RESWRCH REPORTS
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
AND SUPPORT LABORATORY - LAS VEGAS
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114
JANUARY - DECEMBER
1976
PRCrt^°
-------
PAGE 12 ADD JOURNAL ARTICLE
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION AND MILK SECRETION OF RADIO-
NUCLIDES BY THE DAIRY COW IV. INORGANIC RADIOMERCURY
Mullen, A. L., R. E. Stanley, S. R. Lloyd, and A. A.
Moghlssl
Health Phys., 28 pp 685-691. June 1975
Abstract: Four lactatlng cows were confined in metabolism
stalls and each given a single oral dose of
Hg(N0j)2- For the next 10 days, all milk, urine and feces
from the four cows were collected and the mercury-203 content
measured. Peak activity appeared In the milk kl hours after
Ingestion of the radlonuclIde. The mercury-203 was eliminated
by the cow with a biological half-time in milk of 131 hours.
During the 10*day period after dosing, 75% of the ingested
mercury-203 was excreted, with 0.08% recovered In the urine,
0.01% In the milk, and the remainder In the feces. In a com-
panion study lactating cows and calves were sacrificed at
various times after oral and Intravenous administrations of
mercury-203 and samples were collected to measure the tissue
distribution of the radionuclide. The radlomercury was found
distributed throughout the body after both intravenous and
oral administrations, with the kidneys being the site of prin-
cipal concentration. As indicated by the results of this
study, inorganic radlomercury is sparingly absorbed from the
Intestinal tract of the dairy cow and the urinary system is
the preferred route of excretion for the absorbed radlomercury.
PAGE 12 DELETE JOURNAL ARTICLE
THE EC0SECT PROBE"A NEW APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE
MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANTS IN SOILS
This was published as IN SITU SOIL GAMMA ANALYZERA NEW
APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANTS IN SOILS,
listed on page 13.
PAGE 18 DELETE UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATION
VERSATILE TECHNIQUE FOR THE SAMPLING AND MONITORING
OF MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS AND SUBSTANCES
Presentation cancelled.
PAGE 20 DELETE UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATION
FORMAT FOR RAPID DATA ANALYSIS OF ST0RET DATA
Presentation cancelled 1n 1975. See Research Reports-1976.
3*77
-------
RESEARCH REPORTS
OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
JANUARY-DECEMBER 1975
ERRATA
U.S, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
P. 0, BOX 15027
LAS VEGAS/ NEVADA 89114
-------
RESEARCH REPORTS
OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976
COMPILED BY
INFORMATION SERVICES STAFF
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
P. 0. BOX 15027
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114
-------
FOREWORD
Protection of the environment requires effective
regulatory actions which are based on sound technical
and scientific information. This information must in-
clude the quantitative description and linking of pol-
lutant sources, transport mechanisms, interactions, and
resulting effects on man and his environment. Because
of the complexities involved, assessment of specific
pollutants in the environment requires a total systems
approach which transcends the media of air, water, and
land. The Environmental Monitoring and Support Labora-
tory-Las Vegas (EMSL-LV)* contributed to the formation
and enhancement of a sound integrated monitoring data
base through multidisciplinary, multimedia programs
designed to:
develop and optimize systems and strategies
for monitoring pollutants and their impact
on the environment
demonstrate new monitoring systems and tech-
nologies by applying them to fulfill special
monitoring needs of the Agency's operating
programs.
The EMSL-LV also conducts research and monitoring
programs for the U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration's (ERDA) Nevada Operations Office. These
programs concern environmental radiation associated with
the ERDA's testing of nuclear explosives conducted at
the Nevada Test Site and other sites.
"Research Reports" lists scientific and technical
reports published or presented by EMSL-LV personnel.
We hope this listing will prove useful to persons in-
terested in environmental monitoring and the work of
our Laboratory. We welcome any suggestions for improv-
ing the utility of future issues of this annual
bibliography.
~Until June 29, 1975, the National Environmental
Research Center-Las Vegas (NERC-LV)
Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory-Las Vegas
-------
CONTENTS
FOREWORD iii
AVAILABILITY OF REPORTS vii
I. PUBLICATIONS IN THE EPA SERIES 1
II. PUBLICATIONS IN THE NERC-LV/ 19
EMSL-LV SERIES
III. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 27
IV. UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATIONS AT 33
SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS
V. WORKING PAPER SERIES 42
AUTHOR INDEX
v
-------
AVAILABILITY OF REPORTS
Reports published in the EPA Series, listed in
Section I, are available from the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS).
Those published in the NERC-LV/EMSL-LV Series,
Section II, are reports of work performed for the U.S.
Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)
and can be ordered from the NTIS or, for ERDA contrac-
tors, from the Oak Ridge Technical Information Center,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830.
Reports published as articles in professional
journals, chapters in books, or in proceedings of
scientific and technical meetings can usually be seen
in most major libraries, particularly those associated
with universities. Reprints of journal articles can
sometimes be obtained from the author, or by writing
to the publisher.
Unpublished presentations usually are not avail-
able. If the presentation is to appear in the pro-
ceedings of a meeting, that is indicated.
Section V lists reports in a Working Paper Series
for EPA's National Eutrophication Survey. The reports
are available from the NTIS and, as long as their supply
lasts, from the groups which prepared the reports.
The EMSL-Las Vegas does not maintain a mailing list
for distribution of published reports. Please request
copies of those you desire from the sources indicated.
NTIS = National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia 22161
GPO = Superintendent of Documents
Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402
Persons interested in other reports of research
performed or sponsored by EPA's Office of Research and
Development should consult the "ORD Publications
Summary." The Summary is published quarterly and
provides a listing (since July 1973) of ORD's final
vll
-------
reports on in-house, grant, contract, and interagency
projects. It provides a brief abstract of recently
printed reports, as well as indices by Title, Perform-
ing Organization, Personal Author, Report Number, and
Grant, Contract, or Interagency Agreement Number. The
"ORD Publications Summary" may be ordered from the
Technical Information Staff, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
vUl
-------
I. PUBLICATIONS IN THE EPA SERIES
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
AMERICIUM-ITS BEHAVIOR IN SOIL AND PLANT SYSTEMS
Brown, K. W. , EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-005, January 1976
Abstract: Data on the behavior of americium In plant
and soil systems is reviewed and found
lacking in several critical areas. Although some
studies have been done on the physical and chemical
interaction of americium on these systems, most of
them were short-term and limited in scope. As ameri-
cium is classified as a hazardous radionuclide and is
likely to increase In Importance as an environmental
pollutant, further study is suggested. Also, the use
of americium as a tool for measuring various soil
parameters is discussed.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB250797/AS
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
TRITIUM ACCUMULATION IN LETTUCE FUMIGATED WITH
ELEMENTAL TRITIUM
McFarlane, J. C., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research
and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-006, January 1976
Abstract: Lettuce plants fumigated with elemental
tritium accumulated tritium in the plant
water as well as in the organic constituents. The
conversion rate of elemental tritium to trttlated
water varied from 0.5 nanocuries per minute per pot
at the start to 0.8 nanocuries per minute per pot at
the termination of the 2A-day exposure to an air con-
centration of 5 nanocuries per liter. Based on the
concentration of tritium In various plant tissues,
foliar absorption was postulated as the route of
plant contamination. The data indicated than an
enzymatically facilitated conversion of the leaf or
soil surface was the probable mechanism.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB250428/AS
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
1
-------
RUTHENIUM: ITS BEHAVIOR IN SOIL AND PLANT SYSTEMS
Brown, K. W. , EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-019, February 1976
Abstract: The information published concerning the
behavior of ruthenium in plant and soil
systems is reviewed and areas needing further inves-
tigation are identified. Studies in the literature
indicate that ruthenium is one of the most chemically
complex elements.
Ruthenium can become extremely mobile in soils at one
time, and then become tightly bound the next. The re-
tention and binding of ruthenium on soil colloids and
other environmental media have been demonstrated to
be both a physical and chemical phenomenon; however,
these binding mechanisms have largely remained uniden-
tified and uninvestigated. Evidence indicates that
ruthenium can become incorporated into plants through
either a root or foliar exposure. Mechanisms of vege-
tative incorporation and retention of ruthenium are
still not fully understood, thereby requiring continued
study.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB251107/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
BIOLOGICAL TRANSFER OF PLUTONIUM VIA IN VIVO LABELED
GOAT S MILK
Sutton, W. W., A. A. Mullen, S. R. Lloyd,and R. E.
Mosley, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, Las Vegas
EPA-600/3-76-025, March 1976
Abstract: Three lactating goats were given intra-
venous injections of citrate-buffered
Plutonium nitrate at a rate of 75 mlcrocuries per
animal per day for 3 consecutive days. Two goats
received piutonium-238 and one received pluton-ium-
239. The goats were hand milked at 8-hour intervals
and portions of milk were l) fed to juvenile goats,
2) fed to adult and juvenile rats, and 3) analyzed
for plutonium content. Five days a^ter dosing, one
plutonium-238 injected goat was sacrificed and the
remaining two goats were sacrificed 28 days after
dosing. In all three goats approximately one percent
of the total plutonium dose was transferred to the
milk by the fifth post-treatment day. Plutonium
retained by the tissues was deposited primarily in
the liver and bone.
2
-------
In vitro plutonium-labeled milk was also fed to
groups of rats and juvenile goats. Tissue concen-
trations of plutonium from juvenile goats which
had received either in vivo or in vitro labeled
milk were somewhat variable. Due possibly to
this, within group variability and the small number
of animals per group (two) there were no clearly
discernible differences between treatments. The
percentage of dose retained in liver and carcass
(pelt and gastrointestinal tract removed) of adult
and juvenile rats was also compared after receiving
the various plutonium doses. The only comparison
point to show a consistent trend was the observa-
tion that, as expected, juvenile rats retained
more of the ingested dose than the adult animals.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB252244/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
AVAILABILITY, UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF PU WITHIN
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS'. A Review of the Significant
Literature
Mullen, A, A., and R. E. Mosley, EMSL-Las Vegas,
Office of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas,
Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-043, April 1976
Abstract: This report is a selective review of the
literature on the availability of plutonium
in the environment and its cycling throughout repre-
sentative biological systems ranging from large biomes
covering hundreds of miles to the molecular transforma-
tions within individual cells. No attempt was made to
develop a comprehensive bibliography. Rather, refer-
ences were selected for inclusion as representative
documents for the vast spectrum of material that Is
available on the subject.
Important general references are listed separately.
Thereafter the literature is described in essay form
on a subject basis. References cited by number in
the text are listed In complete bibliographic form
at the end of the report together with an author
Index. The majority of the material reviewed Is
limited to relatively recent publications.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB252179/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
3
-------
METHYLMERCURY: FORMATION IN PLANT TISSUES
Gay, D. D., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-049, May 1976
Abstract: Methylmercury was found In the tissue of
the pea plant (Pieum sativum) after spray-
ing mercuric nitrate onto the leaves, after planting
in mercuric nitrate or phenylmercuric acetate con-
taminated soil and after infiltration and incubation
of stems, leaves, and apices in mercuric nitrate or
phenylmercuric acetate solutions. The concentration
of mercury added In each experiment was 10 micrograms/
gram. Younger pea tissue formed more methylmercury
than older tissue. Methylmercury was also found in
three different species of plant growing near an
abandoned mercury mine.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB255096
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
TRITIUM IN PLANTS AND SOIL
McFarlane, J. C., W. F. Beckert, and K. W. Brown,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development,
EPA, Las Vegas,, Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-052, May 1976
Abstract: Literature regarding the fate and conse-
quences of tritium in plants and soils is
reviewed. The kinetics of tritium in plant and soils
was reviewed in light of water potential terminology,
and some original research data are enclosed to Illus-
trate specific concepts. The review cites 70 articles.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB255950/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
CONCENTRATION FACTORS AND TRANSPORT MODELS FOR RADIO-
NUCLIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTSA Literature Report
Patzer, R. G., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-054, May 1976
Abstract: The relative risks to man from radionuclides
released to the environment depend heavily on
their accumulation or concentration by aquatic organ-
isms. The organisms which accumulate those radio-
nuclides present in the environment may be useful as
-------
indicators for environmental monitoring purposes. In
addition, these organisms may be directly in food chain
pathways to humans.
Literature is reviewed and summarized In regard to
biological concentration of radionuclides in fresh-
water and marine environments. Concentration factors
for elements found in organisms are tabulated for
plants, invertebrates, and fish in marine and fresh-
water environs. Literature Is also reviewed on models
developed to calculate the possible radiation dose
delivered to humans from radionuclides released Into
aquatic environments. The model approaches summarized
range from simple generalized forms which, at best,
give order of magnitude estimates to detailed models
for a specific area which may be used to guide waste
discharge practices.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB255097
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
DISTRIBUTION OF INGESTED AMERICIUM IN CHICKENS AND
TRANSPORT TO EGGS
Mullen, A. A., S. R. Lloyd, and R. E. Mosley, EMSL-
Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-058, May 1976
Abstract: The soluble citrate complex of amerlcium-
241 was orally administered to 20 white
Leghorn laying hens dally for 2 weeks. The yolks,
whites and shells from the eggs were analyzed for
their americium content. Yolk was the only egg
fraction In which radioactivity was observed. The
amerlclum-241 activity In yolks reached a maximum
on the Hth day of dosing. Biological half-times
of 2.0010.18 days and greater than 33 days were In-
dicated by the average concentration values of
amerlclum-2'tl in yolks laid after the maximum
activity was reached.
The hens were serially sacrificed at 1, 10, and 20
days after the final administration of amerIcIum-241.
Tissue samples were collected and the americium con-
tent determined In the edible portions and feathers
of the hens. Americium was detected In most tissues
shortly after dosing; the main concentrations were
found In the liver and the skeleton. The highest
concentration per organ (3.03 x 10"3 percent of the
dose)occurred In the liver of the hens sacrificed
10 days after final administration of americium-241.
5
-------
Order from: NTIS, No. PB256698/AS
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
BIOTRANSFORMATION AND CHEMICAL FORM OF MERCURY IN
PLANTS
Gay, D. D., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-76-082, July 1976
Abstract: The in vitro methylation of inorganic
mercury has been demonstrated using an
acetone precipitated protein fraction from Pieum
sativum and S-adenosyl-methioine as the methyl-
donating compound.
A time course of the enzymatic formation of
methylmercury has shown that the maximum methyl -
mercury concentration occurred after 1 hour of
incubation of the substrates with the enzyme
system. At all subsequent incubation times re-
duced concentrations of methylmercury in the
reaction mixture were observed.
When a time course for the in vivo methylation of
inorganic mercury was done using an infiltration
and incubation procedure, the maximum concentration
of methylmercury was observed after 10 hours of in-
cubation. All subsequent incubation periods pro-
duced lesser amounts of methylmercury.
The results suggested that the methylmercury is an
intermediate compound in the mercury pathway in
peas (Pieum sativum).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB258287/AS
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
6
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
MEASUREMENT OF STRONTIUM-89 AND STR0NTIUM-90 IN
ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS: A Tentative Reference Method
Quality Assurance Branch, Monitoring Systems Research
and Development Division, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-011, March 1976
Abstract: A tentative reference method for the
measurement of strontium-89 and -90 in
environmental waters is described. Samples of environ-
mental water sources are collected, preserved with acid-
strontium carrier, and analyzed for strontium-89 and/or
strontium-90. Strontlum-89 and -90 are separated from
the sample water by precipitating with stable strontium
carrier as carbonate. The strontium carbonate is dis-
solved, yttrlum-90 separated, the strontium reprecipi-
tated as carbonate, filtered, and counted for the
combined strontlum-89 and -90 activity. The yttrium-
90 is allowed to grow in from the strontium-90 activ-
ity; the strontium carbonate is redissolved; the
yttrium-90 is separated, precipitated, and counted
for the strontium-90 determination. The strontium-89
activity is then determined by difference of the total
strontium-89 and -90 and the separate strontium-90
activities. Recoveries are determined from the added
and found (recovered) strontium carrier. Counting
efficiencies are determined with prepared standard
reference samples. Results are reported in plcocuries
per liter.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB251312/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL RADIUM AND RADIUM-226 IN ENVIRON-
MENTAL WATERS'. A Tentative Reference Method
Quality Assurance Branch, Monitoring Systems Research
and Development Division, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-012, March 1976
Abstract: A tentative reference method for the measure-
ment of total radium and radium-226 in envi-
ronmental water sources Is described. Samples are
collected, preserved with acid-barium carrier treatment,
and analyzed for total radium and/or radium-226. For
samples analyzed for total radium, the radium Is sepa-
rated from the sample with barium and lead carriers.
7
-------
The barium and radium are then separated from the lead
carrier, precipitated as the sulfate, filtered, and
counted for alpha activity. For samples analyzed for
radlum-226, the radium is separated from the sample with
barium carrier, dissolved and transferred to a de-emana-
tion bubbler, the radon-222 daughter allowed to grow in,
the ingrown radon-222 de-emanated from the solution and
transferred to a scintillation counting cell, and alpha
counted. Recoveries are determined from the added and
found (recovered) barium carrier. Counting efficiencies
are determined with prepared standard reference samples.
Results are reported in picocuries per liter.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB251313/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
THE STATUS AND QUALITY OF RADIATION MEASUREMENTS IN
WATER
Jarvis, A. N., R. F. Smiecinski, and D. G. Easterly,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development,
EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-017, April 1976
Abstract: As part of the radiation quality assurance
program conducted by EPA, calibrated radio-
nuclide solutions are distributed to participating
laboratories for instrument calibrations and yield
determinations. Laboratory performance studies involv-
ing the analysis of radionuclides tn environmental media
are also conducted.
A summary is given of the results of the water cross-
check program for 197^» Examination of these results
reveals that gross beta Is the most difficult (kk
percent within the control limits) and tritium is the
least difficult (90 percent within the control limits)
for the laboratories to analyze. These results Indicate
the need for Improvement in analytical procedures for
the radionuclide studies.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB255107/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
8
-------
DESIGN OF POLLUTANT-ORIENTED INTEGRATED MONITORING
SYSTEMS A Test Case: Environmental Lead
Jenkins, D. W. , Editor, National Institute of Scien-
tific Research, Rancho Santa Fe, California. Contract
No. 68-03-0443. E. A. Schuck, Project Officer, EMSL-
Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-018, April 1976
Abstract: It Is necessary to assure that monitoring
measures are directly related to the popu-
lation of highest risk and that the major sources of
pollutants are clearly Identified and quantified. An
Integrated monitoring system Is a systems approach for
providing the information necessary to permit effi-
cient control of those sources of pollutants causing
major threats to the population of highest risk. A
"Workshop for the Design of a Pollutant-Oriented
Integrated Monitoring System" convened by EPA in
March 1974 summarized the elements of such a systems
approach and discussed those Information needs yet to
be satisfied by basic monitoring research.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB255103
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY: DATA MANAGEMENT*
Hampton, N. F. , General Electric Company-TEMPO, Center
for Advanced Studies, Santa Barbara, California. Con-
tract No. 68-01-0759. G. B. Morgan, Project Officer,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development,
EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-70-019, April 1976
Abstract: The growing concern for subsurface water
resources will surely be accompanied by an
expanding groundwater data base, a data base which Is
already quite large. This report is intended to point
the way towards the efficient management of this data
base which will assure that pertinent Information Is
available when and where It is needed. The discussion
presented here will describe the requlrements of ground-
water data management, survey some available capabilities
* One in a series of five reports prepared by EPA on groundwater
quality monitoring. The basic report is EPA-600M-76-026. Other
reports provide Important supplemental data, information, and
examples. Each report Is self-contained In the material presented.
9
-------
which may serve to satisfy these requirements and
identify the means by which these capabilities can
be used to accomplish the management of groundwater
data.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB255492/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY: METHODS AND COSTS'"
Everett, L. G. , K. D. Schmidt, R. M. Tinlin, and
D. K. Todd, General Electric Company-TEMPO, Center for
Advanced Studies, Santa Barbara, California. Contract
No. 68-01-0759. G. B. Morgan, Project Officer, EMSL-
Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-023, May 1976
Abstract: This report describes various groundwater
monitoring methods and provides a generalized
cost breakdown of the major economic factors for each
method. All possible groundwater-related measuring
techniques applicable at the land surface, topsoil,
vadose zone and zone of saturation are presented. Each
monitoring method is described, referenced and illus-
trated. Estimates of itemized capital and operational
costs are presented. The material is presented for in-
depth reference purposes without recommendation for
least-cost techniques, a least-cost mix of groundwater
monitoring approaches, or an optimal information system.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB257133/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.75, Microfiche $3.00
MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY: MONITORING METHODOLOGY*
Todd, D. K., R. M. Tinlin, K. D. Schmidt, and L. G.
Everett, General Electric Company-TEMPO, Center for
Advanced Studies, Santa Barbara, California. Contract
No. 68-01-0759. G. B. Morgan, Project Officer, EMSL-
Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-026, June 1976
*0ne in a series of five reports prepared by EPA on groundwater
quality monitoring. The basic report is EPA-600/A-76-026. Other
reports provide important supplemental data, information, and
examples. Each report is self-contained in the material presented.
10
-------
Abstract: The first section of this report describes
the needs, objectives, and constraints of
monitoring groundwater quality with particular emphasis
on the problem as viewed by the EPA, given its legisla-
tive mandates in the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments of 1972 (PL 92-500), and the Safe Drink-
ing Water Act of 197^ (PL 93~523)¦ The second section
develops a methodology for monitoring groundwater
quality degradation resulting from man's activities.
The methodology is presented in the form of a series
of procedural steps arranged in chronological order.
The third and final section of the report provides
information on groundwater quality. A description is
given of the geological framework governing the move-
ment of groundwater, and natural underground water
quality. The occurrence of groundwater pollution,
including its distribution, mechanisms, attenuation,
evaluation, and trends is presented. The constitu-
ents in polluted groundwater and the various sources
and causes of pollution are reviewed. The section ends
with a discussion of water quality in relation to water
use.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB256068/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.75, Microfiche $3.00
RADIOIODINE PREDICTION MODEL FOR NUCLEAR TESTS
Black, S. C., and D. S, Barth, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office
of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-027, June 1976
Abstract: Results of U experiments on the air-forage-
cow-milk transfer of iodine-131 are summai
ized and used to develop prediction models for dose to
the thyroids of infants. The models are based on data
from various types of nuclear tests together with data
from controlled experiments using contaminating
aerosols. This provides a realistic foundation for
the predictions and for adjusting the predictions to
correct for some types of forage.
Equations developed from these studies can be used to
predict within a factor of 2 the infinite dose to a
2-gram thyroid from a single contaminating event
where cows continue to ingest contaminated forage
and the subject drinks 0.7 liters of milk per day.
This dose, in rads, is equal to 0.37 times the peak
exposure rate measured 1 meter above ground, or 0.07
times the integrated air concentration. For wet
disposition, it is suggested that the predicted doses
be increased by a factor of 10. An equation for
11
-------
pre-test prediction is also developed. Short-lived
radioiodines and inhalation during effluent passage
have a definite effect on the predicted doses.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB255629/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
AIRBORNE LIDAR RAPS STUDIES, FEBRUARY 1974
Eckert, J. A., J. L. McElroy, D. H. Bundy, J. L.
Guagliardo, and S. H. Melfi, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office
of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-028, June 1976
Abstract: During February \37h, an airborne downlooking
lidar system was flown in support of the
Regional Air Pollution Study being conducted by EPA in
St. Louis, Missouri. The lidar system was used primar-
ily to measure mixing layer height over the metropolitan
area during the morning and evening transition periods.
The flight plan consisted of south to north and west to
east traverses with horizontal data resolution of 1.5
kilometers and a vertical resolution of 30 meters. (One
traverse over the greater St. Louis area could be flown
in about 10 minutes.) Final data are presented in com-
puter-generated, iso-scattering curves plotted for
altitude versus ground-distance along this particular
traverse.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB255886/AS
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES*
Tinlin, R. M., Editor, General Electric Company-TEMPO,
Center for Advanced Studies, Santa Barbara, California.
Contract No. 68-01-0759. G. B. Morgan, Project Officer,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-036, July 1976
Abstract: This report is designed to show by example
site-specific procedures for monitoring
various classes of groundwater pollution sources. The
*0ne in a series of five reports prepared by EPA on groundwater
quality monitoring. The basic report is EPA-600/'t-76-026. Other
reports provide Important supplemental data, information, and
examples. Each report is self-contained in the material presented.
12
-------
first of five case histories of actual or potential
groundwater pollution are presented with the moni-
toring techniques and their efficacy. The case
histories cover brine disposal in Arkansas, plating
waste contamination in Long Island, New York, land-
fill lechate pollution in Milford, Connecticut, an
oxidation pond near Tucson, Arizona, and multiple-
source nitrate pollution in the Fresno-Clovis,
California, metropolitan area. The report concludes
with hypotentical illustrative examples for develop-
ing and selecting monitoring alternatives based on a
cost comparison between other alternatives and
hydrologic judgment. The examples illustrated
cover agricultural return flow, septic tanks, perco-
lation ponds, and landfills.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB257936/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING OPERATIONS OF AMBIENT AIR
MONITORING NETWORKS-A Manual
Shnider, R. W., and E. S. Shapiro, URS Research Com-
pany, San Mateo, California. Contract No. 68-03-0473.
E. A. Schuck, Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office
of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-043, August 1976
Abstract: This manual is designed to evaluate the
efficiency of ambient air monitoring net-
works whose primary objective is to document compli-
ance with or progress toward attaining ambient air
quality standards. The manual provides methods to
evaluate the efficiency of each of six operational
areas: Network Plan and Design, Personnel Qualifi-
cations, Facilities and Equipment, Sampling and
Analysis, Quality Assurance, and Data Utilization.
A technique is presented for the overall integrated
evaluation of the operational areas. A final section
provides methods to evaluate the efficiency of budget-
ary allocations.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB259782/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00* Microfiche $3.00
13
-------
MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY: ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK
AND PRINCIPLES"
Crouch, R. L., R. D. Eckert, and D. D. Rugg, General
Electric CompanyTEMPO, Center for Advanced Studies,
Santa Barbara, California. Contract No. 68-01-0759.
G. B. Morgan, Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office
of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-045, September 1976
Abstract: Discusses the economic considerations in
selecting an optimal groundwater quality
monitoring system. Section I argues that poor speci-
fications of the property rights in groundwater is a
major cause of excessive pollution. Section II examines
groundwater adjudication and legislation and notes that
government intervention through the authority of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
(PL 92-500) will take the form of government-established
and -enforced groundwater quality standards. Section
III discusses the overall costs and benefits to society
involved in groundwater quality monitoring. Section IV
discusses monitoring needs for establishment of quality
standards and their enforcement, and develops a cost-
benefit framework for the analysis of groundwater quality
monitoring. Section V examines an alternative regulatory
approach based on "waste relocation rights" for property
owners. These rights would protect property owners'
groundwater from pollution by others through specifying
allowable pollutant levels. They would be transferable
in the marketplace (like mineral rights) and enforce-
ment of them would be carried out in courts.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB260919/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.50, Microfiche $3.00
PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING OPERATIONS OF WATER MONITOR-
ING NETWORKS
Shnider R. W., and E. S. Shapiro, URS Research Com-
pany San Mateo, California. Contract No. 68-03-0473.
E. a'. Schuck, Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office
of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-050, September 1976
« ¦ a ^ries of five reports prepared by EPA on groundwater
*0ne in a series or five repo I p k epa.M0/i,.76.026. 0ther
-ai itv monitoring. ine oasic ,
reports provide important supplemental data informal on, and
Samples «ch report is self-contained in the material presented.
14
-------
Abstract: The report is designed as a manual to eval-
uate the efficiency of surface-water quality
monitoring networks whose primary objective is to docu-
ment compliance with or progress toward attaining
ambient water quality standards. The manual provides
methods to evaluate the efficiency of each of seven
operational areas: Network Plan and Design, Personnel,
Facilities and Equipment, Sampling Quality Assurance,
Data Distribution and Dissemination, and Agency Inter-
actions. A technique is presented for the overall in-
tegrated evaluation of the operational areas. A final
section provides methods to evaluate the efficiency of
budgetary a 11ocat ions.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB260920/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
RADIOACTIVITY STANDARDS DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM-FY 1977
Ziegler, L. H., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-053, October 1976
Abstract: A program for the distribution of calibrated
radioactive samples, as one function of EPA's
quality assurance program for environmental radiation
measurements, is described. Included is a discussion of
the distribution program and a description of the prepa-
ration, availability, and distribution of calibrated
radioactive samples. Instructions and application forms
are included for laboratories desiring to participate in
the program. This document is designed for use by
personnel of laboratories participating or desiring to
participate in the Radioactivity Standards Distribution
Program which is a part of the EPA's quality assurance
program.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB261330/AS
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
INTERLABORATORY INTERCOMPARISON OF POLONIUM-210
MEASUREMENTS
Ziegler, L. H., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-054, October 1976
Abstract: In 1975 the EPA distributed calibrated solu-
tions of polonium-210 to laboratories inter-
ested in participating in an intercomparison study of
polonium-210 analysis. Participants were asked to
15
-------
perform a quantitative radioactivity analysis of the
solution. The results reported by all the participa-
ting laboratories are given. Fifty-four percent of
the reported activity values were within ± 10 percent
of the activity value certified by the National Bureau
of Standards.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB262392/AS
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
FORMAT FOR ACQUIRING RAPID DATA ANALYSIS CAPABILITIES
OF STORET DATA: Manipulation of National Eutrophica-
tion Survey Water Quality Data
Bliss, J. D., M. J. Friedland, and J. Hodson, EMSL-
Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-76-057, November 1976
Abstract: As an integral part of EPA's National
Eutrophicat ion Survey, the EMSL-Las Vegas
collected water quality information from selected
lakes throughout the contiguous United States.
Water quality data are categorized and stored using
an EPA central computer-oriented system STORET
(STOrage and RETrieval).
The data processing and analytical requirements were
not met by the program options internal to the STORET
system. A need for raw data conversion in STORET to
some other accessible form was recognized. A job con-
trol language package, "STORET.TO.WYLBUR." was written
for conversion of raw data in STORET into a standard-
ized format for statistical evaluation and manipulation
of Survey data. This data analysis scheme may be ideal
for general use as another program option internal to
the STORET system.
Order from: NTIS, No. pending
16
-------
MISCELLANEOUS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST WORKSHOP ON SAMPLING
GEOTHERMAL EFFLUENTS
Workshop Participants. Sponsored by EMSL-Las Vegas,
Office of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas,
Nevada
EPA-600/9-76-011, May 1976
Abstract: This is a compilation of papers presented
at the first in a series of workshops on
environmental monitoring of geothermal energy develop-
ment held October 20-21, 1975, at EMSL~Las Vegas. The
purpose of the workshop was to generate the exchange of
ideas and knowledge needed to develop a set of standard
geothermal sampling methods with assurance of quality
in those methods. Representatives of industry, univer-
sities, and government presented 19 technical papers,
12 of which are published in this document. Their
content and the discussions which followed the presen-
tations provided guidance for developing a recognized
Referenced Sampling Method Handbook.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB258067/AS
Price: Paper copy $8.00, Microfiche $3.00
NOBLE GASES
Stanley, R. E., and A. A. Moghissi, Editors
National Environmental Research Center, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/9-76-026, September 1973
Abstract: The Noble Gases symposium, on which this
report is based, provided comprehensive
coverage of the noble gases. The coverage included,
but was not limited to, the properties, biokinetlcs,
bioeffects, production and release to the environment,
detection techniques, standards, and applications.
The report contains 70 papers presented by scientists
in 9 countries including the United States, Poland,
Switzerland, Sweden, the Federal Republic of Germany,
India, Italy, the United Soviet Socialist Republic,
and France. It also contains the symposium's keynote
address and a transcript of a roundtable discussion
on "Noble Gases from Nuclear Reactors: Containment
17
-------
vs. Environmental Release." The symposium was held
in Las Vegas, Nevada, in September 1973-
Order from: NTIS, No. PB259085/AS
Price: Paper copy $16.25, Microfiche $3.00
GPO, No. 055-000-00-151-1
Price: $7.15
18
-------
II. PUBLICATIONS IN THE NERC-LV/EMSL-LV SERIES*
SPRINGS ON THE NEVADA TEST SITE AND THEIR USE BY
WILDLIFE
Giles, K. R. , EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
NERC-LV-539-26, April 1976
Abstract: During August 1972 natural springs located
on the Nevada Test Site were surveyed to
determine the use by wildlife and the effort required
for improving flow. Each spring is described and its
use by wildlife noted. Methods of improving spring
flow are suggested. It is believed that minimal effort
at most of the springs would result in a significant
improvement of water flow with resulting benefits to
wildlife. The recommendations are intended to encourage
development of the Nevada Test Site springs and to main-
tain the wildlife now at the Test Site.
Order from: NTIS, No. NERC-LV-539-26
Price: Paper copy $5.45, Microfiche $3.00
TISSUE BURDENS OF SELECTED RADIONUCLIDES IN BEEF CATTLE
ON AND AROUND THE NEVADA TEST SITE
Smith, D. D. , S, C. Black, K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt,
and R. R. Kinnison, EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas,
Nevada
NERC-LV-539-29, January 1976
Abstract: During 1972 cattle from three different herds
on and around the Nevada Test Site were sampled
to determine the tissue burdens of plutonium and uranium.
The only other isotopes detected in tissues were stron-
tium-90, iodfne-131, cesium-l37> and tritium, although
zirconium-95, ruthenium-103, barium-l^O, and cerlum-lM
were frequently found in rumen contents. The herds
sampled were: l) a control herd from Searchlight, Nevada;
2) a herd from Area 18 of the Nevada Test Site; and
* Work reported in this series was performed under Memorandum
of Understanding No. AT(26-l)-539 for the U.S. Energy Research
and Development Administration (formerly U.S. Atomic Energy
Commi ss i on).
19
-------
3) a herd grazing in the Operation Roller Coaster
area of the Tonopah Test Range where four chemical
detonations involving plutonium were conducted in
1963-
The strontium-90 content of bone ash was similar to
that measured in other ruminants sampled in past
years. The thyroids of cattle sacrificed in Hay
1972 contained iodine-131 ranging from 2 to 76 pico-
curies per gram which was attributed to fallout from
a nuclear test conducted on the Chinese -mainland on
March 8, 1972. Elevated tritium levels were found
in the blood of selected cattle from the Roller
Coaster herd which were maintained in the feed lot
on the Nevada Test Site near the Sedan crater, the
site of a nuclear test conducted in 1962.
The uranium content of the tissues sampled was rela-
tively consistent among the three herds-, however, the
geometric mean piutonium~239 was about 20 times higher
in femurs from the Roller Coaster cattle than in
femurs from the SearchHght cattle. This ratio was
much lower in edible tissues. The hypothetical rflaxi-
mum bone dose from plutonium and uranium for a man,
accrued while ingesting 250 grams per day for 50 years,
was calculated to be about 10 mi Mi rem (mrem) from
beef muscle and 19 mrem from beef liver. The yearly
dose-rate values after the postulated 50-year inges-
tion period are less than 1 percent of the yearly
guide of 500 mrem per year.
Order from: NTIS» No. NERC-LV-539-29
Price: Paper copy $5.45, Microfiche $3.00
ANIMAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM 1972 ANNUAL REPORT
Smith, D. D. , K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt
EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada '
NERC-LV-539-35, May 1976
Abstract: Data obtained from the radioanalyses of
tissues collected from cattle, deer, desert
bighorn sheep, and other wildlife that reside on or
near the Nevada Test Site are presented. Special
actinide studies with cattle from the Tonopah Test
Range and Searchlight, Nevada, special sampling of
an Arizona buffalo herd, and bioenvironmental samplinq
of the Gnome site in New Mexico and the Tatum Dome
Test Site in Mississippi are discussed.
The thyroids of cattle sampled during Hay and deer
sampled in March and May contained detectable levels
20
-------
of iodine-131. The possible source of this radionuclide
was an atmospheric nuclear detonation in the People's
Republic of China during March 1972.
Cesium-137 and zirconium-95 were the only gamma-emitting
radionuclides that were regularly detected in the soft
tissues. Cesium-137 was found in 10 beef muscle and 2
beef liver samples. The median values were 30 and 28
picocuries per kilogram (pCi/kg), respectively. One
Nevada Test Site deer muscle sample had a level of 2k
pCi/kg while muscle samples from Mississippi deer con-
tained 2300 and 3100 pCi/kg.
Elevated tritium levels were found in three cattle, one
deer, and a coyote. Postulated sources of these levels
are discussed. The strontium-90 levels in bones of
ruminants contained the downward trend of recent years.
Cattle bones averaged 3-9 picocuries per gram (pCi/g)
ash, deer 3-1 pCi/g ash, and desert bighorn sheep ^.9
pCi/g ash.
The analysis of tissues for actinides was emphasized
during 1972. Levels of piutonium-239 detected in muscle
of beef cows ranged from 0.5 percent to 4 percent of the
levels found in the ingesta. These levels in the bones
tended to increase with age of the animal.
Hypothetical dose estimates resulting from the daily
consumption of liver or muscle containing peak activity
levels were calculated using the minimum guide of 0.5
rem per year for the whole body. These estimates
expressed as a percent of 0.5 rem were: tritium, 0.121;
ceslum-137, 0.11$; mercury-203, 1.8%; uranium natural,
0.04%, ptutonium-238, 0.007%; and p)utonium-239» 0.15%.
Gross and microscopic lesions found in sampled animals
are discussed. The most significant lesions reported
were anthracotfc1 ike pigments in a coyote's lung and a
bile duct carcinoma in a horse.
Food habits of desert bighorn sheep were determined
through the botanical analysis of rumen contents. The
average composition of the ingesta was 65 percent
grasses, 34 percent shrubs, and I percent forbs.
Other activities of the Animal investigation Program
are described.
Order from: NTIS, No. NERC-LV-539-35
Price: Paper copy $5.45, Microfiche $3.00
21
-------
PLUTONIUM UPTAKE BY A SOIL MICROORGANISM,
ASPERGILLUS NIGER
Au, F. H. F. , W. F. Beckert, and J. C. McFarlane,
EMSL-Las "Vegas, EPA, Las "Vegas, Nevada
NERC-LV-539-37, January 1976
Abstract: A common soil fungus, Aspergillus niger,
was grown on malt agar and in broth con-
taining soluble plutonium compounds. The transport
factors derived from this series of experiments
indicate that plutonium was concentrated in the
mycelium and further transported to the aerial spores
of this fungus. A new and simple spore collection
technique was developed to prevent cross-contamination
of the spores with mycelial fragments and by direct
contact with the piutonium-containing agar medium.
If a similar process occurs in p1utonium-contaminated
soils, it could be an important link in the transfer
of soi1-deposited plutonium to man. It would also
explain the apparent time-dependent increases in the
uptake rate of plutonium by plants grown on contami-
nated soils reported by Romney and his associates.
Order from: NTIS, No. NERC-LV-539-37
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
GASEOUS RADIOIODINE TRANSPORT IN THE AIR-FORAGE-COW-
MILK SYSTEM
Black, S. C., R. L. Douglas, and D. S. Barth, EMSL-
Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-539-2, April 1976
Abstract: To study the transport of iodine in the air-
forage-cow-milk system, a gaseous form of
iodine-131 was released over a field of growing alfalfa
which also contained some baled hay and dairy cows in
pens. Some of the alfalfa was converted to hay and fed
to cows, and some was used as green chop for other cows
and goats.
The results of this experiment suggested that the deposi-
tion velocity of gaseous iodine is much less than that
for iodine bound to particulates; that cows ingesting
hay secrete a higher percentage of iodine-131 in milk
than cows ingesting green chop; that gaseous forms do
not penetrate hay bales to any great extent; that the
gaseous form is transferred to milk in a manner similar
to particulate forms; that ingestion of contaminated
forage results in 80 times as much iodine-131 transfer
to milk as does "inhalation" exposure to the same cloud;
22
-------
and that goats transfer iodine-131 from forage to milk
more efficiently than do dairy cows.
Order from: NTIS, No. EMSL-LV-539-2
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR THE NEVADA TEST
SITE AND OTHER TEST AREAS USED FOR UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR
DETONATIONS, JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER 1975 (with errata)
Monitoring Operations Division, EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-539-4, April 1976
Abstract: Summaries are given of EMSL-Las Vegas sampling
methods, anaiytical procedures, and the ana-
lytical results of environmental samples collected in
support of ERDA nuclear testing activities. Where appli-
cable, sampling data are compared to appropriate guides
for external and internal exposures to ionizing radiation.
A brief summary of pertinent and demographica1 features
of the Nevada Test Site and its environs is presented for
background information.
Order from: NTIS, No. EMSL-LV-539-4
Price: Paper copy $6.00, Microfiche $3.00
AGRONOMIC PRACTICES OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE EXPERIMENTAL
DAIRY FARM DURING 1971, 1972, AND 1973
Daley, E. M., EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-539-5, August 1976
Abstract: This is one of a succession of reports on the
agronomic practices of the experimental dairy
farm at the Nevada Test Site. Agronomic practices for
the calendar years 1971, 1972, and 1973 are summarized.
Included are land preparation and seeding, irrigation,
fertilization, weed and insect control, and forage
production. Research conducted at the microplot area
is also cited. Descriptive tabular data are enclosed
as appendices.
Order from: NTIS, No. EMSL-LV-539-5
Price: Paper copy $5.45, Microfiche $3.00
23
-------
FOOD HABITS AND RADIONUCLIDE TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF
NEVADA DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP 1972-1973
Brown, K. W., D. D. Smith, D. E. Bernhardt, K. R.
Giles, and J. B. Helvie, EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-539-6, June 1976
Abstract: The botanical composition of the diet and
radionuclide content of selected tissues of
desert bighorn sheep {Ovia canadensis nelsoni) collected
during the 1972 and 1973 hunting seasons were determined
by analyzing rumen contents, and lung, liver, kidney,
and bone tissues.
Botanical examination of the rumen contents showed that
grass exceeded 50 percent of the diet of 10 of 14 animals
collected in 1972 and 12 of 18 animals collected in 1973.
Desert needlegrass (Stipa epeaiosa) , Indian rice grass
{Oryzopsis hymenoides), and squirrel tail [Sitanion
hystrix) were the major grasses utilized. The dominant
shrub species consumed included the joint firs (Ephedra
viridis) and [Ephedra nevadensis), Mohave yucca (Yuaaa
schidigeva), and cliff rose (Cowania mexiaana).
With the exception of potassium-40, gamma-emitting
radionuclides were not detected in desert bighorn sheep
tissues. The tritium levels reported were within
environmental levels. Strontium-90 levels averaged h.S
and 4.1 picocuries per gram of bone ash for 1972 and
1973, respectively, continuing the downward trend ob-
served in recent years. Uranium levels were similar to
those reported from cattle grazing the same general
geographic areas. The daily consumption for 1 year of
500 grams of liver containing the highest levels of
plutonium and uranium would result in a dose to the
human bone, the tissue expected to receive the highest
dose, of approximately 1 millirem per year. This is less
than 1 percent of the radiation protection guides for
the general population.
Order from: NTIS, No. EMSL-LV-539-6
Price: Paper copy $5.45, Microfiche $3.00
OFF-SITE RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY PROGRAM FOR RULISON
FLARING, PHASE III
Boysen, G. A., EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-539-8
Abstract: On October 4, 1970, the production test
flaring operation was begun on an experi-
mental natural gas well to determine the volume and
2k
-------
production capacity of an underground rubble chimney
created by a 40-kiloton nuclear explosive detonated on
September 10, 19&9. 6 miles southeast of Grand Valley,
Colorado, and designated Project Rulison. The flaring
operation continued until April 23, 1971. During this
period, EMSL-las Vegas conducted an off-site radiologi-
cal safety program in accordance with a Memorandum of
Understanding with the U.S. Energy Research and
Development Administration. The operations procedures
which were followed by the EMSL-Las Vegas for this
portion of the Rulison Project are described, and the
results of radiation monitoring and sampling in the
area surrounding the test well are presented.
Order from: NTIS, No. EMSL-LV-539-8
Price: Paper copy $8.75, Microfiche $3.00
25
-------
III. OTHER PUBLICATIONS
JOURNALS
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND MILK SECRETION OF
RADIONUCLIDES BY THE DAIRY COW-V, .RADIOTUNGSTEN
Mullen, A. A., E. W. Bretthauer, and R. E. Stanley
Health Phys.31:5. pp 417-424. November 1976
Abstract: In a study conducted in 1969 and 1970,
lactating cows were given oral or intra-
venous doses of radiotungsten. Blood, milk, urine,
and feces were collected and analyzed to measure
transfer rate and quantity of tungsten eliminated
over an extended period during and after exposure.
Several lactating and nonlactating cows were sacri-
ficed to measure tissue distribution of radiotungsten
and several calves were sacrificed following oral
administration of radiotungsten to determine the
distribution in rapidly growing young.
The average percent of administered dose secreted per
liter of milk at peak activity was 0.01 and 0.I for
the groups receiving oral and intravenous doses, re-
spectively. During the 84-hour period after dosing,
79 percent of the orally administered dose was recovered,
with 64 percent recovered in the feces, 14.6 percent in
urine, and 0.4 percent in milk. tn the same time period,
68 percent of the intravenous dose was recovered with 65
percent in urine, 2 percent in the milk and less than 1
percent in feces.
Tissue distribution results indicate the principal sites
of short-term radiotungsten deposition were skin, liver
and soft tissue. Long-term retention sites in mature
cows were bone, muscle, and skin. Long-term retention
sites in calves were bone, adrenal, skin, and spleen.
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Morgan, G. B.
Environ. Sci. Technol., in press
No abstract
27
-------
BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE OF TRITIUM IN CHICKENS AND EGGS
Mullen, A. A., A. A. Moghissi, R. E. Stanley, S. R.
Lloyd, and P. A. Fort
Health Phys. 30:3, pp. 310-311. March 1976
No abstract
METHYLATION OF MERCURY IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Rogers, R. D.
J. Environ. Qual. 5:4, pp 454-458. Oct.-Dec. 1976
Abstract: Methylation of applied divalent mercury
ion was found to occur in terrestrial soil
systems. The production of methyImercury was affected
by soil texture, soil moisture content, soil tempera-
ture, concentration of the ionic mercury amendment,
and time. Methylation was directly proportional to
percent clay content, temperature, and mercury con-
centration. After an initial build-up of methylmercury
in soil, there appeared to be a mechanism that decreased
the methylmercury content with increasing time.
MONITORING GROUNDWATER QUALITY
Morgan, G. B., E. A. Schuck, and L. G. McMillion
Water Qual. Bull., World Health Organ., in press
No abstract
PB: IN SEARCH OF THE FACTS
Kinnison, R. R.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 10:7, pp 644-649. July 1976
No abstract
RADIATION ENVIRONMENT OF GROWTH CHAMBERS
Tibbitts, T. W., J. C. McFarlane, D. T. Krizek,
W. L. Berry, P. A. Hammer, R. W. Langhans, R. A.
Larson, and D. P. Ormrod
J. Ameri. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101:2, pp 164-170. 1976
Abstract: Radiation measurements with different
types of meters in several controlled
environmental facilities have been compiled to demon-
strate the problems associated with insuring uniform
28
-------
radiation levels in separate facilities. Data are
provided for a quantum meter, three photometers, a
pyranometer and a far-red energy meter. Significant
variations in total radiant energy in chambers under
similar photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
levels were demonstrated. Measurement of light under
cool white fluorescent and incandescent lighting with
calibrated photometers from different manufacturers,
varied by 20 percent. Greater variation occurred
when photometer measurements were compared under
different types of lamps. One of the most signifi-
cant variations in different chambers was the inten-
sity of incandescent radiation. This could only be
effectively monitored and controlled with the far-red
sensor. Factors are given for conversion between
quantum, photometric and radiometric measurements,
but high precision cannot be assumed in the use of
these factors because of the differences in instru-
ment sensitivity and variations in spectral output
of lamps. The study documents the need for calibra-
tion of instruments under the same type of light
source that is utilized in the growth chambers and
for the use of more than one type of sensing instru-
ment to quantify the radiation that controls plant
growth.
REMOTE SENSING PROGRAM; U.S. EPA
Melfi, S. H., J. D. Koutsandreas, and J. Moran
Environ. Sci. Technol., in press
No abstract
STUDY OF THE PARTICULATE AND GASEOUS EMISSIONS OF
TRITIUM FROM NEUTRON GENERATOR TARGETS
Kocol, H., D. N. McNelis, and A. A. Moghissi
Health Phys. 31:1, pp 73-75. July 1976
No abstract
TRITIUM FRACTIONATION IN PLANTS
McFarlane, J. C.
Environ. Experimental Botany 16, pp 9-14. 1976
Abstract: Alfalfa plants were hydroponically grown in
environmental growth chambers in which they
were continually exposed to tritium throughout growth.
All segments of the environment were in equilibrium
29
-------
with respect to the specific activity of tritium. The
tritium content in plant organic matter was about 22
percent lower than in the plant-free water or rooting
solution. Under conditions of low transpiration, there
was a higher concentration (about 1.8 percent) of
tritium in the leaves than in the stems and rooting
solution. This is thought to represent the results
of fractionation during transpiration.
(Also published as EPA-680 A-75"006, June 1975*)
30
-------
PRESENTATIONS PUBLISHED IN PROCEEDINGS
MONITORING WESTERN ENERGY RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTS
Oser, R. K., S. C. Black, D. N. McNelis, S. H. Melfi,
and G. B. Morgan
Presented: National Conference on Health, Environmental
Effects, and Control Technology of Energy Use
Washington, O.C.
February 9-11, 1976
Published in proceedings, EPA-600/7-76-002, pp 47-50
PREDICTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY IN LAKES
Lambou, V. W., L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, R. W.
Thomas, and J. D. Bliss
Presented; Conference on Environmental Modeling and
S i mu1 a t i on
Cincinnati, Ohio
April 19-22, 1976
Published in proceedings, EPA-600/9-76-016, pp 696-700.
July 1976
AIRPORT AIR POLLUTION MONITORING PROGRAM
Zeller, K. F., and R. B. Evans
Presented: 69th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution
Control Association
Portland, Oregon
June 27~July 1, 1976
Published in proceedings: Paper #76-11.1, Session II
Ambient Source Monitoring and Measurement
31
-------
OTHER REPORTS, CHAPTERS IN BOOKS
STUDY OF DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION, AND QUANTIFICATION
TECHNIQUES FOR SPILLS OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
Sandess, G. A., J. F. Washburn, and S. B. Ailes,
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland,
Washington
October 1976
Prepared by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories
for the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contract No.
DOT-CG-54323-A. Marvin R. Dockter, Project Officer,
EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
Abstract: This study is intended to provide some of
the initial technical data needed by the
Coast Guard and the EPA for monitoring water pollu-
tion in inland and coastal waters. There are two
major parts to this report. In the first part, 12
generalized remote and in situ water pollution sensing
techniques are identified and discussed. Then the
relative potential and current detectabi1ity, identi-
fiability, and quantifiabi1ity of each of the first
400 chemicals in the Coast Guard's Chemical Hazards
Response Information System (CHRIS) list are estimated
with respect to each of these techniques. The results
are presented as numerical matrices or charts. Needs
for further research and development of pollution
sensing instrumentation are discussed.
The second part of the report describes the design
and testing of a prototype, active, aerial scanner
system being developed by Batttel le-Northwest for
nighttime pollution detection. The feasibility of
the design concept was demonstrated by laboratory
and flight tests of the scanner together with labora-
tory measurements of the fluorescence spectra of 14
oils and 5 other chemicals.
CHEMICAL AGENTS IN AIR
Barth, D. S., S. C. Black, and J. R. Hammerle
To be published as a chapter in Handbook of Physiology.
American Physiology Society, Bethesda, Maryland
32
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Barth, D. S,, G. B. Morgan, and E. A. Schuck
To be published as a chapter in Advances in Environ-
mental Science and Technology. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, N. Y.
33
-------
IV, UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATIONS AT SCIENTIFIC
AND PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS
SUMMARY PAPER ON ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Barth, D. S.
Presented: National Conference on Health, Environmental
Effects, and Control Technology of Energy Use
Washington, D.C.
February 9-11, 1976
INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES ON AVAILABILITY AND
BIOTRANSPORT OF PLUTONIUM*
Au, F. H. F. , and W. F. Beckert
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration
Las Vegas, Nevada
February 12-13, 1976
SOLUBILITY OF PLUTONIUM AND AMERICIUM-241 FROM RUMEN
CONTENTS OF CATTLE GRAZING ON PLUTONIUM-CONTAMINATED
DESERT VEGETATION IN IN VITRO BOVINE GASTROINTESTINAL
FLUIDS-NOVEMBER 1974 TO MAY 1975*
Barth, J.
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research £ Development Administration
Las Vegas, Nevada
February 12-13, 1976
ATo appear in proceedings.
35
-------
PASSAGE OF SAND PARTICLES THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL
TRACT OF DAIRY COWS *
Patzer, R. G., W. W. Sutton, and G. D. Potter
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration
Las Vegas, Nevada
February 12-13, 1976
GRAZING STUDIES ON A CONTAMINATED RANGE OF THE NEVADA
TEST SITE*
Smith, D. D.
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research S Development Administration
Las Vegas, Nevada
February 12-13, 1976
BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT OF CURIUM-243 IN LACTATING DAIRY
COWS *
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn, and G. D.
Potter
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration
Las Vegas, Nevada
February 12-13. 1976
BOVINE TRANSPORT AND RETENTION OF PLUTONIUM-238 WITH
SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL UPTAKE OF
IN VIVO-LABELED GOATS MILK*
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn, and G. D.
Potter
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research 6 Development Administration
Las Vegas, Nevada
February 12-13, 1976
*To appear in proceedings
36
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY STANDARDS*
Jarvis, A. N.
Presented:
, and D. G. Easterly
National Bureau of Standards 75th Anniversary
Symposium: Measurement for Safe Use of
Rad iat ion
Gaithersburg, Maryland
March ^-k, 1976
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
RESPONSE *
ASPECTS OF
MONITORING
URANIUM-MININGAN EPA
AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
Beckert, W. F., and E. L. Whittaker
Presented: Energy/Environmental Workshop on SRMs for
Uranium Mining
EPA/National Bureau of Standards
Gaithersburg, Maryland
March 22-23, 1976
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FOOD HABITS OF DESERT BIGHORN LAMBS*
Brown, K. W.
Presented:
Desert Bighorn Council Meeting
Kino Bay, Mexico
April 7-8, 1976
OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL
NEUROTOXICOLOGY *
Santolucito, J. A.
FUNDING AVENUES FOR SUPPORT OF
Presented: Symposium on Behavioral Toxicology
Southwestern Psychological Association
Albuquerque, New Mexico
April 30, 1976
*To appear in proceedings
37
-------
MONITORING ON BIOSPHERE RESERVES FOR REGIONAL BACK-
GROUND LEVELS OF POLLUTANTS*
Morgan, G. B., G, B. Wiersma, D. S. Barth
Presented: U.S.-U.S.S.R. Symposium on Biosphere Reserves
Moscow, U.S.S.R.
May 5-6, 1976
ENGINEERING ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING
Melfi, S. H., J. a. Eckert, A. E. Pressman
Presented: 1976 Conference on Laser and Electro-Optical
Systems
San Diego, California
May 25-27, 1976
CURRENT NEEDS AND FUTURE PLANS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORAT0RY~LAS VEGAS PROGRAM
FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEVELOP-
MENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Bretthauer, E. YL , D. B. Gilmore, W. Adams, and G. B.
Morgan
Presented: Workshop to determine needs of standard ref-
erence materials required for monitoring and
environmental effects of geothermal energy
ut i1izat ion
National Bureau of Standards
Gaithersburg , Maryland
May 2^4-25, 1976
RELATIONSHIP OF PHYTOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE TO CHEMICAL
AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
Taylor, W. D., S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, R. W. Thomas,
and L. R. Williams
Presented: Phycological Society of America Annual Meeting
New Orleans, Louisiana
May 30-June *», 1976
(Abstract publ ished in Supplement to J- Phycol. 10, p 3 March 1976)
"To appear in proceedings
38
-------
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN 17 SOUTHEASTERN STATES
Taylor, W. D. , S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, R. W. Thomas,
L. R. Williams, F. A. Hiatt, J. ff. Hilgert, F. A.
Morris, and M. K. Morris
Presented: Phycoiogical Society of America Annual Meeting
New Orleans, Louisiana
May 30-June 4, 1976
(Abstract pub! i shed in Supplement to J. Phycol. 10, p 9- March 1976)
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
Barth, D. S.
Presented: Symposium on Biochemical Effects of Environ-
menta1 Pol 1utants
Cincinnat i, Ohio
Hay 31-June 3, 1976
ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
MEASUREMENTS IN WATER, MILK AND FOOD
Jarvis, A. N., and D. G. Easterly
Presented: 30th Annual Technical Conference of the American
Society for Quality Control
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
June 7-9, 1976
MILK SECRETIONS AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF INTRA-
VENOUSLY ADMINISTERED PLUTONIUM IN DAIRY GOATS*
Mullen, A. A., W. W. Sutton, S. R. Lloyd, and R. E.
Mosley
Presented: Health Physics Society Annual Meeting
San Francisco, California
June 27-July 2, 1976
*To appear In proceedings
39
-------
LONG RANGE AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF OZONE OFF THE COAST
OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES*
Siple, G. W., C. K. Fitzsimraons, K. F. Zeller, and
R. B. Evans
Presented: International Conference on Photochemical
Oxidant Pollution and Its Control
Raleigh, North Carolina
September 12-17, 1976
AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY POL-
LUTANT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ST. LOUIS URBAN PLUME*
Hester, N. E., R. B, Evans, F. G. Johnson, and E. L.
Martinez
Presented: International Conference on Photochemical
Oxidant Pollution and Its Control
Raleigh, North Carolina
September 12-17, 1976
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING*
Morgan, G. B.
Presented: Conference on Methods and Standards
for Environmental Measurement
National Bureau of Standards
Gaithersburg, Maryland
September 20-24, 1976
DEVELOPMENT OF A TWO FREQUENCY DOWNWARD LOOKING
AIRBORNE LIDAR SYSTEM*
Eckert, J. A., D. H. Bundy, and J. L. Peacock
Presented: Conference on Methods and Standards
for Environmental Measurement
National Bureau of Standards
Gaithersburg, Maryland
September 20-24, 1976
*To appear in proceedings
40
-------
A FORMAT FOR RAPID DATA ANALYSIS OF STORET DATA
Bliss, J. D., M. J. Friedland, and J. Hodson
Presented: STORET users MEETING
Bethany, West Virginia
September 27~30, 1976
EPA-NBS TRACEABILITY EXPERIENCE IN RADIOLOGICAL
MEASUREMENTS
Ziegler, L. H. , and A. N. Jarvis
Presented: Workshop on Air Monitoring Reference
Methods: Traceability of Calibration
Standards
National Bureau of Standards
Gaithersburg, Maryland
September 30-0ctober 1, 1976
DEEPWELL DISPOSAL OF TRANSURANIC CONTAMINATED LIQUID
WASTE AT THE NEVADA TEST SITE*
Western, A. W., E. H. Hall, and J. S. Coogan
Presented: Waste Management '76
Tucson, Arizona
October 3~7, 1976
SOIL MICROORGANISMS-CONTRIBUTORS TO MOBILITY OF
TRANSURANICS*
Au, F. H. F.
Presented: Symposium on the Dynamics of Transuranics in
Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research 6 Development Administration
Gatlinburg, Tennessee
October 5~7, 1976
*To appear in proceedings
41
-------
APPLICATION OF THE ARTIFICIAL RUMEN AND SIMULATED
BOVINE GASTROINTESTINAL FLUIDS PROCEDURE IN THE
STUDY OF THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF FIELD-DEPOSITED
TRANSURANICS*
Barth, J.
Presented: Symposium on the Dynamics of Transuranics
in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research £ Development Administration
Gatlinburg, Tennessee
October 5-7, 1976
SOME NEW STATISTICAL CONCEPTS FOR QUALITY CONTROL*
Kinnison, R. R., and A. N. Jarvis
Presented: Symposium on the Dynamics of Transuranics
in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research £ Development Administration
Gatlinburg, Tennessee
October 5~7, 1976
TRANSURANIC ELEMENTS IN TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS AND THE
ENVIRONMENT: AN INTRODUCTION*
Potter, G. D.
Presented: Symposium on the Dynamics of Transuranics
in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration
Gatlinburg, Tennessee
October 5_7, 1976
REVIEW OF GRAZING STUDIES ON PLUTONIUM-CONTAMINATED
RANGELANDS *
Smith, D. D.
Presented: Symposium on the Dynamics of Transuranics
in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration
Gatlinburg, Tennessee
October 5~7, '976
*To appear in proceedings
42
-------
TRANSPORT OF PLUTONIUM VIA FOOD PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL
ORIGIN *
Sutton, W. W., and A. A. Mullen
Presented: Symposium on the Dynamics of Transuranics
in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration
Gatlinburg, Tennessee
October 5~7. 1976
ELEMENTARY DISPERSION MODELING
Behar, J. V.
Presented: Geothermal Environmental Symposium1976
Lakeport, California
October 27-29, 1976
TERRESTRIAL MONITORING OF ELEMENTAL CONTAMINANTS
AROUND GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS*
Crockett, A. B.
Presented: Geothermal Environmental Sympos i um-1976
Lakeport, California
October 27-29, 1976
MESOSCALE ANALYSIS OF OZONE MEASUREMENTS IN THE BOSTON
ENVIRONS*
Zeller, K. F., R. B. Evans, C. K. Fitzsimmons, G. W.
Siple
Presented: Symposium on the Non-Urban Troposphertc
Compos i t ion
Ho 11ywood, F1 orida
November 10-12, 1976
RADIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY SURVEY AND QUALITY CONTROL
Jarvis, A. N.
Presented: 1976 Water Quality Technology Conference
American Water Works Association
San Diego, California
December 7, 1976
*To appear in proceedings
*~3
-------
V. WORKING PAPER SERIES
EPA NATIONAL EUTROPHI CATION SURVEY WORKING PAPER
SERIES, 1976
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated
in 1972 to investigate the nationwide threat of accel-
erated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and res-
ervoirs. The Survey was designed to develop, in
conjunction with State and environmental agencies,
information on nutrient sources, concentrations and
impact on selected freshwater lakes. This information
provides a basis for formulating comprehensive and
coordinated national, regional and State management
practices relating to point source discharge reduction
and nonpoint source pollution abatement in lake water-
sheds. Lake sampling was completed in November 1975.
Reports of data on individual lakes are being
prepared cooperatively by the Special Studies Section,
Criteria and Assessment Division, Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Laboratory, 200 SW 35th Street,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330, and the Water and Land Quality
Branch, Monitoring Operations Division, EMSL-Las Vegas,
P. O. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114.
Working papers listed here are available from
NTIS and, as long as their supplies last, from the
groups which prepared the reports.
Working Date in
Paper No. 1976 Title
226 July Bankhead Lake and Holt Lock and Dam,
Walker and Tuscaloosa Counties,
Alabama
227 July Gantt Lake, Covington County, Alabama
228 July Guntersville Reservoir, Marshall and
Johnson Counties, Alabama
230 July Lay and Mitchell Lakes, Chilton and
Coosa Counties, Alabama
231 July Martin Lake, Elmore and Tallapoosa
Counties, Alabama
A5
-------
233
23k
235
236
287
323
32^
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
33^
335
336
Date in
1976
Title
July
July
July
July
September
March
March
March
March
Apr i 1
Apr i 1
March
July
March
May
March
Apr i 1
Apr i 1
Apr i 1
Pickwick Lake, Colbert and Lauderdale
Counties, Alabama, Tishomingo County,
Mississippi, and Harding County,
Tennessee
Lake Purdy, Jefferson and Shelby
Counties, Alabama
Weiss Reservoir, Cherokee County,
Alabama, and Floyd County, Georgia
Wilson Lake, Lauderdale, Colbert and
Lawrence Counties, Alabama
Clark Hill Reservoir, Columbia, Elbert,
Lincoln, McDuffie, and Wilks Counties,
Georgia, and Abbeville and McCormick
Counties, South Carolina
Bass Lake, Starke County, Indiana
Cataract Lake, Owen and Putnam Counties,
I nd iana
Crooked Lake, Steuben County, Indiana
Dallas Lake, LaGrange County, Indiana
Geist Reservoir, Hamilton and Marion
Counties, Indiana
Hamilton Lake, Steuben County, Indiana
Hovey Lake, Posey County, Indiana
James Lake, Kosciusko County, Indiana
Lake James, Steuben County, Indiana
Long Lake, Steuben County, Indiana
Marsh Lake, Steuben County, Indiana
Mississinewa Reservoir, Grant, Miami,
and Wabash Counties, Indiana
Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall County,
Ind i ana
Monroe Reservoir, Brown and Monroe
Counties, Indiana
46
-------
Working Date in
Paper No. 1976 Title
337 April Morse Reservoir, Hamilton County,
Indiana
338 March 0!in Lake, LaGrange County, Indiana
339 March Oliver Lake, LaGrange County, Indiana
340 March Pigeon Lake, Steuben County, Indiana
341 April Sylvan Lake, Noble County, Indiana
342 July Lake Tippecanoe, Kosciusko County,
Ind i ana
343 April Versailles Lake, Ripley County, Indiana
344 March Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County, Indiana
345 April Webster Lake, Kosciusko County, Indiana
346 March Westler Lake, LaGrange County, Indiana
347 April Whitewater Lake, Union County, Indiana
348 April Winona Lake, Kosciusko County, Indiana
349 March Witmer Lake, LaGrange County, Indiana
354 October Kentucky Lake, Hardin, Decatur, Wayne,
Perry, Benton, Humphreys, Houston,
Henry, and Stewart Counties, Tennessee
and Calloway, Trigg, Marshall, Lyon
and Livingston Counties, Kentucky
364 May Budd Lake, Morris County, New Jersey
365 May Duhernal Lake, Middlesex County, New
Jersey
366 May Farrington Lake, Middlesex County,
New Jersey
367 May Greenwood Lake, Passaic County, New
Jersey, and Orange County, New York
368 May Hopatcong and Musconetcong Lakes,
Morris and Sussex Counties, New
Jersey
47
-------
Working
Paper No.
Date in
1976
Title
370 May
371 May
372 May
373 May
374 May
375 May
376 May
429 May
431 April
434 August
435 August
438 May
439 May
442 September
443 September
Oradell Reservoir, Bergen County,
New Jersey
Paulinskill Lake, Sussex County,
New Jersey
Pinecliff Lake, Passaic County,
New Jersey
Pompton Lakes, Passaic County,
New Jersey
Spruce Run Reservoir, Hunterdon County,
New Jersey
Union Lake, Cumberland County, New
Jersey
Wanaque Reservoir, Passaic County,
New Jersey
Lake William C. Bowen, Spartanburg
County, South Carolina
Lake Greenwood, Greenwood, Laurens, and
Newberry Counties, South Carolina
Lake Marion, Berkeley, Calhoun,
Clarenden, Orangeburg, and Sumter
Counties, South Carolina
Lake Moultrie, Berkeley County,
South Carolina
Saluda Lake, Greenville and Pickens
Counties, South Carolina
Lake Secession, Abbeville and Anderson
Counties, South Carolina
Barkley Lake, Stewart and Montgomery
Counties, Tennessee, and Trigg and
Lyon Counties, Kentucky
Boone and South Holston Reservoirs,
Washington, Sullivan, and Carter
Counties, Tennessee, and Washington
County, Virginia
48
-------
Working Date in
Paper No. 1976 Title
December Cheatham, Old Hickory, and J. Percy
Priest Reservoirs, Cheatham, Davidson,
Sumner, Wilson, Smith, Trousdale, and
Rutherford Counties, Tennessee
M5 September Cherokee Lake, Jefferson, Hamblen,
Grainger, and Hawkins Counties,
Tennessee
M7 September Douglas Lake, Sevier, Jefferson, and
Coche Counties, Tennessee
4^9 September Great Falls Lake, White and Van Buren
Counties, Tennessee
^53 September Reel foot Lake, Obion County, Tennessee
*»55 September Tims Ford and Woods Reservoirs, Moore,
Franklin, and Coffee Counties, Tennessee
^9^ August Lake Ahquabi, Warren County, Iowa
*»95 August Big Creek Reservoir, Polk County, Iowa
496 August Black Hawk Lake, Sac County, Iowa
1»97 August Clear Lake, Cerro Gordo County, Iowa
499 August Lost Island Lake, Clay and Palo Alto
Counties, Iowa
500 August Lake Macbride, Johnson County, Iowa
501 August Prairie Rose Lake, Shelby County, Iowa
503 September Red Rock Reservoir, Marion County, Iowa
50** August Red Creek Lake, Jasper County, Iowa
505 August Silver Lake, Worth County, Iowa
506 August Spirit Lake, Dickinson County, Iowa
507 August Viking Lake, Montgomery County, Iowa
508 August West Okoboji Lake, Dickinson County,
Iowa
55August Branched Oak Reservoir, Lancaster
County, Nebraska
^9
-------
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
Date iri
1976 Title
August Harlan County Reservoir, Harlan County,
Nebraska
August Harry D. Strunk Reservoir, Ironteer
County, Nebraska
August Hugh Butler Reservoir, Frontier and
Red Willow Counties, Nebraska
August Johnson Reservoir, Dawson and Gosper
Counties, Nebraska
August C. W. McConaughy Reservoir, Keith
County, Nebraska
August Pawnee Reservoir, Lancaster County,
Nebraska
August Sherman Reservoir, Sherman County,
Nebraska
August Swanson Reservoir, Hitchcock County,
Nebraska
September Lake Ashtabula, Barnes and Griggs
Counties, North Dakota
October Audobon Lake, McLean County, North
Dakota
October Brush Lake, McLean County, North Dakota
October Lake Darling, Renville and Ward Counties,
North Dakota
September Devils Lake, Benson and Ramsey Counties,
North Dakota
October Jamestown Reservoir, Stutsman County,
North Dakota
October Lake LaMoure, LaMoure County, North
Dakota
October Matejcek Lake, Walsh County, North
Dakota
October Lake Metigoshe (South Basin),
Bottineau County, North Dakota
50
-------
Working Date in
Paper No. T976 Title
Title
571t September Pelican Lake, Bottineau County, North
Dakota
575
September Lake Sakakawea, Dunn, McKenzie, McLean,
Mercer, Mountrail and Williams Counties,
North Dakota
576
October
Spiritwood Lake, Stutsman County
North Dakota
577
October
Sweet Briar Lake, Morton County, North
Dakota
578
October
Whitman Lake, Nelson and Walsh Counties,
North Dakota
NES WORKING PAPERS AUTHORED BY BMSL-LAS VEGAS PERSONNEL
COMPONENTS CONTRIBUTING TO LIGHT EXTINCTION IN NATURAL
WATERS: METHOD FOR ISOLATION
Verduin, J., L. R. Williams, and V. W. Larabou
NES Working Paper No, 369, May 1976
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN ALABAMA LAKES
Taylor, W. D., F. A, Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert,
V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, R. W. Thomas, M. K. Morris,
and L. R. Williams
NES Working Paper No. 677, October 1976
51
-------
AUTHOR/PROJECT OFFICER INDEX
Adams, W., J8
*Ailes, S. B. 32
Au, F. H. F. - 22, 35, 41
Barth, D. S. - 11, 22, 32, 33,
35, 38, 39
Barth, J. 35, 42
Beckert, W. F. - 4, 22, 35, 37
Behar, J. V. 43
^Bernhardt, D. E. 19, 20, 24
*Berry, W. L. 28
Black, S. C. - U, 19, 22, 31,
32
B1iss, J. D. - 16, 31 , M
Boysen, G. A. 24
Bretthauer, E. W. 27, 38
Brown, K. W. 1, 2, 4, 2k, 37
Burtdy, D. H. 12, 40
Coogan, J. S. 41
Crockett, A. B. 43
*Crouch, R. L. 14
Daley, E. M. - 23
Docktor, M. R. 32
^Douglas, R. L. 22
E-asterly, D. G. 8, 37, 39
Eckert, J. A. - 12, 38, 40
*Eckert, R. D. 14
Evans, R. B. - 31, 40, 43
*Everett, L. G. 10
Fitzsimmons, C. K. 40, 43
*Fort, P. A. - 28
Friedland, M. J. 16, 41
*Not on staff of EMSL-Las Vegas
Gay, 0. 0. 4, 6
Giles, K. R. - 19, 20, 24
Gilmore, D. B. 38
Guagliardo, J. L. 12
Hahn, P. B. 36
*Hal1, D. H. 41
*Hammer, P, A- 28
*Hammerle, J. R. 32
^Hampton, N. F. 9
*Helvie, J. B. 24
Hern, S. C. - 31, 38, 39, 51
Hester, N. E. 40
Hiatt, F. A. 39, 51
Hilgert, J. W. 39, 51
Hodson, J. 16, 41
Jarvis, A. N. - 8, 37, 39, 41
42, 43
*Jenklns, D. W. ~ 9
Johnson, F. G. 40
Kinnison, R. R- 19, 28, 42
*Kocol, H. 29
*Koutsandreas, J. 0. 29
*Krizek, D. T. 28
Lambou, V. W. 31 , 38, 39, 51
*Langhans, R. W. 28
*Larson, R. A. 28
Lloyd, S. R. - 2, 5, 28, 39
^Martinez, E. L. - 'tO
McEIroy, J. L. 12
McFarlane, J. C. 1, 4, 22,
28, 29
53
-------
McMi11 ion, L. G. - 28
McNelis, D. N. - 29, 31
Melfi , S. H. - 12, 29, 31, 38
*Moghissi, A. A. 17, 28, 29
Mon i tor ing Operat ions 0 ivi s Ion
23
*Moran, J. 29
Morgan, G. B. 9, 10, 12, 14
27, 28, 31, 33, 38, 40
Morris, F. A. 39, 51
Morris, M. K. - 39, 51
Mosley, R. E. - 2, 3, 5, 39
Mutlen, A. A. - 2, 3, 5, 27,
28, 39, 43
*0rmrod, D. P. 28
Oser, R. K. - 31
Patzer, R. G. 4, 36
Peacock, J. L. *»0
Potter, G. D. 36, 42
Pressman, A. E. 38
Quality Assurance Branch 7
Rogers, R. D. 28
*Rugg, D. D. 14
*Sandess, G. A. 32
Santolucito, J. A. 37
*Schmidt, K. D. - 10
Schuck, E. A. - 9, 13, 14, 28,
33
^Shapiro, E. S. 13, '4
*Shnider, R. W. - 13, 14
Siple, G. W. -40, 43
Smiecinski, R. F. 8
Smith, D. D. 19, 20, 24, 36
42
Stanley, R. E. - 17, 27, 28
*Not on staff of EMSL-Las Vegas
Sutton, W. W. - 2, 36, 39, 43
Taylor, W. D. - 38, 39, 51
Thomas, R. W. 31, 38, 39, 51
*T i bb 1 tts , T. W. - 28
«T in I in, R. M. - 10, 12
*Todd, D. K. - 10
Verduin, J. 51
*Washburn, J. F. - 32
^Western, A. W. 4l
Whittaker, E. L. 37
Wiersma, G. B. 38
Williams, L. R. -31, 38, 39
51
Zeller, K. F. - 31 , 40, 43
Ziegler, L. H. 15, 41
*U.S.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977 - 784-362/5 Region No.
------- |