United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Information Resources
Management
(3404)
EPA 220-N-94-012
Issue Number 47
November 1994
©EPA INFO ACCESS
Library Network Communications
Is the Network Complying With
Copyright Law?
by Jonda Byrd. IMSD, Manager, National Library Network Program
Librarians and information
professionals are expected to have
some knowledge of the copyright law
and its application to library and
information services. With recent
advances in the field of information
technology, copyright/intellectual
property issues have become even
more complicated for libraries in
general, and for EPA libraries in
particular. As librarians in Federal
libraries, we approach the issues of
"Intellectual property law
assures the authors the right
to their original expression,
hut encourages others to build
freely on it. '¦This result is
neither unfair, nor
unfortunate. It is the means
by which intellectual property
law advances through the
progress of science and art.
We give authors and
publishers certain rights
when, in exchange, we get a
richer public domain."
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, in Feist v.
The Rural Telephone Services
copyright from a different angle than
academic or corporate librarians, but
we still need to thoroughly understand
the law to make sure that our libraries
are in full compliance. EPA's Office of
General Counsel can provide assistance
by reviewing specific projects and
advising us about procedural changes
needed to ensure compliance.
In this issue of INFO ACCESS we
have compiled information that we
think will offer some guidance in this
area. The Office of General Counsel
has provided us with some text
explaining their interpretation of the
law for issues of special interest to
EPA. This article contains information
about the Fair Use Doctrine and
Computer Software and Data. We have
researched and included several items
exploring the background of the
copyright law itself. We think you will
be especially interested to read the
article about information projects
around the EPA Library Network for
which copyright issues were raised and
resolved. In order to keep the network
up to date with current events, we have
included an article on the National
Information Infrastructure and the
activities of its copyright/intellectual
property workgroup, a committee that
Is the Network Complying
continued on page 13
In This Issue
Page 2
Copyright Issues in the
EPA Library Network
Pages 3-7
Copyright Issues of Special Interest
to EPA Employees
Pages 4-6	_________
Copyright Timeline
Page 8
Update on the Intellectual Property Debate
Page 9
National Information Infrastructure
Task Force (NIITF)
Page 9
Intellectual Property Principles Adopted
Pages 10-11
Acronyms in the News
Page 12
Using Dialog's Electronic Redistribution
and Archiving (ERA) Service
Pages 12-13
Around the Network
Page 13
Tips for using the ERA Service with Dialog
Page 14
Follow-up to New WordPerfct Office
Mail Group for Library Patrons
Page 15
Fundamental Principles of Copyright
Page 15
Tip of the Hat
Page 15
Lou Tilley Retires in Chicago
Page 15
Statute of Queen Anne
Printed on Recycled Paper

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
Copyright Issues in the EPA Library Network
EPA librarians have worked with the Office
of General Counsel (OGC) and information
producers and distributors to resolve a wide
range of copyright issues affecting library
services and several outreach tools including
bibliographies, current awareness updates,
and information uploaded to Regional and
office LANs. Most of the EPA libraries have
confronted the copyright issue because of
Technology has made the
enforcement of intellectual
property rights problematic
at best, and maybe
impossible."
Robert L. Oakley, Director of the Law Library.
Georgetown University Law Center
outreach and reference services offered to
EPA staff at their facilities, including table of
contents routing, interlibrary loan and
document delivery, journal routing, Current
Contents photocopying service, bibliography
development, etc.
The following are specific situations in
which the library staff requested the advice of
Office of General Counsel attorneys about
potential copyright infringement.
Transition News Service-
Headquarters Library
This was a daily current awareness update
consisting of citations and abstracts from
newspapers, newsletters, journals and similar
sources about the Presidential transition and
related issues. The update was compiled
using citations and abstracts downloaded
from online databases, along with
. other sources identified by the
librarians. It was distributed via
electronic mail to hundreds of
subscribers throughout the agency.
The Headquarters librarians were
concerned about possible copyright
infringement and consulted the
Office of General Counsel (OGC)
for an opinion. The Library was
informed that if they drafted
original abstracts for the items
listed in the update, this product
would comply with current
copyright law. This service was
discontinued in 1993 and was
replaced with a new current
awareness update,
Enviro-Newsbrief which is
currently compiled and distributed
on a daily basis.
Mid-Morning Newsbreak—
OPPT Library
This electronic product is a two-
part daily current awareness update
consisting of an early morning
schedule of events of interest,
along with an early afternoon
bibliography with abstracts of news
items and selected journal and book
citations on topics directly relating
to the mission of the Office of
Pollution Prevention and Toxics.
The original "Mid-morning
Newsbreak" was intended solely for
an internal EPA audience. When it
was discovered that it was being
forwarded to persons outside the
agency, concern arose that the
practice of extensively quoting from
newspapers could be violating
copyright law. The service was
suspended while OPPT librarians
consulted the OGC, who informed
them that they could bring the
service into compliance by writing
original descriptive abstracts instead
of summaries. The renamed "OPPT
Newsbreak" is now sent over E-
mail and the Internet to subscribers
throughout the U.S. and Canada; it
js compiled daily by librarians
manually going through five
Copyright Issues continued on page 7
INFO ACCESS
UH
H
INFO ACCESS, a forum to provide information and report on
progress in information management across the Agency, is produced
by the Information Access Branch (IAB) of the Information
Management and Services Division (IMSD), Washington, D.C.,
under the direction of Jonda Byrd, National Library Network
Program Manager. Please send comments and suggestions to: Mary
Hoffman (contractor), Network Coordinator, 1521 East Franklin
Street, B300, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Telephone: (919) 968-3849.
Electronic mail: Hoffman.Mary.
2

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
Copyright Issues of Special Interest to EPA Employees
by Thomas Gorman, Office of General Counsel
A.	Nature of Copyright
Copyright protection is available to the
authors of "original works of
authorship" including literary,
dramatic, and musical works as well as
computer software. Copyright
protection for most works subsists from
the time a work is expressed in a fixed
and tangible form, even if the work
does not carry a copyright notice. The
author of a copyrighted work (or the
author's assignee) has the exclusive
right to reproduce, distribute, perform,
or display the copyrighted work, or to
prepare derivative works based on the
copyrighted work. An author's
copyright protects the author's
expression, but it does not extend to
facts.or ideas contained in that
expression. The duration of copyright
protection has changed in recent years,
but as a rule of thumb, one should
assume a work is copyrighted if it was
first published less than 75 years ago.
B.	Government Works
Section 105 of the Copyright Act (17
U.S.C. Section 105) reads as follows:
Copyright protection under this
title is not available for any
work of the United States Gov-
ernment, but the United States
Government is not precluded
from receiving and holding copy-
rights transferred to it by as-
signment, bequest, or otherwise.
Section 101 of the Copyright Act
defines a work of the United States
Government as follows:
A "work of the United States
Government "is a work prepared
by an officer or employee of the
United States Government as
part of that person's official
duties.
There can be no U.S. copyright in
any work prepared by an EPA
employee as part of that employee's
official duties. For example, if a work
is the result of either a specific
assignment or is of a nature as to be so
closely related to that employee's
duties as to be an expected
consequence of such duties, there
cannot be a U.S. copyright in that
work. Accordingly, the copyright law
cannot be used to restrain
dissemination of a work of the United
States Government in the United
States, by either the work's author or
the government.
Because works of the government
are in the public domain, assignments
of U.S. copyright interests in
government works are meaningless.
Publishers' documents seeking
assignments of U.S. or worldwide
copyright rights in works of EPA
employees should be returned
unsigned with the following statement:
"This assignment cannot be executed,
because the referenced work was
authored by a United States
Government employee as part of that
person's official duties. In view of
Section 105 of the Copyright Act (17
U.S.C. Section 105) the work is not
subject to U.S. copyright protection."
United States copyright law does not
preclude foreign copyright protection
for works of the United States
Government. Documents giving
publishers permission to use
government works covered by foreign
copyrights may in some circumstances
be executed. Prior to execution, any
such document should be reviewed by
EPA's Patent Counsel in the Office of
General Counsel.
"0n author's copyright
protects the author's
expression, but does not
extend to facts or ideas
contained in that
expression.
Thomas Gorman
Office of General Counsel, EPA
C. Works of Assistance
Agreement Recipients and
Contractors
Works by recipients of EPA assistance
agreements and EPA contractors are
not considered "works of the United
States Government" under the
Copyright Act. Under most
circumstances, assistance agreement
recipients and contractors are allowed
to establish copyright in works
produced under their agreements with
the government.
Copyright in works arising from
most EPA assistance agreements
Copyright Issues of Special Interest to
EPA Employees continued on pages 4-7
3

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
(grants or cooperative agreements) is
governed by the "Rights in Data and
Copyrights" provision found in
Appendix C to Title 40, Code of
Federal Regulations, Part 30.
Copyright in works arising under
grants to state, local, and Indian tribal
governments is governed by 40 CFR
Section 31.34. The data rights
provisions governing EPA assistance
agreements allow a recipient of a grant
or cooperative agreement the freedom
to arrange for copyright without
approval from EPA.
Copyright in works arising under
EPA contracts is governed by Subpart
27.4 of the Federal Acquisitions
Regulations (FAR)(48 CFR Sections
27.400-27.4009). FAR Data Rights
Clause No. 52.227-14, Rights in Data -
General (48 CFR Section 52.227-14),
is found in most EPA research and
development contracts. FAR Clause
52.227-14 provides that the contractor
may establish copyright for scientific
and technical articles without approval
from EPA. However, the FAR clause
does require the approval of the
contracting officer before a contractor
may establish copyright in all other
data first produced under a contract. In
most cases, retention of copyright
protection by the contractor is in EPA's
best interest in that the copyright
provides an incentive for the
production, publication, and utilization
of the work.
In contrast, certain contracts for the
production or compilation of data may
contain FAR Clause No. 52.227-17,
Rights in Data - Special Works (48
CFR Section 52.227-17). Under the
FAR's Special Works clause, the
contractor agrees not to copyright data
first produced in the performance of
the contract without prior written
permission of the contracting officer. If
such permission is granted, the
government is granted a license to all
such data. If no permission is granted,
the government can obtain copyright
by requiring the contractor to establish
copyright and assign it to the
government or a designated assignee.
Thus, this clause provides a means for
the government to obtain copyright in
data, including computer software, that
is developed under an EPA contract.
Works of individual authors
originated while employed by a
recipient of an EPA assistance
agreement or an EPA contractor are the
property of the author's employer.
Under Section 201 of the Copyright
Act (17 U.S.C. Section 201), an
employee's works are considered
"works for hire" and, as such, are
considered the property of the
employer. The rights of such
employers in their employee's
copyrighted works, vis-a-vis the
government, are determined by the
applicable assistance agreement or
contract regulations discussed above.
The regulations governing both
assistance agreements and contracts
provide that when an outside party
establishes copyright in material
generated under the assistance
agreement or contract, the government
is vested with a royalty-free,
nonexclusive, and irrevocable license
throughout the world to reproduce,
perform, or display publicly the work
and prepare derivative works from the
work by or on behalf of the
government. The government's license
may include certain additional rights,
depending on the nature of the work
and the type of assistance agreement or
contract under which the work was
produced.
Updating and revising official
government reports or copyrighted data
received under EPA assistance
agreements and contracts is sanctioned
Copyright is a protection that has been
outlined in English and American laws
since the 18th century. As the
American copyright law was amended,
more items were added to the list of
things that could be copyrighted and
the duration of copyright protection
was increased.
Copyright Timeline
Designs, engravings, and
etchings are protected. Notice
of copyright Is required on or
next to the title page.
1790
	1	
1802
1831
Books,maps, and charts protected.
Duration of copyright Is 14 years with
14-year renewal. Notice of copyright Is
published in the newspaper four times
within two months of publication.

Musical compositions protected. Duration
of copyright is 28 years with 14-year
renewal. Notice of copyright Is required in
each copy of a work. A newspaper notice
Is no longer required except for renewals.

-------
'"The role of the fair use
doctrine in copyright is
to ensure that copyright
does not become an
undue obstacle to
learning,"
L.Ray Patterson & Stanley W. Lindberg, The
Nature of Copyright
within the terms of the government's
copyright license. Such a revision to an
EPA-sponsored report would not alter
the copyright held by the EPA
assistance agreement recipient or
contractor, nor would it change the
status of EPA's copyright license in
such material.
EPA is also entitled, pursuant to its
copyright license, to modify
copyrighted materials prepared by
recipients of EPA assistance
agreements and by EPA contractors.
For example, if an EPA project officer,
in using a copyrighted report, initiates
changes that result in a revised final
report, such action is consistent with
the terms of EPA's copyright license.
Nonetheless, if a project officer makes
changes in reports written and
copyrighted by an assistance agreement
recipient or contractor either prior to or
after publication by EPA, the material,
as revised, is still considered to be
copyrighted work to which EPA has a
license.
D.	Joint Works of EPA and
Non-EPA Employees
When an EPA employee, as part of his
or her official duties, participates as a
coauthor of a work, the portions of the
work coauthored by the EPA employee
are potentially excluded from copyright
protection under Section 105 of the
Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. Section 105).
Portions of the coauthored work that
can be separated from the work of
government employees remain
copyrightable. When it is anticipated
that an EPA employee will be a
coauthor, it is advisable to give the
outside coauthor notice of copyright
restrictions that apply.
E.	Use of Copyrighted Materials
Copyrighted material may not be
copied or displayed by EPA or
incorporated in EPA documents unless
written permission of the copyright
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
owner has been obtained. Prior use of
copyrighted material in another
government publication does not
constitute permission for EPA to use
the same material. The absence of a
copyright notice or the unpublished
status of a work does not establish that
the work has not been copyrighted.
When permission to use copyrighted
material has been obtained and the
material is used in an EPA document,
the copyrighted material should be
identified by the following statement:
Reprinted from (title of publication,
year of first publication) by (name of
author) with permission of (name of
copyright owner).
The National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) requires that copyright
release letters accompany publications
submitted to it for distribution. The
following is an example of a letter
giving EPA and NTIS permission to
use copyrighted material:
Dear:
Permission is given to the U.S.
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and to the Na-
tional Technical Information
Service (NTIS) to reproduce and
sell the document identified be-
low containing the following
Copyright Timeline (continued)
Right of
performance of
dramatic works is
protected.
Photographs and negatives are
protected. Deposit with Library of
Congress Is required within one
month of publication.
Rights of performance are
amended to Include jukeboxes.
Duration of copyright Is 28 years
with 28-year renewal,
	1	
1846
1856
1859
-H
1865
1870
+
1909
1912
-4-
Dellvery of copies to
Smithsonian Institute
and Library of
Congress Is required.
1846 deposit requirements
are repealed. The Interior
Department is the new
copyright custodian.
Paintings, statues, and other fine arts are
protected, and the right to translate or
dramatize Is granted to the author.
Prepublicatlon notice Is required. Deposit of
two copies within 10 days of publication to
the Library of Congress Is required.
Motion pictures
are protected
5

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
copyrighted material: (Describe
the material; include the title,
page number, number of the
table(s) or figure(s), and any
other identifying information.)
The following copyright
acknowledgement will be in-
cluded: "Reprinted from (title
of publication, year of first pub-
lication) by (name of author)
with permission of (name of
copyright owner)."
EPA Document: [Identification
of the EPA Document]
The EPA author should, within
reason, follow any special
acknowledgement wording requested
by the copyright owner.
The data rights provisions applicable
to both assistance agreements and
contacts limit the right of the recipient
or contractor to incorporate
copyrighted materials in the product
delivered to EPA. Prior to inclusion of
copyrighted material in a work or
product delivered under an EPA
assistance agreement or contract, the
recipient or contractor must first obtain
the copyright owner's written
permission for the government's use of
such material. The recipient or
contractor is responsible for all
necessary paperwork and any fees
related to obtaining permission to use
copyrighted materials.
F. Fair Use Doctrine
The narrowly-construed doctrine of
"fair use" limits a copyright owner's
absolute ownership rights. The
contours of the "fair use" doctrine are
vague. Section 107 of the Copyright
Act (17 U.S.C. Section 107) instructs
that "fair use of a copyrighted work...
for purposes such as criticism,
comment, news reporting, teaching
(including multiple copies for
classroom use), scholarship, or
research, is not an infringement of
copyright." Although the Copyright
Act does not attempt to define "fair
use," the statute includes four factors to
be considered by courts making "fair
use" determinations. The four factors
are as follows:
1. The purpose and character of the
use, including whether the use is of
a commercial nature or is for
nonprofit educational purposes;
2.	The nature of the copyrighted
work;
3.	The amount and substantiality of
the portion used in relation to the
copyrighted work as a whole; and
4.	The effect of the use upon the
potential market for or value of the
copyrighted work.
Under the first factor, courts focus
on two primary issues. First, they
consider whether the use is a
transformative use that adds something
to the work (e.g. literary criticism or
scholarship) or whether the use is
merely a copy offered as a substitute
for the original. Second, the courts
consider whether the use is for
commercial or nonprofit purposes. A
nonprofit use is for socially beneficial
purposes. A nonprofit use for socially
beneficial purposes, while not
determinative, weighs in favor of a fair
use finding.
Under the second factor, courts find
the scope of "fair use" is greater with
respect to factual works than non-
factual works. Under this factor, courts
have also found that the scope of fair
use is much narrower for high-priced
newsletters than for inexpensive mass
circulation periodicals such as
newspapers.
Under the third factor, courts
disfavor the copying of entire articles
or publications. Courts consider not
only the percentage of the original used
but also the importance of the portion
used. Use of a portion that is the "heart
of a work" is less likely to be
considered a "fair use."
Many courts consider the fourth
factor to be the most important. Under
Copyright Timeline (continued)
Copyright law Is amended to cover original works of authorship fixed
In any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed,
from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise
communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or
device. Exceptions Include works of Industrial design and typefaces.
Duration of copyright Is the life of the author plus 50 years, For joint
works, the duration of copyright Is the life of the surviving author plus
50 years. For anonymous works, pseudonymous works, and works for
hire, the duration of copyright Is 75 years from the year of first
publication, or a term of 100 years from the year of the work's
creation, whichever expites first.
4-
I9S2
1976
Public performances for profit and
recording of nondramatic literary
works are added to author's rights
After expiration
of a copyright, a
work enters the
public domain
and can be
freely copied. ¦
6

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
this factor, courts are less likely to find
"fair use" if widespread practice of the
challenged use would adversely affect
the market for the copyrighted work.
In making "fair use" determinations,
courts are not restricted to the four
factors discussed above. In addition,
the amount of weight courts assign to
each factor varies with the specific
circumstances. Accordingly, "fair use"
inquiries are highly fact-specific and
do not readily admit to bright line
generalizations. However, it is safe to
assume that the making of one copy of
an article by an EPA employee or
contractor for personal use would fall
within the "fair use" exception. It
would also be a "fair use" for an EPA
employee to provide a contractor or
assistance agreement recipient with
individual copies of select articles for
the contractor's use in the conduct of
EPA-sponsored research activities.
Likewise, the "fair use " excep-
tion permits EPA contractors
and assistance agreement re-
cipients to provide EPA employ-
Copyright Issues from page 2
newspapers and selecting articles to
be included.
Environmental News On the
LAN—Region 4 Library
Region 4 uses a software toolbox
called Ready Reference to enhance
information access through its
Regional LAN. The Region 4 Library
maintains an Environmental News file
in Ready Reference on the LAN.
Updated at least twice weekly, this
section contains the full text of articles
about environmental issues that
appeared in selected newpapers
throughout the southeast region. The
ees with individual copies of se-
lect copyrighted articles for use
in connection with EPA research
activities.
For further guidance on questions of
"fair use," contact EPA's Patent
Counsel in the Office of General
Counsel.
G. Computer Software and
Data
Commercial computer software is
almost always copyrighted. In addition,
computer software is generally sold
under software license agreements that
provide additional limitations on use of
the software. As with other categories
of copyrighted materials, permission of
the software's copyright owner must be
obtained before the software may be
copied or otherwise incorporated into
an EPA work product. Permission for
limited use and copying of computer
software may sometimes be found in
the software license agreement under
which the government purchased the
software.
library staff executes a saved search
strategy on the PAPERS file in
DIALOG and downloads the
information. Each article is placed into
a separate file and indexed for quick
reference. Region 4 Library staff
contacted each newspaper for
copyright permission before
implementing the service.
Risk Assessment, Management,
Communication—OPPT Library
OPPT's Library Manager expressed
concern that the production of the risk
bibliography was an infringement of
copyright law. The bibliography is
Computer networks and computer
bulletin boards facilitate the display
and copying of copyrighted materials.
Display of a copyrighted work on a
computer network or bulletin board
infringes the owners copyright no less
than would mass distribution of hard
copies of the same work. In addition,
display of copyrighted materials on
widely accessible computer networks
and bulletin boards would subject the
government to unforeseen copyright
infringement liability. Thus,
copyrighted materials should not be
displayed on computer networks or
bulletin boards unless the copyright
owner has given EPA written
permission for such display.
H. Additional Information
For additional information regarding
copyright matters, you should contact
the EPA Center for Environmental
Research Information or the EPA
Patent Counsel in the Office of General
Counsel. ¦
compiled using citations and abstracts
downloaded from online databases,
along with other sources identified by
the librarians and EPA staff. See the
article on page 12 to find out how the
Library resolved this issue.
Copyright and intellectual property
rights will continue to be a central
issue for libraries, particularly in light
of the explosion of electronic
information. Information in electronic
form is even more susceptible to
misuse and abuse, and information
professionals should make every effort
to update their knowledge about this
important issue. ¦
7

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
Update on the Intellectual Property Debate
With the explosion of informaion
access through computer networks, the
issue of intellectual property looms
larger than life. We felt that an issue on
copyright/intellectual property had to
include an update on the activities of
the administration's working group on
intellectual property, along with the
corresponding actions of professional
information and library organizations.
For example, did you know that a
coalition of more than 70
organizations, including the American
Library Association (ALA), and other
major library associations,
telecommunications groups such as the
Center for Media Education, and other
organizations such as the American
Civil Liberties Union and Public
Citizen is working to advise the Nil
Task Force? That is just one aspect of
the ongoing activity with intellectual
property. Here is a summary of what
has happened since the early months of
1994...
On July 7, 1994, the Secretary of
Commerce released "Intellectual
Property and the National Information
Infrastructure: A Preliminary Draft of
the Report of the Working Group on
Intellectual Property Rights" for public
comment. The report recommends
changes in the law that would provide
greater protection for information
available through the National
Information Infrastructure (Nil). The
chairman of the working group stated
that in general the current law
adequately protects copyrighted
information in the Nil environment,
but that recommended changes will
ensure appropriate protection of
intellectual property rights. The overall
effect of the recommendations will be
to broaden owner's rights and narrow
certain limitations on those rights.
Specifically, the changes are intended
to foster interoperability and
interconnectivity, and to standardize
copyright management and
technological protection methods
without diminishing intellectual
property rights.
The Working Group sponsored
conferences on fair use guidelines and
intellectual property education this fall,
and public hearings on the draft
preliminary report in Los Angeles,
"[JSflew technologies
seem to highlight the
problems each link in
the information chain
has with each other."
Sandy Norman, Copyright Advisor, IFLA
Chicago, and Washington, DC. The
Washington DC hearings on the report
were held September 22-23.
On September 2, 1994, the American
Library Association drafted a letter to
the Working Group outlining their three
key concerns relating to intellectual
property and electronic information.
1) A balanced policy framework is
essential for the National
Information Infrastructure. It should
balance the protection of owner's
rights with the free dissemination of
ideas as implied by the intellectual
property clause in the U.S.
Constitution.
2)	Expanded limitations must
accompany expanded rights.
Library provisions of the copyright
law should be strengthened to allow
preservation activities that use
electronic or other appropriate
technologies. No expansion of
copyright holders' rights to include
electronic transmission should be
enacted with corresponding
limitations on those rights in areas
such as fair use, classroom use, and
library use.
3)	A new CONTU is needed. ALA
recommended that a new National
Commission on New Technological
Uses (CONTU) of copyrighted
works should be enacted. The
complexity of the copyright
problems raised by the Nil
technology surpasses those of the
photocopying and early computer
technologies that led to the creation
by Congress of CONTU in 1974. A
new CONTU is needed to conduct
Studies, compile data, and better
justify needed changes in copyright
law both to assure public access to
material disseminated via the Nil
and to respect the rights of owners
of copyrighted works.
These key points were endorsed by
the American Association of Law
Librarians, Association of Academic
Health Science Library Directors,
Medical Library Association, National
Humanities Alliance, Special Libraries
Association, and the Association of
Research Libraries. The American
Library Association endorsed the
Association of Research Library's
intellectual property principles that
were adopted in May 1994. (See
sidebar on page 9) ¦
8

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
National Information Infrastructure Task Force (NIITF)
The NIITF is a Federal interagency
group created to articulate and
implement the administration's vision
for the NIL The task force consists of
high-level representatives of the
Federal agencies that play a major role
in the development and application of
information technologies. The NIITF
coordinates government efforts in Nil
applications, links government
applications to the private sector,
resolves outstanding disputes, and
implements administration policies.
[For more about the Nil, see "National
Information Infrastructure - An
Overview," and other related articles in
the May 1994 issue of INFO ACCESS]
The task force is advised by a private
sector Advisory Council on the Nil that
vconsists of 25 representatives from
pusiness, labor, academia, public
The Association of Research Libraries
(ARL) adopted the following set of
principles governing intellectual
property at their 124th annual meeting
in 1994:
¦	Copyright exists for the public good.
¦	Fair use, the library, and other
relevant provisions of the Copyright
Act of 1976 must be preserved in the
development of the emerging
information infrastructure.
¦	As trustees of the rapidly growing
record of human knowledge, libraries
and archives must have full use of
technology in order to preserve our
heritage of scholarship and research.
interest groups, and state and local
governments.
Nil's Information Policy Committee
is chaired by the head of the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs at
the Office of Management and Budget.
It has created three working groups on
intellectual property rights, privacy,
and government information.
Working Group on Intellectual
Property Rights
The primary focus of the working
group is the intellectual integrity of
products that flow through the Nil
pipeline and the expansion of the
definition of existing standards to
encompass new issues. It plans to
investigate means of strengthening
domestic copyright laws and
international intellectual property
treaties. It will also study the
¦	Licensing agreements should not be
allowed to abrogate the fair-use and
library provisions authorized in the
copyright statute.
¦	Librarians and educators have an
obligation to educate information
users about their rights and
responsibilities under intellectual
property law.
¦	Copyright should not be applied to
U.S. government information.
¦	The information infrastructure must
permit authors to be compensated for
the success of their creative works,
and copyright owners must have an
opportunity for a fair return on their
investment.!
application of fair use to new media. In
addition, it will study the need for
standards for identifying copyright
ownership in electronic systems. The
task force will consider the need for a
system for the identification, licensing,
and use of work, and for the payment of
royalties, and will sponsor conferences
on fair use and public education about
copyright during Fall 1994.
The working group developed and
published a "Green Paper" during 1994
entitled, "Intellectual Property and the
National Information Infrastructure."
This preliminary draft report outlines
plans for the protection of intellectual
property in Nil's digital environment. ¦
copyright is the
group of fundamental
rights given to authors
of creative works for a
limited period of time,
including the rights of
reproduction,
adaptation, publication,
performance, and
display
Arlene Blelefleld & Lawrence Cheeseman,
in Libraries & Copyright Law
Intellectual Property Principles Adopted
9

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
Acronyms in the News
Librarians and other interested
information professionals will see
innumerable acronyms in articles,
papers, and reports that discuss
electronic information, intellectual
property, and the National Information
Infrastructure. Following is an
annotated list of some of the acronyms
you might encounter in your reading:
AALA: American Association of Law
Libraries
53 W. Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago. IL 60604
(312) 939-4764
Supports and acts on behalf of its
members, including librarians who serve
the legal profession in courts, bar
associations, law societies, law schools,
private law firms, and federal, state, and
county governments. Sponsors a Copyright
Committee, Publications: Law Library
Quarterly and AALA Newsletter (m).
ACRL: Association of College and
Research Libraries
(a division of ALA).
50 E. Huron Street
Chicago, IL 60611
(312) 280-2516
Seeks to improve the quality of service and
represents the interests and programs of
academic and research libraries. Sponsors
a Copyright Committee. Publications:
College & Research Libraries (bm),
Colleges & Research Libraries News (11/yr),
and Choice (11/yr).
ADAPSO: Computer Software and
Services Industry Association (formerly
Association of Data Processing
Service Organizations).
1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 300
Arlington, VA 22209
(703) 522-5055
Seeks to Improve management methods,
develop service possibilities, and define
standards of performance for companies
offering computer software and services
to the public. Publication: DATA Newsletter
(bm).
ALA: American Library Association
50 E. Huron Street,
Chicago, IL
(312)944-6780
Establishes standards of service, support,
and education for libraries and library
personnel. Promotes the adoption of
standards in libraries of all kinds. Works with
federal agencies to initiate and expand
libraries and Information services. Sponsors
ALANET, an online information network.
Publication: American Libraries (11/yr).
ARL: Association of Research Libraries
1527 New Hampshire Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20036
(202) 232-2466
Seeks to Identify and solve problems
fundamental to large research libraries so
that they may effectively serve the needs
of students, faculty, and the research
community. Sponsors the Coalition for
Networked Information (CNI). Publication:
ARL Newsletter (bm).
ASIS: American Society for
Information Science
CCC: Copyright Clearance
Center 27 Congress Street
Salem, MA 01970
(508) 744-3350
Established in response to the 1978
Copyright Law which requires that
permission of copyright owners be
obtained by anyone doing systematic
photocopying. Provides owners with a
centralized agency through which
permission to photocopy materials may be
granted and fees collected. Will begin
collective licensing of digital uses of full
text in networked environments in 1994.
Publication: CCC Report (q).
CITED: Copyright In Transmitted
Electronic Documents Project
Under the European Community's ESPRIT
programme, CITED seeks to provide a
means for controlling, policing and
remuneration in respect to works stored in
digital form.
CNI: Coalition for Networked
Information (sponsored by ARL)
Created by the Association of Research
Libraries, CNI conducts research and
sponsors discussions about access to and
effect of Information in electronic form.
EDUCOM: Interunlversity
Communications Council
112 16th Street, NW, Suite 600
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 872-4200
Created by a grant from the W.K.Kellogg
to promote resource sharing among
colleges and universities in the application
of computing, communications, and
information technology in higher
education. Represents the interests of
higher education in the development and
application of communications
technology. Sponsors BITNET, an electronic
mall and file transfer institutional network.
Sponsors task forces in networking and
telecommunications. Publications:
EDUCOM Networking (q) and EDUCOM
Review (q).
EFF: Electronic Frontier Foundation
c/o On Technology
155 2nd Street
Cambridge, MA 02141
(617)864-0665
Encourages and supports the
development of tools to endow non-
technology users with access to compute!
based telecommunications. Fosters
awareness about civil liberties issues arising
from the advancement in new computer-
based communications media, and
supports litigation to preserve, protect,
and extend First Amendment rights in
computing and telecommunications
technology. Publication: EFF News (20/yr).
FLICC: Federal Libraries and
Information Centers Committee
c/o Library of Congress
LA-1026 C
Washington, DC 20540
(202) 707-6055
Promotes Improved access to information
and makes recommendations on Federal
library and information policies, programs,
and procedures. Serves as a forum for
issues and policies that affect federal
libraries and information centers, needs
and priorities In providing information
services to the government and to the
public, and efficient and cost-effective
use of federal libraries and information
resources and services. Advocates
research and development in the
application of new technologies for
Federal libraries. Sponsors the Federal
Library and Information Network (FEDLINK).
Publication: FEDLINK Technical Notes (q).
10

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
"The intellectual
property system
establishes the legal
environment in which
the parties operate and
defines the basic bundle
of rights which each
possesses in the absence
of contractual
modifications
Robert L. Oakley, Director of the Law
Library, Georgetown University Law Center
IFLA: International Federation of
Ubrary Associations and
Institutions Postbus 95312,
NL-2509 CH The Hague,
Netherlands 70-3140884
Promotes International understanding,
cooperation, discussion, research and
development In all fields of library activity
including bibliography, information
services, and the education of personnel.
Represents members in all matters of
International interest and communicates
on behalf of the library profession
worldwide. Publication: IFLA Journal (q)
LITA: libraries and Information
Technology Association
(a division of ALA)
50 E. Huron Street
Chicago, IL 60611-2729
(312) 280-4270
Supports and promotes information
dissemination in all areas of library
automation, electronic data processing,
systems analysis, computerized information
retrieval, standards development, video
and cable communications. Information
networks, and telecommunications.
Publication: Information Technology and
Libraries (q).
NAC: Network Advisory Committee/
Library of Congress
c/o Library of Congress
LA-1026 C, Washington, DC 20540
Founded in 1976 to advise LC on the role
of the Library In a nationwide network of
libraries and Information services, NAC
promotes the development of nationwide
networking. It provides input to the Council
on Library Resources and serves as a forum
on networking for NCUS,
NCLIS: National Commission on
Libraries and Information Science
Science 1110 Vermont Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20005
(202) 606-9200
Advises the President and Congress on
library and Information Issues. Conducts
studies and recommends federal
regulatory or legislative action.
NISO: National Information Standards
Organization
P.O.Box 1056
Bethesda, MD 20827
(301) 975-2814
Develops standards and promotes the
voluntary use of technological standards In
libraries, publishing, and information
services. Its members include libraries and
library networks, library associations,
indexing and abstracting services,
government agencies, publishers,
commercial organizations, and
professional, technical, and educational
associations. Publication: Information
Standards Quarterly.
NTIA: National Telecommunications
and Information Administration
14th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW,
Room 4890
Washington, DC
(202) 377-1832
Advises federal government agencies on
telecommunications matters, Including
telephone service and communications
satellites. Acts as the President's principal
adviser on communications and
information policy issues.
OIRA/OMB: Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs/Office of
Management and Budget.
New Executive Office Building, 17th Street
and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW,
Washington, DC 20503
(202) 395-7231
Oversees federal information policy,
information technology management,
and statistical policy activities. Primarily
responsible for the management of
federal information resources, including
the collection of information from the
public, and for carrying out presidential
oversight responsibilities In federal
rulemaking activities. Works to expand
interagency coordination among federal
agencies and works to reduce
unnecessary paperwork and excessive
reporting required by federal agencies.
OTA: Office of Technology
Assessment/U.S. Congress
OTA was asked by the House Committee
on the Judiciary to produce a series of
reports to explore Intellectual property
challenges presented by new information
technologies. Some of the reports In the
series are Intellectual Property Rights In an
Age of Electronic and Information. 1986
(OTA-CIT-302); Computer Software and
Intellectual Property, 1990 (OTA-BP-CIT-61);
and Finding a Balance: Computer
Software. Intellectual Property, and the
Challenge of Technological Change. 1992
(OCT-TCT-527; GPO SN 052-003-01278-2)
SLA: Special Libraries Association
1700 18th Street,NW
Washington, DC 20009
(202) 234-4700
Seeks to advance the leadership role of
special librarians. Offers consulting services
to organizations that wish to establish or
expand library and Information services.
Sponsors a Copyright Committee.
Publications: Special Libraries (q).
WlPO: World Intellectual Property
Organization
34 Chemin des Colombettes
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland 22-7309111
A specialized agency of the United
Nations that advocates the protection of
Intellectual property worldwide, WlPO
provides assistance to governments in
modernizing their legislation and institutions
governing copyright and related Issues.
WlPO designed the structure of the
International copyright law, the Berne
Convention, on which all national
copyright laws are based. Maintains a
25,000 volume library of laws and treaties
on copyright and Industrial property.
Publications: Copyright (m), WlPO
Newsletter (occ), and PCT Gazette (bw).
¦ ¦ ¦

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
Around the Network
Using DIALOG'S Electronic
Redistribution and Archiving
(ERA) Service for the OPPT
Library's Risk Bibliography Series
One of the duties of the OPPT Library
is to keep abreast of copyright
clearance issues in regard to any
publications produced by the Library
for EPA. So when the time came for
the Library to produce the latest update
of its popular Risk Assessment
Bibliography Series (known as Risk
Assessment, Management,
Communication: A Guide to Selected
Sources), some additional 'legwork'
was required as a result of EPA's
increased awareness of and concern for
copyright compliance issues.
While the production of a single
copy of a bibliography for presentation
to EPA may not be in itself cause for
concern, EPA wanted to be made
aware of their limitations and
responsibilities in producing a work for
publication made up of database
citations and/or abstracts which were
possibly protected by copyright. The
first step we took in determining
copyright for our sources was to survey
the database owners whose citations
we hoped to use. Although we obtained
several replies as a result of this
survey, all tended to be rather vague as
to whether or not they would grant
actual permission to use the citations in
a work such as the Risk Bibliography.
The process of obtaining copyright
clearance from database producers can
be extremely difficult, largely because
few organizations appear to be
forthcoming with the name, address,
Using DIALOG'S continued on page 14
This section of INFO ACCESS is used to report on projects
currenlty underway or recently completed in the Regions,
Laboratories, and Headquarters libraries. Contact Mary Hoffman
(contractor) Library Network Coordinator at (919) 968-3849 or at
E-mail box Hoffman. Mary if you would like to contribute an item.
New Staff Supporting the HWSF Collection & Database
The Headquarters Library has a "new" team providing reference assistance for
hazardous waste information: Fabienne McGovern, Stephanie Doty and Jill
Mottorn (all contractors). All three have worked at Headquarters on this and other
projects during the past few years. If you want to consult with any of them, call
(202) 260-5934 or send them a fax at (202) 260-6257.
Staff Changes at EMSL/LV
Just a quick note for your records. They have changed staff again at EMSL/
LV. They have a new Library Assistant/Technician - who recently earned a MLS.
Her name is Connie Lyons (contractor) and she will be handling all of the
library's ILL transactions. Connie can be reached at (702) 798-2646 or by fax at
(702) 798-2622. The previous library technician, Heather DiGeorge (contractor)
has stepped down into a part-time library technician position. She can be reached
at (702) 798-2540, and at the same FAX number as Connie.
Feedback Leads to Improved Orientation Sessions in NYC
Eveline Goodman (contractor), the Region 2 Librarian, reviewed feedback
provided by Regional staff and used it to reorganize sessions held to orient staff to
the Library's resources and services. The Library began offering weekly CD-
ROM tutorials plus two structured orientation classes per month during October.
Library and Information Resources I covers basic library services such as the
public access catalog, interlibrary loan, special collections, and includes a basic
introduction to OLS. Library and Information Resources II includes indepth
coverage of library services and advanced training on subject-specific CD-ROM
databases such as those covering law and regulations, chemistry, and toxics. The
Librarian will continue to request feedback on these sessions and recommend and
implement improvements as needed. If you would like to know more about the
sessions in Region 2, contact Eveline at (212) 264-2881.
New Staff at INFOTERRA WKtKttKKKKKKKtKM
The INFOTERRA/USA unit has a few new faces this month: Beth Behrendt
(contractor), is now the head of the team. Lara Wiggert, Kerith McFadden,
Felicity Haliar, Jill Mottorn, and Mardisia Greene (contractors) make up the rest
of the team. If you want to inquire about international environmental information,
contact INFOTERRA at (202) 260-5917, or send them a fax at (202) 260-5153.
12

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
Around the Network (Continued)
Electronic Rules and Comments in the Air (Docket)
Tips for using the ERA Service
with DIALOG
The Air and Radiation Docket is participating in the White House test pilot of
electronic comments submission. On August 25, 1994, EPA was the first agency
in the federal government to place a rulemaking out onto the Internet, when the
Office of Air and Radiation made the Indian Tribal rule available. Public
comments may now be submitted electronically using instructions published in
the Federal Register notice announcing the rule. If you would like to learn more
about this pilot project, contact Joe Moeltner (contractor) at (202) 260-3036.
ACCESS EPA Online Updated
ACCESS EPA staff have updated the online version of the directory to
correspond with the 1993 printed edition. In fact, the online versions of the
"Library and Information Services" and "Records Management Programs"
chapters now contain newer information than that printed in the 1993 edition.
Beginning this fall, the online version will be updated continuously so that the
most recent information will be readily available to the public through OLS. If
you have questions about the ACCESS EPA project, contact Michel Lingenfelter
(contractor) at (202) 260-2049.
CRL-Annapolis Library Supports Team Building Initiative
The CRL-Annapolis Library is developing a Human Resources Development
Collection to aid CRL staff with the new management directive toward team
building. Materials will be added on an ongoing basis, through the joint efforts of
EPA and library staff. Lauren Skinner (contractor) can tell you more about this
new collection if you call her at (410) 573-2799.
HQ Library Participating in Ecoindex Project
The EPA Headquarters Library is working on a bibliography project, Ecoindex,
with the Program Systems Division (PSD) of the Office of Information Resources
Management. PSD plans to make selected material on ecosystem management
widely available to EPA employees around the country with the thought of
perhaps eventually making it available to the public as well. Although they may
eventually build a database, the first step has been to simply download a
bibliography, with abstracts, from DIALOG'S file 40, Enviroline. They are
investigating the possibility of using DIALOG'S Electronic Redistribution and
Archiving (ERA) Service to archive the information. In addition, the Library will
develop a small collection of materials cited in the database and ecosystem-
related journals for onsite use. The Library has been acquiring copies of the
articles cited in the bibliography. PSD intends to sort the 40 plus items into
categories and distribute the bibliography on disk to the EPA libraries,
encouraging them to distribute it further.
Over 250 of DIALOG'S databases are
part of their ERA (Electronic
Archiving and Redistribution) service,
and a list of those covered can readily
be obtained by typing HELP ERA at
the DIALOG ? prompt. The procedure
for adding ERA charges to your
database search is also extremely
simple, using only three commands
(COPIES , REDIST
, and ARCHIVE 
in conjunction with the PRINT
command commonly used to order
offline prints. The PRINT CANCEL
function is also available in case you
wish to estimate costs before
committing to ERA charges.
(Remember that any prints you don't
want must be cancelled within 30
minutes, as you will be charged for
after that time for those you have
ordered.)
DIALOG also publishes a brief
guide and a Quick Reference Card to
the ERA Service. Contact them at 1-
800-334-2564 for a copy. ¦
Is the Network Complying from page 1
is currently dealing with solutions to
issues raised by the evolution of access
to electronic information.
We hope this issue will provide you
with a basic understanding of the
copyright law and its application to EPA
library projects. It should also provide
some use as a reference source for
future questions on this topic. The space
limitations of this format precluded an
involved discussion of all the facets of
copyright, and we decided to save those
for some future issue of INFO ACCESS. ¦
13

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
Follow-Up to New WordPerfect Office Mail Group for Library Patrons
by Jeannie Combest, Information Resources Management Division (IRMD), Cincinnati
The AWBERC Library kicked-off the
WP Office Mail Group Newsletter in
September. The distribution list
consists of 85 people, and as word
spreads, more names are being added.
All the comments we have received so
far have been very positive. It is a
great way to get information out to the
users, in a timely manner, and support
the EPA's paperless office concept.
Highlights of past issues have
included: informing the library users
of the library furniture move;
introduction of new library staff;
listing recent book and report
acquisitions; and announcing the
Library weeding project that began in
October. In every issue there is a
special section covering
environmental-related information
sources available on the Internet.
The newsletter allows the library to
emphasize and support local EPA
activities that may not be library
specific. For example, recently we
reminded the users about the HIV/
AIDS Awareness Initiative and
informed them of the special reference
collection the library is currently
developing on HIV/AIDS related
information. The last issue also
highlighted the 2nd Annual Records
Awareness Week which included
tours of the record storage area and
on-line demonstrations of the EPA
Records Control Schedules.
The newsletter is distributed bi-
weekly and we plan on using the
newsletter to keep library users
informed of future projects such as the
automated circulation system. Since
this new system will affect everyone,
we want the users to know what to
expect before the new policies and
procedures are implemented. It is a
excellent way for the library to be
proactive!
Using DIALOG'S from page 12
and/or phone number of the person or
persons who are actually authorized to
give that clearance. (One also suspects
that since many database producers do
a substantial amount of business with
the Federal Government, they may be
hesitant to say 'no' to a customer.) In
absence of firm permissions from any
database producer, the Risk
Bibliography was put 'on hold'
pending further review of the situation.
About this time, DIALOG
Information Services introduced a
unique new program for the
information industry known as ERA
(Electronic Redistribution and
Archiving). Through the use of the
ERA service, a searcher can 'buy'
clearance to redistribute the results of
database searches for up to 500
individuals in his or her immediate
organization (depending on the
database). In addition, electronic
archiving is available for DIALOG
searches in some databases. This
means, for example, that clearance can
be obtained to copy a database search
in electronic format onto a LAN and
allow access to 200 users.
A review of the databases used as
source material for the Risk
Bibliography showed that most of them
were covered for redistribution under
the ERA service. We ran searches for
the latest citations available for Risk
Assessment, Risk Management, and
Risk Communication and then set up a
preliminary search (or 'dry print run')
for costing purposes. This preliminary
search allowed us to give the Library's
Project Officer a much more precise
estimate of database costs and
copyright clearance costs that would
have been possible previously. The
search results and the pricing figures
were captured to a file on the PC and
printed out for the Project Officer's
review. (Needless to say, we
remembered always to CANCEL each
search before going on to the next one
to avoid a substantial bill from
DIALOG!)
Once the approval to proceed with
the Bibliography had been given by
our Project Officer, the rest was easy!
Now we were able to re-run our
searches and then add ERA charges for
200 copies of each database search.
The searches were then sent to us via
ALL-IN-1 email, where they could be
downloaded and compiled into the
Risk Bibliography. Downloading the
citations, stripping out extraneous
header information (with the aid of
several dozen Wordperfect 5.1
macros!) and sorting the citations took
a little more than three weeks from
preliminary searches to finished draft.
With a little more revision and pending
final approval, the latest edition of Risk
Assessment, Management,
Communication: A Guide to Selected
Sources should be going out to 200
lucky EPA staffers, Libraries, and
other Offices by the end of the year. ¦
14

-------
INFO ACCESS ¦ NOVEMBER 1994
Fundamental
Principles of
Copyright
During November 1993,
representatives from the Special
Libraries Association, the American
Association of Law Libraries, the
Association of Research Libraries,
Medical Library Association, the
Coalition for Networked Information,
and the American Library Association
testified before the working group on
intellectual property of the Information
Policy Committee of the National
Information Infrastructure Task Force.
There was broad agreement on the
following fundamental principles:
¦	The basic purpose of copyright under
the U.S. Constitution is to promote
the public interest by encouraging
ithe advancement of knowledge
through a system of limited rights for
owners of intellectual property.
¦	Intellectual property rights and
protections are independent of the
form ofpublication or distribution.
¦	The intellectual property system
should ensure a fair and equitable
balance between rights of copyright
owners and the needs of users.
¦	Fair use and other limitations on the
rights of copyright owners should
continue in the electronic
environment.
¦	Compensation systems must provide
a fair and reasonable return to
copyright owners.
From "Copyright Corner," by Sarah
K. Winant, Chair of SLA's Copyright
Law Implementation Committee,
Specialist, March 1993, p.6. ¦
Lou Tilley Retires
in Chicago
At the end of September, Lou Tilley
retired after many years of devoted
service to the Regional library. Lou
came to EPA's Chicago office in
January 1972 and established the
Region 5 Library. Over the years
she developed the library, moved it
three times, and became a great
resource to the Libraiy Network and
the Regional EPA staff. She will be
missed not only as a tremendous
source of information, but also as
someone who set a high standard
for EPA librarians to follow.
Penny Boyle (contractor) moved in
to the position of Head Librarian
when Lou retired. Patti Krause, a
long-time employee in Region 5's
Office of Public Affairs, is serving
as the Library Manager until the
permanent position is filled. If you
have library matters not appropriate
for the contract staff, please bring
them to Patti's attention. We miss
you already, Lou!
Tip of the Hat
An Unsung Hero in Our Midst
Barbara Morrison, EPA's Law
Librarian, recently received a 1994
"Unsung Hero Award" from the Law
Librarians Society of the District of
Columbia, for service to the
community above and beyond the call
of duty. Barbara was recognized as a
professional who "works tirelessly
every day serving her library users,"
and who "enriches the library
community as a whole by her
commitment to service."
Congratulations, Barbara!
Welcome to the Network!
There are a few more new faces and
voices in the network this month:
¦	Sandra Isaacson (contractor) is the
new Regional Librarian in Kansas
City.
¦	Gerry Kamen (contractor) has
stepped in at the Pollution
Prevention Resources Center in
Region 9 while Karen Sundheim
(contractor) takes a leave of
absence. ¦

Statute of Queen Anne
Intellectual property in general and copyright in particular have been part of
the English and American legal tradition since the Statute of Anne in 1710.
Full title: A Bill for the Encouragement of Learning, by Vesting
the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of
Such Copies
The Statute of Queen Anne was the first English copyright
statute. Although its original purpose was to control the press, it
came to be viewed as a device to protect the interests of the
publisher and the author. It also created an economic incentive to
write and publish.
— taken from Intellectual Property Issues in the Library Network Context,
1989
15

-------