INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND WATER QUALITY SURVEY
PIGEON RIVER, TN
Environmental Protection Agency
Region IV
Surveillance and Analysis Division
Athens, Georgia
1974
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INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND WATER QUALITY SURVEY
PIGEON RIVER, TN
£ A \
IS&j
Environmental Protection Agency
Region IV
Surveillance and Analysis Division
Athens, Georgia
1974
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This report was prepared under the direction and supervision of
Dr. David W. Hill, Chief, Special Studies Branch, Region IV, Environ-
mental Protection Agency. Mr. William R. Davis served as study director
for the planning and conduct of the field survey and as principal author
of this report. Participating EPA personnel are stationed in Athens,
Georgia, as part of the Surveillance and Analysis Division under the
direction of Mr. John A. Little, Region IV.
Special contributions to this report were as follows:
Charles Sweatt - Dye Study
Herbert Barden - Microbiology
Tom Barnwell, Jr. - Computer Simulations
i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page No.
INTRODUCTION X
SUMMARY 3
RECOMMENDATIONS 7
STUDY AREA 9
PRESENT WATER USES 13
PREVIOUS STUDIES 15
STUDY METHODS 17
GENERAL 19
WATER QUALITY 17
INDUSTRIAL WASTE 17
WASTE SOURCE RESULTS 19
NEWPORT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT 19
NEWPORT INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 23
STOKELY-VAN CAMP, INC 25
HEYWOOD-WAKEFIELD CO 29
SONOCO PRODUCTS 33
CHEMETRON CORPORATION 37
A. C. LAWRENCE LEATHER CO 41
PIGEON RIVER WATER QUALITY 45
FLOW 45
TEMPERATURE 45
DISSOLVED OXYGEN 46
COLOR •••#¦¦(•» 46
11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)
Title Page No.
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS - BOD c; AND COD 49
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS 51
IRON AMD MANGANESE. . , 52
CHROMIUM , 52
METAL SCAN 52
pH, CONDUCTIVITY AND RESIDUE 53
MISCELLANEOUS ANALYSES 53
Sulfate 53
Phenol 53
DYE STUDY 54
BACTERIOLOGICAL 56
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS 61
REFERENCES 67
APPENDIX A - SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS 69
APPENDIX B - SUMMARY OF WATER AND WASTEWATER QUALITY DATA 73
APPENDIX C - ANALYTICAL METHODS . 95
APPENDIX D - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IDENTIFIED 99
APPENDIX E - METALS IDENTIFIED 103
APPENDIX F - TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA 105
APPENDIX G - PERSONNEL ROSTER. . 115
ill
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LIST OF TABLES
No. Title Page
1 Stokely-Van Gamp Wastewater Characteristics 28
2 Pigeon River Dissolved Oxygen Saturation Percentages . , . .
3 Summary of Coliform Data in the Pigeon River, French Broad
River, Sinking Creek and Cosby Creeks, Tennessee, June 1973 57
4 Summary of Newport, TN, Municipal and Industrial Coliform
Date 59
iv
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No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
LIST OF FIGURES
Title Page
Location Map 2
Industrial Waste Sources Map 11
Chlorine Contact Chamber - Newport Sewage Treatment Plant. . . 21
Newport Industrial Products STP and Oil Skimmer 24
Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. Discharge Point 26
Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. Solid Removal System 26
Heywood-Wakefield Company Overflow from Process Waste
Discharges .*30
Heywood-Wakefield Company Discharge to Drainage Ditch 30
Sonoco Products Final Clairifier 35
Sonoco Products Final Clirifier, Note Turbidity 35
Sonoco Products Discharge Weir Box 35
Pigeon River Color Profile 44
Pigeon River Dissolved Oxygen Profile 47
BOD5 Comparison 1966 and 1973 Studies 50
Pigeon River Dye Study 55
Mean Total and Fecal Densities in the Pigeon River and
Tributaries .50
Pigeon River at Newport, TN, Field Study Data vs Computer . . .62
Pigeon River Dissolved Oxygen Profile Computer Simulation . . .54
v
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1
INTRODUCTION
Personnel from the Surveillance and Analysis Division, Athens, GA,
Region IV, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted an investiga-
tion of waste sources in and near Newport, TN (Figure 1); as well as
water quality studies in the Pigeon River between Waterville Dam and
the French Broad River, and in Sinking Creek between River Mile (R.M.)
2.3 and the confluence with the Pigeon River. The study was made between
June 4 and 8, 1973.
The general objectives for the study were to:
• Characterize and quantitate industrial and municipal waste
discharges entering the Pigeon River or its tributaries in
the Newport, TN, area.
• Provide current background water quality data and to document
effects of waste discharges on the existing water quality of
the Pigeon River.
• Monitor the French Broad River both upstream and downstream
from the Pigeon River. A pre-atudy meeting was held with
staff members of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Board
to assist in developing this study plan.
The cooperation and assistance of the Tennessee Division of
Mater Quality Control and the City of Newport Utilities Board are
gratefully appreciated.
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FIGURE I
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3
SUMMARY
Wastewater discharges in the Newport area are causing degradation
of Pigeon River and Sinking Creek water quality as evidenced by the 1973
EPA study data.
• A. C. Lawrence Company discharges untreated wastewater to the
Pigeon River causing a noticeable increase in color. The com-
pany's waste increased the BOD5 concentration of the river from
an average of 2.2 mg/1 just upstream from the company discharge
to an average of 6.4 mg/1 downstream at the U.S. Highway 25 bridge.
Mean total and fecal coliform densities were 2,200,000/100 ml and
100,000/100 ml, respectively, in the company's two effluent lines.
• Chromium concentrations in the Pigeon River are approaching the
(3)
upper limits (0.05 mg/1) recommended for fish and aquatic life.
Untreated chromium waste from Heywood-Wakefield Company was
causing water quality violations in Sinking Creek.
• Color levels in the Pigeon River were excessive, ranging from
an average of 24 color units near the Waterville Dam, to an
average of 16 near the confluence with the French Broad
River. The color concentration was increased by the A. C.
Lawrence Company discharges to an average of 73 units at
Station PI-4.
• The Newport Sewage Treatment Plant was biologically overloaded
and discharged an average of 182 mg/1 of BOD5 per day. The
discharge also degraded the bacterial water quality of the
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Pigeon River, especially during periods of non-chlorination.
The mean total and fecal coliform densities in the effluent were
640,000/100 ml and 100,000/100 ml respectively.
Chemetron Corporation discharged excessive BOD5 (147 mg/1) and
COD (396 mg/1) to Sinking Creek. Sulfate concentrations in the
treated discharge averaged 1,500 mg/1.
Sonoco Products' effluent was of high quality except for color
which ranged from 60 to 120 color units.
All water quality stations sampled on the Pigeon River had mean
fecal coliform densities greater than 200/100 ml. The state
recreational bacteria water quality standard of a maximum of
1,000 fecal coliforms/100 ml for any single sample was violated
from R.M. 8.4 (Station PI-3) on the Pigeon River to its confluence
with the French Broad River.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations were well above the state water
quality standard of 5 mg/1. The lowest DO value observed on
the stream was 7.8 mg/1 which was at Station PI-7 on June 8;
however, the average DO at this station was 8.1 mg/1.
Based on computer simulations of the Pigeon River, stream stand-
ards can be met or exceeded with the following waste loads:
Source
Flow DO BOD5
fog/1.) fofi/1)
Newport STP
7.00 4.0 20
20
Heywood-Wakefield
0.05 4.0
10
Chemetron
1.50 0.0
60
Sonoco Products
0.93 0.0
90
Newport Industrial Products 0.01 4.0
6
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5
The assumption was made for these simulations that all carbonaceous
wastes from A. C. Lawrence and Stokley-Van Camp will be discharged
to the municipal system. Industrial waste loadings do not neces-
sarily represent recommended or expected levels and in some cases
significant reductions should occur. A Newport STP effluent of 7.0 cfs
containing 4.0 mg/1 of DO and 20.0 mg/1 of BOD5 would not violate
Pigeon River stream standards at the minimum release flow of 38 cfs.
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6
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The Newport Sewage Treatment Plant construction plans should be
Implemented to meet maximum effluent BOD5 concentrations of 20
mg/1 and suspended solids of 35 mg/1.
2. If A. C. Lawrence Leather Company's effluent is discharged separately
to the Pigeon River, the loadings should be limited to the following
concentrations (based on a discharge of 418,000 gpd):
Parameter
mil
Daily Avg.
(lbs/day)
mg/1
Daily Max.
(lbs/day1
BOD5
30
140
86
300
TSS
30
140
86
300
TKN
8.6
30
13
45
Phenols
0.1
0.4
0.17
0.6
The company must reduce the effluent color to meet state standards.
3. Heywood-Wakefield Company should immediately cease discharging
untreated chromium wastes to Sinking Creek. The company' also
should be required to install treatment facilities with effluent
limits of 0.05 mg/1 or 0.2 lbs/day of chromium. In no way should
untreated chromium waste be allowed to infiltrate into the ground-
water.
4. Chemetron Corporation should be required to remove their effluent
from Sinking Creek and to reduce the effluent BOD5 concentration
to 30 mg/1 or 290 lbs/day, and total suspended solids to'30 mg/1
or 290 lbs/day.
5. Additional efforts must be exerted by Champion Paper Company in
Canton, NC, to reduce the color being discharged to the Pigeon River.
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7
STUDY AREA
Newport is situated in the mountainous portion of Eastern
Tennessee, about mid-way between Knoxville, TN, and Asheville, NC,
along U.S. Interstate 40.
The study area (Figure 1) includes the Pigeon River from its
confluence with the French Broad River to the Waterville Dam near the
North Carolina state line and point sources in the Newport area dis-
charging to the Pigeon River or to its tributaries.
The Pigeon River originates in Northwest North Carolina and flows
in a northwesterly direction into Tennessee near Waterville, NC. The
river continues to flow in the same general direction until it joins
the French Broad River near Newport, TN. The river crosses the eastern
slopes of the Smokey Mountains in a spectacular descent which is
characterized by rapids and swiftly moving water fed by many small
mountain streams.
At R.M. 38.0 the Carolina Power and Ligjht Company hydroelectric
dam has created a five-mile long lake. Water from the dam is diverted
through a six-mile long tunnel, passes through the powerhouse and
re-enters the river bed at R.M. 25.0, Some 13 miles of essentially
dry river bed exists between the powerhouse and the dam.
The primary source of wastewater on the Pigeon River is from the
Champion Paper Company some 52 miles upstream from Newport at Canton,
NC. Champion has installed secondary treatment for their wastewater
but its discharge of highly colored water turns the river brown from
the discharge point until it joins the French Broad River. Highly
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8
colored wastewater from the A. C. Lawrence Leather Company and Chemetron
Corporation causes further increases in the color of the water in the
Newport reach of the river. Aesthetically, the brown colored water
makes the river very unappealing.
Sinking Creek (Figure 2) originates on the northern slopes of
English Mountain and meanders through a valley just west of the city
of Newport to its confluence with the Pigeon River at R.M. 3.4. The
creek is a fast flowing, clear stream until it nears Newport where the
stream enters the Pigeon River flood plain. The water quality is
progressively degraded by industrial wastes as the stream moves through
an area of industrial sites.
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FIGURE 2
FB-2
INDUSTRIAL WASTE SOURCES
MAP
LA- 1
A. C. LAWRENCE
LA-2
A. C. LAWRENCE
CH-I
CHEMETRON CORPORATION
HW-I
HEYWOOD - WAKEFIELD COMPANY
SO-I
SONOCO PRODUCTS COMPANY
SO-2
SONOCO PRODUCTS COMPANY
Nl-I
NEWPORT INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
SV-I
STOKELY-VAN CAMP
SV-2
STOKELY-VAN CAMP
NP-I
NEWPORT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Nl-I
so-i a so-2
~
Tennessee
LA-2
LA-1
SCALE IN MILES
1/2 0
INDUSTRIAL WASTE SOURCES
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PRESENT WATER USES
Domestic Raw Water Supply
The Pigeon River is not used by any municipality as a water
supply in the study area.
Industrial Water Supply
The only industrial use of the river in the study area is by the
Carolina Power and Light Company which operates a hydroelectric plant.
Fish and Aquatic Life
The fish life in the lower reach, downstream from U.S. # 411
highway bridge is dominated by rough fish such as carp and suckers.
Largemouth bass and bream are caught upstream from A. C. Lawrence
Company where water quality improves. Since the river is transitional
in nature (from trout to bass) it is not highly productive. A pre-
survey examination of the stream found the major forms of benthic
organisms to be present and in numbers sufficient to indicate a
healthy fish food population.
Recreation
The river presently offers very little in the way of recreation;
some limited swimming was noted. Although the stream is too swift
and too shallow for pleasure boating, white water boating has a high
potential. The scenery along the river from the powerhouse to Newport
is unsurpassed and offers a tremendous potential for camping, hiking
and day activities but the color of the water is a hinderance to such
development. Interstate route 40 has opened this previously inaccessable
area to tourism.
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n
PREVIOUS STUDIES
In July-August 1965 personnel from the Division of Water Supply
and Pollution Control, U.S. Public Health Service, now EPA, conducted
an intensive study of the Pigeon River in North Carolina and Tennessee.
Subsequent reports ^ an<* ^ were released, and some of the conclusions
and findings were:
• "Bacterial pollution endangered the health of persons who may
contact Pigeon River water throughout the 65 miles of river
covered in this study,"^
• Although the dissolved oxygen was reduced to zero below the
first several Inches of the surface in Waterville Lake, the
water entering the river from the powerhouse and for the
remainder of the river to the confluence with the French
Broad River contained an adequate DO concentration to support
a balanced game fish population.
• Color averaged 14 color units upstream from Cantonj increased
to 349 units at R.M, 62. Color in the powerhouse discharge
averaged 120 units. From the powerhouse to Newport, the color
units ranged from 110 to 120. An average of 105 units was
found downstream from Newport at the confluence with the
French Broad River.^
• "Wastes entering the Pigeon River near Newport, Tennessee,
polluted the river and adversely affected the biota. Undesir-
able changes in the biota, especially evident downstream from
the Lawrence Tannery . . ."(1)
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T2
STUDY METHODS
General
A mobile laboratory was located at the city sewage treatment plant
where samples were analyzed for BOD,., acidity, alkalinity, pH, specific
conductance, and total and fecal coliform bacteria. Additional analyses
were done on preserved samples shipped to Athens. Field crews collected
samples, determined flow and measured pH and temperature.
Water Quality
Stream samples were collected from the Pigeon River at selected
points from near the North Carolina border to the confluence with the
French Broad River. Samples were collected from the French Broad River
at a point upstream and downstream from the confluence with the Pigeon
River. Additional stream sampling was conducted on Cosby and Sinking
Creeks (Figures 1 and 2). Samples for chemical analyses were taken at
the one-foot depth while bacteriological samples were collected near
the surface.
Flow measurements were taken in Sinking Creek and a time of travel
study was conducted on the Pigeon River from R.M. 8.4 to its confluence
with the French Broad River using Rhodamine "B" dye.
Industrial Waste
Most of the industrial waste samples were composited over a 24-
hour period by EPA or company equipment; while the others where shorter
work days or small flows warrented, samples were hand composited or
grabbed. Grab samples were taken when special collection or preserva-
tion was needed. Appendix A contains a listing of industrial waste
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dischargers and their locations. Plow measurements were made by EPA
personnel or obtained from company equipment where possible.
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WASTE SOURCE RESULTS
Six industrial, two domestic and one municipal waste sources
discharging to the Pigeon River and its tributaries were investigated
during the EPA study. A summary of the data is listed in Appendix B
while analytical methods used are listed In Appendix C.
NEWPORT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
The Newport sewage treatment plant (STP) was designed for a 3.3
mgd flow and for a population equivalent (PE) of 42,000. The plant
consists of screening and grit removal followed by primary clarifica-
tion, trickling filter, secondary clarification, and post chlorination.
A Zimpro wet-oxidation unit for sludge digestion was installed in 1972.
Discussion of Analytical Data
The flows during the June 1973 study ranged from 1.4 to 2.8 mgd
with an average of 2.1 mgd. The flow is greatly affected by both
storm runoff and the operation of the Stokely-Van Camp plant. Although
the STP is being operated below its hydraulic design capacity, it is
vastly overloaded biologically. Based on a design loading of 42,000 PE
receiving 85 percent removal, the PE in the effluent should be 7,300.
However, during the study, the effluent PE was 19,550.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) concentrations ranged from 148 to
214 mg/1 with an average of 182 mg/1 in the effluent with a loading of
3,320 lbs/day. Total nitrogen concentration averaged 12.4 mg/1 with
over half (6.69 mg/1) being in the form of ammonia. Only an average
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of 0.107 mg/1 was nitrate-nitrite nitrogen. These concentrations show
that little nitrification was occurring.
The effluent Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations were
very high, ranging from 185 to 221 mg/1 with an average of 200 mg/1.
The average loading was 3,660 lbs/day. Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
concentrations averaged 52 mg/1 with an average loading of 950 lbs/day.
Both COD and TOC concentrations are indicative of the excessive organic
matter being received by the plant.
The effluent contained high concentrations of nonfilterable
residue ranging from 42 to 75 mg/1 with an average concentration of
60 mg/1. The average loading of nonfilterable residue was 1,100 lbs/day.
The high concentration of dissolved solids (average of 349 mg/1 with
an average loading of 6,380 lbs/day) reflects the load being discharged
from Stokely-Van Camp. Figure 3 shows the chlorine contact chamber
which was turbid. The turbidity and color of the effluent is the result
of dissolved solids.
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Figure 3
Chlorine Contact Chamber
Newport Sewage Treatment Plant
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NEWPORT INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Newport Industrial Products employs approximately 220 employees
on a three-shift, five-day per week basis in the manufacture of semi-
pneumatic tires. The rubber used in the tires is shipped to the plant
where it is extruded into tubes and molded into tires. All of the
processes within the plant are "dry" in nature and do not produce a
discharge. Wastewater is generated from boiler and cooling tower blow-
down and from oil leakage from pumps and compressors.
The plant has a 5,000 gpd extended aeration treatment facility
which includes disinfection for domestic wastes. Pump leakage is
collected in a sump where it is pumped to a oil skimmer before discharge.
Daily grab samples were collected over a three-day period.
Discussion of Analytical Data
The flow was 0.006 mgd as reported by company records. Figure 4
shows the treatment site and effluent ditch. The effluent ditch inter-
cepts stormwater, treated effluent and water from the oil skimmer.
The sewage treatment plant effluent makes up most of the flow and
was of high quality. The BOD^ of the wastes was only 6.0 mg/1 while
the nonfilterable residue was 21 mg/1. All nutrient concentrations
were well within the limits of a properly operating plant. Two residual
chlorine measurements of 7.5 and 7.0 were made on June 6 and 7, respec-
tively. There was no visible sign of oil either being discharged or
having been discharged in the drainage ditch.
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Figure A
Newport Industrial Products Sewage Treatment
Plant and Oil Skimmer
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STOKELY-VAN CAMP, INC.
The Newport plant of Stokely-Van Camp discharges cooling water to
the Pigeon River and wastewater to the city of Newport sewerage system.
Stokely processes and cans a large variety of vegetables such as pork
and beans, kraut, and turnip greens. The plant is operated year round
with the heaviest canning of vegetables occurring during the summer.
After harvesting, the vegetables are first cleaned to remove dirt,
insects and possible pesticide residues, then sorted to size and maturity,
either by hand or by machines. Some vegetables and fruit operations
require trimming and slicing prior to canning. When vegetables such
as tomatoes are peeled, the process used is to dip into or spray with
a caustic solution. The prepared food is then blanched and canned.
The wastewater treatment system at Stokely consists of pH control
when using caustic solutions and a pre-screening unit which removes
suspended solids prior to discharge to the city sewer. Cooling water
is discharged directly to the Pigeon River. Figures 5 and 6 show the
discharge point to the city sewer and the screening system, respectively.
Discussion of Analytical Data
Stokely Van-Camp does not discharge its process wastewater to the
Pigeon River but it is the largest discharger both in volume and waste
strength to the city sewerage system. A summary of average concentra-
tions and loadings are given in Table 1.
The average flow as reported by the company for June 6-8 was 1.4
mgd. This flow represents 42 percent of the hydraulic load (3.3 mgd)
design fox* the sewage treatment volant.
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Figure 5
Stokely-Van Camp, Inc.
Discharge Point to City
Sewer
Figure 6
Stokely-Van Camp, Inc
Solid Removal System
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Stokely-Van Camp reportedly discharges approximately 0.05 mgd of
uncontarainated cooling water into the Pigeon River. The analytical data
for the cooling water over the three-day period indicated that the water
was essentially city water. The temperature of the water ranged from
30 to 36°C and averaged 32.7°C. A summary of the analytical data may
be found in Appendix B.
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STOKELY-VAN
Parameter
BOD 5
nh3-n
TKN
NO2-NO3-N
P
TOC
Residue Total
Residue Dissolved
Residue Nonfilterable
COD
TABLE 1
CAMP WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
STATION SV-1
Average Concentration Loading
(rcg/D (lb/day)
543 6,420
0.61 7.2
10.8 127.5
0.16 1.9
4.63 54.7
98.3 1,160
1,770 20,950
1,710 20,160
67 791.2
482 5,690
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HEYWOOD-WAKEFIELD COMPANY
The Heywood-Wakefield Company employs approximately 180 persons
in the manufacturing of school furniture. The basic steps include
metal fabrications, metal cleaning, chrome plating and painting.
The wastewater is generated from the plating line where dragout
from the plating and cleaning tanks is carried over to the rinse tanks
which in turn overflow to the floor drains and by gravity to an unlined
pond. The water level in the pond controls the fill rate and any excess
water is by-passed to a ditch in front of the plant (Figure 7). During
the June study, the pipe to the pond was clogged, and most of the flow
was being by-passed to the ditch which eventually discharges to Sinking
Creek (Figure 8). The water flowing down the ditch enters a low area
behind a dike on Chemetron Corporation's property. Chromium concentra-
tions as high as 0.165 mg/1 were found in Sinking Creek at Station PT
2-1. Chromium is probably being concentrated in the mud of the low
area, and concentrations could eventually reach dangerous levels if
the present discharge continues. Grab samples were collected over a
three-day period. Flow was obtained from a 90° V-notch weir installed
in the ditch receiving the by-passed waste.
Discussion of Analytical Data
The wastewater was highly colored and contained concentrations of
chromium which ranged from 82.8 to 100 mg/1 with an average of 90.0 mg/1.
Calculated from the average flow during the study of 0.035 mgd, the
chromium loading was 26.5 lbs/day. Very low concentrations of anions
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Figure 7
Heywood Wakefield Company Overflow From Process Waste
Discharge
Figure 8
Heywood-Wakefield Waste being Discharged to Drainage
Ditch in Front of Plant
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25
such as soluble chromates have been found to be toxic to aquatic life.
Chromium as a cation is also toxic to fish in low concentrations. McKee
and Wolf in Water Quality Criteria list the following concentrations of
chromium that according to documented research would not interfere with
beneficial uses:
• Domestic water supply - 0.05 mg/1
• Stock and wildlife watering - 5.0 mg/1
• Fish - 1.0 mg/1
• Other aquatic life - 0.05 mg/1
The company previously had been discharging untreated wastewater
to a pond which is located near the edge of the company's property and
within a few hundred feet of the Pigeon River. There is very little
possibility that the water would flow directly to the river, since
there is a railroad fill between the two. However, the pond percolated
highly concentrated chromium into the underlying water table.
Nitrate concentrations were 1.33 and 1.23 mg/1 each on June 6
and 7, respectively, but 800 mg/1 was found on June 8. The unusually
high nitrate concentration is typical of batch dump plating operations.
High concentrations in the form of spills or dumps are very detrimental
to receiving streams.
At the time of the i973 study, the Heywood-Wakefield Company was
expanding the existing manufacturing unit, and no Indication was given
that treatment facilities for chromium waste were being designed nor was
any effort being made to prevent the wastewater from entering Sinking
Creek.
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26
SONOCO PRODUCTS
Sonoco discharges treated industrial and sanitary wastes to the
Pigeon River at R.M. 0.8. Waste paper and waste box material are con-
verted to paper stock which is then used to make tubes and cones. The
plant has a 100 ton capacity and was installing another paper machine
during the EPA study.
The waste paper is fed into a tank where water is added to wet the
paper causing separation of the fibers. The slurry is subjected to
cleaning for removal of plastics and other foreign materials. The
wastewater generated from the initial operations is ladden with clay
and dirt. When the fiber is ready to be fed to the paper machine, dyes
and coatings are added to obtain the desired paper. The wastewater
discharged from the paper machine contains mainly fiber fines, fillers
and dissolved solids. Approximately 220 employees work in one of the
following sections: paper mill, cone mill, or spiral tube mill.
The wastewater treatment system consists of a primary clarifier,
extended aeration unit with three aerators, and a secondary clarifier
with sludge drying beds adjacent to the clarifier. The effluent from
the secondary clarifier passes through a weir box equipped with a flow
recording device and into the river. The sanitary wastes are treated
by a package activated sludge plant. The STP was being relocated during
the study and company officials stated that the effluent quality was not
as good as normal.
An automatic sampler collected composite samples for 24 hours for
three consecutive days. A Stevens stage recorder was installed to
compare company flow data.
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27
Discussion of Analytical Data
Effluent from the process treatment system (Station SO-1) had an
average flow of 0.121 mgd during the study. COD concentrations ranged
from 107 to 109 mg/1 with an average loading of 109 lbs/day. Figures
9 and 10 show the final clarifier which was not operating as well as
it should at times during the study (note the turbid condition of the
clarifier). The nonfilterable residue concentration in the discharge
ranged from 35 to 48 mg/1 and the dissolved residue concentration
averaged 940 mg/1. Figure 11 shows the sampling point and the turbidity
of the effluent. BOD5 concentrations were low and averaged 14.3 mg/1
with a BOD5 loading of 14.4 lbs/day. Total nitrogen averaged 10.52 mg/1
with a loading of 10.7 lbs/day. The oxygen demand of the waste discharge
was low and the quality of the water was good with the exception of
color, which ranged from six to 120 units.
When the new paper machine goes on line, dissolved residue and
color may become problems. Station SO-2 was in the sewage treatment
plant effluent. The effluent had visible suspended solids which ranged
from 29 to 83 mg/1 with an average of 56 mg/1. The BOD5 concentrations
ranged from eight to 50 mg/1 with an average of 31.3 mg/l„ Anmonia
concentrations ranged from 22.1 to 28 mg/1 with an average of 25.0 mg/1.
Both suspended solids and ammonia concentrations were excessive for
treated waete. As mentioned earlier, the treatment facility was to
soon be moved and was not operating properly. Chlorine residual was
checked on June 7 and 8 with concentrations of 7.0 and 0.50 mg/1,
respectively.
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28
Figure 9
Sonoco Products Final Clairifier
Figure 10
Sonoco Products Final
Clairifier (Note
turbidity)
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Figure 11
Sonoco Products Discharge Weir
Box, Sampling Point SO-1
I
-------
30
CHEMETRON CORPORATION
Chemetron's Newport plant employs approximately 150 people In the
manufacturing of drugs and industrial organic chemicals. The medicinals
are varied and include (non-antibiotic) anti-infective agents, which
include sulfa drugs, gastrointestinal agents and smooth muscle relaxants.
The industrial chemical products are mainly rubber accelerators and
vulcanizing agents.
The plant is divided into several complex chemical manufacturing
units. Due to the use of acids in the various units, the wastewater
generated in the plant is acidic and requires neutralization before
biological treatment. Neutralization is accomplished in tanks where
solids and solvents are also removed. The wastewater then enters a 15
million gallon aerated lagoon equipped with four 25 horsepower and two
30 horsepower surface aerators. At the time of the EPA study, the two
large aerators were not operating. The effluent passes through a weir
box containing a 90° V-notch weir and via pipe to Sinking Creek at
approximately R.M. 0.2.
Discussion of Analytical Data
The effluent was strongly colored with values ranging from 70 to
120 color units. The color was quickly assimilated by the receiving
stream and little evidence of the color was found at Station PT-2
(Sinking Creek).
The flow during the study period was fairly constant with an
average of 0.804 mgd. The wastewater being discharged into Sinking
-------
31
Creek is a strong waste even after treatment. The following significant
average concentrations and loadings were found at Station CH-1:
Concentration Loading
Parameter
mg/1
lbs/day
bod5
147.3
988
COD
396.0
2,750
T0C
128.7
863
Residue, Total
3,072.0
20,600
Residue, Dissolved
2,918.0
19,600
Residue, Nonfilterable
154.0
1,030
Sulfate
1,500.0
10,100
Both BOD,, and COD concentrations were high for treated waste, being
147.3 and 396, respectively. Nutrient concentrations in the effluent
were low except for TKN which averaged 5.20 mg/1. The nitrate-nitrite
concentration averaged 0.29 mg/1 which is very low for an aerated lagoon
with such a high TKN concentration. The TKN nitrogen may be in a form
not readily biodegradeable or the environment may not be suitable for
nitrifying bacteria and thus causing a nitrogen deficiency in the lagoon.
The combination of two defective aerators and low available nitrogen
may be causing a part of the high loadings of BOD^ and COD being dis-
charged to Sinking Creek.
The dissolved residue concentrations ranged from 490 to 4,520 mg/1,
with an average of 2,920 mg/1. These high values reflect the 1,500 mg/1
concentration of sulfate ions found in the discharge. The nonfilterable
-------
32
residue average concentration was 154 mg/1. Nonfilterable residue con-
centrations of this magnitude are excessive for "secondary treatment
systems" and indicate the need for secondary clarification.
The company should make every attempt to eliminate uncontaminated
cooling water from entering the lagoon thus providing more retention time
for the wastewater.
Organic Analysis
Ten organic compounds were identified using gas chromatograph/mass
spectrometer and verified against known organic standards. Quantitation
was by gas chromatography after water soluble solvents and volatile
solvents were concentrated for analysis vising a distillation procedure.
The list of compounds identified and information regarding each is
presented in Appendix D.
Of the compounds identified, only n-nitrophenol (which was found at
a minimum concentration of 2.7 mg/1) is known to be higftly toxic. Accord-
ing to McKee and Wolf^ it is toxic to daphnia at concentrations as low
as 24 mg/1.
-------
33
A. C. LAWRENCE LEATHER COMPANY
The A. C. Lawrence Leather Company (Swift and Company) discharges
untreated wastes Into the Pigeon River at R.M. 7.5. The Newport plant
makes sole and belt leather by the vegetable tanning process and operates
approximately 12 hours per day.
The cowhides arrive packed in salt. The Initial steps occur in the
beamhouse where the hides are washed and soaked to remove salt, dirt,
blood and manure and to soften the hides. Next the unhairing step is
done in pits by the action of lime, sulfides and amines. After the hair
has been loosened it is removed, dried and sold. The hides are fleshed,
rinsed and sent through a bating process which uses ammonia salts and
wetting agents for lime removal. The hides are then passed through the
tan yard where they are put into pits containing solutions of vegetable
extracts and sulfuric acid. After tanning, the hides are bleached to
remove excess tannin. Most of the final operations are mechanical and
give special characteristics to the finished leather.
Two waste streams (Stations LA-1 and LA-2) discharge an average of
0.181 and 0.090 mgd, respectively, baaed on company records.
The beamhouse wastewater was white in appearance with high pH
values ranging from 11.8 to 12.1 units. The specific conductance of
this discharge averaged 7,299 michromhos which reflected the high levels
of dissolved materials in the discharge. A large portion of the disasso-
ciated ions was chlorides which ranged from 98 to 1,460 mg/1. Since
much of the waste consists of lime (CaOH^), the alkalinity was high
(5,250 lbs/day). Th® excess line, as well as flesh, dirt, hair, and
-------
34
inert materials, causes an excessively high nonfilterable residue concen-
tration which averaged 2,110 mg/1 (3,182 lbs/day). Oxygen consuming
materials in the effluent are listed below.
Parameter
BOD5
COD
TOC
TKN
NH3-N
Phenol
Oil and Grease
LA-1 Discharge
Concentration (mg/1)
1,020
1,470
393.3
133.67
94.67
2.81
85.7
Loading (lbs/day)
1,530
2,220
594
202
143
4.25
129.4
The yard waste (LA-2) was highly colored, ranging from 1,750 to
3,500 color units with an average of 2,750 units. The pH ranged from
3,7 to 6.5 with an acidity loading of 805 lbs/day. The dissolved
residue averaged 9,366 mg/1. Specific conductance ranged from 2,100
to 3,250 micromhos, reflecting the high concentration of dissolved
matter in the waste. The nonfilterable residue concentrations ranged
from 833 to 1,367 mg/1 and averaged 1,073 mg/1. The average nonfilter-
able residue loading was 805 lbs/day. Excessive concentrations of
chromium ranging from 5.75 to 67.5 mg/1 with an average of 36 mg/1 was
being discharged from the chrome tanning operation. The loading was
27 lbs/day. Oxygen consuming materials are listed below.
-------
35
Parameter
Concentration (mg/l)
Loading (lba/day)
BOD5
COD
TOC
3,430
13,220
4,830
2,580
9,930
3,630
TKN
42.2
31.7
NH3-N
19.97
14.99
Phenol
22.32
16.75
Oil and Grease
1,470
1,100
Total phosphorus concentrations in both LA-1 and LA-2 discharges
were high, averaging 3.53 and 41.67 mg/1, respectively.
A. C. Lawrence's discharge plays a very important role in degrading
the water quality of the Pigeon River downstream from their outfalls.
Figure 12, for example, shows the impact of the color being discharged
into the river. The combined loading of total residue entering the
river is 18,140 lbs/day which adds to turbidity and the possible forma-
tion of sludge beds.
The company presently plans to discharge its waste to the new
municipal sewage treatment plant when constructed. Prior to discharge,
a pretreatment system including solids removal and holding tanks for
equalization to the treatment plant must be included. Further, the
tannery should make an effort to employ new tanning techniques that
might either reduce water consumption or the amount of chemicals used
in the process.
-------
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
FIGURE 12
PIGEON RIVER-COLOR PROFILE
I I I I I 1 I l I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 II I I I
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
RIVER MILES
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37
PIGEON RIVER WATER QUALITY
The Pigeon River water quality is highly variable due to the water
releases from the Waterville Dam. During power generation, which aver-
ages approximately 17 hours per day, depending on demand, the water
quality is basically that of water coming from North Carolina. During
periods of storage, the flow in the river is nil and tributaries
such as Big and Cosby Creeks furnish the flow and thus a different water
quality. Daily average discharges through the Waterville Dam during the
study as reported by the Carolina Power and Light Company were:
Date
cfs
June
4
1,255
June
5
1,300
June
6
1,348
June
7
1,393
June
8
977
June
9
1,128
June
10
987
The time of travel of the power wave from the powerhouse to the
Newport area is approximately three hours. These average dally varia-
tions in flow and velocity tend to retard large scale deposition of
organic materials.
TEMPERATURE
o
Temperatures varied only slightly from an average of 18.8 C at the
uppermost station (PI-1) and never exceeded the 20°C found at the U.S.
Highway 25 bridge (PI-4) in downtown Newport.
-------
38
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)
Average dissolved oxygen concentrations in the study area ranged
from 8.1 to 9.2 mg/1 (see DO Profile, Figure 13). The lowest DO con-
centration found was 7.8 mg/1 on June 6 at Station PI-7 near the con-
fluence with the French Broad River. DO saturation levels were high at
all stations (see Table 2). The topography of the stream is such that
the reaeration rate for the entire reach from the powerhouse to the
French Broad River is high. The elevation drop from near Station PI-3
to PI-7 is nearly 58 feet. The entire reach except for the large pool
between U.S. 25 and 411 bridges is almost a continuous series of riffles
and turbulent water (see section of time of travel study for details).
COLOR
The Pigeon River has a characteristic tea-brown color. The average
color profile for the river is shown in Figure 12. The color concentra-
tions observed downstream from the powerhouse at PI-1 ranged from 5-30
units while averaging eight units. There was a slight increase at
Station PI-3 at R.M. 8.4 to an average of 26 units which may have been
caused by a nearby sand and gravel operation. A dramatic increase was
noted at Station PI-4 (R.M. 6.8) downstream from A. C. Lawrence Company.
The concentrations ranged from 30 to 140 units with an average of 73
units. Station PI-7 (R.M. 0.2) averaged 16 units. In contrast to the
concentrations found during the EPA 1973 study, the 1966 data show much
higher concentrations. Quoting from the 1966 report:
-------
FIGURE 13
PIGEON RIVER - DISOLVED OXYGEN PROFILE
RIVER MILES
-------
40
TABLE 2
Pigeon River Dissolved Oxygen Saturation Percentages
DO 100%
Station (mg/1) (mg/1) Percentage
PI-7 8.1 9.24 88%
PI-6 8.5 9.2 92%
PI-5 8.5 9.2 92%
PI-4 8.4 9.2 91%
PI-3 9.0 9.24 97%
PI-2 9.2 9.41 98%
PI-1 8.6 9.42 91%
PT2-1
Sinking Creek
6.9
9.30
74%
-------
41
Color in the powerhouse discharge averaged 120 units. From
this point down to below Newport, Tennessee, the average
color remained fairly uniform in a range from 110 to 120
units. An average of 105 units occurred below Newport, just
before the confluence with the French Broad River.(1)
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS (B0D5 AND TOC)
The BOD5 concentrations at Station PI-1, just downstream from the
Waterville Dam, ranged from 2.4 to 3.0 mg/1 with an average of 2.6 mg/1.
The FWPCA study data of 1966 showed an average of 2.8 mg/1 at the same
station. See Figure 14 for a comparison of BOD^ values from the two
studies.
A large increase in BOD5 concentration was noted downstream from
the A. C. Lawrence Company at Station PI-4 (R.M. 6.8) where the con-
centrations ranged from 5.2 to 7.4 mg/1 with an average of 6,4 mg/1.
Station PI-5 (R.M. 5.6) BOD5 concentrations were much lower than those
at Station PI-4 with concentrations ranging from 2.9 to 3.1 mg/1. At
Station PI-6, located approximately 0.3 mile downstream from the Newport
Sewage Treatment plant, the BOD5 concentrations increased to an average
of 5.0 mg/1. The most downstream station, PI-7 (R.M. 0.2), had BOD5
concentrations ranging from 3.4 to 6.0 mg/1 with an average of 4.2 mg/1.
Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations averaged 4.5 mg/1 at
Station PI-1 (R.M. 25). The highest TOC concentration found in the
river was 10.0 mg/1 at Station PI-4 (R.M. 6.8) which reflects the waste
from A. C. Lawrence Company. The TOC concentrations remained above
5.3 mg/1 throughout the downstream stretch to the French Broad River.
The upstream Station FB-1 on the French Broad River (R.M. 77.5) had an
-------
FIGURE 14
BOD5 COMPARISON - 1966 AND 1973 STUDIES
-------
43
average TOC concentration of 3.5 mg/1 with an average BOD5 of 2.3 mg/1.
Downstream at Station FB-2 (R.M. 71.4) the TOC and BOD5 concentrations
both averaged 2.0 mg/1. Although this point is located downstream from
the confluence with the Pigeon River, it is also being influenced by
backwater from Douglas Lake which was backed up in the vicinity of
Station FB-2 at the time of the study. TOC concentrations in Cosby
Creek (Station PT1-1), a clean mountain stream with very little pollution,
averaged <1.0 mg/1. Since the Pigeon River is made up of small mountain
tributaries and seepage from springs, very little TOC would normally be
found in the stream. Therefore, it may be concluded that the TOC con-
centrations found in the Pigeon River are primarily due to pollutants
from point source discharges.
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
Total nitrogen concentrations (nitrate-nitrite total Kjeldahl
nitrogen) ranged from 0.59 to 0.98 mg/1. The higher averages at
Stations PI-1 and PI-2 were both attributed to one above normal TKN
concentration at each station. Phosphorus concentrations ranged from
0.05 mg/1 at Station PI-1 to a high of 0.18 mg/l at Station PI-6. The
higher phosphorus levels were observed downstream from A, C. Lawrence
and the sewage treatment plant. Phosphorus concentrations in the reach
downstream from A. C. Lawrence to the confluence with the French Broad
River were higher than the suggested 0.1 mg/1 guideline for flowing
streams or the 0.05 mg/1 limit for streams entering lakes or reservoirs.^
-------
44
IRON AND MANGANESE
Total iron concentrations ranged from 1.06 mg/1 at Station PI-7 to
2.6 mg/1 at Station PI-1, respectively. Dissolved iron concentrations
at the same stations were 0.1 mg/1 and 0.09 mg/1, respectively.
Total manganese concentrations ranged from 0.07 mg/1 at Station PI-4
to 0.83 and 0.089 mg/1 at Stations PI-7 and PI-1, respectively. Dissolved
manganese was reduced in concentration from 0.06 mg/1 at Station PI-1 to
0.032 mg/1 at Station PI-7.
Both total iron and manganese exceed the U.S. Public Health Service
drinking water limits.
CHROMIUM
There was virtually no differences between dissolved and total
chromium concentrations in the Pigeon River with the exception of
Station PI-4. Total chromium was 0.155 mg/1 which increased the
average concentration to 0.064 mg/1 and caused that station to violate
the Tennessee standard of 0.05 mg/1 chromium. The mouth of Sinking
Creek had concentrations of chromium ranging from 0.030 to 0.165 mg/1
with an average of 0.088 mg/1. The chromium concentrations found in
the Pigeon River were approaching the limits recommended for chromium
in stream water. Little reduction in the concentrations occurred from
the Waterville Dam to the confluence with the French Broad River.
METAL SCAN
Two composite samples consisting of the dally samples from Stations
PI-1 and PI-2 were analyzed by spark source mass spectrometry for
-------
45
elemental analysis. Other than the specific metals discussed In the
previous paragraphs, no unusual concentrations were found. The results
of this scan are listed In Appendix F.
pH, CONDUCTIVITY. AND RESIDUE
pH values for the Pigeon River area studied were well within the
state standards for the stream. All pH units were between 6.5 and 8.0
and most were near neutral. Conductivity readings were low for all sta-
tions. The highest conductance observed In the Pigeon River was at
Station PI-4 downstream from A. C. Lawrence Company where a reading of
200 mlcromhos was observed. There was a slight increase In conductance
from Station PI-3 downstream to the confluence with the French Broad
River as a result of wastewaters from the Newport area. The Pigeon
River had a low dissolved solids concentration with averages ranging,
from 106 mg/1 at the uppermost station to a high of 161 mg/1 at Station
PI-4. There was a three-fold increase in suspended matter through the
study reach; from an average of 15 mg/1 at Station PI-1 to 46 mg/1 at
Station PI-7.
MISCELLANEOUS ANALYSES
Sulfate - Background levels of sulfate ions, 11.0 mg/1 at Station
PI-1, were slightly Increased to an average of 15.7 mg/1 at Station
PI-7.
Phenol - Phenol concentrations in the Pigeon River averaged from
0*039 mg/1 at the upstream Station PI-1 to 0.017 mg/1 at the downstream
-------
46
Station 21-1. There was a decrease in concentration throughout the
reach. These levels are higher than recommended standards for streams
in Tennessee but are within the range of background levels for phenols
found in many natural streams.
PIGEON RIVER DYE STUDY
Two dye studies were made on the Pigeon River in the Newport area
to determine the average stream velocity. One study was conducted during
high water (when the Waterville Dam was discharging) and the other was
made during lower flow conditions with no discharge from the Waterville
Dam.
The dye was dumped at Station PI-3 (R.M. 8.4) during high water at
1330 on June 5, 1973. Flow in the river was 2,305 cfs. Samples were
collected for dye concentration at Stations PI-4 (R.M. 6.8), PI-5 (R.M.
5.6), the STP effluent pipe (R.M. 4.2), and at Station PI-7 (R.M. 0.2).
Time of flow vs. river miles are plotted in Figure 15.
During low flow conditions, dye dumps were made at Stations PI-3
and PI-5 at 7:05 a.m. and 8:55 a.m., respectively, on June 6, 1973.
River flow during this study decreased steadily from a high of 607 cfs
at 7:00 a.m. to 354 cfs at 12:00 noon. The dye was monitored at Sta-
tions PI-4 and PI-5 and the STP effluent pipe. High water from the
dam release caught the dye cloud before it could be monitored downstream
from the STP. In a subsequent study in November 1973, dye was dumped
in the river at the STP effluent. River flow during this period was
635 cfs and time of travel is shown in Figure 15.
-------
FIGURE 15
-------
48
BACTERIOLOGICAL
Samples analyzed for coliform bacteria densities were collected
for four consecutive days near the surface using a grab technique. All
samples were collected in sterile glass containers and placed on ice
until time of analysis.
Municipal and industrial effluents were grab sampled at the end
of a 24-hour sampling period.
Total Coliform Enumeration: The membrane filter procedure outlined
in Standard Methods^ was used. The method employs M-Endo Broth with
an incubation temperature of 35 + 0.5°C for 22-24 hours.
Fecal Coliform Enumeration; The membrane filter procedure outlined
in Standard Methods^ was used. The method employs M-FC Broth with an
incubation temperature of 44.5 + 0.2°C for 24 hours.
Coliform Bacteria
The bacterial water quality at Station PI-l, located at R.M. 25.0,
1/
was characterized by mean=' total and fecal coliform densities of 1,300
and 230/100 ml, respectively (Table 3 and Figure 16). This coliform
density level extended downstream approximately 11.4 river miles to
the confluence with Cosby Creek. Station PT1-1 had mean total and
fecal coliform densities of 2,600 and 440/100 ml, respectively.
Approximately five miles downstream from Cosby Creek, Station PI-3
data showed an increased mean total coliform density of 1,800/100 ml
and a mean fecal coliform density of 340/100 ml. River Stations PI-4,
2/ Geometric mean
-------
(MF)
No. -
Samp
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF COLIFORM DATA IN THE PIGEON RIVER, FRENCH BROAD RIVER,
SINKING CREEK AND COSBY CREEK, TN, JUNE 1973
Total Collform Bacteria/100 ml (MF) Fecal Coliform Bacteria/100 ml
No. of
Mas.
Min.
Ave.
Geo.
Samples
Max.
Min.
Ave.
Geo.
3,000
420
1,600
1,300
4
350
140
240
230
4,900
600
2,100
1,400
4
660
150
300
250
7,000
1,000
2,600
1,800
4
2,200
130
690
340
26,000
4,800
13,000
10,000
4
3,800
330
1,700
1,100
27,000
3,100
15,000
11,000
4
12,000
360
4,600
1,900
110,000
2,000
34,000
13,000
4
77,000
100
21,000
2,600
° 000
6,100
26,000
16,000
4
8,400
900
3,900
2,600
1,100
4,700
3,400
4
2,500
510
1,400
1,100
10,000
820
6,000
4,300
4
1,200
260
850
730
34,000
7,300
19,000
16,000
4
12,000
1,500
6,600
4,700
20,000
1,700
12,000
8,800
4
7,400
730
4,300
3,200
3,800
1,800
2,700
2,600
4
1,100
86
640
440
-------
50
PI-5 and PI-6 data showed a ten-fold mean coliforra bacteria increase
above upstream observations. These elevated coliform densities
reflected the major waste discharges of A. C. Lawrence (Station LA-2) ,
and the Newport STP (Station NP-1) which discharged mean total coliform
densities of 2,200,000 and 640,000/100 ml, and mean fecal coliform
densities of 100,000 and 100,000/100 ml, respectively (Table 4 and
Figure 16). Approximately 0.3 mile downstream from Station PI-6,
Sinking Creek (PT2-1) contributed mean total and fecal coliform
densities of 16,000 and 4,700/100 ml, respectively, to the Pigeon
River. The elevated densities remained fairly constant downstream
as observed at Station PI-7.
Station FB-1, on the French Broad River, upstream from the
confluence with the Pigeon River, had mean total and fecal coliform
densities of 3,400 and 1,100/100 ml, respectively. Station FB-2,
located downstream from the confluence with the Pigeon River, had
mean total and fecal coliform densities of 4,300 and 730/100 ml,
respectively.
-------
TABLE 4
SUMMARY OF NEWPORT, TN, MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL
COLIFORM DATA, JUNE 1973
No. of No. of
Sta.
Maximum
Minimum
Average
Geometric
Samples
Maximum
Minimum
Average
Geometric
Samples
NI-1
1,100
5
400
76
3
33
2
22
13
3
SO-1
1,500
5
900
210
3
67
5
44
27
3
SO-2
150
5
78
27
2
50
3
27
12
2
NP-1
180,000,000
40
66,000,000
640,000
5
30,000,000
10
11,000,000
100,000
5
LA—1
7,800
10
2,000
79
4
500
10
130
27
4
LA-2
5,600,000
580,000
2,900,000
2,200,000
4
330,000
42,000
140,000
100,000
4
-------
MEAN TOTAL AND FECAL COLIFORM DENSITIES
3
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o
o
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o
o
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H *
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T
2
I I I III
T[
I I I III!
\
\
1—I I I Mil
1—I I I I III
Cosby Cr. (2,600) (440)
LA -1 (80) (30)
LA-2 (2,200,000) (100,000)
NP-I (640,000) (100,000)
PT-2-1 (16,000) (4,700)
z
3*
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2 H
a s
2?
2
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z
D
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-------
53
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS
Using information obtained during the field study, a computer
simulation model of dissolved oxygen was constructed for the Pigeon
River from its confluence with the French Broad River to R.M. 8.4.
The Qual-II model recently developed under an EPA. contract was used
for the simulations.
A validation run using field study loadings is shown in Figure 17.
A deoxygenation rate of 0.6/day (base e, 20°C) was used for this run.
Reaeration rates were computed from Tsivoglou's relationship
(K2 - .06 A H/Tf) where
H = difference in elevation between two points
Tf = time of travel between the two points.
The river slopes were obtained from USGS topographic maps and time-of-
travel from the dye study. The simulation produced a reasonable approxi-
mation of conditions measured in the field. Only one serious mismatch
is apparent (BOD5 at Station PI-4) where the high observed BODg may be
the result of either incomplete mixing of the A, C. Lawrence waste at
this point or a concentrated slug of waste caused by high discharges
from A, C. Lawrence coupled with low stream flows in the early morning.
Most of the samples were collected in the morning at low river stages.
For planning purposes, simulations were also made at the projected
critical conditions. For these runs, a low flow of 38 cfs (low flow as
reported by the Tennessee Valley Authroity for this regulated stream)
was used for the Pigeon River and 3 cfs was used for Sinking Creek.
Because of the anticipated higher quality of the effluents in the future,
the deoxygenation rate is expected to decrease and a value of 0.25/day Is
-------
10.0
FIGURE 17
PIGEON RIVER AT NEWPORT, TENNESSEE
FIELD STUDY DATA
VS. COMPUTER SIMULATION
-p»
9.0
8.0
7.0
v
a>
E 6.0
I"
K
»-
2 40
UJ
U
2
O
O 3.0
2.0
1.0
I
I
I
I
I
I
r—
Computer
KEY
{Uniawn
Mm* ( Fl*l4 0«t«)
MMiwm
¦¦ - 0.0.
aoo,
10.0
9.0
80
7.0
6.0
5.0
RIVER MILES
*j0
3.0
2.0
1.0
00
-------
55
typical for effluents of this type. Reaeration rates were computed as
above with time-of-travel projected to low-flow conditions using the
relationship
Velocity - Constant X Flow 0*^,
Waste loadings used for the low-flow simulations were:
Flow D.O. B0D5
Source (cfs? (mfi/1) (mg/1)
Newport STP 7.00 4.0 20
Heywood Wakefield 0.05 4.0 10
Chemetron 1.50 60
Sonoco Products 0.93 90
Newport Industrial Products 0.01 4.0 6
The projected D.O. profile is shown as line 1 in Figure 18.
For the future loadings, it appears that reaeration exceeds deoxygena-
tion except in the pool between Highway 25 and 411 bridge adjacent to
Newport and in the lower two miles of the river. The lowest D.O.
occurred in Sinking Creek at the Chemetron discharge because of the
assumed value of zero for the D.O. of this effluent.
In order to assess the reliability of the above estimates* a
sensitivity analysis on certain model coefficients was made. Lines 2 and
3 in Figure 18 show the effect of increasing the deoxygenation rate
to 0.6/day. The effect of reducing the reaeration rate by one-half
with a deoxygenation rate of 0.6/day is shown in line 3. Because
of uncertainty concerning the time-of-travel projections, velocities
were recalculated using
Velocity - Constant X Flow 0,6.
-------
8.0
7.0
£ 6.0
<
F 5.0
(—
z
UJ
o
o
u
6
a
4.0
3.0
2.0
FIGURE 18
PIGEON RIVER D.O. PROFILE
COMPUTER SIMULATION
KEY
O "
© -
© ~
y«a 00.49
Kf .06 AH/11
KM. 25
VbO0O-45
K2*.06Ah/H
Kl» .60
VsaO0-4*®
K2 =.03A*/tf
KI -.60
©
©
VsqqO-60
K2 *,06Ah/tf
Kl* .25
V = o0 = °-60
K2 = .05Ah/tf
Kl».25
PIGEON RIVER
8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0
RIVER MILES
3.0
2.0
1.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
<
£ 5-0
I-
Z
Ul
o
z
o
<-> 4.0
O
d
3.0
0.0
SINKING CR.
2.0 1.0
RIVER MILES
-------
The DO profile shewn by line 4 is the same as the profile shown by
line 1 except for the velocity projection. The DO profile indicated
by line 5 further shows the effect of reducing the reaeration rate
by one-half (with = 0.25/day).
The simultations should be accurate for the main stem of the
Pigeon River except for the extreme lower reaches where backwater
effects may alter the assumed characteristics. It should be noted
that time-of-travel was not available for the lower section so the
velocity in the section just upstream was used. The Sinking Creek part
of the model is also of questionable accuracy but does seem to have
limited assimulative capacity.
-------
58
REFERENCES
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Effects of Pollution
on Biota of the Pigeon River, North Carolina arid Tennessee, Cincinnati,
Ohio (February 1966).
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Report on the Inter-
state Waters of the Pigeon River, Cincinnati, Ohio (October 1966).
McKee and Wolf, Water Quality Criteria, Publication 3-A, p. 166, State
Water Resources Control Board, State of California, 2nd Edition (April
1971).
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, USDI, Report of the
Committee on Water Quality Criteria, p. 56 (April 1968).
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th
Edition, p. 669, 1971.
-------
APPENDIX A
SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS
PIGEON RIVER, TN
-------
60
Stream Station Samp la Locations
FB-1 French Broad River at US # 411 highway bridge northeast of
Newport, TN. RM 77.5.
FB-2 French Broad River at county road # 2540 highway bridge north-
west of Newport, TN. RM 71.4.
PI-1 Pigeon River at county highway bridge near Waterville, NC. This
is the first bridge across the river below the state line.
RM 25.0.
PI-2 Pigeon River at county highway # 2482 bridge near Pleasant
Grove. RM 13.85.
PT1-1 Cosby Creek at Tennessee highway # 32 bridge. Stream mile 1.9.
Cosby Creek is tributary to the Pigeon River at RM 13.6.
PI-3 Pigeon River at county highway bridge upstream from A. C.
Lawrence Tannery. RM 8.4.
PI-4 Pigeon River at US # 25 highway bridge in the city of Newport,
TN. RM 6.8. USGS gage.
PI-5 Pigeon River at US # 411 highway bridge in downtown Newport,
TN. RM 5.6.
PI-6 Pigeon River approximately 0.3 mile above the confluence of
Sinking Creek. This station is below the municipal STP
effluent and must be waded to collect the sample. RM 3.7.
PT2-1 Sinking Creek at railroad bridge near the mouth of creek.
Sinking Creek is tributary to the Pigeon River at RM 3.4.
PI-7 Pigeon River near RM 0.2. This station is below all waste
sources and will be taken from a boat or the bank. A bank
sample will probably be adequate.
PT2-2 Sinking Creek at US highway 25 bridge on the west end of town
at RM 2.3.
-------
Industrial Waste Station Locations
LA-1 A. C. Lawrence Leather Company waste discharge from beam hduse
to Pigeon River. Collect from weir box south corner of office
and laboratory.
LA-2 A. C. Lawrence Leather Company yard discharge. Collect in weir
box next to highway 2418 beside beam house prior to discharge
to Pigeon River.
CH-1 Chemetron Corporation discharge from aerated lagoon. Collect
sample from weir box prior to discharge to Sinking Creek.
HW-1 Heywood-Wakefield Company discharge from plating operation.
Collect sample from manhole behind plating line outside of
main building next to road serving back of plant.
SO-1 Sonoco Products Company discharge from weir box at secondary
clarlfler prior to discharge to Pigeon River.
SO-2 Sonoco effluent from package treatment plant.
NI-1 Newport Industrial Products. Combination of discharge from
STP, oil skimmer, and stormwater drainage. Collect at end on
concrete flume.
SV-1 Stokely-Van Camp Industrial discharge to city sewer. Share
sample with company from their automatic sampler.
SV-2 Stokely-Van Camp cooling water discharge. Grab sample.
NP-1 Newport sewage treatment plant at effluent from chlorine contact
chasfcer.
-------
APPENDIX B
SUMMARY OF WATER AND WASTEWATER QUALITY DATA
-------
00080
00095
00300
00310
00400
00410
00435
00610
00635
00630
00665
00680
31501
31616
00003
00500
00515
00530
00945
01030
01034
01040
01042
01045
01046
01055
01056
32730
00060
00340
00403
50050
50060
01067
01092
50051
00550
00940
DESCRIPTION _
U>
X-SEC. LOC.» HORIZ (* FROM R BANK LOOK UPSTR.)
NUMBER USED IN SAMPLE ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE
TEMPERATURE* WATER (DEGREES CENTIGRADE)
COLOR (PLATINUM-COBALT UNITS)
SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (UMHOS/CM fr 25C)
OXYGEN* DISSOLVED
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (MG/L* 5 DAY - 20DEG C>
PH (STANDARD UNITS)
ALKALINITY* TOTAL (MG/L AS CAC03)
ACIDITY* TOTAL (MG/L AS CAC03)
NITROGEN* AMMONIA* TOTAL (MG/L AS N)
NITROGEN* KJELDAHL* TOTAL* (MG/L AS N)
NITRITE PLUS NITRATE* TOTAL 1 DET. (MG/L AS N)
PHOSPHORUS* TOTAL* WET METHOD (MG/L AS P)
CARBON* TOTAL ORGANIC (MG/L AS O
C0LIF0RM»T0T*MEMBRANE FILTER*IMMED.M-ENDO MED.35C
FECAL COLIFORM.MEMBR FILTER.M-FC BROTH.44.5 C
RESIDUE* TOTAL (MG/L)
RESIDUE* TOTAL FILTRABLE (DRIED AT 105C)»MG/L
RESIDUE* TOTAL NONFILTRABLE (MG/L>
SULFATE (MG/L AS S04)
CHROMIUM* DISSOLVED
MANGANESE* TOTAL (UG/L AS MN>
MANGANESE* DISSOLVED (UG/L AS MN)
PHENOLS (UG/L)
FLOW* STREAM* MEAN DAILY (CUBIC FEET PER SEC.)
CHEMICAL OXYGEN OEMANO* *25N K2CR207 (MG/L)
PH (STANOARO UNITS) LAB
FLOW IN CONOUIT OR THRU A TREATMENT PLANT (MGO)
CHLORINE* TOTAL RESIDUAL (MG/L)
NICKEL* TOTAL (UG/L AS Nl)
ZINC* TOTAL (UO/L AS ZN)
flow rate instantaneous (mgo)
OIL V GREASE JSOXHLET EXTRACTION) TOTAL*REC.*MG/L
CHLORIDE (MG/L AS CL)
-------
AGENCY PRIMARY
STATION SECONDARY
STATION LOCATION
STATE
MINOR BASIN
PAGE
1113S000 471105
CH-1
SINKING CR-CHEMETRON CORP LAGOON
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471005
FB-l
FRENCH
BROAD R AT US HIGHWAY 411
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471000
FB-2
FRENCH
BROAD R AT CO HWY 2540
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471075
HW-I
PIGEON
R-HEYWOOD-WATERFIELO CO.
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471100
LA-1
PIGEON
R-A C LAWRENCE WASTE DIS.
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471095
LA-2
PIGEON
R-A C LAWRENCE YARD DIS.
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471060
NI-1
PIGEON
R-NEWPORT INDUS. PRODUCTS
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471080
NP-1
PIGEON
R-NEWPORT STP EFFLUENT
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471040
PI-l
PIGEON
R AT CO HWY NR WATERVILLE
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471035
PI-2
PIGEON
R AT CO HWY 2482 BRIDGE
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471030
PI-3
PIGEON
R AT CO HWY BRIDGE'HI 8.4
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471025
PI-4
PIGEON
R AT US HIGHWAY 25 BRIDGE
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471020
PI-5
PIGEON
R AT US HWY 411 BRIOGE
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471015
PI-6
PIGEON
R BLW NEWPORT STP-MI 3.7
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471010
PI-7
PIGEON
R 0.2 MILES ABOVE MOUTH
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471055
PT1-1
COSBY CR AT HIGHWAY 32 BR10GE
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471045
PT2-1
SINKING CR AT RR BRIOGE NR MOUTH
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471050
PT2-2
SINKING CR AT US HWY 25 BRIDGE
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471065
SO-1
PIGEON
R-SONOCO CO SEC CLARIFIES
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471070
SO-2
PIGEON
R-SONOCO CO TREAT PLT EFF
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471085
SV-1
PIGEON
R-STOKELY-VAN CAMP OIS.
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
471090
SV-2
PIGEON
R-STOKELY COOLING H20 OIS
TENNESSEE
FRENCH
BROAD
RIVER
BASIN
PI
0
-------
ENVIRONEMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAS. tn
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - CH-1 AGENCY - 1113S000
00000
00010
00080
00095
00310
00400
00410
00435
LAB
HATER
COLOR
CNOUCTVY
BOO
PH
T ALK
T ACOITY
IOENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 DAY
CAC03
CAC03
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMMQ
MG/L
SU
MG/L
MG/L
730606
1100
1807
73060S
1130
(CI 730606
1100
1806
120
3240
145.0
73
12
730606
1130
1834
2S.0
6.8
730607
1030
1833
25.0
6.7
730606
1130
(CI 730607
1030
1832
120
345
172.0
78
13
73060S
1060
1869
26.0
6.3
730607
1030
(CI 730608
1040
1S6S
70
336
125.0
67
12
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
26.0
120
3240
172.0
6.8
78
13
MINIMUM
25.0
70
336
125.0
6.3
67
12
MEAN
2S.3
103
1307
147.3
6.6
73
12
73060S
00610
00625
00630
00665
00680
OOSOO
00515
NM3-N
TOT KJEL
N02MM3
PHOS-T
T ORG C
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
TOTAL
N
N-TOTAL
P-MET
C
TOTAL
OISS-105
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
C MG/L
730606
1100
730605
1130
(CI 730606
1100
1.70
5.15
0.010
0.14
130.0
3839
3740
730606
1130
730607
1030
730606
1130
(CI 730607
1030
1.85
5.00
0.400
0.13
130.0
662
490
73060B
1040
730607
1030
(C)730608
1040
1.80
5.45
0.470
0.27
126.0
4716
4524
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
1.85
5.45
0.470
0.27
130.0
4716
4524
MINIMUM
1.70
5.00
0.010
0.13
126.0
662
490
MEAN
1.78
5.20
0.293
0.18
128.7
3072
2918
73060S
00530
00945
32730
00340
00403
50050
00550
RESIDUE
SULFATE
PHENOLS
COO
LAB
CONDUIT
OIL-GRSE
TOT NFLT
S04
HI LEVEL
PH
FLOW
TOT-SXLT
OATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
MG/L
SU
MGO
MG/L
730606
1100
120
0.778
5.0K
730605
1130
(C)730606
1100
99
1SOO
392
6.8
730606
1130
1500
5.OK
73060?
1030
0.835
730606
1130
(CI 730607
1030
172
146
410
6.6
5.0K
730606
1060
0.799
730607
1030
(C)730608
1040
192
15
187
387
6.4
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
192
1500
187
410
6.8
0.835
5.0
MINIMUM
99
15
120
387
6.4
0.778
5.0
XEAN
154
1005
151
396
6.6
0.804
5.0
730*08
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - FB-I AGENCY - 1113S000
00003
00002
00006
00010
00080
00095
00300
00310
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
LAB
HATER
COLOR
cnductvy
DO
BOD
* FROM
IDENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 DAY
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
MG/L
730605
1120
1
50
1783
22.0
10
54
8.3
1.7
730606
1110
1
50
1809
19.0
5
65
9.1
2.9
730607
1320
3
50
1846
22.0
10
66
8.3
2.0
730608
1030
1
50
1870
23.0
20
70
8.3
2.7
730605
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
3
23.0
20
70
9.1
2.9
MINIMUM
1
19.0
5
54
8.3
1.7
MEAN
2
21.5
11
64
8.5
2.3
730608
00003
00002
00400
00410
00435
00610
00625
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
PH
T ALK
T ACDITY
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
% FROM
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
N
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
730605
1120
1
50
6.6
18
6
0.04
0.21
730606
1110
1
50
6.8
18
4
0.04
0.32
730607
1320
3
50
6.9
22
2
0.02
0.12
730608
1030
1
SO
7.0
20
2
0.04
0.88
730605
NUMBER
*
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
3
7.0
22
6
0.04
0.88
MINIMUM
1
6.6
18
2
0.02
0.12
MEAN
2
6.8
20
4
0.03
0.38
730608
00003
00002
00630
00665
00680
31501
31616
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
N02LN03
PHOS-T
T ORG C
TOT COLI
FEC COLI
ft FROM
N-TOTAL
P-MET
C
MF1MEN00
MFM-FCBR
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
FEE!
RT BANK
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
/1Q0ML
/100ML
730605
1120
1
50
0.460
0.10
4.0
1100
590
730606
1110
1
50
0.320
0.17
3.0
2100
510
730607
1320
3
50
0.300
0.11
3.0
6600
2SOO
730608
1030
1
50
0.330
0.28
4.0
8900
1800
730605
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
3
0.460
0.28
4.0
8900
2500
MINIMUM
1
0.300
0.10
3.0
1100
510
MEAN
2
0.352
0.16
3.5
4675
1350
730608
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIHONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - FB-2 AGENCY - U13SOOO
00003
00002
00006
00010
oooeo
000*5
00300
00310
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
LAB
WATER
COLOR
CNDUCTVY
00
BOO
% FROM
IDENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 DAY
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
FEET
RT SANK
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
MG/L
73060S
1500
1
50
1791
23.0
5
53
8.1
1.9
730606 0830
1
SO
1802
21.0
IS
56
8.1
2.0
730607
1420
50
1847
22.0
10
65
8.1
2.4
730608 0830
1
50
1857
22.0
5
85
7.6
1.9
73060S
NUMBER
3
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
23.0
IS
85
8.1
2.4
MINIMUM
1
21.0
5
53
7.6
1.9
MEAN
1
22.0
9
65
8.0
2.0
730608
00003
00002
00400
00410
00435
00610
00625
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
PH
T ALK
T ACOITY
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
% FROM
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
N
OATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
73060S
1500
1
50
7.2
22
4
0.06
0.28
730606
0830
I
SO
6.8
22
6
0.08
0.28
730607
1420
SO
6.1
16
2
0.04
0.17
730608
0830
1
50
7.0
20
2
0.04
0.38
730605
NUMBER
3
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
7.2
22
6
0.08
0.38
MINIMUM
1
6.1
16
2
0.04
0.17
MEAN
1
6.8
20
4
0.05
0.28
730608
00003
00002
00630
00665
00680
31501
31616
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
N02&N03
PHOS-T
T ORG C
TOT COL I
FEC COLI
« FROM
N-TOTAL
P-HET
C
MFIMENOO
MFM-FCBR
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
/100ML
/I0OML
73060S
1500
1
50
0.480
0.06
2.0
820
260
730606
0830
1
50
0.440
0.05
2.0
7200
1100
730607
1420
50
0.320
0.10
2.0
6000
830
730608
0830
1
SO
0.320
0.08
2.0
10000
1200
730605
NUMBER
3
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
0.480
0.10
2.0
10000
1200
MINIMUM
1
0.320
o.os
2.0
820
260
MEAN
1
0.390
0.07
2.0
600S
848
730608
-------
68
environmental protection agency
region IV
southeast environmental research lab.
pigeon river
STATION - HW-1 AGENCY - 1113S000
00008
00010
00095
00310
00400
00410
00435
LAB
WATER
CNOUCTVY
800
PH
T ALK
T
ACOITY
I DENT.
TEMP
AT 25C
5 DAY
CAC03
CAC03
DATE
TIME
DATE
time
NUMBER
CENT
MICROMHO
MG/L
SU
MG/L
MG/L
730606
1000
1821
25.0
8.2
730606
1315
1822
25.0
8.7
730606
1615
1823
25.0
8.7
730606
1000
730606
1615
1820
1120
6.4
304
0
730607
1000
1853
26.0
7.5
730607
1500
1854
27.0
7.0
730607
1000
(C)730607
1500
1852
1400
24.0
272
38
730608
1017
1883
26.0
8.3
730608
1150
1884
28.0
7.6
730608
1325
1685
26.0
7.7
730608
1015
(C> 730608
1325
1882
1100
6.8
269
0
730606
NUMBER
8
3
3
8
3
3
MAXIMUM
28.0
1400
24.0
8.7
304
38
MINIMUM
25.0
1100
6.4
7.0
269
0
MEAN
26.0
1207
12.4
8.0
282
13
730608
00610
00625
00630
00665
00680
00500
00515
NHJ-N
TOT KJEL
N02&N03
PHOS-T
T ORG C
RESIDUE
RESIOUE
TOTAL
N
N-TOTAL
P-WET
C
TOTAL
OISS-105
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
C
MG/L
730606
1000
730606
1315
730606
1615
730606
1000
(C)730606
1615
0.20
0.48
1.330
0.94
5.0
987
891
730607
1000
730607
1500
730607
1000
(0 730607
1S00
0.39
0.77
1.230
1.00
18.0
208
24
730608
101T
730608
1150
730608
1325
730608
1015
(C)730608
1325
0.22
0.33
800.000
12.20
7.0
1482
1479
730606
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
0.39
0.77
809.000
12.20
18.0
1482
1479
MINIMUM
0.20
0.33
1.230
0.94
5.0
208
24
MEAN
0.27
0.53
267.520
4.71
10.0
892
798
730608
DATE TINE
DATE TIME
730606 1000
730606 1319
730606 1615
730606 1000 (C)730606 1615
730607 1000
730607 1300
730607 1000 (C>730607 1500
730608 1017
730608 1150
730608 1325
730608 1015 (C) 730608 1325
730606
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
7jtl608
00530
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
96
186
3
18*
3
06
01034
CHROMIUM
CR.TOT
UG/L
100000
82750
90000
3
100000
82750
90917
00340
COO
HI LEVEL
MG/L
50K
100
50K
3
100
50
67
00403
LAB
PH
SU
8.5
7.1
8.1
3
8.5
7.1
7.9
01067
NICKEL
NI.TOTAL
UG/L
19500
155800
18750
3
155800
18750
64683
01092
Z INC
ZNtTOT
UG/L
300
313
300
3
313
300
304
500S1
FLOW
RATE
INST MGD
0.041
0.033
0.031
3
0.041
0.031
0.035
-------
cr>
STATION - LA-1 AGENCY - 1U3SOOO
——————————————————
— ————
———— ^—
ooooa
00010
00080
OOCJS
00310
00400
00410
00435
00610
LAB
HATER
COLOR
CNOUCTVY
BOO
PM
T ALK
T ACD1TY
NH3-N
IDENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT ?5C
5 DAY
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
730605
1415
1784
73060S
0800
IC)730606
0800
1795
10
7840
1565.0
4600
0
102.00
730606
08*5
1799
26.0
11.9
730606
0800
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - LA-2 AGENCY - U13SOOO
00008
00010
00080
00095
00310
00400
00410
00435
00610
LAB
MATER
COLOR
CNOUCTVY
800
PH
T ALK
T ACDITY
NM3-M
IDENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 OAY
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
DATE TINE
DATE
TIME
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
730605 1*10
1785
730605 0900
(C)730605
1800
1792
3000
3250
3500.0
0
1180
24.60
730606 0840
1800
32.0
3.7
T30607 tttt
1828
32.0
5.7
730606 0600
(CI 738607
0800
1826
1750
2240
3900.0
0
850
18.00
730607 0800
IC)730608
0800
1862
3500
2100
2900.0
0
1190
17.30
730606 0840
1867
32.5
6.5
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
32.5
3500
3250
3900.0
6.5
0
1190
24.60
MINIMUM
32.0
1750
2100
2900.0
3.7
0
850
17.30
MEAN
32.2
2750
2S30
3433.3
5.3
0
1073
19.97
730608
00625
OO630
00665
00680
31501
31616
00500
00515
TOT KJEL
N021N03
PHOS-T
T ORG C
TOT COLI
FEC COLI
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
N
N-TOTAL
P-MCT
C
mfimendo
mfm-fcbr
TOTAL
D1SS-105
DATE TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
/10OML
/100ML
MG/L
C MG/L
730605 1*10
580000
85000
730605 0900
(0730605
1800
44.60
2.470
46.00
4400.0
11110
10280
730606 0840
2400000
330000
730607 0800
3000000
100000
730606 0800
(C) 738607
0800
44.00
2.880
39.00
3880.0
8387
7368
730607 0800
(C> 738608
0800
38.00
2.110
40.00
6300.0
11820
10450
730608 0840
5600000
42000
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
4
*
3
3
MAXIMUM
44.60
2.470
46.00
6300.0
5600000
330000
11820
10450
MINIMUM
38.80
2.088
39.00
3880.0
580000
42000
8387
7368
MEAN
42.20
2.220
41.67
4833.3
2895000
139250
10439
9366
730688
00530
01834
32730
00340
00403
50050
00550
00940
RESIDUE
CHROMIUM
PHENOLS
COO
LAS
COMMIT
OIL-GRSE
chlorioe
TOT NFLT
CR.TOT
HI LEVEL
PH
FLOW
TOT-SXLT
a
DATE TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MG/L
SU
MGD
MG/L
MG/L
730605 1410
4200.0
73060S 0900
(CI 738685
1800
033
67500
20000
12550
3.4
0.091
337.0
738686 0840
130.0
730607 0880
730606 0800
(C>738607
0800
1019
34500
21950
10730
4.4
0.090
185.0
730607 0800
(C) 738608
0800
1367
5750
2SOO0
16390
3.0
0.090
225.0
730608 0840
82.0
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
1367
67500
2S800
16390
4.4
0.091
4200.0
337.0
MINIMUM
833
5750
20000
10730
3.4
0.090
82.0
18S.0
MEAN
1073
35917
22317
13223
3.9
0.090
1470.7
249.0
730608
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION agency
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - NI-1 AGENCY - 1U3S000
DATE TIME
DATE
TIME
00008
LAB
IOENT.
NUMBER
00010
taATER
TEMP
CENT
00095
CNDUCTVY
AT 25C
MICROMHO
00310
aoo
5 OAT
MG/L
00400
PH
SU
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
00435
T ACD11Y
CAC03
MG/L
730606 1545
730607 1*35
730608 1250
1819
1851
1878
22.0
21.0
28.0
742
702
728
11.0
2.0
5.0
7.3
6.9
6.3
257
238
172
12
12
10
730606
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
3
28.0
21.0
23.7
3
742
702
724
3
11.0
2.0
6.0
3
7.3
6.3
6.8
3
257
172
222
3
12
10
U
DATE TIME
DATE
TIME
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
00630
N021N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
00665
PMOS-T
P-WET
MG/L
00680
T ORG C
C
MG/L
31S01
TOT COLI
MFIMEMDO
/100ML
31616
FEC COL1
MFM-FCBR
/iooml
730606 1545
730607 1435
730608 1250
2.46
3.50
7.70
3.00
4.70
6.40
3.480
4.950
7.200
1.23
1.12
3.20
9.0
9.0
16.0
5K
1100
80
2K
30
33K
730606
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
3
7.70
2.46
A.55
3
8.40
3.00
5.37
3
7.200
3.480
5.210
3
3.20
1.12
1.85
3
16.0
9.0
11.3
3
1100
5
395
3
33
2
22
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00500
RESIDUE
TOTAL
MG/L
00S15
RESIDUE
DISS-105
C MG/L
00530
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
00340
COO
HI LEVEL
MG/L
00403
LAB
PH
SU
50050
CONDUIT
FLOM
MGD
50060
CHLORINE
TOT RESO
MG/L
730606 1545
730607 1435
7306*8 1250
437
583
677
427
563
644
10
20
33
50K
55
56
7.2
6.7
6.6
0.006
0.006
0.006
7.50
7.00
730606
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
3
677
437
566
3
644
427
545
3
33
10
21
3
56
50
54
3
7.2
6.6
6.8
3
0.006
0.006
0.006
2
7.50
7.00
7.25
-------
72
ENVIKONEMENTAL protection agency
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - NP-1 AGENCY - 1113S000
00008
00010
00095
00310
00400
00410
00435
LA&
WATER
CNDUCTVY
BOO
PH
T ALK
T ACOITY
IOENT.
TEMP
AT 25C
5 DAY
CAC03
CAC03
UATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
NUMBER
CENT
micromho
MG/L
SU
MG/L
MG/L
730604
1830
1775
730604
0600
(C) 730605
0800
1776
526
210.0
144
14
730605
1500
1786
7 30605
0800
(C) 730606
0800
1794
448
214.0
145
15
730606
0910
1793
730606
1030
1801
22.5
6.8
730606
0800
(C) 730607
0800
1824
495
155.0
137
15
730607
1110
1835
730607
0800
(C)730608
0800
1856
484
148.0
129
12
730608
0850
1856
730604
number
1
4
4
1
4
4
MAXIMUM
526
214.0
145
15
MINIMUM
448
148.0
129
12
MEAN
488
181.8
139
14
730608
00610
00625
00630
00665
00680
31501
31616
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
N026N03
PhOS-T
T ORG C
TOT COLI
FEC COLI
total
N
N-TOTAL
P-WET
C
MFIMENDO
MFM-FCBR
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
M6/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
/100ML
/100ML
730604
1830
180000000
21000000
730604
0800
(0 730605
0800
10.00
13.50
0.120
10.20
58.0
730605
1500
110000000
30000000
730605
0800
(C)730606
0800
7.20
10.40
0.100
9.20
58.0
730606
0910
40000000K
4000000K
730606
1030
730606
0800
10 730607
0800
5.30
14.50
0.060
7.60
50.0
730607
1110
3400
500K
730607
0800
(0 730608
0800
4.25
10.80
0.150
4.90
42.0
730608
0850
40
10
730604
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
s
5
MAX IMUM
10.00
14.50
0.150
10.20
58.0
180000000
30000000
MINIMUM
4.25
10.40
0.060
4.90
42.0
40
10
MEAN
6.69
12.30
0,107
7.97
52.0
66000640
11000099
730608
oosoo
00515
00530
00340
00403
50050
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
COO
LAB
CONDUIT
TIMfc
TOTAL
OISS-105
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
PH
FLOM
DATE
DATE
TIME
MG/L
C MG/L
MG/L
M6/L
$U
MOD
730604
1830
730604
0800
<0 730605
0800
427
375
52
221
6.6
1.407
730605
1500
730605
0800
rt
w
o
Ot
o
Q>
0800
439
370
69
185
6.6
1.932
730606
0910
730606
1030
730606
0800
(C) 730607
0800
340
265
75
193
6.6
2.612
730607
1110
730607
0800
(0 730608
0800
429
387
42
6.4
2.818
730608
oeso
730604
NUMBER
4
4
4
3
4
4
MAXIMUM
439
387
75
221
6.6
2.818
MINIMUM
340
265
42
185
6.4
1.407
MEAN
409
349
60
200
6.5
2.192
730608
-------
73
ENVIRONEMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST environmental research lab.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - Pl-l AGENCY - 1113S000
DATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
* FROM
RT SANK
00008
LAB
ICENT.
NUMBER
00010
MATER
TEMP
CENT
00080
COLOR
PT-CO
UNITS
00095
CNDUCfVY
AT 25C
MICROMHO
00300
DO
MG/L
00310
BOO
5 OAY
MG/L
730605 08*0
730606 1 33S
730607 0815
730608 1210
1
1
1
50
50
50
50
1777
181*
1836
1871
is.o
18.0
18.0
21.0
5
25
25
*0
50
135
115
156
8.6
8.9
8.5
8.4
2.7
2.2
3.0
2.4
730605
NUMBER
MAX IMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
4
1
1
1
4
21.0
18.0
18.8
4
*0
5
2*
*
156
50
11*
4
8.9
8.4
8.6
4
3.0
2.2
2.6
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
* FROM
RT SANK
00*00
PH
SU
00*10
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
00*35
T ACOITY
CAC03
MG/L
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
00630
N02fcN03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
730605 08*0
730606 1335
730607 0815
730608 1210
1
I
1
1
SO
50
50
50
6.8
6.B
6.5
6.9
1*
22
29
2*
4
*
*
2
0.15
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.51
0.32
0.*8
1.20
0.370
0.360
0.250
0.360
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
*
1
1
1
*
6.9
6.5
6.7
*
29
1*
22
*
*
2
*
4
0.15
0.09
0.11
4
1.20
0.32
0.63
4
0.370
0.250
0.335
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
i FROM
RT BANK
00665
PHOS-T
P-WET
MG/L
00680
T ORG C
C
MG/L
31501
TOT COL I
MFIMENDO
/100ML
31616
FEC COL I
MFM-FCBR
/100ML
00500
RESIDUE
TOTAL
MG/L
00515
RESIDUE
0ISS-105
C MG/L
730605 08*0
730606 1335
730607 0815
730608 1210
)
1
1
1
SO
50
50
50
0.03
0.06
0.05
O.OB
*.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
*20
1700
1300
3000
1*0
250
230
350
101
104
129
ISO
B9
9*
106
13*
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
«
1
1
1
*
0.08
0.03
0.05
*
6.0
*.0
*.5
*
3000
*20
1605
*
350
1*0
2*3
*
150
101
121
*
134
89
106
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
* FROM
RT BANK
00530
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
009*5
SULFATE
50*
MG/L
01030
CHROMIUM
CR.0IS5
UG/L
0103*
CHROMIUM
CR.TOT
UG/L
010*0
COPPER
CU-DISS
UG/L
010*2
COPPER
CU.TOT
UG/L
730605 0840
730606 1335
730607 0815
730608 1210
1
1
1
1
50
SO
50
50
12
10
23
16
B
12
11
13
50K
50K
30K
55
50K
50K
30K
5
13
2
6
13
13
7
730 60S
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
*
1
1
I
*
23
10
IS
*
13
B
11
3
50
30
*3
*
55
30
*6
3
13
2
7
4
13
6
10
DATE TIME
DATE
TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
* FROM
RT BANK
010*5
IRON
FE.TOT
UG/L
010*6
IRON
FE.OISS
UG/L
01055
MANGNCSE
MN
UG/L
01056
MANGNCSE
MNtOISS
UG/L
32730
PHENOLS
UG/L
730605 08*0
730606 1335
730607 0815
730608 UI0
1
1
1
1
50
50
50
50
1070
1170
B30
1170
90
90
120
50
100
80
too
60
60
60
17
31
SK
5B
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
«
1
1
1
*
1170
830
1060
3
120
90
100
*
100
50
•3
3
60
60
60
*
58
5
28
-------
74
ENVIRONEMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL ttCSEAftCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION * PI-3
AGENCY - ]
UI35000
OATE TIME
DATE
TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
* FROM
RT BANK
00000
LAB
IDENT.
NUMBER
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
00000
COLOR
PT-CO
UNITS
0009S
CNOUCTVY
AT 25C
MICROMHO
00300
00
MG/L
00310
BOD
5 OAY
MG/L
00400
PM
SU
730605 1020
730406 1230
73060? 0920
730600 11IS
I
1
1
1
SO
50
SO
SO
1700
1011
1039
1076
19.0
19.0
19.0
22.0
25
20
25
35
112
112
133
175
9.1
9.4
0.6
9.1
1.7
2.6
2.4
2.0
7.0
6.0
7,0
7.3
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
mean
730606
4
I
1
1
4
22.0
19.0
19.0
4
35
20
26
4
175
112
133
4
9,4
0.6
9.0
4
2.6
1.7
2.2
4
7.3
6.6
7.0
DATE TIME
DATE
time
00003
OEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
* FROM
RT BANK
00610
1 ALK
CAC03
MO/L
00435
T ACOITY
CAC03
MG/L
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MO/L
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
00630
N02CN03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
00665
PHOS-T
P-ttT
MG/L
730605 1020
730606 1230
730607 0920
730600 I US
1
1
1
I
SO
50
SO
SO
36
39
29
35
4
6
4
2
0.05
O.OS
0*04
0.05
0.26
0.22
0.46
0.71
0.460
0.410
0*320
0.420
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.03
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
6
I
X
1
6
36
29
33
4
6
2
4
4
0.05
0.04
O.OS
4
0.71
0.22
0.42
4
0.460
0.320
0.402
4
0.07
0.03
O.OS
DATE TIME
DATE
TIME
00003
OEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
ft FROM
RT BANK
00600
T ORG C
C
MG/L
31501
TOT COL1
NFIMENDO
/I90ML
31616
FEC COU
MFM-FCBR
/100ML
00500
REStOOC
TOTAL
MO/L
00515
RCSSDUC
D1SS-105
C MO/L
00530
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
MO/L
730605 1020
T30606 1230
730607 0920
730600 HIS
1
I
I
1
50
SO
50
50
1*0
0.0
4.0
5.0
1000
1100
7000
1300
210
210
2200
130
130
04
135
165
131
76
117
157
7
0
10
0
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730600
6
1
1
1
6
0.0
1*0
4.S
4
7000
1000
2600
4
2200
130
608
4
165
64
131
4
157
76
120
4
10
7
10
ENVIROWfMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REOION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIOEON RIVER
STATION • PI-2 AGENCY - 1113S000
00003
00002
00000
00010
00000
00095
00 300
00310
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
LAB
MATER
COLOR
CNOUCTVY
DO
000
t FROM
IDENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 OAY
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
rEET
RT BANK
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MO/L
MO/L
730605 0930
1
50
177B
16.0
10
112
9.3
2.1
730690 1300
1
SO
1012
10.0
s
1U
9.6
1.0
T3000 T 0060
1
50
1B37
10.0
20
135
0.7
4.5
730600 1140
1
SO
1072
20.5
30
153
9.1
3.2
73660ft
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
20.5
30
153
9.6
4.5
MINIMUM
1
10.0
5
112
0.7
1.9
MEAN
1
10.9
16
120
0.2
2.9
730606
00003
00002
00400
00610
0063S
00610
00625
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
PH
T ALK
T ACOITY
NH3-N
TOT KJCL
ft FROM
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
N
OATE TIME
OATe
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
SU
MO/L
MO/L
K6/V
MO/L
730609 0030
1
SO
7.1
26
S
0.02
0.24
730606 1300
1
50
0.9
ti
4
0*04
1.30
730607 0040
I
50
7.0
24
2
0.04
0.30
730600 1140
1
50
7.3
20
t
0*04
0.50
730605
NUMBER
4
4
6
6
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
7*3
20
S
0.04
1.30
MINIMUM
1
0.9
22
2
0*02
0.24
MEAN
1
7.1
25
3
0.03
0.62
730600
00003
00002
00630
0066S
00600
31501
31616
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
N026N03
PHOS-T
T ORB C
TOT COU
rEC COLI
OATE TIME
time
ft FROM
N-TOTAL
P-WET
C
MFIMCNOO
MFM-FCBR
DATE
FEET
RT BANK
MO/L
MO/L
MO/L
/I0OML
/iooml
T30605 0*30
1
SO
0.660
O.OS
6.0
620
ISO
730000 1300
1
50
0.360
0.00
6.0
660
170
660
730607 0640
k
SO
0.300
0.04
6*0
4900
730600 1160
1
50
0.600
6.06
S.0
IIM
220
730005
NUMBER
maximum
4
4
4
6
4
4
1
0.660
0.09
5.0
4900
666
660
MINIMUM
1
0*360
0.06
6.0
160
NEON
730600
k
0.3ft
0.00
6.3
2066
300
-------
75
EMVIRONEMEMTM. PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - PI-«
AGENCY - 1I13SOOO
00003
00002
0000ft
00010
00000
00095
00300
00310
00400
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
LAB
WATER
COLOR
CNDUCTVY
DO
BOO
PH
ft FROM
IDENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 OAV
DATE TIME
DATE
time
FEET
RT SANK
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
MG/L
SM
730605 103S
I
SO
17ftl
20.0
70
165
6.1
7*4
0.0
730606 1210
1
50
1610
19.0
50
150
9.0
6*0
7.7
730607 0940
1
50
1040
19.0
30
151
0*5
5*2
6*7
73060ft 1100
1
50
U75
22.0
140
200
8*2
6*4
0*3
730605
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
22.0
140
200
9.0
7*4
0*3
MINIMUM
1
19.0
30
150
0.1
5.2
6*7
MEAN
1
20*0
73
167
0*4
6*4
7*7
73060ft
00003
00002
00410
00435
00610
0062S
00630
00665
00600
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
T ALK
1 ACOITt
NM3-N
TOT KJEL
N021N03
PHOS-T
T ORG C
ft FROM
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
N
N-TOTAL
P~WET
C
DATE TIME
DATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
730605 1035
1
SO
42
4
0.11
0*40
0*470
0*07
10.0
730606 1210
1
50
41
6
0*43
0.79
0*400
0*00
9.0
730607 0940
1
50
31
2
0.06
0*23
0*330
0*13
6*0
730608 1100
1
50
49
2
0*26
0*79
0.440
0.14
10.0
73060S
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
49
6
0.43
0.79
0*470
0.14
10*0
MINIMUM
I
31
2
0*06
0.23
0*330
0*07
6.0
MEAN
1
41
4
0*21
0.57
0*410
0.10
ft«ft
730600
00003
00002
31501
31616
00500
00515
00530
01030
01034
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
TOT COLI
FEC COLI
RES10UE
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
CHROMIUM
CHROMIUM
ft FROM
HF1MCN00
MFM-FCBR
TOTAL
DISS-105
TOT NPLT
CRtOISS
CM*TOT
OATE TIME
DATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
/100ML
/100ML
MG/L
C MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
73060ft 1035
1
SO
400 0
2000
160
146
14
20K
30
73060ft 1210
1
50
26000
590
102
179
13
60
155
730607 0940
1
SO
13000
3000
214
122
92
50K
40
730600 1100
1
SO
7400
330
210
107
13
30K
30K
730605
number
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
26000
3000
214
107
92
60
155
MINIMUM
1
4000
330
160
122
13
20
. 30
mean
1
12000
1600
164
161
33
40
64
73060ft
00003
00002
01040
01042
01045
01046
010S5
01056
32730
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
COPPER
COPPER
IRON
IRON
MANGNESE
MANGNESE
PHENOLS
ft FROM
CU*OISS
CU«TOT
fEtTOT
FEtDISS
MN
MN»OISS
OATE TIME
DATE
time
FEET
RT BANK
UO/L
UO/L
UG/L
UG/L
UO/L
UG/L
UG/L
730605 103ft
1
50
12
12
1000
100
50
37
50
73060ft 1210
1
50
7
10
070
90
45
25
35
730607 0940
1
50
5K
13
4270
90
105
20
14
73060ft 1100
1
50
4K
6
1070
100
70
40
40
730605
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
V
12
13
4270
100
105
60
50
MINIMUM
1
4
6
070
90
45
20
14
MEAN
1
7
10
1003
95
60
31
35
73060S
-------
76
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON ftlVEft
STATION - Pl-6
A6CMCY - 1113S900
OATE TIME OATC TIME
730*05 WOO
730606 1005
730607 1120
730600 0930
73060$
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
00003
00002
00000
00010
00080
00095
00300
00310
00400
depth
MSAMPLOC
LAB
MATER
COLOR
CNOUCTVY
00
BOD
PH
* FROM
IOENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 DAY
FEET
RT BANK
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
MG/L
SU
1
5
1789
20*0
45
16B
8.1
6*8
6.0
1
SO
1605
19.0
20
13B
8*5
4.8
6.8
1
IS
1845
19.0
15
162
8.3
5.6
6.9
1
IS
1860
20.0
25
173
8.5
2.8
7.0
20*0
19*0
19.S
45
15
26
6
173
139
160
4
6.5
8.1
9.3
6.8
2.8
5.0
8.0
6.8
7,2
00003
00002
00410
00435
00610
00B25
00630
00665
DEPTH
HSAHPLOC
T ALK
T ACUITY
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
N026N03
PMOS-T
6 FROM
CAC03
CAC03
total
N
N-TOTAL
P-HET
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
730605 1400
1
5
46
0
0.17
0*45
0*470
0.16
730606 1005
1
50
31
6
0.24
0*32
0.400
0.24
730607 1120
1
15
33
4
0.17
0.38
0.360
0.16
730608 0 930
1
15
35
4
0.43
0.34
0.460
0.16
730605
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
46
6
0.43
0.45
0.470
0.24
MINIMUM
1
31
0
0.17
0*32
0.360
0.16
MEAN
1
36
4
0.25
0*37
0.422
0.18
730608
00003
00002
0O6B0
31501
31616
00900
00S15
00530
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
T ORG C
TOT COLI
FEC COL I
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
% FROM
C
mtimenoo
MFM-FCBR
TOTAL
OISS-105
TOT NTLT
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
MG/L
/100ML
/100ML
MO/L
C MG/L
MG/L
730605 1400
1
5
7.0
110000
77000
164
149
15
730606 1005
1
50
5*0
8000
1000K
104
93
11
730607 1120
1
15
6.0
16000
6300
215
122
93
730608 0930
1
15
4.0
2000
100K
158
143
15
730605
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
7.0
110000
77000
215
149
93
MINIMUM
1
4.0
2000
100
104
93
11
MEAN
1
5.5
34000
21100
100
127
34
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB*
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - PI-S AGENCY - 1113SOOO
00003
00002
ooooo
00010
OOOBO
00095
00300
00310
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
LAB
HATER
COLOR
CNOUCTVY
00
SOU
% FROM
10CMT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 29C
5 DAT
OATE TIME
DATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MO/L
MO/L
730605 1100
1
50
1782
19.0
15
112
8.6
2.9
730606 1440
1
50
1819
11.0
29
139
9.4
2.1
730607 1000
1
50
1861
19.0
15
191
8*4
3.3
730608 1020
1
90
1876
20*0
90
172
B.S
3.1
730609
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
6
4
MAXIMUM
1
20.0
90
172
9.4
3.3
MINIMUM
1
18.0
19
112
8.4
2.1
MEAN
1
19.0
26
143
8.7
2.8
730608
00003
00002
00400
00410
00435
00610
00629
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
PH
1 ALK
T ACD1TY
NH3-N
TOT ftjEL
I FROM
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
N
DATE TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
SU
MO/L
MO/L
MG/L
MO/L
730605 UOO
1
98
7.1
24
4
0.04
0.16
730606 1460
1
90
7.0
33
4
0.89
0.78
730607 1000
1
90
o.a
33
4
O.U
0.95
730608 1020
1
98
7.0
37
2
0.05
0.47
730BOS
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
7.1
37
4
0.12
0.78
MINIMUM
1
6.8
24
2
0.84
8*16
MEAN
1
7.0
32
4
0.06
8*49
730BOB
00003
00002
00630
00665
00660
31901
31616
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
N024N03
Ph s-f
T ORG C
TOT COL I
FEC COLI
OATE TIMC
OATE
I FROM
n-total
».*ET
C
MFIMCNOO
mfm-fcba
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
MO/L
»/l
MO/L
/UOML
/100ML
730605 UOO
1
90
0.490
0.06
8.0
27000
12000
730606 1460
I
50
0.400
0.07
4.0
3199
9989
999
730607 1000
1
90
0.380
0.13
7.0
5600
730608 1020
1
50
0.340
0.06
0.0
29000
360
730605
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
0.450
0.13
7.0
27080
12000
MINIMUM
1
0*340
0.06
4*0
3100
380
MEAN
I
0.392
0.08
9.8
14690
4619
730608
-------
77
ENVIRONEMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
southeast environmental research lab.
PIGEON RIVER
5TATION - PI-T
AGENCY - 1113S000
DATE
TIME
DATE TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
4 FROM
RT BANK
00006
LAB
10ENT.
NUMBER
00010
HATER
TEMP
CENT
00080
COLOR
PT-CO
UNITS
00095
CNOUCTV*
AT 2SC
MICROMHO
00300
00
M6/L
00310
BOD
5 DAY
MG/L
730605 1430
730606 0855
V 30607 1030
730608 0850
1790
1803
1803
1858
21.0
19.0
19.0
20.0
10
20
15
20
162
138
157
173
8.2
8.2
8.2
7.8
3.4
3.A
4.0
6.0
730605
NUMBER
MAX I HUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
4
21.0
19.0
19.8
4
20
10
16
4
173
138
158
4
8.2
7,8
8.1
4
6.0
3.4
4.2
JATE TIME
DATE TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
tt FROM
RT BANK
00400
PH
su
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
00435
r a com
CAC03
MG/L
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
00625
TOT KJtL
N
MG/L
00630
N024N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
730605 1430
730606 0855
730607 1030
730608 0850
7.4
7.0
7.0
7.0
40
27
35
33
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.10
0.26
0.32
0.44
0.60
0.470
0.470
0.370
0.390
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
4
7.4
7.0
7.1
4
40
27
34
4
0.10
0.06
0.08
4
0.60
0.26
0.40
4
0.470
0.370
0.425
DATE TIME
DATE TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
» FROM
RT dANK
00665
PHOS-T
P-WET
MG/L
00680
ORG C
C
MG/L
31501
TOT COLI
MFIMENOO
/100ML
31616
F£C COLI
MFM-FC8R
/100ML
00500
RESIDUE
TOTAL
MG/L
00515
RESIOUE
DISS-10S
C MG/L
730605 1430
730606 0855
730607 1030
730608 0850
0.14
0.08
0.16
0.08
6.0
4.0
7.0
4.0
62000
7000
27000
6100
5000
900
8400
1200
172
113
23B
169
147
98
119
145
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
4
0.16
0.08
0.11
4
4.0
5.3
4
62000
6100
25525
4
8400
900
3875
4
238
113
173
4
147
98
127
DATE
TIME
DATE TIM£
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
* FROM
RT BANK
00530
SESIOUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
00945
SULFATE
S04
MG/L
01030
CHROMIUM
CRtOISS
UG/L
01034
CHROMIUM
CR.TOT
UG/L
01040
COPPER
CU-DISS
UG/L
01042
COPPER
CU.TOT
UG/L
730605 1430
730606 0855
730607 1030
730608 0850
25
15
119
24
17
14
14
16
50K
50K
30K
30*
50K
50K
30K
30K
SK
5K
2
4K
10
9
9
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
4
119
15
46
4
17
14
15
4
50
30
40
4
50
30
40
3
10
9
9
DATE TIME
730605 1430
730606 0855
730607 1030
730608 0850
DATE TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
1
1
I
1
00002
HSAMPLOC
% FROM
RT BANK
S
5
5
S
01045
IRON
FE.TOT
UG/L
1720
1120
5070
1500
01046
IRON
FE.DISS
UG/L
90
TO
120
80
01055
MANGNESE
MN
UG/L
100
45
140
70
01056
MANGNESE
MN.DISS
UG/L
45
25
20 K
37
32730
PHENOLS
UG/L
9
48
5K
5K
730605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
4
5070
1120
2353
4
120
TO
90
4
140
45
69
4
45
20
32
4
48
5
17
-------
£MVf«?ON£M£NTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAt RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - PT2-2 AGENCY - 1U3S000
00003
00002
00008
00010
00080
00095
00300
00310
UfcPfH
msamploc
LAB
MATER
COLOR
CNOUCTVY
DO
BOD
ft FROM
I DENT*
TEMP
pr-co
AT 25C
5 OAY
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
MG/L
730605 1310
1
50
1787
19.0
SK
ZS4
6.2
2.2
730606 1035
1
50
1808
17.0
5
286
8.6
3.2
730607 101*
1
SO
1062
ia»o
10
135
8.S
2.6
73060® 1000
1
SO
1877
20.0
25
162
8.5
3.7
730605
NUMBER
4
*
4
4
*
6
MAXIMUM
1
20.0
25
286
0.6
3.7
MINIMUM
I
17.0
S
135
8.2
2.2
MEAN
1
18.5
II
209
8.4
2.9
730608
00003
00002
00400
00 MO
00635
00610
0062S
00630
DEPTH
HSAMPLUC
PH
T ALK
T ACOITY
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
N024MQ3
% FROM
CAC03
CAC03
total
N
N-TOTAL
DATE TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
su
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
730605 1310
1
SO
7.3
130
6
0.05
0.2)
0.490
730606 1039
1
SO
7.0
135
4
0.15
0.52
0.440
730607 1015
1
50
7.0
67
4
0.06
0.33
0.330
730606 1000
1
50
7.1
88
2
0.1S
0.69
0.280
73060S
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
7.3
135
6
0.15
0.69
0.490
MINIMUM
1
7.0
67
2
0.05
0.21
0.280
ME AH
1
7.1
105
4
0.10
0.44
0*385
730608
00003
00002
00665
00680
31S01
31616
00060
OEPTH
HSAMRLOC
PHOS-T
T ORG C
TOT COLI
FEC COL I
STREAM
ft FROM
P-WET
C
MFIMENOO
mfm-fcbr
FLOW
OAtE TIME
DATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
MG/L
MG/L
/I00ML
/100ML
crs
730605 1310
1
so
0.05
1.0
1700
730
16.6
730606 1035
1
50
0.00
2.0
tiooo
3800
730607 1015
1
50
0.16
3.0
20000
7400
04.0
730608 1000
*
SO
0.14
3.0
16000
5100
730605
NUMBER
«~
6
6
4
4
2
MAXIMUM
1
0.16
3.0
20000
7400
04.0
MINIMUM
1
0*09
1.0
1700
730
16.6
MEAN
1
O.U
2.3
I217S
4258
40.3
730608
ENVIRONEMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - PTI-1
AGENCY - 1143*000
DATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00003
DEPTH
FEET
00002
HSAMPLOC
ft FROM
RT OANK
OQOOO
lam
IOEMT.
NUMBER
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
000BO
COLOR
PT-CO
UNITS
00095
CNOUCTVY
AT 2SC
MfCROMHO
00300
00
MO/L
00310
BOO
5 DAY
MO/L
730605 0045
750606 1315
730607 0850
730608 1150
0
1
1
1
50
50
50
50
1779
1013
1030
1073
10.0
10.0
10.0
20.5
5
5
5
15
29
70
54
51
9*5
10.1
9.4
9.6
1 •*
2.1
2.1
1.5
790605
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
4
I
0
t
4
20*5
10.0
10.0
*
IS
5
0
4
TO
29
51
4
10*1
9.4
0.6
4
2.1
1*4
l.B
OATE TIME
DATE
TIME
00003
OEPTH
FEET
00002
MSAMPLOC
ft FROM
RT OANK
00400
PH
SU
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MO/L
00435
T ACOITY
CAC03
MO/L
00010
NH3-N
TOTAL
MO/L
00625
TOT KJCL
N
MO/L
730605 0045
73000* 1315
730607 0850
73000# 1J50
0
1
1
1
50
50
50
50
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.8
30
37
27
29
2
0
4
2
0.0ft
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.12
0.16
0.60
0.29
730605
number
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
4
1
0
1
4
r.o
7.3
T.5
./
4
6
2
4
4
0.00
0.02
0*03
4
0*60
0.12
0*29
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00003
PEP TM
recr
00002
MSAMPLOC
ft FROM
Rf BANK
00038
N026N03
H-TOTAL
MO/L
'
oooao
T ORG C
C
MO/L
31501
TOT COL!
MFIMENOO
/100MC
31616
FEC COL!
MFM-FCBR
/100ML
738*05 0045
738000 1315
730007 0050
TMOOB 1150
0
1
l
i
58
50
50
SO
0.370
0*320
0*240
0.210
J.01
0.03
0.03
0.01
WOK
1.0K
1.0K
1.0
J 900
3B00
34Q0
1800
0*0
uoo
410
0*
730005
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730000
+
l
0
1
0.370
0.240
0*302
4
0*03
0.01
0.02
4
WO
1.0
1.0
4
3800
1800
2725
4
1100
M
•39
-------
79
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - PT2-1 AGENCY - 1113SOOO
00003
00002
00008
00010
00080
00095
00300
00310
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
LAB
WATER
COLOR
CNOUCTVY
DO
BOO
% FROM
IDENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 OAT
DATE TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
NUMBER
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
MG/L
730605 1340
1
50
1788
21.0
25
731
6.4
20.0
730606 0940
1
50
1804
19.0
30
783
6.1
18.0
730607 1100
1
SO
1844
19.0
10
297
7.7
8.8
730608 091S
1
SO
1859
19.0
20
413
7.3
15.0
73060S
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAX IMUM
1
21.0
30
783
7.7
20.0
MINIMUM
1
19.0
10
297
6.1
8.8
MEAN
1
19.5
21
556
6.9
15.4
730608
00003
00002
00400
00410
00435
00610
00625
00630
DEPTH
HSAMPLOC
PH
T ALK
T ACOITY
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
N024N03
% FROM
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
N
N-TOTAL
DATE TIME
DATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
7 30 60S 13M)
1
SO
7.2
128
8
0.31
1.05
0.880
730606 0940
1
SO
7.5
127
10
0.23
0.69
0.730
730607 1100
1
50
7.1
69
4
0.1S
0.58
0.360
730608 0915
1
SO
7.4
78
6
0.31
1.00
0.340
730605
number
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
7.5
128
10
0.31
1.05
0.880
MINIMUM
1
7.1
69
4
0.15
0.58
0.340
MEAN
1
7.3
101
7
0.25
0.83
0.577
730608
00003
00002
00665
00680
31501
31616
01030
01034
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
PHOS-T
T ORG C
TOT COLI
FEC COLI
CHROMIUM
CHROMIUM
% FROM
P-HET
C
MFIMENDO
MFM-FCBS
CR.DISS
CR.TOT
DATE TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
MG/L
MG/L
/100ML
/100ML
UG/L
UG/L
730605 1340
1
50
0.68
16.0
7300
2700
75
105
730606 09*0
1
SO
0.23
17.0
13000
1500
50K
50K
730607 1100
1
50
0.2S
7.0
34000
12000
125
165
730608 0915
1
50
0.21
0.0
20000
10000
30K
30
730605
NUMBER
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
0.68
17.0
34000
12000
125
165
MINIMUM
1
0.21
7.0
7300
1500
30
30
MEAN
I
0.34
12.0
18575
6550
70
80
730608
00003
00002
01040
01042
01045
01046
01055
01056
OEPTH
HSAMPLOC
COPPER
COPPER
IRON
IRON
MANGNESE
MANGNESE
« FROM
CU-OISS
CU.TOT
FE.TOT
FE.DISS
MM
MN.OISS
DATE TIME
OATE
TIME
FEET
RT BANK
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
730605 1340
1
50
5
1070
30
320
280
730606 0940
1
50
7
13
920
30K
340
310
730607 1100
1
50
6
10
$300
180
215
85
730608 0915
1
50
6
10
3120
70
215
140
73060S
NUMBER
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
MAXIMUM
1
7
13
5300
180
340
310
MINIMUM
1
5
10
920
30
215
85
MEAN
1
6
U
2603
78
273
204
730608
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCr
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - SO-1
AGENCY - 1U3SOOO
00008
00010
00080
00095
00310
00400
00410
LAB
MATER
COLOR
CNDUCTVY
BOD
PM
T ALK
I0ENT.
TEMP
PT-CO
AT 25C
5 DAY
CAC03
DATt
TIME
DATE
TIME
NUMdEi?
CENT
UNITS
MICROMHO
MG/L
SU
MG/L
730606
1*20
1818
24.0
7.9
730605
1530
<0 730606
1420
1817
60
1080
16.0
455
730607
1405
1849
24.0
7.3
730606
1420
(CI 730607
1405
1848
120
1040
11.0
439
730606
1200
1879
24.0
7.2
730607
1405
(C> 730608
1200
1881
1040
16.0
388
730605
NUM8ER
3
2
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
24.0
120
1080
16.0
7.9
455
MINIMUM
24.0
60
1040
11.0
7.2
388
MEAN
24.0
90
1053
14.3
7.5
427
730608
00435
00610
00625
00630
00665
00680
31501
T ACUITY
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
N021N03
PHOS-T
T ORG C
TOT COL I
CAC03
TOTAL
N
N-TOTAL
P-KET
C
MFIMENDO
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
/100ML
730606
1420
1200
730605
1530
(C)730606
1420
15
0.67
3.30
4.700
2.40
38.0
730607
1*05
5K
730606
1420
CC>730607
1405
2
0.32
3.55
5.900
2.90
36.0
730600
1200
1500
730607
1405
(C)730608
1200
6
0.22
4.90
9.200
3.40
42.0
730605
NUM6ER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
15
0.67
4.90
9.200
3.40
42.0
1500
MINIMUM
2
0.22
3.30
4.700
2.40
36.0
5
MEAN
8
0.40
3.92
6.600
2.90
38.7
902
730608
31616
00500
00515
00530
00340
00403
50050
FEC COLI
RESI0UE
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
COD
LAB
CONDUIT
HFM-TCBR
TOTAL
DISS-105
TOT NFLT
Hi LEVEL
PH
FLOW
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
/100ML
MG/L
C MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
SU
MGO
730606
1420
60
730605
1530
(C> 730606
1420
744
709
35
107
7.7
0.132
730607
1405
5K
730606
1420
(C)730607
1405
1076
1028
48
107
7.3
0.123
730608
1200
67
730607
140S
(C)730608
1200
1141
1084
57
109
7.3
0.108
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
67
1141
1084
57
109
7.7
0.132
MINIMUM
5
744
709
35
107
7.3
0.108
MEAN
44
987
940
47
108
7.4
0.121
730608
CO
O
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - SO-2
AGENCY - 1113SOQO
OATE TIME
DATE
TIME
00008
LAB
IOENT.
NUMBER
00010
HATER
TEMP
CENT
00080
COLOR
PT-CO
UNITS
00095
CNOUCTVY
AT 25C
MICROMHO
00310
BOO
5 OAY
MG/L
00400
PH
SU
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
00435
T ACUITY
CAC03
HG/L
T30606 ISiO
T30607 1400
730608 1235
1816
1850
1880
22.0
26.0
24.0
50
520
583
504
36.0
8.0
SO.O
6.8
6.5
5.9
108
127
137
46
19
20
730606
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
73060S
3
26.0
22.0
24.0
1
3
583
504
536
3
SO.O
8.0
31.3
3
6.8
5.9
6,4
3
137
108
124
3
46
19
28
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
00630
N024N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
00665
PHOS-T
P-HET
MG/L
00680
T ORG C
C
MG/L
31501
TOT COLI
MFIMENOQ
/100ML
31616
FEC COLI
MFM-FCBR
/100ML
730606 1510
730607 1400
730608 1235
22.10
25.60
28.00
22.80
32.00
30.00
0.010K
0.050
0.010K
14.20
12.00
8.30
56.0
47.0
35.0
150
5K
50
3K
730606
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
3
28.00
22.10
25.23
3
32*00
22.80
28.27
3
0.050
0.010
0.023
3
14.20
8.30
11.50
3
56.0
35.0
46.0
2
150
5
78
2
SO
3
27
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
00500
RESIDUE
TOTAL
MG/L
00515
RESIOUE
DISS—105
C MG/L
00530
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
00340
COO
HI LEVEL
M6/L
00403
LAB
PH
SU
50050
CONDUIT
FLOW
HGO
50060
CHLORINE
TOT RESD
MG/L
730606 1510
730607 1400
730608 123S
257
427
359
201
344
330
56
83
29
136
164
6.4
6.4
6.5
0.009
0.009
0.009
7.00
0.50
730606
NUMBER
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MEAN
730608
3
427
257
348
3
344
201
292
3
83
29
56
2
164
136
150
3
6.5
6.4
6.4
3
0.009
0.009
0.009
2
7.00
O.SO
3.75
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB.
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - SV-1 AGENCY - 1113SOOO
00008
00010
00095
00310
00400
00410
00435
00610
00625
LAB
WATER
CNOUCTVY
BOO
PH
T ALK
T ACDITY
NH3-N
TOT KJEL
IOENT.
TEMP
AT 25C
5 DAY
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
N
OATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
NUMBER
CENT
MICROMHO
MG/L
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
730605
0800
(C)730606
0800
1796
574
660.0
141
15
0.09
11.30
730606
0930
1798
32.0
7.3
730607
0930
1830
32.0
7.3
730606
0930
JC)730607
0930
1829
585
630.0
125
12
0.85
13.50
730607
0930
(C)730608
0800
1863
570
340.0
161
14
0.90
7.60
730608
0930
1868
32.0
8.0
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
32.0
585
660.0
8.0
161
15
0.90
13.50
MINIMUM
32.0
570
340.0
7.3
125
12
0.09
7.60
MEAN
32.0
576
543.3
7.5
142
14
0.61
10.80
730608
00630
00665
00680
00500
00515
00530
00340
00403
50050
N02&N03
PHOS-T
T ORG C
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
COD
LAB
CONDUIT
N-TOTAL
P-WET
C
TOTAL
DISS-105
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
PH
FLOW
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
C MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
SU
MGD
730605
0800
(C)730606
0800
0.010
6.10
150.0
745
680
65
482
6.5
1.413
730606
0930
730607
0930
730606
0930
(C>730607
0930
0.120
4.70
17.0
3962
3902
60
538
6.3
1.427
730607
0930
IC)730608
0800
0.340
3.10
128.0
615
539
76
427
6.2
1.407
730608
0930
730605
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
0.340
6.10
150.0
3962
3902
76
538
6.5
1.427
MINIMUM
0.010
3.10
17.0
615
539
60
427
6.2
1.407
MEAN
0.157
4.63
98.3
1774
1707
67
482
6.3
1.416
730608
00
ro
-------
CO
u>
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
SOUTHEAST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB*
PIGEON RIVER
STATION - SV-2 AGENCY - 1113S000
00008
00010
00095
00310
00400
00410
00435
00610
00625
LAB
MATER
CNOUCTVY
BOO
PH
T ALK
T ACDITY
NH3-N
TOT KJEI
1DENT.
TEMP
AT 25C
5 DAY
CAC03
CAC03
TOTAL
N
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
NUMBER
CENT
MICROMHO
MG/L
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
730606 0930
1797
36.0
260
16.0
7.6
88
8
0.15
1.25
730607 0935
1831
30.0
208
6.5
7.3
63
4
0.12
0.76
730608 0955
1864
32.0
208
7.2
7.2
71
6
0.08
0.34
730606
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
36.0
260
16.0
7.6
88
8
0.15
1.25
MINIMUM
30.0
208
6.5
7.2
63
4
0.08
0.34
MEAN
32.7
225
9.9
7.4
74
6
0.12
0.78
730608
00630
00665
00680
00500
00515
00530
00340
00403
50050
N02M403
PHOS-T
T ORG C
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
RESIDUE
COO
LAB
CONDUIT
N-TOTAL
P-XET
C
TOTAL
DISS-105
TOT NFLT
MI LEVEL
PH
FLOW
OATE TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
C MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
SU
MGO
730606 0930
0.930
0.91
12.0
219
213
6
57
7.2
0.050
730607 0935
0,440
0.51
7.0
164
154
10
50K
6.6
0.050
730608 0955
0.670
0.42
7.0
165
161
4
50K
6.3
0.050
730606
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
MAXIMUM
0.930
0.91
12.0
219
213
10
57
7.2
0.050
MINIMUM
0.440
0.42
7.0
164
154
4
50
6.3
0.050
MEAN
0.680
0.61
8.7
183
176
7
52
6.7
0.050
730608
-------
APPENDIX C
ANALYTICAL METHODS
-------
85
ANALYTICAL METHODS
Parameter Method Reference
Biochemical Oxygen Demand Winkler DO, 5*-Day 1, 2
Total Organic Carbon Carbon Analyzer 2
Nonfilterable Solids Gravimetric 1
Color Visual Against Co.-Pt. Standard 1
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Automated Phenolate Method 2
Ammonia Automated Phenolate Method 2
Nitjrate-Nitrite Copper-Cadmium Reduction, Automated 2
Phosphorus Ascorbic Acid Method 2
Detergent Methylene Blue 1
Acidity and Alkalinity Volumetric 1
Dissolved Oxygen Winkler 1
Oil and Grease Solvent Extraction 1
Phenols 4-Aminoantipyrine 1
Total Solids Gravimetric, 105°C 1
Filterable Solids Difference between Total and
Suspended Solids -
Metals Atomic Absorption 2
pH Electrometric 1
Total Coliform MPN 1
Salmonella Method of Spino -
Fecal Coliform MPN 1
Organic Scan SEWL -
1. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th
Edition, 1971.
2» EPA Manual of Methods for Chemical Analyses of Water and Wastes, 1971.
3. ASTM Book of Standards, Part 23, 1971.
-------
86
SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR
SPARK SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETER
A 100 ml sample is heated with 0.5 ml HNO3 and 5 mis HCL until
the volume is decreased to 15-20 mis. If there are sand particles
present, the sample is diluted to approximately 50 mis and filtered.
The filtrate is again evaporated to 10-15 mis and 300 mg graphite is
added. This mixture is slowly evaporated to dryness with an infrared
lamp. The resulting contaminated graphite is pressed into electrodes
that can be mounted in the spark source mass spectrometer for analysis.
-------
87
PROCEDURE FOR ORGANIC ANALYSES
Samples collected from Station CH-1 were approximately neutral pH
when received. They were extracted with petroleum ether, then acidified
with sulfuric acid and reextracted with methylene chloride. The samples
were dried by passing through glass wool and then concentrated to 1 ml
in a Kuderna-Danish concentrator. The acid extract was esterified using
diazomethane. All extracts were injected into a gas chromatograph
equipped with a flame ionization detector. The neutral organics were
analyzed with a column packed with three percent SE-30 Chromosorb W,
HP, while polar organics were analyzed with a column of three percent
Silar 5 CP on Gas Chrom Q. Both columns were glass 6* X 2.5 mm I.D.
and used in ovens programmed from 75° - 240° at 10°/min. Any peaks
detected were subjected to further analysis with the Finnigan GC/MS
Model 1015 system. The compounds listed were confirmed by injecting
a known standard into the GC/MS. Quantitation was done on the gas
chromatograph.
All samples were extracted in duplicate and the concentrations
found represent the average of the duplicate. Concentrations found
should be considered minimum concentrations as the percent recovery
of each compound from water is unknown.
-------
88
APPENDIX D
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IDENTIFIED
-------
aiEMICAI. SERVICES BRANCH
SAD, EPA, REGION IV
ATHENS, GEORGIA 30601
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IDENTIFIED
PROJECT Pigeon River & Sinking Creek -
Newport, TN
SAMPLING DATE June, 1973
SAD
Number Industry or Source
1807A Chemetron acetophenone
1807A
1807A
1807A
1807A
1807A
Organic Compound
Cone.
Found
rot/L
0.69
COC1I,"
Chemical
Formula
ortho-nltroacetophenone
_0
18.
NO.
S ^COCH,
m-and/or p-nltroacetophenone 4.4
did not have
correct isomer
to use as a standard
aainoacetophenone
a-hydroxyacetophenone
m-nltrophenol
2.1
2.7
- oh
0-
COCH,
NO,
Chemical
Class
aromatic
ketone
nitrated
aromatic
ketone
nitrated
aromatic
ketone
a keto
aromatic
amine
a keto
aromatic
phenol
nitrated
phenol
1/
Water
Solubility
slightly
soluble
5/
Insoluble 5/
meta isomer
very soluble
hot vater
o.m.p-slightly
soluble —
CO
<£>
Sources or
Uses
probably an
intermediate
probably a
fry product
ortho-insoluble
Et&p slightly—' product
product
Bllghtly soluble intermediate
1807A
1807A
1807A
acetone
methylene chloride
pyridine
1.2
CHj-CQ-CH^
o
ketone
chlorinated
alkane
pyridine
aisclble
slightly
soluble
soluble
solvent
solvent
probably on
intermediate
1807A
2-hexanone
did not have
standard to verify
intermediate or
solvent
-------
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IDENTIFIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS OF EACH
SAO
Sumber
Cone.
Found
Organic Compound
Toxicity Data
mg/kg of
Fish
Toxicity
Taste
&
Odor
1807A
ace tophenone 0.69
1/
low toxicity
unknown
Threshold .odor
65 me/L —
in
water
1807A
o-nitroacetophenone 18.
see information for
m-isomer
unknown
unknown
1807A
a-and/or p-nitroacetophnone 4.4
6/
Intraperitoneal Injection
mouse -LD 200 mg/kg
unknown
unknown
1807A
aminoacetophenone
£/
Intraperitoneal Injection
mouse -LD 465 mg/kg
unknown
unknown
1B07A
mr-hy dr oxy acetophenone 2.1
6/
For the Isomer - Intraperitoneal
injection - mouse LD 200 mg/kg
unknown
unknown
1807A
m-nltrophenol 2.7
1/
highly toxic,
Toxic threshold fogy
daphnia - 24 mg/L
unknown
1807A
acetone
moderately toxic: - probable lethal
dose for man 500 mg-50 gm/kg —
48 hr. TLM for mosquito fish
is 13.000 uir/L ~
Threshold^pdor
100 me/L ~
in
water
1807A
methylene chloride
moderately toxic: - probablej^ethal
dose to man 500 mg-50 gm/kg —
unknown
unknown
1807A
pyridine 1.2
moderately toxic: probable lethal
dose to man 500 mg-50 gm/kg
96 hr. TLM for mosquito fish
is 1300 g/1 1>
Threshold/odor
82 mg/L ~
in
water
1807A
2-hexanone
(O
o
-------
91
1/
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
Ner York, New York 8th Ed., 1971.
1/
Gleason, Gosselin, Hodge & Smith, Clinical Toxicology of Commercial
Products, The Williams & Welkins Co., Baltimore, Maryland, 3rd Ed.,
1969.
2/
California Water Quality Criteria, California Water Resources Control
Board, Publ. 2-A, 2nd Ed. 1963.
4/
Compilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data, American Society
for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1973.
5/
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.,
Cleveland, Ohio, 40th Ed., 1959.
6/
The Toxic Substances List, National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, USDHEW, Rockville, Maryland, 1972 Ed.
-------
APPENDIX E
METAL SCAN
-------
93
Station # PI-1 (Composite of SAD #'s 1777, 1814, 1836, and
1871)
Element yg/L
Lead
1.5
Calcium
OS
Cerium
2
Pota8S.L.UU
OS
Barium
24
Chlorine
OS
Zirconium
3.6
Sulfur
OS
Strontium
35
Phosphorous
OS
Bromine
7
Silicon
OS
Zinc
8
Sodium
OS
Copper
2.2
Aluminum
OS
Cobalt
2
Iron
OS
Manganese
63
OS - Off Scale
Chromium
15
Vanadium
4.8
Titanium
80
Scandium
1
Magnesium
36
Fluorine
29
Boron
3
Station # PI-7
(Composite of SAD #'s
1790, 1803, 1843, and
1858)
Element
Ug/L
Lead
2.2
Calcium
OS
Cerium
3.7
Potassium
OS
Lanthanum
1
Chlorine
OS
Barium
56
Sulfur
OS
Niobium
1
Phosphorous
OS
Zirconium
11
Silicon
OS
Strontium
55
Aluminum
OS
Rubidium
1.5
Magnesium
OS
Bromine
7.6
Sodium
OS
Gallium
13
Boron
—
Zinc
23
Copper
4
Cobalt
2.5
OS - Off Scale
Iron
OS
Manganese
OS
Chromium
33
Vanadium
5.4
Titanium
180
Scandium
2
Fluorine
125
-------
APPENDIX F
TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
-------
95
GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE DEFINITION AND CONTROL OF
POLLUTION IN THE WATERS OF TENNESSEE
Adopted on October 26, 1971
Amended on December m, 1971, and October 30, 1973
Tennessee Water Quality Control Board
The Water Quality Control Act of 1971, Section 70-324 thru Section 70-342,
Tennessee Code Annotated, makes it the duty of the Water Quality Control
Board to stud/ and investigate all problems concerned with the pollution of
the waters of the State and with its prevention, abatement, and control and
to establish such standards of quality for any waters of the State in relation
to their reasonable and necessary use as the Board shall deem to be in the
public interest and establish general policies relating to existing or pro-
posed future pollution as the Board shall deem necessary to accomplish the
purpose of the Control Act. The following general considerations and
criteria are officially adopted by the Board as a guide in determining
the permissible conditions of waters with respect to pollution and the
preventive or corrective measures required to control pollution in various
waters or in different sections of the same waters.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. Waters have many uses which in the public interest are reasonable and
necessary. Such uses include: sources of water supply for domestic
and industrial purposes; propagation and maintenance of fish and other
desirable aquatic life; recreational boating and fishing; the final
disposal of municipal sewage and industrial waste following adequate
treatment; stock watering and irrigation; navigation; generation of
power; and the enjoyment of scenic and esthetic qualities of the waters.
2. The rigid application of uniform water quality is not desirable or
reasonable because of the varying uses of such waters. The assimilative
capacity of a stream for sewage and waste varies depending upon various
factors including the following: volume of flow, depth of channel, the
presence of falls or rapids, rate of flew, temperature, natural
characteristics, and the nature of the stream. Also the relative
importance assigned to each use will differ for different waters and
sections of waters throughout the stream.
3. To permit reasonable and necessary uses of the waters of the State,
existing pollution should be corrected as rapidly as practical and
future pollution controlled by treatment plants or other measures.
There is an economical balance between the cost of sewage and waste
treatment and the benefits received. Within permissible limits,
the dilution factor and the assimilative capacity of surface water
should be utilized. Waste recovery, control of rates and dispersion
-------
96
- 2 -
of waste into the streams, and control of rates and characteristics
of flow of waters in the stream where adequate, will be considered to
be a means of correction.
4. Sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes, as defined in The Water
Quality Control Act of 1971, Section 70-324 thru Section 70-342,
Tennessee Code Annotated, shall not be discharged into or adjacent to
streams or other surface waters in such quantity and of such character
or under such conditions of discharge in relation to the receiving
waters as will result in visual or olfactory nuisances, undue inter-
ference to other reasonable and necessary uses of the water, or
appreciable damage to the natural processes of self-purification.
In relation to the various qualities and the specific uses of the
receiving waters, no sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes dis-
charged shall be responsible for conditions that fail to meet the
criteria of water quality outlined below. Bypassing or accidental
spills will not be tolerated.
The criteria of water quality outlined below are considered as guides
in applying the water quality objectives in order to insure reasonable
and necessary uses of the waters of the State. In order to protect
the public health and maintain the water suitable for other reasonable
and necessary uses; to provide for future development-, to allow proper
sharing of available water resources; and to meet the needs of parti-
cular situations, additional criteria will be set.
CRITERIA OF WATER CONDITIONS
1. Domestic few Water Supply
(a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved
oxygen present to prevent odors of decomposition and other
offensive conditions.
(b) pH - The pH value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and
shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period
of 24 hours.
(c) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added
to the waters that will increase the hardness or mineral content
of the waters to such an extent to appreciably impair the useful-
ness of the water as a source of domestic water supply.
(d) Total Dissolved Solids - The total dissolved solids shall at no
time exceed 500 mg/1.
(e) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no
distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation
of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character
as may impair the usefulness of the water as a source of domestic
water supply.
-------
(f) Turbidity or Color - There shall be no turbidity or color added in
amounts or characteristics that can not be reduced to acceptable
concentrations by conventional water treatment processes.
(g) Temperature - The maximum water temperature change shall not
exceed 3C° relative to an upstream control point. The temperature
of the water shall not exceed 30.5°C and the maximum rate of
change shall not exceed 2CP per hour. The temperature of impound-
ments where stratification occurs will be measured at a depth of
5 feet, or mid-depth whichever is less, and the temperature in
flowing streams shall be measured at mid-depth.
(h) Coliform - The concentration of the fecal ooliform group shall
not exceed 1,000 per 100 ml. as the logarithmic mean based on
a minimum of 10 samples collected from a given sampling site over
a period of not more than 30 consecutive days with individual
sarrples being collected at intervals of not less than 12 hours.
In addition, the concentration of the fecal coliform group in
any individual sample shall not exceed 5,000 per 100 ml.
(i) Taste or Odor - There shall be no substances added which will result'
in taste or odor that prevent the production of potable water by
conventional water treatment processes.
(j) Toxic Substances - There shall be no toxic substances added to the
waters that will produce toxic conditions that materially affect
man or animals or impair the safety of a conventionally treated
water supply.
(k) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water
in quantities that may be detrimental to public health or impair
the usefulness of the water as a source of domestic water supply.
Industrial Water Supply.
(a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved oxygen
present to prevent odors of decomposition and other offensive condi-
tions.
(b) pH - The pH value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and shall
not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period of 24
hours.
(c) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added
to the waters that will increase the hardness or mineral content
of the waters to such an extent as to appreciably impair the useful-
ness of the water as a source of industrial water supply.
(d) Total Dissolved Solids - The total dissolved solids shall at no
time exceed 500 mg/1.
-------
98
- 4 -
(e) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no
distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the for-
mation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size
or character as may impair the usefulness of the water as a
source of industrial water supply.
(f) Turbidity or Color - There shall be no turbidity or color added in
amounts or characteristics that can not be reduced to acceptable
concentrations by conventional water treatment processes.
(g) Temperature - The maximum water temperature change shall not exceed
3C° relative to an upstream control point. The tenperature of the
water shall not exceed 30.5°C and the maximum rate of change shall
not exceed 2C° per hour. The tenperature of impoundments where
stratification occurs will be measured at a depth of 5 feet, or
mid-depth whichever is less, and the tenperature in flowing streams
shall be measured at mid-depth.
(h) Taste or Odor - There shall be no substances added that will result
in taste or odor that would prevent the use of the water for indus-
trial processing.
(i) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to the waters
that may produce toxic conditions that will adversely affect the water
for industrial processing.
(j) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the waters
in quantities that may adversely affect the water for industrial
processing.
3. Fish and Aquatic Life.
(a) Dissolved Oxygen - The dissolved oxygen shall be a minimum of
5.0 mg/1 except in limited sections of streams where (i) present
technology cannot restore the water quality to the desired minimum
of 5.0 mg/1 dissolved oxygen, (ii) the cost of meeting the standards
is economically prohibitive when compared with the expected benefits
to be obtained, or Ciii) the natural qualities of the water are less
than the desired minimum of 5.0 mg/1. Such exceptions shall be
determined on an individual basis but in no instance shall the
-------
(c) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no
distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the for-
mation of slimes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size
or character that may be detrimental to fish and aquatic life.
(d) Turbidity or Color - There shall be no turbidity or color added in
such amounts or of such character that will materially affect fish
and aquatic life.
(e) Temperature - The maximum water temperature change shall not
exceed 3C° relative to an upstream control point. The tempera-
ture of the water shall not exceed 30.5°C and the maximum rate of
change shall not exceed 2C° per hour. The temperature of recognized
trout waters shall not exceed 2Q°C. There shall be no abnormal
temperature changes that may affect aquatic life unless caused by
natural conditions. The temperature of impoundments where strati-
fication occurs will be measured at a depth of 5 feet, or mid-depth
whichever is less, and the temperature in flowing streams shall be
measured at mid-depth.
(f) Taste or Odor - There shall be no substances added that will impart
unpalatable flavor to fish or result in noticeable offensive odors
in the vicinity of the water or otherwise interfere with fish or
aquatic life.
(g) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to the waters
that will produce toxic conditions that affect fish or aquatic life.
(h) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the waters
that will be detrimental to fish or aquatic life.
(i) Col if arm - The concentration of the fecal oolifora group shall not
exceed 1,000 per 100 ml. as the logarithmic mean based on a minimum
of 10 samples collected from a given sampling site over a period of
not more than 30 consecutive days with individual samples being
collected at intervals of not less than 12 hours. In addition, the
concentration of the fecal coliform group in any individual sample
shall not exceed 5,000 per 100 ml.
Recreation.
(a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved
oxygen present to prevent odors of decomposition and other offen-
sive conditions.
(b) pH - The pH value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9,0 and
shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range ever a period
of 24 hours.
(c) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no
distinctly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the forma-
tion of sliraes, bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size oir
character that may be detrimental to recreation.
-------
100
- 6 -
(d) Turbidity or Color - There shall be no turbidity or color added in
such amounts or character that will result in any objectionable
appearance to the water.
(e) Temperature - The maximum water temperature change shall not
exceed 3C° relative to an upstream control point. The tempera-
ture of the water shall not exceed 30.5°C and the maximum rate of
change shall not exceed 2C° per hour. The temperature of Impound-
ments where stratification occurs will be measured at a depth of
5 feet, or mid-depth whichever is less, and the tenperature in
flowing streams shall be measured at mid-depth.
(f) Coliform - The concentration of the fecal coliform group shall not
exceed 200 per 100 ml. as the logarithmic mean based on a minimum
of 10 samples collected from a given sampling site over a period
of not more than 30 consecutive days with individual samples being
collected at intervals of not less than 12 hours. In addition,
the concentration of the fecal coliform group in any individual
sample shall not exceed 1,000 per 100 ml. Water areas in the
vicinity of dorrestic wastewater treatment plant outfalls are not
considered suitable for body contact recreational purposes.
(g) Taste or Odor - There shall be no substances added that will
result in objectionable taste or odor.
(h) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to the water
that will produce toxic conditions that affect man or animal.
(i) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water
in quantities which may have a detrimental effect on recreation.
5. Irrigation.
(a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved
oxygen present to prevent odors of decomposition and other
offensive conditions.
(b) pH - The pH value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and
shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period
of 24 hours.
(c) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added
to the water that will increase the mineral content to such an extent
as to impair its use for irrigation.
(d) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly
visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the forrration of slimes,
bottcm deposits or sludge banks of such size or character as may
impair the usefulness of the water for irrigation purposes.
-------
101
- 7 -
(e) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not be raised or
lowered to such an extent as to Interfere with its use for irriga-
tion purposes.
Cf) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to water that
will produce toxic conditions that will affect the water for irriga-
tion.
(g) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water
in quantities which may be detrimental to the waters used for
irrigation.
6. Livestock Watering and Wildlife.
(a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved
oxygen present to prevent odors of decomposition and other
offensive conditions.
(b) pH - The pH value shall lie within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and
shall not fluctuate more than 1.0 unit in this range over a period
of 24- hours.
(c) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added
to water that will increase the mineral content to such an extent
as to impair its use for livestock watering and wildlife.
(d) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinctly
visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes,
bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character as to inter-
fere with livestock watering and wildlife.
(e) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not be raised or
lowered to such an extent as to interfere with its use for live-
stock watering and wildlife.
(f) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to water that
will produoe toxic conditions that will affect the water for live-
stock watering and wildlife.
(g) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water
in quantities which may be detrimental to the water for livestock
watering and wildlife.
7. Navigation.
(a) Dissolved Oxygen - There shall always be sufficient dissolved oxygen
present to prevent odors of decomposition and other offensive condi-
tions.
(b) Hardness or Mineral Compounds - There shall be no substances added
to the water that will increase the mineral content to such an
extent as to impair its use for navigation.
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(c) Solids, Floating Materials and Deposits - There shall be no distinct-
ly visible solids, scum, foam, oily sleek, or the formation of slimes,
bottom deposits or sludge banks of such size or character as to inter-
fere with navigation.
(d) Temperature - The temperature of the water shall not be raised or
lowered to such an extent as to interfere with its use for naviga-
tion purposes.
(e) Toxic Substances - There shall be no substances added to water that
will produce toxic conditions that will affect the water for naviga-
tion.
(f) Other Pollutants - Other pollutants shall not be added to the water
in quantities which may be detrimental to the waters used for navi-
gation.
These criteria should not be construed as permitting the degradation of higher
quality water when such can be prevented by reasonable pollution control measures.
The above conditions are recognized as applying to waters affected by the discharge
of sewage and/or industrial waste or other waste and not resulting frcm natural
causes.
DEFINITIONS
1. Conventional Water Treatment - Conventional water treatment as referred
to in the criteria denotes coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and
chlorination.
2. Mixing Zone - Mixing zone refers to that section of flowing stream or
impounded waters necessary for effluent to become dispersed.
The mixing zone necessary in each particular case shall be defined by
the Tennessee Water Quality Control Board.
INTERPRETATION OF CRITERIA
1. Interpretation of the above criteria shall conform to any rules and re-
gulations or policies adopted by the Water Quality Control Board.
2. Insofar as practicable, the effect of treated sewage or waste discharges
on the receiving waters shall be considered after they are mixed with the
waters and beyond a reasonable zone of immediate effect upon the quali-
ties of the waters. The extent to which this is practicable depends upon
local conditions and the proximity and nature of other uses of the waters.
3. The techrtical and economical feasibility of waste treatment, recovery, or
adjustment of the jnethod of discharge to provide correction shall be con-
sidered in determining the time to be allowed for the development of
practicable methods and far the specified correction.
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4. The criteria set forth shall be applied on the basis of the following
stream flows: unregulated streams - stream flews equal to or exceeding
the 3-day minimum, 20-year recurrence interval; regulated streams -
instantaneous minimum flew.
5. In general, deviations from normal water conditions may be undesirable,
but the rate and extent of the deviations should be considered in inter-
preting the above criteria.
6. The criteria and standards provide that all discharges of sewage, indus-
trial waste, and other wastes will receive the best practicable treatment
(secondary or the equivalent) or control according to the policy and pro-
cedure of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Board. A degree of treat-
ment greater than secondary when necessary to protect the water vises will
be required for selected sewage and waste discharges.
TENNESSEE ANTIDEGRADATION STATEMENT
1. The Standards and Plan adopted are designed to provide for the pro-
tection of existing water quality and/or the upgrading or "enhance-
ment" of water quality in all waters within Tennessee. It is recog-
nized that some waters may have existing quality better than
established standards.
2. The Criteria and Standards shall not be construed as permitting the
degradation of these higher quality waters when such can be prevented
by reasonable pollution control measures. In this regaled, existing
high quality water will be naintained unless and until it is affirma-
tively demonstrated to the Tennessee Water Quality Control Board that
a change is justifiable as a result of necessary social and economic
development.
3. All discharges of sewage, industrial waste, or other waste shall
receive the best practicable treatment (secondary or the equivalent)
or control according to the policy and procedure of the Tennessee
Water Quality Control Board. A degree of treatment greater than
secondary when necessary to protect the water uses will be required
for selected sewage and waste discharges.
4. In implementing the provisions of the above as they relate to inter-
state streams, the Tennessee Water Quality Gontrol Board will cooperate
with the appropriate Federal Agency in order to assist in carrying out
responsibilities under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended.
December, 1973
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APPENDIX G
PERSONNEL ROSTER
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PERSONNEL ROSTER
PIGEON RIVER STUDY
W. R. Davis, Chemist, Study Director
Charles Sweatt, Sanitary Engineer (Field)
Tom Bennett, Chemist (Lab)
Herbert Barden, Microbiologist (Lab)
Charles Hooper, Chemical Technician (Lab)
Ed Sholleriberger, Engineering Technician (Field)
Ray Wilkerson, Engineering Technician (Field)
George Leverett, Co-Op Student (Field)
Mike Cronic, Chemical Aid (Field)
Tom Barnwell, Sanitary Engineer (Model)
©. 1074 - 740.«4« / *g!»ON NO, A
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