U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY DIAMOND LAKE STUDIES - 1971 Progress Report No. 1 Working Paper #8 by William D. Sanville and Charles Powers National Eutrophication Research Program PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY An Associate Laboratory of National Environmental Research Center—Corvallis ------- DIAMOND LAKE STUDIES - 1971 Progress Report No. 1 Working Paper #8 by William D. Sanville and Charles Powers National Eutrophication Research Program National Eutrophication Research Program Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory National Environmental Research Center, Corvallis Environmental Protection Agency 200 SW 35th Street Corvallis, Oregon 97330 March 1973 ------- CONTENTS Page Introduction . . ........ 1 Methods and Materials . 2 Figure No. 1 - Map of Sampling Sites at Diamond Lake ... 3 Results • • • 4 Physical - Chemical 4 Temperature 4 Dissolved Oxygen . . 4 pH . . . . 4 Conductivity 4 Transparency ..... 5 Phosphorus 5 Nitrogen . 5 Carbon . 6 Alkalinity 6 Silica 6 Metal s . . . 6 Bottom Sediments 6 Figure 2 - Map of Bottom Sediment Transects 7 Biological. 8 Phytoplankton. 8 Aquatic Macrophytes. 8 Zooplankton 8 Figure 3 - Number of Phytoplankton 9 Figure 4 - Chlorophyll Concentration 10 Benthic Fauna 11 Discussion . 11 Bibliography . 13 Appendix 14 ------- CONTENTS Cont'd Pacje Table 1 Water Quality, Diamond Lake June 3, 1971 15 Table 2 Water Quality, Diamond Lake July 7, 1971. .... 16 Table 3 Water Quality, Diamond Lake August 3, 1971. ... 17 Table 4 Water Quality, Diamond Lake September 1, 1971 . . 18 Table 5 Water Quality, Diamond Lake September 27, 1971. . 18 Table 6 Water Quality, Diamond Lake October 7, 1971 ... 18 Table 7 Chemical Analysis of Diamond Lake Sediments ... 19 Table 8 Zooplankton Ratios Per Aliquot of Sample. .... 20 Table 9 Average Zooplankton Dry Weights .... 20 Table 10 Macrobenthos - Number of Organisms 21 Table 10 Macrobenthos - Number of Organisms (Continued). . 22 ------- INTRODUCTION Many of the mountain lakes in Oregon and Washington are subject to heavy recreational use during the non-winter months. Intensive human use frequently results in greatly increased nutrient flux to lakes with a consequent acceleration of eutrophication rates and degradation of water quality. The National Eutrophication Research Program (NERP) of the Environmental Protection Agency has undertaken research programs on- several recreational lakes located in Central Oregon's National Forest boundaries. One of these is Diamond Lake located in the Umpqua National Forest. Diamond Lake has received heavy recreational use and intensive fisheries management by the Oregon Game Commission for many years. The combination of accessibility, good fishing, rare scenery, extensive Forest Service campground, and lodge facilities has made the lake and its immediate environs one of the most heavily utilized recreational facilities in Oregon. A report issued by the U. S. Forest Service (Anonymous 1967) reported a total of 307,474 visitor days in 1965, and estimated an increase by 1970 to 502,000. National Forest Service campgrounds have been developed on the southeast, east, and northwest sides of Diamond Lake. The remainder of the west side is occupied by recreation residences, including a YMCA camp. A resort complex is located on the northeast corner of the lake. Prior to 1966, sewage disposal from these facilities was by means of septic tanks and pit toilets. In 1966, a project was undertaken to construct a sewage interceptor system and treatment facility which would serve the south and east sides of the lake. Wastes from the campgrounds, resort area, and a nearby trailer court would be intercepted and carried to treatment lagoons located outside the drainage basin of the lake. In 1971, collection of wastes from the east shore campgrounds was initiated. Effluent from the lodge, however, continued to be disposed through the existing septic tank system. The National Forest Service plans are to include the lodge complex in the interceptor system as soon as possible. One of the objectives of the National Eutrophication Research Program is to determine the effectiveness of various lake restoration techniques and procedures. The Diamond Lake waste interception program offered an excellent opportunity to observe the results of diverting algal growth stimulating nutrients from the lake, and to devise possible ancillary procedures if waste diversion alone proves to be less 1 ------- effective than desired. Yearly Progress Reports will be written to present the water quality data, evaluate changes that have occurred during the previous year and elucidate the results of any new studies. METHODS AND MATERIALS Limnological investigations of Diamond Lake were initiated on June 3, 1971, about one week after ice-out. Seven sampling stations (Fig. 1) were established, three on the central axis of the lake, and four around the periphery adjacent to the campgrounds, summer homes, and lodge. Water samples were collected at 5-meter depth intervals and the bottom of each station with a winch-mounted 9-liter PVC Van Dorn water sampling bottle. The samples were stored in the shade for a maximum of four hours before processing or were stabilized immediately. Dissolved oxygen samples were stabilized by addition of alkali-iodide- azide and manganese sulfate used in the azide modification of the Winkler dissolved oxygen determination method. Samples were taken to shore at four hour intervals for stabilization with mercuric chloride and nitric acid and for pH, conductivity, orthophosphorus, and dissolved oxygen determinations. The remaining chemical determinations were conducted at PNERL-Corvallis. All determinations followed standard EPA methodology (EPA 1971). Temperature and pH, when possible, were measured in situ. Temperature was measured at 1 meter intervals with a Whitney Model CTU-3 resistance thermometer.* A Beckman Electromate pH meter with a submersible Lazaran probe was used to measure in situ pH, and a Beckman combination electrode was used for measurements ashore. Conductivity was determined with a Beckman Model RC16B2 conductivity bridge. Transparency was measured with a 20 cm white secchi disc. Triplicate zooplankton vertical hauls were taken at the three deep stations with a 1 ft diameter #10 mesh plankton net which was lowered to the bottom of the lake and pulled slowly to the surface. The samples were stabilized in a 10 percent formalin solution. Phytoplankton samples were collected with a Van Dorn water sampling bottle at the surface and 5 m depth intervals and preserved in 3 percent formalin. These samples were later counted using a, Sedgewick-Rafter counting cell. A modification of the clump count (American Public Health Association 1965) was used. An average number of cells for all filamentous forms was determined and this was multiplied by the number of filaments to give a final cell number. Triplicate benthic samples were taken at each station with a Ponar grab, washed through a standard #30 mesh screen, and preserved in 10 percent formalin. * Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recoimiendation for use by the Environmental Protection Agency. 2 ------- DIAMOND LAKE Boat THIELSON VIEW 7M SUMMER HOMES 5M SILENT CR FIGURE 1 Boat Romp NORTH CENTER 9M Lotfgt LODGE 7M Spru<« Cr rorcwoifM Ct. CENT Bout Ramp XV PGROUND 1 MILE CONTOUHS IN FEET ------- Chlorophyll analyses were conducted on samples collected from each depth interval (Strickland and Parsons 1965). RESULTS Physical - Chemical Temperature Summer thermal stratification was observed the first week in July and continued until mid-September, when fall circulation occurred. A well-developed hypolimnion was found only at the center station (14m). The remaining stations were shallower and the thermocline, when present, extended to the bottom. Maximum surface temperature was 23.0°C on August 3.- Maximum hypolimnetic temperature recorded was 110C on September 1 (Tables 1-6). Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen began to decline in the deeper water immediately after the thermocline developed, reaching a minimum of 0.2 mg/1 at the bottom of the center station on September 1. Oxygen depletion also occurred at the bottom of both the north center and south center stations but minimum levels there were higher, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/1, respectively. Surface oxygen concentration remained stable throughout the summer (.8 mg/1). Surface percent oxygen saturation levels reached a high of 126 percent at the summer home station on September 7 but generally ayeraged 100-110 percent saturation. Percent saturation values below the thermocline were very low at the bottom of the center station but most of the locations remained in the general range of 80-100 percent (Tables 1-6). € The pH reached a surface maximum (pH 9) on September 1. Lowest values were recorded at the bottom of the deeper stations, where a minimum of 6.5 was observed at the center station on September 1. There was a general increase in pH at the surface and near-surface depths as the season progressed until onset of the fall circulation (Tables 1-6). Conductivity Surface conductivity values remained fairly constant throughout the season. The range of values was 30 to 36 ymho/cm, corrected to 25°C. Conductivity increased in the deeper stations in August and September, reaching a maximum of 37.5 )imho/cm (Tables 1-6). 4 ------- Transparency Secchi disc measurements varied from 1.8m (6 ft) to 7.6m (25 ft). The maximum occurred in August when algal density was generally low; the minimum occurred immediately after ice-out when a heavy phytoplankton (diatom) growth was present (Tables 1-6). Phosphorus Orthophosphate in the lake ranged from < 0.002 mg P/l to > 0.06 mg P/l. The > 0.06 P/l value resulted because insufficient sample was collected to conduct a second analysis after the phosphate concentrations exceeded the spectophotometric scale on the first analysis. Highest concentrations were found in the hypolimnion of the center station on August 3. Orthophosphate values of Silent Creek, the major inflowing tributary, were consistently greater than those in the lake, averaging about 0.05 mg P/l. In Lake Creek, the major outflowing tributary, concentrations were consistent with the surface values of the lake. Total phosphorus ranged from approximately 0.02 mg P/l at the surface to a maximum of 0.25 mg P/l in the hypolimnion. Surface total phosphorus decreased from June through August, June values averaging about 0.05 mg P/l, and August about 0.02 mg P/l. There was a considerable increase in total phosphorus in the hypolimnion with a maximum of 0.25 mg P/l at the center station in August. After fall circulation, the concentration from surface to bottom was uniformly 0.13 mg P/l. Silent Creek total phosphorus levels were consistently higher than those of the lake surface (after the June Lake maximum), averaging about 0.50 mg P/l. Lake Creek followed the pattern seen in the lake with a peak in June followed by decreasing concentrations during the summer (Tables 1-6). Nitrogen Nitrite remained below 0.002 mg N/1 for the entire summer. Nitrate was low, only exceeding 0.01 mg N/1 on a single occasion. Highest total Kjeldahl nitrogen occurred in June, averaging 0.8 mg N/1 and lowest values were observed in August, with an average of 0.4 mg N/1. The highest single value occurred in a surface sample collected at the campground in August. Concentrations rose again in September, reaching levels equivalent to those observed in June. Silent Creek total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were consistently lower than the lake, but Lake Creek values were similar. Ammonia concentrations were quite low, although an increase at the deeper stations occurred following the development of thermal stratification. Surface concentrations ranged from < 0.001 mg N/1 to 0.015 mg N/1. A maximum of 0.17 mg N/1 occurred at the bottom of the center station during August. Ammonia concentrations in Silent Creek were lower than those in 5 ------- the lake for the entire sampling period and Lake Creek was about the same as the lake (Tables 1-6). Carbon Total inorganic carbon remained relatively constant, varying from < 1 to 6 mg C/l. Some increase occurred in the deeper sections of the lake after the onset of thermal stratification. Total organic carbon was highest in June and declined thereafter. Total carbon ranged from 3 mg C/l to a maximum of 9 mg C/l. Concentrations remained about the same for June, July and August but a definite reduction occurred in September. Samples collected on September 27 suggested that values increased after fall circulation (Tables 1-6). Alkalinity Total alkalinity values were relatively constant during the summer, ranging between 16 and 23 mg/1 as CaC(h. Concentrations increased in the hypolimnion and returned to a relatively homogenous state after fall- circulation (Tables 1-6). Silica Soluble silica concentrations decreased after June and then remained relatively constant. Surface concentrations, in June, averaged about 15 mg Si/1 and decreased to approximately 9 mg Si/1 for the duration of the sampling season. Silica concentration apparently increased with depth. Silica near the bottom of the center station remained consistently higher than at the other stations, averaging about 12 mg Si/1. Concentrations at the center station during fall circulation (18 mg Si/1) were slightly higher than those in June (15 mg Si/1). Silent Creek silica values were much higher than the lake values, ranging from 35.0 to 38.5 mg Si/1. Lake Creek was similar to the lake and reflected the same seasonal decrease (Tables 1-6). Metals Metal values were very low. Calcium ranged from 1.7 to 2.9 mg Ca/1, magnesium from 0.9 to 1.1 mg Mg/.l, sodium from 2.4 to 3.2 mg Na/1 and potassium from 0.8 to 1.9 mg K/l (Tables 1-6). Bottom Sediments Four transects (Figure 2) were conducted on the lake to determine sediment types and sediment nutrient content. Detailed results of sediment analyses are shown in Table 7. Average percent dry weights of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron were 0.7, 0.97 0.052, and 0.16 respectively. The physical appearance of the sediment was relatively 6 ------- DIAMOND LAKE LM9« SpftKt Ct Boat Romp Short Cr. FIGURE 2 1 MILE CONTOURS IN FEET ------- uniform throughout the lake, a soft homogenous silt, except for the sandy near-shore zones, macrophyte beds, and areas near the lodge. The latter two locations contained considerable amounts of organic matter. Biological Phytoplankton Phytoplankton populations .declined after .the June sampling date (Figure 3) but increased dramatically once again in September. Maximum surface counts were about 3900 organisms per ml in June and 15,000 in late September. Minimum counts were approximately 50 organisms per ml and were encountered in early September. The June maximum consisted of about 50 percent pennate diatoms which disappeared by August. The late summer phytoplankton populations were dominated by blue-green algae with coccoid and filamentous forms predominating during early and late August respectively, the filamentous forms being Gloeotrichia sp. and Anabaena sp. However, an extensive bloom of Anabaena occurred after our last complete sampling date (September 1). Numbers in excess of 15,000 cells, per ml were found at the center station on September 27, 1971, the only station visited on that date. Chlorophyll analysis was conducted during the sampling period but concentrations were often below the limits of the method used. Two peak periods of growth were measured, a maximum in June associated with the diatom bloom and a September maximum associated with the blue-green bloom (Fig 4). The maximum values obtained in June were in the range 14-23 mg/m^, and those in September were about 32 mg/nr. Aquatic Macrophyt'es No quantitative data were obtained on the biomass or productivity of aquatic macrophytes, however, extensive beds were found along most of the shore, zones. These appeared to reach a maximum in July and declined during the remainder of the summer. By late August, most of the macrophyte beds were no longer observed at the surface except for isolated areas at the inlet and outlet. Zooplankton The majority of zooplankton consisted of Cladocera; however, a few Copepoda and Rotifera were also observed. Table 8 illustrates the approximate ratio of organisms present at each sampling date. The maximum number of organisms occurred July 7 when the average dry weights were between 0.256 and 0.232 mg/1 (Table 9). 8 ------- Predominant Forms Predominant Genera 10,0001 Pennate Diatoms Blue Green Filamentous Blue Green Coccoid Blue Green Filamentous O O .J UlI o Q UJ Ul Q O E \ CO 5 CO z < CD a: o 1,000: July Aug SAMPLING DATE FIGURE 3 ------- 32.0 28.0 o>2 4.0 F 20.0 W 16.0 4.0 June July Sept Aug Oct SAMPLING DATE FIGURE 4 ------- Benthic Fauna The greatest quantity of benthic organisms was found at the center station, where a maximum of 16,975 organisms/m2 was obtained. This station was consistently higher than the others, with numbers of organisms varying between 9,641 and 16,975 organisms/m'. Chironomidae (midges) were the dominate benthic organisms. In certain areas Oligochaeta were also quite common (Table 10). DISCUSSION Diamond Lake is a productive lake. Nutrient analysis indicates moderate total phosphorus values ranging from 0.04 - 0.20 mg P/l. Deep water strata suffer from oxygen depletion (0.2 mg 0/1) and increase in phosphorus concentration during late summer. Phosphorus values in the water column increased considerably after fall circulation. Associated with the decreasing oxygen concentrations was a concomitant increase in ammonia. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen exceeded 1.0 mg N/1 on one occasion indicating moderate productivity. Maximum pH values were about 9.0 and secchi disc measurements ranged from 1.8 to 7.6 m. Phytoplankton populations were at a maximum in June and September, the early bloom being almost exclusively diatoms and the later blooms consisting almost exclusively of Gloeotrichia sp. and Anabaena sp. Low phytoplankton concentrations occurred during the mid-summer months but at the same time, extensive areas of the littoral zone supported large beds of aquatic macrophytes. Because the macrophyte beds were not quantitively sampled, it is impossible to estimate their productivity. A possible explanation for the low phytoplankton levels during the period from July - August is that the nutrients were tied up in the macrophytes and were unavailable for phytoplankton growth. Total phosphorus increased to about 0.130 mg P/l after fall circulation indicating that a considerable amount of phosphorus may have been recycled from the deeper water. As stated earlier in the report, heavy blooms of Anabaena occurred in late September and October, indicating that sufficient nutrients were available to stimulate growth. Low dissolved oxygen and the presence of Anabaena under winter ice cover were observed in February 1972, indicating that the bloom may last late into the fall or early winter. Benthic and zooplankton data indicate a fairly diverse population, again suggesting that the lake is not grossly productive. The deeper benthic population was composed mainly of chironomids but a shallow water amphipod has been found in considerable numbers (Oregon State Game Commission 1946-1968) in sandy littoral areas not sampled by us. 11 ------- Although the lake is quite productive, it has not reached the stage of extreme eutrophication. The measures now being taken to divert the waste water from the lake may retard the rate at which the lake eutrophies. The rate of eutrophication is dependent on the influx of nutrients to the lake and any reduction in nutrient inflow would be expected to retard this process. 12 ------- BIBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous, 1967. An Evaluation of Waste Collection and Treatment Needs at Diamond Lake Oregon. Environmental Protection Agency, 1971. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. U. S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington D. C. American Public Health Association, 1971. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition. Strickland, J. D. H. and T. R. Parsons, 1965. A Manual of Seawater Analysis. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 125 p. Oregon State Game Commission, Fisheries Division, 1946-1969. Annual Reports. 13 ------- APPENDIX ------- TABLE 1 Cond. H®ter Quality, Diamond.Lake June 3, 1971 So Temp Secchl D.O. X pmho/ T.S. 0-P T-P HOj N03 NHj TkJ1N Org.N TIC TOC TC ALK Ca Mg Na K SI Date Loc. Depth81 "C ft - JS mg/1 Sat. cm mg/1 mg/1 ing/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 ng/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 "9/1 June NCH* Sur 6.4 8.1 11.9 117 31.0 30 .005 .058 <.001U .002 0.8 .789 17 1.8 0.9 2.8 1.0 15.0 NCH 3. 5 6.1 8.0 12.0 116 31.3 31 <.005 .170 .003 <.001 0.8 .799 4 3 7 17 2.0 0.9 2.8 1.0 15.0 1971 10 5.2 7.4 10.0 96 31.8 5 <.005 .054 .004 .038 0.8 .762 2 5 ? 18 2.2 0.8 3.0 1.2 15*. 4 CH Sur 6.6 7.5 11.9 117 46 <.005 .040 .002 <.001 0.6 .599 2 5 7 33 2.2 0.9 3.2 1.0 15.0 CH 5 6.0 11.8 114 16 <.005 .054 .002 <.001 0.7 7699 2 5 7 17 2.0 0.9 3.0 1.0 15.0 10 5.8 11.1 107 20 <•005 .046 .001 <.001 0.7 .699 2 4 6 17 2.1, 0.3 3.0 1.0 15.0 13 5.3 9.9 95 6 <.005 .054 .004 .037 0.8 .763 2 S 7 18 2.1 1.0 3.0 1.0 15.4 SCH Sur 6.5 7.0 8.7 12.1 120 31.1 17 .017 .050 .001 <.001 0.8 .799 <1 6+ 7 17 2.1 1.0 3.0 1.0 14.7 SCH 5 8 6.4 6.4 8.0 11.8 115 31.2 32 <•005 .050 .001 <.001 0.8 .799 <1 6+ 7 17 2.0* 0.9 3.0 0.9 14.7 Ldg Sur 7.0 7.5 8.0 31.3 13 <.005 .048 O o .006 .005 0.7 .695 <1 5+ 6 17 2.1 0.9 3.0 0.9 15.2 Ldg 6 6.0 8.2 11.2 108 31.1 16 <.005 .054 V .004 <.001 0.8 .799 <1 5+ 6 17 2.2 0.9 3.0 0.9 15.0 ThV Sur 6.0 6.5 7.2 11.6 113 <.005 .056 5 <.001 <.001 0.7 .699 1 6 7 ThV 6 5.1 7.2 10.9 104 .015 .056 .004 .012 0.9 .888 1 6 7 SmH Sur 7.5 7.0 8.5 11.6 118 31.7 26 <.005 .052 .001 <.001 0.6 .599 1 5 6 17 2.0 0.9 3.0 0.9 14.7 SmH 5 7.2 8.6 11.8 118 31.7 30 <.005 .058 <.001 <.001 0.7 .699 <1 5+ 6 17 2.,1 1.0 3.0 0.9 14.7 eg Sur 8.0 6.0 8.5 11.6 120 30.9 9 .027 .052 .001 <.001 0.6 .599 17 2.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 15.4 eg 6 7.4 8.5 11.8 120 30.5 23 <.005 .052 .002 <.001 0.5 .499 1 5 6 17 2.0 1.0 3.0 0.9 16.0 SC 35.7 28 .053 .046 .003 .001 0.2 .199 20 2.5 1.1 3.5 1.1 35.0 SC LC 30.9 31 <.005 .050 .002 <.001 0.6 .599 18 2.0 0.9 3.3 0.9 15.0 LC *NCH-North Center Hole CH -Center Hole S.CH-South Center Hole Ldg-Lodge ThV-Thielson View Campground SmH-Sumnter Homes Cg -Campground (South) SC -SIlent Creek LC -Lake Creek 15 ------- TABLE i Cond Hater quality, Diamond Lake July 7, 1971 ^ Pate July 7, 1971 Temp Secchl D.O. t pinto/ T.S. 0-P T-P no2 no3 nh3 TKjlN Org.R TIC TOC TC ALK Ca "9 Ha K SI Loc. Depth1" °C ft P« wg/l Sat. cm wg/l mg/i wg/l wg/l wg/l wg/1 wg/1 wg/1 pg/i wg/i wg/i wg/l wg/l wg/l wg/l wg/l pq/i NCH Sur 16.7 16.0 8.3 7.0 86 31 .-6 34 .005 .015 .005 .002 0.5 .498 3 2 5 17 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.4 8.9 NCH 5 15.7 8.3 2.3 27 31.1 31 .005 .019 <•005 .007 0.6 .593 4 2 6 17 2.0 0.9 2.8 1.1 9.1 10 8.8 7.6 3.4 35 33.2 50 .045 .147 .010 .050 1.0 .950 4 4 8 18 2.3 1.0 2.7 1.1 13.0 CH Sur 16.4 15.0 7.8 7.8 93 31.5 33 <•005 .017 .010 .002 0.5 .498 4 1 5 19 1.9 1.0 2.6 1.0 9.4 CH 5 16.3 7.4 7.2 87 31.1 34 <•005 .024 <•005 .019 0.7 .681 2 4 6 18 2.2 0.8 2.7 1.0 9.1 10 9.0 6.6 1.2 11 33.4 24 .053 .Q36 .015 .026 0.5 .474 4 2 6 18 2.6 1.2 2.6 1.0 14.7 13 7.6 6.7 1.9 18 33.4 42 .057 .096 ) <.005 .023 0.6 .577 5 4 9 21 2.4 0.9 2.8 1.1 14.0 SCH Sur 17.2 T4.5 7.2 8.1 100 30.8 36 <.005 .020 o O ' <.005 .007 0.5 .493 6 3 9 18 2.1 1.0 2.8 1.9 9.5 SCH 5 16.5 8.0 8.1 99 30.6 36 <.005 .025 V <.005 .005 0.5 .495 3 5 8 20 2.1 0.9 2.8 1 .0 9.0 8 10.7 7.4 7.9 85 31.2 37 .015 .035 s 3 <.005 <.001 0.5 .499 3 3 6 20 2.1 0.9 2.7 1.0 9.4 Ldg Sur 17.1 10.0 7.2 7.7 94 30.6 33 .000 .019 > <.005 .005 0.5 .495 3 8 11 18 2.1 1.0 2.8 1.0 8.9 Ldg 6 17.0 7.5 7.9 97 30.6 35 .000 .019 <.005 .003 0.6 '.597 2 4 6 17 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.0 8.9 ThV Sur 16.7 10.5 7.2 7.9 97 30.5 28 .000 .018 4 <.005 .003 0.4 .397 2 5 7 19 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.0 8.7 ThV 6 15.4 7.2 8.1 97 30.5 8 .000 .019 <•005 .005 0.4 .395 2 3 5 18 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.0 8.8 SmH Sur 17.4 13.0 7.1 7.9 99 30.7 31 <•005 .025 <.005 .015 0.3 .285 3 2 5 17 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.0 11.0 SmH 5 14.2 7.8 7.9 92 31.8 20 <.005 .029 <.005 .002 0.4 .398 3 4 7 18 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.0 9.0 Cg Sur 17.3 13.5 8.0 7.9 98 31.4 31 .005 .020 <.005 .009 0.4 .391 2 4 6 18 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.0 9.2 Cg 6 13.7 7;8 7.6 87 31.5 35 .015 .031 <.005 .001 0.4 .399 3 3 6 17 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.2 9.1 sc- 7.4 39.4 59 .050 .048 <.005 <.001 0.3 .299 5 0 5 22 36.0 SC LC 7.6 32.0 23 .000 .029 <•005 .017 0.5 .483 3 2 5 17 2.1 1.0 2.8 1.1 8.5 LC 16 ------- Date Aug. 3. 1971 TABLE 3 Cond. Water Quality, Diamond Lake August 3, 1971. Sol Temp Secchl 0.0. X imho/ T.S. O-P T-P H02 no3 NH3 TKJ1N Org.N TIC T0C TC ALK Ca Hg Na K SI Loc. Depth"1 °C ft PS mg/1 Sat. cm mg/1 B9/1 mg/1 mg/1 wg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 ag/i wg/1 wg/1 wg/1 wg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 aa/1 iiai Sur 22.7 25 8.6 8.2 114 32.0 22 .007 .020F* .002 .034 0.4 .366 4 2 6 19 2.1 1.0 2.6 .88 9.5 5 21.6 8.5 8.5 117 31.9 33 .005 .029 <•001 .007 0.3 .293 3 3 6 17 Z.l 1.0 2.8 .79 9.4 10 12.5 7.2 7.0 79 32.2 35 .023 .072 .001 .017 0.4 .383 4 3 7 17 2.3 1.0 2.6 .79 9.7 CH Sur 21.5 25 8.6 7.9 106 31.4 37 .000 .015F <•001 .008 0.3 .292 3 3 6 17 1.9 1.0 2.6 .81 9.9 5 21.5 8.7 8.0 109 30.7 36 .008 .019 <.001 .004 0.4 .396 3 3 6 16 2.1 1.0 2.9 .90 9.8 10 12.5 6.9 3.6 40 35.1 31 >.060 .16€ .002 O tn 00 0.5 .442 5 3 8 18 2.7 1.0 2.5 .88 10.6 13 10.6 6.7 0.7 7 37.5 28 >.060 • 250F .003 .170 0.7 .530 5 4 9 18 2.9 1.0 2.8 .92 12.1 SCH Sur 22.1 25 8.4 8.0 109 29.7 36 .000 .015 ^ <-001 .005 0.3 .295 3 2 5 17 2. Z 1.0 2.6 .86 10.0 5 21.8 8.3 8.0 109 31.2 35 .003 .017 ® <.001 .009 0.3 .291 3 2 5 16 2.3 1.0 2.7 .79 9.9 8 15.2 6.7 4.5 53 33.5 28 .053 • 140F o .001 .050 0.4 .350 4 3 7 18 2.6 1.0 2.7 .77 10.1 Ldg Sur 22.6 23 8.4 8.0 111 31.2 22 .000 .015 V <.001 .002 0^3 .298 3 2 5 18 1.9 1.0 2.6 .79 9.8 6 22.0 8.4 8.0 109 30.5 30 <•002 .020 1 <.001 .004 0.3 .296 3 3 6 16 2.3 1.4 3.3 .88 9.7 ThV Sur 21.8 22 8.4 8.0 109 31.2 23 <•002 .015 <. 001 .011 0.4 .389 3 2 5 18 2.2 1.0 2.4 .79 9.7 6 21.6 8.4 7.8 105 30.4 21 .000 .019 - <.001 .007 0.3 .293 3 3 6 17 2.3 1.0 2.4 .84 9.7 Sr.iH Sur 21.9 8.5 7.6 103 32.2 21 <.002 .017 5 .002 .004 0.3 .296 3 3 6 16 2.1 1.0 2.7 .88 9.8 Cg 5 21.0 8.4 8.5 115 31.1 29 .030 .021 <.001 .003 0.4 .397 3 2 5 16 1.9 0.9 2.7 .88 9.6 Sur 22.5 23 8.4 8.5 117 31.6 22 .003 .020 .001 .005 1.2 1.195 3 3 6 18 2.3 1.0 2.7 .88 9.8 6 22.3 8.5 7.8 106 31.5 44 .026 .020 .001 .002 0.2 .198 3 2 5 16 1.9 1.0 2.9 .84 9.8 SC 40.3 63 .060 .003 <.001 0.1 .099 5 0 5 21 2.5 1.3 3.3 1.10 38.5 LC 31.1 110 .018 .001 .005 0.2 .195 3 3 6 17 1.9 1.0 2.7 .88 10.0 HCH CH SCH Ldg ThV SnH Cg SC LC Interference, answer unreliable 17 ------- TABLE 4 Date 1, 1971 Cond. 'Water Quali ty, Diamond Lake-September 1, 1971 Sol Temp Secchl 0.0. % isiho/ T.S. 0-P T-P no2 N03 "»3 TKjlN Org.N TIC TOC TC ALK Ca Mg Na < Si Loc. Depth81 "C ft pH ng/1 Sat. cm ng/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 ag/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 ng/1 mg/1 mg/1 CH Sur 17.1 13.5 8.5 7.4 91 35 .fi 44 .011 .035 .003 .020 0.9 .880 3 0 3 17 1.9 1.0 3.1 1.1 11.0 CH 5 17.3 8.5 7,4 92 32.5 30 .006 .039 <•001 .005 0.6 .595 2 1 3 17 1.9 l.l 2.8 0.9 11.0 10 17.3 8.5 7.7 94 32.5 28 .007 .035 <•001 .042 0.7 .658 2 1 3 18 1.9 1.0 2.8 l.V 11.0 13 11.3 6.5 0.2 2 41.7* 44 .203 .336* § <.001 .310* 0.9* 5 6* 23 3.1* 1.1* 2.3* 1.1 12.2 ThV Sur 19.1 12.0 8.9 8.4 109 32.0 30 <•002 .026 V .002 .003 0.6 .597 2 4 18 1.9 1.0 2.5 1.0 10.8 ThV 6 19.1 8.9 8.3 106 33.0 38 <.002 VI 01 3 .002 .003 0.8 .797 2 1 3 18 1.9 l.l 2.5 0.9 11.0 SmH Sur 18.8 11.0 8.8 9.0 115 33.1 30 <.002 <0 > .002 .009 0.7 .691 2 1 4 17 1.9 l.l 2.7 1.0 11.0 SmH 5 18.8 8.9 9.8 126 33.7 34 <•002 .002 .003 0.7 .697 2 1 3 19 1.? 1.0 2.9 1.0 Cg Sur 16.8 9.3 8.1 99 32.3 30 .004 5 .002 .003 0.5 .497 2 1 3 17 1.9 1.0 2.9 1.0 11.0 Cg 6 16.7 8.0 98 32.4* 32 .005 .002 <.001 0.5 .49? 2 1 3 17 1.9 1.0 2.9 0.9 11.2 SC 41.0 60 .003 .005 .003 0.2 .197 2 1 3 21 2.6 1.4 3.3 1.3 38.5 SC LC 31.2 33 .055 .003 .002 0.8 .798 2 1 3 16 1.9 1.1 2.9 0.9 10.0 LC Sept. CH 27, 1971 Sur 13.2 7 8.5 97 33.1 40 5 13.1 8.6 98 33.0 39 10 13.0 8.5 97 33.0 34 13 12.9 7.8 88 33.0 42 TABLE 5 Hater Quality, Dianoiid Lake September 27, 1971 .003 .130 .001 .008 .010 0.7 .001 .138 <.001 .008 .011 0.8 .003 .125 .002 .005 .010 0.7 .002 .132 .002 .006 .015 0.6 .690 4 2.0 6 23.0 1.7 0.9 3.2 1.0' 18.2 CH .789 3 5.0 8 20.0 1.7 0.9 3.0 1.0 18.0 .690 3 0.0 3 21.0 1.7 0.9 3.0 1.0 18.0 .585 3 4.0 7 20.0 1.7 0.9 3.0 0.9 18.0 Oct. 7, 1971 SC LC TABLE 6 Hater Quality, Dlanond Lake October 7,1971 36 . 058 . 310 . 005 <.001 0.3 . 299 12 .004 .113 .025 .113 0.7 .587 Contaminated sample Inclement weather prevented complete sampling program 18 23.0 18.0 2.6 2.2 1.5 1.0 3.7 3.1 1.4 0.9 43.1 SG 18.9 LC ------- TABLE 7 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIAMOND LAKE SEDIMENTS %C* 9SN* XP** %H20** %Fe** %Mn* C2c 7.5 .74 .052 94.4 .13 C4b 5.4 .79 .040 91.0 .11 Transect 1 D5a 6.7 ,99 92.1 D5a 8.3 1.4 .068 95.0 .18 C5a 7.1 .92 92.3 = C6a Transect 2 6.7 1.1 .050 92.5 .18 £, C7d 5.8 .79 .050 90.2 .22 B2a 5.5 .74 .034 90.8 .09 Average 0.7 97 .052 92.1 .16 * Air dried samples 60°C ** Oven dried samples 105°C O o re < fD O B4a 8.8 1.3 .067 94.6 .21 5 c+ B5a Transect'3 7.4 1.1 .046 91 -4 .17 B6a 6.8 .92 91.5 B7a 3.6 .69 87.2 Ale 6.6 .79 .046 91.8 .18 Transect 4 C3d 7.3 1.3 .070 94.0 .14 19 ------- TABLE 8 Zooplankton ratios.,r)er aliquot of sample Date Location Daphnia sciiodleri Daphnia pulex Daphnia Sp #1 Daphnia Sp #2 Daphnia Sp #3 Inmature Cladocera Detrital Ch\ Cladocera spr 'dorus taericus Copepoda Asplanchna periodonta Unknown Total 6/3/71 Center 1 7 6 51 13 2 1 2 52 135 7/7/71 II 26 9 6 15 2 9 2 10 26 105 7/22/71 II 22 1 24 2 4 5 100 10 168 8/3/71 II 23 2 25 14 1 114 178 9/1/71 H 1 26 18 61 26 11 6 15 23 187 9/27/71 II 20 10 5 4 26 1 23 89 6/3/71 North Center 12 3 11 10 1 8 45 7/7/71 11 31 20 50 21 9 41 172 8/3/71 It 25 6 14 1 16 78 11 151 6/4/71 7/3/71 South Center ll 3 13 9 2 43 28 65 3 11 3 17 1 140 58 6/3/71 Lodge 1 5 TABLE 9 2 7 15 Average zooplankton dry weights mg/1 Location/ Date Center North Center South Center 6/3/71 0.004 0.003 0.005 7/7/71 0.256 0.232 ? 7/22/71 0.223 8/3/71 0.117 0.115 0.031 9/27/71 0.018 20 ------- TABLE 10 Macrobenthos „ Number of Organisms/m Pelecypoda Date Location Turbellaria 01igochaeta Hirudinea Gastropoda (Sphaeri1dae) 6/3/71 Center 3912 19 2892 208 Average TT7 6/3/71 Lodge 19 38 57 19 Average T? 37 T7 Thielson 76 151 113 170 View 57 113 76 76 76 19 57 321 Average 70 94 82 T89 6/4/71 Campground 76 1153 397 888 57 737 964 576 1947 529 756 Average 44 1275 ¦535 7TO 7/7/71 Center 5651 19 132 6445 6388 19 19 Average 6161 13 W 8/3/71 Center 4460 265 4120 19 132 5368 302 Average 4644 6 233 8/3/71 Thielson 907 76 19 397 View 472 94 76 246 1474 208 38 208 Average 951 126 44 284 8/3/71 Campground 38 208 57 57 76 57 567 151 265 19 Average 47 388 104 161 35" 21 Diptera Amphipoda (Chironomidae) 2 Hydracarina Total/m 10,622 14,553 9,109 38 12,247 9,866 T9" 13,400 38 11,056 11,227 rnjifc rnm 7,503 8,013 3,308 3,630 19 492 t> T7E0T 4,045 189 1,606 4,309 586 1,380 170 907 4,309 3T5- T7Z9E 7T30E 5,594 4,396 6,105 12,550 6,086 12,512 12,153 9,941 14,666 15,819 20,091 10,527 16,197 T05S 888 2,287 435 1 ,323 945 2,873 756 2,161 38 4,990 5,464 265 i.324 132" 77m ------- Date Location Turbellaria Oligochaeta Hirudinea 8/30/71 Thielson Average 9/27/71 Center Average 113 132 76 57 76 340 88 176 3856 4838 4366 4353 TABLE 10 Con't Macro'benthos „ Number of Organisras/m Pelecypoda Diptera Gastropoda (Sphaeriidae) Amphipoda (Chironomidae) Hydracarina Total/m 19 38,140 26^,328 5,727 C 23,398 12,427 9,336 12,682 11,485 208 57 57 37,554 170 151 132 25,742 888 76 170 4,177 422 95 120 22,491 19 8,562 4,498 8,316 6" 7*125 22 ------- |