
Sec. 304 (e).
Ground-Water Monitoring - PL 92-500, Sec. 104(a)(5).
Ground-Water Protection - PL 92-500, Sec. 105(e)(2),
Sec. 202 (b) (2); Pending Safe Drinking Water Act,
Sec. 1206.
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
FY 74 Resources Summary
Task Type
Amount
% of Total
In-House
Grant
Contract
$199.4
100.6
66.0
54.5
27.5
18.0
Total
$366.0
100.0
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Primary Program Thrust/ FY 74
1. National ground-water utilization and pollution
problems reports.
2. Septic tank design criteria.
3. Subsurface environmental measuring techniques.
4. Second National Ground Water Quality Symposium.
Professional Staff Summary
Discipline B.S. M.S. Ph.D. Total
Biological Sciences 1 1
Chemistry 1 2 3
Engineering 2 2
Total 13 2 6
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
From the Branch's Bibliography containing 31 items, the
following were selected as significant accomplishments.
1. Design and construction of ground-water sampling
equipment which has been duplicated several times -
1968 .(March) .
2. Develop new technique to determine aquifer storage -
1969 (January).
3. Evaluated Corps of Engineers salt water detention
structures using radiotracers - 1969 (December)
4. Research relating to revised state statutes
regulating salt water disposal - 1970 (June).
5. Ground-water reclamation by selective pumping - 1971
6. Testimony before the Senate Subcommittee on Air
and Water Pollution covering subsurface waste
disposal - 1971(April).
7. Research relating to EPA's position on NTA - 1971
(November).
-------
8. First National Ground Water Quality Symposium - 1971(Aug.).
9. New techniques to identify ground-water pollution
sources - 1973.
10. A definition of subsurface biological activity -
1973 iSeptember)
11. Ground-water pollution problems defined for the
southwestern (1971), south central (1973), North
Atlantic (1974), and northwestern(1974) states.
PROGRAM TRENDS
Major emphasis in the Branch for the next few years will
include a continuing effort to outline ground-water utilization
and pollution problems until the continental United States and
Hawaii and Alaska are adequately discussed in report form.
A major thrust will continue and will be increased to
define the subsurface environment as a pollution receptor.
This will include both the development of new drilling and
sampling techniques and investigations of the transport
processes of pollutants in this environment.
Considerable effort will be given to the recalcitrants
of pollutants moving from waste treatment facilities to
ground water. This work will result on design and construction
criteria.
A strong working relationship has developed between our
Branch and the Air and Water Programs. This relationship will
be strengthened in the future by working closely together on
common goals.
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MINING SOURCES
Program Element 1BB040
Summary - February 1974
MISSION
The Mining Wastes Section of the Treatment and Control Technology
Branch of the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory is
responsible for the conductance of intra and extramural research efforts
under Program Element 1BB040, ERQS-RQAP No. 21 BDV, Problem Assessment
and Plan Development for Active Ores, Minerals, and Non-Coal Fuel Mining
Operations. Areas of national environmental concern included under
RQAP 21 BDV are the determination of the extent and magnitude of pollution
occurrence from non-coal mining operations, and the development of success-
ful mining waste treatment technologies in the following categories:
minerals, ores, non-coal fuels, oil shale, and off-shore operations.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION: Public Law 92-500
1. Sediment pollution control--Section 104,n,l
2. Grants for R§D--Section 105
3. Mine water pollution control demonstrations--Section 107
4. Mine-related sources of pollution--Section 208,G
5. Best practical (1977) and best available control technology--
Section 301
6. Mining waste guidelines--Section 304,e,B
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
FY 74 Resources Summary
Task Type MY Amount % of Total
In-House 4.0 100K 100
Primary Program Thrust, FY 74
1. Due to the great number of minerals, ores, and non-coal fuels
currently being mined in the United States, a study comprising
60 of these substances was conducted to establish a priority
rationale matrix for the expenditure of research monies. A
more detailed study will be initiated in FY 74 to determine
the magnitude of pollution occurrence for each of the top
12 elements.
-------
2. Completion of FY 73 State-of-the-Art documents delayed
due to the assignment of section personnel to higher-
priority projects within EPA.
Professional Staff Summary
Discipline B.S. M.S. Ph.D. Total
Biological 5 11
Agricultural
Sciences
Chemistry 11 2
Total 1113
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
Extramural
14010 ENW - Microbiological Removal of Iron from Mine Waters.
EPA Report 9/72.
14020 EHW - North Fork Alluvial Decontamination Project.
Final report is under review.
14020 FVW - Brine Disposal Treatment Practices Relating to
the Oil Production Industry. Report under final review.
14030 EDB - Water Pollutional Potential of Spent Oil Shale
Residues. EPA Report 12/71.
In-House
Oil Production--Research Needs and Priorities Report
Forwarded to Headquarters for review.
Pollutional Problems and Research Needs for an Oil Shale
Industry - Report is being updated prior to submission for
publication.
State-of-the-Art: Sand and Gravel - Report is under initial
review.
State-of-the-Art: Uranium Mining, Milling, and Refining
Industry - Report has been completed and is ready for
publication.
-------
Sealants for Mine Tailings Pond - Report has been written
and is under initial review.
Report: Priority Rationale Matrix for Minerals, Ores, and
Fuels - Study has been completed and circulated within EPA
confines (9/73).
PROGRAM TRENDS
1. Report: Research Priority Rationale Matrix for Minerals,
Ores, and Non-Coal Fuels
Report: Magnitude of Pollution Occurrence for Ores,
Minerals, and Non-Coal Fuels
Report: R§D Control Technology Plan for Mining
Report: Current Treatment Technologies for Non-Metallic
Minerals
Report: Pollution Potential of Off-Shore Mining Operations
Report: R§D Control Technology Plan for Off-Shore Mining
Operations
2. Coordination: Inter-NERC coordination with Cincinnati would be
beneficial.
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AGRICULTURAL SOURCES
Program Element 1BB039
Irrigation Return Flows
Animal Feedlots
Summary - February 1974
MISSION
The Agricultural Wastes Section, Treatment and Control Technology
Branch, has the responsibility for implementing and directing intramural,
field, and extramural research activities in the National Animal Feedlot
Wastes and National Irrigation Return Flow Programs.
The major goals of the National Animal Feedlot Wastes R§D Program
are to define the animal waste problem and its real and potential pollutional
effects; to determine technically deficient areas of control; to conduct and
stimulate research, development and demonstration of practical and to dissemi-
nate available and new pollution control technology to other EPA programs,
other federal and state agencies, and to the industry. The program is de-
signed to meet immediate as well as long range needs for the application and
evaluation of techniques, equipment, recycle and reuse systems, and for
ultimate waste disposal. The program recognizes the interrelationship of
solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes and their treatment/control and disposal
technology.
The major goal of the National Irrigation Return Flow R§D Program is
to find practical and economically acceptable means to control the pollutant
(i.e., salinity, nutrients, sediments, pesticides) contributions of irrigated
agriculture to our surface and groundwater resources. This can be stated in
several more specific objectives as follows: (a) Gain knowledge relative to
prediction techniques, management practices, and treatment/control measures
that may be applied to water quality problems of irrigation return flow,
(b) Evaluate the effect of present irrigation practices on salt loads entering
river systems, particularly through groundwater drainage systems, (c) Demon-
strate that improved farm water management offers feasible means of minimizing
salt and nutrient degradation of return flow without sacrificing crop yields,
(d) Develop recommendations and guidelines on irrigation practices, methods,
and systems which would have the greatest effect of reducing pollutant contri-
butions in return flow while maintaining an acceptable salt balance in the
crop root zone.
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
Authority for the activities of the Agricultural Wastes Section is
found in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
(P.L. 92-500). Section 104(p) specifically refers to "...a comprehensive
study and research program to determine new and improved methods and the
better application of existing methods of preventing, reducing, and elimina-
ting pollution from agriculture, including the legal, economic, and other
implications of the use of such methods." Section 105(e) authorizes
"...grants for research and demonstration projects with respect to new and
improved methods of preventing, reducing, and eliminating pollution from
agriculture... as well as the dissemination of such information to encourage
ana enable the adoption of such methods by the agricultural industry. Infor-
mation generated by these R£|D activities will be additionally useful to other
EPA programs having responsibilities to publish information guidelines (Sec. 304),
establish effluent limitations and standards (Sec. 301 and 306), identify and
evaluate the nature and extent of nonpoint sources of pollutants and the
processes, procedures, and methods to control pollution from such sources
(Sec. 304 e).
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
FY 74 Resources Summary
Task Type
In-House
IRF
AF
Extramural Grants
IRF
AF
Technical Asst.
Totals
Man Years
3.3
3.3
0.9
7.5
Amount
88K
83K
900K
512K
22K
1605K
% of Total
5.5
5.2
56.1
31.9
1.3
100.0
Professional Staff Summary
Discipline B.S.
Biological and
Agricultural
Sciences
Soil Science
Microbiology
Aquatic Biology
Engineering
Agricultural
Totals
M.S.
Ph.D.
Total
2
1
1
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MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
Irrigation Return Flow R§D Program:
1. "Characteristics and Pollution Problems of Irrigation Return
Flow." State-of-the-art report by Utah State University-
Foundation . 5/69.
2. "Research Needs for Irrigation Return Flow Quality Control."
Water Pollution Control Research Series No. 13030 -- 11/71.
3. "National Irrigation Return Flow Research and Development
Program." Water Pollution Control Research Series No. 13030
GJS 12/71.
4. "Managing Irrigated Agriculture to Improve Water Quality",
Proceedings of National Conference held at Grand Junction,
Colorado. May 16-18, 1972.
5. "Evaluation of Canal Lining for Salinity Control in Grand
Valley, Colorado." Environmental Protection Technology Series
No. EPA-R2-72-047. October 1972.
6. Techniques for Nitrate Removal from Agricultural Drainage were
studied at the Interagency Agricultural Wastewater Treatment
Center, Firebaugh, California, during a four-year period from
1968 through June 1971.
7. "Selected Irrigation Return Flow Quality Abstracts 1968-1969."
Reports No. EPA-R2-72-094, October 1972 and EPA-R2-73-271,
June 1973.
8. "Prediction Modeling for Salinity Control in Irrigation Return
Flows." EPA-R2-73-168. March 1973.
Animal Feedlot Wastes R$D Program:
1. Comprehensive State-of-the-art report, "Pollution Implications
of Animal Wastes - A Forward Oriented Review." July 1968.
2. Conference Proceedings, "Agricultural Practices and Water
Quality", 13040 EYX 11/69.
3. "Characteristics of Wastes from Southwestern Cattle Feedlots",
13040 DEM 01/71.
-------
4. "Closed System Waste Management for Livestock", 13040 DKP 06/71.
5. "Evaluation of Beef Cattle Feedlot Waste Management Alternatives"
13040 FXG 11/71.
6. "Characteristics of Rainfall Runoff from a Beef Cattle Feedlot",
EPA-R2-72-061. September 1972.
7. "Beef Cattle Feedlot Site Selection", EPA-R2-72-129. November 1972.
8. "Bibliography of Livestock Waste Management", EPA-R2-72-101.
December 1972.
9. "National Animal Feedlot Wastes Research Program", EPA-R2-73-157.
February 1973.
10. Conference Proceedings with ANCA "Environment Protecting Concepts
of Beef Cattle Feedlot Wastes Management." August 1973.
PROGRAM TRENDS
Irrigation Return Flow Program:
1. Completion and field verification of the prediction model developed
by the Bureau of Reclamation for EPA (Interagency Agreement).
2. Workshop to assess the validity and usefulness of the USBR model
as a prediction tool for irrigation return flow quality and
quantity.
3. Conference on the use of modeling to manage irrigation for salinity
control in return flows (first generation management models and
their usefulness).
4. Completion of first "total package salinity control project" in
the upper Colorado River Basin, including evaluation of various
salinity control measures studied (first generation "best practi-
cable control technology").
5. Complete state-of-the-art report on scientific irrigation
scheduling as a tool to increase water use efficiency and decrease
salinity discharges from irrigated areas.
6. Complete evaluation of legal constraints and western water law
with regard to implementation of salinity control technology,
including recommended changes to reduce such constraints.
-------
7. Complete studies relating to economic and institutional
constraints to improve management with recommendations on
how these may best be overcome.
8. First generation management manual for implementation of
demonstrated technology for control of pollutant discharges
from irrigated areas.
9. Conference on implementation of "best practicable control
technology" for irrigation return flow.
Animal Feedlot Wastes Program:
1. Completion of the R§D work on land disposal of animal waste will
result in a state-of-the-art and a user's manual for land disposal
management. Additional studies are underway to deteimine the
pollution potential of the natural runoff from areas of land
disposal.
2. Develop reuse process to convert animal wastes into synthesis gas
for use in the production of ammonia. Other reuse systems are
also being investigated at this time and include conversion to
various building materials.
3. Develop, with the assistance of the industry, refeeding systems
utilizing animal wastes as roughage and/or a protein source. A
major effort will be evaluating all such systems as to their effect
on the environment, as compared to the more conventional methods
of animal waste disposal.
4. Develop and publish a series of waste management manuals for
animal producers by species type. The complexity of the industry,
climatic variations, and the wide range of housing and confinement
systems dictate the development of several different management
systems to solve the animal waste problems.
5. The problem on non-point source or non-feedlot produced animals
will be investigated in order to establish the potential pollution
of range or pasture animals. The second phase of this program will
be the development, if necessary, of control and management methods
for this problem.
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INDUSTRIAL WASTES
Program Element 1BB036
Chemical and Allied Products
Petroleum and Coal Processing
Joint Industrial/Municipal
Summary - February 1974
MISSION
The National Petroleum-Organic Chemicals Wastes Section, Treatment
and Control Technology Branch, has the responsibility for implementing
and directing intramural, field and extramural research activities in the
subject sub-elements of Program Element 1BB036.
The major goal is directed toward total environmental control by
identification of the concerned industries' waste characteristics and
the development and demonstration of applicable, economically feasible
treatment methods; dissemination of collected information, technical
assistance efforts to federal, state, and industrial segments, analyzing
"split samples" with grantees, and participating in effluent guideline
meetings are included in the major goal.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
Section 101 (a) (6) of PL 92-500 states, "It is the national policy
that a major research and demonstration effort be made to develop technology
necessary to eliminate the discharge of pollutants into the navigable waters,
waters of the contiguous zone, and the oceans."
Section 104 (a) (1) (2) (3) (4) (6) summarily establish national
programs for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution through
research investigation, demonstration, studies, and technical assistance.
Section 104 (B) (6) concerns the collection and dissemination of basic
data on chemical, physical, and biological effects of varying water quality
pertaining to pollution.
Section 105 (i) (1) is directed to research studies, experiments, and
demonstrations for the removal of oil from any waters.
Section 104 (M) (1) relates to the disposal of waste oil, biological
effects, and potential marketing of such oil.
Section 105 (a) (1) is directed to the demonstration of new or
improved methods of preventing, reducing, and eliminating the discharge
-------
into waters of pollutants from sewers which carry storm water or both
storm water or pollutants.
Section 105 (c) (1§2) provides for "conduct in the EPA" and research
and demonstration projects for the prevention of pollution of any waters
by industry.
Section 105 (d) (1,2,3) provide for a practical application of waste
management methods, advance waste treatment, and improved identification
methods.
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
FY 74 Resources Summary
Task Type Amount Man Years
In-House $225K 9.0
Contracts 17K
Grants 782K
Professional Staff Summary
Discipline B.S. M.S. Ph.D. Total
Chemistry 3 3
Engineering 2 13
Total 2 3 16
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
1. State-of-the-Art - Refining/Petrochemical Wastewaters
2. Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Characterization
3. Organic Chemicals Wastewater Survey
4. Oily Sludge Disposal by Soil Treatment
5. Solids Disposal by Incineration
6. Multi-Media Filtration for Solids Removal
7. Activated Carbon Treatment of Storm and Refinery Process Water
8. Activated Carbon Treatment of Refinery Process Water
9. Demonstration of Activated Carbon Treatment of API Separator
-------
Effluent and Biological Treatment Effluent
10. Biological Treatment of Refinery and Petrochemical wastes
11. Wastewater Treatment Costs for Petroleum Refinery/Organic
Chemicals
PROGRAM TRENDS
1. More extensive wastewater characterization to define problem
areas.
2. Investigation of process unit treatment schemes.
3. Demonstration of physical and chemical treatment systems.
4. Dissolved solids removal for wastewater reuse/recycle within
the industrial complex.
5. In-plant management techniques.
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Section 9.
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
-------
AGRICULTURAL SOURCES POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH
AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS BRANCH
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
H. P. Nicholson, Ph.D.
MISSION
To develop engineering or management systems to control pollution
from poultry production, aquaculture, and runoff from agricultural and
forest lands.
Control technology under development for runoff pollution consists
of mathematical models that describe dynamically the behavior and move-
ment of agricultural chemicals, biodegradable organics, pathogens, heavy
metals and air pollution fallout into surface or ground waters. Treatment
systems integrated with agronomic utilization and complete recycle tech-
nology are being developed for poultry production and aquaculture.
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
P. L. 92-500 authorizes:
1. Investigation of methods to control the release of pesticides
into the environment...and alternatives thereto (Sec. 104-1).
2. Efforts to determine new and improved methods and better
application of existing methods of preventing, reducing, and eliminating
pollution from agriculture (Sec. 104-p).
3. An accelerated effort to develop, refine and achieve practical
waste management methods applicable to non-point sources pollution including
elimination of runoff from in-place or accumulated sources (b'ec. 105-d).
The above research will satisfy or support the satisfaction of needs
expressed elsewhere in the law as follows:
1. Area-wide waste treatment management planning is required (Sec.
208) as are grants to State or interstate agencies for demonstrations,
-------
on a river basin scale, of advanced treatment and environmental enhance-
ment techniques to control pollution from all sources including non-point
(Sec. 105-b). Sec. 208-b-F specifically calls for a process to identify
agriculturally and silviculturally related non-point sources pollution,
including runoff from manure disposal areas, and from land used for
livestock and crop production and the setting forth of procedures to
control such sources.
2. The Administrator is directeJ to issue guidelines for identifying
and evaluating the nature and extent of non-point sources of pollution
and methods to control pollution resulting from agricultural and silvi-
cultural activities, including runoff from fields,, crops and forest
lands (Sec. 304-e-A).
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
RESOURCES SUMMARY
Authorized
ROAP and Subiect 1BB039 $1000 Permanent MY
VcTotal
FY-74
VoTotal
FY-74
FY-74
21AYP Formulate, Field
Verify Pesticide &
Nutrient Runoff Mathe-
matical Model
677.5
100
3.9
In-house - 8 Tasks
237.5
35
IAC - 2
140.0
21
Contracts - 2
185.7
27
Grants - 3
114.3
17
21BBCV Criteria Development
for Agricultural Chemical
Usaga
45.0
100
0.5
In-house - 1 Task
12.5
28
IAG - 1
32.5
72
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RESOURCES SUMMARY
(Continued)
Authorized
Permanent
ROAP and Subject SlQQQ %Total ^
1BB039 FY-74 FY-74 FY-74
21AYU Waste Treatment
& Disposal Systems
for Poultry Wastes
165
100
0.2
In-house - 1 Task
5.
3
Demonstration - 2
160
97
Technical Assistance -
6 Tasks
13
100
0.5
Totals 900.5 5.1
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
Agricultural Runoff Models
1. Completed pesticide problem evaluation and definition studies, 6/69,
which were precursor to a significant proportion of EPA's current fate,
effects and control oriented research and operating programs on pesticide
pollution of water.
2. Fundamental adsorption-desorption kinetics studies of selected
pesticides on clay minerals and bottom sediments completed 6/70.
3. Definition of static pesticide model, 6/69.
4. Pesticide model revised to incorporate dynamics of single runoff events,
4/72.
5. Initial design, installation, and calibration of environmental
monitoring and runoff collection equipment to obtain field data for model
development, 9/72.
6. Computer software development and data reduction, analysis, and distri-
bution of all data to model development contractors, 9/73.
7. First pesticide model, field tested in the Piedmont, 2/74.
-------
8. Begin plant nutrient model development data collection, 4/74.
9. Complete negotiations with ARS for development and criteria
for agricultural chemicals usage, 12/73.
Waste Treatment and Disposal Systems for Poultry Wastes and Aquaculture
1. National conference on agricultural wastes at Cornell University,
2/72.
2. Final report on development and demonstration of nutrient removal
from animal wastes, 7/72.
3. Interim report on design parameters for dairy and poultry waste
treatment systems, 3/74.
4. State-of-art on water pollution implications of commercial catfish
production, 3/74.
PROGRAM TRENDS
Agricultural Runoff Models
1. Agricultural chemicals users manual, 6/75 - based on available
information.
2. Cost-benefit analysis of recommended soil erosion control practices,
1/76.
3. Verified pesticide runoff model for Piedmont and Great Lakes Basin,
including users manual, 9/76; same for nutrients, 3/77.
4. Model extended to biodegradable organics, pathogens and heavy metals,
6/77.
5. Verified pesticide and nutrient watershed models for corn belt
and coastal plains, 7/79.
6. Initial evaluation of gross basin model in Piedmont, 12/77.
7. Users manual for pesticide and nutrient (including animal manures)
based on information from watershed models, gross basin model, and evaluation
-------
of management practices, 6/78.
8. Use completed gross basin model to determine which conservation
(management) practices should be used, 7/79.
9. Verified gross basin model in Piedmont, 12/79.
Pollution from Silvicultural Activities
1. Guidelines for determining pollutant loading functions for forested
watersheds in the Northwest and Southeast, 6/75.
2. Develop and test a watershed model to establish loading functions
and to determine effectiveness of control options; integrate into agricultural
runoff models, 6/76.
3. Develop and test a model for forested basins, 6/77.
Treatment/Disposal Poultry Wastes.
1. Complete development studies for chemical and physical treatment
of poultry waste, 6/74.
2. Complete development studies for biological treatment/land disposal
of poultry wastes, 9/74.
3. Complete demonstration of refeeding study, 9/74.
4. Complete demonstration of biological treatment/land disposal, 2/75
(Also completes ROAP).
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AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS BRANCH
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
MA2LCIL-1974
j ciscipune
n
•JS
CA
v.S ^
1 »r
•' O
1
! CO-T&'
; t" (Bacteriology, Botany,
j ^ Ertomology, Physiology,
! AGRICULTURAL Radiation Qiolcgy, Soil
j SC 5£!\'CES Microbiology, Zoology)
3
: 1
1
i
j (Analytical, Biochemistry,
I ChfiVloTRY Organic, Pharmaceutical,
I Physical)
1
7
1
j ^Aerospace. Chemical,
Civil, Electrical, Environmental,
! -N'GllVEERIKG Industrial. Mechanical,
fv/clanurgical, Nuclear,
[ Sanitary)
2
(Environmental Health.
, Cp'cJcniiolooy, Medicine,
.ALlh rlEi.Jo Pathology, Pharmacology,
Radiation Health, Toxicology,
Veterinary Medicine) j
.\''.ArHrKV'TiCA: (Blcslatlslics, Computer
" Science, Malhcmatics,
Statistics) :
. . '
:
}Ji"! ' SIC/'.L (Biophysics,
Meteorology, Physics)
kj i rr.:n
(0usinc3s Adn-.rnislralion,
Law, Psychology,
Technical
Soc,o;c-yv
2
i i
-------
HEAVY INDUSTRIAL SOURCES RESEARCH, PE 1BB036
AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS BRANCH (AESB)
R. R. Swank, Ph.D.
MISSION
AESB has national responsibility for all waste abatement research
and development activities for the two major industrial categories of
PE 1BB036 directly related to agriculture -- specifically, Agricultural
Chemical (Pesticides and Fertilizers) and Textile Mill Products Manu-
facturing. The principal charge under this responsibility is to develop
and demonstrate in concert with the manufacturers improved or new waste
abatement technologies responsive to the EPA goal of a "clean environment,"
that is, achieving within economically practical limits a multimedia
"zero" pollutant discharge posture, by 1985. Within the framework of
this overall goal, AESB is also responsible for providing the necessary
technology base for legislatively mandated interim objectives for pesti-
cide, fertilizer, and textile manufacturing and processing operations
to include:
e Process specification and demonstration in support of defining
Best Practicable Control Technology and corresponding Effluent Limits for
July 1977 implementation.
e Develop, demonstrate, and document Best Available Control
Technology -- both open and closed cycle -- with its corresponding
Effluent Limits for July 1983 implementation.
e Research, develop, demonstrate, and document multimedia, closed
cycle technologies pursuant to Total Environmental Control objectives
for 1985 implementation. These activities will stress: new production
-------
processes and/or products to avoid pollution; by product recovery and
reuse (including wastewater and brines); and waste conversion or energy
recovery systems on the multi-plant, multi-industry, and regional
scale.
Other important functions of the AESB industrial research staff
must include:
c Technology Transfer and implementation. -- not only technology
developed by AESB but that applicable from other ORD programs; e.g.,
inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, hazardous materials, joint
municipal-industrial, etc.
e Technical assistance to allied ORD programs.
0 Technical support and "expert" backup for EPA regions, Office
of Enforcement, and all other EPA operating programs.
e Coordinator for "Fate and Effect" studies to quantify and/or
verify the environmental benefits to be achieved from candidate treatment
processes prior to their full-scale implementation.
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NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
The primary basis for controlling environmental pollution
continues to be the protection of human health and welfare. The
industries for which AESB has control R&D responsibility are in
themselves crucial to Man's welfare -- the production of his food
and clothing. On the other hand, the manufacturing wastes and
residues involved often entail severe environmental hazards --
eutrophicants, toxic substances, and persistent food chain con-
taminants or inhibitors. Based upon these observations, the AESB
industrial staff recognizes a special obligation to construct an
R&D plan which insures the proper balance between "environmental
protection" and maximum food and fiber output.
The authorization for and specific legislative requirements
(level of control and implementation schedule) to be achieved by
the AESB industrial R&D program is delineated in the Clean Water
Act as amended in 1972 (PL 92-500/72). It is in the overall context
of the Act, its various sections and supporting documents, and the
observations above that the AESB Mission has been derived and is
being executed for its assigned industrial elements.
-------
CAPABILITIES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
Strong expertise in: biological treatment of high strength
industrial wastes (Sanitary Engineering); physical-chemical waste-
water (brine) treatment -- both removal and in situ degradation for
refractory or color components (Sanitary and Chemical Engineering);
and organic residue conversion-degradation-destruction process tech-
nology (Chemical Engineering).
Research is implemented almost entirely via extramural demonstra-
tion grants supported by contracts and research grants to non-profit
institutions.
FY-74 Resources by Tat>k Type
DG RG C MIRS IH Total
Number 5 1 2 1 12 21
$1000s 437.2 55.0 82.8 21.9 155.0 751.9
7oFunds 58.2 7.3 11.0 2.9 20.6 100
Current Programs and Resources ^ Funds
($1000s)
Pesticides 255.0
Agricultural C hemicals Manufacturing Fertilizers 150.0
Textile Mill Profucts Manufacturing 296.9
Technical Assistance Activities 37.0
Technology Transfer Activities 13.0
Total 751.9
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
Completion of initial waste survey and treatment process
evaluation studies for the AESB assigned industries.
Completion of demonstration and process specification and
identification activities for definition of Best Practicable
Control Technology for the assigned industries.
Identification of candidate Best Available Control Technology
processes, both open and closed cycle, and initiation of develop-
ment and demonstration activities in support of final definition
and implementation.
Identification of promising modular treatment processes suitable
for eventual closed cycle Best Available Control Technology
application or accelerated implementation as a result of stringent
"hazardous-toxic" materials regulation and integrable with other
media control techniques to meet Total Environmental Control
requirements for the assigned industries. Research, development,
and demonstration activities have been initiated for these processes
and ROAPs restructured to emphasize coordinated multi-media develop-
ment and phased development of open cycle processes suitable for
modification to achieve closed loop status.
Initiation of Technology Transfer activities in assigned industries
to accelerate industrial implementation and make technology available
to allied industrial operations.
Initiation of coordinated "Pollutant Identity" and "Fate and Effects"
studies for treated (open cycle BAT processes) effluents during
the waste treatment process development cycle to verify environmental
compatibility before full-scale implementation is attempted.
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
The industrial waste abatement R&D program of AESB is currently
in transition from one technology regime to another as indicated by the
Accomplishments List. Early emphasis of the program involved "making
biological treatment work" on a case-by-case basis. Funding was sporadic,
coming often in surges on a ;upplemental appropriation, so "idea funding"
as opposed to coordinated research was prevalent. Passage of PL 92-500/72
and initiation of the ROAP system has stabilized both funding levels and
research targets. Consequently, the AESB effort is shifting to a coordinated
research plan emphasizing advanced physical-chemical systems for closed
cycle Best Available Treatment and/or Total Environmental Control require-
ments. By-product recovery and water recycle-reuse are being stressed to
the maximum extent. Residue conversion processes, energy recovery techniques,
integrated multi-media control systems, and even multi-plant integrated
systems are now being investigated. Processes potentially applicable to
achieving an accelerated "zero" posture for those products coming under
the hazardous-toxic substances regulation have been identified and appropriate
process research initiated.
In summary, it is fair to state that the AESB industrial program will
become even more broadly based as efforts to achieve a multi-media "zero"
postur€ are acceleraged in the next five years. Coordinated efforts wi.th
"Air", "Fate and Effects", "Solid Waste", and "Hazardous Materials" are
now being planned and initiated to insure the AESB assigned induscries ca:i
comply with both the general flW, coal of a clean environment by 1985 and
the detailed Congressional compliance schedules.
-------
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS BRANCH
CHIEF: WALTER M. SANDERS. Ill
MISSION
THE FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS BRANCH DEVELOPS THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS
FOR PREDICTING THE FATE OF POLLUTANTS ENTERING FRESH SURFACE WATERS.
THE PROGRAM EXAMINES THE DISTRIBUTION, THE PATHWAYS, AND RATES OF
MOVEMENT, ACCUMULATION AND DEGRADATION OF POLLUTANTS INCLUDING THE
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THESE
PHENOMENA. BOTH PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION MODELS ARE
USED TO STUDY THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMPETING TRANSPORT
AND DEGRADATION PROCESSES IN ORDER- TO PREDICT THE NET "FATE AND
IMPACT" OF SPECIFIC POLLUTANTS. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IS ALSO
PROVIDED TO EPA OPERATING PROGRAMS AND TO OEGC.
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
CURRENT KNOWLEDGE WITHIN EPA AND THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
IS CONSIDERED GROSSLY INADEQUATE TO MEET THE INTENT OF P.L. 92-500
REGARDING THE TRANSPORT, DISTRIBUTION, ACCUMULATION AND PERSISTENCE
OF POLLUTANTS IN FRESH SURFACE WATERS. RESEARCH ON THE FOLLOWING
SUBJECTS IS REQUIRED TO MEET EPA FUNCTIONAL NEEDS:
• SPECIFIC MANDATED FUNCTIONS (P.L. 92-500):
--RESEARCH ON IMPROVED METHODS AND PROCEDURES FOR
IDENTIFYING AND MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS
IN FRESH SURFACE WATERS (SEC 104(d)(2)).
--DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED METHODS AND PROCEDURES TO
IDENTIFY AND MEASURE THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON THE
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF WATER
(SEC 105(d)(3)).
—DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLICATION OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
BASED ON POLLUTION EFFECTS ON HUMANS, PLANTS, ANIMALS;
TRANSPORT PROCESSES; AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS (SEC 304(a)
(1), ESPECIALLY SEC 304(a)(1)(B)).
--PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION ON FACTORS NECESSARY TO
RESTORE AND MAINTAIN THE CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND
PHYSICAL INTEGRITY OF WATERS (SEC 304(a)(2)).
--PUBLICATION OF A LIST OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS FOR WHICH
EFFLUENT STANDARDS WILL BE ESTABLISHED (SEC 307(a)).
• DISCRETIONARY RESEARCH FUNCTION (P.L. 92-500):
--GRANTS FOR BASIC FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH
(SEC 104(r)).
-------
--GRANT FOR "RIVER STUDY CENTERS" (SEC 104(s)).
• FOR GENERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AND WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT:
--ABILITY TO PREDICT QUANTITATIVELY THE TRANSPORT,
DISTRIBUTION, TRANSFORMATION, AND IMPACT OF PERSISTENT
POLLUTANTS, OR POLLUTANTS ACCIDENTALLY SPILLED INTO
SURFACE WATERS.
—CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS ACCORDING TO THEIR MODE
OF TRANSPORT, PERSISTENCE, AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT, AND
IDENTIFICATION OF PROCESSES CHARACTERISTIC OF POLLUTANT
CLASSES.
--FOR WATER POLLUTANTS OF GREATEST SIGNIFICANCE, INFORMA-
TION ABOUT THE MECHANISMS, KINETICS, AND PRODUCTS OF
THEIR DEGRADATION.
—ABILITY TO PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF GEOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATIC
VARIATIONS ON THE FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN FRESH SURFACE
WATERS.
-------
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
IN-HOUSE EXPERTISE EXISTS FOR CONDUCTING RESEARCH AND MONITORING
RESEARCH GRANTS AND CONTRACTS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS:
• BACTERIAL DEGRADATION
• FUNGAL DEGRADATION
• ORGANO-CHEMICAL DEGRADATION
• PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION
• PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
• ECOSYSTEM MODEL DEVELOPMENT
• AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SIMULATION TO DETERMINE NET EFFECTS OF
COMPETING TRANSPORT AND DEGRADATION PROCESSES AND EVALUATING
PREDICTIVE MATHEMATICAL^MODELS.
FY-74 RESOURCES BY TASK TYPE
IH RG IA C UF* TOTAL
614.5 220.0 30.0 - 300.0 1164.5
52.8 18.8 2.6 - 25.8 100.0
$ 1000s
% FUNDS
~UNOBLIGATED FUNDS
-------
CURRENT RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS
FY-74 FUNDS
($1000s-)
BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION RESEARCH 208.0
CHEMICAL DEGRADATION RESEARCH 195.0
TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH 40.0
ECOSYSTEM SIMULATION 220.5
MATHEMATICAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT 95.0
NON-POINT SOURCE MODELING 300.0
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE & PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 106.0
TOTAL 1164.5
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
1. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ROLE OF ATTACHED STREAM-BOTTOM SLIME
BACTERIA IN THE UPTAKE AND DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTRATES. 1969.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO-ELECTRODE TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING
DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND MICRO-TURBULENCE IN AND NEAR BOUNDARY LAYERS
-- MEASUREMENT WITHIN A ZONE OF 15 MICRONS. 1971.
3. QUANTIFICATION OF THE CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS OF
THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE, ANACYSTIS NIDULANS. 1970.
4. DEVELOPMENT OF A DIRECT METHOD FOR MEASURING THE REAERATION IN
RIVERS AND STREAMS (GRANT). 1972.
5. DETERMINATION OF UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION OF 14C-LABELED
DIELDRIN AND DDT IN FISH THROUGH BOTH DIET AND DIRECT WATER ROUTES.
1970-1971.
6. DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD FOR SEPARATING FISH BRAIN PROTEINS ON
ACRYLAMIDE GEL FOR ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES. 1968.
7. DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD FOR IN SITU EMBEDDING ATTACHED BIOLOGICAL
CP". "nLiNTTIf S AM) jiXAViINATTO.: 'P' ELECTRON' CCROSCO^IC TlCIiM rQUH? TO
DETERMINE COMMUNITY STRUCTURES, SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND ATTACHING
MECHANISMS. 1969.
8. CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON CYCLING THROUGH SIMPLE AUTOTROPHIC-
HETEROTROPHIC COMMUNITY. 1971.
-------
9. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS FLOW EXPERIMENTAL STREAM CHANNEL
SYSTEMS AT AEC, SREL FACILITY FOR TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION
STUDIES FOR NTA AND MERCURY. 1971.
10. DEVELOPMENT, INSTALLATION, AND TESTING OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
SIMULATOR INCLUDING AUTOMATED ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION AND
DATA PROCESSING. 1973.
11. STUDIES OF THE CHEMICAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF
ORGANOMERCURIALS IN WATER. 1972.
12. DETAILED BACTERIAL DEGRADATION STUDIES OF ATRAZINE, CAPTAN,
CARBARYL, DIAZINON, MALATHION, METHOXYCHLOR. 1972.
13. DETAILED CHEMICAL AND DEGRADATION STUDIES OF CARBARYL,
DIAZINON, BUTOXYETHYL ESTER OF 2,4-D, MALATHION, METHOXYCHLOR,
AND PARATHION. 1974.
14. DETAILED PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION STUDIES OF ATRAZINE, CAPTAN,
MALATHION, METHOXYCHLOR, AND PARATHION. 1974.
15. STUDY OF THE TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION OF TWO LEVELS OF
MERCURIC -ION ADDED CONTINUOUSLY TO EXPERIMENTAL STREAM CHANNELS
FOR 15 MONTHS. 1972-1974.
16. DEVELOPMENT OF ECOSYSTEM SUBMODELS FOR
• PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH
• CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
• TEMPERATURE RESPONSE
-------
• HETEROTROPHIC GROWTH
• ZOOPLANKTON GROWTH AWD PREDATION
• FISH GROWTH AND PREDATION
• NITRIFICATION
1973-1974.
17. ASSEMBLY AND MANIPULATION OF THIRD GENERATION AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
MODELS.
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
THIS PROGRAM AREA IS ONE OF SEVERAL WITHIN NERC-CORVALLIS THAT
IS GROSSLY UNDERDEVELOPED WITH RESPECT TO AGENCY NEED IN EXECUTING
THE CONGRESSIONAL MANDATES OF P.L. 92-500. IT IS EXPECTED THAT
THE FORTHCOMING HEARING ON SECTION 307(a) WILL FOCUS ATTENTION ON
THE INADEQUANCY OF EXISTING DATA AND PROGRAMS ON THE FATE AND
TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS. THUS, THIS PROGRAM SHOULD RECEIVE
RENEWED EMPHASIS WITHIN A TWO-TO-FIVE YEAR PERIOD.
THE PROGRAM SHOULD MAINTAIN ITS CURRENT IN-HOUSE SCIENTIFIC
COMPETENCE IN BIOLOGICAL, ORGANO-CHEMICAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL
DEGRADATION RESEARCH AND SHOULD ADD EXPERTISE IN THE AREAS OF
PHYSICAL TRANSPORT (SORPTION, VAPORIZATION, WATER SOLUBILITIES, ETC)
AND INORGANIC SPECIATION AND TRANSFORMATIONS. IN-HOUSE ACTIVITIES
SHOULD BE CONFINED TO IDENTIFICATIONS OF SIGNIFICANT "FATE" PROCESSES
AND INTERACTIONS OF HIGH PRIORITY POLLUTANTS AND THE "CRANK TURNING"
FOR THE GROWING LISTS OF MATERIALS REQUIRING CRITERIA DOCUMENTS
SHOULD BE DONE BY CONTRACT ORGANIZATIONS.
SINCE BOTH THE PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION AND MODELING
ACTIVITIES SEclVL mS INTEGRATING i-UNCTIONS 17OR "FA TE" PilOCESSLS
DOMINANT IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, THESE IN-HOUSE ACTIVITIES MUST BE
STRENGTHENED. ALSO, THE CAPABILITY OF FIELD TEST AND EVALUATE
PREDICTIVE MODELS WITHIN MAJOR BIOMES MUST BE DEVELOPED.
SINCE THIS PROGRAM IS CURRENTLY WORKING COOPERATIVELY WITH
OEGC, OAWP, OPP, OTS, PE 1BA021, 1BA027, 1EA435, AND OTHERS,
EFFICIENT PROGRAM COORDINATION AT EACH LEVEL IS REQUIRED. THE
-------
MAIN IMPEDIMENT TO THE SATISFACTORY ACCOMPLISHMENT OF PROGRAM
OBJECTIVES IS "TOO MANY DEMANDS WITH TOO FEW RESOURCES."
-------
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM BRANCH
STAFF
MARC
H 1974
DISCIPLINE
ANn^'^" (Bacteriology, Dotany,
™N'l~' Entomology, Physiology,
AGRICULTURAL Radiation Biology, Soil
SCIENCES Microbiology, Zoology)
CHEMISTRY
(Analytical, Biochemistry,
Organic, Pharmaceutical,
Physical)
ENGINEERING
(Aerospace. Chemical,
Civil, Electrical, Environmental,
Industrial. Mechanjcal,
Metallurgical, Nuclear,
Sanitary)
(Environmental Health.
ucAiTui ririn- Epidemiology, Medicine.
•HEALTH FIELDs Pathology,Pharmacology,
Radiation Health. Toxicology,
Veterinary Medicine)
MATHEMATICAL (D'ostatistics. Computer
Science, Mathematics.
Statistics)
SCIENCES'
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
(Biophysics,
Meteorology, Physics)
Electronics
HD*
3S
OTHER
(Business Administration,
Lav/, Psychology,
Sociology, Technical
Management) Secretarial
lL
TOTAL
BA
MBA
MS
.VA
MO
* No Degree
n co
PhD
total
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5
5
Temp
1
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1
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4
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Temp
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1
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2
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1
1
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Temp
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:
1
1
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-------
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY BRANCH
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
WILLIAM T. DONALDSON/ CHIEF
MISSION
THE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY BRANCH PLANS AND CONDUCTS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFYING AMD
MEASURING CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS. EMPHASIS IS
ON ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION HAVING HIGH SENSITIVITY,
SPECIFICITY AND RELIABILITY,
-------
NEED AND SUPPORTING LEGISLATION
THE 1972 FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT AMENDMENTS
(public law 92-503) contains specific directives/ under
SECTION 304(g)/ to develop methods for identification and
measurement of pollutants in support of the National Pollutant
DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM. THE 1972 MARINE PROTECTION/
RESEARCH t AND SANCTUARIES ACT (PUBLIC ! AW 92-532) PROVIDES
FOR SIMILAR ACTION IN SUPPORT OF REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO
OCEAN DUMPING.
THROUGHOUT THE MANDATES FOR RESEARCH UNDER PL"500 THERE
ARE IMPLIED NEEDS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED METHODS FOR
IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF POLLUTANTS. THE NECESSITY
FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THIS TECHNOLOGY IS 03VI0US TO ANY SCIENTIST
OR ENGINEER ENGAGED IN RESEARCH. FURTHER ELABORATION IS
SUPERFLUOUS.
-------
RESOURCES AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
FY-74 RESOURCES BY TASK TYPE
C
RG
IA
IH
TOTAL
NUMBER
2
9
1
36
48
$1000s
37
259
60
629
985
% FUNDS
4
26
6
64
100
THE PROFESSIONAL STAFF, LISTED IN THE ATTACHED
SUMMARY, PROVIDES EXPERTISE IN ORGANIC MASS SPECTROMETRY,
SPARK SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY, MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY,
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS, GAS LIQUID AND LIQUID-LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY, ELECTROANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, NUCLEAR MAG-
NETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND OPTICAL EMISSION SPEC-
TROMETRY. MAJOR THRUSTS OF THE CURRENT PROGRAM ARE IN:
9 IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
6 MULTIELEMENT ANALYSIS
e SPECIAT I ON
© CONFIRMATORY TECHNIQUES
-------
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
1, DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM (GAS-CHROMATOGRAPH-MASS
SPECTROMETRY-COMPUTER) THAT IDENTIFIES VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS IN WATER AT CONCENTRATIONS DOWN TO 0.1 UG/*- AT A
COST AS LOW AS $10 PER IDENTIFICATION.
2, ESTABLISHMENT OF TWO MULTIELEMENT TECHNIQUES THAT CAN
IDENTIFY AND QUANTITATE ALL OF THE NATURALLY-OCCURRING
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS SIMULTANEOUSLY AT CONCENTRATIONS AS LOW
AS 1 PGA IN WATER AND 1 MG/KG IN SEDIMENTS.
3, COMPLETED A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC
CHEMICALS IN KRAFT PULP MILL WASTE EFFLUENT.
l\. DEMONSTRATED THE APPLICABILITY OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
MASS SPECTROMETRY AND HIGH-PRESSURE ION EXCHANGE CHROMA-
TOGRAPHY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPONENTS IN
MUNICIPAL WASTE.
5. DEVELOPED A GC-FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRIC
TECHNIQUE FOR OBTAINING INFRARED SPECTRA OF COMPOUNDS AS
THEY FLOW FROM A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH.
6, DEVELOPED AN IMPROVED PULSE~DIFFERENTIAL POLAROGRAPHIC
METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF NTA IN SEWAGE.
-------
PROGRAM TRENDS
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIELEMENT TECHNIQUE THAT CAN
BE APPLIED IN FIELD LABORATORIES AT MODERATE COST IS A
MAJOR GOAL DURING THE NEXT FEW YEARS, PLASMA-EXCITED
OPTICAL EMISSION AND X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ARE PRIME CANDIDATES
FOR WATER AND SEDIMENTS RESPECTIVELY.
COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE FROM
PETROLEUM REFINERIES / TEXTILE MILLS, METAL PLATING PLANTS
AND PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING PLANTS WILL PROVIDE INFORMATION
TO EXPAND SPECTRAL LIBRARIES FOR COMPUTER IDENTIFICATION OF
POLLUTANTS AND PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR PROGRAMS CONCERNED
WITH FATE/ EFFECTS AND TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF POLLUTANTS.
THIS PROGRAM WILL BE COORDINATED CLOSELY WITH RESEARCH
PROGRAMS FOR THOSE STUDIES LISTED ABOVE.
BETTER CONCENTRATION AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR
ORGANIC POLLUTANTS WILL BE DEVELOPED, AND EMPHASIS WILL BE
PLACED ON DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES TO SEPARATE AND IDENTIFY
POLAR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND LESS VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
-------
I <^S /"S . 1
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Staff
Analytical Chemistry Branch
Southeast Environmental Research Laboratory
March. WA
(Enc'.cio'cgy, Bclany,
E-'cme'cpy, phvsiclogy.
Pccir'iG" Ric'cnv, Soil
iV'C.'Obiclcgy, Zoology)
(A'-aly'icnl, Oicchcmiotry,
Cr:.-"ic, PhnTnacculical,
PV z c;:l)
11J>-
OA
MCA
MS
VA
VO
+ Ho Dacro.c
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j
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total
2
11
7
20
ENGL- LURING
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Civl, L-'Icctnral, iinvironmcntr.1,
h t; c o! .r i n I, / v', c c 11 ;¦ pj c a I,
f.'ic'2'lurgica!, Nuclear,
S Try)
(£: Vi'or>Tiont3! n'cfl'.h.
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