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BLUESTONE PROJECT
COLORADO
"CLEA1
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
SOUTHWEST REGION
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
DECEMBER 1969

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WATER QUALITY EVALUATION
OF THE
BLUESTONE PROJECT
COLORADO
An evaluation of the Bureau of Reclamation's proposed
Bluestone Project reveals that with adequate treat-
ment municipal, industrial, and other minor waste
loadings will not significantly affect water quality
for present and projected water uses in the Project
area. Therefore, no storage in Mt. Logan Reservoir
is needed to provide flow regulation for maintaining
satisfactory organic water quality in the Colorado
River. The use of Project water for irrigation, muni-
cipal, and industrial purposes will result in a 2.8
mg/1 increase annually in the total dissolved solids
concentration of the Colorado River at Lake Mead.
The economic impact of this salinity increase upon
¦water users below Lake Mead is estimated to be $112,000
annually, based on 1968 economic conditions. This
appraisal provides an estimate of the effect of
salinity increases resulting from the Project and
will be useful in evaluating and justifying control
measures for water quality improvement. Control
measures are recommended for incorporation into the
construction and development of the Project to mini-
mize the adverse effects of salinity.
U. S. Department of the Interior
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Pacific Southwest Region
San Francisco, California
December, 1969

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter	Page
LIST OF TABLES		ii
LIST OF FIGURES		ii
I. INTRODUCTION 		1
II. PROJECT IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY 		2
LOCAL ECONOMY		2
WATER SUPPLY		4
WATER USE		4
WASTE SOURCES		6
WATER QUALITY		7
ECONOMIC IMPACT 		10
III. WATER QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES 		11
STORAGE FOR STREAMFLOW REGULATION 		11
WASTE SOURCE CONTROL		12
IV. CONCLUSIONS		14
V. RECOMMENDATIONS		15
VI. REFERENCES CITED 	 16
i

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LIST OF TABLES
No.	Title	Page
I	Water Quality Data for the Colorado River near
Cameo, Colorado 	 9
LIST OF FIGURES
No.	Title	Page
1	Location Map of Proposed Bureau of Reclamation
Bluestone Project (page preceding back cover) 	 17
2	Effect of Water Use on Stream Water Quality 	 3
3	Present Modified Flow and Total Dissolved Solids
Concentration of the Colorado River near Cameo,
Colorado 	 5
ii

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1
I. INTRODUCTION
This water quality evaluation has been prepared for the Bureau of
Reclamation, Region 4, U. S. Department of the Interior, Salt Lake City,
Utah, for inclusion in their feasibility report for the Bluestone Pro-
ject, Colorado. The primary purposes of this evaluation are:
1.	To determine the need for and value of separable reservoir
storage for streamflow regulation to control water quality;
2.	To assess the overall impact of the proposed development on
water quality, both in and outside the Project area; and
3.	To recommend, where applicable, water quality control measures
for the project.
The evaluation was made of the effect of the Project now and in the
year 2010 in the Roan Creek drainage area in West Central Colorado and
in downstream areas of the Colorado River Basin.
t
This report has been prepared under the authority of and in accordance
with provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended
(33 U.S.C. 466 et seq.) and Executive Order 11288, dated July 2, 1966,
at the request of the Bureau of Reclamation. Section 3(b) of the Act
requires that consideration shall be given to inclusion of storage for
regulation of streamflow for the purpose of water quality control, except
that any such storage shall not be provided as a substitute for adequate
treatment or other methods of controlling waste at the source. Executive
Order 11288 clarifies the purpose of Section 11 of the Act. Section 1(7)
of the Executive Order requires consideration of water pollution control
needs in the initial stages of planning for each new installation or
project.
Basic data for this evaluation were supplied by the Grand Junction
Project Office, Region 4, Bureau of Reclamation. The assistance and
cooperation given by the Colorado Department of Public Health and the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service is also gratefully acknowledged.
The proposed Bluestone Project is located along the Colorado River and
a tributary, Roan Creek, in parts of Garfield and Mesa Counties in
West Central Colorado (see Figure 1). The Project will provide water
for irrigation, municipal and industrial (M&I), fishery, and recreational
purposes. Surplus flows of Roan Creek will be diverted to Mt. Logan
Reservoir. Water for irrigation will be released into the Mt. Logan
Canal for distribution to existing ditches. The Kobe Pumping Plant
will be constructed on the Colorado River to provide adjacent lands
a continued full supply through the Kobe Lateral. Roan Creek water
presently used on these lands will be available for exchange upstream.
Water will be pumped from the Colorado River to the Sharrard Park area.

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2
II. PROJECT IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY
In order to evaluate the impact of a water resources development pro-
ject on water quality, it is necessary to examine the various factors
that influence water quality. The economy and water supply in an area
affect the amount and type of water use. It is necessary to develop
data on the present and projected economy of the study area in order
to estimate future municipal and industrial use of project water and
the resulting waste loads. The same economic and demographic data may
also be useful in evaluating any water quality control measures incor-
porated into the project plan. The water use influences waste sources
and the quality of water downstream from the point of use-. Any change
in the quality of water has an economic impact on all downstream water
users.
The relationship between water use and water quality is illustrated
in Figure 2. Water is diverted by User 1 at "A" and the unused water
including wastes is returned to the stream at "B". The quality of
water at the next downstream diversion "C" is affected by the quality
of water at "A", the depletion of streamflow by User 1 and the quality
and quantity of water discharged at "B". Streamflow depletion by
User 1 affects quality at "C" by reducing the volume of streamflow
available for assimulation of wastes entering the stream in reach B-C.
LOCAL ECONOMY
Agriculture is the only significant economic activity in the project
area. Principal crops grown are alfalfa, barley, and pasture, as well
as some orchard crops such as cherries and apples. All of the potential
supplemental-service lands and the greater part of the full-service
lands are privately owned. The irrigable project area is held in 37
ownerships. No significant changes in the type of farming are expected
to result from the Project; however, better crop yields are expected on
supplemental-service land. This increase, along with crops on new
lands, should lead to expansion and stabilization of the livestock
industry as well as cash-crop farming.
Large reserves of oil shale are present in the region. Ten or more oil
companies own oil shale lands in the vicinity of the Project. One of
the prime requisites for the emergence of an oil shale industry is an
adequate water supply. One oil company has estimated that 6,200 acre-
feet (A.F.) of water would be required annually, with no return flow,
to support a plant with a production capacity of 50,000 barrels of shale
oil per day. This estimate does not include domestic and municipal
water requirements for the employees and their families, nor does it
include any water for the associated service population that would
accompany an oil shale industry.

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3
USER
water used
Man —Made Wastes
9.-
water used
USER
COLORADO RIVER BOHWEVILLE BASINS OFFICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Federal Water Pollution Control Adoioistratioo
SOUTHWEST REGION 	S«H PBMCISCO. CHLIF
Figure 2. Effect of Water Use on Stream Water Quality

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4
The present population of the Bluestone Project service area is about
500 people. Estimates of population increase due to oil shale develop-
ment vary considerably. Various published reports indicate that a popu-
lation increase of 400,000 people in western Colorado is conceivable by
the year 2020. The amount of water allocated for municipal use by the
Bluestone Project will support a population of 70,000 people based upon
a Bureau of Reclamation per-capita use assumption of 300 gallons per day.
Therefore, for purposes of estimating waste loadings, a population of
70,000 is forecasted in the Bluestone Project service area.
WATER SUPPLY
Water supply in the Project area is related to two streams: Roan Creek
and the Colorado River. Roan Creek, the source of water for the proposed
Mt. Logan Reservoir, originates in the Roan Plateau and has a reach of
about 30 miles before it enters the Colorado River. The Bureau's Project
operations study shows the annual flow of Roan Creek to be 34,100 A.F.
at the diversion point for the Mt. Logan Reservoir. The present (1966)
modified average annual flow of the Colorado River at Cameo, Colorado,
is 2,636,000 A.F.(l) which is representative of the flow past the Project
area. Transmountain diversions of about 450,000 A.F. are made upstream
from Cameo. The present modified average monthly and yearly dissolved
solids concentration and flow of the Colorado River at Cameo, Colorado,
are shown in Figure 3. The present modified flow of the Colorado River
at Hoover Dam is 10,291,000 A.F. The Project will deplete the Colorado
River by 23,900 A.F. resulting in an annual flow of 2,612,100 A.F. at
Cameo and 10,267,100 A.F. at Hoover Dam.
WATER USE
The natural flows of Roan Creek and its tributaries are used primarly
for irrigation. Alfalfa, small grain, and pasture are produced on
about 4,800 acres within the Project area. A marginal habitat for
trout exists in the upper ten miles of Roan Creek. The fish habitat
in the lower portion of Roan Creek is poor because much of the natural
streamflow is diverted for irrigation.
The only use of Colorado River water in the Project area is for a muni-
cipal supply for the town of DeBeque. The temperature of the Colorado
River in this area falls in the transition zone between cold-water and
warm-water fisheries and, therefore, the stream is not very satisfactory
for either. In addition, the turbidity of the river limits fish produc-
tivity.
Above the Project area, the main use of Colorado River water is for irri-
gation. The amount of water used for domestic, municipal, and industrial
purposes is small compared with the available supply. Between the
Project area and Lake Mead, Colorado River water is used primarily for

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YEARLY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP


E G E N D
FLOW
IDS VV^



Bi SBK NKi VCCC 9NK MN 9K
W\i9N
raraSNKNO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
FLOW in 1000 cfs — TOS in 100 mg/1
Voarl* & flonlhh A\rrages for ihe Years 1942 — 1966 from LSCS Data
Figure 3. Present Modified Flow & Total Dissolved Solids Concentration
of the Colorado River Near Cameo, Colorado

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6
irrigation in the Grand Valley Irrigation District, an important fruit-
producing area. Hydroelectric power generation at Glen Canyon Dam is
another major use. Below Lake Mead, Colorado River water is diverted
for irrigation, municipal, industrial, livestock, and hydroelectric power
generation uses with irrigation use being predominant.
The Project will supply annually 1,500 A.F. of irrigation water for
4,020 acres of presently irrigated land in the Roan Creek Valley. Of
this total acreage, 800 will receive a full supply while the remaining
3,220 will receive less than a full supply. About 500 A.F. will be sup-
plied by the Kobe Pumping Plant to lands presently receiving water from
Roan Creek. Sharrard Park will receive 2,700 A.F. of irrigation water
for full service to 750 acres of new land. Anticipated industrial and
municipal development (for oil shale) in the Sharrard Park area will
receive 55,000 A.F. from the Colorado River. Mt. Logan Reservoir will
supply 6,000 A.F. of municipal and industrial water to the Roan Creek
area. Thus, a total of 61,000 A.F. of M&I water will be provided, of
which 37,000 A.F. will be for industrial use and 24,000 A.F. for munici-
pal use.
The Project will have little effect on the fishery in either Roan Creek
or the Colorado River. The trout fishery of Roan Creek is mainly above
the point where water will be diverted to Mt. Logan Reservoir; however,
the reservoir is expected to provide a trout fishery.
WASTE SOURCES
The town of DeBeque produces the only domestic waste in the Project
area. Presently this waste is treated by individual septic tank facili-
ties and does not reach Roan Creek.
The sediment concentration of the Colorado River at Cameo is frequently
relatively high, which has an adverse effect on aquatic life as well as
municipal, industrial, and irrigation uses of the water.
Nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, heat, and radioactive substances
discharged to basin streams are emerging water quality problems in cer-
tain areas in the Colorado River Basin. However, these water quality
problems are not expected to be significant in the Project area.
Salinity (total dissolved solids) is the major water quality problem
in the Roan Creek area. Two factors associated with irrigation cause
stream salinity concentrations in the area to increase. First, water
is lost by evapotranspiration with no accompanying loss of salt, thereby
causing/ salinity concentrations to increase. The pickup of salts from
irrigated lands in excess of quantities required for maintaining a salt
balance is the second factor causing an increase in salinity.

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7
The present salt load in the Colorado River near Cameo originates from
natural sources and from activities of man, principally irrigation.
Two of the major natural sources are Dotsero and Glenwood Springs
(includes Yampa Spring), which together contribute approximately 500,000
tons of salt annually to the river system. These saline springs account
for about five percent of the salt load discharged into Lake Mead.
Future wastes in the Project area will result in an increase of the salt
load in the Colorado River system. W. V. Iorns^) estimated that in
the Project area irrigated lands will contribute five tons of salt per
acre to the river system. A study of the salt-load budget in the Roan
Creek Valley made by the Colorado River Basin Water Quality Control
Project shows that salts are not now being leached out of presently
irrigated lands. Lack of sufficient irrigation water throughout the
growing season has not permitted the application of required leaching
water. With a full supply of water, the salts should begin to leach
out. In estimating the TDS load caused by Project irrigation, it was
assumed that both new and supplemental lands receiving a full supply of
Project water will contribute five tons of salt per acre. This will
result in an additional 7,750 tons being added to the river system
annually. The Iorns report also states that a municipal water use will
add about 100 tons of salt annually per 1,000 population. Thus, with
a projected population of 70,000 in the Project area, 7,000 tons of salt
will be added to the river system. It is assumed that the oil shale
industry will use 37,000 A.F. of the 61,000 A.F. of project-supplied
water. The many complexities and uncertainties involved in the develop-
ment of an oil shale industry make it difficult to predict the salt
load from this source. Past studies have shown that each pound of
spent shale contains 0.00818 pounds of soluble salt^). with 100 per-
cent ctmtrol of saline waste, no salt will be added to the Colorado River.
Municipal water supplied by the Project is expected to support 70,000
people. The projected domestic waste load associated with this popula-
tion would be 2,100 pounds of the five-day 20° C. biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD5) per day. This loading is based upon the following assump-
tions: (1) each population equivalent contributes 0.20 pounds per day
of BOD5, and (2) the Project area will always have waste treatment
plants capable of removing 85 percent of BOD5.
The recreational use expected at Mt. Logan Reservoir is estimated to
be 50,000 recreation visits annually. This use constitutes a potential
pollution problem that, if not properly controlled, could create water
quality degradation both in the reservoir and in downstream reaches of
Roan Creak.
WATER QUALITY
The major characteristics which determine the suitability of water for
irrigation are the concentrations of total dissolved solids and boron,

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1
8
and the relative concentration of sodium to other cations (sodium adsorp-
tion ratio). Waters of both the Colorado River and Roan Creek have been
demonstrated by past use to be suitable for irrigation of crops presently
grown. However, mineral quality records for Roan Creek at the proposed
diversion point to Mt. Logan Reservoir are not adequate to determine
the quality of water that will be diverted to the reservoir. The sodium
adsorption ratio (SAR) of Colorado River water to be used by the
Project is within the tolerance limit of crops grown. Boron concentra-
tions are low and, therefore, have no effect on irrigated crops.
The average annual flow-weighted concentrations of several constituents
of Colorado River water that will be used in the Project area are shown
in Table I. Although the average annual TDS concentration shown in this
table is below the Public Health Service Drinking Water Standard (1962)
of 500 mg/1, the standard is exceeded eight months during the year
(Figure 3).
A pollution study in the Upper Colorado River Basin was conducted in 1966
by the Technical Advisory and Investigations (TA&I) Branch and the Colo-
rado River Basin Water Quality Control Project (CRBWQCP) of the FWPCA.
The study indicated that iron and manganese concentrations in the reach
of the Colorado River adjacent to the Project area consistently exceeded
the recommended Public Health Service drinking water standards. The
presence of these metals could increase treatment costs incurred by
domestic and industrial water users.
Other water quality parameters of the Colorado River near the Project
area studied by the TA&I Branch included dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and
fecal coliform bacteria. The D.O. averaged about 7.3 mg/1, whichf
exceeds the Colorado water quality standards. The geometric mean
fecal coliform density ranged from 60 to 520 most probable number <^N)
per 100 milliliters. This is well within the limits of the Colorado
water quality standards.
The minimum flow of the Colorado River at Sharrard Park required to
assimilate the projected municipal and domestic load after treatment is
300 cfs. This flow will allow a D.O. concentration of 6.0 mg/1 (Colorado
water quality standards) to be maintained in the stream. The lowest
flow recorded at the U. S. Geological Survey gaging station near Cameo,
Colorado, the station nearest the Project area, has been 700 cfs, which
is more than adequate to meet the minimum flow required for waste assimi-
lation.
Salinity is the water quality parameter of major importance outside the
Project area. The average annual present modified TDS concentrations
at Cameo, Lake Mead, and Imperial Dam are about 425, 734 and 838 mg/1,
respectively. The TDS concentrations at Lees Ferry on the Colorado River
and all points downstream presently exceed PHS recommended limits for
drinking water. Project development will cause an increase in these
salinity concentrations.

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Table I. Water Quality Data for the Colorado River
near Cameo, Colorado.!*/
Constituent
Concentration
(mg/l)
Calcium (Ca)
57
Magnesium (Mg)
13
Sodium (Na)
70
Potassium (K)
3
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
146
Chloride (CI)
93
Sulfate (SO4)
97
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
425b/
Hardness as CaC03
198
Nitrate (NO3)
1.9
Silica (S1O2)
11
a/ W. V. Iorns, C. H. Hembree, D. A. Phoenix, and G. L.
Oakland, "Water Resources of the Upper Colorado River
Basins - Basic Data," Geological Survey Professional
Paper 442, 1964.(4)
_b/ U. S. Department of the Interior, "Quality of Water,
Colorado River Basin," Progress Report No. 4, January,
1969. CD

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10
With 100 percent control of the oil shale salt load, the annual salinity
increase at Cameo will be 8 mg/1 of which 6 mg/1 and 2 mg/1 result from
M&I and irrigation water use, respectively. At Lake Mead, the annual
salinity increase will be 2.8 mg/1, of which 2.1 mg/1 and 0.7 mg/1
result from M&I and irrigation water use, respectively.
ECONOMIC IMPACT
The use of Project water in the Sharrard Park area will cause an
increase of about 6 mg/1 in the salinity of the Colorado River above
the Kobe Pumping Plant. However, since only 500 A.F. of water will
be diverted annually from the Colorado at the Kobe Pumping Plant, the
small increase in salinity at this location will have no significant
economic impact in the Project area.
The annual increase in TDS at Cameo of 8 mg/1 will have no significant
economic impact between the Project area and Lake Mead because (1) the
quantity of water used in this =zone is small, and (2) the magnitude
of this salinity increase in the range of mineral quality existing in
this reach of the river will have very little effect on beneficial uses.
However, the 2.8 mg/1 increase in salinity at Lake Mead resulting from
use of Project water has a detrimental effect to all Colorado River water
users below that point. Data developed by FWPCA's Colorado River Basin
Water Quality Control Project indicate that a 2.8 mg/1 annual salinity
increase at Lake Mead will result in an average annual equivalent
penalty cost of about $112,000. This figure is based on a 100-year
period of analysis, beginning in 1968, at 4.-7/8 percent interest rate.
These figures include only the direct effects upon agricultural,
municipal, and industrial water users below Hoover Dam.

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11
III. WATER QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES
The Colorado River Basin states have established water quality standards,
which have been adopted by the Secretary of the Interior. However, due
to the complexity of the salinity problem in the Colorado River Basin,
the establishment of numerical mineral quality criteria for the Basin's
interstate waters has been delayed until sufficient information is
available to assure that such standards will be equitable, workable,
and enforceable.(5) Nevertheless, according to the Assistant Secretary
for Water Pollution Control,^) "it is the intention of the Secretary
that the Department of the Interior and the states pursue active pro-
grams to lay the foundation for setting numerical criteria at some
future time. These programs should focus on devising and demonstrating
salinity control measures and finding ways to revise the legal and
institutional constraints that could impede the implementation and
enforcement of salinity standards."
In the interim before mineral quality standards are set and while
salinity control measures are being investigated, certain general guide-
lines have been formulatedC) for use in evaluating water resource
projects such as the Bluestone. These guidelines are summarized in
the following statements:
1.	Each proposed project must be examined for adverse effects
on water quality.
2.	State and Federal agencies must be made aware of the conse-
quences of project development to water quality deterioration
and of opportunities that may exist for better quality control
on each project. All practicable means must be employed to
prevent deterioration of existing mineral quality conditions.
3.	Each project feature must be analyzed and justified in accor-
dance with the principles outlined in Senate Document 97.
The information presented in this report has been developed to permit
the proper evaluation of the Bluestone Project in accordance with the
above guidelines.
STORAGE FOR STREAMFLOW REGULATION
Present and projected municipal, industrial, and rural organic waste
loads within and below the Project area can be controlled with adequate
treatment at the source. Thus, no storage in Mt. Logan Reservoir is
needed to provide flow regulation for maintaining satisfactory organic
water quality.

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1
12
Mineral water quality will be degraded as a consequence of irrigation,
municipal, and industrial uses served by water from this Project. This
degradation has no significant economic impact in the Project area or
between the Project area and Lake Mead. Therefore, no flow regulation
for mineral quality control to protect uses above Lake Mead is necessary.
Below Lake Mead, mineral quality deterioration will cause downstream
water users to suffer an annual economic loss estimated at $112,000,
which clearly indicates the need to incorporate all possible water
quality controls in the Project. The large volumes of water stored in
both Lake Powell and Lake Mead result in the releases from Lake Mead
being fairly uniform in mineral quality regardless of any seasonal
or annual fluctuations in flow and quality of the Colorado River and
its tributaries above the reservoirs. Therefore, any regulation of
flow achieved by storage of presently available water in Mt. Logan
Reservoir will not change the quality of water discharged from Hoover
Dam unless the volume of water stored in Lake Powell and Lake Mead
is drastically reduced.
In lieu of providing storage in Mt. Logan Reservoir for mineral quality
control of Project-induced salinity increases below Hoover Dam, other
salinity control measures within the Project area should be investi-
gated. Any such measures found feasible should be included in the
Project plan.
WASTE SOURCE CONTROL
Potential salinity control measures may be divided into two categories:
water phase and salt phase. The former comprises possibilities for
improving water quality by augmenting the water supply, while the lat-
ter includes prospects for improving water quality by reducing the
salt input.
Several water-phase control measures appear to have some merit. Phreato-
phyte eradication on Project lands and along canals and drains could
prevent loss of water and make more water available for dilution. It
should be recognized, however, that phreatophyte eradication may result
in loss of wildlife habitat and winter protection for cattle and sheep.
Conservation irrigation, the use of irrigation and cropping methods
that best fit a particular soil, slope, crop, and water supply, is
another measure which appears to offer possibilities for mineral quality
improvement.
Installing closed conveyance systems or lining ditches and canals may
result in higher delivery efficiencies and, consequently, improved water
quality. Proper land preparation by grading and leveling also con-
serves water.

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13
Potential salt-phase control measures include the careful selection of
land to be irrigated and the provision of better land drainage. Those
lands naturally high in alkaline or sodic salts should be eliminated
from consideration in favor of soils having low natural salt content.
The initial leaching of irrigated lands can be hastened by installation
of subsurface drainage systems adequately designed for salinity
control. With installation of such a drainage system,the salt load
over a number of years may be reduced.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, the Bureau of
Reclamation, and the Colorado River Basin states are developing a pro-
posed salinity control program. The objective of this program will be
to minimize future deterioration of the mineral quality of the
Basin's water supply.
In order to minimize water quality problems associated with Project
construction activities, the Bureau of Reclamation specifications
should contain clauses making it the responsibility of the contractor
to comply with all applicable federal, state, county, and local laws
concerning pollution of rivers and streams. This will require the
contractor to give careful attention to pollution problems such as
disposal of sanitary wastes and production of sediment during con-
struction .
It is anticipated that Mt. Logan Reservoir will provide diversified
recreational opportunities, such as picnicking, camping, fishing and
swimming, and boating. Recreational uses expected at the reservoir
are potential sources of pollution that, if not properly controlled,
could create local water quality problems both in the reservoir and
in downstream reaches of Roan Creek. Sanitary waste disposal systems
will be required at all recreational areas. In addition, facilities
to receive and treat the contents of boat-waste holding tanks and con-
tainers should be provided at appropriate locations. Provisions should
also be made to require that fuel-dispensing equipment on docks be
provided with safety features that will prevent the accidental discharge
of petroleum products to the reservoir. The essential features of waste
disposal facilities for recreational areas should be submitted to the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration in the early stages of
planning.

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14
IV. CONCLUSIONS
1.	No storage in Mt. Logan Reservoir is needed to provide flow
regulation for maintaining satisfactory organic water quality.
2.	The use of Project water in the Sharrard Park area will cause an
increase of about 6 mg/1 in the salinity of the Colorado above
the Kobe Pumping Plant. However, since only 500 A.F. of water
will be diverted annually from the Colorado at the Kobe Pumping
Plant, the small increase in salinity at this location will have
no significant economic impact in the Project area.
3.	Municipal, industrial, and irrigation uses supplied by the Project-
developed water will increase the salinity (total dissolved solids)
concentration in the Colorado River at Lake Mead by 2.8 mg/1. This
increase in salinity will result in an estimated direct average
annual equivalent penalty cost of $112,000.
4.	Regulation of flow achieved by storage of presently available water
in Mt. Logan Reservoir will not change the mineral quality of water
discharged from Hoover Dam unless the volume of water stored in
Lake Mead and Lake Powell is drastically reduced.
5.	Project construction activities and wastes generated by recreational
activities may cause water quality degradation in the Mt. Logan
Reservoir, the Colorado River, and Roan Creek unless adequate
water pollution control measures are provided.

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V. RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to prevent or minimize detrimental effects upon water quality,
it is recommended that:
1.	The best practicable water quality control measures be
incorporated into the construction and development of the
Project to minimize the adverse effects of salinity
associated with the Project on downstream water uses.
2.	The water-delivery contracts with oil shale industries that
will use Project water contain a clause requiring 100 per-
cent control of any salt-load wastes.
3.	Provisions be included in construction specifications to
assure that appropriate steps are taken by the contractor
during Project construction to protect the quality of Roan
Creek and the Colorado River.
4.	Definite measures be taken to insure adequate treatment and
disposal of wastes associated with recreational activities
at the proposed Mt. Logan Reservoir.

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16
VI. REFERENCES CITED
1.	U. S. Department of the Interior, "Quality of Water, Colorado River
Basin," Progress Report No. 4, January, 1969.
2.	W. V. Iorns, C. H. Hembree, and G. L. Oakland, "Water Resources
of the Upper Colorado River Basins - Technical Report," Geological
Survey Professional Paper 441, 1965.
3.	University of Colorado, Bureau of Economic Research, for FWPCA,
"Water Coefficients for the Mining Sectors of the Colorado River
Subbasins," July, 1965.
4.	W. V. Iorns, C. H. Hembree, D. A. Phoenix, and G. L. Oakland,
"Water Resources of the Upper Colorado River Basin - Basic Data,"
Geological Survey Professional Paper 442, 1964.
5.	Stewart L. Udall, Secretary of the Interior, statement before the
Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation, Committee on Interior
and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives on Colorado River
Basin Project Legislation, January 30, 1968.
6.	Frank C. DiLuzio, Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Water
Pollution Control, letter to the chairman, Technical Water Quality
Standards Committee for the Colorado River Basin States, February
12, 1968.
7.	Frank C. DiLuzio, Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Water
Pollution Control, remarks before the Pacific Southwest Region
Inter-Agency Committee, Las Vegas, Nevada, December 6, 1967.
GPO 8B8-6S3

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