PROPOSED
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BDAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR CHARACTERISTIC IGNITABLE WASTES (DOOl),
CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES (D002),
CHARACTERISTIC REACTIVE WASTES (D003),
AND P AND U WASTES CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
Larry Rosengrant, Chief
Treatment Technology Section
Rhonda Craig
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
November 1989
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
fafte Nor
Executive Summary E-l
1. CHARACTERISTIC IGNITABLE WASTES (D001) 1-1
1.1 Waste Characterization 1-1
1.1.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory 1-2
1.1.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory 1-3
1.1.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory 1-4
1.1.4 Oxidizers Subcategory 1-5
1.2 Industries Affected 1-5
1.2.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory 1-5
1.2.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory 1-6
1.2.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory 1-6
1.2.4 Oxidizers Subcategory 1-6
1.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies 1-7
1.3.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory 1-8
1.3.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory 1-10
1.3.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory 1-11
1.3.4 Oxidizers Subcategory 1-13
1.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) 1-13
1.4.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory 1-15
1.4.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory 1-16
1.4.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory 1-17
1.4.4 Oxidizers Subcategory 1-18
2. CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES (D002) 2-1
2.1 Waste Characterization 2-1
2.1.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories 2-2
2.1.2 Other Corrosives Subcategories 2-2
2.2 Industries Affected 2-3
2.2.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories 2-3
2.2.2 Other Corrosives Subcategories 2-4
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Peg? N9
2.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies 2-4
2.3.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories 2-4
2.3.2 Other Corrosives Subcategories 2-7
2.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) 2-8
2.4.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories 2-8
2.4.2 Other Corrosives Subcategories 2-10
3. CHARACTERISTIC REACTIVE WASTES (D003) 3-1
3.1 Waste Characterization 3-2
3.1.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory 3-2
3.1.2 Explosives Subcategory 3-2
3.1.3 Water Reactives Subcategory 3-3
3.1.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory 3-3
3.1.5 Other Reactives Subcategory 3-4
3.2 Industries Affected 3-4
3.2.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory 3-5
3.2.2 Explosives Subcategory 3-5
3.2.3 Water Reactives Subcategory 3-5
3.2.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory 3-5
3.2.5 Other Reactives Subcategory 3-6
3.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies 3-6
3.3.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory 3-7
3.3.2 Explosives Subcategory 3-9
3.3.3 Water Reactives Subcategory 3-10
3.3.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory 3-11
3.3.5 Other Reactives Subcategory 3-12
3.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) 3-12
3.4.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory 3-13
3.4.2 Explosives Subcategory 3-14
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
PflBe PP.
3.4.3 Water Reactives Subcategory 3-15
3.4.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory 3-16
3.4.5 Other Reactives Subcategory 3-16
4. P AND U WASTES CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS 4-1
4.1 Waste Characterization 4-2
4.2 Industries Affected 4-7
4.3 Analytical Issues 4-11
4.4 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies 4-12
4.4.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 4-13
4.4.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 4-17
4.5 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available
Available Technology (BDAT) 4-22
4.5.1 BDAT for Incinerable Reactive Organic
and Hydrazine Derivatives 4-24
4.5.2 BDAT for Incinerable Inorganics 4-27
4.5.3 BDAT for Fluorine Compounds 4-28
4.5.4 BDAT for Recoverable Metallics 4-28
5. REFERENCES 5-1
APPENDIX A Waste Characterization and Industrial Descriptions
for D001 Wastes
APPENDIX B Waste Characterization and Industrial Descriptions
for D002 Wastes
APPENDIX C Waste Characterization and Industrial Descriptions
for D003 Wastes
APPENDIX D Definitions of Forbidden Explosive, Class A Explosive,
and Class B Explosive According to 49 CFR
APPENDIX E Waste Characterization, Industrial Descriptions, and
Analytical Problems Associated with Wastes Containing
P and U Reactive Listing Constituents
APPENDIX F Carbon Adsorption Performance Data
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TABLE OF TABLES
P3K9 P9
1 BDAT Treatment Standards for D001 E-5
2 BDAT Treatment Standards for D002 E-6
3 BDAT Treatment Standards for D003 E-7
4 BDAT Treatment Standards for P and U Wastes Containing
Reactive Listing Constituents E-8
1-1 BDAT Treatment Standards for D001 1-20
2-1 BDAT Treatment Standards for D002 2-11
3-1 BDAT Treatment Standards for D003 3-18
4-1 BDAT Treatment Standards for P and U Wastes Containing
Reactive Listing Constituents 4-30
A-l Characterization and Industry Data for D001 Wastes That Are
Only Characteristic Xgnitable Wastes According to the 1986
TSDR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only A-l
A-2 Characterization and Industry Data for Mixed Wastes
Containing Ignitable (D001) Wastes According to the
1986 TSDR Survey for Non-CBI, Non-conanerical
Facilities Only A-6
A-3 Available Waste Characterization Data for D001
Ignitable Liquids Subcategory A-11
A-4 Waste Characterization Data for D001 Oxidizer Subcategory ... A-12
B-l Chacterization Data for Characteristic Corrosive Wastes
D002 B-l
B-2 Corrosive Waste Quantity Handled by Industrial
Classification B-20
C-l Characterization and Industry Data for D003 Wastes That
Are Only Characteristic Reactive Wastes According to the
1986 TSDR Survey for Non-CBI. Facilities Only C-l
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TABLE OF TABLES
(Continued)
Pas? yp>
C-2 Characterization and Industry Data for Mixed Wastes
Containing Reactive Wastes According to the 1986 TSDR
Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only C-2
C-3 Characterization Data for D003 Reactive Cyanide
Subcategory C-7
C-4 Waste Characterization for D003 Explosives Subcategory C-9
C-5 Characterization Data for D003 Explosives Subcategory C-10
C-6 Characterization Data for D003 Water Reactives Subcategory .. C-ll
C-7 Characterization Data for D003 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory. C-12
C-8 Characterization Data for D003 Other Reactives Subcategory .. C-13
E-l Chemical Structures for Reactive P and U Listing Constituents E-l
E-2 P and U Wastes Containing Reactive Listing Constituents E-4
E-3 Generation Information for Reactive U and P Wastes
According to the 1986 TSDR Survey E-6
E-4 Analytical Problems Associated with the Listing
Constituents for Reactive P and U Waste Codes E-12
F-l Amenability of Typical Organic Compounds to Activated
Carbon Adsorption F-3
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments Act (HSWA), enacted on
November 8, 1984, amended the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) of 1976. Pursuant to HSWA, section 3004(g) of RCRA requires the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promulgate regulations that
restrict the land disposal of hazardous wastes beyond specified dates.
Under section 3004(m) of RCRA, the Agency is required to set "levels or
methods of treatment, if any, which substantially reduce the likelihood
of migration of hazardous constituents from the waste so that short-term
and long-term threats to human health and the environment are
minimized.H As specified in the promulgated regulatory framework for
implementing the land disposal restrictions, these "treatment standards"
are based on the performance of the best demonstrated available
technology (BDAT) for a waste.
Consistent with section 3004(m) of RCRA, EPA is proposing treatment
standards based on the best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for
characteristic ignitable wastes (D001), characteristic corrosive wastes
(D002), characteristic reactive wastes (D003), and P and U wastes
containing reactive listing constituents. Compliance with these BDAT
treatment standards is a prerequisite for the placement of these wastes
in units designated as land disposal facilities.
Wastes that are hazardous because they exhibit a hazardous
characteristic are no longer considered hazardous if they are treated so
that they no longer exhibit any of the characteristics. It is important
to point out that treatment of any ignitable, corrosive, or reactive
wastes must remove all of the hazardous characteristics of the waste.
For example, ash residues from the incineration of an ignitable waste
will no longer be ignitable, but may exhibit the characteristic of EP
toxicity for metals (because the metals concentrate in the ash) even
though the
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waste may not have been EP toxic prior to incineration; this residue may
therefore require further treatment. Note that if the characteristic
waste or the residual is mixed with a listed hazardous waste, it is
considered to be a hazardous waste even if treated to remove all
characteristics, and it must meet any standards set for the listed
hazardous waste.
EPA may establish treatment standards either as a specific .treatment
technology or as a performance level of treatment monitored by measuring
the concentration levels of the hazardous constituents in the waste,
treatment residual, or extract of the waste. EPA prefers to establish
treatment standards as performance levels; however, because of the
diversity of constituents present in wastes that can be classified as
D001, D002, and D003, the Agency has been unable to identify a list of
constituents that could be used to regulate these wastes. In addition,
there are no EPA-approved analytical methods for most of the P and U
reactive listing constituents. Therefore, EPA is proposing specific
treatment technologies as BDAT treatment standards for D001, D002, some
subcategories of D003, and P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents. For the D003 Reactive Cyanide Subcategory waste code, EPA
is proposing performance level treatment standards for cyanide in
wastewaters and nonwastewaters, since this BDAT list constituent is
consistently present at treatable concentrations in the waste and
treatment performance data and analytical methods are available for this
constituent.
Because of the nature of the subcategories of these D001, D002, or
D003 wastes, the Agency is not distinguishing wastewater versus
nonwastewater standards in all cases. Sometimes this is because there is
no way to physically distinguish one from the other (e.g., D001 compressed
gases are neither wastewaters nor nonwastewaters), or sometimes it is
prudent to apply the same technology to both wastewaters and
nonwastewaters. In other cases, only nonwastewater or only wastewater
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standards are proposed for subcategories of these characteristic wastes.
For the purpose of determining the applicability of the treatment
standards, wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less than
1 percent (weight basis) total suspended solids* and less than 1 percent
(weight basis) total organic carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting this
definition must comply with the treatment standards for nonwastewaters.
EPA has determined that wastes defined as D001 represent four
treatability groups based on chemical and physical composition: the
Ignitable Liquids Subcategory, the Ignitable Compressed Gases
Subcategory, the Ignitable Reactives Subcategory, and the Oxidizers
Subcategory. Treatment standards for all D001 wastes are presented in
Table 1 at the end of this section.
The Agency has determined that D002 wastes may belong to an Acid
Subcategory, Alkaline Subcategory, or an Other Corrosives Subcategory.
Treatment standards for the D002 subcategories are shown in Table 2.
For D003, EPA has concluded that there are five treatability groups:
Reactive Cyanides Subcategory, Reactive Sulfides Subcategory, Explosives
Subcategory, Water Reactives Subcategory, and Other Reactives Subcategory.
Table 3 presents treatment standards for the five D003 subcategories.
The Agency has determined that wastes with reactive P and U listing
constituents can be divided into four treatability groups: incinerable
* The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarified EPA's previously used
terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids." Specifically,
total suspended solids is measured by Method 209c (Total Suspended
Solids Dried at 103 to 105*C) in Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th Edition (APHA, AWWA, and WPCF
1985).
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reactive organic and hydrazine derivatives, other incinerable inorganics,
fluorine compounds, and recoverable metallics. Shown in Table 4 are the
treatment standards for the P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents.
This background document presents the Agency's technical support for
selecting and developing the treatment standards for D001, D002, D003,
and F and U wastes containing reactive listing constituents. It is
organized into five chapters. Each chapter is arranged in four sections,
with the exception of the reference chapter. Section 1 of each chapter
presents waste-specific information such as the waste-
generating processes and waste characterization. The industries that
will be affected by the land disposal restrictions for the specific
characteristic waste are described in Section 2. The applicable
technologies that can be used to treat the waste are discussed in
Section 3. Section 4 identifies the best demonstrated available
technology.
The BDAT program and EPA's promulgated methodology are more
thoroughly described in two additional documents: Methodology for
Developing BDAT Treatment Standards (XJSEPA 1988a) and Generic Quality
Assurance Project Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions Programs (BDAT)
(USEPA 1987a). The petition process to be followed in requesting a
variance from the BDAT treatment standards is discussed in the
methodology document.
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TABLE 1 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR DOOl
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.21(a)(1)
INCINERATION, FUEL SUBSTITUTION,*
OR RECOVERY AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
IGNITABLE COMPRESSED GASES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.21(a)(3)
RECOVERY OR INCINERATION* OF VENTED** IGNITABLE
GASES AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
IGNITABLE REACTIVES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.21(a)(2)
DEACTIVATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
OXIDIZERS SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.21(a)(4)
DEACTIVATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
Incinerators must comply with 40 CFR, 264 Subpart 0 or 265 Subpart 0,
Fuel substitution units must be In compliance with 40 CFR Fart 266
Subpart D.
Ignitable gases may be vented directly into an incinerator or vented
into a suitable adsorbent prior to incineration. Although the
gases, once vented, are no longer compressed in a cylinder, the
Agency does not consider that treatment has occurred until the
ignitable gas has been incinerated. Adsorption of the ignitable gas
into either a solid or liquid adsorbent is typically a reversible
physical process. Thus, the ignitable chemical has not been
destroyed.
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TABLE 2 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D002
ACID SUBCATEGORY
261.22(a)(1)
NEUTRALIZATION WITH BASES TO: 6< pH <9 AS INSOLUBLE SALTS
OR RECOVERY AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D002
ALKALINE SUBCATEGORY
261.22(a)(1)
NEUTRALIZATION WITH ACIDS TO: 6< pH <9 AS INSOLUBLE SALTS
OR RECOVERY AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D002
OTHER CORROSIVES
261.22(a)2
DEACTIVATION TO: SAE 1020 STEEL CORROSION RATE
<6.35 mm/yr AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
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TABLE 3 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D003
REACTIVE CYANIDES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.23(a)(5)
[Nonwastewaters]
Maximum for any
Sinsl? Cya*? SwupI?
Regulated Total Composition
Constituent (mg/kg)
Cyanides (Total) 110
Cyanides (Amenable) 9.1
REACTIVE CYANIDES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.23(a)(5)
[Wastewaters]
Regulated
Constituent
Maximum for any
Single Grab Sample
Total Composition
(mg/1)
Cyanides (Total) 1.9
Cyanides (Amenable) 0.10
REACTIVE SULFIDES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.23(a)(5)
ALKALINE CHLORINATION, CHEMICAL OXIDATION, OR
INCINERATION* FOLLOWED BY PRECIPITATION TO
INSOLUBLE SULFATES AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
EXPLOSIVES, WATER REACTIVES,
AND OTHER REACTIVES SUBCATEGORIES
BASED ON 261.23(a)(6), 261.23(a)(2) THROUGH (4),
AND 261.23(a)(1), RESPECTIVELY
DEACTIVATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
* - Incinerators must comply with 40 CFR.264 Subpart 0 or 265 Subpart 0.
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TABLE 4 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P AND U WASTES
CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P009, P068, P081, P112, U023,
U086, U096, U098, U099, U103, U109, U133, AND U160
[Wastewaters]
INCINERATION* OR CARBON ADSORPTION AS A METHOD
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P009, P068, P081, P112, U023,
U086, U096, U098, U099, U103, U109, U133, AND U160
[Nonwastewaters]
THERMAL DESTRUCTION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
P006, P096, P105, P122, U135, U189, AND U249
[Wastewaters]
CHEMICAL OXIDATION FOLLOWED BY PRECIPITATION TO
INSOLUBLE SALTS AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
P006, P096, P105, P122, U135, U189, AND U249
[Nonwas tewaters]
THERMAL DESTRUCTION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P056 Al™ U134
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
SOLUBILIZATION IN WATER FOLLOWED BY
PRECIPITATION AS CALCIUM FLUORIDE;
OR RECOVERY AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P015, P073, AND P087
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
RECOVERY AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
* - Incinerators must comply with 40 CFR 264 Subpart 0 or 265 Subpart 0.
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1. CHARACTERISTIC IGNITABLE WASTES (D001)
According to 40 CFR 261.21, there are four criteria for defining a
waste as a D001 Ignitable Waste. Paraphrasing these criteria, a waste
can be a D001 waste if (1) it is a liquid with a flash point less than
140#F; (2) it is an ignitable compressed gas; (3) it is not a liquid
and is capable of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture,
or spontaneous chemical changes and, when ignited, burns vigorously and
persistently; or (4) it is an oxidizer.
Although some 0001 wastes may exhibit characteristics of more than
one criterion, EPA determined that these four criteria translate directly
into four treatability groups for D001 wastes. The first treatability
group is classified as the Ignitable Liquids Subcategory. The second
treatability group is classified as the Ignitable Compressed Gases
Subcategory. The third treatability group is classified as the Ignitable
Reactives Subcategory. The fourth treatability group is classified as
the Oxidizers Subcategory.
1.1 flmmmimlyn
Because of the variation of wastes classified as D001, it is not
possible to characterize every individual D001 waste stream. Therefore,
the Agency based its BDAT development for D001 wastes on a generalization
of waste characterization for each subcategory listed above. Tables A-l
and A-2 in Appendix A present some waste characterization for the
RCRA-permitted facilities that generated D001 wastes and D001 wastes
mixed with other RCRA-listed and characteristic wastes, respectively.
This information has been gathered from the 1986 National Survey of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Facilities
(TSOR Survey); confidential business information is not included.
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1.1.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory
These wastes are liq ids that at a temperature, referred to as the
flash point, of 140°F or less give off a vapor sufficient to form an
ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid or
containment vessel. For the purposes of the official shipping
regulations, the flash point is determined by the Tagliabue open-cup
method (ASTM D1310-63).
The majority of all D001 wastes generated can be identified as
ignitable liquids. Most of these ignitable liquid wastes are primarily
organic liquids. The major organic constituents in these wastes are
volatile, flammable hydrocarbons or oxygenated hydrocarbons that provide
the characteristics of ignitability to the waste (i.e., a flash point of
less than !40CF). Some D001 Ignitable Liquids have been shown to
contain organic constituents that are also constituents in F001-F005
waste solvents. These constituents include the following:
Acetone
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorinated fluorocarbons
.Chlorobenzene
Cresols
Cresylic acid
Cyclohexanone
1,2-Dichlorobe nzene
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl ether
Ethylbenzene
Isobutanol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methylene chloride
Nitrobenzene
Pyridine
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
1.1.1-Trichloroethane
1.1.2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
Xylene
Other wastes in the subcategory may contain unlisted solvents, paint
thinners, degreasing compounds, byproduct liquids, contaminated oils,
petroleum distillates, lacquers, varnishes, and contaminated fuels. The
characterization data for wastes in this subcategory are shown on
Table A-3 located in Appendix A.
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1.1.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory
D001 wastes in the Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory are those
wastes that meet the definition of an ignitable compressed gas according
to 49 CFR 173.300. By definition, the term "ignitable compressed gas"
designates (1) any material or mixture having in the container an
absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70°F or, regardless of the
pressure at 70°F, having an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at
130°F, or (2) any liquid flammable material having a vapor pressure
exceeding 40 psi at 100°F as determined by ASTM Test D-323. For each
of the above cases, any one of the following must also occur:
1. Either a mixture of 13 percent or less (by volume) with air forms
a flammable mixture or the flammable range with air is wider than
12 percent, regardless of the lower limit. These limits should
be determined at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The
method of sampling and test procedures must be acceptable to the
Bureau of Explosives and approved by the Director, OHMT.
2. Using the Bureau of Explosives' Flame Projection Apparatus,* the
flame projects more than 18 inches beyond the ignition source
with valve opened fully, or the flame flashes back and burns at
the valve with any degree of valve opening.
3. Using the Bureau of Explosives' Open Drum Apparatus,* there is
any significant propagation of flame away from the ignition
source.
4. Using the Bureau of Explosives' Closed Drum Apparatus,* there is
any explosion of the vapor-air mixture in t^e drum.
The physical characteristics of wastes in this subcategory could be
described as a discarded cylinder containing the compressed gas. The
Agency believes that generators of byproduct gaseous wastes generated
during a process generally flare these gases to destroy them and do not
* A description of the Bureau of Explosives' Flame Projection Apparatus,
Open Drum Apparatus, Closed Drum Apparatus, and method tests can be
obtained from the Bureau of Explosives.
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place the waste gases in containers. Therefore, the majority of these
waste containers will probably be empty containers containing gas
residues of the containerized gases that were used in a process, rather
than generated during a process. Containerized gases that might be used
in a process and disposed of in a container would include acetone,
oxygen, methane, and hydrogen.
1.1.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory
By definition in 40 CFR, these nonliquid wastes are capable of
causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture, or spontaneous
chemical change. Furthermore, when these wastes are ignited, they bum
vigorously and persistently. Based on these physical waste descriptions,
there appears to be an overlap of this P001 subcategory with certain D003
reactive wastes. However, a close examination of the definitions in
261.21(a)(2) for ignitable wastes and 261.23(a)(2), (3), and (6) for
reactive wastes reveals the distinction. The key difference is found in
the phrase for ignitable wastes "...when ignited, burns vigorously and
persistently." This phrase implies that the hazard is due primarily to
the ignition potential rather than to the extreme reactivity.
D001 Ignitable Reactives are generated on a sporadic basis and
generally in low volumes. These wastes are primarily inorganic
nonwastewaters or other wastes containing reactive materials. Ignitable
reactives include materials such as reactive alkali metals or metaloids
(such as sodium and potassium) and carbide slags. These wastes are very
reactive with water and can ignite because of the generation of gases and
heat from the reaction with water. Other ignitable solids in this
subcategory include metals such as magnesium and aluminum that, when
finely divided, can vigorously react with oxygen in the air if they are
ignited under certain conditions. Zirconium fines that are pyrophonic
(i.e., that cat s fire through friction) have also been included in this
D001 subcategory.
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1-1.4 Oxidizers Subcategory
These wastes must meet the definition of an oxidizer according to
49 CFR 173.151, which says "an oxidizer is a substance such as a
chlorate, permanganate, inorganic peroxide, or a nitrate, that yields
oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion of organic matter." D001
wastes in the Oxidizers Subcategory are primarily inorganic. These
include wastes such as waste nitrates, peroxides, perchlorates, and
permanganates. The available characterization data for the Oxidizers
Subcategory are shown on Table A-4 located in Appendix A.
Industries Affected
Because of the diversity of industries generating D001 wastes, the
Agency will not attempt to describe every industry that generates
characteristic ignitable wastes. The following are brief summaries
describing by subcategory the industries that will be most affected by
the land disposal ban of D001 wastes. Tables A-l and A-2 in Appendix A
present industrial descriptions for RCRA-permitted facilities that
generate D001 wastes and D001 wastes mixed with other RCRA-listed wastes,
respectively.
1.2.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory
As stated previously, the majority of all D001 wastes that are
generated can be identified as ignitable liquids. These wastes are
generated by almost every industry and represent a significant proportion
of all hazardous wastes. They include wastes such as solvents,
degreasing compounds, and byproduct liquids, i.e., wastes that can be
generated by most industries. Industries generating D001 Ignitable
Liquids include: petroleum refining, producers of plastics and resins,
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paints and allied products, plating and polishing, motor vehicle parts
and accessories, electronic equipment, agricultural chemicals, wood
household furniture, pressed and blown glass, and commercial printing
(USEPA 1988e).
1.2.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory
The chemicals industry uses compressed gases as reactants in chemical
processes. Additionally, many industries use containerized gases for
heating and welding purposes. The Agency has identified only three
generators of gases classified as D001 wastes. The standard industrial
classifications (SIC) for the generators are manufacturing industries,
conveyors and conveying machinery, and general chemical manufacturing
(USEPA 1988e).
1.2.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory
The chemicals industry, specifically the nonferrous metals chemicals
industry, generates most of the wastes in this subcategory. The Agency
has identified only three facilities as potential generators of wastes in
the D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory. The industries include
producers of semiconductors and related devices, producers of power
driven hand tools, and the Department of Energy (USEPA 1988e).
1.2.4 Oxidizers Subcategory
Most of these wastes are generated by the chemicals industry as spent
oxidizing solutions or byproducts. The Agency has information indicating
that the Department of Defense generates D001 Oxidizer Wastes from
treatment by open burning or open detonation of waste propellants. Other
potential generators for these wastes include the chemicals and allied
products industries and manufacturers of fertilizers.
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1.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies
This section describes the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies pertinent to the treatment of D001 wastes and current
management practices for these wastes. To be applicable, a technology
must theoretically be usable to treat the waste in question or a similar
waste. To be demonstrated, the technology must be employed in full-scale
operation for the treatment of the waste in question or of a similar
waste.
Most generators of D001 wastes are currently performing some form of
treatment, since ignitable wastes are already restricted from placement
in surface impoundments, waste piles, land treatment units, and landfills
according to 40 CFR 264.229, 264.256, 264.281, and 264.312,
respectively. The following is paraphrased from the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) for disposal requirements for ignitable wastes:
Ignitable waste must not be placed in a surface impoundment,
waste pile, land treatment unit, or landfill, unless the
following conditions are met:
• The waste is treated, rendered, or mixed before or
immediately after placement in the impoundment so that the
resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no
longer meets the definition of ignitable waste.
• The owner or operator of a facility that treats, stores,
or disposes of ignitable waste takes precautions to prevent
reactions that generate extreme heat or pressure, fire or
explosions, or violent reactions; produce uncontrolled toxic
mists, fumes, dusts, or gases in sufficient quantities to
threaten human health or the environment; produce
uncontrolled flammable fumes or gases in sufficient
quantities to pose a risk of fire or explosions; damage the
structural integrity of the device or facility; or threaten
human health or the environment through other like means.
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• The waste is managed in such a way chat it is protected
from any material or conditions that may cause it to ignite
or react.
In addition, a surface impoundment can be used to dispose of
ignitable wastes solely for emergencies. Also, ignitable wastes
in containers may be landfilled without meeting the above
criteria if the wastes are disposed of in such a way that they
are protected from any material or conditions that may cause
them to ignite. At a minimum, ignitable wastes must be disposed
of in nonleaking containers that are carefully handled and
placed so as to avoid heat, sparks, rupture, or any other
condition that might cause ignition of the wastes; must be
covered daily with soil or other noncombustible material to
minimize the potential for ignition of the wastes; and must not
be disposed of in cells that contain or will contain other
wastes that may generate heat sufficient to cause ignition of
the waste.
1.3.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory
All wastes in the Ignitable Liquids Subcategory are defined as
hazardous because of a low flash point that is due directly to the
chemical and physical properties of the organics in the waste. These
wastes also have a high heating value.
One might assume that it does not matter how the ignitability
characteristic is removed so long as the waste ends up nonignitable.
Ignitability, however, reflects presence of volatile organic compounds
(VOC), which are ozone precursors. If the ignitable wastes are diluted,
VOC will ordinarily be emitted in concentrations far exceeding those
emitted by treatment processes in which these volatiles are destroyed.
Control of VOC is a legitimate concern under RCRA (section 3004 (m))
specifically calls for minimizing threats to the environment as well as
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to human health, and the Agency has specifically called attention to
control of VOC in the 1987 proposed rule implementing RCRA section
3004 (m). Volatile emissions from dilution also may pose a reignition
hazard. Dilution of ignitable wastes fails to utilize the wastes' energy
value, contravening a fundamental RCRA goal of encouraging recovery of
energy from wastes (RCRA section 1002 (d)). EPA also believes that
allowing dilution of D001 wastes will create an incentive for generators
to miscode the listed, prohibited solvent wastes (F001-F005) as D001
wastes, frustrating the treatment requirements for those wastes.
Accordingly, the Agency believes that dilution is not an applicable
method for treating ignitable wastes.
The applicable technologies that the Agency has identified for
treatment of wastes in the Ignitable Liquids Subcategory are
incineration, fuel substitution (because of their high heating value) and
recovery. Any thermal treatment technology, such as incineration, will
completely remove the characteristic of low flash point by destroying the
organics, thereby rendering the waste nonignitable. Fuel substitution,
like incineration, destroys the organic constituents in the waste. In
fuel substitution, however, fuel value is also derived from the waste.
Recovery technologies such as distillation and solvent extraction can be
used to separate and recover components. Although recovery technologies
can recover some components for reuse, often these processes generate
residues that may still exhibit the characteristic of ignitability and
require further treatment prior to land disposal.
The Agency believes that all the applicable technologies for organics
treatment are demonstrated to treat the D001 Ignitable Liquids
Subcategory since they are currently used to treat such wastes. The
Agency has data showing that 26 percent of D001 Ignitable Liquids are
already treated by incineration, 25 percent are used as a fuel
substitute, and 24 percent are recovered for reuse through processes such
as distillation (USEPA 1989d).
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1.3.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory
The Agency thinks it unlikely that ignitable compressed gas wastes
require placement in any type of land disposal unit. The Agency believes
that no gas cylinders containing compressed ignitable gases are placed in
surface impoundments, and that it is physically impossible to deep-well
inject these wastes. The Agency recognizes, however, that some D001
cylinders containing compressed ignitable gases may be placed in waste
piles. The Agency expects such placement to be temporary since these
cylinders are usually returned to distribution facilities to be
refilled. The Agency does not intend to prevent short-term storage of
cylinders containing ignitable compressed gases (e.g., acetylene,
hydrogen).
The Agency has identified reuse/recovery of the contents of the
cylinder or incineration of the contents as theoretically applicable
technologies to all wastes in this category. For compressed gases or low
boiling liquids in cylinders, recovery consists of connecting one or more
cylinders containing a given gas to a vacuum pump or to the suction side
of a compressor. The cylinder is thereby evacuated, and the recovered
gas may be stored in a compressed gas tank or as a low-boiling liquid in
a closed tank system. The compound can then be transferred to a
container to be shipped for reuse by a customer, or it can be reprocessed
and purified in the plant prior to repackaging. However, no single
recovery system will serve to recover more than one -as at a time in
order to avoid contamination. Furthermore, assuming Chat a compression
step is necessary for recovery, then different equipment will be required
for gases that remain gaseous during compression as compared to those
gases that readily liquify. Recovery by refilling the cylinders for
reuse is practiced by many facilities using containerized gases in their
processes. Consequently, EPA believes this technology to be
demonstrated. In addition, the Agency has established a policy Chat
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facilities that manufacture gases do not have to be considered treatment,
storage, or disposal facilities (TSDFs) in order to directly refill
compressed gas cylinders.
The second applicable technology, incineration, would provide thermal
oxidation or thermal reduction of compounds present in the waste gases.
Thermal oxidation would apply to those gases that are essentially
hydrocarbons or derived from hydrocarbons. Thermal reduction is a term
that describes combustion in a condition that is, at least initially, a
"starved air" condition. "Starved air" means combustion with less than
the stoichiometric amount of oxygen. Thermal reduction is a well-known
mode for burning or incinerating nitrogen-containing fuels or wastes to
ensure that the organically bound nitrogen is converted to elemental
nitrogen rather than nitrogen oxide(s). The gas would have to be vented
directly into an incinerator or vented into an appropriate adsorbent
material (provided that air emissions can be controlled), followed by
incineration of the adsorbed gas/adsorbent material combination. The
problem with adsorption as an approach is that the toxic or otherwise
hazardous nature of the gases may be only temporarily deactivated by
adsorption. To permanently destroy the gas, the activated carbon or
other adsorbent needs to be destroyed. Many facilities incinerate
containerized gases by venting them directly into an incinerator. Based
on the above discussion, the Agency believes that incineration (thermal
reduction or oxidation) is demonstrated (Rissmann 1989).
1.3.3 Ignltable Reactives Subcategory
The waste characterization in Section 1.1.3 describes these wastes as
nonwastewaters that can ignite when they come in contact with water and
release gases; therefore, the Agency considered applicable technologies
for this subcategory to be those technologies that remove the
characteristic of ignitability. EPA has identified deactivation
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technologies such as controlled detonation and controlled treatment with
water to be applicable technologies.
Open detonation involves a violent chemical reaction within a
chemical compound or mechanical mixture producing heat and pressure. The
reaction proceeds through the reacted material toward the untreated
material at a supersonic velocity.
As mentioned earlier, radioactive zirconium fines have been included
in the D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory. The Deparment of Energy
submitted data that appear to indicate that this waste can be stabilized
to remove the reactivity characteristic. Stabilization is not usually
considered to be a method of deactivation, and EPA is concerned that this
treatment may be a form of impermissible dilution rather than a chemical
reaction (i.e., oxidation) that removes the reactivity characteristic
(Hunt 1989).
Some of these D001 wastes, such as calcium carbide slag, are often
placed in specially designed units (some may be technically classified as
waste piles by the Agency) for the purposes of controlled deactivation
with water. Other wastes, such as those containing reactive alkali
metals (sodium), are often open detonated or reacted with water under
controlled conditions, which typically generates dilute alkaline
solutions that can then be neutralized. EPA has identified one facility
using hydrolysis as treatment of alkali metals (Yoder 1989). The Agency
believes that most, if not all, D001 Ignitable Reactives are being
treated in a manner that renders the waste nonignitable and no longer
D001 hazardous; therefore, these deactivation technologies are
demonstrated to treat wastes in this subcategory.
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1.3.4 Oxidizers Subcategory
For D001 wastes in the Oxidizers Subcategory, deactivation appears to
be the primary applicable treatment option. Deactivation with an
appropriate chemical reagent renders the waste nonignitable. The Agency
has information indicating that the Department of Defense generates D001
Oxidizer Wastes from treatment by open burning or open detonation of
waste propellants. These wastes should be treated with an appropriate
chemical reducing agent under controlled conditions. Although it is
possible that certain aqueous solutions of these oxidizers may be useful
in the treatment of other hazardous wastes (e.g., permanganates and
peroxides can be used to oxidize toxic organics or cyanide wastes), the
Agency believes that these wastes should be deactivated or used as
treatment reagents in tanks and not in surface impoundments because of
the potential release of heat and volatile organics during the
oxidation/reduction reactions. The Agency has information from 1986 TSDR
Survey (USEPA 1989b) indicating that D001 Oxidizer Wastes can be treated
with chemicals to render them nonignitable; therefore, these technologies
are demonstrated.
1.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT^
This section presents the rationale for the determination of best
demonstrated available technology or technologies for D001 wastes. The
Agency believes that there are two major options for evaluating potential
treatment standards for each D001 characteristic waste subcategory. The
first and most preferred option is for EPA to propose numerical treatment
standards; however, numerical standards are difficult to establish for
D001 wastes because of the extensive universe of constituents in every
waste stream. The second and next preferred option is to propose a
method or sequence of methods of treatment as BDAT.
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The following sections describe the BDAT for each treatability
group. If a waste is a D001 waste because it fits under more than one
D001 treatability group, the waste must be treated by the BDAT
technologies that are listed for each applicable subcategory (unless the
initial treatment produces a non-DOOl waste residue). It is possible
that the use of the treatment technologies will, for many of these
wastes, result in a residual that no longer exhibits any of the
characteristics. In this case, the waste is no longer subject to the
requirements of Subtitle C of RCRA. However, the use of the treatment
technologies designated as BDAT does not imply that the residues from
treatment are nonhazardous. In some cases, treatment to remove one
characteristic may result in a residue that has a different
characteristic and thus requires further treatment. For example,
treatment of a D001 waste using incineration may remove the ignitable
characteristic but result in an ash that will have an EPA toxic
characteristic for metals and will need metals treatment. Proposed
treatment standards for all D001 wastes are summarized in Table 1-1
located at the end of this section.
It is important to note that management practices have been
established for ignitable wastes in surface impoundments, waste piles,
land treatment units, and landfills (see 40 CFR 264.229, 264.256,
264.281, and 264.312, as well as 265.229, 265.256, 265.281, and
265.312). Vhen finalized, the treatment standards proposed today for
ignitable (D001) wastes will supersede the above-menfioned provisions and
exclusions for permissible land disposal of these waste outlined in
Parts 264 and 265; therefore, the Agency is proposing to revoke these
Part 264 and 265 sections. Facilities handling ignitable wastes will
have to comply with the promulgated treatment standards for these wastes
in order to land dispose them.
The Agency is revoking these sections tc void potential conflicts
between the proposed treatment standards anc xisting Part 264 and 265
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and 265 land disposal provisions for D001 wastes. The Agency believes
that protection of human health and the environment will be better
accomplished by the proposed standard, since compliance with the
treatment standards will render these waste nonhazardous by permanently
eliminating the characteristic (i.e., ignitability).
1.4.1 Ignitable Liquids Subcategory
The Agency first studied the option of transferring the standards for
these constituents from the corresponding F001-F005 standards promulgated
in the November 7, 1986, final rule (51 FR 40642), since some D001
Ignitable Liquids have been shown to contain organic constituents that
are also constituents in F001-F005 solvents. However, the Agency
believes that this option would create an unnecessary burden on the
regulated community in several ways. The majority of D001 wastes in the
Ignitable Liquids Subcategory probably do not contain these constituents,
but generators of D001 wastes would be required to perform a significant
amount of testing and certification. Also, the F001-F005 standards are
based on analysis of an extract obtained from use of the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), not on analysis of the total
concentration in a representative sample of the waste. Therefore, the
Agency prefers to deal with these issues in a future rulemaking. EPA may
establish standards based on analysis of total constituent concentrations
to replace the current F001-F005 standards and then the new standards
could be transferred to the appropriate wastes in the Ignitable Liquids
Subcategory. Because the technical and legal issues of such transfers
have not been resolved, however, the Agency is not proposing
concentration-based D001 treatment standards based on F001-F005 treatment
performance data at this time. Nevertheless, it may reevaluate its
position in the future and reverse this determination.
EPA considered a second option by examining all demonstrated
technologies to determine whether one method performs better than
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another. Thermal destruction technologies such as incineration and reuse
as a fuel will completely remove the characteristic of low flash point by
destroying the organics, thereby rendering the waste nonignitable. The
Agency does not want to preclude the use of distillation or other
recovery techniques for these wastes. At the same time, the Agency does
not believe that most of these wastes are necessarily recoverable by
processes such as distillation. Furthermore, distillation still bottoms
may be ignitable and require further treatment. While recovery options
may be preferable to incineration or fuel substitution for some of the
D001 wastes in this treatability group, the end result must be the same
(i.e., the residues must not be ignitable). The choice among
incineration, fuel substitution, or recovery can then be made by the
generator or treater, based on economics and on the ability of the
particular recovery system to handle the waste. Based on the fact that
all these techniques can remove the characteristic of ignitability
permanently, EPA is proposing a treatment standard of "Incineration, Fuel
Substitution, or Recovery as Methods of Treatment" for D001 in the
Ignitable Liquids Subcategory. This standard will establish
incineration, fuel substitution, or recovery as mandatory processes for
handling D001 Ignitable Liquids.
1.4.2 Ignitable Compressed Gases Subcategory
Since a numerical standard is not practical for this category because
of the variety of gases that are listed as D001, the Agency considered
both demonstrated technologies for proposing treatment method standards
for compressed ignitable gases. The preferred (and most likely
application) is that of recovery by direct reuse. Typically, the
contents of the cylinders and the cylinders themselves are directly
reused (i.e., refilled). The second technology that the Agency
considered was incineration by ver ing the gas onto an incinerator or by
venting the gas into an appropriate adsorbent material (provided that air
emissions can be controlled), followed by incineration of the adsorbed
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gas/adsorbent material combination. There may be cases when this will be
preferred over the direct venting of the gas into the incinerator (e.g.,
to reduce the risk of explosion). In order to comply with the treatment
standard in this case, however, the adsorbed gas must be incinerated to
destroy or remove the characteristic permanently.
The Agency is proposing a treatment standard of "Recovery or
Incineration of Vented Ignitable Gases as Methods of Treatment" for these
wastes. This treatment standard will apply to all forms of the ignitable
compressed gases.
1.4.3 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory
The Agency believes that the development of a method of treatment is
better than establishment of a numeric standard for ignitable reactive
wastes. Any numerical treatment standards based on the demonstrated
deactivation technologies (i.e., chemical deactivation, open detonation)
would be difficult because there is no known analytical test designed to
measure uniformly and equitably the ignitability of these reactive
materials. Additionally, there are no EPA-approved tests that
distinguish the reactive chemical from the deactivated chemical (e.g.,
sodium).
Information does suggest that all these wastes can be treated by some
form of deactivation (e.g., open detonation and controlled chemical
deactivation) to remove the characteristic of ignitability for the D001
Ignitable Reactives. However, the Agency has determined that within the
D001 Ignitable Reactives Subcategory there appears to be a further
variety of different waste groups, each with a certain degree of
uniqueness with respect to hazard and handling requirements. Therefore,
the Agency believes that the actual method of "Deactivation" chosen for
each waste may be specific to that waste and may be best determined by
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the generator or the treater most knowledgeable as to the waste's unique
hazards and handling requirements. Furthermore, the Agency currently has
no information that suggests that one particular technology may be
generally applicable to all wastes within the D001 Ignitable Reactives
Subcategory, nor that there is one particular technology that can be
identified as "best." Hence, EPA is proposing "Deactivation as a Method
of Treatment" standard for these wastes. The Agency believes this is an
appropriate approach for these wastes since the hazardous characteristic
is based on imminent hazard (i.e., ignitability) rather than on other
criteria such as levels of hazardous constituents. Furthermore, by
establishing this as a treatment standard, the Agency believes that the
variance procedures could be used to provide a more complete evaluation
of the safety hazards associated with each deactivation or open
detonation procedure at individual facilities.
1.4.4 Oxidizers Subcategory
The Agency considered monitoring the treatment of wastes in this
group by the use of a sensor called an oxidation reduction potential
(ORP) cell. The ORF sensor electronically measures, in millivolts, the
level to which the oxidation reduction reaction has proceeded at any
given time. However, the ORP reading is pH dependent and varies by the
type of oxidizer. Additionally, the Agency has determined that within
the D001 Oxidizers Subcategory there appears to be a further variety of
different waste groups, each with a certain degree of uniqueness with
respect to hazard and handling requirements. As a result, EPA does not
believe that all wastes in this category are amenable to oxidation
reduction treatment (e.g., nonwastewaters) and that the actual method of
"Deactivation" chosen for each waste may be specific to that waste.
Deactivation technologies may be best determined by the generator or the
treater most knowledgeable as to the waste's unique hazards and handling
requirements. Furthermore, the Agency currently has no information that
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suggests that one particular technology nay be generally applicable to
all wastes within the D001 Oxidizer Subcategory, nor that there is one
particular technology that can be identified as "best."
Consequently, the Agency is proposing a treatment standard of
"Deactivation as a Method of Treatment" for D001 wastes in the Oxidizer
Subcategory based on the fact that deactivation will remove the
characteristics of ignitability. As stated previously for wastes in the
Ignitable Reactives Subcategory, the Agency believes that the variance
procedures could be used as a method of providing a more complete
evaluation of the safety hazards associated with each individual
deactivation or open detonation procedure at each facility.
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TABLE 1-1 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D001
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.21(a)(1)
INCINERATION, FUEL SUBSTITUTION,*
OR RECOVERY AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
IGNITABLE COMPRESSED GASES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.21(a)(3)
RECOVERY OR INCINERATION* OF VENTED**
IGNITABLE GASES AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
IGNITABLE REACTIVES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.21(a)(2)
DEACTIVATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
OXIDIZERS SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.21(a)(4)
DEACTIVATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
* Incinerators must comply with AO CFR, 264 Subpart 0 or 265 Subpart 0.
Fuel substitution units must be in compliance with 40 CFR Part 266
Subpart D.
** Ignitable gases may be vented directly into an incinerator or
into a suitable adsorbent prior to incineration. Although the
gases, once vented, are no longer compressed in a cylinder, the
Agency does not consider that treatment has occurred until the
ignitable gas has been incinerated. Adsorption of the ignitable gas
into either a solid or liquid adsorbent is typically a reversible
physical process. Thus, the ignitable chemical has not been
destroyed.
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2. CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES (D002)
According to 40 CFR 261.22(a), there are two criteria for defining a
waste as a D002 Corrosive Uaste. Paraphrasing these criteria, a waste
can be a D002 waste if (1) it is aqueous and has a pH less than or equal
to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5 or (2) it is a liquid and corrodes
steel at a specified rate at a specified temperature.
EPA determined that these criteria translated into three treatability
groups for D002 wastes. The first two treatability groups are classified
as the Acid subcategory and the Alkaline subcategory and refer to those
D002 wastes that exhibit the properties listed in §261.22(a)(1). The
Acid subcategory is defined as those wastes with a pH of less than or
equal to 2, and the Alkaline subcategory is defined as those wastes with
a pH of greater than or equal to 12.5. Also by definition, D002 wastes
in the Acid subcategory and Alkaline subcategory include only wastes that
are considered to be "aqueous." This is because standard pH measurement
can only be performed in the presence of water (i.e., pH is an indication
of the concentration of hydrogen ions in water). The third subcategory
is classified as the Other Corrosives subcategory and is defined as those
D002 wastes that exhibit the corrosivity to steel as listed in
§261.22(a)(2). These are often nonaqueous corrosive wastes such as
certain organic liquids. They may also be aqueous liquids with a pH
between 2 and 12.5.
2.1 Waste Characterization
The Agency realizes that the compositions of D002 can vary signifi-
cantly, and hence it is impossible to characterize every D002 waste
stream that can be generated. Consequently, the Agency based its BDAT
development on generalizations from the definition in 40 CFR and limited
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characterization data. The data available for D002 single waste streams
are shown in Table B-l in Appendix B.
Most of corrosive wastes are acidic (82 percent) and inorganic (82
percent) and are characterized as dilute (94.3 percent of liquids).
Typically, corrosive wastes that are disposed of by deep well injection
are likely to contain toxic organics, whereas landfilled wastes are
likely (38 percent) to contain heavy metals (Wilk 1988).
2.1.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories
D002 wastes in the Acid subcategory commonly include concentrated
spent acids, acidic wastewaters, and spent acid strippers and cleaners.
Similarly, those wastes in the Alkaline subcategory typically include
concentrated spent bases, alkaline wastewaters, and spent alkaline
strippers and cleaners. Most D002 wastes generated are in the Acid
subcategory. Wastes from both subcategorys are generated by almost every
industry and represent a significant proportion of all hazardous wastes.
2.1.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory
Wastes in the Other Corrosives subcategory are generated on a
sporadic basis and generally in low volumes. The Agency suspects that
these wastes are often identified as corrosives without performing the
specified testing with steel (i.e., the corrosivity of the waste may be
assumed because of the presence of known corrosive constituents). This
may also be due, in part, to the high cost of testing and to the
difficulties in finding laboratories that are experienced in steel
corrosion testing.
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The physical and chemical characteristics of this group of wastes
vary greatly. These wastes may be aqueous or organic. In addition, a
large variety of corrosive chemicals may be constituents in this type of
corrosive waste. The ability of the waste to corrode the tested steel
(i.e., SAE 1020 steel) depends on the concentration of corrosive
chemicals. Chemicals that may contribute to this corrosivity include
ferric chloride, benzene sulfonyl chloride, benzotrichloride, acetyl
chloride, formic acid, hydrofluoric acid, some catalysts, various resins,
metal cleaners, and etchants. Highly concentrated acids that have no
water content may also be included in this subcategory since pH
measurements are not possible on these types of wastes.
2.2 Industries Affected
Because of the diverse nature and magnitude (over 2,500 generators)
of the industries generating D002 wastes, EPA will not attempt to
describe every industry that generates characteristic corrosive wastes.
Table B-l located in Appendix B presents information from a number of
RCRA permitted facilities that generated D002 wastes in 1986. The
approximate volumes produced and a description of the industries
generating the wastes are included on the table. This information has
been gathered from the 1966 Generator Survey, and confidential business
information is not included. Table B-2 provides industrial generation
information on a percentage basis (Wilk 1988).
2.2.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories
Wastes from both of these subcategories are generated by nearly every
industry and represent a significant proportion of all hazardous wastes.
The primary industrial applications for acids and bases that
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result in generation of corrosive wastes are (1) use as chemical
intermediates in the inorganic and organic chemical manufacturing
industries; (2) use as metal cleaning agents in metal production and
fabrication industries; and (3) use in boiler blowdown and stack gas
treatment, primarily in electricity generating facilities. Other
significant corrosive waste sources include refining processes in the
petroleum industry and pulping liquor in the paper industry.
2.2.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory
Most of these wastes are generated by the chemicals industry and are
byproducts or cleaning wastes. Concentrated phenolics generated by the
petroleum industry are included in this subcategory. "Other organic
liquids" classified as D002 are generated by the noncellulosic organic
fibers industry, plastic materials and resins industry, and the paper
coating and glazing industry.
2.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies
This section describes the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies pertinent to the treatment of D002 wastes. To be applicable,
a technology must theoretically be usable to treat the waste in question
or a similar waste. To be demonstrated, the technology must be employed
in full-scale operation for the treatment of the waste in question or a
similar waste.
2.3.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategories
These subcategorys have been defined as hazardous because of their
extremes in pH. The technology identified by EPA as applicable for
treatment of these wastes is neutralization. Any neutralization
technology (i.e., the addition of acid or alkali to change the pH to an
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appropriate value) will completely remove the characteristic of pH below
2 or above 12.5, thereby rendering the waste noncorrosive with respect to
pH. Some facilities generate waste streams that fluctuate from the Acid
Subcategory to the Alkaline Subcategory depending upon what processes are
being used on a given day. The Agency believes that these facilities can
take advantage of the fluctuations in pH by mixing the acid streams with
the alkaline streams, hence performing onsite neutralization. The Agency
has information indicating that most D002 wastes in both the Acid and
Alkaline Subcategories are already being treated by neutralization; thus,
neutralization is demonstrated to treat such wastes (USEPA 1989c).
The choice of neutralizing reagents is dependent upon the subcategory
of the waste, i.e., the acid wastes will require bases for neutralization
and alkaline wastes will require acids. Alkaline reagents commonly used
to neutralize strongly acidic waste streams include high calcium lime and
caustic soda. For the treatment of dilute acidic waste streams,
limestone treatment may also be feasible. Mineral acids such as sulfuric
or hydrochloric acid are the primary reagents used for the neutralization
of corrosive alkaline waste streams (Vilk 1988).
Pretreatment requirements prior to neutralization typically consist
of gross solids removal (i.e., filtration), flow equalization, or
treatment of individual waste streams before combining with other process
wastes. Treatment of segregated wastes for purposes other than pH
adjustment results in economic benefits from reduced reagent costs and
smaller equipment sizing. Common pretreatment processes include cyanide
destruction, chromium reduction, metals precipitation from highly
chelated wastes, and oil removal.
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Neutralization with chemicals is not the same as simple dilution to
achieve a neutral pH. While dilution causes a change in pH (i.e., change
in the concentration of the hydronium ion), that change is merely the
addition of significant quantities of water in order to arrive at a
neutral pH, with the ions associated with the acid (or base) remaining in
solution. Neutralization with chemicals (i.e., acids or bases) involves
a chemical reaction that uses a chemical change to achieve neutral pH,
with the ions either remaining in solution or precipitating as a sludge.
When selecting neutralization reagents, it is important to consider
the solubility of the salts produced as a result of neutralization. This
is illustrated by the following scenario. Chemical neutralization of
1 gallon of concentrated sulfuric acid with caustic (sodium hydroxide)
results in 21 pounds of soluble salts (in the form of sodium sulfate)
that, if improperly managed, could adversely impact fresh water
ecosystems. However, chemical neutralization with lime (calcium
hydroxide) results in 20 pounds of relatively insoluble, nontoxic sludge
that would have to be land disposed or otherwise recovered. (This solid
waste could potentially be recycled or reused depending upon other
constituents such as metals that may co-precipitate along with the
solids.) In fact, data from the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) indicate
that sodium sulfate is the chemical being discharged in largest volumes
to surface water. Therefore, the Agency prefers to neutralize D002
wastes so that relatively nontoxic solid wastes are generated rather than
wastewater discharges with high dissolved solid confnts, which could
adversely impact fresh water ecosystems. This is further illustrated by
the discharge of soluble nitrate (either from neutralization or from
dilution of nitric acid, the second most frequently used acid in
industry) and soluble phosphate (from phosphoric acid). Both of these
ions are considered nutrients to aquatic ecosystems, and at low levels
contribute to the overall growth of fresh water ecosystems. However, the
discharge of excessive amounts (or slugs of concentrations) of these ions
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could expedite algal growth and adversely impact the balance of the
ecosystems.
In addition to neutralization technologies, the Agency has
information indicating that several facilities are recovering wastes
belonging to the D002 Acid subcategory and Alkaline subcategory. Hence,
the Agency believes that recovery technologies are also demonstrated to
treat D002 acid and alkaline wastes.
2.3.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory
For D002 wastes in the Other Corrosives subcategory, deactivation
(i.e., chemical treatment) appears to be an applicable treatment option.
In some cases, deactivation of the corrosive constituents of the waste
with an appropriate chemical reagent will render the constituent
noncorrosive. An example of this treatment would be the reaction of
benzene sulfonyl chloride with dilute sodium hydroxide solution under
carefully controlled conditions that will yield a solution containing
sodium benzene-sulfonate and sodium chloride that no longer has any of
the characteristics of a hazardous waste.
Incineration of D002 wastes that contain high concentrations of
corrosive organics is also a common practice. The Agency has identified
at least one facility incinerating wastes in this subcategory; hence,
incineration is demonstrated. Because of the wide variety of corrosive
organics, however, the Agency does not believe that incineration is
applicable treatment for each waste in this subcategory.
/
Removal and recovery of either organic or inorganic corrosive
constituents may also be an applicable technology that could render these
wastes noncorrosive. Recovery could involve extraction of the corrosive
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constituents, until the waste itself is no longer considered corrosive
(to SAE 1020 steel). Organics present in the wastewater may be recovered
by technologies such as distillation, steam stripping, solvent extraction
or thin film evaporation. The Agency has identified at least one
facility using recovery technologies for treatment of D002 wastes in this
subcategory and, therefore, recovery is demonstrated to treat D002 acid
or alkaline wastes (USEPA 1989d).
2.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology CBDAT^
The Agency believes that there are two major options for evaluating
potential treatment standards for D002 characteristic wastes:
(1) propose numerical treatment standards, and (2) establish a method of
treatment. Proposed treatment standards for D002 are summarized in Table
2-1 at the end of this section.
It is important to point out that the residues from all
neutralization processes may possibly be considered hazardous wastes by
other hazardous waste definitions. In particular, the neutralization
sludge residues may exhibit the characteristic of EP toxicity for metals.
2.4.1 Acid/Alkaline Subcategory
EPA is proposing a treatment standard of "Base Neutralization to pH 6
to 9 and Insoluble Salts" for the D002 Acidic Subcategory. Likewise, EPA
is proposing a treatment standard of "Acid Neutralization to pH 6 to 9
and Insoluble Salts" for the D002 Alkaline Subcategory.
The Agency is proposing a range of pH 6 to 9 instead of the
characteristic range of pH 2 to 12.5 for several reasons. First,
hydronium ions from acids solubilize cations from clay liners, impacting
their ability to act as barriers to migration. Moreover, acid wastes
between pH 2 and 6 can increase the mobility of many hazardous
constituents in ground water relative to wastes in the pH range of 6 to 9.
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The Agency prefers neutralization of corrosive wastes over simple
dilution because dilution merely creates a larger volume of wastes, but
does not treat or remove hazardous constituents in the wastes. Moreover,
neutralization conserves natural resources and protects aquatic
ecosystems. An example of how neutralization conserves natural resources
(i.e., water) is shown in the following scenario. Dilution of 1 gallon
of the most frequently used industrial acid, concentrated sulfuric acid,
to a pH of just above 2 requires 3,600 gallons of water. Dilution to
completely neutralize the concentrated sulfuric acid to a pH of 7 would
require approximately 360,000,000 gallons of water. On the other hand,
1 gallon of this acid can be neutralized to pH 7 with only 12 pounds of
caustic (sodium hydroxide) or only 11 pounds of lime (calcium
hydroxide). Treatment to achieve pH 2 actually requires slightly less
caustic or lime; however, the amount is not substantially less than the
amount required to neutralize to pH 7.
The Agency recognizes, however, that dilution to facilitate treatment
may be necessary (i.e. , the added water serves as a heat sink that is
necessary to control very exothermic reactions or toxic air emissions).
Dilution to facilitate treatment is not prohibited.
EPA is also proposing "Recovery as a Method" as a treatment
standard. Recovery options have been demonstrated for a variety of
corrosive wastes. While recovery options may be preferred over
neutralization, the end result of no land disposal of a corrosive waste
is the same. The choice between neutralization and recovery may be made
by the generator or a centralized treatment operation, according to the
applicability and performance of a given type of acid/base recovery
system. Once the material becomes a recovered product, it is no longer a
RCRA-regulated material, even if it remains corrosive.
By establishing these treatment standards, the Agency believes that a
variance from this standard could be considered for D002 wastes that
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cannot be effectively neutralized (40 CFR 268.44). Such a situation
could occur for small quantities of corrosive materials containing
extremely toxic or otherwise hazardous chemicals that may cause an
unnecessary risk during neutralization.
The Agency is aware that regulations were promulgated for liquid
wastes having a pH of less than or equal to 2.0 in the California List
final rule (52 FR 25760) by codifying the statutory level of pH greater
than 2.0 into 40 CFR 268.32. This rulemaking, however, is not adequate
to address the universe of D002 wastes. The California List restrictions
apply only to liquid "corrosive wastes," without specifically identifying
them as D002 wastes. Furthermore, the California List final rule did not
specify neutralization as a required treatment standard; in fact, the
waste may be merely rendered nonliquid prior to land disposal and still
satisfy the California List requirements. Therefore, the Agency is today
proposing treatment standards for D002 wastes that will supersede the
California List regulations because today's standards are more specific.
2.4.2 Other Corrosives Subcategory
EPA is proposing a treatment standard of "Deactivation: SAE 1020
Steel Corrosion Rate <6.35 mm/yr" for D002 wastes in the Other Corrosives
Subcategory. The Agency believes that this is an appropriate approach
for these wastes since the hazardous characteristic is based on imminent
hazard (i.e., the corrosivity to steel may cause rupture of a tank or
container, thus releasing the contents either suddenly or through leaks),
rather than on other criteria such as levels of hazardous constituents.
The standard will allow treatment with technologies such as chemical
deactivation, incineration, or recovery to remove the hazardous corrosive
characteristic from the waste. Additionally, by establishing this
standard, the Agency believes that a variance from it could then be
considered for D002 wastes that could not be effectively deactivated.
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TABLE 2-1 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D002
ACID SUBCATEGORY
261.22(a)(1)
NEUTRALIZATION WITH BASES TO: 6< pH <9 AS INSOLUBLE SALTS
OR RECOVERY AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D002
ALKALINE SUBCATEGORY
261.22(a)(1)
NEUTRALIZATION WITH ACIDS TO: 6< pH <9 AS INSOLUBLE SALTS
OR RECOVERY AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D002
OTHER CORROSIVES
261.22(a)2
DEACTIVATION TO: SAE 1020 STEEL CORROSION RATE
<6.35 mm/yr AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
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3. CHARACTERISTIC REACTIVE WASTES (D003)
According to 40 CFR 261.23(a), there are eight criteria for defining
a waste as a D003 Reactive Waste. Paraphrasing these criteria, a waste
can be a D003 waste if (1) it is unstable and readily undergoes violent
changes without detonating; (2) it reacts violently with water; (3) it
forms potentially explosive mixtures with water; (4) when mixed with
water, it generates toxic gases; (5) it is a cyanide- or sulfide-bearing
waste that, under certain conditions, can generate toxic gases; (6) it is
capable of detonation or explosive reaction if it is subjected to a
strong initiating source or if heated under confinement; (7) it is
readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at
standard temperature and pressure; or (8) it is a forbidden explosive, a
Class A explosive, or a Class B explosive.
EPA determined that these eight criteria translated directly into
five treatability groups for D003 wastes. The first treatability group
is classified as Reactive Cyanides Subcategory and refers to those D003
wastes that exhibit the properties listed in §261.23(a)(5) for
cyanide. The second treatability group is classified as the Explosives
Subcategory and refers to those D003 wastes that exhibit the properties
listed in §§261.23(a)(6) through 261.23(a)(8). The third
treatability group is classified as the Water Reactives Subcategory and
refers to those D003 wastes that exhibit the properties listed in
§§261.23(a)(2) through 262.23(a)(4). The fourth treatability
group is classified as the Reactive Sulfides Subcategory and refers to
those D003 wastes that exhibit the properties listed in §261.23(a)(5)
for sulfide. The fifth treatability group is classified as the Other
Reactives Subcategory and refers to those D003 wastes that exhibit the
properties listed in §261.23(a)(1).
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3.1 Waste Characterization
The Agency realizes that the compositions of D003 can vary
significantly; hence, the Agency will not attempt to characterize every
D003 waste stream that can be generated. Consequently, the Agency bases
its BDAT development on a generalization of characteristics for each of
the five subcategories listed previously. Tables C-l and C-2 in
Appendix C present some characterization for the RCRA-permitted
facilities that generate D003 and D003 wastes mixed with other
RCRA-listed and characteristic wastes, respectively.
3.1.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Reactive Cyanides Subcategory are, by definition,
those cyanide-bearing wastes that generate toxic gases (assumed to be
hydrogen cyanide) when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5 in a
sufficient quantity to present a danger to human health and the
environment. The majority (by volume) of all D003 wastes that are
generated can be identified as belonging to the Reactive Cyanides
Subcategory. These are typically solid cyanide compounds from plating
operations and rinse waters from electroplating or heat treating. The
data in Table C-3 in Appendix C show that the nonwastewaters can contain
concentrations up to 70 percent cyanide and the wastewaters can contain
up to 720 ppm cyanide.
3.1.2 Explosives Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Explosives Subcategory are, by definition, those
wastes that are (1) capable of detonation or explosive reaction if
subjected to a strong initiating source; (2) if heated under confinement,
readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition r reaction at
standard temperature and pressure; or (3) a forbidden explosive as
defined in 49 CRF 173.51, a Class A explosive as defined in 49 CFR
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173.53, or a Class B explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.88. These
definitions, as presented in 49 CFR, can be found in Appendix D of this
document.
While these wastes are not generated as frequently as the reactive
cyanides, they are generated more often than all other reactive
subcategories. The available characterization data for this subcategory
are shown on Tables C-4 and C-5 in Appendix C. These data show wastes
containing nitrocellulose, ethyl centralite, isomers of TNT,
nitroglycerin, and other explosive compounds. Most of these wastes in
the Explosive Subcategory appear to be solids.
3.1.3 Water Reactives Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Water Reactives Subcategory can be either organic
or inorganic in nature. All of these wastes (1) react violently with
water; (2) form potentially explosive mixtures with water; or (3) when
mixed with water, generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity
sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment. These
wastes are generated on a sporadic basis and generally in low volumes.
Wastes believed to be in the Water Reactive Subcategory are shown in
Table C-6 in Appendix C. Wastes in the Water Reactives Subcategory
include waste batteries (probably lithium), slags generated by the gray
iron foundries industry, and scrap alkali metals. Additionally, wastes
containing benzalchloride are water reactive. Benzotrichloride exists as
an unstable liquid that fumes in air and hydrolyzes in the presence of
moisture, forming benzoic and hydrochloric acids.
3.1.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Reactive Sulfides Subcategory are, by definition,
those sulfide-bearing wastes that generate toxic gases (assumed to be
H2S) when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5 in a sufficient
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quantity to present a danger to human health and the environment. The
Agency believes that some of these wastes may also be contaminated with
organic sulfides such as mercaptans. The data in Table C-7 in Appendix C
show that petroleum wastes can contain up to 60 percent sulfides. These
wastes are by BDAT definition nonwastewaters. The wastewaters can
contain up to 4.3 percent sulfides.
3.1.5 Other Reactives Subcategory
D003 wastes in the Other Reactives Subcategory are wastes that are
normally unstable and readily undergo violent change without detonating.
These wastes may be either organic or inorganic. Information suggests
that these wastes are infrequently generated and probably in small
quantities. The data in Table C-8 in Appendix C show characterization
data for wastes believed to be in the D003 Other Reactives Subcategory.
Host of these wastes are reactive or polymerizable organics generated
during halogenation and may contain fluorine.
3.2 Industries Affected
Because of the diversity of industries generating D003 wastes, the
Agency will not describe every industry that generates characteristic
reactive wastes. Tables C-l and C-2 located in Appendix C present
industry descriptions of the RCRA-permitted facilities that generated
D003 wastes and D003 mixed wastes, respectively. The approximate volumes
produced and the current waste management practices are also included on
both tables. This information has been gathered from the 1986 TSDR
Survey (USEPA 1986), and confidential business information is not
included. The following are brief summaries describing by subcategory
the industries that will be affected by the land disposal ban of D003
wastes.
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3.2.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory
As stated in the waste characterization section, the majority of the
quantity of all D003 wastes that are generated can be identified as
belonging to the Reactive Cyanides Subcategory. These D003 wastes
typically have been identified as being generated by the electroplating
and metal finishing industries and include mixed cyanide salts, cyanide
solutions, and cyanide-bearing sludges.
3.2.2 Explosives Subcategory
These wastes typically have been identified as being generated by the
explosives industry during the production of ammunition by the space
industry during the production of rocket fuels and by the U.S. Department
of Defense. The medical industry also generates an explosive waste
possibly containing nitroglycerin, since this compound is used in heart
medicine.
3.2.3 Water Reactives Subcategory
The generators of wastes in this subcategory are primarily those
industries using or producing alkali metals, for example, the chemicals
industry and a few segments of the nonferrous metals industry. Other
generators include facilities discarding lithium batteries. The organic
chemicals industry also generates wastes containing benzalchloride.
3.2.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory
Industries generating wastes containing reactive sulfides include the
industrial organic chemicals industry during "cleanout of equipment," the
petroleum industry during "cleanout of production processes," and the
inorganic chemicals industry during "filtration/centrifuging" processes.
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3.2.5 Other Reactives Subcategory
The Agency has limited information concerning wastes in this
subcategory. It is believed that most wastes in the Other Reactives
Subcategory are generated mainly by the organic chemicals industry during
halogenation processes.
3.3 Applicable/Demonstrated Technologies
This section describes the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies pertinent to the treatment of D003 wastes and current
management practices for these wastes. To be applicable, a technology
must theoretically be usable to treat the waste in question or a similar
waste. To be demonstrated, the technology must be employed in full-scale
operation for the treatment of the waste in question or of a similar
waste.
Host generators of D003 wastes are currently performing some form of
treatment. The reason for this is because reactive wastes are already
restricted from placement in surface impoundments, waste piles, land
treatment units, and landfills according to 40 CFR 264.229, 264.256,
264.281, and 264.312, respectively. The following paragraph is
paraphrased from the CFR for disposal requirements for reactive wastes:
Reactive waste must not be placed in a surface f-npoundment, waste
pile, land treatment unit, or landfill, unless the following
conditions are met. (1) The waste is treated, rendered, or mixed
before or immediately after placement in the impoundment so that the
resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets
the definition of reactive waste. (2) The owner or'operator of a
facility that treats, stores, or disposes of reactive waste takes
precautions to prevent reactions that generate extreme heat or
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pressure, fire or explosions, or violent reactions; produce
uncontrolled toxic mists, fumes, dusts, or gases in sufficient
quantities to threaten human health or the environment; produce
uncontrolled flammable fumes or gases in sufficient quantities to
pose a risk of fire or explosions; damage the structural integrity of
the device or facility; or threaten human health or the environment
through other like means. (3) The waste is managed in such a way
that it is protected from any material or conditions that may cause
it to ignite or react.
3.3.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory
Reactive cyanide wastes are already restricted from disposal in
landfills under existing regulations of wastes containing reactive
listing constituents. Under the California List restrictions, the
statute already prohibits liquid wastes having free cyanide
concentrations in excess of 1,000 mg/kg (ppm) from being land disposed,
as codified in §268.31. However, these restrictions refer to these
wastes only as "cyanide wastes" without specifically identifying them as
D003 wastes or any of the other wastes listed for their cyanide content.
The statutory restriction did not specify any treatment technology, nor
did it establish the 1,000 mg/kg as a "treatment standard." While these
liquid reactive cyanide wastes are not typically placed in most types of
land disposal units, it is possible that some have been or are being
placed in surface impoundments. Technologies considered to be
applicable/demonstrated to treat wastes in the Reactive Cyanides
subcategory are those technologies that destroy the cyanide in the waste.
EPA has identified six technologies as potentially applicable for
treatment of cyanides in both wastewaters and nonwastewaters:
(1) electrolytic oxidation; (2) chemical oxidation with several oxidizing
agents, such as hypochlorite or chlorine (alkaline chlorination),
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permanganate, ozone, or SC^/air (Inco process); (3) wet air oxidation;
(4) high temperature cyanide hydrolysis; and (5) incineration. The first
four technologies are most effective in treatment of cyanide in wastes
that contain primarily dissolved or soluble cyanide salts, but are also
applicable to treatment of wastewater treatment sludges and other solids
that contain treatable concentrations of cyanide. Incineration is
applicable to nonwastewater forms of the wastes.
Electrolytic oxidation followed by alkaline chlorination, chemical
oxidation (alkaline chlorination or other methods) alone, electrolytic
oxidation alone, wet air oxidation, and high temperature hydrolysis
reduce the concentration of cyanide in the wastewaters or nonwastewaters
treated. These technologies fully destroy the amenable cyanide present
in the waste, but treat the complexed cyanides to varying degrees,
depending on, among other things, the stability of the metal-cyanide
complex and the severity of the oxidizing agent and reaction conditions.
Iron cyanide complexes are typically the most resistant to oxidation
treatment.
EPA has identified incineration as an applicable technology for
treatment of cyanide in wastes containing high concentrations of
organics. Incineration is a thermal treatment process that destroys the
organic and oxidizable inorganic waste constituents. Incineration of
this waste generates an ash and a scrubber water that may require further
treatment for metallic constituents if present.
Available information shows that electrolytic oxidation followed by
alkaline chlorination, alkaline chlorination alone, wet air oxidation,
high temperature hydrolysis, S02/air oxidation, and incineration, is
demonstrated for treatment of concentrated cyanide-containing wastes.
The Agency believes that most D003 Reactive Cyanides are already being
treated by alkaline chlorination or electrolytic oxidation. They
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typically contain high concentrations of the cyanide compounds. Many
oxidation/reduction technologies, such as alkaline chlorination or
electrolytic oxidation, are believed to be able to lower the
concentration of cyanide so that the waste will not contain reactive
levels of cyanides, thereby removing the hazardous characteristic.
3.3.2 Explosives Subcategory
The Agency has identified open detonation, open burning, and
incineration as applicable methods of treatment. All of these processes
would be expected to remove the explosive characteristic of D003 waste
permanently.
Open detonation involves a violent chemical reaction within a
chemical compound or mechanical mixture evolving heat and pressure. The
reaction proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted
material at a supersonic velocity.
Open burning is the burning of materials in the open air, either on
the ground surface or in a containment device, without significant
control of the combustion and in such a manner that the products of
combustion are emitted directly into the ambient air without passing
through a device intended to control gaseous or particulate emissions.
Improper management of the ash/residue and contaminated soil
generated at the open burning unit may result in environmental
contamination through the air, soil, and subsurface and surface water
pathways. For example, the ash must be sampled to determine whether it
is a hazardous waste through the use of the reactivity and EP toxicity
analyses. The Department of Defense (DOD) community typically uses the
Bureau of Mines gap test and the detonation deflagration transition test
to determine whether a sample is reactive (Department of the Army 1987);
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however, there is no approved EPA method. Additionally, some reactive
hazardous wastes may generate residues that may contain nitrates and
perchlorates in concentrations sufficiently high to qualify as oxidizers
as defined in 49 CFR 173.151. In that case, these residues would be
ignitable hazardous wastes (D001). This oxidizer determination would
only be necessary where wastes that could possibly generate oxidizers are
thermally treated.
Incineration is also an applicable technology. Incineration is a
technology that destroys the organic constituents in the waste by
converting them to carbon dioxide, water, and other combustion products.
Incineration may result in residuals that may require treatment because
of their metal content. Specifically, the residuals consist of ash and
scrubber water. Incineration of highly explosive constituents may
require treatment in units that are specially designed and fitted with
certain explosion-proof equipment. These types of units are not
typically found at commercial incineration facilities. The Agency is
aware that these types of units are currently used for many of the DOD
explosive wastes and that there appears to be a trend to decrease the
reliance on open detonation for these wastes.
Uhile these explosive wastes are not typically placed in most types
of land disposal units, it was common practice to thermally destruct
(i.e., open detonate, open bum) these wastes. In fact, the Agency
believes that most D003 wastes that are generated in the Explosives
Subcategory are currently treated by open burning, open detonation, or
incineration in specially designed units; hence, these technologies are
all demonstrated.
3.3.3 Water Reactive Subcategory
Because of their violent reactivity with water, these wastes are not
typically placed in land disposal units and certainly are not generally
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placed in surface impoundments. Applicable treatment technologies for
these wastes would be to react the wastes with water under controlled
conditions or controlled detonation; however, these reactions are often
vigorous and extremely difficult to control. The most common treatment
for these wastes is actually controlled reaction with water and
neutralization of the acid or alkali solution generated. A less common
method is controlled detonation. During detonation, it is theorized that
the reactive organic constituents are destroyed by the explosion and that
the reactive inorganic constituents form less hazardous oxides or react
with other chemicals in the explosion (such as moisture from the air).
The Agency has information indicating that several facilities are
treating water reactive wastes with deactivation technologies like
hydrolysis. Consequently, the Agency believes hydrolysis to be
demonstrated to treat water reactive wastes.
3.3.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory
Applicable treatment for sulfide wastes would be to chemically
convert the reactive sulfides to sulfur, to insoluble metallic sulfide
salts, or to insoluble sulfates that can be removed or recovered. Some
data indicate that these wastes can be treated by alkaline chlorination,
incineration, or chemical deactivation techniques. The Agency has
information indicating that at least one facility is using alkaline
chlorination and at least one facility is using incineration to treat
D003 Reactive Sulfides, hence, bottf technologies are demonstrated. In
some instances, the D003 may be in a form amenable to recovery of sulfur
by sulfuric acid production from incineration of stack gases. The Agency
knows of one facility currently burning D003 Reactive Sulfide Wastes in
an incinerator with a scrubber to produce sulfuric acid.
The Agency believes that some of these wastes may also be
contaminated with organic sulfides known as nercaptans. These malodorous
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chemicals are believed to complicate the treatment of these reactive
sulfide wastes. The Agency has information indicating that mercaptans
can be oxidized to sulfates and the corresponding acid using chlorine
dioxide (McGlatheny 1989). Consequently, EPA belives chemical oxidation
to be demonstrated to treat D003 sulfide reactive wastes.
3.3.5 Other Reactives Subcategory
The Agency suspects that while these wastes may be generated, it is
unlikely that they would require placement in any type of land disposal
unit. In general, the Agency believes that these unstable wastes can be
deactivated using either incineration in special units or open
detonation. The Agency has information indicating that one facility is
using "heat treatment of a reactive fluorocarbon contaminated wastewater"
to deactivate a waste believed to belong in this subcategory. As a
result, the Agency believes that deactivation technologies are
demonstrated to treat wastes in the Other Reactives Subcategory.
3.4 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT^
The Agency believes that there are two major options for evaluating
potential standards for each D003 characteristic waste subcategory. The
first option is for EPA to propose numerical treatment standards.
However, for all subcategories of D003 wastes except the reactive
cyanides, the Agency believes that development of ary numerical treatment
standards, based on any' of the appropriate deactivation techniques, would
be difficult because there is no known analytical test designed to
measure the reactivity for these wastes, nor is there a test that
distinguishes the reactive chemical from the deactivated chemical (e.g.,
sodium). The second option is to propose a method or sequence of methods
of treatment as BDAT. Table 3-1 located at the end of this chapter
presents the proposed treatment standards for all subcategories of D003.
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All of the known treatment processes for the five subcategories of
D003 Reactive Wastes can result in significant amounts of solid
residues. These residues may or may not exhibit the characteristic of EP
toxicity for metals. Instead of trying to establish metal standards for
these residues, the Agency prefers to regulate land disposal of them only
if they appear to be EP toxic wastes. Thus, the Agency is currently not
considering proposing standards for metals in the residues from the
deactivation of D003 wastes.
It is important to note that management practices have already been
established for reactive wastes in surface impoundments, waste piles,
land treatment units, and landfills (see 40 CFR 264.229, 265.256, 264.281,
and 264.312, as well as 265.229, 265.256, 265.281, and 265.312). When
finalized, the treatment standards proposed today for reactive (D003)
wastes will supersede the above-mentioned provisions and exclusions for
permissible land disposal of these wastes outlined in Parts 264 and 265.
Therefore, the Agency is proposing to revoke these sections. Facilities
handling reactive wastes will have to comply with the promulgated
treatment standards for these wastes in order to land dispose them.
The Agency is revoking the 40 CFR 264 and 265 sections to avoid
potential conflicts between these proposed treatment standards and
existing land disposal provisions for D003 wastes. The Agency believes
that protection of human health and the environment will be better
accomplished, since compliance with the treatment standards will render
these wastes nonhazardous by permanently eliminating the characteristic
(reactivity).
3.4.1 Reactive Cyanides Subcategory
EPA is proposing treatment standards for wastes in the D003 Reactive
Cyanides Subcategory as the direct transfer of concentration-based
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treatment standards for total and amenable cyanides from treatment
standards developed for the Second Third final rule for wastewaters and
nonwastewaters for cyanide wastes (e.g., F011, F012, and P030). For the
purpose of determining the applicability of the treatment standards, the
Agency defined wastewaters as wastes containing less than 1 percent
(weight basis) total suspended solids and less than 1 percent (weight
basis) total organic carbon (TOC). Waste not meeting this definition
must comply with the treatment standards for nonwastewaters. Since the
Agency has data indicating that the wastes can exit in both wastewater
and nonwastewater forms and the Agency has performance data for each
form, EPA is proposing to establish numerical standards for D003
wastewater and nonwastewater.
The Agency believes that 0003 wastes more closely resemble P030
rather than F006-F009 wastes because D003 wastes are listed as "reactive"
cyanides and P030 represents "soluble" cyanides, which are likely to
liberate hydrogen cyanide when acidified. The Agency believes that DO03
wastes that cannot meet the proposed treatment standards may potentially
be mislabeled and perhaps are not "reactive" cyanides. It is possible
that some generators are misclassifying their F wastes (i.e., F006
through F012) as D003. By establishing the lower standard for D003
wastes, the Agency may actually encourage proper identification of the F
cyanide wastes. Higher cyanide standards have been promulgated for these
F cyanides because they are known to contain interferences and a
significant concentration of complexed cyanides rather than "reactive" or
"soluble" cyanides. For more information on the development of this
standard, see the background document for cyanide wastes (USEPA 1986b).
3.4.2 Explosives Subcategory
The Agency believes that most D003 wastes that are generated in the
Explosives Subcategory are currently treated by thermal destruction
saoi
3-14
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(i.e., open detonation or incineration in specially designed units). By
simple deduction, this process would be expected to remove the explosive
characteristic of the D003 waste.
Because of the large number of explosive formulations and the
difference in applicable treatments (Department of the Army 1984), the
Agency is proposing a standard of "Deactivation as a Method of Treatment"
for wastes in this group. By establishing this standard, the Agency is
allowing the regulated community to use that treatment technology (i.e.,
incineration, chemical deactivation, etc.) which best fits the type of
explosive waste requiring treatment. Furthermore, by establishing this
as a treatment standard, the Agency believes that the variance procedures
could be used as a method of providing a more complete evaluation of the
safety hazards associated with each individual deactivation or open
detonation procedure at each facility. This may be the preferred
approach, in that (1) it appears to provide more assurance of the
protection of human health and the environment at each individual site by
providing a more extensive technical evaluation by regulatory personnel;
(2) it allows the wastes to be treated by any treatment technology that
may be developed (such as specially designed incineration units); and
(3) it also bans most forms of land disposal.
3.4.3 Vater Reactives Subcategory
The Agency is proposing a standard of "Deactivation as a Method of
Treatment" for the D003 wastes containing reactive listing constituents
in the Water Reactives Subcategory. The Agency believes this is an
appropriate approach for these wastes since the hazardous characteristic
is based on imminent hazard (i.e., potential violent reaction with water)
rather than on other criteria such as levels of hazardous constituents
and that technologies exist that can completely remove these
characteristics.
284 St
3-15
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By establishing deactivation as a treatment standard, the Agency-
believes that the variance procedures could be used as a method of
providing a more complete evaluation of the safety hazards associated
with each individual deactivation or open detonation procedure at each
facility. This may be the preferred approach in that (1) it appears to
provide more assurance of the protection of human health and the
environment at each site by providing a more extensive technical
evaluation by regulatory personnel; (2) it allows the wastes to be
treated by any treatment technology that may be developed (such as
controlled hydrolysis); and (3) it also bans most forms of land
disposal.
3.4.4 Reactive Sulfides Subcategory
The Agency is in the process of developing a quantitative threshold
for toxic gas generation for reactive sulfide wastes. The interim value
the Agency is considering is 500 milligrams of hydrogen sulfide generated
per kilogram of waste (Claussen). Since, the Agency has not yet approved
a standard analytical method for testing either sulfides or reactive
sulfides in hazardous wastes or in nonwastewater treatment residues, the
Agency is unable to propose a numerical treatment standard for D003
wastes in this subcategory at this time. However, it may develop a
method and establish numerical standards for wastes in this group in the
future. Consequently,
EPA is proposing a treatment standard of "Alkaline Chlorination, Chemical
Oxidation, or Incineration Followed by Precipitation to Insoluble
Sulfates."
3.4.5 Other Reactives Subcategory
The Agency is proposing a standard of "Deactivation as a Method of
Treatment" for wastes in this subcategory because of their uniqueness
2S4H
3-16
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with respect to hazard and handling requirements. By simple dedueftion,
this process would be expected to remove the reactive characteristic of
the D003 waste.
By establishing this standard, the Agency is allowing the regulated
community to use that treatment technology (i.e., incineration, chemical
deactivation, etc.) which best fits the type of reactive waste requiring
treatment, the Agency believes this is an appropriate approach for these
wastes since the hazardous characteristic is based on imminent hazard
(e.g., violent reactions). Further, by establishing this as a treatment
standard, the Agency believes that the variance procedures could be used
as a method of providing a more complete evaluation of the safety hazards
associated with each deactivation procedure at each facility.
2845S
3-17
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TABLE 3-1 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR D003
REACTIVE CYANIDES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.23(a)(5)
[Nonwastewaters]
Maximum for any
ginek grab
Regulated Total Composition
Constituent (n»g/kg)
Cyanides (Total) 110
Cyanides (Amenable) 9.1
REACTIVE CYANIDES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.23(a)(5)
[Wastewaters]
Maximum for any
Single Grab Sample
Regulated Total Composition
Constituent (mg/1)
Cyanides (Total) 1.9
Cyanides (Amenable) 0.10
REACTIVE SULFIDES SUBCATEGORY
BASED ON 261.23(a)(5)
ALKALINE CHLORINATION, CHEMICAL OXIDaHON OR
INCINERATION* FOLLOWED BY PRECIPITATION TO
INSOLUBLE SULFATES AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
EXPLOSIVES, WATER REACTIVES,
AND OTHER REACTIVES SUBCATEGORIES
BASED ON 261.23(a)(6), 261.23(a)(2) THROUGH (A),
AND 261.23(a)(1), RESPECTIVELY
DEACTIVATION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
* ' Incinerators must comply with 40 CFR 264 Subpart 0 or 265 Subpart 0.
3-18
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4. P AND U WASTES CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
This chapter describes regulations for the RCRA-listed P and U wastes
containing reactive listing constituents. These wastes pose a
significant risk during handling because of their reactivity.
Development of BDAT for P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents has been added to this document since some of these wastes
may be similar to some D003 wastes based on the characteristic of
reactivity. The hazardous wastes with hazardous waste codes beginning
with P are identified as acute hazardous waste, while the hazardous waste
codes beginning with U identify toxic wastes. Whether a waste is an
acute hazardous waste or a toxic waste generally has no bearing on the
treatability of the waste. The following is the list of P and U wastes
containing reactive listing constituents:
P006
- Aluminum phosphide
U023
Benzotrichloride
P009
- Ammonium picrate
U086
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
P015
- Beryllium dust
U096
a,a-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
P056
- Fluorine
U098
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
P068
- Methyl hydrazine
U099
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
P073
- Nickel carbonyl
U103
Dimethyl sulfate
P081
- Nitroglycerine
U109
Diphenylhydrazine
P087
- Osmium tetroxide
U134
Hydrogen fluoride
P096
- Phosphine
U133
Hydrazine
P105
- Sodium azide
U135
Hydrogen sulfide
P112
• Tetranitromethane
U160
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
P122
- Zinc phosphide (>10%)
U189
Phosphoric sulfide
U249
Zinc phosphide (<10X)
It should be mentioned that strontium sulfide (P107) was a reactive
listing constituent. However, the Agency is not regulating P107 because
on October 31, 1988, it was removed from Appendix VIII of Part 261, the
list of RCRA hazardous constituents. EPA took this action because
strontium sulfide, even when improperly treated, stored, transported,
disposed of, or otherwise managed, does not pose a significant hazard to
human health or the environment.
4-1
3073s
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However, wastes containing strontium sulfide are not released from
regulatory control voider RCRA. If a waste contains high concentrations
of strontium sulfide, it may exhibit the characteristic of reactivity
(40 CFR 261.23(a)(5)) (i.e., a sulfide-bearing waste that, when exposed
to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases (e.g.,
HgS), vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to
human health or the environment). If the wastes exhibit the
characteristic of reactivity, they must be handled as characteristic
hazardous wastes in the D003 Reactive Sulfide Subcategory as described in
this document.
4.1 Waste Characterization
According to 40 CFR 261.33, the P and U codes presented above are
essentially commercial chemical products (or intermediates) and become
hazardous wastes when they are discarded or are intended to be discarded;
when they are mixed with waste oil, used oil, or another material; when
they are applied to the land for dust suppression or road treatment; when
they are otherwise applied to the land in lieu of their original intended
use or when they are contained in products that are applied to the land
in lieu of their original intended use; or when, in lieu of their
original intended use, they are produced for use as (or as a component
of) a fuel, distributed for use as a fuel, or burned as a fuel.
These materials can be present in different form**:
• Any commercial or off-specification commercial chemical product
(or intermediate) with any of the above generic names;
• Residues remaining in containers that held any of the
above-mentioned products (or intermediates); or
• The residue of contaminated soil, water, or other debris that
results when there is a cleanup of a commercial product (or
intermediate) or off-specification commercial chemical product (or
intermediate) or manufacturing chemical intermediate having the
generic name of any of the above-listed products that had been
spilled onto the land or into the water.
4-2
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Since Che Agency could not characterize every P and U waste stream
that could possibly be generated, the Agency has based its BOAT
development on the characteristics of the pure chemical that was listed.
Below are descriptions of the pure chemical elements or compounds. The
waste codes are listed next to the chemical names; however, these
descriptions may not always be indicative of the different P and U wastes
containing the reactive chemicals that could be generated. The chemical
structures of each listing constituent are shown in Table E-l located in
Appendix E. Where noted, the wastes have been listed for their
reactivity. All the wastes react violently in some way, but are not all
listed for reactivity. A brief statement about why each waste has been
listed is also presented below.
P006 - Aluminum phosphide: This compound exists as dark gray or dark
yellow crystals with a cubic zinc blend structure. It must be
protected from moist air since it reacts readily to produce
phosphine, which is highly toxic. It does not melt or decompose
thermally at temperatures up to 1000'C. When water and acid
are added to aluminum phosphide, phosphine is produced in
quantitative yields. The waste is listed for reactivity and
toxicity.
P009 - Ammonium picrate: This compound exists as bright yellow,
bitter scales, or orthorhombic crystals. It explodes easily from
heat or shock and is soluble in water at 20*C. The waste is
listed for reactivity.
P015 - Beryllium dust: This compound exists as a gray metal with a
close-packed hexagonal structure. Beryllium has a melting point of
1287#C and a boiling point of 2500'C. The dust or
amalgamated metal reacts with hydrochloric a"id, dilute sulfuric
acid, and dilute nitric acid, and reacts violently with strong
bases. In both cases, it causes an evolution of hydrogen. Death
may result from short exposure to very low concentrations of the
dust or its salts.
P056 - Fluorine: This halogen exists as F2 in its elemental state and
is a pale yellow gas. Fluorine has a melting point of
-219.61'C and a boiling point of -188.13*C. Fluorine is
the most reactive nonmetal, and it reacts vigorously with most
oxidizable substances at room temperature, frequently with
ignition. Its violent reactions with organic compounds usually
disintegrate the metal. This gas is dangerous to inhale.
4-3
3073s
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P068 - Methvl hydrazine: This compound exists as a clear liquid with an
odor that is characteristic of short chain, organic amines. It
has a flash point of 70°C and an ignition temperature of
196°C. The vapors may explode and self-ignite in and on
contact with oxidizing agents. The chemical is soluble in
hydrocarbons. Methyl hydrazine is considered a mild alkaline base
and a strong reducing agent. It ignites spontaneously on contact
with strong oxidizing agents such as fluorine, chlorine
trifluoride, nitrogen tetroxlde, and filming nitric acid.
P073 - Nickel carbonvl: This chemical is a colorless, volatile liquid
at standard temperature and pressure. It is extremely poisonous.
It oxidizes in the air and explodes at about 60°C. Nickel
carbonyl is made by passing carbon monoxide over finely divided
nickel.
P081 - Nitroglycerin: This chemical exists as a pale yellow, oily liquid
that explodes on rapid heating or on concussion. It crystallizes in
two forms and begins to decompose at 50" to 60°C. Nitrogly-
cerins appreciably volatile at 100*C, evolves nitrous yellow
vapors at 135'C, and explodes at 281*C. On explosion,
harmless gases (i.e., oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) are
produced. The waste is listed for reactivity and toxicity.
P087 - Osmium tetroxide: The form of this compound is a pale yellow
solid. It exists as monoclinic crystals. Osmium tetroxide has a
boiling point of 130*C and begins to sublime and distill well
below the boiling point. It is soluble in benzene. The vapor is
extremely poisonous. This compound is a strong oxidant.
P096 - Phosohine: This chemical compound is a poisonous gas at standard
temperature and pressure. It is prepared from white phosphorus and
aqueous alkali hydroxide and also by treatment of PH^I with KOH.
This gas is spontaneously flammable in air if there is a trace of
P9H4 present and burns with a luminous flame. Phosphine is
slightly soluble in water and combines violently with oxygen and the
halogens. It liberates hydrogen and forms th** phosphide when passed
over heated metal and forms phosphonium salts when brought in
contact with the halogen acids.
P105 - Sodium azide: This compound exists as crystals that decompose into
sodium and nitrogen when heated. It is soluble in water at 10*C
and in alcohol at 25*C. Sodium azide can react with lead and
its compounds to form explosive chemicals.
3073g
4-4
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P112 - Tetranitromethane: This compound exists as a pale yellow liquid.
It is insoluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. It attacks
iron, copper, brass, zinc, and rubber. Tetranitromethane can be
decomposed by an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide. It is
used as a powerful oxidizing agent. It has a boiling point of
126aC and is highly explosive in the presence of impurities.
The waste is listed for reactivity.
P122 - Zinc phosphide: The chemical exists as dark gray tetragonal
crystals and powder. The chemical has a faint phosphorous odor.
When heated with the exclusion of air, it melts and finally
sublimes. The melting point has been given as 420°C and the
boiling point as 1100'C. When kept dry, it is quite stable. It
is insoluble in water and alcohol, but soluble in benzene and carbon
disulfide, causing the evolution of spontaneously flammable
phosphine. It reacts violently with concentrated sulfuric acid and
other oxidizing agents. The waste is listed for reactivity and
toxicity.
U023 - Benzotrichloride: Benzotrichloride exists as an unstable liquid
that fumes in air and hydrolyzes in the presence of moisture,
forming benzoic and hydrochloric acids. It is insoluble in water
but soluble in alcohol, benzene, ether, and many other organic
solvents. The boiling point is 220.8°C. The waste is listed
for reactivity, corrosivity, and toxicity.
U086 - 1.2-Diethvlhvdrazine: This compound is soluble in alcohol and
ether. It has a boiling point of 86°C. When heated to
decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of N0X.
U096 - a.a-Dimethvlbanzvlhydrooeroxida: a.a-Dimethylbenzyhydroperoxide's
boiling point is 100 to 101"F. This compound is an oxidizer and
is listed as toxic.
U098 - 1.1-Dlmathvlhvdrazlne; This compound is a flammable, hygroscopic,
mobile liquid that fumes in air and gradually turns yellow. It is
corrosive to skin and has a characteristic ammoniacal odor of
aliphatic hydrazines. The chemical is miscible with water, causing
the evolution of heat. It is also miscible with alcohol, ether,
dimethylformamlde, and hydrocarbons. The boiling point is
63.9#C.
U099 - 1.2-Dtmethvlhvdrazine: This chemical fumes in air and gradually
turns yellow. It is miscible with water with the evolution of
heat. This compound is corrosive to the skin.
3073g
4-5
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U103 - Dimethyl sulfate: This chemical is a colorless, oily liquid with
a boiling point of about 188°C with decomposition and a flash
point of 182'C. It is extremely hazardous with no warning
characteristics (e.g., odor, irritation).
U109 - Dlphenvlhvdrazine: The form of this compound is yellow crystals
with a melting point of 34.5*C. It is insoluble in water and
freely soluble in alcohol and ether.
U133 - Hydrazine: Hydrazine exists as a colorless, oily liquid that fumes
in air. It has a penetrating odor resembling Chat of ammonia.
Hydrazine is a violent poison that causes delayed eye irritation.
It burns with violet flame and explodes during distillation if
traces of air are present (also affected by ultraviolet light and
metal ion catalysts). The flash point is 126aF (52*C).
Hydrazine can be stored for years if sealed in glass and kept in a
cool, dark place. It forms salts with inorganic acids. The
chemical is a highly polar solvent and powerful reducing agent. It
dissolves many inorganic substances and is miscible with water,
methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isobutyl alcohols. Hydrazine forms an
azeotropic mixture with water. The waste is listed for reactivity
and toxicity.
U134 - Hvdroeen fluoride: Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless gas that fumes
in air. It is listed as highly irritating, corrosive, and
poisonous. In aqueous solutions, it is a weak acid. The boiling
point is -56'C.
U13S - Hydrogen sulfide: This chemical is a flammable, poisonous gas
with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs that is perceptible in
air in a concentration of 0.002 mg/1. It burns in air with a pale
blue flame. The ignition temperature is 260*C. Hydrogen
sulfide has explosive limits when mixed with ai?. Water solutions
of hydrogen sulfide are not stable, absorbed oxygen causes the
formation of elemental sulfur, and the solutions become turbid
rapidly. It is soluble in glycerol. In a fifty-fifty by volume
mixture of glycerol and water, the precipitation of sulfur is
retarded considerably.
U160 - Mnhvl rthvl VtttPM PflOTidf- The waste is listed for reactivity
and toxicity. The chemical will explode when heated and is a
strong oxidizer.
U189 - ghgfghggiff,, JMlfldfi: This compound exists as light yellow,
triclinic crystals with a peculiar odor. It has a melting point
of 286" to 290'C and a boiling point of 513* to 515*C. This
chemical decomposes in water, forming phosphoric acid and hydrogen
sulfide. It is soluble in carbon disulfide and in aqueous
solutions of alkali hydroxides. It must be kept tightly closed.
The waste is listed for reactivity.
4-6
3073*
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U249 - Zinc phosphide: The chemical exists as dark gray tetragonal
crystals and powder. The chemical has a faint phosphorous odor.
When heated with the exclusion of air, it melts and finally
sublimes. The melting point has been given as 420°C and the
boiling point as 1100°C. When kept dry, it is quite stable.
It is insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in benzene and
carbon disulfide, causing the evolution of spontaneously flammable
phosphine. It reacts violently with concentrated sulfuric acid
and other oxidizing agents. The waste is listed for reactivity
and toxicity.
It should be mentioned that a waste is not necessarily a P waste or a
U waste if it contains one or more of the chemicals with a generic name
listed in 40 CFR 261.33. In other words, the fact that a waste contains,
say, aluminum phosphide does not automatically render the waste P006
hazardous waste. P and U wastes are limited to commercial products or
intermediates or off-specification versions thereof that are spilled,
discarded, or intended to be discarded. Thus, a waste containing
aluminum phosphide would be a P006 hazardous waste only if some or all.of
aluminum phosphide in the waste were a commercial product, intermediate,
or off-specification version thereof at some point in its existence prior
to its incorporation into the waste. The available characterization data
for the P and U wastes containing reactive listing constituents is
presented in Appendix E in Table E-2.
4.2 Affmed
The Agency does not intend to describe every industry that generates
the P and U wastes containing reactive listing constituents, since any
industrial facility that produces, uses, stores, and/or transports the
chemicals has the potential of generating the waste. Table E-3 located
in Appendix E presents a description of the RCRA-permitted facilities
that generated the above-listed wastes and the approximate volumes
produced in 1986 (confidential business information is not included).
The following is a summary of the producers of the chemicals and the
generators of the waste. Brief descriptions of the uses of the chemicals
are also presented to indicate areas of potential waste generation.
4-7
3073*
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P006 - Aluminum phosphide: There are no listed producers of this
chemical in SRI 1988 edition. One generator in EPA Region IV is
listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Source of phosphine; in semiconductor research; as a
fumigant.
P009 - Anmmn< 11m picrate: One producer located in EPA Region II is
listed in SRI; however, the facility is selling all stock that was
originally imported and does not manufacture ammonium picrate.
There were no generators of P009 wastes listed in the 1986 TSDR
Survey.
USE: Explosives, fireworks, rocket propellants.
P015 - Beryllium dust: Two mines currently process beryllium ore.
Thirteen generators are listed in the TSDR Survey as generating
P015 in 1986; 1 in EPA Region II, 2 in EPA Region III, 2 in EPA
Region IV, 1 in EPA Region V, 1 in EPA Region VI, 1 in EPA Region
VIII, 4 in EPA Region IX, and 1 in EPA Region X.
USE: Source of neutrons when bombarded with alpha particles. As
a neutron reflector and neutron moderator in nuclear reactors. In
radio tube parts and aerospace structures. In inertial guidance
systems.
P056 - Fluorine: One producer was listed in the SRI 1968 edition. One
generator in Region II is listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Powerful fluorinating agent.
P068 - Methvl ftvdrazlna: No producers are listed in SRI 1988 edition.
Three generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey: one located
in EPA Region III, one located in EPA Region V, and one in EPA
Region VI.
USE: In rocket fuel; intermediate in chemical synthesis.
P073 - Nickel carbonvl: One company located in EPA Region III is listed
as a producer in SRI 1988 edition. One generator in EPA Region
III is listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Laboratory and organic synthesis.
P081 - nitroglycerin: Five U.S. military installations are currently
producing this chemical. Two are located in EPA Region II, two
are located in EPA Region III, and one is located in EPA Region
VII. There are no P081 waste generators listed in the 1986 TSDR
Survey.
USE: Explosives (dynamite is 75 percent nitroglycerin) and
veterinary pharmaceuticals.
3073,
4>8
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P087 - Osmium tetroxide: Three producers are listed in SRI 1988
edition: one located in EPA Region I, one located in EPA Region
II, and one located in EPA Region III. There are eight generators
of P087 listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey: two located in Region II,
one in Region IV, three in Region V, one in Region VI, and one in
Region VIII.
USE: Oxidizing agent particularly for converting olefins to
glycols. Catalyzes chlorate, peroxide, periodate, and other
oxidations. As a fixing and staining agent for cell and tissue
studies.
P096 - Phosohine: Nine producers are listed in the 1988 edition of SRI:
one in Region I, one in Region II, one in Region IV, one in Region
V, one in Region VI, and three in Region IX. Two facilities are
listed as generators in the 1986 TSDR Survey: one in EPA Region V
and one in EPA Region VI.
USE: Gaseous dopent for semiconductors.
P10S - Sodium azide: There are no producers listed in the 1988 edition
of SRI. Seventeen generators are listed in Che 1986 TSDR Survey:
one in EPA Region I, six in EPA Region II, three in EPA Region
III, one in EPA Region IV, two in EPA Region V, three in EPA
Region VI, and one in EPA Region X.
USE: In the preparation of hydrazoic acid, lead azide, pure
sodium; as a propellent for inflating automotive safety bags; in
weed and fruit rot control.
P112 - Tetranitromethane: One chemical producer in EPA Region II is
listed in the SRI 1988 edition, and no generators of P112 are
listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Oxidizer in rocket propellants. As explosive in admixture
with toluene, to increase cetane number of diesel fuels. Reagent
for detecting the presence of double bonds in organic compounds.
Has been proposed as an irritant war gas.
P122 - Zinc phosphide: One chemical producer, located in EPA Region V,
is listed in the SRI 1988 edition. There is one generator,
located in EPA Region V, of P122 waste listed in the 1986 TSDR
Survey.
USE: In rat and field mice poison preparations.
U023 - Benzotrichloride: In the 1988 edition of SRI, one company in
Region II is listed as producing benzotrichloride, and the same
company is listed as generating U023 in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Intermediate for pesticides.
3073s
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U086 - 1.2-Diethvlhvdrazine: There are no listed producers in the SRI
1988 edition. One generator of U086 in Region V is listed in the
1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Polymer additives, fuels, photographic chemicals, and dyes.
U096 - a.a-Dimethvlbenzvlhvdroperoxide: There are four listed producers
in the SRI 1988 edition: two in Region II, one in Region III, and
one in Region V. No generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: Intermediate in acetol/phenol production process.
U098 - 1.1-Dimethvlhvdrazine: One listed producer in Region VI of the
chemical is in the SRI 1988 edition. Three generators are listed
in the 1986 TSDR Survey: one in Region II and two in Region V.
USE: Base for rocket fuel formulations.
U099 - 1.2-Dimethvlhvdrazine: No producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition, and no generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey.
USE: The base in rocket fuel formulations.
U103 - Dlmethvlsulfate: Two producers are listed in the SRI 1988 edition
and five generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey. The two
producers are located in EPA Regions II and III, and the five
generators are located in Regions I, II, III, IV, and V.
USE: Methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic
chemicals.
U109 - Plph?nylhyflrgsin? - No producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition. Two generators are listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey, both
located in EPA Region V.
USE: In the manufacture of hydrochloride, which is used as
reagent for ababrnose and lactose.
U133 - Hydrazine - One producer, located in EPA Region V, is listed in
the SRI 1988 edition, and 17 generators are listed in the 1986
TSDR Survey. Two of the generators are located in EPA Region I,
one in Region II, one in Region III, three in Region IV, three in
Region V, two in Region VI, two in Region VIII, one in Region IX,
and two in Region X.
USE: Reducing agent; organic hydrazine derivative; rocket fuel.
U134 • Hydrogen fluoride: Four producers are listed in the SRI 1988
edition. According to the 1986 TSDR Survey, there is one facility
in Region I, two facilities in Region III, seven facilities in
Region V, one facility in Region VI, one facility in Region VIII,
three facilities in Region IX, and one facility in Region X
generating this waste.
?073s
4-10
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USE: Catalyse in petroleum industry, use in fluorination
processes, especially in the aluminum industry, ixv the manufacture
of fluorides, in making fluorine-containing plastics, and for
separating uranium isotopes.
U135 - Hvdroyen sulfide: Twelve facilities are listed in the SRI 1988
edition as producing hydrogen sulfide, and five facilities are
listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey as generating U135 wastes. The
facilities producing hydrogen sulfide are located as follows: one
in EPA Region I, one in EPA Region 11, one in EPA Region 111, one
in EPA Region IV, two in EPA Region V, three in EPA Region.VI, one
in EPA Region VIII, and two in EPA Region IX. The facilities that
generated hydrogen sulfide -waste (U135) in 1986 are located as
follows: one in Region I, Region III, Region IV, Region V, and
Region IX.
USE: In the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy; as an
analytical reagent.
U160 - Methvl ethvl ketone peroxide: No producers are listed in the SRI
1988 edition. Eight facilities are listed as generating U160 in
the 1986 TSDR Survey: two in Region II, two in Region IV, one in
Region V, one in Region VI, one in Region IX, and one in Region X.
USE: A widely used polymer-curing agent.
U189 - Phosphoric sulfide: Six facilities are listed as producers of
phosphoric sulfide, and four facilities are listed as generators
of U189 wastes. One facility producing phosphoric sulfide is
located in EPA Region III, while three are in Region IV, one is in
Region V, and one is in Region VII. The four facilities that
generated U189 in 1986 are located in EPA Regions V, VI, VII, and
X.
USE: In manufacture of lube oil additives and pesticides;
manufacture of safety matches and ignition compounds; for
introducing sulfur into organic compounds.
U249 - Zinc phosphide: One chemical producer, located in EPA Region V,
is listed in the SRI 1988 edition. One generator of U249 waste,
in EPA Region IX, is listed in the 1986 TSDR Jurvey.
USE: In rat and field mice poison preparations.
4.3 Analytical Issues
For all but two P and U constituents (i.e., P015, beryllium dust, and
U109, dlphenylhydrazine), methods to analyse the listed constituents in
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treatment residues are not currently available. Although the Agency
recognizes that these compounds exist, and that tlie manufacturers may
have methods to verify their purity and determine their product
specifications, there are no EPA-approved analytical procedures to
ascertain trace quantities of these chemicals either in the raw sample or
in the residues from treatment. In addition, EPA has not identified any
constituents in these wastes that could be used as a surrogate or as an
indicator compound. These wastes include the following:
POO6 - Aluminum phosphide
U023
Benzotrichloride
P009 - Ammonium picrate
U086
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
P056 - Fluorine
U096
a,a-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
P068 - Methyl hydrazine
U098
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
P073 - Nickel carbonyl
U099
1,2-Dimethylhydraztne
P081 - Nitroglycerine
U103
Dimethyl sulfate
P087 - Osmium tetroxide
U133
Hydrazine
P096 - Phosphine
U13A
Hydrogen fluoride
P105 - Sodium azide
U135
Hydrogen sulfide
P112 - Tetranitromethane
U160
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
P122 - Zinc phosphide (>10%)
U189
Phosphoric sulfide
U2A9
Zinc phosphide (<10%)
In the future, methods may be developed and approved for use in
analysing some of the P and U reactive constituents. Table E-A in
Appendix E presents the analytical problems associated with some of the
reactive listing constituents for the P and U waste codes.
AwllctfrU/Bottom trmd TwtewlgglM
This section identifies the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies for the P and U wastes containing reactive listing
constituents. To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be
usable to treat the waste in question or a similar waste. To be
demonstrated, the technology must be employed in full-scale operation for
the treatment of the waste in question or of a similar waste.
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4.4.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
Because the Agency has no waste characterization specifically for the
reactive P and U wastes, the applicable technologies are based on the
characteristics present in Section 4.1 for the reactive listing
constituents for the P and U wastes.
The following subsections present applicable treatment technologies
for the (1) organic constituents, (2) metal constituents, and
(3) inorganic constituents other than metals in nonwastewater and
wastewater forms of the P and U wastes containing reactive constituents.
For the purpose of the land disposal restrictions rule, wastewaters are
defined as wastes containing less than 1 percent (weight basis) total
suspended solids and less than 1 percent (weight basis) total organic
carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting this definition are classified as
nonwastewaters. For a more detailed discussion of each treatment
technology, see \3SEPA 1989a.
(1) Applicable treatment technologies for organic constituents.
For wastes containing reactive organic constituents, the technologies
considered applicable are those that destroy the organics in a manner
that is safe to human health and the environment.
Honwastewaters. The technologies that the Agency has identified
as applicable for treatment of nonwastewaters containing reactive organic
constituents are open detonation, open burning, and incineration.
Open detonation involves a violent chemical reaction within a
chemical compound or mechanical mixture evolving heat and pressure. The
reaction proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreached
material at a supersonic velocity.
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Open burning is the burning of materials in the open air, either on
the ground surface or in a containment device, without significant
control of the combustion, and in such a manner that the products of
combustion are emitted directly into the ambient air without passing
through a device intended to control gaseous or particulate emissions.
Improper management of the ash/residue and contaminated soil generated at
the open burning unit could result in environmental contamination through
the air, soil, and subsurface and surface water pathways. First of all,
the ash must be sampled to determine whether it is a hazardous waste
through the use of the reactivity and EP toxicity analyses. The DOD
community typically uses the Bureau of Mines gap test and the detonation
deflagration transition test to determine whether a sample is reactive;
however, there is no approved EPA method. Additionally, some reactive
hazardous wastes may generate residues that may contain nitrates and
perChlorates in concentrations sufficiently high to qualify as oxidizers
as defined in 49 CFR 173.151. In that case, these residues would be
ignitable hazardous wastes (D001). This oxidizer determination would
only be necessary where wastes that could possibly generate oxidizers are
thermally treated.
Incineration of the P and U nonwastewaters containing reactive
constituents is also an applicable technology. Incineration is a
technology that destroys the organic constituents in the waste by
converting them to carbon dioxide, water, and other combustion products.
Incineration may result in residuals that require treatment because of
their metal concent. Specifically, the residuals consist of ash and
scrubber water. Incineration of highly explosive constituents may
require treatment in units that are specially designed and fitted with
certain explosion-proof equipment. These types of units are not
typically found at commercial incineration facilities. The Agency is
aware that these types of units are currently used for many of the
Department of Defense explosive wastes and that there appears to be a
trend to decrease the reliance on open detonation for these wastes.
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Wastewaters. The Agency has identified carbon adsorption
followed by regeneration or incineration of the spent carbon, wet air
oxidation, biological treatment, and solvent extraction as potentially
applicable for treatment of hazardous P and U reactive organic
constituents in wastewaters. Additionally, incineration has been
identified for wastewaters containing high levels of reactive compounds
that may become increasingly dangerous when concentrated on carbon or in
an extraction fluid.
These applicable technologies destroy or reduce the total
concentration of hazardous organic compounds in the waste (incineration,
wet air oxidation, and biological treatment) or selectively remove
hazardous organic compounds from the waste stream (carbon adsorption and
solvent extraction). The Agency believes that not all P and U wastes
contain reactive listing constituents amenable to treatment with
biological, wet air oxidation, and solvent extraction methods. However,
most of these wastewaters are somewhat amenable to carbon adsorption
because the constituents typically have low solubility in water, have
high molecular weights, and have branched, rather than straight chain,
molecular structures. Compounds with lower molecular weights and higher
solubilities have also been successfully treated using carbon
adsorption. Illustrations supporting this argument are presented in
Appendix F.
(2) Applicable tmtatnt mtowlogY fpg ami sgnftimnti- The
technologies considered applicable to treat F and U wastes containing
reactive metal constituents are those that remove the reactive
characteristic and/or recover the metals.
ltonwastewaters. For the metals present in nonwastewater P and
U wastes, potentially applicable treatment technologies are stabilization
and high temperature metals recovery. Stabilization immobilizes the
metal constituents to minimize leaching. High temperature metal*
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recovery provides for recovery of metals from wastes primarily by
volatilization of some of the metals, subsequent condensation, and
collection. The process yields a metal product for reuse and reduces the
amount of waste that needs to be land disposed. Additionally, most
metallic nonwastewaters can be slurried such that metals can be refcovered
or treated using wastewater treatment techniques.
Wastewaters. The technologies applicable for reactive
constituents present in a wastewater matrix are chemical precipitation
and removal of the precipitated metal solids using settling or sludge
filtration. Chemical precipitation removes dissolved metals from
solution, and settling/sludge filtration removes suspended solids.
(3) Applicable treatment technologies for Inorganics other than
metals. The technologies identified as potentially applicable are
those that destroy the compound or render it less harmful by removing the
reactive characteristic.
Nonwastewaters. EPA has identified incineration as applicable
for nonwastewaters and gases with inorganic reactive constituents other
than metals. Incineration is a technology that can destroy oxidizable
Inorganics. Gases can be vented directly into the incinerator. It
should be mentioned that off-gases generated during the incineration of
these wastes may require an afterburner and/or may need to be scrubbed
before release to the atmosphere.
Gases that cannot be combusted should be solubilized in water. The
resulting compound present in aqueous scrubber solution should be
precipitated as an insoluble innocuous compound.
Wastewaters. The technologies identified as applicable for P
and U wastewaters containing reactive listing constituents are chemical
oxidation methods (e.g., alkaline chlorination) followed by precipitation
to insoluble salts or harmless compounds.
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4.4.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
EPA considered demonstrated technologies to be those that are used on
a full-scale basis to treat the waste of interest or a similar waste with
regard to parameters that affect treatment selection. To determine what
treatment technologies are "demonstrated" for the reactive P and U codes,
the Agency contacted both generators and treaters of the wastes (Rissmann
1989). The following are summaries for each investigation concerning the
demonstrated treatment technologies for the individual reactive P and U
wastes.
P006 - Aluminum phosphide - EPA contacted the only generator listed in
the 1986 TSDR Survey to gather information about treatment. This
company is also the only known producer; however, the company
claims that it no longer produces aluminum phosphide. The Agency
believes P122 zinc phosphide to be a similar waste based on
physical and chemical characteristics. Incineration is
demonstrated to treat P122. Consequently, the Agency believes
incineration to be demonstrated to treat P006 nonwastewaters.
Since this compound is water reactive, it is believed that
wastewater forms cannot exist; however, phosphine, one of the
products of decomposition, can be oxidized and precipitated with
lime to form calcium phosphate.
P009 - oicrate - EPA could find no producers of this chemical
listed in the SRI 1988 edition and no generators of the waste
listed in the 1986 TSDR Survey. EPA believes that thermal
destruction (i.e., open detonation) is the best treatment for this
waste. Incineration was considered; however, because of the
danger involved with the handling and treatment of this waste,
incineration is not considered, best. EPA believes that thermal
destruction (i.e., open detonation) has been demonstrated to treat
similar wastes; therefore, the Agency believes open detonation to
be demonstrated to treat P009 wastewaters and nonwastewaters,
Additionally, carbon adsorption has been demonstrated for similar
wastewaters containing explosive nitro groups (i.e., the listed
waste K045 is spent carbon from treatment of wastewaters from the
production of nitrate esters and other nitrated explosives).
Consequently, the Agency believes carbon adsorption is
demonstrated to treat P009 wastewaters.
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P015 - Beryllium dust - The Agency has identified a metallic beryllium
producer that accepts beryllium wastes including F015 for
recycling. The wastes are manifested directly to the facility
since they have a RCRA storage permit. The facility usually only
accepts beryllium wastes that are not highly contaminated. The
wastes generally go through several proprietary processes to get
rid of some of the contaminants (such as iron and lead); the waste
is then added to the production process to make metallic
beryllium. Additionally, for highly contaminated wastes, the
facility has a vacuum cleaning process to recover beryllium from
the dust. Hence, EPA believes chat recovery is demonstrated to
treat P015.
PG56 - Fluorine - Two companies (in Pennsylvania and New Jersey) use
alkaline scrubbers to react with waste fluorine gas, although each
uses a different alkaline agent. One uses potassium hydroxide
solution and then ships the spent solution to a commercial
wastewater treatment plant for disposal. The other company uses a
caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solution in its scrubber, and when
the resulting sodium fluoride concentration exceeds its solubility
concentration (about 4.0 g/100 ml of water), the sodium fluoride
is filtered out, drummed, and then shipped to a permitted
disposer. Hence, solubilization in alkaline water is demonstrated
to treat gaseous forms of P056. The Agency has also identified
one facility using precipitation of fluoride as calcium fluoride
(USEPA 1988f). Precipitation is demonstrated to treat P0S6
wastewaters.
P068 - Methvl hydrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility presently
incinerating P068 nonwastewaters on a full-scale basis.
Therefore, the Agency believes incineration to be demonstrated.
The Agency has found one facility (NASA 1989) using an
ozone/ultraviolet light oxidation treatment system for destruction
of methyl hydrazines in a dilute aqueous solution (<100 ppm methyl
hydrazine). The facility uses total organic carbon (TOC) and some
intermediate products to monitor and evaluate the sytem;
therefore, the Agency believes ozone/ultraviolet light to be
demonstrated for the dilute wastewater forms of P068. However,
the Agency believes the oxidation process should be followed with
carbon adsorption as a polishing step for removal because the
oxidation treatment has been demonstrated only for dilute
wastewaters. Carbon adsorption has been demonstrated on similar
wastes. The Agency believes that these wastewaters can be easily
adsorbed because of the branched nature of their structures, large
molecular weights, and low solubility in water. Therefore, EPA
believes carbon adsorption is demonstrated for P068 wastewaters.
Following adsorption, the resulting nonwastewater carbon residual
must be incinerated.
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P073 - Nickel carbonvl - EPA contacted a nickel smelter that uses the
Mond process to purify nickel (Bell 1989). During the Hond
process, nickel carbonyl is passed through a heated bed of alumina
at 200aC to recover nickel. The heat and alumina catalyst
cause the nickel carbonyl to decompose into nickel and carbon
dioxide. The carbon dioxide is fed to an incinerator and
destroyed. EPA believes that for wastewater and nonwastewater
forms of P073, nickel recovery using the Mond process is the best
technology,
P081 - Nitroglycerin - The Agency has found one facility using thermal
destruction (i.e., open burning) for treatment of nonwastewater
forms of a nitroglycerin waste. EPA has determined that one
facility is using rotary kiln incineration for treatment of
nitroglycerin wastewaters and nonwastewater slurries. EPA
believes thermal destruction (i.e., open burning) and incineration
are demonstrated for nonwastewaters and that incineration is
demonstrated for wastewaters. Additionally, carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated for similar wastewaters containing explosive
nitro groups (i.e., the listed waste KOAS is spent carbon for
treatment of wastewaters from the production of nitrate esters and
other nitrated explosives). Consequently, the Agency believes
carbon adsorption is demonstrated to treat P081 wastewaters, as
well as incineration.
P087 - Osmium tetroxide - EPA has found one facility that bench treated
an aqueous solution of osmium tetroxide with potassium iodide to
precipitate the osmium metal. The metal was recovered and sent to
a producer of osmium chemicals. (Osmium is presently valued at
$1,350 per ounce so It is unlikely that anyone is discarding the
material.) According to the 1986 Minerals Yearbook, only 2 pounds
of osmium tetroxide were produced; therefore, the Agency believes
it appropriate to use bench-scale performance data. Hence,
recovery is a demonstrated technology for wastewater forms.
Similar nonwastewaters have been slurried and treated as stated
above; therefore, the Agency believes precipitation followed by
recovery of the osmium to be demonstrated for nonwastewater forms.
P096 - Phosohine • The Agency believes that it is common practice to
incinerate phosphine to phosphorus pentoxlde and scrub the off-gas
with lime solution to generate calcium phosphate. This scrubber
water can be treated with neutralization. Hence, the Agency
considers incineration to be demonstrated to treat phosphine gas
and chemical oxidation followed by precipitation to be
demonstrated to treat P096 wastewaters.
P105 - Sodium azide - EPA has found one facility using incineration for
treatment of P105 nonwastewaters; therefore, the Agency has
concluded that incineration is demonstrated for nonwastewaters.
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Nitrite treatment can be accomplished by adding sodium nitrite to
sodium azide to produce nitrogen and sodium hydroxide. This
treatment is currently used by a facility for treatment of lead
azide. Lead azide is believed to be a similar waste based on
chemical properties; consequently, the Agency considers chemical
oxidation to be demonstrated to treat F105 wastewaters.
P112 - Tetranitromethane - EPA has found one commercial facility
incinerating dilute concentrations of P112. This facility claims
that the waste is sufficiently stable when blended with other
wastes to form a dilute mixture that can be incinerated. Hence,
incineration is demonstrated to treat P112 wastewaters and
nonwastewaters. Additionally, carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated for similar wastewaters containing explosive nitro
groups (i.e., the listed waste K045 is spent carbon for treatment
of wastewaters from the production of nitrate esters and other
nitrated explosives). Consequently, the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated to treat P112 wastewaters.
P122 - Zinc phosphide PIO/O - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of P122 nonwastewaters and
consequently believes that incineration is demonstrated. Since
this compound reacts with water, it is believed that wastewater
forms cannot exist; however, the dissociated zinc can be
precipitated with lime.
U023 • Benzotrichlorlde • EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U023 nonwastewaters and consequently
believes that incineration is demonstrated. Since this compound
reacts with water, it is believed that wastewater forms cannot
exist; however, carbon absorption has been demonstrated to treat
benzoic acid, which is one of the products formed by the reaction
of benzotrichlorlde with water.
U086 - N.N-Diethvlhvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U086 nonwastewaters and consequently
believes that incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes
that U086 wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the
branched nature of their structures, high molecular weights, and
low solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency believes carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U096 - fl,a-fllffiffthYlfrgnsylhyflrgPfrgxltfft - EPA has found one commercial
facility using incineration for treatment of U096 nonwastewaters;
hence, incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes that
these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the branched
nature of their structures, high molecular weights, and low
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solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U098 - 1.1-Dimethvlhvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of U098 nonwastewaters;
therefore, incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes
that these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the
branched nature of their structures, large molecular weights, and
low solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U099 - 1.2-Dimethvlhvdragine - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of U099 nonwastewaters;
therefore, incineration is'demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes
that these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the
branched nature of their structures, high molecular weights, and
low solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U103 - Dimethyl sulfate - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U103 nonwastewaters; therefore,
incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes that
these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the branched
nature of their structures, high molecular weights, and low
solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U109 - 1.2-Dinhenvlhvdrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of U109 nonwastewaters;
therefore, incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has
been demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes
that these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the
branched nature of their structures, high molecular weights, and
low solubility in water. Therefore, the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U133 - Hydrazine - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U133 nonwastewaters; therefore,
incineration is demonstrated. Carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes that
these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the branched
nature of their structures, high molecular weights, and low
solubility in water. Therefore» the Agency considers carbon
adsorption to be demonstrated for these wastewaters.
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U134 - Hvdroeen fluoride - The disposal of hydrogen fluoride is similar
to Che disposal of fluorine. In fact, the same scrubbing
equipment and the same alkaline scrubbing solutions are used by
two facilities for both waste fluorine and waste hydrogen
fluoride. Two other facilities utilize scrubbing, or a variation
of scrubbing, for their waste hydrogen fluoride gas but do not
scrub fluorine. A fifth vendor uses recovery and recycle
techniques on its gas cylinders, but its situation is a special
one because its locations deal only in 850-pound, 1-ton, and
20-ton containers. With such large containers, recovery and
recycle is the most technically feasible practice. Because four
companies use alkaline scrubbing and one uses product recovery and
recycle, these are demonstrated technologies.
U135 - Hvdroeen sulfide- - It is common practice to incinerate hydrogen
sulfide, which will generate sulfur dioxide off-gas. The off-gas
can be scrubbed with alkaline solution to generate calcium
sulfate. Hence, the Agency believes that incineration is
demonstrated to treat hydrogen sulfide gas and that chemical
oxidation of any sulfide to sulfate followed by precipitation is
demonstrated to treat U135 wastewaters.
U160 - Methvl ethvl ketone peroxide - One facility reportedly uses open
burning to treat U160 nonwastewaters. EPA has also found one
commercial facility using incineration for treatment of U160
nonwastewaters; therefore, both technologies are demonstrated to
treat U160 nonwastewaters. Carbon adsorption has been
demonstrated on similar wastewaters. The Agency believes that
these wastewaters can be easily adsorbed because of the branched
nature of their structures and low solubility in water.
Therefore, the Agency considers carbon adsorption to be
demonstrated for these wastewaters.
U189 - Phosphorus sulfide - EPA has found one commercial facility using
incineration for treatment of U189 nonwastewaters; hence,
incineration is demonstrated. This compound reacts with water,
and consequently it is believed that wastewater forms cannot exit.
U249 - Zinc phosphide «10X> - EPA has found one commercial facility
using incineration for treatment of U249 nonwastewaters; hence,
incineration is demonstrated. Since this constituent is water
reactive, it is believed that wastewater forms cannot exit;
however, the dissociated zinc can be precipitated with lime.
Identification of Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
This section presents the rationale for determination of best
demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for each reactive P and U
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waste. First, the Agency examines all the demonstrated technologies to
determine whether one of the technologies performs significantly better
than another. Next, the "best" performing treatment technology is
evaluated to determine whether the resulting treatment is "substantial."
Since EPA does not have performance data for any of these wastes and
because of the lack of analytical methods, the Agency's evaluation of
"substantial" is based on the performance of technologies established in
the Agency's BDAT data base. If the "best" technology provides
"substantial" treatment and it has been determined that the technology is
also commercially available to the affected industry, then the technology
represents BDAT.
The Agency investigated several options for developing treatment
standards for these wastes, including incineration, open burning, open
detonation, and chemical deactivation. Because of the difficulties in
handling and chemically analyzing these wastes, however, the Agency is
proposing treatment standards expressed as required methods of treatment,
not concentration-based standards. Host of the nonwastewater forms of
these wastes are currently managed by incineration. Other wastes
included in this group can be recovered or recycled.
The Agency is unaware of any alternative treatment or recycling
technologies that have been examined specifically for the U and P wastes,
with the exception of the recoverable metals discussed previously. In
any case, today's proposed treatment standards do not preclude recycling,
provided the recycling does not involve burning as fuel or use
constituting disposal.
For the purpose of BDAT determinations, the Agency has identified
four subgroups according to similarities in treatment, chemical
composition, and structure. These groups are Incinerable Reactive
Organics and Hydrazine Derivatives, Incinerable Inorganics, Fluorine
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Compounds, and Recoverable Metallics. The discussion of the treatment
standards applicable to each subgroup follows. Table 4-1 located at the
end of this chapter summarizes the treatment standards for P and U wastes
containing reactive listing constituents.
Recently, additional wastewater treatment data primarily from EPA's
Office of Water have been analyzed for the development of
concentration-based treatment standards for many of the U and P wastes.
These data include the treatment of wastewaters that are not specifically
listed as U or P wastewaters, but do contain many of the corresponding U
or P constituents. While these data were not available in time to
incorporate into the preamble discussion or into individual background
documents for specific wastes or waste groups, these data are being
placed in the administrative record for today's notice. Furthermore, the
Agency has decided to propose alternative concentration-based treatment
standards, based on the aforementioned data for wastewaters containing
fluoride and sulfide. Further information on these alternative standards
can be found in sections III.A.2.a.(3.) and IIl.A.l.h.(b.) of the
preamble for the proposed rule and in the document Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Wastewaters
Containing BDAT List Constituents which can be found in the RCRA docket.
4.5.1 BDAT for Incinerable Reactive Organic and Hydrazine Derivatives
The following constituents have been grouped together because they
are organic constituents that can be incinerated;
POO 9
P081
P112
U023
U096
U103
U160
Ammonium picrate P068
Nitroglycerine U086
Tetranitromethane U098
Benzotrichloride U099
a, a-Dime thy lberizy lhydrope roxide U109
Dimechyl sulfate U133
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Methyl hydrazine
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
1.1-Dimethylhydrazine
1.2-Dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Diphenylhydraz ine
Hydrazine
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Nonwastewaters. The Agency has identified incineration and
thermal destruction (i.e., open burning and open detonation) as a
demonstrated technology for treatment of reactive organic constituents.
However, there are certain disadvantages to using open burning and open
detonation disposal practices, which present the potential for some
degree of adverse environmental impacts. The degree of any impact would
depend on factors such as the types and quantities of items that are
disposed of by using open burning and open detonation, the hydrogeology
and topography of the site, the climatology in the area, and the
operating procedures and management practices used. . The potential types
of impact would result in air, water, soil, and/or noise pollution.
Incineration is considered commercially available, and it provides
substantially better treatment than thermal destruction (i.e., open
burning and open detonation) for treatment of most reactive organic
constituents; therefore, it is also considered "best.n For highly
explosive wastes, thermal destruction (i.e., open burning and open
detonation) is presently the only method commercially available for
deactivation treatment; therefore, it is "best."
Many of the U and P wastes exist as concentrated off-specification
chemicals. Depending on other constituents present in the waste matrix,
these off-spec chemicals could potentially be dissolved in a suitable
waste solvent and incinerated in a liquid injection system. There is,
however, risk associated with dissolving these highly reactive chemicals;
therefore, incineration without dissolving in a rotary kiln may be
preferable (although this proposed treatment standard allows for any
method of incineration). EPA is not precluding the dissolution of these
chemicals. In cases where there is a significant volume of these
chemicals, dissolution in a solvent may be necessary to reduce air
emissions or to reduce the risk of explosion.
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Since the analytical problems preclude setting concentration-based
treatment standards for most of the waste codes, and RCRA section 3004(m)
allows the Agency to establish either levels or methods of treatment, the
Agency is proposing "Thermal Destruction as a Method of Treatment" (e.g.,
incineration) for the nonwastewater forms of these U and P wastes.
Although there is an SW-B46 method for U109, the Agency is not proposing
a .numerical standard for this waste since it is very similar to P068,
U086, U098, U099, and U133 (all are hydrazine compounds). There are no
performance data from which to establish numerical standards, and it is
the Agency's belief that thermal destruction will be effective treatment
for this waste.
Incinerators burning any RCRA hazardous waste must meet the
requirements specified in 40 CFR Part 264 Subpart 0 or Part 265
Subpart 0. Therefore, combustion units used for treating these wastes
must be equipped with air pollution control devices that will adequately
control the combustion products and air emissions.
Wastewaters. The Agency has determined that carbon adsorption
is demonstrated technology for treatment of wastewaters containing
reactive organic constituents. Carbon adsorption is demonstrated, is
available, and provides substantial treatment; it is therefore considered
"best." Additionally, for wastewaters containing high concentrations of
constituents, incineration is demonstrated, available, and therefore
"best."
The Agency is proposing "Incineration or Carbon Adsorption as a
Method of Treatment" for the wastewater forms of this group of U and P
wastes. It is Important to mention that this standard does not preclude
the use of other treatments such as biological or ozonation before the
use of carbon adsorption. The Agency believes that other wastewater
3073(
4-26
-------
technologies should be used before carbon adsorption, when applicable, to
aid with the waste treatment. After adsorption (and before disposal),
the contaminated carbon must be incinerated (in compliance with the
proposed treatment standard for nonwastewaters).
A.5.2 BDAT for Incinerable Inorganics
The following constituents have been grouped together because they
consist of compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
P006 - Aluminum phosphide U135 - Hydrogen sulfide
P096 - Phosphine U189 - Phosphorus sulfide
P105 - Sodium azide U249 - Zinc phosphide (<10%)
P122 - Zinc phosphide (>10%)
Nonwastewaters. The only demonstrated technology available
for nonwastewaters containing the reactive P and U listing constituents
listed above is incineration. Incineration has been proved to provide
substantial reduction and is also commercially available; hence, it is
"best."
The Agency is proposing a treatment standard of "Thermal Destruction
as a Method of Treatment" for the nonwastewater forms of these wastes.
These wastes may contain high concentrations of sulfur and phosphorus
when discarded as off-spec products, making their treatment more
difficult. Incineration of these wastes will require the use of air
pollution control equipment capable of controlling ~'he emissions of
phosphorus and sulfur to acceptable levels.
Wastewaters. The Agency has identified chemical oxidation
followed by precipitation to insoluble salts as a demonstrated technology
for treatment of wastewater forms. Host of these compounds decompose in
water and the products of decomposition can be treated using oxidation
4-27
3073s
-------
followed by precipitation. Chemical oxidation and precipitation provide
substantial reduction of oxidizable constituents and are also
commercially available and hence the "best" technology train.
The Agency is proposing a treatment standard of "Chemical Oxidation
Followed by Precipitation to Insoluble Salts as a Method of Treatment"
for the wastewater forms of these wastes.
4.5.3 BDAT for Fluorine Compounds
The following constituents were grouped together because of their
physical form and because they contain fluorine.
P056 - Fluorine
U134 - Hydrofluoric Acid
Both of these wastes can exist as gases and gases solubilized in
wastewaters (although U134 is often generated as an aqueous acid). In
the gaseous form, alkaline scrubbing has been demonstrated to treat F056
and U134, although recycle and recovery can be used when applicable for
some containerized gases. For P056 and U134 wastewaters, neutralization
is a demonstrated technology. When fluoride ion is to be neutralized or
removed, it is advantageous to use calcium compounds since the resulting
salt (CaF2) is insoluble compared to other compounds and can be removed
fairly easily by simple filtration. For example, the solubility of
calcium fluoride is 0.0015 g per 100 ml water and th~ solubility of
sodium fluoride is 4.22 g per 100 ml water at 18*C. For the fluorine
wastes, Che Agency is proposing "Solubilization in Alkaline Water
Followed by Precipitation as Calcium Fluoride; or Recovery as Methods of
Treatment."
4.5.4 BDAT for Recoverable Metallic*
All the wastes in this group contain metallic elements (i.e.,
4-28
3073s
-------
beryllium, osmium, and nickel) chac can be recovered because of their
high economic value. Information available to the Agency indicates that
recovery of these metallic elements from these wastes is feasible and is
currently practiced.
P01S - Beryllium dust
P073 - Nickel carbonyl
P087 - Osmium tetroxide
Nonwastewaters. The Agency has identified recovery as the
only demonstrated technology for treatment of reactive P and U metal
constituents and nonwastewaters. Recovery is commercially available and
provides substantial treatment; hence, it is "best." The Agency is
proposing a standard of "Recovery as a Method of Treatment" for
nonwastewater forms of these wastes.
Wastewaters. The Agency has identified precipitation followed
by recovery of the metal as the only demonstrated treatment of
wastewaters containing these reactive P and U metal constituents.
Recovery provides substantial reduction and is commercially available and
therefore "best." The Agency is proposing a standard of "Recovery as a
Method of Treatment" for wastewater forms of these wastes.
9073s
4-29
-------
TABLE 4-1 BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P AND U WASTES
CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P009, P068, P081, P112, U023,
U086, U096, U098, U099, U103, U109, UI33, AND U160
[Wastewaters]
INCINERATION OR CARBON ADSORPTION AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P009, P068, P081, P112, U023,
U086, U096, U098, U099, U103, U109, U133, AND U160
[Nonwastewaters]
THERMAL DESTRUCTION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
P006, P096, P105, P122, U135, U189, AND U249
[Wastewaters]
CHEMICAL OXIDATION FOLLOWED BY PRECIPITATION TO
INSOLUBLE SALTS AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
P006, P096, P105, P122, U135, U189, AND U249
[Nonwastewaters]
THERMAL DESTRUCTION AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P0S6 AND U134
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
SOLUBILIZATION IN WATER FOLLOWED BY PRECIPITATION
AS CALCIUM FLUORIDE; OR RECOVERY AS METHODS OF TREATMENT
BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR P015, P073, AND P087
[Nonwastewaters and Wastewaters]
RECOVERY AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT
4-30
3073|
-------
5. REFERENCES
Alchowiak, J. and Truskett, 0. 1989. Letter to Lisa Jones, EPA,
concerning analytical issues associated with the listing constituents
for the U and P wastes codes.
Aldrich catalog handbook of fire chemicals. 1988-1989.
APHA, AWWA, and WPCF. 1985. American Public Health Association,
American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control
Federation. Standard method for the examination of water and
wastewater. 16th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health
Association.
Baldwin. 1989. U.S. Army's installation restoration incineration
program is in full swing. Hazardous Materials Technical Center.
Vol. 8, No. 4. July 1989.
Belfort, G. 1981. Selective adsorption of organic homologs or to
activated carbon from dilute aqueous solutions • solvophobic
interaction approach: development and test of theory. Vol. 2. In
Chemistry in water reuse, ed. W.R. Cooper, pp. 207-242. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Ann Arbor Science.
Bell, B.J., Inco. 1989. Letter to Ed Rissman, Versar Inc. concerning
nickel carbonyl-properties and standard handling procedures.
Claussen, E., EPA. Letter to EPA Solid Waste Branch Chiefs, Regions I-X
concerning interim thresholds for toxic gas generation reactivity.
Dean, J.A., ed. 1979. Lange's handbook of chemistry. 12th ed.
pp. 3-126 - 3-128. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co.
Department of the Army. 1984. Department of the Army technical manual
on military explosives. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters Department of
the Army.
Department of the Army. 1987. United States Army Environmental Hygiene
Agency. RCRA Part B permit writer's guidance manual for Department of
Defense open burning/open detonation units. Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Maryland.
Giusti, Conway, and Lawson. 1974. Activated carbon adsorption of petro-
chemicals. WPCF 46(5).
Hammond. 1986. The Dow Stretford chemical recovery process.
Environmental Progress 5(1).
3382F
5-1
-------
Hunt, L.F. and Sanow, D.J. 1989. Certification of solidified
zirconium fines for disposal at the RUMC. Prepared for the U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy by EG&G Idaho, Inc. Idaho Falls, Idaho.
Button, D.G. 1981. Removal of priority pollutants with a combined
powdered activated carbon - activated sludge process. Vol. 2. In
Chemistry in water reuse ed. W. R. Cooper, pp. 403-428. Ann Arbor
Mich.: Ann Arbor Science.
Kirk-Othmer. 1979. Encyclopedia of chemical technology, 2nd ed. New
York: John Wiley and Sons.
McGlathery, M., Exxon Chemicals. 1989. Data Package to the Superfund
Technology Demonstration Division concerning a site proposal.
American Society for Hetals. 1984. Metals handbook, 9th ed., Vol. 7.
Metals Park, Ohio: American Society for Metals.
NASA. 1989. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pilot plant
study of MMH neutralization by ozonation. (Draft report). Las Cruces,
New Mex.:, Johnson Space Center.
Olexsey, Blaney, Turner, and Brown. 1988. Technologies for the recovery
of solvents from hazardous wastes. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous
Materials, 5(4).
Rissman, E., and Fargo, L., Versar. 1989. Letter to Juan Baez-Martinez,
EPA, concerning phone calls made to generators/treators of reactive
wastes.
Robertson, T., Ross Environmental Services, Inc. 1989. To Jim Berlow,
EPA comment concerning EPA's approach to remaining wastes.
Sax, N. Irving, and Richard J. Lewis, Sr. 1987. Dangerous properties of
industrial materials. 7th ed.
Sobororoff, Troyer, and Cochran. 1978. A one-step method for recycling
waste chromic acid-sulfuric acid etching solutions. As presented in
the Proceedings of the Purdue Industrial Waste Conference. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.
Turkeltaub and Wiehl. 1989. Cleaning up explosives contamination at
Army munitions plants using incineration. Hazardous Materials Control
2(4), July-August 1989.
USEPA. 1983. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for
chemical analysis of waters and wastes. EPA-600/4-79-020. Cincinnati,
Ohio: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory.
5-2
-------
USEPA. 1985. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Case studies of
existing treatment applied to hazardous waste banned from
landfills-waste category assessment report corrosive waste. Prepared
by GCA Corporation. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National survey of
hazardous waste treatment, storate, disposal, and recycling
facilities. Computer printout: data on non-CBI commercial facilities
only sorted by management category.
USEPA. 1987a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Generic quality
assurance project plan for land disposal restrictions program (BDAT).
EPA/530-SW-87-011. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
USEPA. 1987b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project summary on
technical resource document: treatment technologies for
solvent-containing wastes. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methodology for
developing BDAT treatment standards, Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Best demonstrated
available technology background document for cyanide wastes.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. . 1988c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project summary on
technical resource document: treatment technologies for
corrosive-containing wastes, Vol. II. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project summary on
technical resource document: treatment technologies for halogenated
organic-containing wastes, Vol. I. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1988e. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: Data for D0Q1, D002, D003, and P and U
wastes containing reactive listing constituents from the generator
survey data base. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
33621
5-3
-------
USEPA. 1988f. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: data on wastewater treatment processes for
specific treatment of fluoride wastes. Retrieved September 26, 1988.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatment
technologies background document. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout, data on processes for specific treatment of
waste oxidizers. Retrieved August 2, 1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: data on treatment of D001, DO02, and D003
wastes from the 1986 Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Survey
database. Retrieved October 27, 1989, Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Computer printout: data on treatment of D001, D002, and D003
wastes from the 1986 General Survey data base. Retrieved October 27,
1989. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Weast, R.C., ed. 1980. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. 61st
ed. p. C-134. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, Inc.
Wilk, Palmer and Breton. 1988. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Technical resource document: Treatment technologies for corrosive-
containing wastes, Vol. II. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
Yoder, M., DPRA. 1989. Letter to Laura L. Fargo, Versar Inc.
concerning 1986 TSDR printout for units/systems with specified unit
types.
Winams and Dreier. 1980. Innovative acid pickling waste treatment at
Universal-Cyclops stainless steel plant. As presented in the
Proceedings of the Purdue Industrial Waste Conference. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.
Windholz, M., ed. 1983. The Merck index. 10th ed.
Rahway, N.J.: Merck and Company.
33S2F
5-4
-------
APPENDIX A
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND
INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS FOR D001 WASTES
-------
28181-1
Table A-l Character fat ton and Industry Data for 0001 Hastes That Are Only Characteristic Ignltable Hastes (i.e., not Mixed
with other hazardous mates) According to the 1986 TSOR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only
SIC code
Industry description
Aaount
Nanageaent
generated
practice
Waste description
in tons
in 1986
Other organic sludge
28
Land treataent
Oily sludge
3
Land treataent
Oily sludge
1
Land treataent
Oily sludge
2,030
Land treataent
Oily sludge
310
Land treataent
Oily sludge
281
Land treataent
Oily sludge
73
Land treataent
Oil-Mater oaulsion or Mixture
142
Land treataent
Soil contaainated with organics
2.703
Land treataent
Soil contaminated with organics
204
Land treataent
Soil contaminated with organics
1
Land treataent
Other inorganic solids
43
Land treataent
Spent solid filters or absorbents
80
Land treataent
Spent solid filters or absorbents
13
Land treataent
Spent solid filters or absorbents
7
Land treataent
Metal scale, filings, or scrap
1
Land treataent
Other inorganic sludge
182
Land treataent
Other organic sludge
12
Landfill
Spent carbon
39
Landfill
Oily sludge
208
Surface inpoundaent
Soil contaainated with organics
297
Surface Mfioundaent
Other inorganic choaicals
1
Surface inpoumhent
Spent carbon
12
Waste piles
Soil contaainated with organics
19
Landfill
Oil-water eaulsion or aixture
754
Land treataent
Other organic liquid
15
Landfill
Other waste inorganic cheaicals
6
Landfill
Spent solid filters or absorbents
3,140
Landfill
Other organic liquid
29
Landfill
2911
Petroleui refining
3011
8221
2821
2889
Miscellaneous plastics inducts
Colleges, universities, professtonal
schools
Chaaicats and cheaical preparations
Plastics Materials, synthetic resins,
nonvolcanizable etas toners
Industrial organic choaicals
Mixed lab packs
Other nonhalogenated organic solid
15
41
Landfill
Landfill
-------
i»I0g-Z
Table 4-1 (continued)
Amount
Management
generated
practice
SIC code
Industry description
Waste description
in tons
in 1986
2869
Industrial organic chemicals (cunt.}
Solid resins or polymerized organics
172
Landfill
Solid resins or polymerized organic:
1
Landfill
Metal scale, filings, or scrap
1
Landfill
Solid resins or polymerized organics
83
Landfill
Solid resins or polymerized organ ics
9
Landfill
Spent solid filters or a desorbent
21
Landfill
Nonhalogenated solvent
45
Surface inpounctoent
Nonhalogenated solvent
28.883
Surface tajioimhent
Nonhalogenated solvent
322
Surface inpoundmt
Waste oil
383.333
Surface i^toumfcent
Concentrated aqueous solution of other organ ics
4.695
Surface iapoumtaent
Nonhalogenated solvent
4
Surface impoumtaent
Soil contaminated with organ ics
329
Surface tajtoundaent
Sediment or lagoon dragout contaminated with organics only
303
Surface taqiotindaent
Sludge with other react Ives
31
Surface bqioundaent
Acidic aqueous waste
462
Underground injection
2879
Pesticides and agricultural chemicals
Lab packs of old chemicals only
15
Landfill
3317
Coating engraving and allied services
Solid resins or polymerized organics
35
Landfill
2819
Other
Organic paint or ink sludge
19.285
Waste piles
3546
Other fabricated Metal products industries,
except Machinery and transportation
equipment industries
Metal scale, filings, or scrap
10
Surface inpoundaent
3674
Semiconductors and related device*
Concentrated aqueous solution of other organics
45
Surface tajxxinctoent
3674
Semiconductors and related devices
Other organic liquid. WDS
1
Surface i^oundaent
4911
Other electronic, gas, and sanitary
services industries
Oi 1-water awls ion or mixture
42
Surface i^xwmtoent
3711
Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies
Enpty or crushed metal drtms or containers
1
Waste piles
Solid resins or polymerized organics
3
Waste piles
Spent solid filters or adsorbents
2
Waste piles
9711
Rational security
Nonhalogenated solvent
1
Landfill
9711
National security
Other inorganic solids
2
Landfill
-------
2818(|-3
SIC code Industry description
8999 Conercial Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facility
Table A-l (continued)
taount
NanageMent
generated
practice
Waste description
in tons
in 1986
Eapty or crushed Metal dnas or containers
919
•>
Landfill
generated by the semiconductors and related
devices industry
Lab packs of solid old organic cheaicals. only
31S
Landfill
Gqity or crushed Metal druts or containers
57
Landfill
Solid resins or polymerized organics generated
8,687
Landfill
by the Manufacturers of paints, varnishes,
lacquers, enaaels. and allied products
Other nonhalogenated organic solids
850
Landfill
Adhesives or expoxies
5
Landfill
Organic paint or ink sludge
401
Landfill
Other organic sludge, HQS
433
Landfill
Resins, tars, or tarry sludge
94
Landfill
Other organic sludge
48
Landfill
Still bottoMS of nonhalogenated solvents or
26
Landfill
other organic liquids
Halogenated/nonhalogenated solvent Mixture
107
Landfill
Other organic liquid
253
Landfill
Waste oil
25
Landfill
Halogenated (e.g.. chlorinated) solvent
18
Landfill
Reactive or poljMerizable organic liquid
5
Landfill
Soil contaMinated with organics
810
Landfill
Ash. slag, or other residue frai incineration
4.598
Landfill
of wastes
Other inorganic solids
91
Landfill
Other inorganic solids. NOS generated by the
54
Landfill
cheMicals and chemical preparations industry.
11
Asbestos solids and debris
3
Landfill
Netal scale, filings, or scrap
1
Landfill
Other inorganic solids
1
Landfill
Drilling Mud
2
Landfill
Caustic solution with Metals but no cyanides
4
Landfill
Other inorganic liquid
2
Landfill
-------
tmag-4
SIC code Industry description
8999 Coaaercial Treatment. Storage. Disposal Facility
(cant iaued)
Iable A~1 (continued)
taunt Management
generated practice
Waste description in tons in 1986
Spent acid with aetata 1
Spent acid without aetata 1
Other inorganic sludge 56
Caustic aqueous waste 1
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides 1
Aqueous waste with low solvent 1.993
Other organic liquid. HOS 3.449
Equipaent cleaning effluent 2
Spent acid with aetals 21
Caustic solution with aetals but no cyanides 5
Halogenated/nonhalogenated solvent Mixture 13,125
Contact flash point less than 140*F generated 4.167
by the industrial organic cheaicals industry
Concentrated solvent-water solution generated 4.167
by the Manufacturers of paints, varnishes,
lacquers, m—lis, and allied products
Other organic liquid 3,340
Oil-water eaulsion or Mixture 1,683
Paint thinner or petroleua distillates 121
Ranhalogenated solvent 54
Aqueous waste with other low toxic organics 1.718
generated by the industrial organic cheaicals
industry
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Surface
iwpoundaent
Surface
i«(ioundMnt
Surface
iapoundnent
Surface
i^ioundaent
Underground
injection
Underground
injection
Underground
injection
Underground
injection
Underground
injection
Underground
injection
Underground
injection
Underground
injection
-------
»i«rs
Table A-i (continued)
SIC code
Industry description
Haste description
Mount
generated
in tons
Management
practice
in 1986
8999 Gonercfal Treatment. Storage, Disposal Facility
(continued)
Other aqueous Hastes with Km dissolved solids 402
Aqueous waste with other low toxic organics 1,424
Halogenated/nonhalogenated solvent Mixture 978
generated by the Manufacturers of other
Miscellaneous plastic products industry
Aqueous solution with low solvents generated 11,505
from the production of Motor vehicle parts
and accessories
Underground
injection
Underground
injection
Waste piles
Waste piles
Reference: USEPA 1986.
-------
Z8IS&-J
Table A-2 Characterization and Industry Data for Mined Mutes Containing Ignitable (0001) Wastes
According to the 1986 TSOR Survey for Non-CBI, lon-caaaercial Facilities Only
taunt Manageaent
Waste generated practice
SIC code Industry description code Waste description in tons in 1986
2911 Petrotew refining 0001 Oily sludge 11 Land treatment
0003
0007
0008
0001 Oily sludge 538 Land treatment
0003
0001 Soil contaminated with organics 7 Land treatment
0007
i
0001 Dry" line or Metal hydroxide solids 4 Land treataent
0002 not "fixed"
0001 Reactive sulfide salts/cheaicals 7 Land treataent
0002
0003
0001 Concentrated aqueous solution of 239 Surface iapoundaefit
K051 other organic
0001
0002
0003
Concentrated aqueous solution of
other organic
239
Surface i^xxmdaent
-------
28199-2
Waste
SIC code Industry description code
8221 Colleges, wiwrsities, 0001
professional schools, and 0002
Junior colleges 0003
1)075
U151
2800 Ctaaicals and chaaical 0001
preparations 0009
0001
0009
0003
0001
0009
0011
9711 National security 0001
F003
F005
0001
0007
1321 Oil and gas extraction 0001
0003
Table A-2 (continued)
Waste description
Aaount
generated
in tons
Management
practice
in 1986
Lab packs of old chenicals only
Landfill
Lab packs of old chenicals only
Landfill
Lab packs of debris only
1 Landfill
Other aetal salts/chenicals only 3
Landfill
Nonhalogenated solvent
Landfill
Other waste inorganic chenicals 50
Landfill
Spent solid filters or absorbents 61 Landfill
-------
Jm'9f-3
teste
SIC code Industry description code
2821 Plastics Materials, 0001
synthetic resins, and nan- 000?
volcanizable elastoaers 0003
1833 Medicinal cheaicals and 0001
botanical products 0002
0002
0003
F002
F003
l»106
0000
0112
U1S4
U220
2809 Industrial organic cheaicals 0001
0002
0003
0001
0003
0001
0002
0007
Table k-t (continued)
Aanunt Management
generated practice
Waste description in tans in 1986
Acidic aqueous waste 1.352 Surface iupoumbent
Other reactive cheaicals
Concentrated solvent-water solution 2.458.353 Surface impoundment
Acidic aqueous waste
Caustic aqueous waste
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no aetaIs
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Caustic solution with cyanides but no aetals
Halogenated (e.g.. chlorinated) solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Monhalogenated solvent
Monhalogenated solvent
Reactive or polyaerizable organic 65.753 Surface Iqumndcnt
liquid
Reactive or polynerizable organic 19 Surface impoundment
liquid
Waste oil
30 Surface inpounchent
-------
28I9g~4
Waste
SIC code Industry description code
28G9 Industrial organic cheaicals (cant.) 0001
0002
0001
0002
0003
0007
0001
0002
K011
K013
KOM
0001
0002
0003
F003
0001
0002
0001
0002
0003
Table A-2 (continued)
taunt Management
generated practice
Waste description in tons In 1906
"Dry" line or Metal hydroxide solids not 2 Surface iapoumkent
-fined"
Battcries or battery parts, casings, cores
Aqueous waste with low solvents 40.725 Surface tapoumfaent
Acidic aqueous waste
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
Other inorganic liquid
Aqueous waste with low other toxic 7.425 Surface inpoumkent
organics
Acidic aqueous waste
Aqueous waste with low other toxic organics
Aqueous waste with 1cm other toxic organ ics
Aqueous waste with low other toxic organics
Reactive or poljaerizable organic 899 Surface tapoumhent
liquid
Nanhalogenated solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent 176 Surface inpounctaent
Nonhalogenated solvent 37 Surface iajmumfcent
Reactive or polyaerizable organic liquid
-------
amirJ
Table A-Z (continued)
SIC code
Industry description
Waste
code
Waste description
taount
generated
in tons
Management
practice
in 1986
Industrial organic dmicals (cant.)
0001
0002
Aqueous waste with Ion solvents
Acidic aqueous waste
383
Surface inpoundaent
3682 Mining and quarries of non-
¦etallic Minerals, except fuel
Other prfcaary Metals industries
Textile Mill products
0001
0007
U188
Aqueous waste with other react ives
(e.g., explosives)
Other Metal salts/chemicals
Concentrated phenoTics
8.382
Surface taftoundaent
i
Other electrical and electronic
Machinery, equipment, and
supplies industries
0001
0002
Acidic
Caustic
waste
waste
507.128
Surface taqpoundeent
2839
Pharmaceutical preparations
0001
0007
F002
F003
F005
Aqueous waste
54.167
Underground injection
USEPA 1986.
-------
2505g-5
Table A-3 Available Waste CharacterIzaton Data for
0001 Ignltable Liquids Subcategory
Mffl (X)
Waste constituent low High
VfflatHg ffrwnlw
1,1,1 Trtchloroethane 10 25
1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroethane 5 10
1,2 Dlchloroethane 5 10
(1,3 Butandiol) 5 10
(2 Pentanol) 5 10
(2 Propanol) 10 20
(2-Ethmy Ethanol) 5 10
Acetone 11 20
Acetonitrlle 20 35
Benzene 3 5
Carbon Disulfide 0 5
Carbon Tetrachloride 5 10
Chlorefons 4.25 8.50
Cyclohexane 7.50 15
Ethanol 0.75 14.75
Ether 15 20
Ethyl Ether 0 40
Ethyl Acetate 8.75 15.25
(Ethyl Alcohol) 24.17 32
Ethyl Benzene 0 8
Ethylene Glycol 8 12
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate 5 15
(Heptane) 20 40
(Hexane) 8.25 12.75
Isobutyl Alcohol 0 21
lsopropenol 8 10
Methanol 15 29.40
Methylene Chloride 2.50 14.00
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 18.22 25.63
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 0 2.82
Methylaalne 0 37
(Pentanol) 3 5
Perch loroethy l*ne 5 jo
Petroleue Ether 10 20
Styrene 0 S5
Toluene 8 15
Trlchloraethylme 12.50 17.50
Trlchloretrlfluoroethane 2 7
Xylan* 17./88 32.81
Volatile organics not specified 28.44 44.79
Note: ( ) denotes a non-MAT constituent.
Reference: Robertson 1989.
A-ll
-------
2854g
Table A-4 Waste Characterization Data for 0001 Oxidizer Subcategory
General or
typical
concentration
Type of waste Constituents or Mount Cu—nits
Propellents, Potass Sua Nitrate Trace 0001
explosing and Barlw Peroxide Trace 0001, 0005,
pyrotechnics
Strontiue Nitrate Trace 0001
Potassimi Chlorate Trace 0001
Waste Propellent Barius Nitrate Trace 0001, 0005,
Potassius Nitrate Trace 0001
Reference: Qeparteent of the ktwy 1987.
A-12
-------
APPENDIX B
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND
INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS FOR D002 WASTES
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE
OMCWnON
WAttEOCaCWPTKM
TABLE B-t CHACTEFH2ATKJN DATA FOU CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES DOM
M0U8TRIAL0E8CAPT10N
QUANTITY OOUOO WATER ORGANIC
PH
ftoWte myitou! twMia
AbradvaproduM
110Q
m
OK
_OL
OK
CONTENT »u
OK
a
AflMBMptlflUINHil
AgrtoufcitalalMHtaMiknaa
• T
NM
•S
WA
t
Addle Miuaaun warta
Agrtoumrdehamtortetneo
MOT
1
M
DK
a
flitfln mpianiM wada
AjrioulwiidNffilsdii mo
SWT
0
«
0
a
Addto aquaoua VMM
82 T
1
M
OK
a
Aoldb NptBBUniMBln
Aim*
ana
0
DK
0
a
AflEdlB MfUaaUfc WMlS
AfeMftan|lnaa and angina parta
aa
S
OK
OK
a
Addto aquaaua wada
Akenlt anjjtoaa and angina parta
eoua
OK
DK
OK
a
Addto atuaouawtfa
AtaenftaflpiMB and anglia parti
4Mia
DK
OK
DK
a
Addle aquaouawHia
Ainnk lyipmm, mg
•oo a
1
OK
DK
a
Addto aquaaua MM*
AtmlMuhMiM. *¦*
nsmwwpivniwiii wi
278 a
71
OK
OK
a
MMbi^hnuivmii
AkonA equipment. mo
iooo a
S
78
OK
2.6
Addto aqpaoua watfa
AlnnK iqu^iiM, mo
1430a
>
OK
QK
4
Addto aquaouawaaia
Almft Mukunm. nmi
1000 a
•
78
OK
0
Addto aquaouawMaia
AluMaaandahtorftia
MHO
1
SO
NTA
a
Addto a^UBOUB aMBll
AWmiaaandeWBfha
amoooa
OK
OK
DK
a
Aflllllal aMMlaMiA. AM
no a
0
98
praaant
a
AoMteaQUBauawaMa
ttadfumaBaaandaiedfflBto
DK
MA
DK
DK
a
Addto M^UUBUaVMH
mm iwnaoaa ana mm vm
700000T
•
SO
DK
a
Addto aqueous mm*
Bona* nuta* rivals, and waahafi
130000Q
2
S3
1
S
Addto aqueouawato
004*4 maMananoaaaivtoae, nao
IT
SS
DK
DK
2.6
Addto aquaouawaMa
dwntoalpiipifldonk mo
SNOOT
OK
SO
OK
a
AddtBI^MNHIIMil
Chamtod preparation. wo
•074 T
OK
OK
OK
a
tift******
Chantiedto and aMad praduM
12000 a
DK
SO
OK
a
Aoldto a^ttaOIIB VMMU
Chamtoato and aiad praduM
imooq
OK
so
DK
a
Addbi^MuiMMi
Chamtoato and aMad praduM
• T
1
so
0
a
Addto aQUBOlia MM
Chamtoato and nladoraduoiialMlUBtridtoanBntoohaiiiBaftLnacLlndMriBloinMiftdMffltoalL ma
1H78Q
DK
DK
0
0
Addto aQUaoUB MM*
Chamtoato and aMad pradueto. Petroleum pfaducta* nao
3400 a
OK
SB
OK
a
Addto aquaoua mm
ChamtoaHandaiadpradiiott.MralMimpiodiioia.nae
ioooo a
OK
SO
OK
a
AcWteiyimwiit
Chomtoafc and aMad product, Motown predude, nao
moo a
OK
SO
OK
a
Addto MtyUBQUa MBMI
Chamtoato and aMad praduM, flatrotoumprodwte, nao
7>oooa
OK
SO
DK
a
Addle HjyioMi wmM
Chamtoato and aMad pfodu6fc,PBtroleumpraduaB,Mc
20800 a
DK
BO
DK
a
Addto aqiMUaMM
Chamtoali and aMad pnduoiB.NiralaiNnpradueiB.naa
1200 a
OK
SO
OK
a
Addto aQUBOUa MOM
ftiemtoali and aMadpraduoto. Petroleum pcoduda. mo
0
OK
SO
WA
7
ftflMtnywiniwit
Chamtoato and aMad pradudB»flBtratoum praduM, mb
iKoo a
OK
SB
OK
7
AtWto mwvitmt
Chamtoato and aMad pradudB,Po*otownprodude, nao
•oooa
DK
SB
0
7
AcMbi^iioiiimm
Chamtoato and aMad pradwaa* Pairateum pvoduda. nao
700 Q
DK
SB
DK
7
AoMlo aquaoua wMa
Chamtoato and afltod produota* Petratouffl pcoduda* noc
407S2Q
OK
SO
OK
7
Addto aQuaoua«Mn
Chamtoato and aMod products, Prtratoum praduM, mo
10200 a
OK
SO
OK
7
Addto OtyueauawaMn
Cold MMn0 of aval ahapaa
4000000 a
1
so
DK
2.3
Arttfto nwtwt fffHf
Colapaaand untveratooa. nao
2T
3
10
0
a
Addto A^UIOUl Mlla
ComraiQld Mtinp tdbonaorioa
1ST
OK
DK
OK
3
AOldlB n^UBOUB MBla
Copper tolling and drawing
S7S000T
1
SO
0
a
Addto iqUBOUB WBM#
(rflfpff WWfc^l fftd y, hm*nft, fffirf yypaf iaMftitrIf, NontofTOUB fajtlBB
337100 T
OK
SB
OK
3
Addto KpiBOUB Md#
CojqjorinMns and drawing. Motor vahtoto parte and nooaBeoriea
184387T
OK
DK
NM
2
ff**T
ftmhuiMfaMlw IWmsI lf fcMI fThaffljffd ItfUfl—MO
11T
0
SO
OK
a
Adtfoi^yiouiwMli
Coatwne )anwfcy. Qenerat chemical manulaclurlnB. Chemical prapataBona, nao
IT
0
OK
NIA
2
AflMBI9NMIIIiHl9
Coatuma lawahy, Qanaral ehamleal manutaoturkg, Chamleat pnpMdana, nac
1»T
0
SO
OK
12
Addfc aqUBOUO WBBtO
CwiaM-eanylng wMng davtaaaAaeMn ubaa, MnamMng,Elaciiaflle aotrponanta, nao
22SOQ
1
S7
1
3
Addto aquaouiMM
Cuiranl-oaffylnfl imlHng davtoaa,Ba«fpn lubaa, liaiiamlllngflaclronlo conyonaWa, nao
27000
1
87
1
9
Addto aquaouaMM
Cyelo orudaa nad Mannacdaiaa
48430 T
0
88
0
2
Addle aquaoua MM
CycMo crodaa nnd Intannadlaloa
WIST
0
84
10
a
AoMe aquaoua mm
Cycle orudaa and tntatrmdlalaa
13000 T
0
SB
0
2
Addto aquaouawMa
Cydc crudaa and MarmadWaa, Ntroganoua lartlbiara
14000T
OK
SO
DK
a
Addle aquaoua watfa
Cydc crudaa and tntarmadlalaa, Surfaoa acttva aganta
0
DK
80
1
4
Addle aqueous mH
OK
46000 Q
0
88
0
2
Addle aqueoua watfa
DK
6000000Q
DK
88
DK
2
Addle aqueous watfa
DK
83072000G
0
88
not present
2
Addle aqueous waste
OK
41527T
present
94
DK
2
Addle aqueous waste
DK
67600G
DK
98
DK
7
Ackllc aqueous waste
DK
131600 a
OK
M
DK
7
Aridto aqueous wa#le
Eleaifc and
-------
TABLE 8-1 CHACTEMZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES 0002
PHYSICAL WASTE
oeacwpnow
WASTE OESCRKTON
MOUSTRWL OCSCHFTION
QUANTITY
SOLOS WATER
<*> «*»
ORGANIC
CONTENT <%>
PH
PMIC MM flntf NMOPt OOndnM* eWGR 1WI0OT
412$ T
1
88
1
2
0MlriBMn(DII
1534068 Q
DK
DK
OK
2
OmMbhiMmi
41000Q
pNMM
SB
NM
2
*-
CRCRinMl
44542 T
MM
88
fM
2
GmMcmMm
DK
1
fMsent
DK
2
0BCfeiC MIVfDOft
172621T
1
88
0
2
ri, 1^1, mb^u.
tnoRnnni
238032T
1
80
0
2
SmMbmMbm
1447 T
NM
86
NM
2
Chi n mdm
8293 T
nm
86
nm
2
BmMbiiMmi
B08T
m
86
NM
2
BmMbhnIni
5320300Q
m
pnMnt
NM
2
EUadricttfvfm
818000 Q
NM
pNMflt
WA
2
cMons sbpndsv
043000Q
m
pNMflt
NM
2
BKticiaMoM
273100 a
nm
present
m
2
SadriBMrvfeM
3711900Q
m
pMMM
m
2
D>i» wrtM
282800Q
WA
MM
nm
2
—_« .. _
MBncipiai
2160
MNItf
DK
NM
2
BmMbmMbm
1S48600Q
NM
mnm
MA
2
**- ¦* •¦
CMmWOT
41333SQ
OK
80
DK
7
BNMBflWkH
6887400Q
DK
DK
OK
7
QMXfcMNtoH
3753634Q
OK
OK
OK
7
OwHr —ni,—
180200 Q
OK
OK
OK
7
EhMrtP MndoHi
130720 a
OK
OK
OK
7
Etodrfc mnIdss
9233 T
OK
80
OK
7.26
1201368 Q
pMMrt
80
DK
S
SNMrfeavtffeM
sr
OK
30
1
2
Prtinfr firnyrmtnintr
250 Q
OK
OK
DK
2
OsdranfcoenfnaMa^Mc
336 O
OK
DK
OK
2
BKMriecaofnaaaMkatc
3»G
1
8S
DK
2
DiOawfc o«i|iwn whfchw. Sfrac+pmputeton unto and part*
2T
OK
80
NM
2
QuhJad lulMiw iid wl*iw, S|>af piopuWon unto and part»
IT
S
80
WA
8
Hwd Mid tdtya toofc^ noc
1 T
NM
fM
NM
2
H0ndiotfcoflHi|i^)HMiiHoiidHld^|An6H»iW'
10600000 Q
NM
88
0
2
MubKU^hm
44676000Q
10
88
1
3
lml>wMli
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE
Pt SCRIP TOW
WASTE DESCRIPTION
TABLE B-t CHACTEWZATION OATA FOft CMAfMCTEfUSTK CORROSIVE WASTES OOH
MOUSraiAL DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY
SOLtDS WATER
/«! rtti
ORGANIC
CONTCNT <%]
PM
6M1T
0.1
99
DK
2
3471 T
0
99
0
2
425000G
2
90
1
2
00
1
90
DK
2
369000 T
1
96
0
2
91600000
prMtnt
99
0
2
WOOQOOOQ
OK
100
DK
2
93$mr
OK
96
0.1
2
149809 T
pMMM
99
m
9
1217040 T
0
99
0
7
860000G
Wtk
99
m
7
100 r
a?
9ft
0
2
2820000 a
0
90
nolprmm*
2
tttwooa
0
90
ndprMMt
2
119827 Q
DK
90
DK
2
t017T
0
07
0.1
2
2T
prtMni
prtMflf
pwmi
2
1»T
pfwnt
pnwnt
pwwi
2
DK
praMM
piwm
awK
2
119T
DK
90
DK
2
firooa
0
00
WA
2
2370100 a
0
99
0
2
409257 T
OK
96
0.9
2
2000
DK
DK
0
2
1 T
OK
OK
DK
2
2777707
DK
99
pi—mi
2
342 T
B
40
10
9
30 T
DK
70
DK
4
102302 T
«
90
t
4
4040230
2
70
0
fi
OK
fmttnt
pra«««
0
9
0T
2
90
0
7A
2ctt r
pmm*
90
pt—iK
7.6
17302 T
DK
DK
DK
7.20
•4317T
OK
99
PMMOt
2
262800000
0
99
iwipw
Addle aqueouea
Addict s^imoui vnmM
AcMtc i^MouiinM
Addle aquaoua Mi
AcWIS SQU60UB VMfll#
Addle aquaoua MM
Addle aquaoua aaM
Addle aquaoua MM
Addle aqueoua MM
Addle aquaoua mm
AcWfe aquaoua wwm
Addle aquaoua mm
Addle aquaoua araM
AcMfe aquaoua MM
Addle aquaoua mm
Addle aqueou* MM
Addle aqueou* Ma
Actftc iquvout mat*
Addle aqueou* ifflM
Addle aqueou* MM*
Addle aqueou* wade
Addle aqueou* wan*
Addle aqueoua wm»
Addle aqueous waste
Addle aqueous way a
Mdlc aqueous wbub
MunW knrganlc chenfcafc. nac
MvMM hagiNe chanfcah, ran
MvMiW horgaMe etmMeak, nw
MuatMtiorgaNocfnMEifc, nae
MwkW Inarganb ehamleali, mo
todu*»rtdtiCTg*ntod»*n1cal*.n*c
hduatrtd Inorganic dw
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE
DESCRIPTION
WASTE DE SORPTION
TABLE B-t CHACTERIZATON DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES 0002
NOUS TRIAL DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY SOtOS WATER ORGANIC
PH
(%)
r*i
CONTENT <%>
Nation* (acuity. ArnnunMcn. eacafX tor smsl aim, nac
1100G
0
80
N/A
2
Niiogenous laOKtaw
6580000 Q
0
00
0
2
Ntrogenous terdfeeis
70085200 G
2
98
DK
2
Nonianoua toBng and draatag. nac. FdMicdad malal products, nac; MtedUnious metal wort
220 T
a
BO
1
2
Nortfenoua «*• drawtig and heuMng
1578 G
s
se
N/A
2
Nonfarroua wire drawing and InauMing
28250 Q
2
80
present
2
Nonmetadc mineral products, nac
1603440 G
2
SB
DK
2
Nonwowan fabrics. Baeeaidi and development jdwratorles
IT
DK
DK
DK
2
0* and gaa Md service*. nac
180000Q
DK
DK
OK
7
08 and gaa IWd eervtces, nac
72000 Q
DK
DK
DK
7
Ordfrroawtd wcaaaottoa, nac
110Q
DK
SO
WA
2
Organic paattdda products
1387 T
6
B8
0
2
rwroMni ramnp
8T
25
75
DK
2
PataobumialMnQ
186327 Q
OK
present
DK
5
PMolMffi nMnf
468000G
DK
praaant
DK
12
, > ti *
nWywBIWBIW
500 Q
2
80
N/A
2
PhrtnllnlrtMnfl Hbomoriaa
12Q
10
BO
0
2
PtwtaflnteNnfl Htxnaortaa, Signs and advsrfelng diqiiaytPhotoangravIng
65 G
OK
DK
DK
5
Photographic aqu^mant and auppiias
40 G
DK
OK
DK
2
PholograpMc aqulpmant and auppBaa
IT
N/A
80
0
2
PhoioQraphic aqu^msni and a^Pfe*
IT
N/A
80
30
2
Ptaatica nMMatti and raaina
10041 T
0
BO
OK
2
ftl j| . - A m *-4 - .
riawip ano poHranQ
DK
N/A
87
N/A
2
Plating and polatiing
4800 G
15
80
N/A
2
Ptaing and poHNng
495 G
DK
DK
DK
2
Ptating and polaNng
750 G
6
85
0
2
fnvng ans poHranQ
3500 G
2
87
0
2
PWngandpokNng
1S0G
S
88
0
2
PWng and poWiing
2250000 G
N/A
88
OK
2
^ -* — -* - «¦ - «
raong ano powang
1123T
0
B9
DK
2
PlathgandpofsMng
43875000 G
DK
BB
DK
7
PHhg and poMkig. Current-carrying wiring devicea, Electronic eommeetors
54000 T
1
8B
DK
2
Plating and poWiingJUstal coaling and aKed services
113333G
DK
80
DK
2
Plating and poMiing.MaHi coding and aliad eer*cee,Sieel wte and taialad products
177270 T
prater*
83
N/A
2
Primary bdtMtsa,diy and «rd
ST
DK
DK
OK
2
Products ot purchased giais
324 T
0
BB
0
2
Rado and TV communication equipment
231 G
11
87
N/A
4
Radio and TV communication aqulpmanl.Electronic components. nec.Piatlng and poNshlng
490 T
18
N/A
N/A
2
Refrigeration and heattig equipment. Motor vehide parts and accssaorles,Alrcraft equtxnent, nec
37200 G
1
88
DK
2
Refuse systems
450 G
N/A
40
N/A
4
Research and development lahorshales
22T
15
85
DK
2
Raasarch and davsiopniant tatoomoriss
185 G
1
89
DK
2
Research and development laboratories
4426 G
DK
present
DK
3
Raaaardi and diMlopnwil laboratories
156 G
37
55
35
4
Secondary nonianoua matafe, Aluminum roMng and drawing, nac. Nonlarroua roHng and drawing, nec
17815 G
DK
98
DK
t
Semiconductors and lalaled devicea
5000000
1
99
1
2
Semlconduciots and raHed devicea
173600G
0
80
0
2
Semiconductors and related devices
72650 G
0
70
0
2
Semiconduaors and ratted devicea
44500 G
0
10
0
2
Semiconductors end related devicee
275 G
0
75
present
2
Semiconductor* and raided devices
250 G
0
80
0
2
Semiconductors and raided devicea
33900G
U
7B
0
2
Serriconductoti and rotated devices
15310 G
praam
88
N/A
2
Semiconductors and reialed devices
5T
0
73
0
2
Semiconductors and raided devicea
44399027 G
present
89
present
2
Semiconductor and misted devicea
263500 T
1
88
1
3
Samiconducloic and raided devices
4T
0
SO
DK
3
Serriconductors and retaled devices
3444 T
3
94
0
4
Semiconductors and retaled devices
IT
0
60
DK
4
Semiconductors and related devices
8G
0
20
DK
4
Semiconductors and relaied devices
6837 T
1
99
present
6
Semiconductor and relaied devices
67510000 G
DK
DK
1
6.9
Aqueous Inorganic liquids
(continued)
afJUaOU$ MMl
P^rh&r- iqmgm WMlB
|q|)|gg| WMl9
Addfc aquaous MMt
Acttci^uioui mhii
AddklQUMUIMMl
Acidte apuaoua waaia
Acttc MJUaOUl WM
ACtfC MJUtOUB WMla
MMt^uiouiwiM
iqunn hmm
AcMc acjuaoua waste
Addfc ¦qwous
MfMOUl MM
p+tM* iqmgm waate
Addfcaquaouewaad
fl^UMUS V
Addfcaquaouai
Addc aqueous waste
Addfc S^WOUB W*l6
Addfe MQUSQUa MHll
a^uaoua mm
Addte aquaoua wmm
Addeaquaouai
MdbipfiMuii
Addfcaquaouai
Addksn|Mouii
Addfcaquaouav
Addcaquaoua*
Addeaquaouai
Addfcaquaouav
Addfcaqueouas
Addfc aquaoua wis
AddfcaquaouavNia
AckMc aquaoua mmH
Addfc aquaoua w»
iqmgm awaa
Acidic aqtMOUa WMM
Addfc aquaoua t
Addfcaquaouav
Addcaquaouat
Addle aquaoua i
Addeaquaouai
^moui wwia
pkritfa aquaoua Nfll
MfUQOUa VMSta
Addfc aquaoua warta
iqyioui wasto
Addfc aquaoua Viaala
|||mg|g mil
Addle aquaoua WMla
Addc aquaoua wade
Addle aquaou* wast*
Addc aqueous mate
Addfc aquaoua watia
aqutoua waste
Acidic aquebus waste
Acidic aqueous waste
Acidic aqueous waste
Acidic aqueous waste
-------
PH
7
»
12
2
a
a
e
a
2
a
2
1
2
4
2
2
2
12
12
6
a
4
11
12
7
2
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
>2
12
12
12
7
11
12
10
2
2
12
12
2
11
12
12
12
2
2
7.26
7.25
7.25
7,25
7.5
T *
WASTE DESCRIPTION
TABLE B*1 CHACTERIZATtON DATA POB CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES DOCS
mOUSTRIM. DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY
AcMc aquaou* wade
Acftdto a*yfti*vt wttM
M|IM0U8 WMl#
iqmom warta
Addloi^uiouiMMi
AddtB ifUtOUl MM
AcMc AtylltQUt VMflta
Addte wjuwus wwi#
Addle a^uaoua WMfta
AddlO VMM
AddlD AtyliaOUa wmh
Addle aquaou*«
y|ifwtia m
my tifiPt t
AcldlB ftlllJaOUt I
AcMo MfUWHH VNfllS
Aqueous waete with tow other Ionic organlce
Aquaou* w**t*wMi low othwknlcoryanice
Aquaou* wad* wtth kw oth*r tatle organfce
Aquaou* wart* with lorn aotvant*
Aquaou* MM «Mi taw *otv*nt*
Aquaou* waatewltti low aolvant*
Aquaou* wad* with lew aotvantt
Aquaou* wad* wMt low aelvanu
Cauatte Aquaout wmh
Cauatta A9uaoua waata
r^niiw /Mflffom
CauaMo Aquaou* w*d*
Caurtlc Aquaou* wad*
CauaMo Aquaou* wad*
Caudle Aquaou* wad*
Caucta Aquaou* W**t*
Caurtlc Aqueous waata
Caustic Aquaou* wart*
Camtlo /^umninrti
Caurtlc Aquaou* wast*
Caudlo Aqueou* wart*
Caudlo Aquaou* watt*
Cauatle Aquaou* waila
Caurtlc Aquaou* wart*
Caudle Aquaou* wan*
Caudle Aquaou* wacl*
Caudle Aquaou* wait*
Caudle Aquaou* waste
Caudle Aquaou* wad*
Caudle Aquaou* wada
Caustic Aquaou* wada
Cauttlc Aquaou* wad*
Cauttlc Aquaou* wad*
Caustic Aquaou* wada
Caudle Aquaou* wad*
Caudle Aqueous wad*
Caudle Aquaou* wad*
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Oau«VVc fcquttou* *as\a
8etnlconductot* and wlded devtoea 180000 T
SwrtoonOuetot* end wlWad dwrte** ZOO 0
8oap and other detergents 1750 Q
8oftwood veneer and plywood 3869620 Q
Space ptopuWon unto and pane 800000Q
Space reaiaroh and tachnotogy 300 0
Spaoa laaaarch and technology 1Q
Steel pt» and tube* sooooooa
Steel wb» and raided produeM 2SOOOQ
Storage teterte* 70000 a
Storagebdteriea, Prlmanr bdtertae, dry and wd 11«T
Burgled appHancaa and rtqySaa 1318600Q
Synthdlo Wbb*r 1200T
Talsphon* and tetegraph apparapw, Semiconductors *nd related devVosa, Radio and TV oommunlcallon eg 400 Q
Tehphoiw and fp**aii.l1wBlfOT()i mtofi and rvfaatd davkaa 170000
TataphonaMtabp^^ifMra^Samtonducioreand ralaiad davtcaa 17000 Q
Water auppty 032080 T
Agricultural chemicals, nec 4008000Q
EI*arlcal*qu^mMan4auppRM,nae 330 Q
Spedal warehouaing and dotage, nec 217000 Q
Cycle orudas and tntemwdUMe 270000 Q
Electrical equfrimont and luppHaa, nee 220Q
General chemical manuJacturlng 1M10
Pharmaceutlcai prepardlon* 01T
Semiconductor* and related devices 880 Q
Agricultural charrlcal*, nac 3T
Agrlcuturd chemical*, nec 436 T
Agrlculurd chemical*. nec. Organic pedlctde products 21 T
Air, water, and eo&J waata management 1000
Aircraft *ogln** and *ngln*p*f1* 220Q
Aircraft anglnee and engine part* 21SG
Aircraft engine* and *ngln* parte M320
Aircraft anglnee and engine parta 2280Q
Aircraft anglnee and angiM part* ,6Sa
Abend angina* and angina part* 1824 0
Mrcrtfi angtnea and engine pans 12Q
Aircraft angina*and anginaparte 1680
Alumhum sheet, ptrte, and M, Aluminum rolling and drawing, nec 48000 T
Btaat turnacee and M*el irtil* ST
BUdfumaoa* and MeetmMe S8T
Boka, nut*, rival*, and washer* 3640000 Q
Chemical preparation*, nec 200 <3
CommercW laundry 13 T
Costume (owelty 330 O
Cortume Jewelry 580
Cycle crude* and IntotmdM** 165000000 Q
DK 1803
OK OK
DK 6G
DK '«7»6 T
Electric aarvlcaa 3423000 Q
Electric cervices 4693 T
Electric service* 35897 T
Electric services 992715 0
Electric services 9882 T
Eledilc services 164 IT
Electric services 1S91 T
Etacute Mr.lcn T
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE
OESCRPTION
WASTE DESCRIPTION
TABLE B-1 CHACTERZATfON DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES 0002
MDUSTRtAL DESCRPTION
QUANTITY
SOLOS
WATCH
ORGANIC
PH
<%l
(%l
CONTENT 1*1
55G
1
80
DK
10
1000000 Q
1
98
1
12
«8G
0
SO
0
12
216000 Q
2
98
0
12
95938G
S
80
DK
8
1ST
10
80
N/A
12
270000 Q
1
88
0
7
OK
OK
DK
DK
12
<00 Q
5
80
N/A
12
140 Q
present
50
DK
11
32T
11
80
N/A
12
S8395T
2
88
0.1
12
1596 G
present
86
m
11
IT
OK
25
DK
3
1ST
S
86
OK
12
1 T
0
80
0
7
210000G
0
88
0
10
680000 G
0
98
0
10
168000 G
0
88
0
11
0
OK
75
N/A
12
2326 T
present
proaont
0
12.5
4350000 G
1
88
1
10
4T
present
present
present
2
8T
preeent
preeent
present
2
4T
preeent
pretent
present
2
2805 G
present
88
OK
11
15000G
OK
95
DK
12
55G
1
97
DK
12
338700 Q
1
98
0
8
202100 G
1
80
0
8
6*6752 T
proton!
88
DK
8
OK
31
OK
OK
12
7150 G
DK
86
DK
10
6600
DK
78
DK
11
513 G
DK
80
OK
11
550 G
present
present
present
12
0
0
96
1
12
250 G
1
88
N/A
2
300 G
OK
DK
DK
2
6508 T
DK
90
OK
12
20000G
5
80
DK
S
DK
N/A
30
DK
12
23200 G
DK
DK
DK
12
30G
DK
OK
OK
12
2T
10
80
N/A
12
7 T
0
80
N/A
11
0
DK
DK
DK
12
1 T
0
75
DK
12
1 T
0
75
OK
12
2T
0
80
N/A
12
415214 G
5
95
1
12
2640 G
1
89
0
12.5
1 T
15
75
N/A
22
120000 G
DK
95
OK
12
100000 G
0.5
80
N/A
12
173T
0
99
0
12
33T
0
99
N/A
12
10000 G
5
95
OK
12
1610G
0
90
N/A
12
40 T
30
70
30
10
4T
3
95
0
12
4908 G
14
86
7
12
Aqmnm tnofpanir l5yu*5*y Cwsdc Apueous
|conflnmd| CMMtk Aqutout
Cmrtfr Affitftiff1
Cmmik Aquwut
CmmHc Aquaout
Cauetic Aqueous
CmhHp Aiyrff
CfltfltiC AqUtOUB
CMHcAquMW
Caudle Aquaous
Caullc Aqueous
CMteAquoout
CmUcA^unui
CSmnHc a^uioui
Aqutoui
CflUMiC AfMOUl
CmmMc Aqueous
Ciutflc Aquaoui
Caustic AqiMOUS
CwMfcAquMW
Caucdc A9UNUI
CtttftoAquiOUi
CamMeAquMUi
CMfcAQMQUC
CMjtfc a^umui
Causfc Aqueous «
Cmfc Aqmoi»i
Cflurttc Aqutous ¦
Caustic Aqueous a
Ctustic Aqutouti
CmMe Aqueous*
CanfeAfHouii
CwrtcAi)uiouiMMi
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueoue «k
CaafcAquooutwMlo
frgfflr Aqmow yrtt
Cwrilc Aqmout Mdt
Caucfc Aquaoutweto
^7i"^ waglt
AqwffwuffWt
firfr AffWHf wwit
^TfTfr VyfiKhW fUffH
CmticA(|MOUftwtti
Cawtfc Aquoous msti
Causdc Aquooui wqsio
rattfr k^mnm irnrtt
CuiEfr Arymoin WHih)
Caustic Aqueous wast*
Caustic Aqueoue waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Caustic Aqueous waste
Causae Aqueous waste
Electric servicee
Electric services
Electronic components. nee
Electronic conixMrt^ nee
Electronic confuting equipment
Electronic cortfMkig equipment
Fabricated metal products, nee
Fabricated metal product*, nee
FArioted metal products, nec, Scmw machine products
Fluid meters and counting dtvtoes
General cherrical menutachrtig
General crap eenloa*
Heating equlpmsrt. except electric. Fabricated maul product*, nec
Household relrtprator* and freezer*
Industrial oonfroia
Industrial gaass
Industrial ctganicchanlcaM, nec
Industrial organic chemical^ nec
Industrial organic chemical* nec
Industrial mganlccheiTfcals, nec
Industrial oiganlc chemical*, nec
Industrial oigaitlcchenical^ nec^gricuftural chemicals, nec, Cpcfic erode* and Intsrmedlales
Industrie organic chemicals. nec^gricuttural chemicafc, nec. Plastics materials and reelne
Industrial organic chemicals, nee^gricutual chemicals, nec. Plastics materials and teste
Industrial organic chamicaia. Mentastics materials and teste
kwtrumsnts to measurs electricity, Procass control Instruments
Lubricating ok aid grease*
Machine tools, metal cutting tjpe*3pedaldtoe,tootsJlgs, end fctfure. Machine tool acceasorles
Metal coattig and aNed aenrices
Metal coathg and dhd aervtoe*
Metal coatkig and aNed service*
Metal coattng and aNed servicee
Maul coatkig and aNed service*. Coating, engraving, and aNed service*
Metal cotthg and aNsd ssrviass, Coating, engrairfng. and aNed service*
Metal coaling and aNad service*. Coating, engrawlng. and aNed senrica*
Metal oMos tumfcire. Metal pandons and fMuie*. Fumlure and feturee, nec
Metal stampings, nec. Sheet metal work. Metal barrels, druma. and pais
Metal working machinery, nec
llettl wortdhQ nwhkwwy, mc
misoetaneoue fabricated wire products
Miscellaneous metal worii
Motor vehicle parts and acceaeoriee
Motor vehictse and car bodlee
Motora and generator*
Motore and generator*. Motor vehicle peris and aocesaoriee
National security
National security
National security
National security
Nations! security
NaUonal security
National security
Noncommercial research organizations
Organic pesticide product*
Organic pesticide products
Petroleum refining
Petroleum refining
Petroleum refining
Photographic equipment and supplies
Plastics materials and resins. Adhesives and sealants
Plating and potshlng
Plating and poishing
-------
PH
10
11
1>
19
10
11
•
10
12
12
12
•J
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
2
2
7
2
10
6
¦
7
7
?A
•
8
2
2
8
2
•
8
7
7
9
2
4
4.3
4
4
4
7
7
7
7.2
10
12
7
7
2
2
3
12
4
TABLE B-1 CHACTERIZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES 0002
WASTE DESCRIPTION INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY
ffrmtn Aquaoua waala
Caualte Aquaoua iMi
Caustic Aqimuivmii
WMlt
flwulln
Caustic Aqueous WMte
Cauafe Aquaoua*
AqiftfHH 1
Cauadc AqUOOU**
Crniltn Aquaoua wMla
CmmMd AqUOOUa VMM
Cauado Aquaoua waala
CwmHd
CmmHb Aqutoui waale
Cauallo Aquaoua wwle
Caualto Aquaoua waala
Cauadc Aquaoua waila
CaUStlC AqUeOUS WMS
Caiottc Aquaoua wmI*
fin fftitr wMt
Cauatto Aquaouas
Other aquaoua wmM wlh low dissolved Midi
Other aquaoua w«iew*h low dlasolved sold*
OUter aquaoua waala wMi tow dlaeokred toMi
attar aquaoua waala wHi low dtaeokrad aolda
fthi mimwm tiJfc Iwn ( buWki| and tapalrini
IpM raaaareli and tachftTtf*py
Space raaaarch and taohnotogr, PhoMMMng laborOoriea
Swhchlng and lernWtti davtoaa
Tanls and lank oonqtonanls
Telephone and leleQrspli and relalad davlooe
TrucMng, exoept local
Valvee and pipe Mngs
OK
Cycle crudaa and Mennedlalae
Cycle crudaa and intermediates
DK
Electrical equfrmont and supples, nae
Fabricated metal praducta, neo
F rtrieated rubber products, nae
Guided mMlee and spaoe vehtdee, Aircraft, Aircraft equipment, neo
Industrial Inorganic chenfeals, nao
N trogenou* lertltzer*
Myogenous tsrttesrs
Ntoogsnous hunters
Plating and polshlng. Aircraft squ^mem
Semloonductota and related devfcee, Election tubea, reeeMng type. Electronic connadon
8ervtcea, nec
Cycle crudee and Intemwdlalea.kMfclilal organic chemlosls. necJOtioganoue lerttteeri
Fabricated metal praducta, nec; MlaceNmeoua matal work
Industrial organic chamlcale, nec
Manufacturing Industries, neo
Reeearch and development laborstorlea
Coaling, engraving, and aMad services
DK
Qsdranfc components, nec
Electronic corrponents, nao. Semiconductors and related devices. Electronic parte and aqu^mant
Fabricated metal products, nec. Metal office fumlure, PubMc budding and raMed lurnturs
Qenaral chemical mamHadurlng, Induetrial Inorganic cherricals, neo
General chemical manufacturing. 8o*p and other detargenta
Industrial Inorganic cherrlcak. neo
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Industrial organic chemlcala, nec
Industrial organic chemicals, nec, Industrial Inorganic chemlcale, nec
Marine cargo handling
Metals service center* and offloa*
Nlrogenous lertllzera
Nonferrous rolling and drawing, nec, Metal stampings, nec, Fabricated metal products, nec
Nonlerrous wire drawing and Insulating
Ordinance and accessories, nec
Paints and allied products
Phaimaceuttcat pt«paration»
1800
2T
iiooo a
40T
2600 Q
1260000 Q
1100
B370Q
201 T
31SQ
22410 a
11S04Q
230000 a
isooa
2760 a
278000Q
aoT
eaoa
B30000Q
2700 Q
lasoa
318000 a
10*4400 Q
34 T
54773 T
936 0
99182T
143 T
187428 T
9881248 0
4020872 0
388000 0
221 T
53207*T
386 O
32978T
71250 a
2490 T
14000000Q
4898 G
122 T
11B0G
1100
1600
360000 G
8180
ei8 a
882419 0
840 T
76737 G
17828 T
482 T
1891687
100000 G
5000 O
6Q
44660 T
4076000 G
2069541Q
17B3000 Q
-------
PH
4
9.5
S
5
8.5
8.S
9
2
12
6
8
2
2
7
7
2
2
11
11
8
a
2
2
2
4
8
2
10
12
10
12
11
12
12
10
2
12
S
6
9
11
10
11
12
9
12
2
5
8
8
8
8
8.8
9
9
9
9
WASTE DESCRIPTION
TABLE B-1 CHACTERIZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES DOCS
MOUSTREAL DESCRPTON
QUANTITY
Wastewater or aqueous mtoaure Pharmaceutical praparadoni 1763000 G
WwliiiiMif oraquaoua nrtdura Plastics mtfsrisls and isains 2S8438T
WhMMi or aqueous mixture Plating and pohNng 15602400 Q
Wm»rt» or aqueoue mbaura Platkig and pofchlnQ 19985896 0
Wmi«m«i' or aqueoue iriauto Pitting and pofaMng 1440000 0
Wastewater or aqueoue rrhtura PMhgandpoMikig 1234840 Q
WtwrKir at aqueoue mtoure Pitting and polaNng 5000000 G
WaWtaMsr or aqueousmttture Plating and pofaMng, Jaanky.pradouamattl 6376139 Q
Wartewnter or aquaoua mbaura Pitting and polsNng. Jswety, precious maul 36000 G
Wsstiinliror aqueous mixture Prasssd and blown glass. nec. Electric lamps 4800000 0
WaBannaat or aquaoua mbaura Primary metal product*, nac, Electronic components, nac, Fabricated maul product*, nac 8 T
Waalewaar or aquaoua mixture Secondary nonlerrou* metals, Motor vehicle parts and accaasorlee 5088000 Q
Waslewnaer or aquaoua mixture Semiconductors and «Msd devices 84000000 0
Wastewater maquaoua mbaura Semiconductor* and lahtid devices 143500 T
Wartewaler or equeoue mixture Sentonductat* and wlttsd dawtcaa 70Q
Wstmaaw or aquaoua mbaura Surtaoa active agants,Mu*rW organic chemicals. nac 65918 Q
Wastewater or aquaoua mbaura Switchgeer and stchboard ^apar«ue 17400000 0
WaMewttar or aquaoua trtaura Tanta and tank components 123T
Wastewater or aquaoua ntdura Vafcss and pipe mkigt 2S0Q
Contarintted sol or dam? residue Electronic components, nac 8T
Conlamlnaladaolordaanqxaaidua Miacatinepiio plastic* products. PiaUca mttarl alt and tealne 41T
Sol rBnfitottad wth Inorganlca only Industrial Inorganic chaofcab. nac 455 T
Sol contarrtntted with Inorganics only Industrial Inorganic dienfcifc, nac 2311T
Sol coufilnMad wth Inorganlca only hdusirfal organic chemicals, nec IT
Sol tuifiiittsd »»i Inorganics onfr lianubcturing Industries, nac IT
SaleenMrnMadaMtotganlca WscstoneouaplMIri pmrturH. Spotting and tthieltc goods, nec 0
SotcontamMadwttiorganlcs Syrthafc lubber 2S9T
Caustic solullon wth instate and cyanides Electronic components. nac 7066 Q
Caustic solution wth mauls and cyanides Bedronlc oonpuHng equipment IT
Caustic solution a*t instils and cyanidea Plathg and polshingjitetal ooating and a»ed aervtoes, Electronic component*, nec 50 Q
Causae aoUfcmwMi instate and cyanidae Teisptiono tummilcallun 165 Q
Causae soMcn wth instate but no cyanidaa Aircraft 47 T
Caustic sofealan will mania bur no cyanldss Alien* 36 T
Caustic aolution wth metals but no cyanidee Aircraft enginee and angina paiti 240 0
Caustic solution wth metals but no cy«*Jee Aircraft equipment, nec 0
Caustic solution wth metals but no cyanidee Aircraft equipment, nac, UlsoalUnaous malal wo*. Fsbrlcjaed maud products, nac 48 Q
Caustic solution wth metals but no cyanldea Aluminum extruded products 28560 G
Caudle solution wlh instate but no cyanidaa Aluminum rotilng and drawing, nac, Aluminum extruded products 178 T
Causae ssMan wlh instate but no cyanide* AutomolWa standing* Metal cottlng and sBedsatvlcsa 4T
Caustic solution wlh metals but no cyanidaa Cufrent-carrytig wiring device* 1300Q
Caustic solution wth metals but no cyanides Cunentcarryfrig wiring devices.Electron tubas, transmlting,Electronic components, nac 61200 G
Caustic solution wth metals but no cyanidaa Cutlery 4444 G
Caustic solution wth mauls but no cyanidaa Cycle crude* and imarmedtates.lndustrlai organic chemicals, nac 96200 T
Caustic solution wlh metals but no cyanides DK 3876000 G
Caustic solution wMi instate but no cyanide* Electrical equfrment and aupplha. nac 11395G
Caustic solution with metals but no cyanides Electron tube*, transmitting 700 G
Caustic solution wtfc metals but no cyanides Electronic components, nec 3636 G
Caustic solution wtti metals but no cyanldee Electronic components, nac 86676 G
Caustic aotuMon wlh metals but no cyanldea Electronic corrponents, nec DK
Caustic aoiuMon wth roetais but no cyanidaa Electronic components, nec 2S500Q
Caustic aolutionaMi metals but no cyanides Electronic components, nec S59T
Caustic eoiudon wth metals but no cyanides Electronic components, nec 121 T
Caustic solution with metals but no cyanidee Electronic components, nec 1688SQ
Caustic solution wth metals but no cyanides Electronic components, nac 20975 G
Caustic solution wth metals but no cyanides Electronic cooponents, nec 36000 G
Caustic solution wth metals but no cyanides Electronic components, nec 4 T
Caustic solution wth metals but no cyanides Eledronic components, nec 31 T
-------
TABLE B-1 CHACTERIZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES 0002
PHYSICAL WA8TE WASTE DESCRIPTION INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION QUANTITY KXI06 WATER ORGANIC PH
DESCRIPTION
1*1
1*1
CONTENT 1*1
Inotganlc Iquldt (continued) Cauatlc aotutlan wth metals but no cyanldee
EMtonlo oonponanta, noo
406T
80
80
1
9
Cauttto HkMlan wth moult but no cyanldM
Electronic oompontnlt, nac
963 T
1
piottm
m
9
Cauatlc eokMon wth meult bul no qranldta
Electronic oomponentt, nac
48 T
DK
OK
DK
10
Cauatlc aoMkm wth imm but no cyanMaa
Ettdranlo uun|XM tenia, nac
3066 Q
OK
80
DK
10
Cauatlc asfcrton wth malalt but no qranMta
Electronic oomwmantt, noo
1800 Q
prettnl
70
present
11
Cauttlc aolutlon wth maiaM but no q/anldea
EMronlo oomponentt, nee
m
DK
DK
OK
11
Cauttlc eoMton wth malalt but no qranldta
Electronic oontponanu, nac
480 Q
OK
preeent
DK
12
CMNtie toMton wth moult but no qranMea
Electronic oorrponenla, nac
2110
MM
80
m
12
Cauttle toMton wth maul* bul no qranldaa
Electronic ooffiponanlit nao
aoo
NTA
88
N/A
12
Cauttto aolutlon wth matalt but no cyanldot
Eteuuonlc uontpuBnj aqulpwitm
SOOOQ
preeent
98
pretenl
10
Cauatlc aolutlon wth metale bul no qranldaa
Ettdronle confuting equipment
4M9Q
pretenl
80
N/A
10
Cautllc aoMkm wtti mMla bul no qranldea
eMuOnC fWMKKf
490 Q
13
87
m
12
Caurtlctolution wth moult bul no qranldee
EnvfronrfMaJoontiote
23100
17
80
DK
12
Cauollc aolutlon wth moult bul no qranMea
Fabricated mttM produdt, nac
108000
0
98
DK
7
Cauttlc toMton wth moult bul no qraridae
Fabricated mttal products, nec
8910 0
44
88
OK
to
Cauatlc aoMkm wth metali bul no cyanldee
Induttrialtuppdaa
NT
80
40
OK
12
Cautllc floMkNi wth meult bul no qranMta
kMnmnU to tnaatuia tltdriDky, Praotaa control Inetrufrwilt
4948 0
pretenl
01
OK
9
Cauetfc ooMlon wth matalt bul no qranMta
Internal contwttlan englnee, nac, Manutactwktg IndutMta, nee
1324000 a
28
88
1
12
Cauttlo eoMlon wth moult bul no qranMea
Manulactuitng Induetrlea, nee
26880 (
DK
90
N/A
2
Cauttlc tolutlor wth install bul no cyanldee
Manriacturing Muttta, mo, Etadionlc compontntt, nec, Cunent-canytng wiring devlcee
4080 0
15
40
N/A
8
Cauttlc aoMkm wth maUh but no qranMta
Metal coaling and aMtd tervlcat
218 T
2
99
0
10
Cauatlc tolutlon wth moult bul no qranMta
MtUl coaling and aNM aanrtoaa, Tanka and lank oorrponente, TtaraportMlon equ^mtnl, nec
11 T
preeent
prettnl
pretenl
12.8
Cauttlo aoMtan wth moult bul no ayonldto
Mttal heat treating. Steel wte and related producta
254 0
preeent
preeent
promt
2
Courts flotation wth mtttlt but no qranMta
rNtotflvMoui ttfbricMd wto products
31800
8
98
0
12
Cautllc toMton wth matali but no qranMta
Mltcenaneout metal wortt
3T
DK
99
OK
8
Cauttlo aokrion wth mtUlt bul no qranMea
Mltcellaneout metal work. Mttal ooeMng and aMed eervtcaa, Aircraft
1ST
preeent
preeent
N/A
8
Cauttlo aolutlon wth malalt but no q/anMea
Motor vehicle parts and aoceaeoriet
33 T
DK
70
OK
12
Cauttlo aoMkm wth malalt bul no qranldto
Motort and generators
080
OK
DK
OK
8.8
Cauttlo aoMton wth malalt bul no qranMae
National security
•310
0
0
0
10
Cauttle aoMkm wth mania but no qranMta
Nariond security
IT
0
0
OK
12
Cauttlo tohiHon wth mttalt bul no qranMta
National eecurtty, Plating and poMilng.Mtul coating and tNed tanricaa
0070 0
prettnl
DK
preeent
09
N/A
11
Cauttlo aolutlan wth moult bul no qranMta
Plating and polehlng
18 T
DK
8
Cauttlc aolutlon wth mttalt bul no qranMea
Plating and polahlng
040OOQ
OK
DK
DK
10
Cauatlc aolutlon wth moult bul no cyanldee
Plating and polehlng
OK
20
80
N/A
10
Cauttlc aohillan wth moult bul no qranldto
Plating and polthlng
4000 a
10
90
N/A
10
Cauttlc aoMkm wth malalt bul no qranldta
Plating and polahlng
220 a
preeent
90
N/A
10
Cauttlc aolutlon wth mttalt bul no cyanidee
Plating and polahlng
22BOO
WA
N/A
N/A
11
Cauttlc aolutlon wth mttalt but no qranktto
Plating and polahlng
2478 0
0
02
DK
12
Cauttlc ooMlon wth malalt but no qranldaa
Plating and pofaNng
0280 0
OK
DK
DK
12
Cauttlc aolutlon wth mttalt bul no cyanldtt
Plallrig and polahlng
10000 0
DK
90
prteont
12
Cauatte solution wth mttalt but no cyanidee
Plating and polahlng, Electronic cemponentt. nec
8000 a
DK
88
N/A
2
Cauttlc tolutlon wth mtUlt but no qranMta
Plating and polahlng. Electronic consonants, nac
8400
DK
88
N/A
12
Cauatto aoMkm wth mttalt bul no qranldaa
Plating and polthlng.Matal coating and aMed aarvtoaa, Electronic rorrponents, nec
81900
1
99
0
12
Cauttlc tolutlon wth mataJt but no cyanldee
Plating and polahlng.Metal houeehold tumture, Metal office Kuntura
213600 O
8
90
N/A
12
Cauttlc tolutlon wth mttalt bul no qranldta
Prtnuy metal products, nac
40800 0
DK
OK
OK
7.2
Cauttlc tofutkm wth malalt but no qranldaa
Radio and TV communication equipment
89T
18
88
DK
10
Cauatlc tolutlon wth malalt but no qranldM
Radio and TV communication equipment
1260 Q
DK
OK
DK
11
Cauatlc tolutlon wth irault but no qranldaa
Radio and TV communication equipment .Electronic componenta, nac
12 T
DK
83
0
10
Cauttlc aolutlon wth mttalt but no cyanldtt
Reaearch and development labor aforiee
400 a
4
98
0
12
Cauatlc tolutlon wth mttalt bul no cyanldee
Semiconductors and nWad devlcat
220 0
0
90
DK
10
Cauttlo tolutlon wth mttalt but no cyanldea
Semiconductors and related devlcee. Electron tubee, recatrlng type, Electronic oonnectort
1 T
10
80
DK
9
Cautllc tolutlon wth mttalt bul no cyanldaa
Semlconductott and related devices. Election tubee. receiving type, Electronic oonnectort
4 T
80
38
DK
9
Cauatlc aolutlon wth malalt but no cyanldat
Ship buldlng and repairing
3S200Q
DK
DK
DK
9.8
Cauttlc tolutlon wth mttalt but no cyanldat
Speed changers, drtvae, and gears. Aircraft equipment
18284Q
DK
90
DK
10
Cauttlc tolutlon wth mttalt but no cyanldat
Steel pt>e and tubee
153 T
12
88
DK
10
Cauttlc aolutlon wth mttalt but no qranldaa
Steel pipe and tubes
3794 0
10
DK
DK
12
Caustic tolutlon wth malalt but no cyanldat
Tanks and tank corrponentt
IT
16
85
DK
12
Cauttlc c >' "-*1 wth matalt but no cyanldaa
Telephone and telegraph apparatut. Semiconductor! and related devlcee,Radio and TV communication aq
4300 O
40
80
0
9
Caustic solution wth matalt but no cyanldat
Telephone and telegraph apparatut, Semiconductor! and related devices,Radio and TV communication eq
440 Q
10
79
0
10
Caustic solution wHh metals bul no cyanides
Telephone communication
2 T
6
95
DK
12
Caustic solution with metals but no cyanides
T uiblnes and turbine generator sets
12400 a
DK
DK
DK
82
-------
TABLES-1 CHACTERIZATION QATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES D002
PHYSICAL WASTE
D£ SORPTION
WASTE DESCRIPTION
NOUS TRIAL DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY
SOLOS
WATER
ORGANIC
PH
(%>
(*>
CONTENT <%1
Other aqueous waae wth high dhaoived aofcte
Agrlculuraichenfcalit nac
8140 T
17
75
WA
12
OttMr aqueous waste *rth high dkaotoad soMs
Chemical preparation*, nec
1O72SO0GI
present
90
N/A
12
OttMr aqueous mm* wth high dfesofced solid*
Cycle crude* and MermedMee
3942T
10
88
present
2
Other aqueous WTI «>h high JUiuh id aollde
OK
362 T
18
84
0
9
OttMr aqueouaaasle wth high dfeaoived sold*
Electrical equtxnent and euppilss. nee
22823Q
5
95
0
9
OttMr aqueous waoe wth Mgh diseotved solids
Engineering and sdsnMHc hsttument*, Surgical and medical hsuumem*
78 Q
1
80
1
12
Othsr aqusous waste wth high dissolved solids
General cherries! manutaduring
250000 G
20
80
s
9
OttMr aqueous waae wth high dissolved sokds
Industrial Inorganic and organic dMnteale, net Ntoogenous lertiteec*
DK
present
present
DK
10
Other aqueous «a» wth Mgh dksotosd nidi
Meial coathg and aHed service*
50 T
1
99
1
12
Othsr aqueous mm wth high dissolved eoflde
Plating and polsNngJJetal costing and ailed aervlcos, Coaling, engraving, and sMed aervlce*
20000 Q
present
present
present
9
OttMr aquaotaaMe wth high dissolved aoBds
Refuse syesems
41# T
20
80
&
11
urar nx(|VK BfURf
Agricutturai chemicals, nec, Organic peattdde products, Waer afpty
150000 G
1
BQ
present
7
OttMr inorganic Iquid
Air. w*er. and solid weete management
23T
DK
99
1
9
Other inorganic Iquid
Aircraft engine* and engine pen*
48G
2
DK
DK
2
OttMr horganlc Iquid
Ammunition, except tor smal anna, nec
OK
present
praeent
DK
12
OttMr horganlc Iquid
Biological product*
120 Q
DK
75
NIA
7.5
OttMr horganlc Iquid
Bast furnaces and saeel mNa
20 T
DK
OK
DK
3
0#* Inorganic Iquid
Chemical preparations, nac
24 T
0
81
N/A
4
Other horganlc Iquid
Chemicai preparation* nec. Industrial Inorganic chemical* nec
SOT
2
98
DK
2
Other Inorganic Iquid
DK
646325 Q
20
80
N/A
7
Ohar horganlc Iquid
Electron tube*. >a>mi*Ung, X-ray apparatus and tube*
TOUT
2
98
DK
2
OttMr Inorganic Iquid
Electronic componsnttk nec
10 Q
DK
DK
OK
2
Otter Inorganic (quid
Electronic consonants, nec
120G
1
10
N/A
12
Olhar horganlc IquU
Electronic conponsntMiac
2645G
DK
DK
DK
12
OttMr Inorganic Iquid
Electronic tonnectoii
38 Q
N/A
N/A
DK
2
OttMr horganlc Iquid
Engineering and adsnttHc hsuutnsiae
38966S60G
DK
DK
OK
7
Other Inorganic Iquid
FabicMed nudunl mstal
9720 G
15
present
DK
3
Othar Inorganic Iquid
hdue&W Inorganic cfMiricak, nac, Chemicai preparations. nec
46T
2
98
DK
12
Ohar Inorganic Iquid
Industrial organic chemical*, nac
4760000 G
0
99
0
2
Olhar Inorganic Iquid
Machinery, eacspt electrical, nac
4775000 G
present
99
N/A
3
¦ ¦ ¦ *
UMf wwync i|un
Ufcodtamom nwlfll worit
9900G
5
90
OK
8.5
' ¦- ¦ »J
Motor vaMdas and car bodiaa
440G
DK
DK
N/A
2
Olhw Inorganic Iquid
Ntrogenoue lertSzeit
1396783 T
0
0
OK
7
Ohar inorganic Iquitf
Ordinance and aocaaaortaa. nec
55G
DK
OK
DK
2
UDW liOiJOTC K|UMI
Pen* and mechanical panda. PWing and polshlng
825000 Q
present
99
0
2
Ohar Inorganic Iquid
Pharmaceutical preparation*,Druga, proprietaries, and sundries, Rseearch and development lab*
531400 G
0
97
9
12
Othar Inorganic Iquid
Power driven hand took
6400 Q
3
DK
NIA
S
Ottar Inorganic Iquid
Rafcoads. Ine-haui operating. Railroad equipment
58300Q
present
87
0
12.5
OttMr horganlc Iquid
necesrch and development laboratories
2550000 G
DK
99
DK
7
Olhar Inorganic Iquid
Services, nac, ChamlcalB and allied producta
960T
1
99
OK
3
Olhar inorganic Iquid
Water supply
1 T
DK
DK
N/A
10
Olhar horganlc sludge
Aircraft
275 G
96
DK
OK
7
Other horganic sludge
Aircraft enginee and engine parts
744 G
OK
DK
OK
2
Other horganic sludge
Aircraft enginee and enghe parte
5800 G
50
50
DK
4
OttMr horganlc aiudga
Aircraft engine* and engine parts
150G
SO
50
DK
4
OttMr Inorganic aiudga
Aircraft enginee and engine part*
72G
DK
DK
DK
12
Olhar horganlc aiudga
Aircraft equipment, nec
5000 G
96
DK
DK
12
OttMr horganlc aiudga
Aircraft. Space propulsion units and parte
1540 G
80
DK
DK
2
Ottwr toorganic skidge
Blast hirnaca* and aleal ntt*
41 T
32
50
0.003
2
OttMr horganlc sludge
Electronic components, nec
118G
N/A
60
OK
2
Other Inorganic sludge
Fabricated metal products, nec
0
98
2
DK
12
OttMr horganlc aiudga
Household appianca*. nec. Household cooking equipment. Household refrigerators and Ireezer*
87 T
60
OK
N/A
4
Other inorganic sludge
Industrial horganic chetricals, nac
12 T
99
0
present
3
Other Inorganic sludge
Industrial organic chemicals, nec. Cyclic crudes and htermediates.Synthstfc rubber
171 T
20
80
present
2
OttMr horganlc sludge
Petroleum refining
864 T
52
48
N/A
12
Other inorganic sludge
Plating and potsfting
9T
25
75
DK
3
Other kmganic sludge
Sanitary services, nec
55G
92
8
NIA
2
Other inorganic sludge
Sanitary services, nec
1 T
99
1
N/A
11
Other Inorganic sludge
Space research and technology
3G
70
0
OK
2
Other Inorganic sludge
Steel pipe and tubes
216 G
44
N/A
N/A
2
Inorganic iqulrts
Inorgsnlc Iqulds
Inorganic Iqulds
-------
TABLE B-1 CHACTERIZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES 0002
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCRIPTION INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION QUANTITY 80LKM WATER ORGANIC PH
, DESCRIPTION
nu
r*>
CONTENT l*t
Inorganic iqukta (continued) other Inorganlo aludge
(Meal pfcw and It/baa
4400Q
10
86
0
10
Other horganlc akxfee
Tarrta and lank oomponenle
MT
30
70
DK
12
)nof9ftntetqulte SpwilicMNllhiMlili
Aircraft
S4T
DK
DK
MA
2
SpaM add with metah
Aircraft
• T
OK
OK
N/A
2
SpaM add with matah
Aircraft
332 a
DK
OK
N/A
2
Spert add with metal*
Aircraft
10T
84
OK
N/A
12
8p«M add «Mi metah
Aircraft
47 T
84
DK
N/A
12
OpOTI 1CMI «Mn nWM
Aircraft
soa
84
OK
N/A
12
Sptni MN WWI (MIMi
Aircraft angina* and engine part*
9072 T
1
DK
OK
2
opou too mm nvw
/Mfprtft iptf ifijlnt ptftt
2ie a
2
DK
OK
2
SpaM add with matah
Aircraft englnea and angina parta
1104
DK
OK
OK
2
Spam add aMi iMtth
Aircraft englnea and angina part*
20806 a
8
80
DK
4
SpaM add with metah
Alrenft englnea and engine part*
8306 Q
8
80
OK
4
SpaM add wkh matah
Aircraft anglnaa and angina parta
ssa
DK
DK
DK
12
8peM add with metah
Afcxrinum rating and drawing, nac, Aluminum entruded product*
MT
OK
88
DK
2
SpaM add «rth matah
Aluminum rating and drawing, nac, Aluminum extruded product*
7T
DK
90
DK
2
8pmt nDi ffwurii
Ammunition, aaotpt lor amal amta, nao
7»T
DK
80
OK
2
Spent acM wttti metah
AmmunMon, exoept tor amal am*, nec,Metai stampings, nac, Matal coating and atted aervloaa
206806T
1
99
1
4
8paM add with metal*
Automotive atampinga
• T
80
18
preeeM
2
SpaM add with metal*
Baal turnacee and atael mtlta
3366 T
8
98
0
12
8peM add with metah
Bolta, nuta, rtvata, and waahera
27800 a
28
72
N/A
6
SpaM add with (ratal*
BOOKpfwlUn^
110Q
DK
DK
DK
4
SpaM add with matah
Chemical praparadona, nac, Matal ooatlng and ailed eervlcee.Fitorlcated matal prodocta, nac
12780 a
OK
90
DK
2
SpaM add with matah
Coating, engraving. and aHad aervtcea
3000 a
DK
90
DK
2
SpaM add with metah
Colagaa and unfeenHotnee, Medical latooratorlee
306 a
OK
OK
DK
2
SpaM add with metal*
Commercial printing, gravura
MOT
2
98
1
2
8pent add with metah
ConatrucMon machinery
2400 a
2
gs
DK
2
Spentadd with metah
Coatuma |ewelry
sea
10
30
DK
2
SpaM add with metah
Coatuma |awaby
1650
28
40
DK
4
SpaM add with matah
Current-carrying arirttg devtcea
880
1
DK
OK
2
Spam add with metah
Cunart-canytng wiring deirlce*,Electron lube*. tranamWng.Electronte corrponenta. nac
7tgoo a
10
88
0
2
Span) add with metal*
Cydc crudaa and Intermedlatee.lnduetrlal otganlc chemlcala. nac
27489T
1
98
1
2
SpaM add artth metah
OK
326584Q
29
70
praaeM
2
SpaM add with metah
DK
0
DK
present
0
2
Spant add with metah
DK
DK
DK
OK
DK
8
Spent add with metah
DK
41 T
99
1
0
7
8peM add with metah
Electric aarvlcaa
814100 a
1
99
N/A
2
8pantaddwtth matali
Electric servlcee
400000 a
1
99
N/A
2
SpeM add with metah
Electric aarvlcaa
200000Q
1
gg
N/A
2
SpeM add with metah
Electric aarvlcaa
16761 T
DK
99
DK
2
SpaM add with matali
Electric aarvlcaa
1972788Q
DK
DK
DK
2
SpeM add with metah
Electric servlcee
1000000 a
1
99
0
2
SpaM add with metah
Eledrlc aarvlcaa
0
OK
DK
N/A
4
Spam add with matali
Eleutromatalurgtcal producta
41000 0
DK
DK
DK
2
SpeM add with mstah
Electronic
66 Q
DK
DK
DK
2
Spent add with metal*
Electronic componenta, nec
160 a
DK
DK
0
2
Spant add with matah
Eladronlc components, nac
8T
0
78
0
2
SpaM add with matah
Electronic componenta, nac
5340 Q
6
93
1
2
SpaM add with matah
Electronic componenta, nec
39 T
8
DK
DK
2
SpaM add with matah
Electronic corrponenta, nac
49796 Q
0
90
present
2
SpaM add with matah
Electronic corrponenta, nac
5 a
DK
DK
DK
2
SpaM add with matah
Electronic corrponenta, nec
643 a
0
75
present
2
SpaM add with matah
Electronic componenta, nee
eo a
N/A
75
present
2
Spent add with matah
Electronic corrponenta, nac
267 G
N/A
95
N/A
. 2
SpaM add with matah
Electronic componenta, nec
600
N/A
90
N/A
2
Spent add with metals
Electronic components, nec
621 0
N/A
90
N/A
2
Spent add with metah
Electronic components, nec
343 0
N/A
90
DK
2
Spent add with metah
Electronic components, nec
1940
N/A
eo
N/A
2
Spent add wtlh melals
Electronic components, nec
SOG
1
98
DK
2
Spent add with metals
Electronic corrponenta, nec
5200 Q
10
80
N/A
2
Spent acM wWh meiats
ELledfontc componenta, nec
1B302 a
1
on
n *
-------
TABLES-1 CHACTERtZATtON DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES 0002
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCRCDON NOUS TRIAL DESCRIPTION QUANTITY SOLOS WATER ORGANIC PH
DESCIWTION (%) IXI CONTENT i%l
Inorganic IquWc (continued) Spent add aMi instate
Electronic component^ nee
770 Q
10
80
0
3
Spam add with malata
Electronic componente, nac
220 Q
DK
80
N>A
3
Spent add w*h metals
Electronic ccnponems, nac
06 Q
N/A
50
present
3
Spent add atft matab
Electronic component^ nac
600 G
1
8S
0
3
SpM add atti metals
Elearanic component* nac
2400 Q
0
87
0
7
Spam add atfc rnatak
Electronic confjonante; nac
13 T
OK
DK
DK
11
Spam add wth rotate
Electronic component* nac, Sandoondudota and ntatad devfcea
DK
1
87
1
2
Spent add wtBi metals
Electronic eomputtag equipmam
13522500Q
praeent
80
present
2
Spam add nltte
Electronic conputhgequlpmenl
IT
5
85
N/A
2
Spanl add «8h matate
Electronic computing equipment
4 T
10
80
present
2
Spanl add vHi rotate
Electronic conputeig equipment
14 T
X
86
0
2
Spent add aMi rotate
Electronic corrpudng equipment
8T
10
85
DK
2
Spanl add addi matate
Electronic compuNngsqutmant
5T
X
85
0
2
Spent add metate
Electronic confuting equipment
1 T
20
85
0
2
Spam add a«h rotate
Elaclronlc unloading equipment
4T
20
80
OK
2
SpaM add w*h instate
Engine electrical equtvnem
140 Q
0
present
0
3
SputioMNMinMili
Engraving and plate prtnteig
800 Q
pwaenl
80
N/A
2
Spam add aMi rotate
FdMcmed mated products, nac
18342 G
DK
DK
DK
2
Spent add a«i rotate
Fdbtlaaad maul products, nac; Pltelng and poNaNng
1200 Q
DK
80
N/A
2
Spent add a«h metals
FAricMed ratal products, nac, Ptethg and pdteNng
1500 a
DK
80
N/A
2
Spanl add ««Mt instate
Fabricated matal praduda, nac, Pltelng and poNaNng
4500 a
DK
80
N/A
2
Spam add *Mi rotate
Frfirtrlart metal producte. nac. Poawr Banaidnlon aqufrntont. nec,Farm machlnaty and equ^xnent
1500 T
praient
present
OK
2
Spent add attimstate
Fabricated plate worksheet metal am*. Fabricated metal products, nac
11300G
15
50
0
4
Spanl add a*h itlite
Fabricated structural matal
07433 G
15
present
DK
2
Spent added* metals
Faint machinery and equipment
58T
DK
DK
DK
2
Spam add aiMi rnelite
Guided mtedtes and quca vaNctea, Afccnft. Aircraft equ^jmert. nac
OK
3
70
N/A
2
Spanl add a«i rotate
Hand and edge tools, nac. Hand ssers and sate blade*. Machine tool accessories
83SG
DK
OK
1
12
Spanl add aith metate
Hardware. nee, Alrertet equipment. nac Fabilcalad metal producte. nac
6650 Q
28
74
DK
3
Spent add add) metate
Houaehold toufclng equipment
22644000 Q
0.1
88
OK
2
Span add ad#i rotate
Industrial harganlc cherricate. nac
20 T
DK
pros ant
DK
5.5
Spent add atti rotate
IronoaM
3650 G
praeent
80
N/A
8
SpwkiEldiNtnNMi
UhograpMc pteterml&ig eervlcoa. Pticioengravlng. Engraving and plalo printing
IT
present
present
OK
2
Spam add a*h rotate
Lithographic pIMiniMitig aervtoaa. Photoengraving. Engraving and plate printtig
15T
present
present
DK
2
Spanl add aMimatste
Measuring and camming danlcaa. nac
DK
praeent
5
DK
2
Spam add with maUte
Matal coalngand atead aaratoaa
1339 T
OK
80
OK
2
Spanl add aMi meads
Metal cotetag and aMad servlcee
1468 T
4
86
0
2
Spanl add with metate
Mctai coafoQ and attsd ttrvfcM
270 T
8
80
DK
2
Spent add atti rotate
Metal coaftg and tebd ssivicee
1025678 T
present
88
OK
6
Spam addadft nidi
mtecetaneoustabricasd wire products
7500 G
6
84
0
2
Spent add atti rotate
Mlscetaneous matal wak
8T
DK
88
DK
2
Spanl add rotate
Mlscahnaoua mam worK
DK
NIA
N/A
N/A
7.7
Spent add atti rotate
Mfscoivitout ptaatics products
3500 G
5
80
DK
2
Spent add atti matate
Motor veMdee and car bodtes
14815G
12
86
0
3
Spanl add arfth mataia
National security
255G
0
present
0
2
Spent add wtth metals
National eecurky
76 G
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
Spent add «tti rotate
Nationalsecurity
0
DK
OK
DK
2
Spanl add wtth mauds
ai a —¦» ¦ ' * II 1 in¦ ¦ a
NOnCHSBRBDW MUDNVMnini
1155G
present
present
DK
3
Spent add atti rotate
Paper Mustries machinery, Machinery, excapt electrical, nec
220 G
DK
85
0
22
Spam add atti rotate
Photoengraving
B900G
30
70
0
8.5
Spanl add with metals
Photographic aqutpmanl and auppllaa
3T
N/A
80
0
2
Spanl add w*h metala
Plating and poMkig
204000 G
DK
DK
0
2
Spanl add atti rotate
Pbdkig and poWikig
18040 G
1
DK
OK
2
Spent add arid) metals
Plating and poiahkig
400 G
DK
DK
DK
2
Spanl add aMimatali
PlaNng and pofcNng
300 G
5
60
DK
2
Spanl add atti malala
Plating and potehlng
50 G
5
60
OK
2
Spanl add aWi metala
Plattng and polahlng
1155G
DK
80
DK
2
Spent add atti matate
Plating and pohMng
5 T
0
76
DK
2.5
Spent add with mstals
Plating and polsMng
245 T
DK
DK
DK
3.6
Spent add with mstais
Plating and poishktg
8T
DK
99
DK
4
Spent add stti metals
Plating and poisNng
6826200 G
1
99
0
4
Spent add atti metals
Plating and potshing
5550 G
DK
99
OK
4
Spent acfd *wth metals
Plating and poisWng
3 T
0
80
DK
4.5
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
TABLE B-1 CHACTERGEAHON DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES OOIS
NOUSTOM. DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY
SOLIDS WATER
<*» (XI
ORGANIC
CONTENT (*»
PH
Inorganic lqolde(cot*lnued) Spent add wWtmetab
BMkui mm!
innQMpMRii|
110Q
04
8
OK
8
Spent eddwMimetab
Ptatkig and poMllng. SKemare and pbMd ware, Metal coaling and ailed aatvtoaa
2200 Q
10
30
0
2
8pant add with matab
PWIng and pofcNng.lMal coating and «Med tetvtoaa
Bsiaoooa
0
86
0
3
Spent add wllhmetab
PlafaQ and poMilnf,MiUl OMtinQ wd dM aarvtoaa, ftUmilo con^onanta* mc
18828 a
1
80
0
2
Spent add with matab
PtaliMindDfiMlnfl.llMilflMllMindillidiaivkM. fhctiBfliD miBiiniiHL mn
ItOOO
1
08
0
2
Spent add trtOimaUfc
pmfug n^j polMnQ.ll4tal AMl4nj And aarvloas, EiNlRMdo ownponanta, mo
1700 Q
1
80
0
2
Spent add with matab
pmmi Md noMtim iMd flMdna and ilad imloai Elactronte oofrnonanta. nao
31B0 a
1
90
0
2
Spent add with matab
2200 O
1
80
0
2
Span) add with matab
PtaOnj and polaNnj,Matal ooaMng and aKadaervloee, Electronic oomponenta, nee
4000 a
1
00
0
2
Spent add wth matab
PbtfcgandpoMlng.M«UI(MtlngandaNed*ervlcee, Electronic oomponenta. nec
7UQ
1
80
0
2
8pent add with matab
Plalkig and poM4ng.MaUJco«lng and ailed eervlcee, Ebctronlc oomponenta. nec
oeoo
1
88
0
2
Spant add wUh maurii
PtMlng and poMilngJNattI coating and aMedaatvloea, Electronic oornponeota, nec
too
1
80
0
2
8pent add wMi matab
Plathg and polaNng.Matal mating and ailed eervlcee, Ebctronlc oorrponeflt*. nec
11000
1
90
0
2
8pant add wMi iwtilB
Plating and pofcNng,IMal coaling and attad aervloee, Ebctronlc oomponenta, nec
4«oa
1
80
0
2
8pant add aHth matab
Plating and poUNng.M*ul coating and aMed aervloee, Ebctronlc oonponent*. nec
380 Q
1
80
0
2
Spat* add wMi matab
Ptathg end polahlng,Melti ooaMng and alted aarvtcee. Ebctronlc oomponenta. nec
700 a
1
80
0
2
Spam add w»h matab
Pbibg and poM4ng.MaUI coating and aMadaarvtcea, Ebctronlc component*, nec
iooo a
*
80
0
2
Spent add w«h matab
PlaIhgandpolaWng.ttetalcoblngandaltadaarvtcaa, Electronic consonant*, nee
too
1
80
0
2
8pent add wllhmetab
Plaftig and poMtlng,M«Ml coaling and aMed aervlcea, Electronic oonyonent*. nec
878 T
0.8
DK
DK
2
Span! add «*h mataii
Platktg and poMilng,M*Ui«Mtlng and aMed aarvlcee, EbcUonlo eomponanta. nec
1O06O a
1
80
0
3
Spent add with matab
Plating and polahlng.Matal ooattng and abed aarvtoaa, Ebctronlc component*, nac
6000Q
e
70
DK
8
8pent add with matab
Plating and polahlng,Melal houeehold furniture. Metal office himlure
170*000
7
83
m
3
Spent aetd with matab
Prhwry mataf pfmfwfla. mo
38000 a
2
88
N/A
2
Spent add with matab
Prooaaa control iMliunwili
330Q
DK
OK
OK
2
Spam add wllhmetab
Radio and TV communication aqu^pmani
1ST
10
8S
1
2
Spent add wMi metab
Radio and TVoommuntoation aqutprnam
10 T
DK
DK
DK
2
8pent add with metab
Raaaarah and davatopmanl HMfaloriaa
188 a
pteaent
pteaent
DK
2
Spent add with metab
Raaaarcfc and davalapmanl taboratoriaa
406 a
IS
DK
DK
2
Spent add with matab
Scrawmachina product*
sa
2
88
DK
8
Spent add with metab
Secondary nonfarroua matata
14800 a
1
80
DK
3
Spant add atti metab
* 1 ' ¦ . - uJ - -
oonvosnouovovv ano imm qwrm
2000a
0
00
0
2
Span! add wMi metab
8ervtcee, nac
12418 a
to
00
N/A
2
Spent add with metab
SanHcea,nec
230000
2
00
N/A
2
Spant add wMi metab
ALL. i*-M * muLLhi
on^j ouamnQ ano rapamn^
21120
DK
88
OK
2.2
Spant add *8h matab
Shfc buMng and lapaMng
3464 G
OK
88
DK
2.7
Spant add wMi malak
Shfc> buldlng and tapaklng
39600
DK
88
DK
11
Spant add wMi mataii
Bpace reaearcti and technology
SO
6
0
DK
4
Opart add wtth ratih
flptffrl warahoualno and nac
16SG
1
0
0
2
Spent add wMt metab
Spaed changen, drfcaa, and geara, Aircraft equ^xtieiH
92800
OK
80
DK
2
Span! add with metab
Steel p^e and tubee
38 T
N/A
00
DK
2
Spent add wMi mataii
Steel wire and related producta
800000 a
1
80
1
2
Spant add with matala
8urglcal and medical Inatimnent*
25 T
DK
08
N/A
7
Spant add wMi matab
Tebphone and telegraph apparatua,Semtcondudora and related devlcee
36000
1
33
0
2
Spant add with matab
Telephone and telegraph apparatue,8emtconductore and ralatad davlcea
20000 0
1
04
DK
8
Spent add wMi metab
Tebphone coil miuntiatlon
30120
2
06
OK
3
Spant add with matab
Vafvea and pipe ttttnga
660 0
DK
70
DK
e
Spant add wMi matab
Valvae and pipe MUnge
DK
0
71
0
2
Spant add with matab
Valvaa and pipe Hrtnge
6 T
pteaent
06
preaent
2
Inorganic IquHa Spent add without matab
Aircraft
38 T
6.1
DK
N/A
2
Span! add without matab
Aircraft engktee and engtoeparta
824 a
DK
DK
DK
2
Spant add without matab
Aircraft equipment, nec
5500 G
18
DK
OK
3
Spant add without matab
Celuloalc man-made flbera
125 T
80
IS
1
3
Spant add without matab
CetutoeJc man-made flbera
110T
78
15
1
4
Spant add without matala
Cycle oude* and Intermedlalea
2430140 Q
DK
08
0
2
Spant add without matab
Cycle crude* and Intermedlelee, Photographic equipment and auppllee
0
25
0
20
7
Spent add without matab
DK
3200 Q
DK
50
DK
7.25
Spant add without matab
Electric aervlce*
0
DK
DK
DK
4
Spant add without matab
Electric service*
200000 Q
1
99
1
7
Spent add without matab
Electronic component*, nec
SO
DK
DK
DK
2
Spent add without matab
Electronic component*, nec
30 G
DK
DK
DK
2
Spert acid WrtYw>u\
BtdionVc con^onwAi, MC
to a
DK
DK
OK
6*
-------
TABLE 31 CHACTEREATON DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES D002
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE D£ SORPTION
INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY
SOLIDS WATER
ORGANIC
PH
DESCRIPTION
{*»
OM
CONTENT <%>
kmganfc IquUs (continued) Spent add (Mthoutmetak
Exptoafcee, industrial Inorganic chemicals, nec
354400 T
1
88
0
2
Spam add wthom metak
Fabricated metal products, nec
OK
DK
DK
DK
2
Spent add tattiou) metak
Fabricated metal products, nec
110G
DK
80
DK
2
Spam add tuShout matak
General automothw repot shops
168 Q
N/A
88
WA
7
Spent add nfthout metak
Gemot chemical manutacturing
1387 T
10
30
0
2
Spent add akhout metak
Quided irtatHaa and apace whldee
150G
80
DK
N/A
3
Spent add athout metak
Industrial cortrok
4720 Q
DK
70
WA
2
Spent add Mthoutmslats
Induatrial Inorganic chatricak, nec
20423 T
0
86
0
2
Spent add allhaut metak
Industrial organic chemicals* Aec
20 T
0
30
45
2
Spent add akhout metak
MuaMai organic chemical* nec
40000 Q
8
95
6
2
Spent add aMout matak
L ^1 1 Ui -mJ. aaa
romirMi otync cwiticim» noc
110G
DK
10
0
2
Spent add wthout metak
MuaMai organic chemicals, nec, MuaMai Inorganic chemical*. nec,General chamical manufacturing
266244 T
DK
65
1
2
Spent add without metak
Metal ooathg and aMad santoaa
5000 Q
1
80
N/A
2
Spent add wthout metak
Met* coking and aMed servfes*
22T
1
98
0
5
Spant add without metak
Metal coattig and aMad sendee*, Metal hak treating, Prtmaiy metal products, nec
2480240
12
88
1
2
Spent add without matak
Metal ooathg and aakde*rvlcs*.MeuJh*al treating. Primary metal products, nec
571750 Q
12
88
1
2
Spant add wttnut matak
Metal stanpkigs, nec
13500 a
100
0
0
2
Spant addwttoutmeiak
Mtocritantout mttrtMNk
20000Q
5
90
DK
12
Spent add wthotfmstak
Motor Mhick parts and acceesortee
7900 Q
0
SO
0
2
Spant add wMwui matak
Motor veh>dse and car bodies
600 Q
0
96
0
2
Spent add wthout metak
National eacurty
144 G
DK
DK
DK
2
Spant add wWioui hm*
National security
0
DK
DK
DK
2
Spam add aMwul mstak
National sacurty
0
DK
DK
DK
2
Spent add wthout nrnk
National aacurMy
2T
DK
DK
DK
2
Spant add wthout matak
National eecurity, Aircraft
150 G
present
present
N/A
2
Spent add wthout metak
Noncommercial laaowihorganbaliona
3T
15
75
N/A
3.5
Spant add wttwut metak
Organic nooo®lotodc
13517 T
4
97
0
2
Spant add without matak
Organic toot*, noncaluloalc, Plastlca mrasriali and reehs
IT
0
40
N/A
2
Spent add without matak
Pelrokum refining
62315 T
1
95
DK
2
Spert add w*hoU mstak
Petrotaum raftiing
170T
DK
present
present
10
Spent add aMnm matak
Pharmaceutical preparation*
2T
WA
5
N/A
2
Spent add without matak
Plastlci mkariala and realns, Industrial organic chemicals, nec
304553 T
2
86
present
7
Spent add w*hout matak
Pialtag and poMifcig
74 G
3
87
present
2
S|ienl add aMnul metak
Plattg and polahlng
600 Q
0
65
0
2
Spent add wthout matak
Pkttog and polahlng
500 Q
0
30
0
2
Span add wthout metak
Products ol purchased gkaa
3T
0
80
0
2
Spent add wthoul metak
Pu|p mHs
1200 a
DK
DK
DK
2
Spent add wthoul metak
Repair servtoea. nec
93T
0
99
0
2
Spent add wMiout metak
Research and development Wborafories
58G
25
DK
75
2
Spent arid without metak
Secondary nonlarraus metak, Aluminum rokng and draartng, nec, Nonlenoue rating and drawing, nec
17280 G
DK
1
DK
7
Spent add without metak
Semiconductors and related device*
34136 G
present
90
N/A
6
Spent add wthout metak
Semiconductors and teiatad devices
804685 T
1
99
1
7
Spent add wthoul metak
SamioonducM and dialed dflvtcoi
272394G
DK
99
0
7
Spent add wthout metak
Semiconductors and related device*
6000000G
DK
present
DK
9
Spent add wthout matak
Sty buMng and repairing
2T
OK
DK
OK
2
Spent add without metak
Ship bidding and lapaMng
2 T
DK
DK
DK
2
Spent add wthoul matak
Space luseach and technology
5G
10
50
DK
3
Spent add ottiot* meuk
Sleei Investment toundria*
120 G
present
80
N/A
2
Spent add without metak
Surface adfee agertt. Industrial organic chemicak. nec. Chemical preparations, nec
83T
OK
DK
DK
2
Inorganic (quids Spent caustic
Aircraft engine* and engine parte
5400 G
DK
DK
DK
12
Spent caustic
Aircraft engines and engine parts
2568 G
DK
DK
DK
12
Spent caustic
Aircraft engines and angina parts
300 G
DK
DK
OK
12
Spent ceuetic
Blast furnacae and etael mUk
66 T
30
70
DK
12
Spent caustic
Certified ah transportation
5 T
8
DK
DK
12
Spent caustic
Cofegeeand universale*, nec
50 G
DK
present
0
12
Spent
Cofegee and unlvereiUas.nec, Medical laboratories
142 G
DK
DK
DK
9
Spent caustic
Currant-carrying wiring devices.Electronic components, nec. Electronic parts and equipment
854 G
DK
DK
0
9
Spent caustic
DK
577749 G
5
90
DK
12
Spent caustic
DK
49839 T
10
88
0
12
Spent caustic
Electric services
2454105G
DK
OK
DK
7
Spent caustic
Electrical apparatus and equipment, Electronic parts and equipment
4000 G
DK
90
DK
12
-------
TABLE B-1 CHACTERIZATON DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES 0002
PHYSICAL WASTE
WASTE DESCRIPTION
INDUSTRIAL DESCRFTICN
QUANTITY
80LD8 WATER
ORGANIC
PH
06 SCRIP TON
(XI
nu
CONTENT IM
kMiganlQ Iqukl* (continued)
Electronic oanpofltnMt neo
HQ
OK
OK
DK
12
8pant oauaMc
Elt(lronloaotT|MMigaqu^inwil
0
preeent
preterit
preeent
10
8pant QSUCtfC
0-lmt. pactdng. tnd tetlng deques, FdfrlcMsd rubber products, nac
330 Q
preeent
DK
OK
10
8panl flUffflt
Industrial ga*tt
• T
10
to
0
10
8pmi "ft1*"
InKnWi ooirtbusHon •nglnie, mo
1900 a
19
90
preeent
12
8pant
Metal coding and Mad totvtoe*
2398Q
OK
DK
DK
12
Spent oauetlc
Metal ooatfng and aMed tervtoo*, Bota, nun, rtratt, and watfier*
31800Q
3
91
OK
12
8pentcauttlo
Metal coating and aNed tatvtoaa, Coetkig, angraMng, and aMed tervlca*
DK
OK
97
OK
11
8ptni oaustto
Metal coating and (Nad tenrtoat. Iron and etaal lorglngi
272S0Q
DK
DK
DK
12
Spent cauetto
Metal coating and tMad tervtoea,8pecial Induttry machinery, nec
too a
OK
OK
OK
12
Spent oauetlc
Mlaoatanaoua lYWtll wotfc
2T
DK
99
DK
12
Spent cauetto
Mleceftaneoue meUI wot*. Akcrrft
•10 T
18
96
N/A
12
8pgn(
MtocaNmoua iraM wovfc, Ahnfl
408 T
12
99
N/A
12
Sptntoaurtc
Molar vahlcfc parti and aooaaMriaa
5200 Q
0
90
0
12
3pmi
Motor* and generator*
80 a
18
6
OK
12
apK ffffffr
National security
232 a
OK
OK
90
2
Spent cauetto
National tecurty
42 T
17
90
0
10
Spent cauetto
National security, Plating and paMdng,Metal coMlng and aNtd tervloee
378 O
1
90
N/A
12
Spent cautito
National security,Bueprlnttng and photocopy log
zsa
OK
OK
DK
2
Spent cauetlc
agaric tbert, noncatuloslc. flattie* materlalt and retln*
28 T
OK
OK
N/A
12
Spenmustto
Petroleum rtlMng
41# T
1
99
0
7
$pml fttytfo
Patroltum relMng
808040 0
2
99
DK
10
8pent cauetto
Patrolaum refining
30753840 Q
DK
OK
DK
12
8ptnt fnftthr
Petroleum refWng
30000 0
1
99
N/A
12
8p9Hl OMJttlO
Patroltum reMng
21999T
N/A
98
N/A
as
Spent caustic
PlaMlot mattritlt and ratine
388 T
B
80
8
12
8penl cauetto
Ptttog and polehlng
28 T
OK
99
DK
10
SptntOMtto
Pltfkig and poMdng,Metal coating and aMed tervtcee, Eltctronlc conponents, nec
3840 Q
2
80
0
10
SpMiowido
Radio and TV cotwnunloMlQn equ^nfient
496 a
OK
70
N/A
12
Spent cauttto
Refute tytttmt
330 a
N/A
80
N/A
11
SpMlOftUtttO
8cmw mecNne product*
4000 a
DK
OK
OK
11
Sptflt OMUStlQ
Secondary nptrftftjm niatala
880 Q
1
88
OK
10
Spartcamtio
8ht>buMng and repairing
IT
OK
DK
DK
12
Spent cauttto
8Mp holding and rapatrlng
IT
DK
DK
DK
12
Spent cauttlc
8teel Inveetment kwndriee
10000 a
1
94
N/A
7
Spent oauetlc
Steel Inveetment foundries
10000 a
1
94
N/A
7
Spent
Steel wire and related producti.Ptattng and poHMng
20 T
80
20
0
12
Spent fttMttte
Synthetic rubber
15Q
DK
80
OK
2
Spent oeuttlc
Valves and pip* flttlnge
iooo a
12
80
0
12
Inorganic sludge*
Air poMton control device tludge
CoaUng, engraving, and aMed tervtcee
800Q
20
90
1
10
At poftMon control device sludge
Industrial Inorganic cherrtcalt, nec
8100 T
N/A
70
N/A
4
Inorganic aludgee
CMorld* or other brine tludge
Fabricated metal products, nec
1045 a
10
90
OK
2
Chloride or other brine tludge
Noncommercial rttetrch organtistlons
2 T
4
98
N/A
5.8
Inorganic studgee
Degreetlng sludge wMi rraul scale or Mlnga
DK
24 T
80
9
3
12
Inorganic sfudgea
Lkn*sludg*wthm*tats/m*talhydro*kl*«ludge
Capper tolling and drawing
881 T
8
98
0
9
Urn* tludga wWi mstala/matal hydroxide tludg*
DK
2304 0
80
GO
preeent
12
Lima tludg* w»h mttalt/metsl hydrailde sludge
Metal coating and aMed tervtcee
BOO
20
80
0
8
Lima tludga w*h metala/meul hydro Ida sludge
Metal coaling and allied tervlcee
7000
28
72
0
8
Inorganic riudgee
Lima tludga wkhout metals
Petroleum refining
1085 T
18
preeent
preeent
12
Inorganic tfudgee
Other wastewater treatment sludg*
Cycle crudes and Intermedlatee
IT
40
80
N/A
2
Other wastewater treatment tludga
Manufacturing Industries, nac
125 T
90
10
N/A
7
Other wastewater treatment sludge
Paints and allied products.Plastlcs materials and resins
10 T
70
30
N/A
10
Other wastewpto' treatment sludge
Reluse systems, Trucking, except local, Research and development laboratories
11 T
50
50
present
10
Other waste* treatment sludge
Services, nec
455710
75
25
DK
10
Other wastewater treatment sludge
Trucking, except local
9500 Q
38
50
0
12
-------
PH
2
2
11
2
2
2
7
2
10
3
12
2
2
12
2
10
12
12
6
12
2
12
2
12
2
12
8.5
2
8
2
12
2
2
3
3
12
12
2
2
2
2
12
3.8
11
12
e
2
2
3
9
2
2
12
11
TABLE B-1 CHACTEFMZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES D0Q2
WASTE DESCRIPTION MOUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY
UnUMtod pMng tfudge utti cyanides
AHallee and chlorina
1 T
UnMMed plating sludge wttout cyanides
Coning, engraving, and aMed service*. Malai coaling aid aM ssrvic**. Screw machina products
8300 G
IMnaMdpMng sludge wkhoU cyanides
Insliuinents to rnaaauw elasticity
2 T
Untreated plating riudge without cyanides
Motor vshlde parts and ¦wssortss, Automoth* slanplngs. Automollvs parts and surpliss
3T
Unmated plating riudge without cyanides
PMng and polahing
2T
Untraflod pteting AidQ* without cywJdM
Plating and pohhlng
60 Q
Drawled pMng sludge without cyanides
PMng and pohNngJMal coaling and alad aarvicaa
1 T
Untiealed plating tfudge without cyanidee
Tania and tank components
ST
WastowMr MnM sludge wth toxic organic*
Cycic crudes and intermediates
1072 T
WaatoMSsr treatment sludge w»h Hate organic*
PMng and pofcNng
578 Q
Adi, stag, or otfwr rwiduo from Incharatton
Ratua* lyttomi
38 T
BMffMQrtM0orypM,CMlno^oorai
OK
29 T
BMrtMorb«MiypM.CMln9^ forti
Patroisum refining
3 T
Baosrie* or b«o*ry pens, casings, cons
Rahoada, Ine-haui operating. Switching and terminal devices
855 Q
Batlsriss or battery pans. casings, com
Semiconductors and mtalsd devices, Bectron tubes, receiving type. Electronic connector*
IT
Diy (ma or mslal hydradd* told* chwrfcaty Thed"
Motor vehtdae and car bodlaa
1050 Q
Dry ime or metal hydradde solids cherrfcaly "tlx ed"
Transiormsrs, Ptathg andpoMNng
1 T
Dry fern or mslal hydnaide (oidi chenfcaly tbud"
Vehicular lightkig equipment
79 T
Diy fcne or metal hydradde solids not "feed*
Bal and ralar bearfcgs
OK
Dry kn* or maul hydrakie soWt no! "feed"
National aecurlty
10 Q
Other "diy* aril, tb^. or ttiermd residue
MkalaaandcNorina
48 Q
Qftir inorganic Midi
AgricuSurai cherricaia, nac
713 Q
Other inorganic soids
Altera*
ST
OttMr knrganic solds
Aircraft enginaa and angina parts
5600 Q
Ottiar inorganic aolds
Aluminum afwat. plan, and hi. Atortnum toifcig and drawing, nac
IT
Other inorganic aolda
Chemical preparations, nec
440Q
Ottier horganic soids
OK
100122 Q
Other Inorganic adds
Electronic component* nac
4T
CWiar inorganic aolda
Electronic components, nac, Ptaling and polahing
1ST
Ottiar horganic aolda
Electronic computing equipment. Ssrriconductois and related devices
0
Olhar kiorganlc aolda
Electronic confuting equipment. Senfconductois and related devices
0
Olhar Inorganic aolda
Electronic computing equfcxnontf lectionic components, nec
1 T
Ohar Inorganic aolda
Electronic confuting equipmenLEIectronlc cotryoneais. nec
IT
Ohar Inorganic aolda
Guided missies and apace vehicles. Spaet propulsion units and parte
IT
Ottiar inorganic aolda
Hardware, nac. Plating and polishing
S5G
Ottiar Inorganic soids
Hardware, nac. Plating and polishing
605 Q
Olhar Inorganic aolda
Industrial qssm
1 T
Olhar Inorganic aolda
Industrial inorganic dienfcak, nac
1 T
Ottiar Inorganic aolda
Industrial inorganic cherricals, nac
60 T
Olhar horgaric soids
industrial organic chemicals, nec
28 T
Other inorganic aolda
industrial organic chemicals, nec
24 T
Ottiar inorganic aolda
Instrument* to measure stearic**
1 T
Ottiar inorganic aolda
Metal coaling and allied services
25T
Ottiar inorganic aolda
Motor vehicles and car bodies. Motor vehicle pans and acce6aoriee. Internal confcustion engines, nec
3T
Other kiorganic aolde
Noncurrenl-catrying wiring devices
10 T
Ottiar Inorganic aolda
Ordinance and accessories, nec
264G
Ottiar inorganic aolds
Petroleum raMng
108 T
Other kiorganic aolda
Petroleum relMng
439 T
Olhar inorganic aolda
Petroleum refining
88 T
Olhar inorganic aolda
Petroleum refining
2T
Ottwr inorganic aolda
Petroleum refining. industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
2 T
Other inorganic soids
Plastics materials and resins, Industrial organic chemicals, nec
912 G
Other Inorganic sofds
Purrps and pumping equipment
990 G
Oth^r inorganic sofds
Screw machine products
110G
-------
PHY8CAL WASTE
DESCRIPTION
WASTE DESCRIPTION
TABLE B-1 CHACTERIZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES D002
NOUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY SOLDS WATER ORGANIC
PH
nu
(%>
CONTENT (%l
1440
100
0
0
2
24T
so
0
0
2
100 T
08
2
0
2
IT
m
60
m
3
IT
88
OK
OK
12
2T
88
2
DK
12
2ST
88
16
0
12
1220 Q
preeent
OK
DK
2
1S40Q
88
2
DK
4
770 Q
88
6
DK
3
IT
28
29
6
6
166750
88
6
DK
2
14 T
100
0
DK
8
OK
80
40
N/A
2
0
OK
96
DK
12
ST
80
10
N/A
2
SO
OK
DK
DK
12.5
70
N/A
ptaaant
preaant
2
380
0
66
OK
2
102 T
88
1
N/A
2
2ST
88
1
DK
12
11ST
88
1
0
11
179 T
100
DK
DK
2.3
0
OK
DK
DK
11
1S0Q
0
40
0
3
IT
88
OK
OK
4
• T
70
20
8
2
1 T
86
1
DK
2
10 T
80
10
preeent
6
288 0
20
80
DK
6
129 T
75
28
1
2
38 T
42
50
preeent
12
1ST
48
OK
OK
7
63360
86
2
DK
8
6T
75
25
20
2
2T
OK
6
OK
12
59 a
0
80
OK
2
2 T
88
1
N/A
2
55 Q
OK
70
N/A
2
2450
88
preaant
OK
12
63 T
0
preeant
preaant
12
530
26
50
DK
11
275 0
0
65
0
2
1 T
51
N/A
preaant
2
166 T
88
N/A
N/A
2
1 T
85
DK
N/A
2
IT
OK
80
N/A
2
2 T
0
80
13
5.5
1200
eg
0
DK
2
300
09
0
present
2
486 a
DK
OK
DK
2
8 T
DK
DK
DK
3
1 T
0
1
DK
2
1 T
00
DK
10
2
Inorganic eoUda (continued) Olhar hwrgv*: mU
Oher horganlc eolde
OUtar Inorganic mM*
ONwflnv|nlBMlUi
Other horganlceoide
Olhar horgwiloaolda
Inorganic eoUda
Inorganic eollde
Inorganic wild*
Inorganic aoMda
Lab pacta
Lab pacta
Lab pacta
Other reactive satafehemlcde
Olhar iMdfca aala/chenfcala
Other imciIm uta/chanteak
Other imcHm aatafehanfcali
Qhar laactkw MhMhanfcafe
Other motto sata/cherrfcah
Olhar laactVa tata/diamlcali
Other leactfeetata/cheirlcali
Ottwrteactka aatt/chenfcab
CBtar mm/m Inorganic chenfeak
Olhar waste horganle chanfcah
Olhar waata Inorganic chemfcab
Olhar wade kwrgardc chemical*
Olhar MM torganfc charrtcak
Olhar waata Iwrganle chemical*
Olhar waste horganle chemfcala
Other waste Inorganic chemicals
CXher waata Inorganic chemicals
Lab packs
Spant aoAd Mara or adaottoanta
Spam aoM Wlam or adaoibenta
opviv ¦ow mill or aoaoioama
8pant aoHd Mara or adaoibanla
8pont soUd Mere or adaoibenta
9panl aoM Mart or adaoibanla
Spent eoMd Idler* or adaoibenta
Spanl (odd NRara or adaoibanla
Spent eoBd Met* or adsoibenta
8pent soUd Mara or adaoibenta
Concentrated ofl-epec or dlacardad product
Concanlralad oll-apac or dlacardad product
Concentrated ofl-epec or dlacardad product
Concentrated oflapec or dlacardad product
Concanlralad off-apac or dlacardad product
Concanlralad off-apec or dlacardad producl
Concanlralad ofl-apec or dtacvdad product
Concanlralad oll-apac or dlacardad product
Concanlralad ofl-apao or dlacardad producl
Empty or eruahed melal dram* or container*
Lab pacta at old chemical* only
Lab pacta d old chamlcala only
Lab pacta of old chamlcala only
Lab pacta ol old chamlcala only
Lab pacta of oU chemicals only
Lab pacta ol old chamlcala only
Lab pacta ol old chemicals only
Lab packs ol old chemicals only
lAtaed lab packs
SafflAoonduolMa and ralalad davtoaa
Sandoondudofa md ivlMid davtoaa
Sanfaondudva and ffaMad Moil
8|nm inhivIi and Mwotonf
Tanto and lank aonponania
Aluminum aitmdad producn
, —,1, ,fa -a -««¦ - *
unwf—ano too proouCTi
Conatrudlon niachlnafy
Hardware, naoi Ptatfng and poNaNnf
tnduauw oijantodianlDili^MQ
Iran and alaal torfkiga* Maui ooallni and aNad aaivtoaa
KfldoiMi aacurty
PtafagandpolaNng
» *a - a*i ...i » - ¦" - -
wnaa arm* rmng ana povnmg
Etadronto ooirjponaniat nao
Etadronto nnpomna» nao
Eladranlo oompulInQ aQu^Mnanl
Eladronto oonpuHi9 a9u^wwnl
Induatrtal torganto chartcah, nao
Induatrtal feMTQanlo dairtcik, nao, Chamlcal praparattona, nac
Motor vahtdaa and car bodlaa
Patrolaum rafWng
8craw rnncNna produda
ComnamW printing, lattarpraaa.Food produda machlnary
Eladrio aaivloaa
Induatrtal organic chemfcala. nac
MuanM organic chamlcala, nao
Induatrtal aiganlo chamlcala. nac
MlacaNanaoua plaallca products, PMng and poMIng
HiniilaaaKWila eel diHalu item
Otganlo (bar*, nonoatuloatc
Plating and paWUng
Sarvlcaa, nac
8oapandcthardaMigenie
Agrlcuhiral chamlcala. nac
Chamlcala and allad product*
Chamlcala and aHad product*, Patrolaum product*. nac
Induatrtal controk
Motor vahldaa and car bodlaa
National aacurdy
PlunMng, haaUng, air oondtlonlng
Semiconductor* and ralalad davlcaa
Surf a
Radio and TVcommunlcatton aqulpmam
Electronic confuting aqulpmant.Elaclronlc componanta. nac
Industrial controla
Medicinal* and botanical*. Pharmaceutical praparallona
Pana and mechanical pencil*, plating and pdahlng
Pans and mechanical pencils, Plating and poiahlng
Radio and TV communication equipment
Research and development laboraloites
Storage batteries
Cyclic etudes and Intermediates
-------
TABLE B-1 CHACTEHIZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES D002
PHYSICAL WASTE WASTE DESCRPTKM MODS TRIAL DESCRIPTION QUANTITY SOLOS WATER ORGANIC PH
DESCRIPTION
<%>
<%)
CONTENT (%i
Lab pads (continued)
Mkad tab pads
Electronic conputkig equ^jment. Semiconductors and rsMsd dances
1046 G
00
N/A
N/A
2
Organic Iqulde
ConcanMM aquaous solution at other organic*
Chankah and aMad products
1790G
6
10
DK
12
Concentraasdaqueoueeolutionct other organic*
General chemical manutaourlng
2205G
0
present
present
2
Concentrated aquaous aokmon at after organica
General chemical manutadurtig
38 T
15
85
DK
2
Concentrated aquaous solution of other organic*
General chemical manutacmring
182T
2
05
2
2
ConcanMlad aquaous solution oi othar organlcs
Industrial organic chemicals, nac
3000 G
DK
50
DK
2
ConoanMsd aquaous solutta) of othar organic*
InttumsnatomaMurailsitlcly
1 T
6
15
DK
2
ConcifXrtumounoMon of otfwr orpanin
Medidnals aid botanlcaii
6810 T
45
65
DK
2.3
mwwt iffMtofmf oihtf Qfyrto
National ascurty
1 T
0
60
DK
2
Conoantntad aquaous sotutfon ol othsr organlcs
Phermscsudcslptipersttone
66 T
DK
OK
DK
2
Concsntnssd aqusous aokmon of othsr organlcs
Semiconductors and retasd devices
22S5G
0
DK
DK
2
ConoanMsd aquaous solution a( other organlcs
Semiconductors and nUsd devtcee
835 Q
0
DK
DK
3
ConcsnMsd aqusous soluton d othar organlcs
Semiconductors and reWeddevicse
2475 G
0
DK
DK
11
ConoanMsd aquaous solution ol after organlcs
Taiaphona and tsisgrsph apparatus. SsnlccnduHors and raided devlcee.Radlo and TV communication eg
S5Q
2
65
DK
12
Organic Iqulds
ConoanMsd phenolcs
InfimtTM ofjinic fhwrtili. mc
81098 G
N/A
0
DK
11
ConoanMsd phsnofca
Petroleum i*Mng
610022 G
2
06
DK
6
Organic Iquids
ConcwMtf MlMnt-wtfar soiuiiofl
Photographic equipment and auppllee
20000 G
13
78
10
2
Organic Iquids
1 laloginrttd (a». chtorln*od)aolvenl
Track and bus bodas
2 T
1
DK
DK
5
Organic Iquids
HstaganatedAonhaiogenaled solvent rnlxlurs
CoaUng.sngravlng.anda*edaervtees. IWilgwi«>jilandheaUngequipment
110G
7
OK
DK
3
MilnganMotVnnnhdogon^ort solvent mixture
Electronic lasislors
3T
DK
1
DK
2
Halogenited/nonhalogenaied solvent rrtxturs
Englnserlng and sdanfc instumsnts. Surgical and medical hstmmsnis
501 G
OK
DK
DK
2
Halogsnalsd/nonhaiogsruted soivant trtdure
Space propuWon units and parts
110G
1
10
05
3
Organic Iquids
Nonhaioganalad advent
Cjelc crudes and Intstnadtatss
2T
10
25
60
12
Organic Iquids
Ct sneer emuWon or mfacture
PatrelaumrsMng
1493 T
DK
25
DK
2
Organic Iquids
Organic paint, M, lacqusr. or vamWt
Pens and mechanical panels
787 G
0
05
present
3
Organic pah*. Ink, lacquer, or vamfett
Pans and mschanicd psndb
317 G
50
45
present
3
Organic Iquids
Othsr organic Iquid
Agriculurslchstufcals, nsc
3 T
present
present
present
2
Other organic Iquid
Chemical preparations, nsc
25900 Q
5
06
5
3
Other organic (quid
OK
0
0
20
DK
12
Othar organic Iquid
Electronic componant^ nac
11S2G
20
75
DK
2
Othar organic (quid
Electronic conponenl* nec
4342 Q
0
70
N/A
2
Ofter organic Iquid
General chemical manufacturing. Industrial organic chsmicak. nec
43127 T
DK
DK
DK
2
Ofter organic Iquid
Industrial organic chemicals nsc
10045537T
1
09
1
8
Othar organic Iquid
Metal coaling and aBed servicee
65365 G
4
05
DK
3.4
Othar organic Iquid
Metal coating and aMad services
116 T
99
DK
DK
11
Othar organic (quid
Organic Ibenk noncehiloclc
DK
DK
DK
DK
2
OMier organic Iquid
Organic (tiers, noncefcikxlc. Plastics materials and reelne
2T
N/A
5
OK
2
Ofter organic Iquid
Paper mfc, except building paper
390 Q
10
00
DK
2
Othar organic Iquid
Petroleum refining
190 T
N/A
1
DK
2
Othar organic Iquid
Plastics materia* and resins
485 T
0
5
1
2
Othar organic Squid
PlasSics materials and resins
1 T
5
90
DK
10
Othar organic Iquid
Plastics materials and resins. Industrial organic chemicals, nec
1815
DK
1
N/A
5
Othar organic liquid
Semiconductors and related devices
2800 G
1.5
5
DK
12
Organic (quid*
PaM thinner or petroleum d&italea
Cathode ray television picture tubes
46 G
10
DK
DK
4
Organic Iquids
Spent solvent
Metal coaling and aHad services
9000 G
N/A
99
N/A
8.5
Spent solvent
Paper coaling and glazing
6T
4
58
30
12
Organic liquids
waste ol
Ordinance and accessories, nsc. Screw machlns products
4070 G
present
70
present
2
Organic sludges
Adheslves or expoxies
DK
IT
DK
DK
DK
7
-------
PHYSICAL WASTE
DC SORPTION
WASTE DESCRIPTION
TABLE B-t CHACTERIZATION DATA FOR CHARACTERISTIC CORROSIVE WASTES D002
MOUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION
QUANTITY
SOLOS
P4
WATER
(*)
ORGANIC
CONTENT (%>
PH
Organic sludges
ONydudga
PalralaumiaiMnB
ST
DK
10
present
8
Olyskidg*
Spaca research and technology
5T
SO
40
OK
11
Organic skidgss
Organic paM or Ink aiudge
Cycflc oudn And inftafRiodtaiao
3T
56
30
20
2
Organic dudgee
Ottiar oiganlc sludge
Gmoral chamfcd oanutaclurtag
21 T
45
52
1
3
Ottisr organic sludge
kiduatrlal organic chemicals, nac
6T
80
20
80
2
Ottiar oganic thidga
Industrial organic chsmfcaisi nac
IT
50
5
95
2
Othar ofponic tiudQO
Plastics iraSsrMs and raaina
1SS8SQ
2
48
DK
10
Otttsroigwicsludg*
flaftgandpoMAg
200 a
90
2
DK
8
Oganicsiudgse
Reac*>e or polpmriuHa organica
Tolst preparations
312 Q
28
S
1
2
Organic akidgaa
Radnt, two or tony riudpo
Petroleum rslHng
14 T
95
DK
DK
5
Organic rtudgas
SVDOBons of nonMMipBnMW 0f9i**c W|iini
Mustriai organic chsmicafe, nac
84 T
50
30
64
2
WIMIIUIWwIlWWWjiflMWOIJWCiqiWI
Petroleum ralMng
u7oo a
9
59
0.4
8
Organic aoMs
¦¦ ¦ • « -111 J .» « . —»-«
NonranyinsBa pwaov no
Agriculural chemicals, nsc
10 T
99
0
15
10
Organic aoMs
Otfw holDQonatod o^pMic oold
Chemical preparatory nec
100 T
DK
DK
DK
2
Ottisr hstagsnated organic aold
Inrtuiiiirt oipinlc chxnfc lit. not
184 T
100
5
N/A
2
Ottiar hatogsnslsd organic aoU
Synthetic rubber, InduattM organic chatntafc. nac
163 T
50
50
7
10
Oipanlootdf
Other nonhatogarMttsd organic sold
Akcrall
8814 Q
99
DK
DK
2
Ottisr mnMogsnned organic sold
Ammunitton, axapt lor amal arm, nac
sea
99
0
0
4
Ottiar nsnMoganaM organic aold
Chemicals snd sMed products
ioio a
90
0
DK
12
Ottiar nonhafagenMsd organic aold
Qeneral chemical manutadurine.Sutaesactt*eag*nte
BT
80
15
prasant
10
Ottiar nonhdoganalad organic aold
Industrial organic chentiotts, nac
4 T
60
1
prasart
2
Ottiar nontaioganalad organic aoU
Industrial organic chamfer nac
123 T
92
8
31
2.7
Ottiar nonhatogeralad organic (old
Motor whidM and car bodtaa
SSQ
37
NIA
OK
2
Ottiar nonhatogattted organic aoU
Saucagaa and ottiar piaparad maata
294 T
8
94
present
2
Ottiar nontatogamad organic aoU
Vatosa and pipe Mnge
550 Q
94
6
0
7
OganteaaWi
Reactive organic aold
DK
8T
S3
0
DK
2
neacliw organic sold
Industrial inorganic cherricak, nac
0T
91
9
88
10
Organic soldi
Sold resins or poiymartaad organic*
Cycle crudes and UermadUes
8T
99
1
6
7
Sold teste or polyinattisd organic*
Industrial organic chanicals, nac
3685 Q
65
N/A
N/A
12
Organic soMs
Spent raitmn
Cfdc crude* and lMofvwdtaCio,lndwirW oipnic cAiNcik, mc
2T
SO
50
present
2
Spar* carbon
Cycfc oudM and InMnntdWN.InduilrU organic f hmfrifa. noc
17 T
50
50
present
2
Spool carbon
Industrial organic chemlcale.nsc
15 T
66
0
DK
2
Organic soM»
Spanl carbon
Organic pesticide product*
880 a
90
10
N/A
2.7
Spanl carbon
PtiarmacauMcal praparatlona
4 T
90
10
DK
2
DK-Dom know
Q-Qahmt
T-Tona
N/A-Not available
Reference: USEPA t988a
-------
Table B-2 Corrosive Waste Quantity Handled by Industrial Classification (million gallons/year)
a
SIC code Industry description Waste quantity handled
High Low Percent
28
49
29
33
26
36
35
32
34
37
20
Chemicals and allied products
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Petroleum refining
Primary metals
Paper and allied products
Electric and electronic
machinery, equipment, and
supplies
Machinery, except electrical
Stone, clay, glass, concrete
Fabricated metals
Transportation equipment
Food and kindred products
Other industries
18,3373
2,305
1.150
1,143
1.126
581
417
190
183
136
27
50
15,590
1.960
978
972
957
495
354
162
156
115
23
42
71.5
9.0
4.5
4 5
4.4
2.3
1.6
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.2
Total:
aIncludes D002 and K062 only.
Source: USEPA. 1988c.
25,645
21,803
100.0
-------
APPENDIX C
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL
DESCRIPTIONS FOR D003 WASTES
3073b
-------
2817s-l
Table C-l Characterization and Industry Data for D003 Wastes That Are Only Characteristic Reactive Wastes
(i.e., not aixed with other hazardous wastes) According to the
1986 TSOR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only
Amount
Management
generated
practice
SIC code
Industry description
Waste description
in tons
in 1986
2911
Petroleui refining
Oily sludge
13,461
Land treatment
Soil contaminated with inorganics
44
Land treatment
Sludge with reactive sulfides
13
Land treatment
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
45,150
Underground injection
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
2.983.333
Underground injection
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
1.216.667
Underground injection
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
1.212.500
Underground injection
Sludge with other reactives
77
Landfill
Reactive sulfide salts/chemicals
3.701
Waste piles
2811
Other chemicals and allied industries
Reactive organic solid
1
Landf ill
9511
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Other waste inorganic chemicals
1
Landfill
2800
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Nonhalogenated solvent
7
Surface impouncfaent
2800
Chemicals and chemical preparations, nec
Reactive sulfide salts/cheancals
1
Landfill
2822
Nonhalogenated solvent
825.312
Surface i^xHindaent
2869
Industrial organic chemicals. nec
Reactive organic solid
36
Surface iapounchent
Reactive or polymerizable organic liquid
120,833
Underground injection
2892
Explosives (TNT production, lead azide, etc.)
Aqueous waste with other reactives
(e.g., explosives)
4
Surface ia^xxindaent
3644
Electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing,
and coloring
Other inorganic liquid
4,610
Surface impoundnent
9711
National security
Reactive sulfide salts/chemicals
1
Surface iafxxjndaent
9711
Research and development laboratories
Other reactive salts/cheancals
1
surface i«vx>und«ent
3312
Blast furnaces (including coke ovens),
steel works, and rolling wills
Caustic with solution cyanides but no Metals
45,833
Underground injection
2892
Explosives
Other inorganic solids
1
Waste piles
Aqueous waste with other reactives (e.g., explosives) 15
Surface iapoundnent
Other reactive salts/chemicals
52
Surface impoundaent
3321
6ray iron foundries
Other "dry" ash, slag, or thermal residue
7.271
Waste piles
Other "dry" ash, slag, or thermal residue
2,827
Waste piles
Other "dry" ash, slag, or thermal residue
2.320
Waste piles
Reference: USEPA 1986.
-------
2749g-ll
Table C-2 Characterization and Industry Data for Nixed Wastes Containing Reactive
Wastes According to the 1986 TSOR Survey for Non-CBI Facilities Only
SIC code Industry description
Waste
code
Waste description
Amount
generated
in tons
Management
practice
in 1986
2911 Petroleu* refining
D001
0003
D007
0008
Oily sludge
11 Land treatment
0001
0003
Oily sludge
S38 Land treatment
0001
0002
0003
Reactive sulfide salts/cheaicals
7 Land treatment
n
i
rv>
0002
0003
Metal scale, filings, or scrap
Land treatment
0001
0002
0003
Concentrated aqueous solution of
other organic
239 Surface i^muncfaent
0002
0003
Spent caustic
1,749 Surface i^raundnent
0003
0002
Spent caustic
4.878 Surface iiftounctaent
-------
2749g-12
Waste
SIC code Waste description code
2911 Petroluew refining (cant.) 0002
0003
0002
0003
2860 Colleges, universities, 0001
professional schools, and 0002
junior colleges 0003
U075
U151
2800 General cheaical Manufacturing 0001
D009
0003
0003
0006
0011
0001
0002
0003
F003
0001
D002
0003
lable C-2 (continued)
Amount Hanagsaent
generated pract ice
Industry description in tons in 1986
Aqueous waste with other reactives 3,000 Surface iqpouncfaent
(e.g., explosives)
Caustic aqueous waste 668,685 Underground injection
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
Lab packs of old chanicals only 5 Landfill
Lab packs of debris only 1 Landfill
Lab packs of old cheaicals only 1 Landfill
Reactive or polyaerizable organic liquid 899 Surface iafmundnent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent 37 Surface ii^iouTKtaent
Reactive or polyaerizable organic liquid
-------
2749q-13
Waste
SIC code Waste description code
2869 Industrial organic chemicals, nee 0002
D003
D001
D002
D003
0001
0003
0001
0002
0003
D007
0002
0003
0002
0003
D003
D004
0005
0007
C-2 (continued)
Anount Management
generated practice
Industry description in tons in 1986
Reactive or polyaerizable organic 182.385 Surface iwpoundKnt
liquid
Reactive or pol>*erizable organic 65,753 Surface iapoundaent
liquid
Reactive or polywerizable organic 19 Surface i^xxindnent
liquid
Aqueous waste with low solvents 40,725 Surface i*pouncknent
Acidic aqueous waste
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
Other inorganic liquid
Spent caustic 75,000 Underground injection
Aqueous waste with reactive sulfides
Acidic aqueous waste 810,608 Underground injection
Aqueous waste with other reactives
(e.g., explosives)
Other waste inorganic cheMicals
383 Landfill
-------
27«9g-14
Waste
SIC code Waste description code
?816 Inorganic pigments 0002
0003
9711 National security 0001
F003
F005
1321 Oil and gas extraction 0001
0003
2821 Plastics Materials. D001
synthetic resins, and ran- 0002
volcanizable elastcaers 0003
2833 Medicinal cheaicals and 0001
botanical products
D0Q2
D002
D003
F002
F003
P106
U080
U112
U154
U220
C-2 (continued)
Industry description
Amunt NanageMent
generated pract ice
in tons in 1986
Soil con twin* ted with organics
20 Landfill
Nonhalogenated solvent
1 Landfill
Spent solid filters or absorbents
61
Landfill
Acidic aqueous waste
Other reactive sales/cheaicals
1.352
Surface iqpoundnent
Concentrated solvent-water 2.458.353
solution
Acidic aqueous waste
Caustic aqueous waste
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no wetaIs
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Aqueous waste with low solvents
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no *etals
Halogenated (e.g., chlorinated) solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Nonhalogenated solvent
Surface iapoundaent
-------
Z749g-15
Table C-2 (continued)
SIC code
Waste description
Waste
code
Industry description
Amount
generated
in tons
Management
practice
in 1986
2833 Medicinal cheaticaIs and botanicals
D003
P106
Caustic solution with cyanides but 27,090
no aetals
Caustic solution with cyanides but
no Metals
Surface i^mundaent
2879
Alkalies and chlorine
0002
0003
Acidic aqueous waste 179,036
Aqueous waste with other react ives
(e.g., explosives)
Surface i^joundnent
3482 Saall aras anunition explosives
(TUT production, lead azide. etc.)
0002
0003
K044
K046
Aqueous waste with other reactives 1,750
(e.g., explosives)
Surface i^ioundaent
Reference: USEPA 1988.
-------
TABLE C-S CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR DOOS REACTIVE CYANIDE SUBCATEGORY
WASTE D6SCWPT10N
SOURCE OF WASTE QEECflATION
INDUgTWAt PESCWmOM
SOUDS
¦ ¦
WATBI
CYAMDE
CONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN PERCENTAGE LEVELS
Picking
Haiowal aacudty
Ship biriWno and npAnf
0
OK
90
DK
170
DK
CauaMc adudon cyawidaa bu wo walala
(Mm daan cut or cfaauia prar m»
Otfiar oflMmpMiii
DOBS, WIS, iff| OnO
RMMtA Nltf dMlflpfllMI UbooloMS
n»Tfcyifr»m»«« nifc prop*
0*w>po* coatdaf—
«« ¦ » — —i-i- »• ¦ ¦ • »-
MMBrCyWflP
(Mmt InogMfc IquM
OMmt inoigadc aoldt
Otfiar organic Ifdd
OOwr organic dudga
imcwv HmmiKBi
00*rafcdga*toiqr«adaa
RiidM of po^mozriiii organica
Hiartwra organic ujU
pw^niw pnoM
f of-apac maiarid
Oiacartngdodul ddapioAirttor
AcddanldapMaAdadMrgaa
Ctoau** of prooaaa aqupmanl
OWwrpol. ccnfcdof wraala fa—<
Laboratory aatataa
Diseasing at c#-«pac maiarid
Dawatwing
*P*C
Cyciccmdaaandinlarffiartdaa.inii* orgarttcharflicala.nac
CKWi imv, nMn«OT|
Currant-canymg wring 4tv.,
Finn macMnary Mid nmpniMl
Nonounant-cartying tailing dwlm
EiicfeQflic MnpufnQ mywml
Stoat pipa and lufcao
PtMimand palatini
Spaad changar*. diirat mi ga«MiMfc •**.. Me
Nordarvoua toHng wd drawing, nac
da*., aiad. eon?. nac
CBlifliannduufciiaiita. nac
Plating and poiaMng
S*jp buidmg end Mpwlng
Madonat aacmity, gan automotwa opdrafapa
Sanacond. and Ml davioaa, pMing Mid pofattng
Electron lubaa, mantting,**"? appantoa and fcibaa
QhMMMMpNdUClONptMliai
Otfiarwa
By^wAidpmaam
Dacardtag d oMpac onAmM
CtfwpfocaM
Olharpot- contdora
rdtoangfrciaadng
BneMpWng
Diacardktg of out-oWda produda or ciianteob
Othar Mtto production procaaa
Ctaan out d paocaaa aquipmarH
Organic ftam. noneMotk
Riding andpofatvng
Ramary abrrvum
Blaat fumacaa and alad oafc
Induatoalinorgartcrharfirah, aac
0*9ade fbara, aencaldodc
Orjanir It an. nnnrafcdnair
Gankondutlw and iaad dadcaa
Soap and dbar daiargaolB
Organic ftwi, nonoaflutoaic
Fabricated matol pradueta. ftac,dtcraft auginaa and angina parta
DK
InduaL oigadc charrirala. aac,cycle oudaa and iatarmada.,aynd».
Primary norianoutmatda. nac
Aircraft anginaa and angina paila
Junior oolagae
Indudriai organic chamicala, nac
Biological produda
industrial inorganic cfcarricafc, nac
Organic fbara,, noncakitodc
Organic Ibara, noncafciloaic
Smaff arvna^Jaling and poiaMng
Raoaatcfi and dawatcpmai'it Mi
CtoMMJtotfpiacaaa iqupmat
Oiacarrfng d oi*of-dda prodUda or charricala
By-produd peecaaawg
Motor vahida part# and a
Wabng and pola>ang,nnld coadng and a
Smal anra ammunition
Plating and poiahing
Safiiconduclow and ralalad dawicaa
Matoi haaf traating
Raluaaaydarra
Sarraconductors and ralalad dawicaa
Sanieonductors and (alaied dawcaa
Organic ibara, nonoalWoaie
40
DK
DK
35
24
P
1
1
•
P
DK
30
DK
NA
DK
83
OK
2
65
0
2
DK
g{56-79%)
DK N
39903 Sodum qranMa(1-10K)
170 Tobana(1>10%>
0
0
20
-------
TABLE C-3 CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR E)003 REACTIVE CYANIDE SUBCATEGORY
80U06
WATER
CYANIDE
WASTE DESCRIPTION
SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION
INOUSTRML DESCRIPTION
«4
f*»
(PPM)
CONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN PERCENTAGE LEVELS
Induabiaf organic cfcaavcala. nac
OK
OK
500
N
iom« EtoLiwit eotrpemau, mc
30
70
700
Cyan»daa{50Ctf>fltO.1%)
8ei eenlwiireied wA inoigweee enly
Cbeiup el epl wedw
Organetbrnm, noncafcjtoaic
99
2
10
Ciimp of «pil mm Att
Qitfmk. (ban. nonemtjkmc
99
2
10
Sb(5O(^)par«, noncafeloaic
90
10
10
M<500ppnvO1%)
RlMORtolflMUQNIQ
Orjanir Abaca, nonoafluioaic
99
NA
10
N
BNfeopMn|
turn and >»laleddar.il»ilffi mbaa. «ac. %pa, atoc. owwacto
* 99
1
2000
N
Waetewater or aquaoua mu&ua
EtectrapMng
tMiinantfrilriadpradudi
(I*)
95
20000
N
EMrapMn^
Slwl w» and fdrtad predudi
(151
95
20000
Zn(01-1%)
DgiHijirtng
Slaal wita and ralalad produc*
IS
95
20000
S«iumcyarada(ai-1%).eoppareyanida(0M%)rZmc eyanda(0M%)
BtOmpMng
Slael w» and laired product#
19
95
20000
So*jmcyanida(0.1-1%i.coppare)ranida(0.1-1%),z>ne cyanida(D.1-1%)
*. SUSPENDED SOLOS
OK ¦ DONT KNOW
N-NONE USTED
m m NOTAVAUBLE
P-PRESENT
REFERENCE: USEPA 1989a
0
1
OD
-------
2854g
Table C-4 Uaste Characterization for 0003 Explosives Subcategory
General or
typical
concentrat ion
Type of waste Constituents or amount Ccmnents
PEP Nitroguanidine SOX D003
Nitroglycerin 20X 0003
Nitrocellulose 20% 0003
Ethyl Centralite Trace 0003
TNT Trace 0003
DNT Trace 0003
Aluninu* Ponder Trace D003
Uaste Propellant Nitrocellulose 75-80X 0003
Nitroglycerin 17-22% 0003
Ethyl Centralite Trace 0003
Off-Spec TNT 2,4,6-TNT 90-98% 0003
Various isoners of TNT Trace 0003
Isaners of DNT Trace 0003
Other various compounds Trace 0003
Reference: Department of the Army, 1984.
C-9
-------
TABLE C-5 CHAHACTHraZABON DATA FOR 0003 EXPLOSIVES SUBCATEGORY
WASTE DESCRIPTION
SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION
M0U6TRIAL DESCRIPTION
PERCENT PERCENT
SOLOS WATER
OTHER CONSTITUENTS
Aqu«ouawaa» aatoitar fMd(«»«p)
Oiw imm ptMbcton pfBoni
Claaw out of p»m m a^apmant
Owe of 4Mpoc mafcajf
OweardMif of ofMpac iMmM
labpacfcaofdabaaof*
Q$m tnorgarfc aatda
OiacaHwQ of out-of 4al» cfcanfcate
Otftarprooaaa
Ofurpwow
OlMf wdi pnAidlM pmH
t,n |M. n
ihipmw npmni
n
i
OOmT Ot^MiC O^Ufd
OiwoigwiceWge
OOwr naci»a aafca'i ti—i*i
Randitfa or potynwixabta orpavac iqiid
RhcHmo^mcmU
OtMrdn
Tank bottom mnoval
Dia&aning of off qpac a
MaWririi liwtoa»aa
Fylndwaa
j^ovovRcnoAft^ nac^ aafionnJ aacud^^
Maiunal —cwily.anwmrrton wag* tor amal arma. aae
r^ioto«WM.wili09«w fartizwa. taribam, ntjaag on^r
Ammunition. wc. far amal arraa.MC>w) and Ml foqgingi
Eiyioaima
(kadad niaaifaa and apaca >i ¦liir ha.^i aca pwapuWon uwiHawdparta
ftadart wiaailaaandapaoai>alairlaajpata pmyiiMnii uni* and part*
Oftara
Oiaearimg of ofMpac rmtmd
Diacaidhig of oft-apac mat*II
Claanup of apil wnduaa
Ammunition, a*e. for amal armajtac^rdnanea and a
AnanunMoii. amaft torvnal anrai mc
E^loawaa
Claan out of procaaa atMpfflu*
Oftar preoaaa
OtacanSng of ofNpac maftaad
Ofcar procaaa
Othar imata production prooaaa
Otfiar waata production procaaa
By-product pmoaaamg
Fyloawaa
Ejyloaivaa
Eyfcwfraa
Guidad niaaitaa and apaca vaWdaa
Quidad iiiaalai and apaca vaMcfw
SpacapropuMonurite and parti
00
P
90
00
00
OK
OS
09
4
P
00
S3
0
0
to
00
00
00
00
OK
OK
100
00
00
p
as
p
00
20
00
100
05
100
NA
00
00
10
P
1
NA
1
1
n
1
OK
OK
DK
00
NP
NA
NA
NA
OK
0
0
«?
2
1
NA
30
10
NA
20
0
0
DK
0
10
0
P
13
P
NA
0
1
NO
5
0
NA
0
0
Mtogi|rearift(1»10%)>acatofla(0.1-1%),j(ytana(50(tpfli41%).Pfa(1-10&)
Tra*n*>fcMna{S0-7S%)
N
N
N
Tfaouraa(Q.M%)
N
N
N
N
Sb(5OOppm4.1%),0a(O1-1%),f%(O.1-1%)
N
M«ogVcaiW'1O%).dfeuM>htMala(O.1-1%).2l44r*mfc*jana01-1%)
8b(500ppfl*0.1%).Ba(0.1<1%).Pbf).1-1%)
Sb(900ppm4.1%)>Ba(0.1-1%)lPb(0.1-1%)
N
tt*ogipcarirt(2S-50*)
N
Maoglycarinp 0-29%)
N
2,4-dNwUo*»fcjafta{5&-7S%). dtotfyt>Mhalala(10-29%). dfchany4an»na(1 -10%).athyl acatat»{0.1-1%)
0ilM|r^ahtu*H104^>.ntooglyoarin(1<«S^dplwnylanina(1-10%>.e*yl aeaUia(1-l0%)
N
N
MWog^cahn(0.1.1%)
N
N
Ba{M0%).Cu(M0%). Pb(1-10%). Sa(1-10%)
Tm«bolDk*a«w(50-7S%)lri1ro^ycahrt(10-29X),*phanylamina(01-t%)
Diphanylaninaft. 1 -1%)
N
N
N
N
N
Thmtok*Mf*<2S-SO%)
H
N
N
N
N
N
OK- OOffT KNOW
l^unije
NA-NOT AVAILABLE
P-PRESENT
REFERENCE: USEPA 1000a
-------
TABLE C-4 CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR DOGS WATER REACT!VES SUBCATEGORY
WASTE DESCRPTKM
SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION
INDUSTRIAL DESCRPTKM
PERCENT
PERCENT
SOLIDS
WATER
~iwrtx ot bnary parta.cadngt or ooraa
Otwpncm
Motor veNde part* and aeon*. .automotive atamplnge
100
NA
Othar proraaa
National ucurty
NA
NA
Otac. it ou»-ol-data producta/chantkah
National (acuity
DK
DK
DK
National aecurity
P
NA
Otfiar ona-Hma piocaaa
hMontl aacurity
as
DK
OAapneMi
National aecurity
NA
NA
ONrpfoom
Naional aecurity
OK
0
Dtomdltyof ouHrf~dM9pfDductf orctoffllcafc
National aecur*y
90
DK
Dtacaidlng ol olt-apac notarial
National lacurity. communication aervtcaa, nac
100
ND
Diacartlng at M-tptc matartal
National aecurity. uoinnui ilcatlon aaodcaa. nae
100
NO
Stnnductkxi
Primary bafleriee, dry and vm
NA
NA
CMcadkig al aft-apac malarial
Primary battalia*, dryandwat
NA
NA
Olhar proem
Primary batterlee, dry and mm
ao
NA
DIauadiig o< oi-«pac material
Primary bartariaa, dry and war
NA
NA
Ortiac watta production proc—
Radio and tv communication equ^pmart
90
NA
EbctrMMteprtdptocJon
RaguMon, adnMMraton al tranaportatlon
90
10
WaW tcala, flfcga or acrap
latorrtorymaM
DK _
89
DK
Sbaiadudlon
Primary battariaa, dry and wet
NA
NA
Sba laducdan
Primary battariaa, dry and wet
NA
NA
Stta reduction
Primary battariaa. dry and war
NA
NA
Stea reduction
ftaeaaicli and development Idmdmlw
100
0
Othar trf aah,aiag or tharmai raridua
Stag removal
Gray Iron toundriee
100
0
Stao removal
Gray tam toundriee
100
DK
Stag removal
Primary Hiatal product*, nac
100
0
Slag removal
Induaam Inorganic cherrtcata. nee
99
0
Slag removal
Induettai Inorganic cherried*, nac
se
0
Othar matalaata'chamlcata
High lenperature maul ralMng
Primary nonfarroua metaie, nac
100
0
mil iaalnn iw»m
Other procea*
Onyirantoundri**
95
6
flaactM organic aofcl
Dlacardlrigoloul-ol-dale product* or thai nltala
Primary batlariaa, dry and war
NA
NA
OK-OONTKNOW
NA * NOT AVALABLE
REFERENCE: USEPA1909*
-------
TABLE C-7 CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR D003 REACTIVE SULFIDE SUBCATEGORY
SOLIDS
WATER
SULFIDE
WASTE DESCRIPTION
SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION
INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTION
t%i
JPPU>
CONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN PERCENTAGE LEVELS
a^JOOUB VMM#
Etecfroploting
Commardal panting, gravwa
2
00
in
N
Aqueouewaate wit) reactors euftdee
DecanMiofVeodMnontBlion
PeMwa raining
DK
00
43000
H2S(0.1-1%)
Air* steam abipping
Induetnal inorganic chenecati, nse
10
00
10000
N
Dietilaion * tract on abon
Petroleum raining
1%)
'.SUSPENDED SOLOS
DK • DONT KNOW
N - NONE USTED
NA- NOT AVAILABLE
P - PRESENT
REFERENCE: USEPA 1fi68e
-------
TABLE C-f CHARACTERIZA'nON DATA FOR 0003 OTHER REACT! VES SUBCATEGORY
WASTE DESCHPTION
SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION
NOUS TRIAL DE SORPTION
PERCENT PERCENT
SOLIDS WATER
HifaganawiWowhalogiMted Oofrant mfcw
OlherMoganaad organic aold
Oltiar organic dudga
Haactfc* or pdynwferibla orgwlca
SaboaomaolhalogMlonaofcaflMoiganlca
HaavyandataW bottom ramml
Ctaan out at proem aqulpmant
HriogMMiioR
HtkymMkui
»»' -¦ > » .....
UHMQn i RKWWOn
MuakM organic chamlcala, nac, agricutural ohemfcalt, nac NA
Abtaafra producmnlac. pliaHca pmrtiirn jmrotoum and coal prod. nac DK
Muttrial organic chamlcab, nac DK
MiaiM organic chamfcala, nac
hduatfW organic chamfcala, nac
MuaMal organic dwiricab, nac
0
OK
0
0
0
DK-DON'T KNOW
NA • NOT AVALABLE
REFERENCE :USEPA WMa
-------
APPENDIX D
DEFINITIONS OF FORBIDDEN EXPLOSIVE,
CLASS A EXPLOSIVE. AND CLASS B
EXPLOSIVE ACCORDING TO 49 CFR
-------
Forbidden explosives include the following:
1. Explosive compounds, mixtures, or devices that ignite
spontaneously or undergo marked decomposition when subjected to a
temperature of 167°F (75°C) for 48 consecutive hours.
2. New explosive compounds, mixtures, or devices except as provided
for in §173.86.
3. Explosive mixtures or devices containing an ammonium salt and a
chlorate.
4. Explosive mixtures or devices containing an acidic metal salt and
a chlorate.
5. Leaking or damaged packages of explosives.
6. Nitroglycerin, diethylene glycol dinitrate, or other liquid
explosives not authorized by §173.53(e).
7. Loaded firearms.
8. Fireworks that combine an explosive and a detonator or blasting
cap.
9. Fireworks containing yellow or white phosphorus.
10. Toy torpedoes, the maximum outside dimension of which exceeds
7/8-inch, or toy torpedoes containing a mixture of potassium
chlorate, black antimony, and sulfur, with an average weight of
explosive composition in each torpedo exceeding four grains.
Class A explosives include the following:
(a) Type 1. Solid explosives that can be caused to deflagrate by
contact with sparks or flame such as are produced by a safety fuse
pr an electric squib, but cannot be detonated (see Note 1) by
means of a No. 8 test blasting cap (see Note 2). Example: Black
powder and low explosives.
(b) Type 2. Solid explosives that contain a liquid explosive
ingredient, and which, when unconfined (see Note 3), can be
detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap (see Note 2); or
which can be exploded in at least 50 percent of the trials in the
Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see Note 4) under a drop
of 4 inches or more, but cannot be exploded 'n more than
50 percent of the trials under a drop of le than 4 inches.
Example: High explosives, commercial dynamite containing a liquid
explosive ingredient.
D-1
3073g
-------
(c) Type 3. Solid explosives that contain no liquid explosive
ingredient and which can be detonated, when unconfined (see Note
3), by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap (see Note 2); or which
can be exploded in at least 50 percent of the trials in the Bureau
of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see Note 4) under a drop of
4 inches or more, but cannot be exploded in more than 50 percent
of the trials under a drop of less than 4 inches. Example: High
explosives, commercial dynamite containing no liquid explosive
ingredient, trinitrotoluene, amatol, tetryl, picric acid, urea
nitrate, pentolite, and commercial boosters.
(d) Type 4. Solid explosives that can be caused to detonate when
unconfined (see Note 3), by contact with sparks or flame such as
are produced by a safety fuse or an electric squib; or which can
be exploded in the Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see
Note 4), in more than 50 percent of the trials under a drop of
less than 4 inches. Example: Initiating and priming explosives,
lead azide, fulminate of mercury, etc., and high explosives.
(e) Type 5. Desensitized liquid explosives that can be detonated
separately or when absorbed in sterile absorbent cotton, by a
No. 8 test blasting cap (see Note 2); but which cannot be exploded
in the Bureau of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see Note 4), by a
drop of less than 10 inches. The desensitizer must not be
significantly more volatile than nitroglycerine, and the
desensitized explosive must not freeze at temperatures above minus
°F. Example: High explosives, desensitized nitroglycerine.
(f) Type 6. Liquid explosives that can be exploded in the Bureau
of Explosives' Impact Apparatus (see Note 4), under a drop of less
than 10 inches. Example: Nitroglycerin. (See § 173.51(a)(3).)
(g) Tvoe 7. An initiating device that is a metal or plastic casing
containing initiating or priming explosives, Class A-Type 4, either
with or without other explosives. It is activated by any one of
several means, including an electrical pulse, a flame, a shock or
detonation wave, mechanical impact (percussion) pressurized gas, or a
high intensity light beam. It produces an explosive output that may be
used to initiate another explosive or to perform work. A time delay
may be incorporated in the means of applying the stimulus or in the
initiating device itself.
(1) A detonator (see Note 5) is an initiating device (other than one
properly described as a detonating fuze) that contains no more than
10 grams of total explosives weight, excluding ignition and delay
charges per unit. The different kinds of detonators include the
following:
D-2
3073g
-------
• Blasting caps that are activated by a safety fuse.
• Blasting caps that are percussion activated.
• Blasting caps that are activated by flexible detonating cord,
including:
(A) Delay connectors in plastic sheaths, which consist of a plastic
sleeve that contains a suitable delay system with receptor and
donor explosive charges in the center portion. Each end of the
sleeve is made so that flexible detonating cord can be inserted
into and locked to the connector.
(B) Delay connectors in metal tubes, which consist of a system with
a receptor and donor charge positioned between two detonators,
with the entire assembly placed in a metal tube having both ends
open for the insertion of flexible detonating cord.
(C) Delay connectors with detonating cord pigtails, which consist of
delay connectors as described in paragraph (g)(1)(iii)(B) of
this section that have short lengths of detonating cord inserted
into both ends and crimped in place.
(D) Nonelectric instantaneous and delay caps, which consist of
blasting caps to which is assembled a length of detonating cord
that may have a transfer explosive charge at the opposite end.
• Blasting caps that are activated by gas pressurization or
reaction.
• Blasting caps that are activated by a shock tube.
• Electric blasting caps that are activated by an electric
current.
(2) A detonating primer (see Note 6) is an initiation device for
commercial use that contains more than 10 grams of total
explosives weight, excluding ignition and delay charges per unit.
(3) Detonating fuzes, Class A, are used in the military service to
detonate the high explosive bursting charges of projectiles,
mines, bombs, torpedoes, and grenades. In addition to a
powerful detonator, they may contain several ounces of a high
explosive, such as tetryl or dry nitrocellulose, all assembled
in a heavy steel envelope. They may also contain a small amount
of radioactive component. Those that are made and packed so
that they will not cause functioning of other fuzes, explosives,
or explosive devices in the same or adjacent containers are
classed as Class C explosives.
D-3
3073«
-------
(h) Type 8. Any device or solid or liquid compound or mixture
that is not specifically included in any of the above types, and
which under special conditions may be so designated and examined
by the Bureau of Explosives or the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and approved by the Director, OHMT.
Example: Shaped charges, commercial.
(1) A shaped charge, commercial, consists of a plastic, paper, or
other suitable container composed of a charge of not to
exceed 8 ounces of a high explosive containing no liquid
explosive ingredient and with a hollowed-out portion (cavity)
lined with a rigid material. Detonators or other initiating
elements may not be assembled in the device unless examined
by the Bureau of Explosives and approved by the Director,
OHMT.
(i) Ammunition for cannon. Ammunition for cannon is fixed,
semifixed, or separate loading ammunition that is fired from a
cannon, mortar, gun howitzer, or recoilless rifle.
(j) Ammunition for cannon with projectiles. Ammunition for
cannon with explosive projectiles, gas projectiles, smoke
projectiles, incendiary projectiles, illuminating projectiles, or
shell is fixed ammunition assembled in a unit consisting of the
cartridge case containing the propelling charge and primer, and
the projectiles, or shell, fuzed or unfuzed. Detonating fuzes,
tracer fuzes, explosive or ignition devices, or fuze parts with
explosives contained therein may not be assembled in ammunition or
included in the same outside package unless shipped by or for the
Department of Defense (DOD) and in accordance with established
practices and procedures specified by DOD.
(k) Explosive projectiles. Explosive projectiles are shells,
projectiles, warheads, or rocket heads, loaded with explosives or
bursting charges, with or without other materials, for use in
cannons, guns, tubes, mortars, or other firing or launching
devices.
(1) Grenades. Grenades, hand or rifle, are small metal or other
containers designed to be thrown by hand or projected from a
rifle. They are filled with an explosive or a liquid, gas, or
solid material such as a toxic or tear gas or an incendiary or
smoke producing material and a bursting charge. When shipped
without explosives or bursting charges, see §§ 173.100(6),
173,330, 173.350, and 173.385.
(m) Explosive bombs. Explosive bombs are metal or other
containers filled with explosives. They are used in warfare and
include aeroplane bombs and depth bombs.
D-4
3073g
-------
(ri) Explosive mines. Explosive mines are metal or composition
containers filled with a high explosive.
(o) Explosive torpedoes. Explosive torpedoes, such as are used
in warfare, are metal devices containing a means of propulsion and
a quantity of high explosives.
(p) Rocket ammunition. Rocket ammunition (including guided
missiles) is ammunition designed for launching from a tube,
launcher, rails, trough, or other launching device, in which the
propellant material is a solid propellant explosive. It consists
of an igniter, rocket motor, and projectile (warhead) either fuzed
or unfuzed, containing high explosives or chemicals. Rocket
ammunition may be shipped completely assembled or may be shipped
unassembled in one outside container.
(q) Ammunition for small arms with explosive projectiles or
incendiary projectiles. Ammunition for small arms with explosive
projectiles and ammunition for small arms with incendiary
projectiles is fixed ammunition of caliber 20 millimeters to be
used in machine guns or cannons, and consists of a metallic
cartridge case, the primer and the propelling charge, with
explosive projectile or incendiary projectile with or without
detonating fuze; the component parts necessary for one firing
being all in one assembly. Detonating fuzes, tracer fuzes,
explosive or ignition devices, or fuze parts with explosives
contained therein must not be assembled in ammunition or included
in the same outside package unless shipped by, for, or to the
Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force of the U.S.
Government or unless of a type approved by the Department.
(r) Chemical ammunition. Chemical ammunition used in warfare is
all kinds of explosive chemical projectiles, shells, bombs,
grenades, etc., loaded with toxic, tear, or other gas, smoke or
incendiary agent; also such miscellaneous apparatus as cloud-gas
cylinders, smoke generators, etc., that may be utilized to project
chemicals.
(s) Boosters, bursters, and supplementary charges* Boosters and
supplementary charges consist of a casing containing a high
explosive and are used to increase the intensity of an explosion
of the detonator of a detonating fuze. Bursters consist of a
casing containing a high explosive and are used to rupture a
projectile or bomb to permit release of its contents.
(t) Jet thrust units (jato), Class A explosives; rocket motors,
class A explosives; igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class A
explosives; and igniters, rocket motor, Class A explosives.
D-5
3073g
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(1) Jet thrust units (jato), class A explosives, are metal
cylinders containing a mixture of chemicals capable of
burning rapidly and producing considerable pressure. Under
certain conditions, the chemical fuel with which the unit is
loaded may explode. Jet thrust units are designed to be
ignited by an electric igniter. They are used to assist
aeroplanes to take off.
(2) Rocket motor, Class A explosives, is a device containing a
propelling charge and consisting of one or more continuous
type combustion unit(s) closed at one end (closure may be an
igniter with a thrust plate) and with a nozzle(s) at the
other end. (The rocket motor carries its own solid
oxidizer-fuel combination.) The propelling charge consists
of a mixture of chemicals and/or chemical compounds which,
when ignited, is capable of burning rapidly and producing
considerable pressure and which will sustain a detonation.
Rocket motors, Class A explosives, should be nonpropulsive in
shipment (see paragraphs (t)(2)(i) and (ii) of this
section). Rocket motors, Class A explosives, are designed to
be ignited by an electrically actuated device that may be an
igniter, or by other means. They are used to propel and/or
provide thrust for guided missiles, rockets, or spacecraft.
(i) A rocket motor to be considered "nonpropulsive" must be
capable of unrestrained burning and will not move appreciably
in any direction when'ignited by any means. Blast
deflectors, thrust neutralizers, or other similar devices
must be proven adequate by test prior to authorization for
use.
(ii) Rocket motors, Class A explosives, may be shipped in a
propulsive state only under conditions approved by the
Department of Defense.
(3) Igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class A explosives, and
igniters, rocket motors, Class A explosives, are devices
consisting of an electrically operated or remotely controlled
ignition element and a charge of fast-burning composition
meeting the definition prescribed for Type 1 Class A
explosives (see paragraph (a) of this section), assembled in
a unit for use in igniting the propelling charge of jet
thrust units or rocket motors.
(u) Charged well casing jet perforating guns. Charged well
casing jet perforating guns are steel tubes or metallic strips
into which are inserted shaped charges connected in series by
D-6
-------
primacord. Shaped charges muse be of a type described in
paragraph (h)(1) of this section, except that each shaped charge
installed in the steel tube or metallic strip shall contain not
over 4 ounces of high explosive. Charged well casing jet
perforating guns must not be transported with blasting caps,
electric blasting caps, or other firing devices affixed to or
installed in the guns.
(v) Type 9. Propellant explosives, Class A, are solid chemicals
or solid chemical mixtures that are designed to function by rapid
combustion of successive layers, generally with little or no
smoke. The combustion is controlled by composition, size, and
form of grain. Propellant explosives, Class A, include some types
of smokeless powder and some types of solid propellant explosives
for jet thrust units, rockets, or other devices. Any propellant
explosive is Class A which detonates in any one out of five trials
when tested in the packages in which it is offered for
transportation. In conducting the test, one propellant container
shall be surrounded by inert loaded containers of the same weight,
including one inert container placed on top of the propellant
container. The propellant shall be ignited by means of a
commercial electric squib placed within 4 inches of the bottom of
the container. The presence of a crater and absence of flame
shall be considered as evidences of detonation.
(w) Detonating cord is a device consisting of a core of
pentaerythrite tetranitrate, cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine, or
similar explosive overspun with tapes, yarns, and plastics or
waterproofing compounds without wire countering.
Fooimrrea
¦ota 1: The datamation tast is parfonaad by placing tha saapla in an opan-and fibar tuba
that is sat on tba and of a lead block approxijutaly 1-1/2 inchas in diaaatsr and
* inchas hi Kb, which, in turn, ia p Lac ad an a solid basa. A staal plata Bay ba
placed betwsan tha fibar tuba and tba laad block.
Rota 2: A Bo. S taat blasting cap is ana containing 2 itsm of a aixtura of 80 parcaot
aarcury fulminate and 20 parcaot potassiia chlorsta, or a cap of equivslaot
strength.
¦ota 3: "Pnoopflnad," as usad in this saction, doss not axcluda tba uaa of a papar or
soft fibar tuba wrapping to facilitate tasts.
lota 4: The Buraau of Explosives Iapact Apparatus is a tasting darica dasigned so that a
guidad a-powd Might nay ba dropped frca pradataminad heights so w to i^iact
•pacific quaatitias of liquid or solid aaterials under fixed conditiona.
Detailed prists nay ba obtainad froa tha Buraau of Explosives. 1820 L Straet,
I.H., Waahingtoo, D.C. 20036.
D-7
3073g
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Rota 5: Sm § 173.100(ss) for critaria that datarmina whathar a particular typa of
datanator can ba claaaad aa a Class C axploaiva.
¦ota 6: Saa § 173.100(hh) for critaria that datarmina whatbar a particular typa of
dataoating prlaar can ba claaaad aa a Class C axploaiva.
Class B explosives include the following:
§ 173.87 Explosives in mixed packaging.
Unless specifically authorized by Parts 110-189 of this subchapter,
explosives may not be packed in the same outside packaging with other
articles. Inside packages of different explosives (except detonators and
initiating explosives) may be packed in one outside packaging in
accordance with the requirements of this subchapter if the gross weight
of each inside package does not exceed 8 ounces and the gross weight of
the completed package does not exceed 50 pounds.
(a) Explosives, Class B, are defined as those explosives that in
general function by rapid combustion rather than detonation and
include some explosive devices such as special fireworks, flash
powders, some pyrotechnic signal devices, and liquid or solid
propellant explosives, which include some smokeless powders. These
explosives are further described in paragraphs (b) to (g) of this
section.
(b) Ammunition for cannon with empty projectiles, inert-loaded
projectiles, solid projectiles or without projectiles, or shell, and
catapult charges exceeding 2 inches in diameter, is fixed ammunition
assembled in a unit consisting of the cartridge case containing the
propelling charge and primer with empty, inert-loaded, or solid
projectiles, or without projectiles, which is fired from a cannon,
mortar, gun, howitzer, or recoilless rifle.
(c) Rocket ammunition is fixed ammunition that is fired from a tube,
launcher, rails, trough, or other device as distinguished from cannon
ammunition, which is fired from a cannon, gun, or mortar. It
consists of an igniter, a rocket motor, empty projectile, an
inert-loaded projectile, or a solid projectile.
D-8
3073g
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(d) Special fireworks are manufactured articles designed primarily
for the purpose of producing visible or audible pyrotechnic effects
by combustion or explosion. (See §173.100(r) for common
fireworks.) Examples are toy torpedoes, railway torpedoes, some
firecrackers and salutes, exhibition display pieces, aeroplane
flares, illuminating projectiles, incendiary projectiles, incendiary
bombs or incendiary grenades, and smoke projectiles or smoke bombs
fuzed or unfuzed and containing expelling charges but without
bursting charges, flash powders in inner units not exceeding 2 ounces
each, flash sheets in interior packages, flash powder or spreader
cartridges containing not over 72 grains of flash powder each (see
§ 173.60 for shipments made as low explosives) and flash
cartridges consisting of a paper cartridge shell, small-arms primer,
and flash composition, not exceeding 180 grains all assembled in one
piece. Fireworks must be in a finished state, exclusive of mere
ornamentation, as supplied to the retail trade and must be so
constructed and packed that loose pyrotechnic composition will not be
present in packages in transportation.
(e) Jet thrust units (jato), Class B explosives; rocket motors,
Class B explosives; igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class B explosives;
and igniters, rocket motors, Class B explosives:
(1) Jet thrust units (jato), Class B explosives, are metal cylinders
containing a mixture of chemicals capable of burning rapidly and
producing considerable pressure. Jet thrust units are designed
to be ignited by an electric igniter. They are used to assist
aeroplanes to take off.
(2) Rocket motor, Class B explosives, is a device containing a
propelling charge and consisting of one or more continuous type
combustion unit(s), closed at one end (closure may be an igniter
with a thrust plate) and with a nozzle(s) at the other end. The
propelling charge consists of a mixture of chemicals and/or
chemical compounds which when ignited is capable of burning
rapidly and producing considerable pressure and which will not
sustain a detonation. (The rocket motor carries its own solid
oxidlzer-fuel combination.) Rocket motors, Class B explosives,
should be nonpropulsive in shipment (see paragraphs (e)(2)(i)
and (ii) of this section). Rocket motors, Class B explosives,
are designed to be ignited by an electrically actuated device
that may be an igniter, or by other means. They are used to
propel and/or provide thrust for guided missiles, rockets, or
spacecraft.
3073s
D-9
-------
(i) A rocket -motor to be considered "nonpropulsive" must be
capable of unrestrained burning and will not move appreciably
in any direction when ignited by any means. Blast
deflectors, thrust neutralizers, or other similar devices
must be proven by test prior to authorization for use.
(ii) Rocket motors, Class B explosives, may be shipped in a
propulsive state only under conditions approved by the
Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
(3) Igniters, jet thrust (jato), Class B explosives, and
igniters, rocket motor, Class B explosives, are devices
consisting of an electrically operated or remotely controlled
ignition element and a fast burning composition which
functions by rapid burning rather than detonation, assembled
in a unit for use in igniting the propelling charge of jet
thrust units, rocket motors, or rocket engines.
(f) Propellant explosives, Class B, are solid or liquid chemicals or
chemical mixtures that function by combustion. The combustion is
controlled by composition, size, form of grain, or other chemical or
mechanical means. Any propellant is Class B that fails to detonate
in five trials when tested (see Note 2) in the package in which it is
offered for shipment. Propellant explosives, Class B, include
smokeless powder for small arms (see Note 4), smokeless powder for
cannon, liquid monopropellant fuel (see Note 3), smokeless powder, or
solid propellant explosives for rockets, jet thrust units, or other
devices. Black powder is not included in this classification and is
defined specifically in §173.53.
(g) Explosives power devices, Class B, are devices designed to
operate ejecting apparatus or other mechanisms by means of a
propellant explosive, Class B, and differ from explosive power
devices, Class C, in that they contain larger or more powerful
propellants. The devices must not rupture on functioning and must be
of a type examined by the Bureau of Explosives a"d approved by the
Director, OHMT, except as otherwise provided in §173.51(b) and
§173.86(a).
Bote 1: Pire-extinguisher charge* containing not to axcaad 50 grains of propellant
explosives par unit ara axaapt tram tha regulations in Part* 170-189 of this
chapter.
Rota 2: In conducting tha test, ana prop#11ant container shall be surrounded tor inert
loaded container* of tha »mm weight, including ana inert container placed on top
at tha propellent container. Tha propellant ahall ha ignited by swans of a
ooanercial alactric squib placed within 4 inches of tha bottca of tha container.
Tha presence of a cratar and absence of flaae shall ha considered as evidences of
detonation.
D-10
3073g
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Hot* 3: A liquid Booopropallant fuel is defined as any propellant in which tha fual and
tha axidirar are physically or chemically coriiimd in ana Com.
Iota 4: Smokeless powder for mil ITU in quantities not to exceed 100 pomdi nat weight
in ana car or aotor vehicle, except shipments by, for, or to tha Deportment of
tha Aatf, levy, or Air Force of tha United States Government, shall ba classed as
a flaaaabla solid for purposes of transportation when packaged in accordance with
§ 173.197a.
(h) Starter cartridges, jet engine, Class B explosives, consist of
plastic and/or rubber cases, each containing a pressed cylindrical
block of propellant explosive and having in the top of the case a
small compartment that encloses an electrical squib, small amounts of
black powder, and smokeless powder, which constitutes an igniter.
The starter cartridge is used to activate a mechanical starter for
jet engines.
(i) Rocket engine (liquid), Class B explosives, is a complete,
self-contained rocket propulsion unit that contains an oxidizer and a
fuel, each separated by an aluminum or stainless steel wall of not
less than 0.250-inch thickness. Double walls are permitted.
Pressurization of the propellant tanks is by use of a gas generator.
The ignition source must be in an unarmed position for shipment.
Rocket engines (liquid) are used to propel or provide thrust for
rockets, missiles, or spacecraft.
3073g
D-11
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APPENDIX E
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION, INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS,
AND ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH
WASTES CONTAINING P AND U
REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
3073g
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TABLE E-1 CHEMICAL STRUCTURES FOR REACTIVE P AND U
LISTING CONSTITUENTS
Waste code
Chemical
constituent
Structure
Molecular
weight
P006
Aluminum phosphide
Al—P
58.0
NOj,. ONH4 .NOz
P009
P015
P056
Ammonium picrate
Beryllium dust
Fluorine
NOj,
Be
246.1
9.0
38.0
P068
P073
Methyl hydrazine
Nickel carbonyi
H
I
CH3—N—NH2
C
II
OsCsNlsCsO
II
C
46.1
170.7
P081
P087
Nitroglycerin
Osmium tetroxide
CH2—ONOj
I
CH—ONO,
|
CHj—ONOj
ObC4
227.1
254.2
P096
P1 05
Phosphlne
Sodium azide
HSP,H
I
H
Na-N-NBN
34.0
65.0
E-1
-------
TABLE E-1 (CONTINUED)
Waste code
Chemical
constituent
Structure
Molecular
weight
P112
Tet ran itrom ethane
NO,
I
NOz— C— NO,
I
NOa
196.0
P122/U249
Zinc Phosphide
Zn3P;
3~2
258.1
U023
Benzotrichloride
ecu
195.5
U086
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
H H
I I
CzHg—N—N—CjH5
88.2
U096
a,a-Dimethylbenzyl-
hydroperoxide
ch3
CH,—C—O—O—H
152.1
U098
U099
1,1-Dimethylhydrazlne
1,2-Dimethylhydrazlne
ch3
ch3—n—nh2
H H.
I I
CH3—N—N—CH3
60.1
60.1
U1 03
Dimethyl Sulfate
o
II
ch3o—s—och3
II
o
1 26.1
U109
Diphenylhydrazine
N—NH2
184.2
E-2
-------
TABLE E-1 (CONTINUED)
Chemical Molecular
Waste code constituent Structure weight
U133 Hydrazine HjN—nh2 32.1
U1 34 Hydrogen Fluoride h—f 20.1
U135 Hydrogen Sulfide H—s 34.1
U160 Methyl Ethyl K.ton, ch^-c-o-o-ch, 88 0
Peroxide 3 2 3
U189 Phosphorus Sulfide P2S5 2 22.3
E-3
-------
TABLE E-2 P AND U WASTES CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
WASTE
PERCENT
PERCENT
COOE
WASTE DESCRIPTION
SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION
QUANTITY
SOLOS
WATER
CONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN PERCENTAGE LEVELS
P006(MIXE0)
Cauetlc eolutton wth mstalstcyanidee
Waataaatar treatment
20 T
P
P
Cd(MO*),A» t cmpde.NOS(1-10%l. Cyantdes,NOS<1-10%)
POO0(MtXED|
Mhed tab pacfca/errpty containers
Laboratory waaiaa/clssnup ol residues
10 T
DK
DK
N
P015
Metal ecaiaJMnge or scrap
Sbawductlan
IT
NO
ND
N
P018
Other "ikf aahjlag or ttienmi reakWmetai Kate, or scrap
Othar waate production proosss/cotTbusllon pfocseaes
24(3
90
0
BeryHum & OTpds,NOS( 10-25%)
P015
IMal seals.Mngs or scrap
Other procaaa
1200
90
NA
Be(75-90%).Cu(1-10%}.NI(1-10%),Zn(1-10*)
PD16
Other ratal taHsfchemlcale
Laboratory arm Ms Moulding ot olHpoc itatartal
0
90
0
Be<>90%)
P01S(MIXE0>
Metal acafeMngsor scrap
Physical Knplngfrimovhg
3 T
00
1
Ba(1-10%)
P015(MIXEO|
So* a>ntan»ntad«*hoiganfcaonl)irreaalve cyanide chemicals Dtacardkioolout-d-itats products or chemicals
2T
90
DK
N
P015(MIXED>
Mfcad lab packs
Other pmraaa
8000 Q
20
20
N
PO1S0MXEO)
Uaul acafeMngs or acrap
Stzenduction
2170
96
DK
Be(1-10%).Pt><1-10K).Cyanidaa(O.M%)
POM
Inoiganicgaeae
Other unmated waste
Dtacanang ol od-d-dats pioduda ot cftsmlcdt
1 T
0
0
Fluortne(>90K)
P0S6dde(>SO%)
P067
Other metal safcsfchemicale
Discardkig d out-d-dwe products or chenfealt
NO
90
NA
Osmium tetroxide(>0O%)
PO07
Othar mstalsakafchemlcala
Laboratory waetaa/dtacaiidkigdort-oMale chemicals
10
00
0
Osmium te(roxWe<>90%)
PO07
Concentrated 00-apec or dlacafdad product
Laboialorywaslaa/dtacardlngdod-d-date chemicals
Uboratory mataa
IT
OK
OK
Osmium tetroxide(500PPM-0.1%)
P087(MIXED|
Uhed tab pacta
500
05
4
Osmium tetroxide(0.1-1%).Phend(0.1-1%).AnMr)e(0.1-1X)
P087(MIXED)
Ukad tab pacta
Laboratory waetea/ dtacaidlng ol out-d-data chemfcats
IT
P
P
N
P087(MDCED)
Ub pacta ot old chentcata only
Laboratory aostss
IT
P
P
N
P10S
Concentrated off-epec or tRacaided product
Otacatdkig dout-ot-date products or cliartfcals
IT
DK
DK
N
P105
Other (natal aafca/chamlcale
Discarding d out-d-data products or chemicals
IT
NA
DK
N
P105
Other waste kmganle chanticata
Discardkig dout-ot-date products or chemicals
IT
00
0
N
P10S
Othar laactlwa aala/chenfcds
Uboratory waataa/dtacaidlng d out-oMlala chemicals
IT
00
0
N
P10S
Concentrated ott-apac or dtecardad product
Uboratory ws«lssrdtacanllngdod-d-dato chemicals
IT
OK
90
N
P105(MIXED)
Caustic aofn artnataUcyanidee
Laboratory waataa
110Q
DK
OK
N
P10S (MIXED)
Aqueous waste wfow othar tadc organlca
DittBaiion and fractionation
1410000 T
8
90
N
P10S (MIXED)
Sedknant or lagoon dragout contaminated arithotganice
DecMatbnftedknantatton
104 T
40
10
N
P10S(MIXED)
ContantialedoH-apec or dlacaidad product
Dtacaidkig d out-ol-dala products or diemicak
NO
00
OK
N
P1O590%)
U023
Hatogsnaed advent
Uboratory aoMaa/ dtacatdlng d out-ol-data chemicals
20
0
0
Benzo»richOfbe<>80%)
U023
Aquaoua waste ariow othar tadc organlca
Ctsanup of qpA tBtiduM
1487450
5
96
N
UQ23(M!XEDf
ConL Sol or daanup naldua
Ciaanupdaparaaiduae
IT
90
0
N
UOB6S0%)
UO90
Nonhatogenatad advent
Laboratory wastaa/dtacaidlng d out-d-data chemicals
8 G
0
0
1,1-Dimethyk90%)
U086
Wastewater or aquaoua mbdura
Other waste production prooaea
44 T
0
05
1.1-Oimethylhydrazine(0.1-1%).Mathanol(1-10%)
UOOB
Ottnf ofjfric
Uboratory wastaa
10
0
0
1,2-Dlmethythydrazlne( 10-25%)
uioa
Spent add w/metala
Othar proceea
16300 0
NO
NO
N
U103
Nonhatogenatad aolvant
Laboratory wastee/dtacaidlng d out-d-dato chemkatie
io
0
0
Dknathyf auHate(>0O%)
U103(MIXHO)
Spent add nrtnetals
Dip rindngMactraplating
110G
3
45
N
U109
Ub packed old chemicals only
Laboratory mHaa/dtacaidlng d od-d-data chemicals
IO
00
0
1 ^-Olpheriylhydrazine(>90%)
U133
Reactive or potymerizabie organic liquid/organic gasaa
Discarding ol oH-apac malarial
1 T
NA
DK
N
U133
Other organic liquid
Discarding d out-d-data products or chemicals
220 G
0
40
Hydrazlne(25-50%)
-------
TABLE E-2 PANDU WASTES CONTAINING REACTIVE LISTING CONSTITUENTS
WASTE PERCENT PERCENT
COOE WASTE DESCRPT10N SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION QUANTITY SOLOS WATER CONSTfTUENTS PRESENT M PERCENTAGE LEVELS
U133
U133
U133(MIXED)
U133(MIXED)
U133(MtXEO|
U133(MIXED)
U133(MtXED)
U133 (MIXED)
U133(MtXE0)
U133(MIXED|
U133 or daanup redduo
Laboratory waataa/ dkcstdkig ot out-of-dala ctmtia*
laboratory waateaf dtacatdkig ot out-ot-diae chamlcala
Diecatdkig otout-ol-gOK)
IT DK DK Hydrazlns(>90W)
1T 0 *0 Hydrazkia(10-2S%)
91T DK DK N
0 DK DK N
0 90 IN
NO 0 0 Hydrazine^ 90%)
52144* T 1 98 Mathanol^aOppnvO.1%).
IT 100 ON
5960 0 65 Hydrazkia(2S-50K)
2 Q 0 86 Hydrazfna(2S-S0%)
«2Q 99 0 Hydrazkia(0.1-1%)
0 NA 16 Hydrazlna(7S-go%)
ST 100 NA N
0 99 OK N
100 Q 0 10 Hydtogan fluorida(2S-S0^
4 T NA NA N
40600 G NA SO N
880 T 0 97 N
132 G DK DK N
1265 G OK DK DK
29710G P P N
300 Q DK DK N
550 Q DK DK Hydrogen lluorUe(2S-5Cn(.)
3400 G P P H
26615 Q 0 96 Hydrogen fluoride* 1-10%)
1B80G P P N
18 G 99 1 Hydrogen Duorlda(S00ppnvO.1%)
19300 Q 0 99 N
1595(3 P P Hydrogen ltuoride{MO%)
180 G 6 62 Hydrogen Ruorlda(>90%)
23000 G 0 74 N
997000 G 1 99 N
3 T NA NA Hydrogenfluorids(1-10%),Ctilorin«ednuorocafbona,NOS(500ppnv0.1%)
2000 G 1 39 N
IT DK OK N
990 G 0 1 N
1ST 99 IN
IT NO NO N
IT NO NO ND
ND 1 98.5 Hydrogen fluorlds(500ppnX>.1%)
1135T 0 DK N
IT DK DK N
9T DK DK N
0 0 ON
224220 T P P N
IT 90 DK N
IT 0 0 Methyl ethyl ketone perox(da(2S-50%)
216000 G 88 10 N
DK - DOKT KNOW
G-GALLONS
N • NONE LISTED
NA-NOT AVAILABLE
NO-NO DATA
P-PRESENT
T-TONS
REFERENCE: USEPA 1966e
-------
2772g-l
Table E-3 generation Information for Reactive U and P
Wastes According to the 1986 TSDR Survey
Haste code
EPA Region State SIC codes
Industry
Volume
P006-AluRinuM phosphide
P009-AniKHiiian picrate
P015-Beryllium dust
IV
SC
3731/9711 Ship building and repairing/
National security
0.5T
II
III
IV
V
VI
VIII
IX
P056-Fluorine
P068-Methyl hydrazine
P073-Nickel carbonyl
P081-Nitroglycerin
II
III
V
VI
III
NT
HO
VA
FL
SC
OH
TX
CO
CA
HA
KJ
DE
HI
NN
DE
7301
3764 Space propulsion units and parts
9711 National security
9199/9711/ General government/national
3471/3721 Security/plating and polishing/
Aircraft
3731/9711 Ship building and repairing/
national security
3641 Electric lamps
3483/2892 Ammunition, except for small
arm/explosives
3761/3764/ Guided missiles and space
7391/3769 vehicles/space propulsion units
and parts research and development
laboratories/space vehicle equipment
3679/9661/ Electronic components/space
2999 research and techno logy/pet ro lew
and coal products
3629/3832/ Electrical industrial apparatus/
3671/3693 optical instruments and lenses/
electron tubes, receiving type/
x-ray apparatus and tubes
3761 Guided missiles and space vehicles
3699 Electrical equipment and supplies
9711/8922/ National security/nonccewercial
4911/1541 research organizations/electric
services/industrial buildings and
warehouses
2869/2833 Industrial organic chemicals/
medicinal* and botanicals
2800 General chnical manufacturing
2800/2869 General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
9661 Space research and technology
2800 General chemical manufacturing
3.0G
24.0G
1.0T
1.0T
3.0T
1.0P
8.0T
660.06, 18.0T
1.0T
27. OT
1.06
1608.06
1.0T
1.0T
831.OP
1.0G
30,0006
1.0P
E-6
-------
2772g-2
Table E-3. (Continued)
Haste code
EPA Region State SIC codes
Industry
Volu
P087-0smiun tetroxide
III
IV
V
VI
VIII
DE 2800 General chemical manufacturing
PA 2647/2611 Sanitary paper products/pulp
¦ills
NC 9199 General goverrmient
1L 8221/2800/ Colleges and universities/
8071/2833 general chemical manufacturing/
medical laboratories/medicinals
and botanicals
OH 7391 Research and development
WI 2800/2869 General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
TX B062/8071 General medical and surgical
hospitals/medical laboratories
HO 8221/8062 Colleges and universities/general
medical and surgical hospitals
1.5P
1.0P
1.0T
161.06
1.0G
1.06
64.OP
1.0T
P096-Phosphine
V NN 8922/9199 Noncanaercial research organiza- 1.0G
tions/genera 1 government
VI WI 2800/2869 General chemical manufacturing/ 1.06
industrial organic chemicals
P105-Sodiimi azide
I
II
CT
NJ
III
IV
V
VI
NY
0E
PA
NC
OH
WI
NO
2834
2869/2819
2800/2821/
2869/2899
2834
2899/2819/
2869
2834/2831
2800
2899
2800
2833/2379
9199
2879/2869/
2816/2819
2800/2869
2869/2892/
8911/3662
Industrial organic chemicals/ 1.0T
industrial organic chemicals
General chemical manufacturing/ 1.0T
plastic materials and resins/
industrial organic chemicals/
chemical preparations
Pharmaceutical preparations 1.0T
Chemical preparations/industrial 1.0T
inorganic chemicals/industrial
organic chemicals/chemical
preparat ions
Pharmaceutical preparations/ 1.0T
biological products
General chemical manufacturing 1.0T
Chemical preparations 1.0T
General chemical manufacturing 61.0T
Medici rials and botanicals/ 2.0G
agricultural chemicals
General government 1.0T
Agricultural chemicals/ 10.OP
industrial organic chemicals/
inorganic pigments/industrial
inorganic chemicals
General chemical manufacturing/ 1.0G
industrial organic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals/ 1.0T
explosives/engineering and
E-7
-------
2772g-3
Table E-3 (Continued)
Waste code
EPA Region
State
SIC codes
Industry
Volune
P105-(continued)
architectural services/radio and
TV comaunlcat ion equipment
VI
NO
8221/8062
Colleges and universities/
1.0T
general medical and surgical
hospitals
TX
8062/8071
General medical and surgical
77. OP
hospitals/medical laboratories
X
WA
9711/8922/
National security/noncommercial
5.OP
4911/1541
research organizations/electric
services/industrial buildings and
warehouses
P112-Tetranitromethane
P122-Z1nc phosphide (>10X)
V
OH
3641
Electric latins
1.0P
U0Z3-Benzotrich1oride
II
NY
2800/2812
6eneral chemical manufacturing/
626.OT
2819/2869
alkalies and chlorine/industrial
inorganic chemicals/industrial
organic chemicals
U086-N,N-Diethylhydraz ine
V
WI
2800/2869
General chemical manufacturing/
1.06
industrial organic chemicals
U096-a,a-Dimethy1(benzy1
hydroperoxide)
U098-l.l~0imethylhydrazine
II
NJ
2899/2819/
Chemical preparations/industrial
1.0T
2869
inorganic chemicals/industrial
organic chemicals
V
OH
7391
Research and development
1.0G
laboratories
VI
2800/2869
General chemical manufacturing/
1.0G
industrial organic chemicals
U099-1.2-D imethylhydraz ine
U103-DiMethyl sulfate
I
MA
4226/4959/
Special warehousing and storage/
12.06
2899
sanitary services/chemical
preparation
II
NY
7301
2.0G
111
OE
2800
Genera) chemical manufacturing
1.0P
IV
NC
9199
General government
1.0G
V
WI
2800/2869
6eneral chemical manufacturing/
1.0G
Industrial organic chemicals
E-8
-------
2772g-4
Table E-3 (Continued)
Waste code
EPA Region State SIC codes
Industry
Volu
U109-1,2-Diphenylhydrazine V
HI 2869/2879 Industrial organic chemicals/ 5.0T
agricultural chemicals
WI 2800/2869 General chemical manufacturing/ I.06
industrial organic chemicals
U133-hydrazine
II
III
IV
VI
VIII
CT
HA
NJ
DE
FL
HC
SC
OH
WI
U
TX
CO
CO
IX
CA
WA
2834 Pharmaceutical preparations
4226/4959/ Special warehousing and storage/
2899 sanitary services/chemical
preparat ions
7391 Research and development
laboratories
2800 General chemical manufacturing
9661 Space research and technology
9199 General government
3731 Ship building and repairing
7391 Research and development
laboratories
2800/2869 General chemical manufacturing/
industrial organic chemicals
2869/2843/ Industrial organic chemicals/
2899/2841 surface active agents/chemical
preparations/soap and other
detergents
2869/2819 Industrial organic chemicals/
industrial inorganic chemicals
8062/8071 General medical and surgical
hospitals/medical laboratories
9711/3499 National security/fabricated
metal products
3761/3764/ Guided missiles and space vehicles/
7391/3769 space propulsion units and parts/
research and development
laboratories/spac vehicle
equipment
3679/9661/ Electronic co^mnents/space
2999 research and technology/
petrol etas and coal products
9711/3731 National security/ship building
9711/8922/ National security/noncoanercial
4911/1541 research organizations/electric
services/Industrial buildings
and warehouses
2.0T
55.06
1.0G
17.OP
18.5T
1.0G
2.0T
5.0G
110.06
26.06
4.0T
28.OP
1.06
22.0T
1.0T
1.0T
446.OP
E-9
-------
2772g-5
Table E-3 (Continued)
Uaste code
EPA Region State SIC codes
Industry
Valine
U134-hydrogen fluoride
IX
III
V
VIII
V
III
CA 3629/3832 Electrical industrial apparatus/
3671/3693 Optical instrunents and lenses/
electron tubes, receiving type
X-ray apparatus and tubes
3999 Manufacturing industries
3674 Semiconductors and related devices
2800 General chemical manufacturing
3674/3651/ Soniconductors and related
3471/3469 devices/radio and TV receiving
sets/electron tubes, receiving
type/metal stampings
4226/4959 Special warehousing and storage/
2899 Sanitary services/chemical
preparations
2821/2641/ Plastics, materials and resins/
3861/2851 paper coating and glazing/
photographic equipment and
Supplies/paints and allied
products
HT 2911 Petroleun refining
OH 9711/3721 National security/aircraft
7391 research and development
laboratories
3229/3471 Pressed and blown glass/
Plating and polishing
3641 Electric lamps
PA 2819/2873 Adhesives and sealants/
2869 Nitrogenous fertilizers
Industrial organic chemicals
OE
IN
MA
KN
41006
57T/35006
527T
8. OP
44670T
556
1265G
3.0T
1.0T
1.0G
4,800,006
1.0P
55. OG
U134-hydrogen fluoride
VI
TX
MA
VI
2869/2821
2899
9711/8922
4911/1541
2800/2869
Industrial organic chemicals/ 15.06
plastics, materials and resins/
Chemical preparations
National security/nonconmercial 67.OP
research organizations/electric
services/industrial buildings and
warehouses
6eneral chemical manufacturing/ 1.06
industrial organic chemicals
E-10
-------
2772g-6
Table E-3 (Continued)
Waste code
EPA Region State SIC codes
Industry
Volune
U135-Hydrogen sulfide
11160-Hethyl Ethyl ketone
peroxide
III
IV
IX
II
IV
V
VI
IX
X
U186-1,3-Pentadiene
(J189-Phosphorus sulfide V
VI
VII
X
U249-Zinc phosphide (
-------
2772g-7
Table E-4 Analytical Problems Associated with the Listing
Constituents for Reactive P and U Waste Codes
Chemical CAS no. Reasons for analytical problems
POOS -
Alininum phosphide
20859738
5
P009 -
Amman if picrate
131748
3
P056 -
Fluorine
7782414
5
P068 -
Methyl hydrazine
60344
5
P073 -
Nickel carbonyl
13463393
5
P081 -
Nitroglycerine
55630
2
P087 -
Osmium tetroxide
20816120
1
P096 -
Phosphine
7803512
3
PI 05 -
Sodium azide
26628228
3
P107 -
Strontium sulfide
1314961
1
PI 12 -
Tetranitromethane
509148
5
PI22 -
Zinc phosphide (>10%)
1314847
5
U023 -
Benzotr ichlor ide
98077
5
U086 -
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
1615801
4
U096 -
a,a-Dimethylbenzyhydroperox ide
80159
3
U098 -
1,1-Dimethylhydraz ine
57147
5
1)099 -
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
540738
5
U103 -
Dimethyl sulfate
77781
5
U133 -
Hydrazine
302012
3
U134 -
Hydrogen fluoride
7664393
5
U135 -
Hydrogen sulfide
7783064
5
U160 -
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
1338234
5
U186 -
1,3-pentadiene
504609
3
U189 -
Phosphoric sulfide
1314803
2
U249 -
Zinc phosphide (<10X)
1314847
5
1. This constituent can be analyzed for the metal but not the inorganic compounds. It is the compound that gives the
waste its reactive characteristic; therefore, EPA believes that a nunerical standard based on metal content of the
residuals may not control the reactive characteristic of the waste.
2. Only high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques have been identified for analysis of this
constituent. This method. SW-864 Method 6310, is used to determine the concentration of certain polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ground water and wastes. Use of this method presupposes a high expectation of
finding the specific coapounds of interest; if this method is used to screen samples for any or all of the
applicable PAHs listed under the method, the analyst must develop protocols to verify the identity of those
constituents. This inability to positively identify chemicals in a complex matrix is typical of methods that
employ HPLC and limits the usefulness of such methods when analyzing ccs^lex samples containing unknown
constituents.
3. The Agency knows of no methods that are available for analysis of this constituent.
4. Standards are not readily available for this constituent. Analytical standards are chemical compounds of
guaranteed purity that can be used for calibrating instruments and checking the accuracy of the data. The Agency
considers analytical standards for a constituent to be commercially unavailable if no chemical manufacturer or
other supply sources will sell reasonably pure samples of that constituent to analytical laboratories. Without
using a standard for a particular constituent, the analyst cannot ascertain that the analytical results for that
constituent are reproducible. If the results are not reliable and reproducible, the ensuing ntaoerical treatment
standards are fallible and unenforceable.
5. This constituent decomposes in or reacts with water. When placed in water, some constituents separate into ions,
while others decompose or react with the water. Such constituents are considered unstable in water. This
instability inhibits or even prevents the direct measure of a constituent's concentration in aqueous wastes,
treatment residues, and leaching solutions fro* such wastes.
Reference: Alchowiak 1989.
E-l 2
-------
APPENDIX F
CARBON ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE DATA
-------
The purpose of this appendix is to discuss the applicability of
carbon adsorption to wastewaters containing reactive listing
constituents. The discussion is subdivided by waste type so that the
reader can readily understand the types of reactive wastes to which this
technology is applicable.
Carbon adsorption is generally applicable to organic compounds
containing one or more polar groups. The following are the major classes
of compounds for which applicability can be readily established (Hutton
1981). Table F-l shows the amenability of typical organic compounds to
activated carbon adsorption.
1. Amines and Aminic-Like Compounds
A considerable volume of information exists on the removal of ammonia
and amines from wastewaters. Reactive constituents containing amino
(NH2, NH or N) groups should behave similarly to the amines already
studied, such as dipropylamine and aniline. Compounds containing N^,
NH, or N groups among the reactive wastes are as follows:
• Methyl hydrazine (P068)
• N N diethyl hydrazine (U086)
• 1,1 diethyl hydrazine (U098)
• 1,2 diethyl hydrazine (U099)
• 1,2 diphenyl hydrazine (U109)
• Hydrazine (U133)
For aromatic hydrazines, comparisons should be made with aniline.
Di-n-propylamine should be used as a surrogate or the alkylamines and
ammonia should be used as a surrogate for free hydrazine.
2. Nitrated Compounds
A very large volume of information exists on the removal of nitrated
phenols, aromatics, and aliphates from wastewater using activated
F-l
3073(
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carbon. Compounds containing nitro groups, which are reactive waste
constituents, are as follows:
• Ammonium picrate (P009), which is ammonium salt or
trinitrophenol (the dinitrophenols have been extensively studied)
• Tetranitromethane (PI12)
Nitrate esters (i.e., nitroglycerin (P081)) are known to be treatable
by carbon adsorption. The listed waste, K045, is spent carbon for
treatment of wastewaters from production of nitrate ester and other
nitrated explosives.
3. Other Polar Compounds
Acid, ester, ketone, and alcohol compounds removed from wastewater
using activated carbon have been studied extensively (Belfort 1981). The
following reactive wastes fit into one or more of these compound classes:
• Dimethyl sulfate (U103) is an ester.
• Dimethyl benzyl hydroperoxide (U096) and methyl ethyl ketone
peroxide (U160) are both organo peroxides, which are structurally
similar to alcohols.
3073s
F-2
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Table F~1 Amenability of Typical Organic Compounds to Activated Carbon Adsorption
Compound
Concentration
Adsorbabilitv
Molecular Aqueous
weight solubility Initial (CQ) Final (Cg)
g Compound/
g Carbon
Percent
reduction
Alcoho^
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
n-Amyl alcohol
n-Bizonol
32.0
<•6.1
60.1
74.1
88.2
102.2
7.7
1.7
0.58
1.000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
964
901
811
466
282
45
0.007
0.020
0.038
0. 107
0.155
0.191
3.6
10.0
18. 9
53.4
71.8
95.5
Isopropanol 60.1
Allyl alcohol 58.1
Isobutanol 74.1
t-Butanol 74.1
2-Ethyl butanol 102.2
2-Ethyl hexanol 130.2
8.5
0.43
0.07
1,000
1,010
1,000
1.Q00
1,000
700
874
789
581
705
145
10
0.025
0.024
0.084
0.059
0.170
0.138
12.6
21.9
41.9
29.5
85. 5
98.5
Amines
Di-N-Propylamine 101.2
Butylamine 73.1
Di-N-Butylamine 129.3
Allylamina 57.1
Ethylenediamme 60.1
Diethylenetriamine 103.2
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
198
480
130
686
893
706
0.174
0.103
0.174
0.063
0.021
0.062
80.2
52.0
87. 0
31.4
10. 7
29.4
Diathanolamine 105.3
Triethanolamine 149.1
Honoisopropanolamine 75.1
Diisopropanolamine 133.2
95.4
87
996
1,000
1,000
1,000
722
670
800
543
0.057
0.067
0.040
0.091
27.5
33.0
20.0
45.7
Aromatlca
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl benzene
Phenol
Hydroquinone
Aniline
Styrene
Nitrobanzene
78.1
92.1
106.2
94
110.1
93.1
104.2
123.1
0.07
0.047
0.02
6.7
6.0
3.4
0.03
0.19
416
317
115
1,000
1,000
1,000
180
1.023
21
66
18
194
167
251
18
44
0.080
0.050
0.019
0.161
0.167
0.150
0.028
0.196
95.0
79.2
84.3
80.6
83.3
74.9
-88.8
95.6
F-3
3073g
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Table F-l (continued)
Compound
Concentration
Molecular Aqueoui g Compound/ Percent
weight Solubility Initial (CQ) Final (Cg) g Carbon reduction
Esters
Methyl acetate 74.1
Ethyl acetate 8S.1
Propyl acetate 102.1
Butyl acetate 116.2
Primary amyl acetate 130.2
31.9
0.7
2
0.66
0.2
1,030
1,000
1,000
1,000
98S
760
495
248
154
119
0.054
0.100
0.149
0.169
0.175
26.2
SO. 5
75.2
84.6
88.0
Iaopropyl acetate 102.1
Iaobutyl acetate 116.2
Vinyl acatata
2.9
0.63
1,000
1,000
319
180
0.137
0.164
68.1
82.0
Ethylene glycol mono-
ehtyl ether acetate 132.2
Ethyl aerylate 100.1
Butyl aerylate 128.2
22.9
2.0
0.2
1,000
1,015
1,000
342
226
43
0.132
0.157
0.193
65.8
77.7
95.9
Ketonej
Acetone 58.1
Methyl ethyl ketone 72.1
Mathyl propyl ketone 86.1
Methyl butyl ketone 100.2
26.8
4.3
v.al.aol.
1,000
1,000
1,000
986
782
532
305
191
0.043
0.0B4
0.139
0.159
21.8
46.8
69.5
80.7
Methyl iaobutyl ketone 100.2
Mathyl isoanyl ketone 114.2
Oiiaobutyl ketone 142.2
Cyclohexanone 08.2
Acetophenone 120.1
Iaophorotie 138.2
1.9
0.54
0.05
2.5
0.55
1.2
1,000
986
300
1,000
1,000
1,000
152
146
nil
332
28
34
0.169
0.169
0.060
0.134
0.194
0.193
84.8
85.2
100.0
66.8
97.2
98.6
9r«ml9 Atldt
Formic acid
Acetic acid
Propionic acid
Butyric acid
Valeric acid
Caproie acid
Acrylic aeid
Benzoic acid
46.0
60.1
74.1
88.1
102.1/
116.2
72.1
122.1
2.4
1.1
0.29
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
765
760
674
405
203
30
355
89
0.047
0.048
0.065
0.119
0.159
0.194
0.129
0.183
23.5
24.0
32.6
59.5
79.7
97.0
64.5
91.1
Reference: Qinati 1974.
F-4
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