United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air
Quality Planning
And Standards
EPA 450/N-93-093
Volume 3 No. 3 1993
yyEPA AMTIC News
Ambient Monitoring Technology
Information Center
EPA'S Saturation Monitor Repository
EPA encourages State and local air pollution control agencies to
conduct short-term, multi-site pollutant monitoring studies using a
technique known as saturation monitoring. Satura-
tion monitors are non-reference method, small, por-
table samplers which are easy to site. Because they
are relatively inexpensive, it is possible to "saturate"
an area with these monitors to assess air quality in
areas where high concentrations of pollutants are
possible. This information can be used to help air
pollution control agencies evaluate their monitoring
networks consistent with Title 40, Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 58 (40 CFR 58) regulations which
require annual network review and approval by
EPA. Saturation monitoring may also be conducted
to characterize the spatial distribution of pollutant
concentrations or to evaluate the contributions of
sources in support of receptor modeling.
In order to facilitate and encourage the use of
saturation monitoring studies, the EPA has estab-
lished the Saturation Monitor Repository (SMR).
Upon request, the SMR will provide a number of
services related to the conduct of saturation monitor-
ing field studies. Initially, the SMR will support PM-
10 and lead saturation monitoring studies, but may
expand to support other criteria pollutants.
Generally, the following agencies or organizations are eligible to
use the resources of the SMR: EPA's Office of Research and Devel-
opment (ORD), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(O AQPS), EPA Regional Offices, State and local air pollution control
agencies, and non-profit environmental research groups under con-
tract to EPA or State or local air pollution control agencies. A request
for services will be considered on a case-by-case basis by the Satura-
tion Monitoring Advisory Committee (SMAC). The committee has
oversight of the SMR and is comprised of personnel from both ORD
and OAQPS.
In order to increase its inventory and to promote the use of
standardized state-of-the-art equipment on a national basis, the SMR
invites all agencies which own older saturation samplers to become
partners in the SMR by sending their samplers to the SMR for
upgrading. The SMR retains one out of every six samplers sent in by
an agency to help offset the cost of the upgrade. The SMR then lends
these samplers to agencies which have no samplers of their own as well
as to agencies that have participated in the upgrade initiative.
The current state-of-the-art saturation sampler is much improved
over earlier models and should be used in any future studies. By
participating in this sampler upgrade initiative, agencies will receive
the benefits of superior equipment and help promote the use of
standardized state-of-the-art equipment nationally, all at a minimal
cost to the agency. Should these partnership agencies need any of the
support services of the SMR, their requests will receive a higher
priority than agencies which do not become partners in the SMR.
Requests for equipment loans will be considered and priori-
tized by the SMAC according to the following criteria: partici-
pation in the monitor upgrade initiative, the amount and type of
assistance requested, available resources, and the general appli-
cability of the study results to other areas. Requests from eligible
agencies which do not own saturation monitors, and therefore
cannot participate in the monitor upgrade initiative, will be
considered by the SMAC according to listed criteria. Requests
from agencies which can, but choose not to, participate in the
monitor upgrade initiative will receive the lowest priority.
Upon approval from the SMAC, the SMR will provide any
or all of the following equipment and services related to the
operation of saturation monitoring field studies:
Saturation Sampler
Saturation monitors
Equipment preparation and shipping
Equipment return
Sampling accessories
Filter analysis
Site selection/study design/training
Reports
(continued on page 4)
IN THIS ISSUE
IMPROVE Monitoring Update 2
Passive Sampling Devices Study 2
PAMS Instrumentation Requirements 3
International Perspective .4
1993-1994 NMOC Program Update 5
Regional Corner 6
Upcoming Courses 6
Open Path Air Monitoring Study 7
Equivalency Status 7
ENCOURAGING THE EXCHANGE OF AMBIENT MONITORING TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION
Recycled/Recyclable
O) Printed with Soy/Canola Ink on paper that
contains at least 50% recycled fiber
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No. 3 1993
AMTTC News
Page 2
IMPROVE Monitoring Update
Preliminary data collection statistics for the Spring 1993 season
(March - May 1993) are as follows:
Data Tvoe Collection Percentage
Aerosol Data 98%
Optical (transmissometer) Data 88%
Scene (photographic) Data 81 %
Figure 1 is a map of the current IMPROVE and IMPROVE Protocol
sites including the newly installed CASTNet sites. The CASTNet
program has adopted IMPROVE optical and scene monitoring proto-
cols, but is using different aerosol monitoring techniques.
Network changes in the last quarter included the installation of
NGN-2 ambient nephelometers at Jarbridge Wilderness, Edwin B.
Forsythe Wildlife Refuge, Great Smoky Mountains National Park,
Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Dolly Sods Wilderness, and Acadia
National Park. Nephelometers were scheduled for installation at
Crater Lake National Park and Lye Brook Wilderness by August 31,
1993.
Aerosol data for the Fall 1992 season are complete, and seasonal
summaries have been submitted to the National Park Service. Analy-
ses of Winter and Spring 1993 data are underway. The recovery rate
of aerosol data for the Spring 1993 season was 98 percent, the highest
to date.
The 1992 annual visibility report (including scene collection
statistics for the Spring 1992 through Winter 1993 seasons) was
delivered in May 1993. An effort is now underway to reprocess and
replot all IMPROVE transmissometer data from December 1987
through May 1993 to incorporate newly-refined lamp drift correction
factors. A comprehensive data report was to have been delivered by
July 31,1993.
This information is provided by the Interagency Monitoring of Pro-
tected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) Steering Committee.
Study Shows Passive
Sampling Devices Cost-
Effective Alternatives for
Remote Monitoring
A one year EPA monitoring study of passive sampling devices
(PSDs) as simple and cost-effective ambient monitoring samplers for
remote sites demonstrated excellent agreement with real-time moni-
tors. The 1991-1992 study consisted of a field evaluation of the PSDs
at a National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN) site in Prince Edward,
Virginia. The evaluation compared PSDs for ozone and sulfur dioxide
(S02) with the current NDDN methods for these pollutants. Annular
denuder samplers (ADSs) with filter packs were used for particulate
sulfate, nitrate, and nitric acid because PSDs currently cannot collect
these pollutants. Weekly time weighted averages for the ozone PSDs
were compared to a real-time ozone analyzer, and the S02 PSDs were
compared to the NDDN S02 filter pack and to the S02 obtained by
heated and unheated ADSs. Data from this study were presented atthe
May 1992 EPA/AWMA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and
Related Air Pollutants in Durham, North Carolina. The weekly ozone
PSD data were within +/- lOpercent of the real-time ozone analyzer for
the entire year. The data results were very encouraging since the
original goal was to agree within +/- 20 percent. In addition, the S02
PSD data correlated very well with both the ADS and NDDN filter
pack SOz data. Also, it appeared that heating the ADS filter pack was
unnecessary, at least under the climatological conditions at the Prince
Edward site. Data from the Prince Edward study indicate that PSDs
can be used to lower the cost of sampling for these pollutants and to
obtain valid data at sites where no power is available.
Because of the excellent agreement obtained at the Prince Edward
site, EPA as part of its CASTNet program funded a more intensive,
extended evaluation at four different NDDN sites across the country.
The sites (Candor, North Carolina; Vincennes, Indiana; Erie, Pennsyl-
vania; and Grand Canyon, Arizona) were selected because of their
differences in climate and in pollution levels. The four-site study,
which began in October 1992, will continue through September 1994.
Monitoring will be discontinued from November 1993 through March
1994 because of relatively low concentrations during cold weather.
The study is basically the same as the Prince Edward study except that
samples are collected biweekly rather than weekly. Also, acid sulfate
data are collected using non-destructive infrared (IR) techniques on a
new filter pack design.
AlthoughNOandN02arenotcurrently being measured at NDDN
sites, EPA tested the Ogawa PSD for NO andN02 at the Prince Edward
site and found that the Ogawa samplers could measure concentrations
for these pollutants in the range of 2 to 10 parts per billion with good
precision. Based on these results, monitoring for NO and N02 using
the OgawaPSDs is being conducted at the four NDDN sites. PSDs for
HN03, HONO, and NH, are also desirable, and plans are underway for
developing PSDs for these compounds.
For more information on this study, contact James D, Mulik, U.S.
EPA, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory,
AmbientMethodsBranch(MD-14),RTP,NC27711, (919)541-3067.
»•
I
HAWAII
• IMPROVE Sim
X IMPROVB Protocol Sites
• BLM Sites
+ NESCAUM Sitw
• TfthooSitef
o CASTNet Sites
ALASKA
Figure 1. IMPROVE and IMPROVE Protocol Sites
July 1993
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Page 3
AMTIC News
No. 3 1993
PAMS
INSTRUMENTATION
REQUIREMENTS
On February 12, 1993, EPA promul-
gated final ambient air quality surveillance
rules in Title 40, Code of Federal Regula-
tions, Part 58. These rules require enhanced
monitoring of ozone and its precursors, in-
cluding oxides of nitrogen and volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOCs) as well as meteo-
rological parameters. Both volatile hydro-
carbonsand carbonyl (CHO)-containing com-
pounds are included in the target list for
VOCs. The stations required for enhanced
ozone monitoring are referred to as photo-
chemical assessment monitoring stations
(PAMS). The PAMS is expected to be the
most comprehensive information-gathering
system for ozone precursors yet attempted in
the United States. During operation, the
PAMS will involve independent sampling
and analysis by different State agencies with
performance evaluation standards coordinated
on a national level.
Anticipating mandatory monitoring ac-
tivity for PAMS, the EPA and different com-
mercial concerns have worked to provide
appropriate instrumentation. For VOCs, the
EPA has erriphasized the development of
automated gas chromatographs (autoGCs) as
well as the collection of samples in SUMMA
canisters with subsequent analysis. This ar-
ticle is about the autoGC systems. These
systems consist of several subsystems: an
inlet system from the ambient air, a water
management system, a concentrator for hy-
drocarbons, a gas chromatographic column,
and nonspecific detectors such as the flame
ionization detector (FID). Early versions of
an autoGC system used a single-stage con-
centrator with a single column, temperature
programming of the column from sub-ambi-
ent temperatures, and a controlled release of
liquid cryogen directly onto a tubular trap.
Accumulation of ice in the concentrator and
column was avoided by drying the air sample
with a Nafion dryer.
In 1988, Chrompack introduced an
autoGC wi th a two-stage concentrator, a single
column, and sub-ambienttemperature program-
ming. A Nafion dryer was also used. The first
stage of the concentrator was a solid adsorbent
trap cooled to sub-ambient temperatures in
order to retain the most volatile hydrocarbons.
A sample was thermally desorbed from the first
trap onto a "focusing" trap which was cooled
by the controlled release of liquid nitrogen.
The EPA altered the Chrompack system design
for ozone precursor monitoring and deployed
these autoGC systems at six sites in the EPA's
Atlanta Ozone Precursor Study in 1990 to
analyze C2 to Cl0 hydrocarbons. Based on the
experience and exposure gained in the Atlanta
study, interest in and development of autoGCs
expanded.
The Atlanta experience also indicated the
need for optimized system features such as the
elimination of liquid nitrogen use. The EPA
pursued alternative designs and, through an
agreement with EPA, Perkin Elmer, Ltd., de-
veloped an autoGC that- did not use liquid
cryogen for cooling the concentrator or for
reducing the GC oven temperature at the start
of the GC run. This system was designed
around an automated thermal desorber, Model
ATD-400, that incorporates a Peltier cooler to
condense and concentrate hydrocarbons. One
column separates the heavy hydrocarbons be-
fore diversion of the lightest compounds to a
second column for further separation. This
system was demonstrated by EPA during field
trials in the summer of 1992. Other commer-
cial concerns, including Entech, Graseby-
NuTech, Varian, and Chrompack, were also
introducing new and versatile autoGCs. A
demonstration of these systems in late summer
of 1992 established the viability of these sys-
tems and helped to ensure their wide use in
ozone precursor hydrocarbon monitoring.
The EPA's most recent methods develop-
ment efforts for autoGCs have been to design
and testa system with a two-stage concentrator.
The system uses a solid adsorbent concentrator
followed by a closed cycle, Sterling engine
cooler, both designed by XonTech. Dry purge
of the solid adsorbent is used instead of the
Nafion dryer; this avoids the loss of polar
VOCs that is inherent to the Nafion dryer.
Information on the prevalence of polar VOCs
is of future interest to EPA in understanding
ozone photochemistry.
Another autoGC concentrator, made by
Dynathcrm, uses no cold surfaces at all. In-
stead, this system uses a two-stage solid adsor-
bent trapping system operated at above-ambi-
ent temperatures. The primary trap is ther-
mally desorbed to a second trap where hydro-
carbons are focused into a smaller volume
before thermal desoiption onto a gas chro-
matographic column. A combination of
adsorbents has not yet been reported that will
allow capture of all C2 through C10 hydrocar-
bons, but one trap apparently traps all target
hydrocarbons with theexception of 25 percent
of acetylene.
Important features of autoGC systems
include the following:
• Water management to prevent column or
trap blockage
• Achievement of column-limited chroma-
tography
• Efficiency of collection and release from
concentrators
• Complete or nearly complete sampling
coverage during the entire sampling pe-
riod (usually one hour)
• Provisions for introduction of calibration
and performance evaluation standards
• Provisions for automated data storage,
retrieval and transmission; unattended op-
eration; automatic restart after power fail-
ure; and convenience of operation
Successful system design for each of
these components is important; however, the
water management and concentrator design
features are less well-developed and are re-
ceiving the most attention.
For additional information on PAMS in-
strumentation, contact William McClenny,
U.S. EPA, Ambient Methods Research Branch,
Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assess-
ment Laboratory (MD-44), RTP, NC 27711,
(919)541-3158.
Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
QUOTE CORNER
Quality assurance means different
things to different people: to the
scientist it means ensuring that data
are within allowable tolerances; to
the field operative it means that there
are nofootprintsjingerprints or bugs
on the filter - Anonymous.
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No. 3 1993
AMTIC News
Page 4
INTERNATIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Northern Bohemia Air Monitoring Study
The U.S. EPA, together with the Czech
and Slovak Federated Republic (CSFR), ini-
tiated a regional air pollution study in North-
em Bohemia. The study had three objectives:
1. To identify the principal sources of
health-threatening air pollutants in the region,
and then to identify a range of specific actions
to reduce risks to the population from these
pollutants.
2. To demonstrate how risk consider-
ations can be used to guide decisions about
environmental priorities, policies, and invest-
ments.
3. To build technical capabilities in these
countries for conducting air quality monitor-
ing and management programs.
Air quality samples obtained in the town
of Teplice (Northern Bohemia) and Prachatice
SMR (continued from page 1)
Saturation monitors are portable, bat-
tery-operated, non-reference method PM-10
monitors capable of taking a 24-hour unat-
tended sample on a filter. With the appropri-
ate filter and analysis technique, lead may also
be monitored.
Repository personnel will be available
(travel resources permitting) to assist local
agencies in study design, site selection and
operator training. Standard operating proce-
dures (SOPs) and quality assurance (QA)
procedures for the monitor will be provided.
If SMR personnel are unable to conduct train-
ing in person, every effort will be made to
provide training assistance via telephone. The
SMR plans to develop a training video which
could also be used by requesting agencies to
supplement SOPs and/or on-site training.
Standard QA operating procedures will
be followed during filter weighings and spe-
cies analysis if applicable. Field audits on the
(Southern Bohemia) by scientists from the
U.S. EPA's Atmospheric Research and Expo-
sure Assessment Laboratory (AREAL) and
from the Czech Ministries of Environment
and Health between October 1991 and Octo-
ber 1993 provide the database that is being
used to meet the study's three objectives.
Aerosol data from this study are being used to
determine the relative contribution of various
pollution sources to PM-10 mass loadings
with receptor models. These inferences are
based on detailed chemical analyses of trace
metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), and pesticides. These data, com-
bined with information from emission inven-
tories, are being used by the Czech Ministry of
the Environment to prioritize and plan emis-
sion control strategies.
The following instruments and measure-
ments were taken:
• The Versatile Air Pollution Sampler (V APS)
was used for fine particle mass, trace ele-
ments, inorganic anions, acidic gases, mor-
phology of fine and coarse particles, elemen-
tal and organic carbon, and PAHs.
• Hi-Vol samplers were used to collect aero-
sol samples for mutagenicity studies.
• Evacuated stainless steel canisters were
used for nonmethane hydrocarbons.
• Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
(CHMI) instruments were used for continu-
ous monitoring of S02, NO, N02, NOx, CO,
and dust (PM-10) at Teplice.
This program is a collaborative effort
between the U.S. EPA's Office of Research
and Development and the Czech Ministry of
Environment and Ministry of Hygiene. As
part of this project, Czech scientists were
provided sampling and analytical instrumen-
tation to collect and analyze gas and aerosol
air pollutants. They were also provided an
inexpensive dilution system to collect source
samples to obtain signatures of the major
emission sources in the Czech Republic.
Czech scientists visited the U.S. EPA's
AREAL where they were trained to operate
the sampling and analytical equipment pro-
vided by the Agency. They were also pro-
vided CMB-7 receptor modeling documen-
tation and were trained to use the software
with source and ambientdatacollected as part
of this project. The project should serve as a
model of technology transfer activities to
assist developing countries in addressing en-
vironmental air pollution problems in a fo-
cused, cost-effective manner.
For further information, please contact
Thomas Hartlage, U.S. EPA, AREAL (MD-
56),Research Triangle Park,NC27711,(919)
541-3008, or Joe Pinto, U.S. EPA, AREAL
(MD-47),ResearchTrianglePark,NC27711,
(919) 541-5575.
monitors may be performed if requested and
travel resources are available.
The SMR will provide a written report to
the agency involved of any analyses or other
activities performed by the Repository. The
agency involved will be responsible for vali-
dating any data against the original field data
forms.
The SMR will not perform any monitor-
ing-related services for other agencies unre-
lated to a specific study, such as upgrading or
maintenance of monitors, unless that agency
agrees to the one in six compensation formula
previously mentioned.
Since the inception of the repository in
the summer of 1992, there have been numer-
ous requests for samplers to be used in special
field studies: PM-10 emission factors in Wyo-
ming, lead monitoring around a point source,
a PM-10 source apportionment study around
the border of Imperial Valley, California and
Mexicali, Mexico, support during cleanup
following Hurricane Andrew in Florida, and
studies in New Jersey and South Dakota. In
addition, the repository has upgraded older
saturation samplers for the California Air
Resources Board. The SMR currently has 105
monitors available for loan. Though fitted for
PM-10 sampling, these monitors can easily be
fitted to sample for lead. Additionally, EPA
Region VI is donating 15 monitors and Re-
gion IX is donating 10 monitors fitted for CO
sampling. Once upgraded to state-of-the-art,
the CO monitors will also be available for
loan. The EPA encourages State and local
agencies to consider the SMR when planning
any future monitoring studies.
Requests for services must be in writing
and should be directed to the SMR Project
Officer: Mr. Thomas Lumpkin, U.S. EPA
(MD-76), RTP, NC 27711, (919) 541-3611.
For additional information, contact Thomas
Lumpkin or Gary Blais, U.S. EPA (MD-15),
RTP, NC 27711, (919)541-3223.
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PageS
AMTIC News
No. 3 1993
Response to EPA'S Call for Participation in
1993-1994 NMOC PROGRAM
The Nonmethane Organic Compound (NMOC) PROGRAM,
being coordinated by EPA with interested State and local air
pollution control agencies, is designed to provide input monitoring
data for those ozone areas designated as marginal or moderate that
are able to use the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA).
The NMOC PROGRAM consists of two base programs and several
optional programs which State and local agencies can elect to
participate in.
The NMOC base program includes 82 days of 3-hour weekday
canister sampling and analysis using EPA Compendium Method
TO-12 (for standard total organics). The Speciated NMOC
(SNMOC) base program includes all elements in the first program,
except that chemical speciation is substituted for Method TO-12.
Agencies participating in either of these base programs can also
participate in several optional programs. The Speciated NMOC
option requires participation in the NMOC base program. This
option includes 10 total analyses; analysis is by gas chromatography
(GC)/Dual-flame ionization detector (FID) for 77 target hydrocar-
bons plus the sum of all unidentified VOC. The 3-Hour Toxic and
3-Hour Carbonyl options require participation in either of the base
programs. The 3-Hour Toxic option includes 10 total analyses;
analysis is by GC/mass spectrometry (MS) for 38 target UATMP
compounds. The 3-Hour Carbonyl option includes 13 total analyses;
analysis is by TO-11.
Table 1 shows the locations of sites in the 1993 NMOC
PROGRAM. A total of 14 sites distributed among six States in the
United S tates and one city in Mexico are included in the PROGRAM.
The U.S. locations include one site in New York, two sites in New
Jersey, two sites in Pennsylvania, three sites in Alabama, and five
sites in Texas.
For additional information, contact Neil Berg, U.S. EPA (MD-
14), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, (919) 541-5520.
TABLE 1.1993-1994 NMOC PROGRAM SITES
Region
Number of
Sites
Site Locations
Basic Program
Options
NMOC
SNMOC
Speciated
NMOC
3-Hour
Toxics
3-Hour
Carbonyl
n
1
Long Island, NY
~
~
~
1
Newark, NJ
~
~
~
~
hi
1
Plain field, NJ
~
~
~
1
Bristol, PA
~
~
~
rv
Norristown, PA
~
~
~
VI
1
Birmingham, AL
~
~
1
Dallas, TX
~
1
Beaumont, TX
~
1
Houston, TX
~
1
Fort Worth, TX
~
1
EI Paso, TX
~
1
Juarez. Mexico
~
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No. 3 1993
AMTIC News
Page 6
I REGIONAL CORNER
-REGION Vm-
EPA's Region VIII, Environmental Services Division, and the Air
Monitoring Center, Utah Division of Air Quality (UDAQ), conducted
an ozone saturation monitoring study along the Utah Wasatch Front
included in Weber, Davis, Salt Lake, and Utah counties. Boundaries
of the study encompassed the Wasatch Front bench on the East; the
eastern shoreline of Utah Lake and the Great Salt Lake on the West; the
northern boundary of North Ogden, Weber County on the North; and
the southern boundary of Springville, Utah County on the South.
Based on regional wind patterns, monitoring focused on the eastern
portion of the study area. The objectives of the project were to
determine the locations of highest ozone impact along the Wasatch
Front, determine if the existing ozone monitors are properly located,
and identify any new areas needing a permanent ozone monitor.
A total of 69 sampling sites were included in the study, which used
the Ogawa Passive Sampling Device (PSD) to determine oxidation
rates. Samplers were exposed for 24-hour periods for seven sampling
days. The seven sampling days included three days in July, three days
in August, and one day in September. The samplers were enclosed in
rain shelters and exposed to the atmosphere prior to 10:00 a.m. each
sampling day. Two passive samplers were collocated at each of seven
existing SLAMS/NAMS sites, one exposed to ambient air and the
other sealed to serve as an unexposed filter blank. Duplicate samplers
were located at seven sampling sites. In addition, at a different site, two
samplers were collocated with one operating for 24 hours and the other
operating from 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.
For further information on this study, contact Marlin Helming,
U.S. EPA, Region VIII, 999 18th Street, Denver, Colorado 80202,
(303) 293-0967.
-REGION X -
EPA Region X'sEn vironmental Characterization Program (within
the Environmental Services Division) is conducting a method devel-
opment study for an inexpensive portable ozone sampler using the
current version of the saturation samplers previously developed for
PM-10, carbon monoxide, aldehydes, and lead sampling. The study is
a collaborative effort involving AREAL, EPA's Corvallis Experimen-
tal Research Laboratory (CERL), Oregon's Department of Environ-
mental Quality, and the Lane Regional Air Pollution Authority.
Method performance tests are being conducted in CERL's atmospheric
exposure chambers. The experiments have included tests of annular
denuder sampling systems (ADS), passive sampling devices (PSD),
and silica gel adsorption tubes. Tests involve select short-duration (1
to 2 hour) sampling intervals. Preliminary results show excellent
comparability of the ADS with the EPA reference ozone sampling
method. Refinement of the method should be complete early in 1994,
followed by a field trial during the summer of 1994. The method will
allow for better spatial and temporal characterizations of ozone im-
pacts to assess the representativeness of fixed station ozone monitoring
networks. It would also prove useful in testing the efficacy of various
remote sensing techniques.
Over the past several years, Region X has encouraged its States to
devote more attention to their meteorological monitoring programs.
The goal is to yield PSD-quality meteorological data for use in several
types of technical analyses, including evaluations of network represen-
tativeness and SIP-related dispersion modeling. This has been accom-
plished through the development and implementation of federally-
approved quality assurance plans for meteorological monitoring pro-
grams. The States of Washington and Oregon have been particularly
aggressive in implementing these requirements. For example, the
State of Washington currently operates eight PSD-quality meteoro-
logical monitoring stations.
For additional information, contact Jon Schweiss, U.S. EPA,
Region X, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98101, (206) 553-
1690, or Mike Letoumeau, (206) 553-1687.
Upcoming Courses
~ January 11-13,1994: Guidelines for Air Pollution Measurement Systems: The Principles of Ambient Air Monitoring for Criteria
Pollutants. New Orleans, Louisiana. Three Day Course. Fee-$650. Contact: AeroMet Engineering, Inc.; (314) 443-8052 or (314) 636-
6393.
~ February 8-10,1994: Guidelines for Air Pollution Measurement Systems: The Principles of Ambient Air Monitoring for Criteria
Pollutants. Las Vegas, Nevada. Three Day Course. Fee-$650. Contact: AeroMet Engineering, Inc.; (314)443-8052or (314) 636-6393.
~ March 8-10,1994: Guidelines for Air Pollution Measurement Systems: The Principles of Ambient Air Monitoring for Criteria
Pollutants. Louisville, Kentucky. Three Day Course. Fee-$650. Contact; AeroMet Engineering, Inc.; (314) 443-8052 or (314) 636-
6393.
~ April 17-19,1994: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Environment. Montreal, Quebec. Sponsored by ASTM. Contact:
Dorothy Savini, Symposia Operations, ASTM, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187; (215) 299-5400.
~ May 3-6,1994: Speciality Conference, Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants. Durham, NC. Sponsored by the Air
and Waste Management Association. Contact: Pam McCalla, AWMA, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230; (412)232-3444.
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Page 7
AMTIC News
No. 3 1993
Field Study Conducted of Open Path Differential
Optical Absorption Spectrometer
This summer, the EPA's Atmospheric
Research and Exposure Assessment Labora-
tory, Office of Air Quality Planning and Stan-
dards, and Region VI, in cooperation with the
Texas Air Control Board and the Houston
Regional Monitoring Corporation, conducted
a field study in Baytown, Texas of the open
path differential optical absorption spectrom-
eter (DOAS). The study included an exami-
nation of the operation systems of the DOAS
and will provide data for statistical analysis.
Three pollutants (ozone, sulfur dioxide, and
nitrogen dioxide) were measured with two
DOAS systems and two sets of reference/
equivalent point monitors. In addition to the
pollutant data, meteorological measurements
were taken which may be used in analyzing
the data.
The basic objectives of the study were as
follows:
1. Assess the feasibility and suitability of
the EPA draft siting criteria for open path
analyzers and identify any siting issues or
problems encountered which are not ad-
equately addressed in the draft criteria.
2. Test the appropriate calibration and
quality assurance procedures as included in the
draft monitoringtestingrequirements and those
recommended by the vendor.
3. Usingthepollutantandmeteorological
data, conduct a statistical comparison of the
DOAS and reference/equivalent monitor data
to examine the measurement variability be-
tween path-integrated values and point values.
For additional information on this study,
please contact Lee Ann Byrd, U.S. EPA,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(MD-14), Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27711, (919) 541-5367, or Frank
McElroy, Atmospheric Research and Expo-
sure Assessment Laboratory (MD-77), Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711,
(919) 541-2622.
New Reference Methods
EPA has designated another reference method for monitoring ambient concentrations of
carbon monoxide (CO). The new reference method for CO, designated on October 29,1993,
is an automated method (analyzer) identified as RFCA-1093-093, "Advanced Pollution
Instrumentation, Inc. Model 300 Gas Filter Correlation Carbon Monoxide Analyzer." This
analyzer utilizes the prescribed measurement principle for CO reference methods, non-
dispersive infrared photometry. Under its reference method designation, the analyzer may be
operated on any full scale range between 0-10 ppm and 0 - 50 ppm and at any temperature in
the range of 15° C to 35° C. The analyzer must be operated with dynamic zero and span
adjustment set to OFF and with a 5-micron TFE filter element installed in the filter assembly.
Options include zero/span valves, internal zero and span (IZS), rack-mount with slides, and RS-
232 interface with status outputs. The method is available from Advanced Pollution
Instrumentation, Inc., 8815 Production Avenue, San Diego, CA 92121-2219.
Equivalency Status
List of Designated Methods:
Last issue date: November 12,1993
Last general distribution: November 1993
Last designations: API Model 300 Gas Filter Correlation
Carbon Monoxide Analyzer
Methods designated to date:
TYPE
so2
no2
O3
CO
PHo
Pb
Toials
Reference
15
9
13
6
43
Equivalent
21
3
9
0
3
14
50
Totals
21
18
18
13
9
14
93
Pending Reference and Equivalent Method Applications:
Applications for reference or equivalent method determinations for the following ambient air monitoring instruments
are currently pending. Additional information on these methods may be obtained from the Methods Research and
Development Division, AREAL, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, (919) 541-2622.
Opsis AB
Opsis AB
Opsis AB
Horiba
Horiba
Lear Siegler
Lear Siegler
CSI
Furlund, Sweden
Furlund, Sweden
Furlund, Sweden
Irvine, CA
Irvine, CA
Englewood, CO
Englewood, CO
Austin, TX
Model AR 500
SO
Model AR 500
no2
Model AR 500
03
Model APNA-350E
NO,
Model APSA-350E
SO,
Model ML9811
°3
Model ML9812
°3
Model 5700
so,
-------
No. 3 1993
AMTIC News
Page 8
r
MONITORING AND REPORTS BRANCH
William F. Hunt, Chief
Pearline Scarborough
Vacant, Secretary
DATA ANALYSIS SECTION
Dr. Thomas Curran, Chief
Dr. Terence Fitz-Simons
Warren Freas
James Hemby
David Mintz
Barbara Parzygnat
Miki Wayland
V
MONITORING SECTION
Neil Frank, Chief
Neil Berg
Lee Ann Byrd
Geraldine Dorosz-Stargardt
Joe Elkins g
Ogden Gerald '»
Edward Hanks
Helen Hinton
David Lutz
George Manire
Linda Ferrell, Secretary
J
The AMTIC News is a quarterly pub-
lication of U.S .EPA's Ambient Moni-
toring Technology Information Cen-
ter (AMTIC). AMTIC is operated by
theOfficeof Air Quality Planning and
Standards through theTechnical Sup-
port Division in the Monitoring and
Reports Branch in Durham, NC. Pub-
lication of the news bulletin does not
reflect the views and policies of the
U.S. EPA, nor does the mention of
trade names or commercial products
constituteendorsementor recommen-
dation for use. Articles are encour-
aged and should be submitted to the
following address for consideration in
future issues:
U.S. EPA, AMTIC, OAQPS,
TSD/MRB (MD-14),
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27711
Editor, Joe Elkins
SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
AMTIC, OAQPS, TSD/MRB (MD-14)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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