United States Center for Environmental Research EP^/600/.9-83/006
Environmental Protection Information Revised March 1986
Agency Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Research and Development
«»EPA Handbook for
Preparing Office of
Research and
Development
Reports
Revised
March 1986
-------
This document supersedes all previous scientific and technical report
preparation specifications that have been issued by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Research and
Development (ORD) or its predecessor organizations. Technical and
scientific reports prepared by or for ORD are expected to conform with
the specifications contained herein if the work is initiated after the
issuance of this document.
These specifications constitute a revision of the "Handbook for
Preparing Office of Research and Development Reports," EPA-600/9-
78-032 dated December, 1978.
These specifications are consistent with the ORD publication policy,
which has been issued by the Assistant Administrator for Research
and Development. This handbook is primarily intended for use by
authors, principal investigators, project officers, and those individuals
who provide staff support in preparing draft and camera-ready copy of
ORD reports.
A companion document outlining procedures to be followed when
publishing ORD work is available to assist ORD personnel in activities
that involve internal processing, review, clearance, printing,
distribution, and storage of ORD reports. Copies of these procedures
are available from the Technical Information Manager assigned to
each Laboratory and ORD Headquarters Office.
-------
EPA/600/9-83/006
Revised March 1986
Handbook for Preparing
Office of Research and
Development Reports
Revised
March 1986
Compiled by
Center for Environmental Research Information
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati OH 45268
-------
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
7
20
21
22
23
30
32
32
33
Table of Contents
Introduction
Purpose
Applicability
Exclusions
Waivers
Extramural Considerations
General Requirements
Sources of Information
Legal Considerations
Copyrighted, Contributed, or Unpublished Material
Privately Owned Information
Trade Names and Manufacturers' Names
Disclaimer Notice
Government Information
Draft Documents
Format Specifications
Overview
General Format Requirements
General Organization of Standard Reports
Project Reports
Project Summaries
Research Reports
Proceedings
Applications Guides
Technology Transfer Reports
Environmental Research Briefs
Internal Reports
iii
-------
Acknowledgment
We wish to acknowledge the considerable help arid constructive
suggestions provided by ORD's Technical Information Managers and
other key ORD personnel who contributed to this document. Although
it was impossible to incorporate all the useful guidance and
suggestions provided, we believe that the final specifications
contained herein will meet the need of all performing organizations
engaged in preparing ORD scientific and technical reports and that
these efforts will result in more uniform and higher quality
publications of which we can all be proud.
iv
-------
Section I
INTRODUCTION
Purpose This document contains the essential specifications set forth by the
Office of Research and Development (ORD) to ensure that the results
and conclusions of its various research, development, and
demonstration programs are documented in a consistent, high quality,
and cost-effective manner. It is specifically intended to assist those
individuals responsible for preparing ORD scientific and technical
documents by providing format specifications and guidelines for the
actual preparation of camera-ready reports.
Applicability These specifications and guidelines apply to final scientific and
technical documents that are prepared as a result of ORD-sponsored
or conducted research. They are to be followed by all EPA research
components: the performing organization, the Project Officer, and all
key personnel involved. These documents include final reports
resulting from in-house, interagency, grant, cooperative agreement,
and contract research activities performed by or for ORD; project
reports and summaries that document the findings of research
activities required to produce a specific research output, or reports
that are specifically tailored to meet the needs of defined user groups.
Examples of special reports include but are not limited to: project
summaries, research reports, conference proceedings, problem-
oriented reports, Environmental Research Briefs, criteria documents,
design manuals for pollution control or decision-making models, test
protocols or any other type of report providing operational or decision-
making guidelines.
Exclusions These specifications and guidelines are not totally applicable for non-
technical reports and studies, catalogs, administrative or fiscal
reports, or manuscripts to be published by other than ORD (e.g.,
journals). Individuals responsible for preparing such reports should
contact the Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI),
Cincinnati, OH, for additional guidance and assistance.
Waivers Any deviation from these specifications must be initiated by or
through the Project Officer. Project Officers should forward any
request for approval of a major deviation through their assigned
Technical Information Manager (TIM) to CERI, Cincinnati, OH.
Extramural Conformance with the specifications cohtained in this document and
Considerations the form of submission must be cited in the final extramural
agreement (interagency, cooperative agreement, grant, or contract).
When the final report is complete and approved, the performing
organization shall submit the reproducible manuscript to the assigned
Project Officer.
1
-------
Sources of
Information
Section II
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
This section provides information that is generally applicable to all
ORD scientific and technical documents. It identifies important
reference documents, applicable legal considerations, and criteria for
units of measure.
The following references are cited as supplemental sources for
necessary and helpful information that can be used to prepare ORD
scientific and technical reports. Other guides from engineering and
scientific societies and journals may be used to the extent that they do
not conflict with EPA or ORD specifications.
EPA Graphic Standards System, 1978. A graphic identity system that
establishes and delineates the graphic standards which EPA will
adhere to in all its visual communications. Copies are available from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402, stock number 055-000-00169-3.
Government Printing and Binding Regulations, Joint Committee on
Printing, Congress of the United States, No. 24, April 1977. This
pamphlet provides background information on Government Printing
Office requirements concerning the use of color printing, self-mailers,
printing requirements resulting from grants or contracts, etc. Copies
are available from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Printing
Management and Distribution Section, Washington, D.C. 20460.
Metric Practice Guide, ASTM E (current ed.). This Guide deals with
conversion of quantities in various measurement systems to the
International System of Unit9 (officially abbreviated SI in all
languages). It is available from the American Society for Testing and
Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.
Style Manual, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. This
manual contains general editorial advice and the Federal
government's recommended style for capitalization, punctuation, use
of numerals, hyphenation, etc. It may be purchased from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402.
Units of Weight and Measure: International (Metric) and U.S.
Customary, L. J. Chisholm, U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Bureau of Standards, NBS Misc. Pub. 286, revised October 1972. This
document provides definitions and conversion factors from various
systems of measurements to the international system. It may be
purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
2
-------
Legal
Considerations
The Government may be subject to liability for misuse of the literary
or intellectual property {patents, trademarks, proprietary information)
of others. Report writers and editors should observe the following
guidelines:
Copyrighted.
Contributed, or
Unpublished
Material
Privately Owned
Information
Trade Names and
Manufacturers'
Names
Disclaimer Notice
Copyrighted material may not be incorporated in a report unless
written permission of the copyright owner has been obtained. Prior
use of copyrighted material in another government publication does
not necessarily constitute permission to use it in an EPA/ORD
publication. When permission has been obtained and the material is
used in a report, it shall be identified by a statement substantially as
follows:
Reprinted from (title of publication, year of first publication) by (name
of author) with permission of (names of copyright owner, if different
from that of author).
The National Technical Information Service (NTIS) requires that all
copyright release letters accompany publications submitted to it for
distribution. When a report containing copyright is sent to CERI for
distribution through NTIS, the original and one copy of all copyright
release letters should be submitted along with it.
Unpublished work may be protected under common law or equity,
even though there is no copyright notice. Refer problems relating to
the protection given to unpublished work to EPA's Office of General
Counsel, Washington, DC 20460.
Courtesy requires that uncopyrighted materials from, or assistance
rendered by, other persons be acknowledged through the use of a
footnote, bibliographic reference, or statement in the text. Credit lines
need not be given for designers, typographers, layout artists, or art
directors. In addition, material purchased by the government need not
be credited.
To avoid restricting the availability of a report, make every effort not to
use information accepted by the government for limited purposes.
Such information will be used only when it is essential to the
understanding of a report and only after approval for its use is
authorized by the Office of General Counsel. Reports containing such
information will bear a statement restricting availability and handling,
as required.
The use of trade and manufacturers' names should be explicitly
brought to the attention of the Project Officer and the cognizant
approving official before the reportjs cleared for publication. Trade
and manufacturers' names should always be capitalized when
referred to in a report.
Final documents which contain any information unique to a company,
laboratory, or individual, including the use of trade names, should
carry a statement in the Notice similar to the following, which
3
-------
disclaims any endorsement or recommendation of a commercial
product by the Agency:
"Mention of trade names or commercial products
does not constitute endorsement or recommen-
dation for, use."
Government Information developed, compiled, or written by a government
Information employee as part of that person's official duties exists in the public
domain and, as such, is not protected by copyright provisions.
Although an EPA employee is permitted to offer a paper, an article, or
a portion of a book produced under the auspices of the government for
publication in the private sector, he or she may not execute an
assignment of copyright to a publisher. Any forms requesting the
assignment of copyright privileges should be returned to the publisher
unsigned with the following statement affixed:
"The assignment cannot be executed, since the
referenced work was authored by a United States
Government employee as part of that person's
official duties, and, in view of Section 105 of
Public Law 94-553, it is not subject to copyright
protection."
Any non-government author developing information under a
government grant, cooperative agreement, or contract may arrange
for copyright of that material without the approval of the Agency.
However, in these instances, the Government is vested with a royalty-
free, non-exclusive, and irrevocable license to publish, translate,
reproduce, and deliver that information and to authorize others to do
so.
Draft Documents As a result of provisions contained in the Freedom of Information Act
and for other programmatic reasons, draft copies of ORD reports are
sometimes distributed outside the Agency. To prevent
misunderstanding, the following notice must appear in the top half of
the first page of the general text of all draft scientific and technical
reports:
Notice
This document is a preliminary draft. It has not
been formally released by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and should
not at this stage be construed to represent
Agency policy. It is being circulated for
comments on its technical merit and policy
implications.
Because of their preliminary nature, EPA documents at the draft stage
are not to be cited as references in reports prepared by or for ORD.
4
-------
Section III
FORMAT SPECIFICATIONS
Overview This section identifies the guidelines to be followed when preparing
either draft or final camera-ready copy of a variety of ORD scientific
and technical reports and information products. It is not intended to
supersede methods for handling abbreviations, units of measure,
references, and other text annotations that are recommended practice
within the many scientific and technical disciplines in the research
community. A common sense, consistent approach will usually
produce a visually acceptable document.
This subsection provides general specifications for print size, image
area, spacing, headings, page numbering, equations, footnotes,
abbreviations, illustrations, tables, fold-outs, dividers, and paper-
saving considerations.
Typing When final camera-ready copy is typed, considerable attention should
be given to the selection of equipment to maintain consistency of type
styles, spacing, point sizes, etc., throughout the publication.
The recommended typeface for typeset material is Univers. Two
alternative type faces. Times Roman and Baskerville, may be
substituted for body copy only.
Type size for tabular material, callouts, illustrations, charts, graphs,
tables, etc., must be no smaller than 6-point or approximately 1/16
inch, and no larger than 10-point, or approximately 1/9 inch when
used for the final camera-reedy copy.
This is an example of 6-point type.
This is an example of 8-poirit type.
This is an example of 10-point type.
General Format
Requirements
Paste-Up RUBBER CEMENT should be used for mounting all copy, tables,
charts, illustrations, photos, etc. DO NOT USE SCOTCH TAPE, GLUE,
OR STAPLES TO MOUNT CAMERA-READY ART OR COPYI Tape, glue,
or staples create a distortion on the camera-ready material that will
show up on the printer's negatives and plates.
Image Area Final camera-ready copy of ORD reports to be printed on 8-1 /2 by 11
inch paper should be prepared within an image area of 6-1 /2 by 8-
3/4 inches (16.51 by 23.18 cm or 39-1 /2 x 52-1 /2 picas). Page
numbers should be centered 3/8 of an inch (2 picas) below the last
line of the image area. Typeset material should adhere to the
specifications in the EPA Graphic Standards System (see "Sources of
5
-------
Color Printing
Spacing and
Headings
Page Numbering
Equations,
Footnotes, and
Abbreviations
Information," p 2). The Typing Guide Sheet (TGS) which specifies these
dimensions may be used for the preparation of the camera-ready copy
of reports to be printed. A supply of these sheets is available upon
request through the Project Officer or CERI, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
The use of color must be approved by the EPA Headquarters Printing
Management Office. The Project Officer will submit the request
through the TIM to the Director of CERI, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
The DRAFT of a final report (prepared for approval of the Project
Officer) shall be typed double space or space-and-a-hatf. After the
draft is approved by the Project Officer, the camera-ready copy of the
FINAL report must be typed single space or space-and-a-half, if the
text contains voluminous quantities of super- and subscript material.
Headings should stand out from the text, and the relative importance
of each heading should be readily apparent.
Front Matter (Preliminary Pages): Except for the title page (which is
counted as page i, but not indicated), number the front matter
consecutively with lower case Roman numerals (ii, iii, iv, etc.).
Body of the Report and Back Matter: Only the first page of the body of
the report (normally the Introduction) begins on a new right-hand
page (page 1); thereafter, each new section begins on the next
available page. The body of the report must be numbered
consecutively with Arabic numerals. Allow no blank pages.
Equations: short, simple and unnumbered equations should be treated
as part of the text. When possible, type simple fractions on one line
using a diagonal line and parentheses to avoid ambiguity, e.g.,
1 /(a + b) not 1 /a + b or Treat equations (and formulas) that
require special symbols, positioning, or brackets as figures, and
display the equation on a line by itself, centered on the width of the
page with spacing (e.g., 1-1/2 lines) above and below.
Instructions concerning mathematical and chemical equations—that
is, the numbering, defining of symbols, breaking (dividing), building
up, enclosing in parentheses, etc.—can be found in the Government
Printing Office Style Manual and in other style manuals such as those
issued by the American Chemical Society (1155 Sixteenth St., NW,
Washington, DC 20036) or the American Society of Civil Engineers
(345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017).
Footnotes: In the text, footnotes should be kept to a minimum. All brief
and relevant explanatory comments should be incorporated in the
copy.
Abbreviations: Acceptable modes for general abbreviations are found
in standard dictionaries and in the Government Printing Office Style
Manual. Technical abbreviations may be found in the appropriate
reference documents for the particular subject area involved.
6
-------
Metric Units of
Measure
Fold-outs and
Divider Pages
Errata and Addenda
Paper Saving
Computerized
Report
Production
General
Organization of
Standard
Reports
Title Page
The modernized metric system utilizing the International System of
Units (Syst&me International d'Unit£s, SI) shall be used unless
otherwise justified by the Project Officer. Equivalent units may be
expressed parenthetically, if desired. If other than metric measures
are used, the reason for such use should be footnoted at the first
nonmetric measure, and reference should be made to a conversion
table included in the report.
Do not use divider pages—those that merely serve to separate the
report into parts. The use of fold-outs is also not acceptable. The
paper, printing, binding efforts, and costs normally incurred when
using fold-outs can usually be saved with preliminary planning:
reduce wide tables, have tables fall on successive pages, separate
maps into several parts, etc.
All changes to reports already printed and listed with the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS) must bear the same EPA number
and issuance date which appear on the original printed report. For
additional information and procedures for processing and distributing
modifications to existing reports, contact CERI, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
Because of the rising cost and scarcity of paper and increased
shipping and mailing costs, reproduction costs, etc., each individual
responsible for preparing ORD reports is strongly encouraged to
consider appropriate techniques for saving paper. Suggestions for this
purpose include: reducing and cropping tables, figures, and
photographs to their smallest usable size; combining tables and
figures with text on one page; and where practical, placing lists of
items in double columns.
In general, a computer with MS-DOS (Micro Soft Disk Operating
System) or PCDOS (Personal Computer Disk Operating System)
version 2.0 or higher must be used, and the file must be in ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange). If a disk is to
be provided, it must be a 5-1/4 inch (DS/DD) Double-Sided Double-
Density disk. If electronic transfer is arranged, a modem capable of
transmitting at 1200 BAUD and using Crosstalk XVI or compatible
software must be used. Whether disks or electronic transmission is
elected, a paper copy of the data on the disk must either accompany or
precede the electronic material, and the original of all charts, tables
and pictures or computer printouts must be received. The draft should
be typed using continuous typing with no carriage returns at the end
of the line (except at the end of a paragraph, for tabular material, and
for headings). If you have any questions or wish to arrange for
electronic transmission of data, call the EPA project officer and he or
she will provide the appropriate contacts.
In the following subsection, the major elements of most full reports
documenting a research project and prepared by or for ORD are
described.
The title page should contain the following: title (10 words or less),
author(s), organizational name and location, project officer (or
technical project manager, where appropriate), and laboratory/office
name and address. When a public or private organization originates a
report in cooperation with EPA, the information should be noted
below the project officer's name and address, along with the contract
or grant number. Also, when an in-house study was performed for
7
-------
Supplied by CERI
The title should be limited to 10 words or
less.
For grant, contract, or interagency
agreement, list authors (without)
degrees or titles) as they appear on
EPA Form 2220-1, Block 7, together
with their organizational name and
location.
For in-house reports, list authors
(without degrees or titles), their first
organizational subdivision (e.g.,
division,), and the laboratory/office
name and address.
For grants or contracts, add
appropriate extramural number.
For grant, contract, or interagency
agreement, give Project Officer(s)
(without degrees, or titles), the first
organizational subdivision (e.g.,
division), and the laboratory/office
name and address. —
When a public or private organization
originates the report in cooperation
with EPA, reflect that information
several places below the Project
Officer's name and address:
This study was conducted
in cooperation with
U.S. Department of Agriculture
When an in-house study was
performed for another governmental
agency, add:
Prepared for
Department of Defense
Washington, DC 20305
Publisher's full name always appears
on title page. Place city, state, and zip
code on "last line of text" line.
EPA Report Number
Month and Year of Publication
AM. CAPS CENTERED
WORDS OR LESS
e, if Applicable
Author(s)
Orpanizational Name
Cil'v, State, and Zip Code
Form 2360
Project Officer
Name
first Orpanizational Subdivision
Laboratory Name
City, State, and Zip Code
LABORATORY/OFFICE NAME
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CITY, STATE, AND ZIP CODE
BOTTOM OF
IMAOC ARIA;
OUTSIDE
tOIMCNBION
FOR TABLES
PAGE NUMBER
T MINTING OFFICE 1M> #» «»
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 1. Title Page.
8
-------
another government agency, that information should be given in the
same location. The publisher's full name and address appears at the
bottom of the page.
Notice of EPA Order 2200.4A (August 7, 1984) establishes an Agency peer and
Application of administrative review process for scientific, informational, and
EPA Order 2200.4A educational documents attributable to EPA. The intent of the order is
to ensure the high quality, completeness and accuracy of documents
published by the Agency.
Disclaimer and The Joint Committee on Printing of the United States Congress
Peer Review requires that Federal Agencies have initial publication rights. Only
Notices after peer and administrative review can EPA decide whether to
publish a report or waive its initial publication rights.
In order to comply with the implementation of the Agency's peer and
administrative review requirements, the recipient of a grant or
contract:
(1) must submit three copies of the documents to the Project Officer
for EPA's review. EPA will evaluate the documents and will
provide the recipient with written suggested changes, if any;
and
(2) should make every effort to accommodate suggestions arising
from the EPA review process while preparing a revised draft.
The recipient should also alert EPA reviewers to changes
initiated in the revised draft.
If agreement is reached that the revised draft is appropriate for
release as an EPA publication, the following statement must be used:
"The information in this document has been
funded wholly or in part by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency under (contract
or assistance agreement and number) to (name).
It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and
administrative review, and it has been approved
for publication as an EPA document."
(Add disclaimer statement for documents
containing trade names, references to
commercial products, or proprietary information.)
If agreement cannot be reached that the revised draft is appropriate
for release as an EPA publication, a recipient may independently
publish and distribute the document at his own expense provided that
he:
(1) requests approval through EPA from the Joint Committee on
Printing to publish independently; and
(2) includes the following statement in the document:
"Although the information in this document has
been funded wholly or in part by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency under
(contract or assistance agreement number) to
(name), it does not necessarily reflect the views
of the Agency and no official endorsement
should be inferred."
9
-------
Disclaimer and Peer review notices should appear on p. ii of a full
report.
EPA also encourages independent publication of research results in
refereed journals at any time. A copy of the article must be submitted
to the Project Officer when it is sent for publication. Following
publication, three reprints of the article should be submitted to the
Project Officer. The article must include the following statement:
"Although the research described in this article
has been funded wholly or in part by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency through
(contract or assistance agreement and number)
to (name), it has not been subjected to Agency
review and therefore does not necessarily reflect
the views of the Agency and no official
endorsement should be inferred."
Foreword or A report may include a foreword or a preface. Here, such information
Preface as the reasons for undertaking the work, the research method, if it
(Optional) might bear on the reader's understanding of the text, or the
limitations within which the subject was studied may be described.
Abstract The indicative (descriptive) abstract is limited to between 200 and 250
words; it tells the reader what the report is about—narrative facts
about what will be read in the actual report.
As such it is the only type of abstract to be used to introduce a project
summary (see Project Summaries, p. 21). An informative abstract gives
details, in the most concise manner, of what was reported and
presents conclusions and results.
The EPA Form 2220-1 limits the abstract to 200 words and thus
generally permits the use of the indicative abstract. The abstract, as it
appears in the front matter of a complete report, may contain up to
450 words, which permits the use of an informative abstract.
In the "work-done under" statement, which is always placed as the
last paragraph of the abstract in extramural reports, the relationship
of the prime and the subgrantee or subcontractor can be described in
addition to the necessary information contained in the following
statement: "This report was submitted in fulfillment of (grant or
contract number) by (contractor or grantee) under the (partial)
sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report
covers a period from (date) to (date), and work was completed as of
(date)."
On in-house project reports, the following statement is always the last
paragraph of the abstract: "This report covers a period from (date) to
(date) and work was completed as of (date)."
10
-------
BEQIN
FIRST
LINE OF)
TEXT
HERE
DROPPED
HEAD:
•EOIN 1
SECTIONS
HERE
•COIN
UtT LIME)
Of TEXT
Foreword m
Abstract
Figures
vii
viii
Tables
Abbreviations and Symbols.
Acknowledgment
1. Introduction
2. Conclusions .
3. Recommendations ..........
4. Materials and Methods
Test strains . .....
Stock solutions
5. Experimental Procedures ~
General procedures
Laboratory application 20
Field application. . 25
6. Results and Discussion.
References
Bibliography
Appendices
. 1
. 2
. 3
. 4
. 5
.10
.15
A. Operational data summary. .
B. Cooperative research report
Glossary
.37
.47
L 1m. - L
TOP Of
IMAGE
AREA
BOTTOM Of
IMAGE AREA;
OUTIIDC
DIMENSION
PORTABLES
¦PA torn 3MO-4|4-t0l
IMUVWUttV cm PMM
PAGE NUMBER
U I UOVflllNMINT MMNTINO OfFICl
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 2. Content*.
Contents
The contents page should begin on a new right-hand, odd-numbered
page, usually "v". Although preliminary pages (front matter) are not
part of the subject matter, they are part of the document and are
included in the contents.
The contents include the main headings of the document and the
pages on which they appear; dotted leaders may be used to aid
readability. Meaningful subheads (indented and subordinated) may be
included, if necessary. Avoid double spacing between major sections
when it would cause contents to have a short overrun on the
following page.
11
-------
BEGIN
FIRST
LINE OF 1
TEXT
HERE
TOP OF
I IMAGE
AREA
DROPPED
HEAD:
BEGIN ]
SECTIONS
HERE
umber Page
1 Schematic of sewage treatment operations sludge
characteristics .... 9
2 Schematic of existing sewage treatment plants modified
to provide secondary and/or tertiary treatment. . . .
10
3 Questionnaire used in mall survey 55
64
4 Distribution of sewage treatment plants using land-
spreading on a routine basis
I
8 Sample collection points for multi-stage activated sludge
system 74
9 Effects of time and temperature on bacterial survival
during sample storage
BEGIN
LAST UNCI
OF TfJCT
j jj'"'
EPA form 23M-4 [4-«0;
(MtVlOUtl v CIM »0»M ji
vi
PAGE NUMBER
BOTTOM Of
IMAGE AREA;
OUTSIDE
> DIMENSION
FOR TASIES
U n ftQVfMNMtNl MMIlNQ OFFICf !»•' MO OM
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 3. Lists.
Lists A list of illustrations (figures, maps, charts, plates) and a list of tables
need to be included only if considered helpful or essential. For each
illustration or table, give the figure or table number, the figure legend
or the table heading as it appears in the report (in shortened form, if
lengthy), and the page number. Avoid double spacing when it would
cause a list to have a short overrun on the following page.
If lists of illustrations and tables are short, combine on one page or
combine with contents page.
When is a list of abbreviations and symbols necessary? For each
report, define the possible readership, the number of abbreviations
12
-------
and symbols used, and the uniqueness of or difficulty in defining or
understanding these terms; if assembling and defining them will aid
the reader, do so. Abbreviations of symbols for the less common or
specialized terms should also be given in parentheses following their
first use in the text. Thereafter, the abbreviation or symbol may be
used. Consider using two columns when the list exceeds one
page.
BEGIN
FIRST
LINE OF 1
TEXT
HERE
DROPPED
HEAD
BEGIN :
SECTIONS
Hf.HE
TOP OF
L IMAQE
ARIA
ABBREVIATIONS
DTPA
EC
Jtu
kg /ha
meq
mmhos/cm
t/ha
R2
ss
TS
VS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
— diethylenetriamine petitaacetic acid
— electrical conductivity
— Jackson turbidity units
— kilogram per hectare
— milliequivalent
— millimhos per centimeter
— metric tonne per hectare
— correlation coefficient
— coefficient of multiple regression squared
— suspended solids
— total aolida
— volatile solids
— carbon
— calcium
— methane gas
— viscosity
— ytterbium oxide
BEGIN
LAST LINE]
OF TEXT
Area: also constant used in one-
dimensional flow solution
Channel width
Constant used in one-dimensional
flow solution
Depth of scumboard below weir
Overflow height (Fig. 5)
Particle concentration
h Channel minimum depth
fill) Channel depth as a function of
radius
k von Karman constant
L Weir length
n Manning coefficient
P Pressure
q Lateral discharge
T
BOTTOM Of
IMAQB ARIA;
OUTBiOC
teOIMCNSION
FOA TABUS
EPA F»rm 23B0 4 (« •£>•
iPHI VI0U81V CIN Cf>A FORM h
Li t. QOVfHNMINT MINTINO OWCI
TYPING QUIDE SHEET
Figure 4. List of abbreviations and symbols.
Acknowledgments Limit acknowledgments to peer reviewers and organizations that
aided in a major way.
13
-------
TOP Of
~ IMAQg
A,HE A
1st order head
2nd order head
3rd order head
4th order head
5th order head
SECTIONS
SECTION 5
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
-4—:
• GENERAL PROCEDURES
The effect of variables that Influence disinfection was assessed by
developing standardized procedures to characterize samples, analyze disin-
fectants, and measure the degree of disinfection {3-4).
Simulated Combined Sever Overflows
A simulated combined sewer overflow (SCSO) sample was made each week; ,
equal parts of the influent to the Onodaga Metropolitan Sewage Treatment
Plant were mixed with distilled water. When the composition of an average
of three SCSO samples was compared with that from randomly selected 6-month
characterizations of three combined sewer overflows (CSO), no significant
variations were observed (Table 4).
^••Method of Analysis—
The membrane filter (MF) techniques of Marius and Delaney (5) offer a
rapid means to detect indicator bacteria.
Blending of samples-—Samples containing both high (>1,000,000) and low
(dOO) counts/ml, as measured by the MF procedure, were blended for varying
lengths of time to obtain an optimum blending time. Layne (6) developed a
least squares linear regression analysis to illustrate the relationship
between amount and time:
A - 6 + 31 logj,
where A - amount, kg/cu m (lb-mass/cu ft)
I * tiae, tu Tti/»ec (cu in./min>
(2)
| ^3/r
|M fern 2MO-4{4-*01
0WtV)OU«lVCW FMH »•?»
1
PAGE NUMBER
BOTTOM Of
IMA06 AN£A;
OUTSIDE
tOIMENtlON
w FOR TAtUE*
| ANDIUUf-
TflATlON*
U l OOV8HNMIW1 WtVW'HO '»«* s*°
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
double space
- triple space
double space
double space
double space
double space
double space
Figures. Page of text.
Introduction The introduction, ss Section 1, sets the stage for the conclusions and
recommendations and for the text proper. With this orientation, the
reader learns what he shpuld know before he reads the other sections
of the report. In one (or two) pages, the problem is stated and the
present work is relsted to earlier work.
A formal introduction, as such, may not be needed in all reports; in
simple, short reports, this information could be combined with
conclusions or conclusions and recommendations.
14
-------
Conclusions After all the measurements are made—the surveys conducted—the
experiments performed—and the significance of these results
analyzed and interpreted—what problems did this research solve?
These are the conclusions. If the problem was not solved or major
mistakes or hazards occurred, they can be included here.
Usually, the conclusions can be stated on one page; when both
conclusions and recommendations are short and straightforward,
combine them.
Recommendations When the research has been completed and the conclusions have
been drawn, is further study or additional information needed to solve
the problem? Is a pilot-scale feasibility study needed to reinforce the
laboratory findings? Can the conclusions be applied now? Such
suggestions for future investigations or activity can be included in a
recommendations section. These need occupy but one page, or they
can be combined into a conclusions and recommendations section.
iOG V OOMX '3 47
• 0 77
^ iMAul
*¦»*
«mWOmm mg/L
rlgur« I. loul sollforn dantlty wrtu* «fewrb«d mom MnCMtradon for
Ml tared t«con4*ry «ff)uant.
, »
I". T_
f
¦- j.—r Ti—-
!H
fflMf
C
ii
i
f!
TYPING OUIOE SHEET
TVPINQ QUIDS IHIET
Figure 6. Illustrations.
Illustrations Illustrations should be treated consistently throughout the document
and used only if they: relate entirely to the transaction of public
business and are in the public interest; relate directly to the subject
matter and are necessary to explain the text; do not aggrandize any
individual; are in good taste; or illustrate employees engaged in work-
or service-related duties.
15
-------
When preparing illustrations for ORD reports, make sure that line-
weights, tone values or any shading used is consistent throughout the
report.
Take care in preparing line-illustrations, making sure that only BLACK
ink is used! Any lines to be used for illustrations, tables, charts, and
graphs should be ruled with ink, preferably with technical drafting
pens.
The use of weak office copies, blueprints, and diazo prints is NOT
ACCEPTABLE for camera-ready art or copy. These DO NOT reproduce
well when photographed for printing.
Oversized illustrations should be reduced to fit within the image of
6-1 /2 x 8-3/4 inches (including the figure number and caption).
When charts and graphs are used in a report and a visible grid is
desired, MAKE SURE that the grid background is RED! BLUE and
GREEN grids do not photograph well.
Place illustrations closely following their first reference in the text;
combine with text when possible. When a report contains only a few
pages of text and many illustrations, however, place the illustrations
in numerical sequence after the text.
When necessary, place illustrations broadwise and center within the
image area on a page so that the head of the illustration is to the
reader's left, and the bottom of the illustration is to the reader's right,
i.e., will be readable when the page is turned clockwise 90° for
norrnal viewing.
In preparing illustrations, care must be exercised to ensure that
details and lettering within the illustration are 6 points (about 1/12
inch) or larger and clearly legible after final reproduction. Photographs
should be cropped or masked to eliminate insignificant details.
Unnecessary border frames should be eliminated.
As far as practical, place lettering (callout; label) on an illustration
horizontally, unboxed, and near the item identified. There should be
high contrast and easy readability. Use a UNIVERS typeface for all
illustrations.
Number illustrations within the text with consecutive Arabic numerals
preceded by the word "Figure" (Figure 1, Figure 2). Within
appendices, include appendix letter (Figure A-1, Figure B-9).
Each illustration must have a descriptive caption. Center the caption
beneath the illustration following the figure number. The caption is
usually styled as a sentence; capitalize the first letter of the first word
and any proper nouns or chemical or mathematical symbols, and close
with a period.
If photographs are required, submit GLOSSY black and white photo
prints. Satin finish photo prints are NOT ACCEPTABLE! The finish on
these conflicts with the screens used by the printer when preparing
the finished plates and causes shadowing and variations in the
texture.
16
-------
BEGIN
FIRST
LINE Of J
TEXT
HtHF
DROPPED
HEAD
BEGIN !
SECTIONS
HCRE
TOP Of
^ IMAGE
AREA
After analyzing a number of quench water samples in duplicate (three
final DO determinations were performed to ensure reasonable duplicate re-
sults), the precision of the observations was evaluated by calculating
(with the Olivetti Prograrama 101) the pooled standard deviation of all
observations except those obtained on samples collected from dump truck
drainage (Table 7).
TABLE 7. PRECISION OF THE DO ANALYSIS
Type of No. of
sample determinations*
Pooled standard
devlat ion
(8)1
Conf idence
Interval
•(1.96/(2) (s)
Standards (normality)
44
0.13
<0.36*
Dilution water (Blank)
32
0.19
'0.511
Quench water
76
n./,9
Both dilution and
quench water
108
0.43
• 1.191
* Includes initial and final determinations.
•V A pooled standard deviation was computed for all determinations. It was
assumed that there was no statistically significant difference between
initial and final variances, that Is, homogeneity of the variances was
assumed.
} The absolute value of the difference between duplicate readings should
not exceed 1.96/2(s), or 0.3f> ppm, more than 5 percent of the time. The
covarlance between the duplicate readings was Ignored.
Figure 7. Tables.
Tables Organize tables as simply as possible for easy reading. Make sure that
the format of the tables is consistent throughout the publication. Use
a UNIVERS typeface for all typeset tables. Computer printout sheets
for electrically tabulated data must show clear, black/white contrast
and must not contain any gray or broken type or horizontal print bars.
The use of a new ribbon is strongly recommended for the preparation
of all camera-ready computer printouts.
Number tables within the text with consecutive Arabic numerals,
preceded by the word "TABLE" (TABLE 1, TABLE 2). Within
appendices, include the appendix letter (TABLE A-1, TABLE C-3).
Center a descriptive caption above each table after the table number.
Type the caption in all caps, without a closing period.
When necessary, place a table broadwise and center within the image
area on a page so that the head of the table is to the reader's left, and
the bottom of the page is to the reader's right, i.e., will be readable
when the page is turned clockwise 90° for normal viewing.
Use symbols for table footnotes (e.g., *, t, as available); double their
use, if needed. Assign the symbols consecutively, in normal reading
order (left to right across the table and from top to bottom).
Superscript lower-case letters, preferably italicized, may be
substituted for symbols if their use will not confuse the reader.
When a long table is continued on two or more pages, note this
continuation at the bottom of all but the last page, e.g., (continued).
Repeat the table number and "continued," but not the table caption,
on all the following pages, e.g., TABLE 4 (continued). Repeat the
column headings, with rules, on each page.
17
-------
The Government Printing Office Style Manual may be helpful for
preparing tables. When a report contains only a few pages of text and
many tables, place tables in numerical sequence following the text.
Bulletin ¦
Government report ¦
Proceedings of
meeting
Journal.
Collection or book
by several authors ¦
Thesis ¦
Book —
Corporate author ¦
BEGIN
ftHST
LINE Of 3
TEXT
HERE
DROPPED
HEAD
BEQIN
SECTIONS
HER!
V6GIN
LAST UNE ]
Of TEXT
REFERENCES
1. Smith, S. M., and J. R. Miner. Stream Pollution from Feedlot Runoff.
Bull. No. 2-1. Kansas State Department of Health, Environmental Health
Services, Topeka, Kansas, 1964. 22 pp.
2. Moffa, P. E., and J. E. Smith. Bench-Scale High-Rate Disinfection of
Combined Sewer Overflow#; With Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide.
EPA-670/2-75-021', U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio,
1975, 22 pp.
3. Low, W. C. Pollutional Implications of Canning Wastes. In: Proceedings
of the Fourth International Agricultural Waste Symposium, Am. Soc. Agri.
Waste Specialists, Normsn, Oklahoma, 1976. pp. 77-81.
4. Weise, E. Proposals fotf the Future Development of the Berlin Sewage
Management Program. Sewage Works J., 7(11):129-130, 1935.
5. Marius, G. G., and J. Delaney. Practical Application of Concentric Dis-
posal Schemes. In: Municipal Sewage, E. R. Cole and T. P. Bayless, eds.
Thaumaturgist Press, New Hebredies, Ohio, 1979. pp. 102-204.
6. Layne, F. M. The Relationship Between Frog Survival and Temperature.
Ph.D. Thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 1976. 41 pp.
7. Dietrich, D. F., D. Cowles, S. M. Wilson, and A. Tate. Modern Waste
Practices. Inhouse Press, Ltd., North Newport, Kentucky, 1981. 418 pp.
8. The Janus Dihedral Corp. Operation and Maintenance of a Dryasdust.
No. 75-53. Pari Passu, Utah, 1926. 21 pp.
L lr_
TOP OF
IMAGE
ARIA
BOTTOM Of
IMAOC ARIA;
OUTSIDE
QIMIMSION
FOR TABUS
§M 23*0-4 |4-i0|
(Mcviouaiv cm cm kmm
PAGE NUMBER
•U f OOVCRNMfNT MHNTINQ Of*K* Hil'MMM
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 8. References.
References References concern source material cited in the document. Present
this information in an accurate, uniform manner; use a style
consistent with that of any reputable scientific or technical journal or
society. Take care to include all essential elements of a reference:
author(s), title, source, identifying number, pages, and date.
References may be cited using either the "number" system (using
superscript numerals for citations in the text) or the "author-year"
system.
18
-------
Personal communications are not legitimate references, since they
cannot be verified in a secondary, published source of information;
include them, if necessary, in parentheses, within the text (e.g., C. D.
Doe, State University, personal communication, 1963.). In citing
personal communications, the author should obtain permission from
the person to be quoted.
BEGIN
f«*ST
LINE OF]
TEXT
HERE
DROPPED
HEAO
SECTIONS
¦COIN
urr uni i
OF TEXT
: BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dutt, G. R., M. L. Shaffer, and W. J. Moore. 1972, Computer Simulation
Model of Dynamic Bio-physiochemical Processes in Saila. Ariz. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 1965. 101 pp.
Gupta, S. C. 1972. Salt Flow in Soils as Influenced by Water Flow, Root
Extraction and Exchange. Ph.D. Dissertation. Utah State University,
Logan, Utah. 112 pp.
King, L. G.t and R. J. Hanks. 1973. Irrigation Management for Control of
Quality and Irrigation Return Flow. EPA-R2-73-265, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. U1 pp.
Hitnah, M. N., and J. Hanks. 1973a. Model for Estimating Soil, Mater and
Atmospheric Interrelations: I. Description and Sensitivity. Soil Sci.
Soc. Araer. Proc. 37:528-532.
Nlraah, M. N., and R, J. Hanks. 1971b. Model for Estimating Soil, Water and
Atmospheric Interrelations: II. Field Test of the Model. Soil Scl.
Soc. Araer. Proc. 37:533-621.
L ir_
BOTTOM OF
IMAGE AREA:
OUTSIDE
0IMCN6I0N
FOR TABIC*
CPA Foim 23W 4 H-SOi
iMIVtOUUY CIN
PA<3i NUMBER
% UtfvMINMIrXT
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 9. Bibliography.
Bibliography Bibliographic entries provide supplementary sources for information
on the subject of the document. Present this literature, which has not
been cited in the text, in an accurate, uniform manner. There are
many modes of presenting reference and bibliographic data.
19
-------
List bibliographic entries alphabetically by senior author; take care to
include all the essential elements of a reference: author(s), title,
source, identifying numbers, pages, date. Be sure to use a style
consistent with that of any reputable scientific or technical journal or
society. Within any one report, have the punctuation, capitalization,
abbreviation, etc., of the bibliography agree with that used for the
reference section.
Appendices Appendices contain supplementary illustrative material, original data,
and quoted matter too lengthy for incorporation in the body of the
report or generally relevant but not immediately essential to an
understanding of the subject.
The Appendices (or, if there is only one, Appendix) must not be
separated from the preceding material by either a titled cover sheet or
a divider page. The title and subtitle (if applicable) are to be treated as
dropped section heads.
The Appendices may be divided into Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.,
depending on the kinds and amounts of material used. These divisions
should not be arbitrary. There must be a close relationship among
materials compiled within any given appendix.
List all Appendices in "Contents" and number all pages consecutively
from the body of the report. The page number should not show the
alphabetical appendix designation.
Glossary The glossary should be considered as a partial dictionary where
technical or abstruse terms that might not be readily known can be
listed and explained. Its need might well depend on the intended
audience for the report.
Index Instructions on indexing can be found in the CBE Style Manual,
Council of Biology Editors, Committee on Form and Style, (available
from American Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016) or in A Manual of Style,
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Project Reports Project Reports provide the means by which most EPA research is
documented and made available to the research community. Project
Reports are required when (1) neither a journal article nor an EPA
Research Report is produced, or (2) the journal article or EPA
Research Report published is incomplete in terms of fully
documenting the project or would require additional background data
to survive rigorous scientific challenge.
Project Reports should follow the general format and organizational
requirements discussed on pages 5 through 19.
However, since the major distributor of project reports is NTIS, their
guidelines are used to establish minimum requirements for camera-
copy quality. Camera copy of project reports submitted to ORD for
20
-------
distribution through NTIS only must therefore conform to the
following minimum provisions:
• The camera copy must be an original, not an office copy.
• It must be typed on 8-1 /2 x 11 inch white paper rather than the
TGS.
• All ink must be black.
• All computer printouts must be highly legible originals.
• All pages must be numbered and accounted for.
• All pages of copy must be set to size (NTIS makes no reductions).
• All photos are to be stripped in place and affixed to the camera
copy.
• An approximate 7-1/2 x 9 inch outer margin should be used for
all copy.
Project Summaries The Project Summary is a condensed version of the Project Report and
serves to announce to the scientific and technical community the
availability of the Project Report from NTIS. It is similar to a short
journal article and contains enough information for the reader to
determine if he or she is sufficiently interested in the project to
purchase the complete report from NTIS. Therefore, the Summary
should present a concise synopsis of the key findings of the research
project. Although ORD requires that a Project Summary be prepared
for every Project Report, one Summary may be written for several
closely related Project Reports which are produced concurrently. This
option is at the discretion of the Project Officer. The approved draft of
the Project Summary will be typeset, printed, and distributed to
appropriate audiences by EPA.
CERI will handle production of all Project Summaries. The final draft
of the Summary must be sent to CERI along with the Project Report.
The summary should consist of double-space typed, error-free final
draft of no more than 21 pages in length, highlighting principal
findings and conclusions and including only the tables and
illustrations which serve to summarize significant results. In order of
appearance, it should be composed of the following:
• Title, identical to the title of the Project Report it summarizes. In
the case of one Project Summary describing several closely
related Project Reports, the title should be as closely linked as
possible to the Project Report titles.
• Abstract—200-250 words (usually a duplicate of that required for
the Technical Report Data sheet, EPA Form 2220-1)
• Introduction
• Procedure
• Results and Discussion—methodology, evidence, and analysis
• Conclusions and recommendations
The limited use of figures and tables is recommended. Figures
(schematics and/or photographs) must be clean and reproducible
prints, not to exceed 6x8-1/2 inch size. Photographs must be glossy
black and white. Figures and photographs must be numbered to
21
-------
correspond with the text and must be captioned. If orientation is
questionable, indicate top of photograph on back side with soft-tip
marker. Tables should be organized for maximum clarity and ease of
interpretation. Each table must have a caption and must be referenced
in the text.
The use of references is discouraged. The complete list of references
is included in the Project Report, but only those that are considered
essential to the presentation should be included in the Project
Summary.
Research Reports The Research Report is a book-length presentation of the best of
EPA/ORD's research findings. These reports are normally the most
authoritative results of a research project on a critical area of interest
in which the Agency is involved. Due to the definitive nature of
information presented in a research report, these products are
expected to have a relatively long shelf life and, as such, their entire
presentaton is keyed to reflect their permanence and credibility.
Presentation The Research Report, therefore, is formatted to the extent possible in
classic textbook style—clean and understated. It is typeset in either of
two page sizes, an approximate 6x9 inch page size with a single
column format using Times Roman or Univers type; or an 8-1/2 x 11
inch page size with a two column format, using Univers type. Refer to
pages 5 through 19 of this Handbook for general format and camera-
copy requirements. CERI should be contacted for advice and samples
on the preparation of research reports.
Content A Research Report will fit into one of two broad categories:
investigative or expository. In a standard investigative report, results
and conclusions, the evidence to support them, and the evaluation of
that evidence are the most important inclusions. The background of
the project and the methodology used should buttress the results and
recommendations. The body of an investigative report should be
structured as follows:
1. Introduction
2. Conclusions
3. Recommendations
4. Methodology
5. Evidence and analysis
The introduction should focus on the hypothesis or problem which
the report "solves." Conclusions and recommendations should be
placed before other matter in the body of an investigative report,
because this allows the reader ready access to the full scope of the
project. Methodology, evidence, and analysis may be interwoven or
discussed separately, as logic dictates.
An expository report sheds additional light on a topic or an area of
high interest about which information is lacking. It is more "literary"
or discursive in nature than an investigative report, in the sense that
its structure is not bound by the scientific method. Its organization is
therefore looser than that of the investigative report; however, where
possible, it should contain the same format elements as the
investigative report.
22
-------
The text of a Research Report will be heavily weighted in favor of
explanatory copy and will not contain large volumes of back-up and
unedited data, repeatedly used illustrations of government or other
organizational forms, or verbatim reprints from or transcripts of other
printed information sources (e.g., the Federal Register). These
inclusions would detract from the classic format of the book, run up
the cost excessively, and are more appropriately referenced as
secondary sources than printed. All background materials should be
footnoted or referenced where appropriate to enable the reader to
locate them in the library, through NTIS, or through the appropriate
information data base.
The following kinds of material must be documented or referenced as
background:
1. The source of a significant and original statement.
2. The source of information not sufficiently familiar so that most
readers would know it or be able to find it readily.
3. The sources of controversial matter and opposing views.
4. Details, data, or statistics that would interrupt the text.
The effective use of appropriate referencing and footnoting techniques
is absolutely necessary as a means of increasing the credibility of the
document and enhancing the objectivity of the presentation. Careful
documentation suggests that a research project has been thoroughly
investigated. Referencing systems do, of course, vary from scientific
discipline to scientific discipline, but each annotation must be
complete and the chosen referencing system must be used
consistently.
Front Matter The front matter of a Research Report will include a disclaimer
"Notice"* required by the Peer Review System, and a table of
contents. An acknowledgement page and a foreword or preface are
recommended but optional. The title page will show the publication
date and EPA/600 number, the title, the primary author(s) or editor(s)
and their affiliation, the EPA project officer, and the originating
laboratory or office within EPA/ORD.
*The "Notice" should read: Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Proceedings A Proceedings publication is usually a report derived from prepared
paper presentations as well as from the questions, answers, and
genecal discussion at conference sessions.
Camera copy for each manuscript should be prepared in a uniform
style and format by each speaker.
All preliminary pages, text, any figures and tables, footnotes,
references and bibliographies will conform to specifications stipulated
on pages 5 through 19.
If the manuscript is to be printed rather than distributed through NTIS
only, it should be typed on the TGS available from the EPA Project
Officer, from the TIM, or from CERI. Type up to, but not beyond, the
light-blue guidelines of the TGS image area. Each paper will follow
the typing specifications detailed in Figure 10 (a through f).
23
-------
BEGIN
FIRST
LINE OF)
TEXT
HEBE
DROPPED
HEAD'.
BEGIN 1
SECTIONS
HERE
CENTER
PAGE
BEGIN
LAST LINE]
OF TEXT
GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING MANUSCRIPTS FOR EPA PROCEEDINGS
by: Author (s)
Affiliation
City, State Zip Code
I
m _ ABSTRACT
These instructions are typed in the format that you will use in pre-
paring your paper. It is essential that you submit your paper on the blue
lined Typing Guide Sheets provided by the Conference Coordinator. Please
adhere to the guidance provided on headings, spacing, footnoting, refer-
encing, and on figures and tables. If you have questions on any of these
specifications, contact the Conference Coordinator.
This paper should include, in the following order, the title,
author (s) credits, and abstract on the first page, followed by text and
references on remaining pages. In addition, one of the following notices
must be incorporated to reflect EPA's sponsorship of the project and
endorsement of the contents.
(1) If the paper has resulted from an EPA-funded project, the fol-
lowing statement must appear as the last paragraph of the abstract;
This paper has been reviewed in accordance with
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer
and administrative review policies and approved
for presentation and publication.
(2) If the paper is not the result of EPA-funded work, the following
statement must appear as the last paragraph of the text:
The work described in this paper was not funded
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and
therefore the contents do not necessarily reflect
the views of the Agency and no official endorsement
should be inferred.
i
_ t-_ L
EPA Form 2360 * (4-tOI
(NieviousiY cm e** foam 2§7i
TOP OF
IMAGE
AREA
PAGE NUMBER
BOTTOM OF
IMAGE AREA;
OUTSIDE
DIMENSION
F PORTABLES
J AND ILLUS-
TRATIONS
•u s aovcRNMgwr pawrnwo owes
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 10a.
24
-------
BEGIN
FIRST
LINE OF)
TEXT
HERE
DROPPED
HEAD:
BEGIN :
SECTIONS
HEBE
CENTER
PAGE
TOP OF
¦EOIN
LAST LINE1
or TEXT
TYPING INSTRUCTIONS
IMAGE AREA
On the blue lined Typing Guide Sheets provided, type up to, but not
;beyond, the image area shown. Type the title of the paper on the "Dropped
Head" line, and begin all subsequent pages at the top of the image area.
The title is to appear only once; it is not to be repeated on subsequent
pages. The title is all caps, centered, and underlined. The heading,
"ABSTRACT," all caps and centered, is two Inches below the title.
SPACING, ERASURES AND TYPE FACE
The manuscript will be typed single-space, except that additional
space will be left before and after headings and between paragraphs.
Indent the first line of each new paragraph five spaces. If possible, use
a 12-pitch prestige elite type face for uniformity of appearance of the
final Proceedings. At the least, use an elite type face, and avoid the use
of script or other nonstandard type faces.
Provide a clean original of the manuscript, devoid of erasure marks
and smudges. In case of errors, new lines or paragraphs may be carefully
pasted over old areas. Use a new, black carbon typewriter ribbon; blue is
not reproducible.
HEADINGS
Headings will be typed according to the layout of these instructions.
First order headings will be all caps and centered. If a first order
heading is too long to fit on one line, center all lines of the heading.
Double space above and triple below each first order heading.
Second order headings will be all caps, flush left, not underlined.
If a second order heading is too long to fit on one line, indent second and
third lines of the heading two spaces. Double space above and below each
second order heading.
Third order headings will be typed with initial caps, flush left; and
underlined. If a third order heading is too long to fit on one line,
indent second and third lines of the heading two spaces. Double space
above and below each third order heading.
Fourth and fifth order headings should be avoided, but, if essential,
they should be typed as shown below and followed by two hyphens. Examples
of headings follow.
I
A. IMAGE
t
i i3/8"
i—. X. ——
AREA
EPA Form 2380-4
tmiVIOUUV CIN. FORM 217)
PAGE NUMBER
BOTTOM OF
IMAGE AREA;
-_f OUTSIDE
^~DIMENSION
FOR TASLCS
J AND ILLUS-
TRATIONS
'U.S. aOVWINMINT MINTING OFFICI 1M1M0 0M
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 10b.
25
-------
BEGIN
FIRST
LINE OF 1
TEXT
HERE
dropped
HEAD:
BEGIN
SECTIONS
HERE
BEGIN
LAST LINE 1
OF TEXT
CENTER
PAGE
~T~
(examples of headings)
SEWAGE TREATMENT STUDY-
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES +-
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Simulated Combined Sewer Overflows
Method of Analysis— ^ —
Blending of Samples—
-(title)
-(1st order head)
-(2nd order head)
-(3rd order head)
-(4th order head)
-(5th order head)
TEXT FOOTNOTES
Footnotes should be indicated in the text by superscript numerals and
should be consecutively numbered. Begin each page with footnote number "1".
Text footnotes should be placed at the bottom of the page on which they
appear and should be separated from the body of the text by a horizontal
line 15 characters long.^ See examples below of footnotes to text.^
(Footnotes to tables are discussed in the section on Tables.)
PAGE NUMBERS
Write the page number in the lower left-hand corner of the page with a
light, nonreproducible blue pencil for identification purposes.
REFERENCES
In the text, references should be cited in numerical sequence and
enclosed in parentheses as shown here (1). At the end of the text, in a
section titled "REFERENCES," complete reference entries should be listed in
the order that they are cited in the text.
Reference entries should be presented in the style and format of the
examples on the last page.
Single space after last line of text and use the "underline" key to make a
^separating line of 15 characters.
Single space before first footnote and between footnotes.
L ir_ _ L I_
TOP OF
IMAGE
AREA
SPA Form 2360 4 (4-80}
(PREVIOUSLY CIN £PA FORM 2I?|
PAGE NUMBER
BOTTOM OF
IMAGE AREA;
OUTSIDE
> DIMENSION
F FOR TABLES
J AND ILLUS-
TRATIONS
-U.S. QOVEHNMf NT PRINTING OfflCfc mVMO-OW
typing guide sheet
Figure 10c.
26
-------
BEGIN
flRST
LINE OF )
TEXT
HEBE.
DROPPED
HEAD
BEGIN
SECTIONS
HERE
CENTER
PAGE
BEGIN
LAST LINE]
of text
FIGURES
All figures will be reproduced exactly as submitted and must be placed
In the proper position on the page and mounted exactly as you want them.
No foldouts are permitted.
Figures should be drawn using black ink on white paper. Use heavy
lines which remain legible after you reduce them. Do not use small details,
like tiny circles, that will fill in or bleed during printing. Keep
illustrations simple. Do not submit hand lettered graphics.
Do not use grid paper for graphs. Instead, use "tic" marks along the
edges of the graph at the major divisions of the graph.
Each figure must have a descriptive legend, which should be placed
directly below the figure (see example). Spell out the word "figure" in
the text and legend. Center the legend beneath the illustration following
the figure number and Indent the second line immediately below the first
line. All figures must be referenced in the text. The figure should
follow its mention in the text as closely as possible. Do not use foot-
notes with a figure; make this material part of the legend or text.
For proper reproduction, figures using photographs should be clear,
glossy, black and white prints with good contrast. Photographs must be
sized and cropped to fit within the image area. Include space for the
legend, which should be typed on the paper in the proper position.
jL. IMAGE
t
AREA
i i
V77X
manufacturing 30.7%
trade . 16-2%
government j 1,5%
finance, insurance, real estate 10.1%
services and other JO.t%
transportation, communication.
utilities 9.2% ——
CTO1 farm —. 4%
construction 4 I% cm mining—3%
¦Figure 1. Sectoral contributions to ORBES gross regional product.
I
ETFlTl
EPA Fotm 2350-4 (* 80|
fl»«V»0U«LV CiN tPA fOAM M?!
PAGE NUMBER
sorrow of
IMAGE AREA;
OUTSIDE
DIMENSION
FOR TABLES
| AND ILLUS-
TRATION#
•U S. GOVt!ANMS#T PAINTING OFFICE t»81-S«OOB9
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure lOd.
27
-------
BEGIN
RUST
LINE CM
TEXT
HERE
DROPPED
H6AD:
BEGIN '
SECTIONS
MERE
CENTER
PAGE
BEGIN
LAST LINE 1
OF TEXT
TABLES
Tables should be organized for maximum clarity and ease of interpreta-
tion. An example is shown below (Table 1).
Table footnotes are an efficient way to present peripheral information.
Use *, t, }, §, //, for keying the footnotes. The symbols are to be assigned
in left-to-right, top-to-bottom order. The footnotes are placed below the
bottom (closing) line of the table.
Each table must have a caption and must be referenced in the text.
The table caption should be centered above the table, as is shown in the
example; captions must be all caps.
TABLE 1,
METHODS OF WASTEWATER APPLICATION FOR VARIOUS SYSTEM DESIGNS AND
SOIL PERMEABILITIES*
Soil
permeability
(percolation rate)
Trenches or beds
(fills, drains)
on level site
Trenches {drains)
on sloping
site ( 5%)
Very rapid
( I min/in.)
Rapid
(1-10 min/in.)
Moderate
(11-60 min/in.)
Slow
( 60 min/in.)
Uniform application'
dosing
Uniform application
dosing
Dosing
gravity
uniform application
Not critical
Gravity
dosing
Gravity
dosing
Gravity
dosing
Not critical
Methods of application are listed in order of preference.
*Should be used in alternating field systems to ensure adequate treatment.
i_ ir_ _!
TOP OF
IMAGE
AREA
EPA fQtm 23(0-4 {4 80;
{MEViOUILYClN. fcPAfORM2»7}
PAGE NUMBER
bottom Of
IMAGE AREA;
OUTSIDE
• DIMENSION
FOR TABLES
AND ILLUS-
TRATIONS
*U.S. OOVfcfWMFNT PWNTIWO OFFICl 1IIMM-M*
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 10e.
26
-------
BEGIN
FIRST
LINK OF )
TEXT
HERE
Journal
Report
Presentation 5.
Book
Chapter
Proceedings 7.
team
IA»T LINE ]
OF TEXT
CENTER
PAGE
TOP Of
references
>. IMAGE
-"£T f-
Forristal, T. arid Witt,
Lancet. 1: 1428, 1968.
Pleocytosis after iron dextran injection.
Boreiko, C., Mondal, S., Narayan, K.S., and Heidelberger, C. Effects
of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or, the morphology and growth of
C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells. Cancer Res. 40: 4709, 1980.
Fuller, U.H. Investigation of landfill leachate pollutant attenuation
by soils. EPA-600/2-78-158, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1978. 239 pp.
Gleason, V.E. Coal and the environment abstract series: Mine drainage
bibliography 1929-1980. EPA-600/7-80-113. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1980. 197 pp.
lord, K.W. Sludges and associated problems involving agricultural
drains in Florida wetlands. Paper presented at 1970 Specialty
Conference, American Society of Agricultural Engineers and American
Society of Civil Engineers, Miami, Florida. November 4-6, 1970.
Halbach, P. and Ujma, K.H. Mobilization, transport and microbially
assisted precipitation of iron in a bog creek. In: W.E. Krumbein
(ed.), Environmental Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology. Vol. 2.
The Terrestrial Environment. Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1978.
p. 493.
Gang, M.W. and Langmuir, D. Controls on heavy metals in surface and
ground water affected by coal mine drainage. Clarion River-Redbank
Creek Watershed, Pennsylvania. _In: Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium
on Coal Mine Drainage Research. National Coal Association, Washington,
D.C., 1974. p. 39.
CEi
AREA
J
BOTTOM OF
1MAOC AREA;
OUTSIDE
DIMENSION
FOR TABLES
CM Form 23*0-4 f4~t0f
{PMVIOUtLV ON IW FOAM M9)
PAGE NUMBER
.| AND ILLUS-
TRATION*
«U.t. QOVBMUMNT
TYPING GUIDE SHEET
Figure 10f.
29
-------
Applications guides are instructional guides which are appropriate
and cost-effective information products when there is a strong need
for a large number of people to apply a given technology or
methodology and when the only available information on the topic is
dispersed over many sources. They are intended to be used to direct a
course of action or to solve a particular environmental problem. The
information and data contained in these reports are presented in a
well-constructed format, and the language is straightforward and
precise. Extensive use is made of tabular material and graphic
illustration to ensure that concepts or procedures are clear.
Each specific type of applications guide is described as follows:
• A design manual is a comprehensive, specific description of a new
technology or methodology applicable to a particular
environmental problem. It is intended to guide the user through
major steps of the process of creating, constructing, and
maintaining a particular technology or technique.
• A handbook is a broad collection of information, statistics, data, and
techniques which are proven both accurate and highly relevant to a
particular subject area.
• A user's guide explains and describes, step by step, how to employ
an ORD-developed procedure, piece of equipment, model or
program.
The major elements that should appear in these reports are the same
as those required for all ORD reports. The manual, handbook, or
user's guide should fulfill the general requirements described on
pages 5 through 19. CERI should be contacted for advice and samples
on the preparation of applications guides.
The contents and organization of the body of a report shall be
determined by the nature of the work. However, limit the contents to
that information required to inform the reader. Eliminate unnecessary
details, appendices, and pages to reduce primary and secondary
reproduction costs and to expedite review, approval, printing, and
distribution.
Headings All headings will be numbered; e.g., first-order headings, 1; second-
order headings, 1.1, 1.2, etc.; third-order headings, 1.2.1, 1.2.2, etc.;
on through fourth-order headings.
Tables Tables can help clarify the text for the reader as well as present data
that cannot easily be given in the running text. Many tables, however,
appear to be assortments of data. It is the responsibility of the writer
to ensure that tables are pertinent and that they can be deciphered by
the intended audience. If the tables require the stacking of more than
two "layers" of headings, vertically, and several layers, horizontally,
the table is too complicated for the reader and should be split into two
or more tables, or reorganized, or simplified by the elimination of
some of the data.
Applications
Guides
Report
Organization
30
-------
Specifications Tables should be placed on the page in regular orientation wherever
possible. Tables typed broadwise on the page should be kepi to a
minimum. Instead, split tables into parts and put them on facing
pages; split into two or more tables; or reorganize them so that they
can be oriented differently. Do not use fold-out tables.
Do not reduce tables beyond legibility; type should be at least 6-point
size in the body and footnotes.
1. Titles are in caps centered above the table. The word "TABLE," in
caps, and the number (assigned according to chapter and order in
which it occurs in the chapter) are to be centered above the title.
2. Footnotes are cited by means of superscript lower case letters;
separated by double space; begun with an initial cap and closed
with a period.
3. Center columns under headings; align on decimal.
4. Double space between horizontal entries.
5. Combine tables with text when possible.
6. Vertical lines should not be used.
Figures Because good illustrations enhance the value of techniqal reports, use
them to emphasize, demonstrate, and summarize. Treat illustrations
consistently throughout the document.
Specifications 1. Place illustrations closely following their first reference in the
text: combine with text when possible.
2. All figures are to be self-explanatory. The text must carry a
reference to each figure used. When one or more sources are
cited for figures, the text should carry reference numbers and the
figure title should also carry those reference numbers.
3. Figure captions should be limited to one sentence where possible;
also, the use of notes should be restricted. If notes are necessary,
include the note in the title within parentheses or within the
frame of figures.
4. When photographs (half tones) are used, only high-contrast black
and white glossy prints will be accepted; they should be pasted
in place, or if oversized, should be mounted, cropped, and marked
for reduction.
References and The following kinds of material must be documented or referenced as
Footnotes background:
1. The source of a significant and original statement.
2. The source of information not sufficiently familiar so that most
readers would know it or be able to find it readily.
3. The sources of controversial matter and opposing views.
Present references in an accurate, uniform manner, at the end of
each chapter; cite references in text in parentheses. Number them
consecutively as they appear in the text. Use a style consistent with
that of any reputable scientific or technical journal or society. Include
31
-------
all essential elements of a reference: author(s), title, source,
identifying numbers, pages, dates. Cite footnotes by *, **, f, t, etc.
Pagination Number the front matter of the report consecutively with lower case
Roman numerals. The preface and the contents must begin on an
odd-numbered (right-hand) page.
Each chapter in the body of the report and each appendix may be
numbered non-consecutively. That is, each chapter may begin with a
new page 1, and the chapter number may be used as the prefix
designator (e.g., 2-1 would indicate page 1 of Chapter 2).
Mathematical Define mathematical symbols at their first use. When mathematical
Style formulas and equations are numerous, furnish a separate listing of
symbols used.
Equations—short, simple equations, chemical or mathematical,
should be treated as part of the text. When possible, type simple
fractions on one line, using a diagonal fraction bar (solidus) and
parentheses and/or brackets to avoid ambiguity; e.g., 1 /(a + b) not
1 /a + b.
Equations and formulas that require special symbols, positioning, or
brackets should be typed on lines by themselves, centered on the
width of the column of type with one line above and below the
equation or formula. Break equations before an equal, plus, or
multiplication sign. Align a group of separate but related equations by
their equal signs and indent or center the group as a whole. Such
equations should be numbered with the equation number within that
chapter; e.g., 1-1, 2-4, 3-5, etc. Numbers are enclosed within
parentheses and typed flush right.
Technology Transfer Reports have long been one of ORD's most
popular forms of communication with the technical applications
community. Generally, these reports are summaries of significant
regulatory or control technology developments, for example.
Environmental Regulation and Technology Reports and Capsule
Reports. These reports are especially suited for providing an audience
with a succinct, accurate overview of a complex subject.
Technology Transfer Reports are initiated by individuals within a
laboratory or OD's office, who are responsible for notifying the CERI
staff when there is a technology development that merits reporting in
the technology transfer series.
CERI is responsible for the preparation of these reports and will work
closely with personnel in the laboratories and offices as the text is
drafted and the appropriate format, artwork and photography are
developed.
Environmental The Environmental Research Brief is another published product
Research Briefs designed to keep the research and technical community abreast of
current research status based on information resulting from EPA
activities.
Technology
Transfer
Reports
32
-------
Any laboratory/office may produce an Environmental Research Brief.
CERI will coordinate editing, graphics, layout, production, and
distribution of the product.
Briefs should be kept as short as possible and will range from four
(nine draft pages) to eight typeset (21 draft pages) pages 8-1/2x11
inch. Tables and illustrations should be included only if essential to
the clarification of the text. References are permitted but should focus
on the topic of the Brief.
Internal The Internal Report is a mechanism for providing research information
Reports in response to a request from an EPA office.
Format may vary greatly—from a memo, to a set of aerial photographs
and interpretive keys, to a typical Project Report—depending on the
request and urgency of the need.
33
~u. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING 0FFIC&1986/646-116/20793
------- |