United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pollution Prevention
Washington, DC 20460
July 1991
v>EPA Pollution
Prevention
News
Inside:
2 Reports from EPA
Offices
^ Soybean Inks
4 The Economics of
Sustainability
5 Update on
World Bank
6 New Jersey Permit
Process
Connecticut TAP
^ Calendar
To be added to our mailing
list, please write:
Pollution Prevention News
U.S. EPA
401 M Street SW (PM-222B)
Washington, DC 20460
Editorial Staff:
Priscilla Flattery, Editor
Gilah Langner
Suzanne Harris
Judith Rosenthal
Clean Fuels Rules Proposed
Clean Air Act Spurs New Action for Non-Attainment Areas
EPA has proposed two major fuels
programs aimed at providing cleaner
burning gasoline in cities with air pollution
problems, for the first time regulating toxic
emissions other than lead that are associ-
ated with gasoline use.
EPA Administrator William Reilly called
the new fuels programs "the most promis-
ing measure available for reducing ozone
forming compounds, toxic emissions, and
carbon monoxide in urban centers that have
not yet attained air quality standards."
One proposal requires a reformulated
gasoline program covering almost 25% of
the nation's gasoline use, starting in 1995 in
nine areas with the worst ozone levels:
Baltimore, Chicago, Hartford, Houston, Los
Angeles, Milwaukee, New York City,
Philadelphia, and San Diego. The proposal
calls for a minimum of 2% oxygen, no more
than 1% benzene, and no heavy metals in
the reformulation. Other ozone non-
attainment areas can request inclusion in the
program. Rhode Island, for example, has
already elected to do so.
EPA's second proposal outlines an
oxygenated fuels program for the 41 areas of
the country currently not meeting the air
quality standard for carbon monoxide. The
proposal features a marketable credits
program within each control area, allowing
refineries to earn credits from gasolines with
higher oxygen content to offset fuels with
lower oxygen content.
For more information, contact John
Cabaniss at 202-382-2647.
Editor's Corner
State Roundtable Offers
for Program Exchange
Terry Foecke, Director
Waste Reduction Institute (WRITAR)
Material conservation and the modifica-
tion of uses, wastes and releases of toxic and
hazardous substances ultimately involve
many changes, large and small, at the local
and personal level.
Programs operating at the state and local
level are uniquely close to the implementa-
tion of pollution prevention through direct,
proactive contact with facilities and indi-
viduals using or releasing toxic chemicals,
or generating solid and hazardous wastes.
With many states passing their own pollu-
tion prevention legislation, these programs
Forum
are finding their mandates expanding,
allowing them to use direct technical
assistance, innovation in permitting, and
implementation grants to encourage waste
generators to adopt pollution prevention
techniques and technologies.
An important forum for the exchange of
information and approaches among these
programs is the National Roundtable of
State Pollution Prevention Programs, an
association of public sector programs at the
state, county, and local levels. Summary
proceedings from the Round table's Spring
meeting are available on EPA's PIES net-
work in the Roundtable's exchange.
continued on page 2
Printed on Recycled Paper

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Reports from EPA Offices
Pilot NATO Project
EPA's Pollution Prevention Research
Branch in ORD, the Office of Pollution
Prevention, and the Office of Interna-
tional Activities have initiated a pilot
project for NATO's Committee on the
Challenges of Modem Society. The
three-year pilot project, called Pollution
Prevention Strategies for Sustainable
Development, will provide a forum for
the exchange of information on govern-
mental and non-governmental
programs and approaches to pollution
prevention.
The first meeting was held in Wash-
ington, D.C. in early May and included
representatives from NATO, Greece,
Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, and
the U.S., with U.S. attendees from EPA,
USDA, U.S. Army, and the Department
of the Interior. The pilot study will
consist of workshops and other educa-
tional projects, focusing on the use of
Several new EPA publications offer
assistance to solid waste officials in
setting garbage collection rates so as to
encourage source reduction and recy-
cling. Unit Pricing, a 12-page brochure,
explains how it works: if customers are
charged for waste collection and
disposal services based on the amount
of trash they generate, they will take
advantage of source reduction and
recycling opportunities to reduce their
trash, and their trash collection bill.
Communities currently using unit
pricing have reported decreases in
overall waste generation of 10 percent of
more. The leader in the field is Seattle,
Washington, where households have
reduced the average number of trash
cans filled per week from 3.5 to just over
1 can.
Unit pricing programs fall into two
categories, depending on whether they
are based on the volume or the weight
of the trash. Volume-based programs
may charge by the number of cans left at
the curb by the consumer, or they may
require customers to purchase "official"
trash bags or tags to attach to their own
trash bags. A weight-based rate system,
where feasible, can produce even
NATO/CCMS participants tour the GR Grace
Chemical Plant in Baltimore, MD, hosted by the
Chemical Industry Council of Maryland. The
Council reports that 40 chemical plants in the
South Baltimore area have reduced their TRI
emissions by over 70% since 1987.
clean technologies and the adoption of
pollution prevention practices. Harry
Freeman, head of ORD's Pollution
Prevention Research Branch in Cincin-
nati, OH is the project manager for the
study.
greater incentives to reduce waste, since
every item of trash makes a difference in
the customer's garbage bill.
Although the collection costs for unit
pricing systems may exceed those of a
flat fee or tax-funded system, waste
managers are finding that the switch to
unit pricing usually results in net
savings overall. Consumer reductions
in waste result in less waste to collect
and reduced "tipping fees" in disposing
of the waste.
More detailed information on unit
pricing systems is available from a two-
volume handbook prepared by EPA's
Office of Solid Waste in cooperation with
the City of Seattle. Variable Rates in Solid
Waste: Handbook for Solid Waste Officials
explains how to assess the feasibility of
unit pricing for a particular community,
how to set rates, and other operational
considerations. Another report, The
Effects of Weight- or Volume-Based Pricing
on Solid Waste Management describes unit
pricing in detail and presents case studies
from several communities where unit
pricing has been implemented. For
ordering information on all these publica-
tions, call the RCRA/Superfund Hotline
at 800-424-9346.
Second Round of
Small Business
Prevention Grants
EPA has announced the second
round of funding in the "Pollution
Prevention By and For Small Business"
grant program. Grants of up to $25,000
each will be awarded to small busi-
nesses to assist in demonstrating
innovative approaches to pollution
prevention. A total of $40,000 will be
awarded in this second year of the two-
year program.
Projects must include a promising
new concept, have a technical orienta-
tion capable of analysis, and be condu-
cive to technology transfer. Applications
are available now and are due on
October 15,1991. Winners will be
announced in December. For more
information or to obtain a grant applica-
tion, contact EPA's Small Business
Ombudsman (800-368-5888 or 703-557-
1938) or the Center for Hazardous
Materials Research at the University of
Pittsburgh which is administering the
program (800-334-CHMR or 412-826-
5320).
Roundtable/rom page 1
To keep readers informed about the
efforts of state and local pollution
prevention programs, WRITAR will be
contributing a regular column to
Pollution Prevention News. WRITAR is a
non-profit training and research firm
and executive director of the
Roundtable. WRITAR also develops
resources for state and local programs
and performs applied research in an
effort to facilitate the adoption of
pollution prevention methods. For more
information on the Roundtable and/or
WRITAR's activities, please contact
WRITAR at 612-379-5995.
Please Note: EPA's new newsletter, Native
American Network, A RCRA Information
Exhange, is published primarily to promote
information exchange among Native Ameri-
cans. EPA's Office of Solid Waste appreciates
readers' interest in the newsletter, but it is not
available for general circulation.
Incentives for Solid Waste Reductions

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uly 1991
3 - Pollution Prevention News
Corporate News
Soybean Oil Inks Gaining Market Acceptance
Printing ink made from soybean oil
rather than petroleum is fast becoming a
source reduction success story. First,
soybean oil does not evaporate the way
petroleum does, releasing harmful
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into
the air and contributing to smog. In
addition, industry publications are
expressing enthusiasm over several
commercial advantages of soybean inks:
•	They can reduce ink and paper waste
because the necessary balance
between ink and water can be
achieved more easily.
•	Soybean oil ink colors are more
vibrant, many printers say. At the
same time, they can be easily
matched to colors achieved using
petroleum oil, a critical requirement
among advertisers.
•	Soybean oil inks are less likely to rub
off on clothing and hands.
There may be other advantages, such as
safer and faster cleanup of presses, but
further study of wash-up solvents is
needed.
One thing is certain: soybean oil inks
have caught on fast in the newspaper
industry. Their first commercial use in
newspaper printing was in 1987, two
years after the American Newspaper
Publishers Association began sponsoring
development of soy ink as a response to
threatened shortages of imported petro-
leum. Since then, a third of all U.S. papers
have begun using soy-based inks,
including three quarters of the nation's
dailies.
Commercial printers and maga-
zines use far more ink than newspa-
pers, but soy ink has been marketed
for those purposes only since 1989.
The American Soybean Association
reports that a growing number of
companies are manufacturing soy inks
for the sheet-fed presses used by
commercial printers and the heat-set
presses used by magazine printers. The
association has also found that over 50
companies have introduced at least one
type of soybean oil printing ink and
several more are considering such a
move.
Ink Composition Evolving
Until now, soy inks have not been
able to entirely replace the petroleum
component in the ink. Particularly in
heatset web-offset lithography, the type
of printing done most commonly by
magazine publishers, the drying time
for pure soybean oil is unacceptably
long. As a result, according to an article
in Magazine Design and Production, most
heatset-web soy-based inks contain
between 20 and 25 percent soybean oil.
However, the American Soyubean
Association reports that new technolo-
gies are starting to be commercialized
that could eliminate all petroleum in soy
inks used in newspaper publishing.
The function of oil in ink is to act as a
transfer agent, dissolving the resins that
PPIC: Request for Comments
The Program Evaluation Division (PED) within EPA's Office of Policy, Planning
and Evaluation is requesting comments on the effectiveness of the Pollution
Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC) in meeting the needs of its audience,
and its relationship with other state and regional pollution prevention clearing-
houses. Feedback is sought on user satisfaction with the quality of PPIC's:
•	information (i.e., case studies, bibliographies, promotional material) and
•	services, both electronic and non-electronic (i.e., PIES message center and
databases, hotline response to information requests, PIES training).
Comments from non-users of PPIC regarding their specific needs for pollution
prevention information and services are also welcome.
Please send comments by August 31,1991 to Cord Jones or Gabriella Lombardi
in PED via: a PIES message; tel: 202-382-5333; fax: 202-252-0513; or mail: PED (PM-
223Z), U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460.

PRINTED WITH
SOY INK
Official SoySeal designed by the American Soybean
Association.
hold together the pigments — the
colorants in the ink — and attaching the
pigments to the paper. When petroleum
is used, VOCs are released during the
drying process as the petroleum evapo-
rates. Pure soybean oil releases no VOCs
because it does not evaporate. Inks with
a substantial soybean content can reduce
VOC content from 30 or 40 percent to
less than 1 percent. Similar benefits can
be achieved using inks made with other
vegetable oils, such as nut and linseed
oil, which are also becoming more
widely used.
Metals continue to pose problems,
however, for both soy inks and conven-
tional inks. Lead chromate is used in
some pigments, and certain other heavy
metals are present in trace amounts.
According to the National Association
of Printing Ink Manufacturers, most ink
manufacturers today are using mainly
organic pigments, and several states
have adopted regulations requiring
gradual reductions in the metal content
of inks used in packaging.
California Requirements
Printers in California have been
especially motivated to seek out soy
inks because of a state requirement to
pay costly permit fees for use of inks
with a VOC content higher than 1
percent. According to Jim Richards of
the Printing Industries of Northern
California, soybean oil inks can meet or
surpass this standard for all but certain
colors, such as purple, rhodamine red,
fluorescents, and metallics.
"State environmental inspectors are
not printers, and they don't know all the
in's and out's of ink, but they do want to
see that we are making a good faith
effort," Jim Richards said. Many of his
industry group's members have begun
using soybean oil ink.

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Pollution Prevention News - 4
July 1991
The Economics of a Sustainable Planet
Decision-Makers Are Offered Theories and Practical Solutions
National governments and
international organizations such
as the World Bank are coming
under increasing pressure to recognize
the environmental implications of major
economic decisions. To provide the
tools for making more ecologically
aware decisions, economists are at work
on conceptual frameworks that take
environmental impacts explicitly into
account.
Summarized below are some of the
major approaches currently being taken
by environmental economists. Ex-
amples are provided to show what the
new environmental economics could
mean in practical programmatic terms.
Bringing Externalities Home
Environmental considerations have
been integrated extensively in
microeconomics, the study of how
individuals and firms behave in mar-
kets, and, in particular, how prices are
set. Environmental problems are among
the set of adverse consequences to
society or "externalities" that can be
created through the actions of firms.
Many economists have pondered how
market forces can be used to make
responsible parties feel the full burden
of the externalities that they create.
Writing in the March/April 1991
issue of World Watch, the magazine of
the Worldwatch Institute, Sandra Postel

4

3.5
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July 1991
5 - Pollution Prevention News
Sustainable Planet
from page 4
green tax revenues could go as high as
25 to 35 percent of current government
revenue from personal income taxes.
• Establish incentive programs to encour-
age environmentally sound decisions. An
example of incentives is giving electric
power utilities the opportunity to profit
more from investing in conservation
than from selling additional electricity.
Programs have been established in
California, New York, Oregon, and five
New England states to achieve this goal.
Is There an Optimal Scale?
Taking a broader perspective,, some
economists are beginning to wonder
whether human economic activity as a
whole might not be pushing at the outer
limits of sustainability. These econo-
mists are concerned with issues of scale,
or the carrying capacity of the planet.
As pointed out by Herman E. Daly of
the World Bank (see box on previous
page), issues of scale have not tradition-
ally been a part of macroeconomics,
which is the study of economies at an
aggregate level. Yet some economists
now speculate that there may be an
optimal scale, beyond which human
activity cannot grow without diminish-
ing the quality of life.
If scale were to be factored into
macroeconomic analysis, the results
could have major implications for
national policy-making. A key step in
this direction would be to revise current
practices in macroeconomic measure-
ment to have national income account-
ing reflect natural resource depletion.
Some economists argue that failure to
do so can grossly distort perceptions of
a country's "progress."
Robert Repetto and other economists
at the World Resources Institute (WRI)
are leading proponents of this view. In
their 1989 study "Wasting Assets:
Natural Resources in the National
Income Accounts," they use a case study
of natural resource depletion (petro-
leum, forestry, and soil) in Indonesia to
illustrate the consequences of omitting
natural resources from national income
accounting.
The chart on the previous page taken
from the WRI study shows gross
domestic investment (GDI) rising in
constant monetary units each year from
1971 through 1983. By calculating the
depreciation of natural resource capital
and subtracting this number from GDI,
the authors determined "net domestic
investment" ("NDI"). As shown, in
most years the depreciation of natural
resources cancels out much of gross
domestic investment.
In years when depletion of natural
resources exceeds gross investment,
NDI falls below zero. The implication is
that natural resources are being de-
pleted to finance current consumption
expenditures.
An alternative approach to assigning
a monetary value to natural resource
capital is offered by World Bank
economist Salah El Serafy. He proposes
a "user fee" approach whereby part of
the sale proceeds from depletable
resources would be invested in order to
produce an undiminished perpetual
stream of future income.
Few approaches this specific have been
adopted by national governments or
international organizations to date. But
new trends in economic theory may exert
subtle pressures on the shape of environ-
mental decision-making in the future.
World	Bank Strengthens
Requirements	for Majo
Since 1989 the World Bank has
required that countries seeking funds
for major development projects
conduct environmental assessments in
order to anticipate the project's
impacts on local populations and
ecology. Beginning this year, the Bank
will also require that prospective
borrowers consult affected groups and
make the results of the assessments
available to them.
To support these activities, the
World Bank has assembled an envi-
ronmental staff of over 100 persons.
Among their duties are to help the
operations staff look at the environ-
mental implications of proposed
projects and to monitor projects once
they are under way to make sure that
any terms and conditions designed to
protect the environment are being
respected. In addition, the staff
conduct what they refer to as a "policy
dialogue" with government officials in
developing countries to focus atten-
tion on environmental concerns.
Looking back over the two years
since environmental assessments were
first required, the World Bank finds
the results encouraging. Many project
proposals now incorporate environ-
mental protection in the engineering
phase rather than as an afterthought.
Anticipating the need for an environ-
mental assessment, some prospective
borrowers are working their way
around problem areas. Floodways
have been redesigned to avoid
disruption of a lagoon for example,
and the carrying capacity of range-
lands has been estimated before
augmenting cattle herds. Some
projects that would raise major
environmental issues are being scaled
down or dropped altogether.
The World Bank is also involved in
a special environmental program to
support projects in developing
countries that benefit the global
environment and that developing
countries could not fund on their own.
The program, called the Global
Environment Facility (GEF), is a joint
venture among national governments,
the World Bank, the United Nations
Development Programme, and the
United Nations Environment
Programme. The GEF is funded with
$1.5 billion, earmarked for projects to
reduce and limit greenhouse gas
emissions, preserve biological diver-
sity and maintain natural habitats,
control pollution of international
waters, and protect the ozone layer
from further depletion.
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Pollution Prevention News - 6
July 1991
New Jersey Prepares to Launch
Comprehensive Permit Process
In the States
New Jersey is on the verge of becom-
ing the first state to establish a facility-
wide emissions permit process based on
pollution prevention. As this issue went
to press, New Jersey's state legislature
just passed a bill making it a statewide
policy goal to cut hazardous waste
emissions in half over the next five
years. The requirement for pollution
prevention planning would apply to the
800 facilities that report emissions in
New Jersey under EPA's Toxic Release
Inventory.
In addition to planning requirements,
the new program represents a holistic
approach to regulation, says Shelley
Hearne, acting director of New Jersey's
Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP). In
the past, emissions to air, water and land
have been regulated separately, which in
some cases encourages companies to
transfer toxic substances from one
medium to another, rather than to reduce
overall emissions. However, the new,
comprehensive permits will integrate air,
water and land releases, with companies'
pollution prevention plans. "Hopefully,
not only is this going to be better for the
environment, but it's common sense in
permitting," says Hearne.
Hearne explained that companies'
1987 emissions levels will be used as a
baseline in calculating their progress
toward the goal. "You can't penalize the
good guys," i.e., companies that have
already made major strides in source
reduction, she said.
Pre-Pilot Study
Three companies have volunteered to
serve as test cases in a "pre-pilot" study
for the new program: Schering-Plough's
pharmaceuticals facility in Kenilworth;
Fisher Scientific's chemicals plant in
Fairlawn, and Sybron Chemical's plant
in Birmingham. The OPP will work
closely with these companies and begin
drafting regulations for the new pro-
gram based on their experiences.
"I think that we as a company offer a
lot of challenges to this program," said
Frank Poliferno, Fisher's director of
Distillation equipment at Fisher Scientific
safety and environmental affairs. The
company buys a wide range of indus-
trial-grade chemicals, then purifies them
to meet the rigorous standards of
scientific research. "We already had a
very active waste minimization pro-
gram," Poliferno said; for example, the
company has found alternative markets
for the portion of its output that is not
pure enough for scientific use. But now,
"we'll be going through our processes
and seeing where we can reduce the use
of hazardous materials" or improve
yields, he explained.
All three of the companies have
submitted basic descriptions of their
processes to OPP and are working out a
memorandum of understanding as to
how the program will be conducted.
Under the new legislation, called the
Pollution Prevention Act, another 10 to
15 facilities will be chosen for facility-
wide permitting after the pre-pilot
study. Three years down the road, the
legislature will review the results and
consider making facility-wide permit-
ting the norm.
In the meantime, under the law,
pollution prevention plans will be
required by mid-1993 from about 400 of
the state's largest toxics users, and by
mid-1995 from the 400 next largest. The
plans will be updated yearly for 5 years,
with summaries submitted to OPP. The
goal of reducing emissions to 50 percent
of 1987 levels will apply to statewide
averages, not to individual facilities.
Companies in New Jersey also can
take advantage of a technical assistance
program (NJTAP), a non-regulatory
organization that provides free, confi-
dential information and technical
assistance such as on-site audits.
NJTAP has just received a grant from
EPA Region 2 to develop a program for
integrating pollution prevention
training into vocational school curricula.
Many workers in trades such as auto
repair and printing are trained in
vocational schools.
For more information on New
Jersey's pollution prevention efforts,
contact OPP at (609) 777-0518 or NJTAP
at (201)596-5864.
Globe 92 is the second conference in the biennial GLOBE series of
conferences and trade fairs sponsored by the Canadian Government with a
focus on sustainable development. Globe '92 will be held in Vancouver, March
16-20,1992. Participants are expected from over 80 countries. For information,
contact Karon Brashares, U.S. coordinator for Globe '92 at 202-333-3711, or call
Globe '92 directly at 604-666-8020.
In Living Color: Painting Challenges for the 90's
A five hour teleconference on painting techniques that reduce waste generation
will be held on November 6,1991 under the auspices of the University of
Tennessee's Center for Industrial Services. Alternate painting technologies and
material substitutions will be covered. For information on license agreements
and site locations, contact Bill Wiley at 615-242-4816.
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July 1991
7 - Pollution Prevention News
In the States
Connecticut: TAPping Into Ways
to Save Waste and Money
A Connecticut manufacturer is
reducing its hazardous waste generation
and water consumption by 90 percent,
and using the money it saves to tackle
the remaining 10 percent, thanks to the
assistance of ConnTAP, the Connecticut
Technical Assistance Program, part of
the Connecticut Hazardous Waste
Management Service.
ConnTAP offers companies Matching
Challenge Grants of up to $5,000 to study
waste minimization and pollution
prevention. It was under this program
that Action Circuits of Danbury, a printed
circuit board manufacturer, conducted a
feasibility study and discovered ways that
it could reduce production of metal
hydroxide sludge, its primary waste
source, and its water consumption by 90
percent at a fraction of the cost of waste
treatment systems available on the
market.
Dramatic Results
Now, with the help of a $50,000 Pilot
Project Demonstration grant of EPA funds
to the Hazardous Waste Management
Service, Action Circuits has begun
carrying out its plan, and is expected to
finish later this summer. The company
will save more than 17,000 gallons of
hazardous waste per year by applying ion
exchange, electrowinning, and point
source reduction technologies, and will
save 3.5 million gallons of water annually
using in-process recycling and new
rinsing techniques.
"It looks like they will achieve their
goal," said Rita Lomasney, manager for
ConnTAP. "They're on schedule for the
different milestones that they had hoped
to achieve."
"We expect the collective result of
this activity to be so dramatic that it will
provide us with the resources to address
the final 10 percent of metal hydroxide
sludge and process effluent. Ultimately,
Action Circuits plans to close the loop
on water consumption. This final phase
will require the introduction of leading
edge technology/' wrote company
president Randall Klein in a letter to the
Hazardous Waste Management Service.
Another ConnTAP Matching Chal-
lenge Grant resulted in the preparation
of a Waste Minimization/Pollution
Prevention Self-Audit Manual for metal
finishers, prepared by Peter Gallerani of
Integrated Technologies, Inc. of
Bethany, Conn. The manual offers clear
language and worksheets that can help
companies use in-house personnel to
gather data, reduce purchases of
chemicals, reduce waste treatment and
disposal costs, and limit hazardous
waste liability.
ConnTAP is participating in EPA's
WRITE (Waste Reduction Innovative
Technology Evaluation) program for
technical and economic assessments of
waste reduction technologies. In
addition, ConnTAP operates an infor-
mation clearinghouse and a library,
Action Circuit's new closed-loop treatment system
for inorganic waste streams and non-contact
cooling waters. The system incorporates ion
exchange technology and enables the company to
reduce its water consumption.
publishes a quarterly newsletter, and
conducts workshops and seminars
promoting pollution prevention and
technology transfer. To contact
ConnTAP, call (203) 241-0777.
Michigan's GEM of a Program for Groundwater
To help safeguard Michigan's
groundwater resources, the W.K.
Kellogg Foundation is collaborating
with Michigan State University's
Institute of Water Research to fund
community-level groundwater
protection projects.
The program, called Groundwater
Education in Michigan (GEM),
focuses on empowering community-
level groups to initiate innovative
groundwater protection and educa-
tion projects, developing a network of
such groups, and disseminating the
lessons they learn. Over half the
residents of Michigan depend on
groundwater for their drinking water.
More than 29 groups in the state
have launched projects through GEM.
They include the East Michigan
Environmental Action Council, which
has established groundwater leader-
ship teams of citizen volunteers who
are working to address the threats
posed by hazardous household
products. Michigan's League of
Women Voters is running a GEM
project that helps the League's local
chapters organize, educate, and train
groups of "water watchers" to lead
their communities in monitoring local
government decisions that affect their
groundwater.
The GEM program helps local
groups identify potential funding
sources and collaborators. To encour-
age information sharing, the program
has hosted interactive conferences and
workshops, developed a computer
communications system and a
bibliographic database, and published
newsletters.
The GEM program has been so
successful that the Kellogg Founda-
tion has decided to expand its
groundwater programming into the
eight states and two Canadian
provinces of the Great Lakes Basin.
For more information on GEM,
contact Linda Helstowski, at
517-353-3742.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1991 0-866-235
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Pollution Prevention News - 8
	
r
——————.

Title
2nd Topical Conference
on Pollution Prevention
for the 1990s
Prevention, Management,
Compliance for Haz. Wastes
3rd Annual Waste Equipment
Recycling Conf./Expo
" ¦	
Sponsor
AIChE Center for
Waste Reduction
Technologies
AIChE
(Short Courses)
Tower Conference
Management
Date/Location
Aug 20-21
Pittsburgh, PA
Aug. 21-23/Pittsburgh, PA
Nov. 20-22/Los Angeles
Sept. 9-12
Detroit, MI
Contact
Steve Smith
212-705-7660
Registrar
212-705-7526
Bill Harrington
708-469-3373
Waste Reduction
Technical Assistance
Training Program
Univ. of Tennessee
Center for
Industrial Services
Sept. 15
Murfreesboro, TN
Cam Metcalf
615-242-4816
2nd Annual Central
Gulf States Recycling
Marketing Conference
EPA Regions 4 & 6,
Gulf States, MISSTAP/
MSSWRAP, others
Sept. 19-20
Biloxi, MS
Patricia Lindig
601-325-8067
NE Conference on Recycling/
Composting
Pollution Prevention:
A New Direction
BioCycle Magazine
Ohio Alliance for the
Environment, Ohio EPA
Sept. 23-25
Burlington, VT
Sept. 24
Columbus, OH
Celeste Madtes
215-967-4135
Irene Probasco
614-421-7819
Environmental Shopping
and Labeling
EPA Region 3,
Penn. Resources Council
Sept. 30-Oct. 2
Baltimore, MD
Ruth Becker
215-565-9131
Pollution Prevention in
Photoprocessing
Southeast Regional
Solid Waste Symposium
Pollution Prevention:
Making It Happen
National Association of
Photographic Manufacturers
Solid Waste Assn.
of North America
Engineering Foundation
Oct. 16-19
Cincinnati, OH
Nov. 5-7
Orlando, FL
Jan. 26-31,1992
Santa Barbara, CA
NAPM
914-698-7603
Brad Roberge
301-585-2898
Eng. Fdn.
212-705-7835
United States Environmental	^AIL
Protection Agency (PM-222B)	POSTAGE S FEES PAID
Washington, DC 20460	PERMIT NO. G-35
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
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