Alaska
United States Region 10 Idaho
Environmental Protection 1200 Sixth Avenue Oregon
Agency Seattle WA 98101 -9797 Washington
Emergency Response January 1994
<&EF₯V Information on
SPCC Plans
40 CFR 112
,.:.w
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Environmental Protection Agency
Emergency Response Team
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
1 -800-424-4EPA
The Superintendent of Documents
Classification Number is:
EP 1.2:
* Sp4
First Printing 10/84
Second Printing
Third Printing
Fourth Printing -
2/87
4/89
7/90
Updated:
IVUi ------
First Printing
Revision:
First Printing
OU Pollution Act 1990
7/92
9/93
9/93
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KEY POINTS OF PREVENTION REGULATION
The Environmental Protection Agency Oil Pollution Prevention
Regulations, published in the Federal Register on 11 December 1973,
promulgated under section 311 (j)(1)(C) of the Clean Water Act, and
amended by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, addresses non-transportation
related facilities and is further identified as Title 40, Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR), Part 112. The main requirement of facilities subject
to the regulation is the preparation and implementation of a plan to
prevent any discharge of oil into navigable waters of the United States.
The plan is referred to as a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure
Plan (SPCC Plan).
Purpose
To prevent discharges of oil into navigable waters of the United States
and the adjoining shorelines. The main thrust of the existing SPCC
regulations is prevention as opposed to after-the-fact reactive measures
commonly described in Spill Contingency Plans. However, on February
17,1993, EPA, published proposed changes to 40 CFR Part 112 which
wilf require certain oil handling facilities to develop Facility Response
Plan's (FRPs) to deal with response type measures in addition to the
preventative actions.
Notice of Proposed Changes to the Existing SPCC Regulations
Following one of the largest inland oil spills in U.S. history, the 750,000
gallon diesel fuel spill into Pennsylvania's Monongahela River from an
Ashland Oil facility, the EPA assembled an interagency SPCC Task
Force to review the adequacy of existing Federal regulations governing
above ground storage tanks. Based on Task Force recommendations,
EPA developed a two-phased approach to modifying the existing SPCC
regulations.
Phase f Changes:
The EPA published a Proposed Rule in Federal Register, Vol. 56, No.
204, Tuesday, October 22,1991 which would implement EPA's Phase I
of the proposed changes to the existing regulations. The proposed
revision involves changes to the applicability of the regulation and the
required procedures for the completion of SPCC Plans, as well as the
addition of a facility notification provision. The proposed rule also reflects
changes in the jurisdiction of section 311 of the Clean Water Act (CWA)
made by 1977 and 1978 amendments to the CWA. The comment period
for this Proposed Rule expired December 23,1991. The Final Rule is not
expected to be published until late 1993 or early 1994.
Phase II Changes:
The EPA published a Proposed Rule in Federal Register, Vol. 58, No. 30,
Wednesday, February 17,1993 which would implement EPA's Phase II
of the proposed changes to the existing regulations. The proposed
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revision would incorporate new requirements added by the Oil Pollution
Act of 1990 (OPA) that direct facility owners and operators to prepare
plans for responding to a worst case discharge of oil and to a substantial
threat of such a discharge. Other regulatory changes to strengthen the
existing regulation also are proposed. The comment period for this
Proposed Rule expired April 19, 1993. The Final Rule is not expected to
be published until early 1994.
EXISTING REGULATIONS
Applies To
Owners or operators of facilities engaged in drilling, producing, gathering,
storing, processing, refining, transferring, or consuming oil products,
providing;
1. The facility is non-transportation related (see definition page 6}.
2. Aboveground storage capacity of a single container is in excess of
660 gallons, or an aggregate aboveground storage capacity greater
than 1,320 gallons, or the total underground buried storage capacity
is equal to or greater than 42,000 gallons.
3. The facility, due to its location, coutd reasonably be expected to
discharge oil upon the navigable waters of the United States or
adjoining shorelines. This determination is based solely upon a
consideration of geographical locational aspects and NOT on man
made features such as dikes or other structures.
Main Objective of Regulation:
Requires facilities which are subject to the regulation (based on above
criteria) to prepare and implement a Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan in accordance with guidelines outlined in
paragraph 112.7 of the regulations.
Who Prepares the SPCC Plan?
Owners-operating their own facilities, or,
Operators-of leased facilities, or,
Persons in Charge-including departments, agencies, and
instrumentalities of either State or Federal Governments.
General Requirements of the SPCC Plan
1. The SPCC Plan shall be a carefully thought-out plan, prepared and
implemented in accordance with accepted engineering standards and
practices, and have the full approval of facility management at a level
of authority sufficient to commit the necessary resources.
2. The complete SPCC Plan shall follow the sequence outlined in 40
CFR, paragraph 112.7 of the regulation and include a discussion of
the facility's conformance with the appropriate guidelines listed.
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Specific Requirements
The plan must be certified by a registered professional engineer (see
paragraph 112.3(d) of the regulation).
A complete copy of the SPCC Plan shall be maintained at the facility if the
facility is normally attended at least eight hours per day, or at the nearest
field office if the facility is not so attended. The plan is only submitted to
EPA or State Agencies under circumstances and conditions outlined in
paragraph 112.3(f) and paragraph 112.4(a).
The SPCC Plan shall be made available to the EPA Regional
Administrator, or to a duly authorized representative for on-site review
during normal working hours.
If a discharge occurs in excess of 1,000 gallons in a single event, or two
discharges occur in "harmful quantities" within any twelve month period,
the owner/operator must then submit copies of the SPCC Plan to the
Regional Administrator and to the State Agency in charge of water
pollution control activities. Other information must accompany the SPCC
Plan as outlined in paragraph 112.4(a).
After review of the SPCC Plan submitted under these circumstances, the
Regional Administrator may require an amendment to the Plan as
deemed necessary to prevent any future discharges.
Time Limits
For Existing Facilities:
The effective date of the regulations was 11 January 1974,
therefore, all existing facilities should already have prepared a
Plan.
For New Facilities:
From time of startup of a new facility:
Six Months to Prepare SPCC Plan
AND
Twelve Months to Implement
Time Extensions
The Regional Administrator may authorize an extension of time for the
preparation and full implementation of a SPCC Plan beyond the time
permitted (listed above) when he/she finds that the owner or operator of a
facility cannot fully comply with the requirements of this part as a result of
either unavailability of qualified personnel, or delays in the construction or
equipment delivery beyond the control and without the fault of such owner
or operator and their respective agents or employees. Extension
requests shall be submitted to the Regional Administrator and include:
1. A complete copy of the SPCC Plan, if completed;
2. A full explanation of the delay cause and specific aspects of the
SPCC Plan affected by the delay;
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3. A full discussion of actions being taken or contemplated to minimize
or mitigate such delay;
4. A proposed time schedule for the implementation of any corrective
actions being taken or contemplated.
Questions Frequently Asked
Question - What facilities are subject to the 40 CFR 112 Regulations?
Answer - Non-transportation related facilities which have:
1. Aboveground storage capacity in excess of 1,320 gallons or a
single container in excess of 660 gallons, or
2. Underground storage capacity in excess of 42,000 gallons, and
3. Facilities which due to their location and storage capacities in 1
or 2 could reasonably be expected to discharge into waters of
the United States if a spill should occur.
Question - What is considered a non-transportation related facility?
Answer -
A) Fixed onshore and offshore oil well drilling facilities,
B) Mobile onshore and offshore oil well drilling platforms, barges,
trucks, or other similar facilities,
C) Fixed onshore and offshore oil production structures, platforms,
derricks, and rigs,
D) Mobile onshore and offshore oil production facilities,
E) Oil refining facilities,
F) Oil storage facilities,
G) Industrial, commercial, agricultural or public facilities which use or
store oil,
H) Waste treatment facilities,
I) Loading racks, transfer hoses, loading arms and other equipment
which are appurtenant to a non-transportation-related facility,
J) Highway vehicles and railroad cars used to transport oil
exclusively within the confines of a non-transportation-related
facility, and
K) Pipeline systems used to transport oil exclusively within the
confines of a non-transportation-related facility.
Note: All the above entities excludes any portion of the
facility, unit or process integrally associated with the handling
or transferring of oil in bulk to or from a vessel.
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Question - Who determines if a facility is in need of an SPCC Plan?
Answer - The owner or operator is required to make this assessment by
the Regulation.
Question - What determines reasonability of a spill reaching U.S.
navigable waters?
Answer - Location of the facility in relation to a stream, ditch, storm
sewer, distance, volume of material, drainage patterns, soils
conditions, etc. Further, according to the regulations, this
determination is "Based solely upon ... geographical locational
aspects of the facility... and shall exclude consideration of
manmade features such as dikes..."
Question - Who is required to prepare the SPCC Plan?
Answer - The facility owner/operator. The Certifying Engineer may
assist, but the owner/operator is responsible.
Question - Why does the SPCC Plan have to be certified?
Answer - To assure that good engineering practices are followed in
preparing the SPCC Plan.
Question - What are the requirements for certification?
Answer - The engineer should be familiar with the provisions of 40 CFR
Part 112 and must have examined the facility, and be registered in
at least one state. It is not currently necessary to be registered in
the state in which the facility is located.
Question - What constitutes an SPCC Plan?
Answer - A Plan that follows the guidelines suggested in the Regulations
40 CFR Part 112.7. Include a sketch or drawing of the site to assist
in identification of the implementation.
Question - When the SPCC Plan is completed and certified, is it sent to
EPA for review?
Answer - No, a certified copy of the Plan is required to be available at the
facility for EPA on-site review, if the facility is attended at least eight
hours a day. If the facility is not attended, the Plan shall be kept at
the nearest company office. But, it must be made available to either
the EPA or their representatives upon request during normal
working hours. However, 40 CFR Part 112.4 requires any facility
that has experienced a spill in excess of 1,000 U.S. gallons in a
single event into navigable waters, or any two discharges of harmful
quantities of oil, into navigable waters, within a 12 month period to
submit their SPCC Plan to the EPA within 60 days of the mcident(s).
Question - What is the time frame for plan preparation and
implementation 1or a new facility?
Answer - The SPCC plan shall be prepared within six months after the
date the facility begins operation and should be fully implemented
no later than one year from the date the facility begins operation.
Question - Does the submission of a letter of request for extension
relieve the owner or operator from his obligation to comply with the
requirement of 112.3 (a), (b) or (c) of 40 CFR 112?
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Answer - No, where an extension of time is authorized by the Regional
Administrator for particular equipment or other specific aspects of
the SPCC Plan, such an extension shall in no way affect the
owner's or operator's obligation to comply with the requirements
112.3 (a), (b) or (c) with respect to other equipment or specific
aspects of the pi an for which an extension of time has not been
expressly authorized.
Question - Is an SPCC Plan required when a facility has existing
preventive systems in place and no previous history of spills?
Answer - The need for an SPCC plan is determined by two criteria; the
storage capacity and the location in relationship to the waters of the
U.S., disregarding existing manmade structures.
Question - When a production lease consists of several operations, such
as wells, oil/water separators, collection systems, tank batteries,
etc., does each operation require a separate SPCC Plan?
Answer - No, one SPCC Plan may include all operations within a single
geographical area, as long as each operation is addressed in the
Plan.
Question - Is every loss of oil or oil product subject to a penalty?
Answer - No, a discharge is defined in Section 311 (a)(2) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) as including, but not limited to,
any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or
dumping that enters the navigable waters to the U.S. or on the
adjoining shorelines in harmful quantities. If the water is affected, a
penalty could be assessed. If a spill occurs and is prevented by
some means from entering water, no penalty should be assessed.
Question - What is considered to be a harmful quantity?
Answer - See the Glossary at the end of this booklet for a definition.
Question - What is considered navigable waters?
Answer - See the Glossary at the end of this booklet for a definition.
Question - Is one spillage of oil into a municipal storm sewer a violation?
Answer - If oil reaches "navigable waters", a violation has occurred and
penalties may result, fne facility spilling the oil must also have an
SPCC Plan implemented.
Question - What penalties are assessed?
Answer - Paragraph 112.6 of 40 CFR 112 authorizes the Regional
Administrator to assess a civil penalty of up to $5,000 for each day
a violation continues.
Question - Can "Double Walled" tanks be used to meet the requirement
for secondary containment?
Answer - The use of "Double Walled" tanks as a substitute for a single
walled tank and dike is allowed under following conditions. In
addition to the tank, overfill alarms and automatic shut-off devices
are required. Contact EPA for specifics on the use of "Doubled
Walled" tanks.
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THE SPCC PLAN
Basic Concepts
There is no rigid format for an SPCC Plan. The guidelines (40 CFR, Part
112.7) of the regulation suggesting a format is quoted - "The complete
SPCC Plan shall follow the sequence outlined below, and include a
discussion of the facility's conformance with the appropriate guidelines
listed". These guidelines indicate "minimal" requirements and must
necessarily provide wide latitude to the many types of facilities to which
they apply. A synthesis of these guidelines is presented on the following
pages.
Spills can best be controlled by installation of prevention systems,
adherence to proper operating procedures, and preventative
maintenance, supported by positive containment and removal, tf these
elements are well-thought-out and documented, the result will be an
adequate SPCC Plan. Therefore, three basic principles should be
embodied within an SPCC Plan:
1. The practices devoted to the prevention of oil spills.
2. The plan of containment should a spill occur.
3. The plan for removal and disposal of spilled oil.
Furthermore, the Plan must be maintained and/or revised according to
any changes in operation, process, or facilities covered, within six months
of the change (40 CFR Part 112.5).
Spill Prevention
Operational errors and equipment failures are the primaiy causes of
spills. Therefore, the plan should contain measures designed to avoid
these errors and failures.
Operational Errors can be minimized through:
1. Personnel training.
2. Operator awareness of the imperative nature of spill prevention.
3. Adequate supervision of procedures.
Management must be committed to spill prevention and must develop
and enforce techniques for safe and efficient operation.
Equipment Failures can be minimized through:
1. Proper initial selection and construction.
2. Maintenance of structural integrity and function.
3. Frequent inspections.
Industry standards and sound engineering practices dictate the proper
course of action in each of these areas.
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Containment of Spilled Oil
In this EPA Region we are generally concerned with spills from facilities
where positive containment devices and systems are practical and
effective. Dikes, retaining walls, curbing, spill diversion ponds, sumps,
etc. fall into the category of prevention systems. Only where
impracticability* to provide positive containment can be clearly
demonstrated does the facility have the option to take the "contingency"
plan approach. Contingency plans are considered "reactive" in nature -
that is, they generally describe after-the-fact actions and can be expected
to mitigate the effects of a spill after it occurs. Therefore, preventative
systems must be given first priority considerations in the initial study and
preparation of the SPCC Plan.
"Impracticability to provide positive containment" alludes mainly
to those cases where severe space limitations may preclude
installation of structures or equipment to prevent oil from reaching
water. Justifying "Impracticability" on the basis of financial
considerations is difficult because the required commitment of
manpower, equipment, and materials to expeditiously control,
remove, and disperse spilled oil would not normally offer any
significant economic advantage.
Elements of an SPCC Plan
While each SPCC Plan is unique, there are certain elements which may
be included almost without exception to make a plan comply with
provisions of the regulation and the spirit of oil spill prevention. These
elements are discussed or listed as follows:
Name of Facility - This may or may not be the business name.
Type of Facility - This briefly describes the business activity.
Date of Initial Operation - The date that the facility began operation.
Location of Facility - This may be a word description or city address
which can be supported by area maps.
Name and Address of Owner - Usually an address if remote from
the facility location.
Designated Person Responsible for Oil Spill Prevention - Each
facility should have some person with overall oil spill responsibility.
This person should be thoroughly familiar with the regulation and the
facility's SPCC Plan.
Oil Spill History - This section can be either a reactive declaration,
or a detailed history of significant spill events which occurred in the
twelve month period prior to the publication of the regulation. In the
latter case, typical information would include:
1. Type and amount of oil spilled,
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2. Location, date, and time of spill(s),
3. Watercourse affected,
4. Description of physical damage,
5. Cost of damage,
6. Cost of cleanup,
7. Cause of spill,
8. Action taken to prevent recurrence.
Management Approval - This is a signed statement of a person with the
authority to commit management to implementation of the plan.
Certification - This is a statement of plan certification under the seal,
signature, state, and registration number of a registered professional
engineer. The certifying engineer does not have to be registered in
the state in which the facility is located.
Periodic Review - This is a signed and dated statement by the owners
and operators that a review and evaluation of the SPCC Plan has
been performed. A review of the plan must be completed at least
once every three years. As a result of the review evaluation the
owner or operator shall amend the SPCC Plan within six months of
the review to include more effective prevention and control
technology if the technology will significantly reduce the likelihood of
a spill event and the technology has been field-proven at the time of
review.
Note: All of the above information may be presented on a single
page of an SPCC Plan. As an example, in Appendix A is a sheet
entitled Certification Information.
Facility Analysis - A portion of the plan should include a description of
the facility operation, which should generally indicate the magnitude
of spill potential. For example, the amount and type of storage,
normal increments of transfer or patterns of usage, distribution,
processes, etc. In this analysis, the direction of flow of spilled oil
should be indicated along with any factors which are pertinent to or
influence spill potential. Tt is appropriate to support this type of
information by charts, tables, plot plans, etc., to aid clarity or promote
brevity.
Location of Facility - The geographical location is an integral part of the
SPCC Plan. Location and topographic maps can be critical in
determining the adverse consequences of an oil spill. Sources for
such maps include: (1) U.S. Geological Survey, (2) State Highway
Department, (3) County Highway Engineer, (4) local land surveys,
and (5) City Engineer.
Facility Inspection - An inspection report covering the facility in terms of
equipment, containment, operation, drainage, security, etc., may
provide essential information necessary to formulate the SPCC Plan.
Therefore, such reports could reasonably be incorporated as part of
the Plan. This kind of report would best serve in more complex
facilities and is not considered necessarily an element common to all
SPCC Plans.
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Amendment of SPCC Plans - Paragraph 112.5 (a), (b) and (c) of 40
CFR 112 states that owners or operators of facilities shall amend the
SPCC Plan whenever there is a change in facility design,
construction, operation or maintenance which materially affects the
facility's potential for the discharge of oil into or upon the waters of
the United States or adjoining shorelines. Amendments shall be fully
implemented as soon as possible, but no later than six months after
the discharge occurs. Amendments must be certified by a
professional engineer in accordance with 40 CFR 112.3(d).
Facility Drainage (onshore) - All drainage from diked storage areas
shall be restrained by valves or other positive means to prevent a
spill or leakage of oil into the drainage system or in-plant effluent
treatment system, except where plan systems are designed to handle
such leakage. Pumps or ejectors for draining diked areas should be
manually activated and secured when not in use and condition of the
accumulation should be examined before draining to be sure no oil
will be discharged into the water. Flapper-type drain valves should
not be used to drain diked areas. As stated in 40 CFR 112.7 (e), (1),
(ii) when plant drainage drains directly into water course and not into
wastewater treatment plants, retained storm water should be
inspected to ensure the bypass valve is normally sealed closed;
inspection of the runoff rainwater ensures compliance with applicable
water quality standards; and the bypass valve is resealed following
drainage under responsible supervision. Plant drainage systems
from undiked areas should flow into areas designed to retain oil or
return it to the facility. Catchment basins should not be located in
areas subject to periodic flooding.
Bulk Storage Tanks - No tank should be used for the storage of oil
unless its material and construction are compatible with the material
stored and conditions of storage, such as pressure and temperature.
All bulk storage installations should have secondaiy means of
containment for the entire contents of the largest single tank plus
sufficient free board to allow for precipitation. This is normally
interpreted to be at least 10-15% additional in volume. Mobile or
portable oil storage tanks (onshore) should be positioned or located
so as to prevent spilled oil from reaching navigable waters. The
following areas, if applicable, should be addressed in the SPCC plan
for facilities containing bulk storage tanks.
1. Are containment dikes constructed with materials sufficiently
impervious to contain spilled oil?
2. Are catchment basins or trenches sufficient for retaining or
returning oil to the facility and are not in areas subject to
periodic flooding?
3. Is the area secured?
4. Are buried tanks protected from corrosion with coatings,
cathodic protection or other effective methods compatible with
local soil conditions, and are buried tanks subjected to regular
pressure testings or other suitable testings procedures?
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5. Are aboveground tanks subjected to periodic integrity testing,
such as hydrostatic testing, visual inspections for signs of
deterioration or leaks, or a non-destructive shell thickness
testing?
6. Are tank supports and foundations appropriate?
7. Are high liquid level alarms audible or visual signals, or high
liquid pump cutoff devices available and tested frequently?
8. Are direct audible or code signal communication between the
tank gauger and pumping station present and sufficient?
9. Mobile or portable tanks positioned to prevent spilled oil from
reaching the navigable waters.
Facility Transfer Operations, Pumping, and In-Plant Process-
1. Buried piping protectively wrapped and coated, and cathodically
protected?
2. Piping not in service for extended times is capped or blank-
flanged?
3. Piping supports minimize abrasion?
4. Above ground valves and pipelines subject to regular
examinations?
5. Vehicular traffic aware (warned) of above ground piping?
Facility Tank Car and Truck Loading/Unloading Rack Areas - Facility
tank car and truck loading/unloaaing should meet the minimum
requirements and regulations established by the Department of
Transportation. Rack area's should have a containment system
designed to hold at least the maximum capacity of any single
compartment of a tank car or truck in the rack area. If a containment
system is not available the facility should provide a draining system
that would prevent the release of oil into the surrounding waters,
and allow for recovery of the spilled oil.
Site Security - Security of all plants handling, processing, and storing oil
(excluding oil production facilities) should be fully fenced, and
entrance gates should be locked or guarded when the plant is not in
production or is unattended. All master flow drain valves that may
permit direct outward flow of the tank's content to the surface should
be securely locked in the closed position when in non-operating or
non-standby status. The starter control on all oil pumps should be
locked in the off position or located at a site accessible only to
authorized personnel when the pumps are in a non-operating or
non-standby status. The loading/unloading connections of oil
pipelines should be securely capped or blank-flanged when not in
service for an extended time. Facility lighting should be suitable to:
1) aid in the discovery of spills occurring at night, and 2) prevent
spills occurring through acts of vandalism.
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Most Common Flaws/Problems With SPCC Plans and
Implementation
No SPCC Plan available or if available, not approved by a certified
engineer;
SPCC Plan is not up to date; i.e., not implemented or reviewed
recently. The regulations require owners and operators to review and
evaluate their SPCC Plan's once every three years (40 CFR Part
112.5);
Drain valve types or operation logs not sufficient or available;
Site security is inadequate; i.e., no locks or fences;
Inadequate loading/unloading area containment;
Containment lacking or insufficient; i.e., existing cracks or too small;
Leaking pipes;
Tanks have flaws or are not labeled;
Pipes or valves are exposed and do not have crash barriers;
Emergency procedures lacking or insufficient;
Safety equipment inadequate or lacking;
Inadequate access to spill supplies;
Illegal off-site drainage, and
Facility personnel inadequately trained in spill prevention.
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SPCC EXAMPLES
Several industrial trade associations have developed suggested SPCC
Plan preparation guidelines for use by their members. Generally these
guidelines were developed for a particular type of facility and have been
very helpful. However, care should be exercised not to rely totally on
any stereotyped format. Each plan is unique to the facility and requires
individual thought processes and tailoring to specific spill hazards.
The American Petroleum Institute has prepared a bulletin entitled
"Suggested Procedure for Development of Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plans" {API Bulletin D 16). This was designed primarily
for oil production facilities.
The National Oil Jobbers Council has prepared a sample SPCC Plan
covering a modest sized bulk plant which includes written and graphic
details along with a dike design procedure. A modified copy of this is
included in Appendix B.
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APPENDIX A
EXAMPLE CERTIFICATION PAGE
An example of a certification page for an SPCC Plan is shown below.
Certification Information
A. Name of Facility - Washington Bulk Storage Terminal
B. Type of Facility - Crude Oil Storage and Handling
C. Date of Initial Operation -1 January 1974
D. Location of Facility -1111 Main Street, Seattle, Washington
E. Name and Address of Owner:
ABC Oil Company
P.O. Box 100
Oilville, Washington 98000
F. Designated Person Responsible for Oil Spill Prevention:
Name: John Doe
G. Oil Spill History - This facility has experienced no significant oil spill
events during the twelve months prior to 10 January 1974.
H. Management Approval - Full approval is extended by Management
at a level with authority to commit the necessary resources toward
spill prevention.
Signature
Name: Ms. A.A. Jones
Title: President, ABC Oil Company
I. Certification -1 hereby certify that I have examined the facility and,
being familiar with the provisions of 40 CFR, Part 112 attest that
this SPCC Plan has been prepared in accordance with good
engineering practices.
Name: I.M. TAT
Signature:
(Seal)
Date: 10 January 1974 Registration No: 0000-00
State: Oregon
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APPENDIX B
SAMPLE SPCC PLAN
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan
ABC Oil Company
100 Neverspill Road
Post Office Box 100
Oilville, Washington 98000
Telephone (123) 456-7890
Contact
John Doe, Owner & Manager
Certification:
Engineer:
Signature:
License Number: 0000-00 (Seal)
State: Oregon
Date: 10 January 1974
1. Name and Ownership
Name: ABC Oil company
100 Neverspill Road
Post Office Box 100
Oilville, Washington 98000
Telephone (123) 456-7890
Manager: John Doe
505 Oil Road
Oilville, Washington 98000
Telephone: (123)456-0987
Owner: Same
Other
Personnel: Secretary-Bookkeeper
Dispatcher
Transport Driver
(3) Delivery People
Service
Area:
King County, Washington
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2. Description of Facility
The bulk plant of the ABC Oil Company handles, stores, and
distributes petroleum products in the form of motor gasoline,
kerosene, and No. 2 fuel oil. The accompanying drawing shows the
property boundaries and adjacent highway, drainage ditches, on-site
buildings, and oil handling facilities.
Fixed
Storage: (2) 20,000 gallon vertical tanks {premium gasoline)
(2) 20,000 gallon vertical tanks (regular gasoline)
(2) 20,000 gallon vertical tanks (No. 2 fuel oil)
(1) 20,000 gallon vertical tanks (kerosene)
Total: 140,000
Vehicles: (1) Transport Truck
(4) Tankwagon Delivery Trucks
The bulk plant is surrounded by steel security fencing and the gate is
locked when the plant is unattended. Two area lights are located in
such positions so as to illuminate the office and storage areas.
3. Past Spill Experiences
(None)
4. Spill Prevention-Storage Tanks
1) Each tank is UL-142 construction (aboveground use).
2) The main outlet valve on each tank is lock-shut when the plant is
unattended.
3) Each tank is equipped with a direct-reading gauge.
4) Venting capacity is suitable for the fill and withdrawal rates.
5) Main power switch for pumps is located in a box which is locked
when the bulk plant is unattended.
6) A dike surrounds the tank assembly. Its volume (height vs.
area) is computed based on a single largest tank within (20,000
gallons) and allowance is made for all additional vertical tank
displacement volumes below the dike height (estimated spill
liquid level). Total storage capacity is 140,000 gallons. A 2-inch
water drain is located at the lowest point within dike enclosure
and it connects to a normally-closed gate valve outside the dike.
5. Spill Prevention-Vehicular
1) On site
The frontal highway ditch and the ditch on the property's southern
boundary intersect before crossing the highway through a culvert
headed eastward and eventually to a stream located
approximately one-half mile distant. Emergency containment
action will constitute the erection of an earthen dam and
placement of absorbent pillars at the entrance to culvert.
Additional cascading of barriers will be provided as necessary.
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Personnel training and drill are described herein later.
2) Off site
Each vehicle is equipped with a shovel and two absorbent pillars.
The driver is instructed to achieve emergency containment, if
possible, then call the office for help immediately.
6. Personnel
All personnel have been instructed and rehearsed in the following
spill prevention and countermeasure plans:
1) No tank compartments to be filled prior to checking reserves.
2) No pump operations unless attended continuously.
3) Warning signs are displayed to check for line disconnections
before vehicle departures.
4) Instruction has been held on oil spill prevention, containment, and
retrieval methods, and a "dry-run" drill for an on-site vehicular
spill incident has been conducted.
5) Instructions and phone numbers have been publicized and
posted at the office regarding the report of a spill to the National
Response Center (1-800-424-8802), the U.S. Coast Guard, the
EPA, and the applicable State Environmental agency.
6) Instructions and company regulations have been posted
conspicuously which relate to oil spill prevention and
countermeasure procedures.
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7. Future Spill Prevention Plans
By July 10,1995 {implementation deadline) the following additional
plans will be completed:
1) On-site storage of spill containment and retrieval materials and
equipment: bagged absorbent, absorbent pillars and booms, and
tools. Storage facility will be well-publicized and clearly identified.
2) Installation of a sand-filled catchment basin for minor, routine
spillage at loading pump intakes and at loading rack. Sand to be
periodically replaced.
3) A routine inspection program with check-off listing of tanks,
piping, valves, hoses, and pumps for the prevention of both major
spills and also minor spills or leakage through proper
maintenance.
John Doe
Signature
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2. Example of Design: Horizontal Tanks Only
Plan View-Available dike position
30 ft.
Ll.
h
10,000 gal.
15,000 gal.
15,000 gal.
45 ft.
(a) Minimum Containment Volume is single largest tank dike: 15,000
gallons, this example
15,000 gal., @.1337 cu ft/gal = 2006 cu ft.
(b) Available Area:
30 ft x 45 ft = 1350 sq ft, this example.
(c) Average Dike Height "h" is:
hx 1350 sq ft = 2006 cu ft.
h = 2006-r 1350
h = 1.486 ft. = 17.8 inches plus freeboard.
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3. Example of Design: Horizontal and Vertical Tanks
Plan View - Available dike portion
Horizontal Horizontal
Vertical
Horizontal
| 10,000 gal.
_I_i
15,000 gal. 15,000 gal.
oo
(2) 20,000 gal.
75 It.-
(a) From code, the Minimum Containment Volume is single largest
tank within dike: 20,000 gallons, this example.
20,000 gallons x .1337 cu ft/gallon = 2674 cu ft,
(b) Available Dike Area, this example: 30 ft x 75 ft = 2250 sq ft.
(c) Observe that some volume of the vertical tanks goes below the
dike wall height {see last sentence, paragraph 1 .a). This volume
of the second 20,000 gallon tank (and any additional verticals)
assumed not ruptured must be considered.
(d) Average Dike Height "h" is:
h x Area of Dike = Minimum Containment Volume + h x circular
area of second and any additional vertical tanks.
h x 2250 sq ft = 2674 cu ft + h X 3.14 x 5.25 x 5.25 (radius
squared)
2250 h - 86.5h = 2674
2163.5h = 1.236 ft = 14.8 inches.
Average Dike Height = approximately 15 inches plus freeboard.
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GLOSSARY
Discharge: Includes, but is not limited to, any spilling, leaking, pumping,
pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping. Excludes discharges in
compliance with a permit under section 402 of the Clean Water Act
(CWA); discharges resulting from circumstances identified, reviewed, and
made part of the public record with respect to a permit issued or modified
under section 402 of the CWA, and subject to a conditions in such permit;
or continuous or anticipated intermittent discharges from a point source,
identified in a permit or permit application under section 402 of the CWA,
that are caused by events occurring within the scope of relevant
operating or treatment systems.
Facility: Any mobile or fixed, onshore or offshore building, structure,
installation, equipment, pipe, or pipeline used in oil well drilling operations,
oil production, oil refining, oil storage, and waste treatment. The
boundaries of a facility may depend on several site-specific factors,
including, but not limited to, the ownership or operation of building,'
structures, and equipment on the same site and the types of activity at
the site.
Harmful Quantity: Includes discharges of oil that violate applicable
water quality standards or cause a sludge or emission to be deposited
beneath the surface of the water or upon adjoining shorelines.
Injury: A measurable adverse change, either long- or short-term, in the
chemical or physical quality or the viability of a natural resource resulting
either directly or indirectly from exposure to a discharge of oil, or
exposure to a product of reactions resulting from a discharge of oil.
Navigable Waters: As defined by 40 CFR Part 110.1, means the waters
of the United States, including the territorial seas. The term includes:
(a) All waters that are currently used, were used in the past, or may
be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including
all waters that are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide;
(b) Interstate waters, including interstate wetlands;
(c) All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including
intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, and wetlands, the use,
degradation, or destruction of which would affect or could affect
interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters:
(1) That are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for
recreational or other purposes;
(2) From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in
interstate or foreign commerce;
(3) That are used or could be used for industrial purposes by
industries in interstate commerce;
(d) All impounds of waters otherwise defined as navigable waters
under this section;
(e) Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this
definition, including adjacent wetlands; and
(f) Wetlands adjacent to waters identified in paragraphs (a) through
(e) of this definition: Provided, that waste treatment (other than
cooling ponds meeting the criteria of this paragraph)
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Nearshore Area: The area extending seaward 12 miles from the
boundary lines defined in 46 CFR part 7, except in the Gulf of Mexico. In
the Gulf of Mexico the nearshore area is the area extending seaward 12
miles from the line of demarcation (COLREG lines) defined in 33 CFR
80.740-80.850.
Non-persistent Oil: A petroleum-based oil that, at the time of shipment,
consists of hydrocarbon fractions: (1) at least 50% of which by volume,
distill at a temperature of 340 degrees C (645 degrees F) and (2) at least
95% of which bv volume, distill at a temperature of 370 degrees C (700
degrees F). A Group 1 oil can also be a non-petroleum oil with a specific
gravity less than 0.8.
Non-petroleum Oil: Oil of any kind that is not petroleum based. It
includes, but is not limited to, animal and vegetable oils.
Oil: Oil in any kind or in any form, including, but not limited to petroleum,
fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, and oil mixed with wastes other than dredged
soil.
Onshore Production Facilities: Includes all wells, flowlines, separation
equipment, storage facilities, gathering lines, and auxiliary non-
transportation-related equipment and facilities in a single geographical oil
or gas field operated by a single operator.
Owner/Operator: Any person owning or operating an onshore facility or
an offshore facility, and in the case of any abandoned offshore facility, the
person who owned or operated or maintained such facility immediately
prior to such abandonment.
Persistent Oil: Includes a petroleum-based oil that does not meet the
distillation criteria for a non-persistent oil. Persistent oils are further
classified based on specific gravity as follows:
Group II Specific gravity less than .85,
Group III Specific gravity between .85 and < .95
Group IV Specific gravity between ,95 and 1.0
Group V Specific gravity greater than 1.0
This criteria is also applicable to non-petroleum oils.
Regional Administrator: The EPA Regional Administrator or a
designee of the Regional Administrator, in and for the Region in which the
facility is located.
Rivers and Canals: Includes bodies of water confined within the inland
area with a project depth or 12 feet or less, including the Intracoastal
Waterway and other waterways artificially created for navigation.
SPCC Plan: The document required by the Oil Pollution Prevention
regulation that details the equipment, manpower, procedures, and steps
to prevent, control and provide adequate countermeasures to an oil spill.
The plan is a written description of the facility's compliance with the
procedures of this regulation.
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