c/EPA
HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS
BOILERS AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACES
UPDATE #5
United States Environmental
Protection Agency
Region VIII			DENVER, COLORADO • JUNE 1996
INTRODUCTION
This is the fifth in a series of information updates
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) regarding proposed incineration activities in
Region VIII. These updates are developed with the
cooperation of state environmental agencies in Region
VIII. The purpose of these updates is to keep
interested parties informed of possible incineration
activity in their communities.
EPA PROPOSES NEW HAZARDOUS WASTE
COMBUSTION RULE
EPA's Draft Hazardous Waste Minimization and
imbustion Strategy (May 1993), the Agency made
_ commitment to (1) upgrade the emissions standards
for facilities which burn hazardous waste and (2)
emphasize minimization of the production of
hazardous waste. To fulfill this commitment, EPA
has proposed revised emissions standards to reduce
hazardous air pollutants. The proposed rule was
published in the Federal Register on April 19, 1996.
The rule applies to three types of facilities:
•	Hazardous waste incinerators are enclosed,
controlled flame combustion devices used primarily
to treat organic and/or aqueous wastes. As of
November 1994, there were 28 commercial
incinerators and 134 non-commercial incinerators
in the U.S.
•	Hazardous waste-burning cement kilns, which
receive hazardous waste to burn as fuel to run their
cement processes. As of November 1994, there
were 26 cement kilns in the U.S. burning
hazardous wastes on a commercial basis.
•	Hazardous waste-burning lightweight aggregate
kilns, which produce concrete products for
structural or thermal insulation purposes. As of
November 1994, there were seven lightweight
aggregate kilns burning hazardous waste in the
U.S.
These three types of facilities incinerate more than
80% of the total amount of hazardous waste burned
each year. The remaining 15-20% is burned in
industrial boilers and other types of industrial
furnaces.
The proposed standards would limit emissions of
some of EPA's top priority pollutants (see chart on
page 2 for numerical standards):
•	Dioxins and furans: These compounds have been
shown to be extremely toxic to many non-human
animal species and may cause cancer in humans.
They may also cause reproductive and immune
system disorders.
•	Cadmium and lead: These heavy metals tend to
. accumulate in the body with prolonged exposure,
and can be toxic at high concentrations. They can
produce other harmful effects (such as learning
disabilities in children) at lower concentrations.
•	Mercury: A heavy metal like cadmium and lead,
mercury can be toxic at high doses and tends to
accumulate in the body. The volatility of mercury
compounds causes easy dispersal over large areas.
•	Arsenic, beryllium, chromium, and antimony .-These
metals are poisons at high enough concentrations,
and can cause a variety of health effects. Arsenic,
beryllium and chromium can cause cancer.

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•	Particulate matter: Finely divided solids dispersed
in the air can be inhaled and become lodged in the
respiratory tract. This can cause severe health
effects in sensitive populations (e.g., people with
asthma or emphysema).
•	Acid gas emissions (,hydrochloric acid and
chlorine): When inhaled, these corrosive gases can
cause damage to the respiratory system.
•	Hydrocarbons: EPA's proposed standard is meant
to ensure high waste destruction efficiency.
•	Carbon monoxide: EPA's proposed standard
meant to ensure high waste destruction efficiency
PROPOSED STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS, CEMENT KILNS,
AND LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE KILNS
Hazardous Air
Pollutant (units)
Proposed Incinerator
Standards (Existing
and New Facilities)
Proposed Cement
Kiln Standards
(Existing and New
Facilities)
Proposed Light-
weight Aggregate
Kiln Standards
(Existing and New)
Current
Standard
Dioxin/Furans (ng TEQ/dscm)1
.2
.2
.2
None
Semi-Volatile Metals (SVM)
lead,cadmium (ug/dscm)2
270 existing
62 new
57 existing
55 new
12 existing
5.2 new
Specific to
each facility
Mercury (ug/dscm)2
50
50
72
Specific to
each facility
Low Volatility Metals (LVM)
(antimony, arsenic, beryllium,
chromium) (ug/dscm)2
210 existing
60 new
130 existing
44 new
340 existing
55 new
Specific to
each facility
Particulate Matter (PM) (gr/dscf)3
0.030 (equal to 69
mg/dscm)4
0.030 (equal to 69
mg/dscm)
0.030 (equal to 69
mg/dscm)
.08
Total Chlorine (HC1 + C12) ppm5
280 existing
67 new
630 existing
67 new
450 existing
62 new
Specific to
each facility
Hydrocarbons (HC) (ppmv)6
12
Main Stack 20
Bypass 6.7
14
20
Carbon Monoxide (CO) ppm
100 (1 hour rolling
average)
Main Stack NA
Bypass 100
100
100
'ng=nanogram (one billionth of a gram, 454 grams = 1 lb ), TEQ=Toxic Equivalent Standard (converts all forms of dioxins and furans into the equivalent weight
of the most toxic form of dioxin), dscm=dry standard cubic meter (indicates volume portion of standard) New standard is 2 of one billionth of a gram in a cubic
meter of air
2ug=microgram (one millionth of a gram) per dry standard cubic meter
3gr=grains (7,000 grains= 1 lb ), dscf=dry standard cubic foot New standard is 03 grains per cubic foot of air
4mg = milligram (one thousandth of a gram) per dry standard cubic meter
5HCl=hydrochlonc acid, CL2 = chlorine, ppm=parts per million
6ppmv=parts per million by volume
2

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The proposed standards are based on Maximum
Achievable Control Technologies (MACTs), as
""'lired by the Clean Air Act (CAA). MACT
icts the maximum degree of hazardous air
ution reduction that can be achieved, based on
current emissions control technologies.
The proposal would reduce the current exemption
from regulation for small quantity burners that burn
up to 2,000 gallons of hazardous waste per month.
The proposed rule would lower that figure so that
only those facilities that burn less than 27 gallons per
month would be exempt.
The rule has two key "common-sense" provisions:
•	It would fulfill the requirements of both the CAA
and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), thus eliminating dual monitoring,
compliance testing, and recordkeeping
requirements.
•	It would exclude from regulation those hazardous
wastes that have the same characteristics as fossil
uels, and that are burned instead of fossil fuels.
EPA believes that the proposed rule will create
significant incentives for waste minimization
(recycling and reducing the source of wastes). The
proposal specifically seeks to encourage facilities to
identify waste minimization to achieve compliance
with MACT standards or to achieve exclusion from
regulation. This is particularly pertinent in that
almost half of the hazardous waste burned each year
is combusted at on-site facilities (i.e., the same
facility at which the waste was generated).
Therefore, facility owners and operators have direct
control over their own waste generation.
For a copy of the proposed rule, call the toll-free
RCRA Hotline at 1-800-424-9346. The rule and
background support documents are also available on
the Internet: go to http://www.epa.gov or
gopher.epa.gov and then access "Offices and
Regions," "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response," and "Office of Solid Waste."
STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS AND
BOILERS & INDUSTRIAL FURNACES (BIFs) IN REGION VIII
OPERATING INCINERATORS:
UTAH
1. Aptus. Inc.. Tooele County. UT
Aptus is a commercial facility that has been
incinerating hazardous waste, including
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), since December
1991. Stack gas testing (trial burn) has been
conducted and the Trial Burn Report has been
approved by the State of Utah and EPA. Since the
State and EPA permits require additional stack gas
testing every two years, Aptus conducted an
additional stack gas test at the end of 1995. The test
report was submitted in March 1996 and is currently
under review.
USPCI Clive Incineration Facility. Tooele
County. UT
USPCI is a commercial facility that received approval
from the State of Utah and EPA in August 1994 to
begin incinerating hazardous waste, including PCBs,
on a limited (shakedown) basis. The trial burn test
was conducted in December 1995 through January
1996. The Trial Burn Report was submitted to the
State and EPA in May 1996, and is currently under
review.
3. United States Department of the Army. Tooele
Army Depot - South
The Tooele Chemical Demilitarization Facility
(TOCDF) is a nerve agent incineration facility that
will destroy stockpiled nerve agents stored at the
Tooele Army Depot. To date, trial burns have been
conducted using non-nerve agent (surrogate)
chemicals on TOCDF's two liquid incinerators,
deactivation furnace, and metal parts furnace. The
State of Utah and EPA are reviewing trial burn plans
for testing one of the liquid incinerators and the
deactivation furnace with the nerve agent GB.
Incineration of chemical agents, including agent trial
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burn testing, can begin only after the State and EPA
have approved the chemical agent trial burn plans and
other required plans and documentation. The Army
is currently projecting the start of agent operations
for July 1996.
4.	United States Department of the Army Tooele
Armv Depot - South: Chemical Agent Munitions
Disposal System (CAMPS)
CAMDS is a research facility currently treating nerve
agent waste that was stored at the Tooele Army
Depot. The facility has a Research, Demonstration,
and Development (RD&D) permit issued by the State
of Utah in May 1991. The State has recently
determined that the current RD&D permit will be
reissued to cover only non-incineration treatment
activities at CAMDS. A full RCRA permit will be
required for future incineration and storage activities;
the Army is currently preparing a RCRA permit
application.
5.	United States Department of the Armv Tooele
Armv Depot - North: Deactivation Furnace
The Deactivation Furnace destroys obsolete
ammunition and propellant that is stored at the
Tooele Army Depot. A trial burn test was conducted
in August 1993; as of August 1995, the Furnace has
been operating under final permit conditions.
COLORADO
6.	ECOVA (formerly Waste-Tech Services Inc.).
Golden
A permit was issued in February 1989 by the State of
Colorado for this facility. The small fluidized bed
research incinerator at this facility was closed under
a closure plan approved by the State in December
1995.
7.	Rockv Mountain Arsenal. Submerged Quench
Incinerator (SOD. Commerce Citv. CO
On July 10, 1995, the SQI completed treatment of all
10.9 million gallons of liquid waste formerly stored
at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal in a surface
impoundment called Basin F. Closure and
dismantling of the SQI was completed in the Fall of
1995, in accordance with a plan approved by EPA
and the State of Colorado.
PART B APPLICATIONS RECEIV1
(PROPOSED)
1.	United States Department of the Armv. Pueblo
Depot Activity
The Army has proposed building an incineration
facility that will destroy stockpiled mustard blister
agents stored at the Pueblo Depot Activity. The
Army submitted a revised permit application to EPA
and the State of Colorado in October 1995 to build
the facility. A human health risk assessment is
required as part of the permitting process. A plan
(Protocol) detailing how a human health risk
assessment of the facility would be conducted was
submitted to the State and EPA in August 1995. The
State and EPA have provided comments to the Army
on the Protocol and the Army is in the process of
revising it. The Army, the State, and EPA will
conduct a public workshop this summer in Pueblo on
the risk assessment process.
2.	Ash Grove Cement. Montana Citv. Montana
In October 1995 Ash Grove notified EPA and the
State of Montana that it was withdrawing its permit
application for the use of hazardous waste as a fuel
supplement in its cement kiln.
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If you have technical questions or questions related to Federal regulations, you may contact:
rl Daly, Regional Combustion Specialist
5. EPA, Region VIII
999 18th Street
Denver, Colorado 80202-2466
(303) 312-6416
You may also contact the following state representatives:
Colorado
Dave Waltz
Public Health Engineer
Hazardous Waste Control
Colorado Dept. of Public
Health and Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Dr. So.
Denver, CO 80222
(303) 692-3360
North Dakota
Neil Knatterud
Acting Director
Waste Management
Department of Health
00 Missouri Avenue
iom 302
imarck, ND 58520
(701) 221-5166
Utah
Rick Page
Environmental Engineer
Utah Department of
Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 144880
Salt Lake City, UT
(801) 538-6170
84114-4880
Montana
Richard Knatterud
Environmental Specialist
Department of Health
and Environmental Sciences
836 Front Street
Helena, MT 59620
(406) 444-1430
South Dakota
Vonnie Kallemeyn
Natural Resources Program
Scientist
Department of Environment
& Natural Resources
Office of Waste Management
319 South Coteau
Pierre, SD 57501
(605) 773-3153
Wyoming
David Finley
Administrator
Solid and Hazardous Waste
Division
Wyoming Dept. of
Environmental Quality
Herschler Building
122 W. 25th
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307) 777-7938
If you would like general background information or
publications on incineration of hazardous waste, contact:
Harold Dunning
U.S. EPA Region VIII - OCPI
999 18th Street
Denver, Colorado 80202-2466
(303) 312-6633
LOCATION OF REPOSITORIES
General information, background publications and these updates
on incineration of hazardous waste have been placed at the
following locations and are available to the public:
•	Boone Town Hall, Boone, CO
•	Boulder Public Library, Boulder, CO
•	U.S. EPA Library, 999 18th Street, Denver, CO
•	Florence Public Library, Florence, CO
•	Colorado State University Library, Ft. Collins, CO
•	Mesa County Public Library,
Grand Junction, CO
•	McClelland Library and Barkman Branch Library,
Pueblo, CO
•	Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
•	Lewis & Clark County Library, Helena, MT
•	Marriott Library, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, UT
•	Tooele City Public Library, Tooele, UT
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EPA Region Vm
Hazardous Waste Incinerators
and
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
Incinerators
Aptus - Aragonite, UT
USPCI - Clive, UT
Tooele Deactivation Furnace - Tooele, UT
Chemical Agent Munitions
Disposal System (CAMDS) - Tooele, UT
Chemical Demilitarization Facility
~ (CDF) - Tooele, UT
1 Pueblo Depot - Pueblo, CO
Rocky Mountain Arsenal - Denver, CO
Waste Tech - Golden, CO
Ash Grove Cement Co.
Clancy, MT
Helena
t Lake
|H|* Denver
Tooele
V
• Pueb
Facility Status
Q EXISTING/OPERATING
^ EXISTING/NOT OPERATING
^ APPLICATION SUBMITTED
~ CLOSED/APPLICATION
WITHDRAWN

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MAILING LIST
EPA maintains a mailing list of people interested in incineration
activities in Region VIII. If you did not get this Update by mail
and want your name added to that mailing list, please fill out this
form and mail it to:
Harold Dunning
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - OCPI
999 Eighteenth Street
Denver, CO 80202-2466
(please print or type)
NAME 		
AFFILIATION (if any)	
ADDRESS	
CITY	STATE	 ZIP CODE
Please delete my name from the mailing list:	
Are you interested in a specific facility? 	No 	Yes
If yes, name/location of facility	
Note: Reuse/Recycle
Please pass this form on to someone you think would be interested in hazardous waste incineration if you do not wisn to use
the form at this time.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - OCPI
999 Eighteenth Street
Denver, CO 80202-2466
HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS
BOILERS AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACES
UPDATE #5

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