I. Audio-visual
equipment on hand
Development and Exchange of Instructional
Resources in Water Quality Control Programs
Charles County Community College
La Plata, Maryland
-------
Development and Exchange off Instructional
Resources in Water Quality Control Programs
I. Audio-visual
equipment on hand
Environmental Protection Agency
Charles County Community College
1974
-------
The mention of trade names or coircnercial products in this manual is for illustration purposes,
and does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Environmental Protection
Agency.
-------
Project funded by
Manpower Development Staff
Office of Water Program Operations
Environmental Protection Agency
Grant Number 900253
Awarded to
Charles County Community College
La Plata, Maryland
Carl M. Schwing, Project Director
Report prepared by
John H. Austin
W. Harry Durham
-------
Preface
To meet proposed federal and state water quality standards, both for drinking water and waste-
water treatment plant effluents, the treatment plants of this country must have qualified personnel
continually upgraded with the latest technology. The broad spectrum of competencies required of
such personnel, coupled with the wide geographic distribution of trainees (existing operating per-
sonnel, as well as new entries), suggests the need for high quality instructional systems. To be
effective, these systems need improved instructional materials and qualified instructors.
This series of reports (Volumes I-IV) reviews the present status of available instructional mate-
rials and equipment and offers suggestions about how to select equipment. Guidelines are given
for the production of instructional materials which should lead to maximum flexibility and economy.
The initial four volumes in this report are:
Volume Title
I Audio-Visual Equipment on Hand
II Instructional Materials Available
III Selecting Audio-Visual Equipment
IV Selecting Instructional Media and Instructional Systems.
-------
Acknowledgements
This report series is a cooperative effort between persons with technical competence in the water
quality control field and instructional technologists with competence in instructional system
development. The overall administration of the project has been under the direction of Carl M.
Schwing. The preparation of Volume I: Audio-Visual Equipment on Hand was directed by John H.
Austin and W. Harry Durham. The following have served on the advisory committee for the project:
Representing the Environmental Protection Agency:
Joseph Bahnick, Acting Chief, Direct Technical Training, Manpower Development Staff,
OWPO/EPA
Kenneth M. Hay, Education Specialist, Direct Technical Training, Manpower Development
Staff, OWPO/EPA
Harold L. Jeter, Director, National Training Center, Manpower Development Staff, EPA
George H. Ziener, formerly Chief, Instructional Development Section, Air Pollution
Training Institute, EPA
Representing Charles County Community College:
Walter J. Bojsza, Audio-Visual Coordinator, Learning Resource Center
Carl M. Schwing, Chairman, Pollution Abatement Technology Department
Consultants:
John H. Austin, Professor and Head, Environmental Systems Engineering, Clemson University,
Clemson, South Carolina
Ross J. Cornwell, Assistant Director of Public Relations, Clemson University, Clemson,
South Carolina
W. Harry Durham, Director, University Communications Center, Clemson University, Clemson,
South Carolina
Robert A. Gearheart, Division of Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan,
Utah
Donald K. Moon, Director, Educational Media Services, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa
-------
Table of Contents
Page
Summary 1
Recommendations 2
Introduction 3
Glossary 4
Nature of Survey 7
Audio-Visual Equipment Surveyed 8
Mode of Utilization 10
Audio-Visual Equipment on Hand 12
Total Audio-Visual Equipment Use 16
Appendix 21
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 1
Summary
Based on the data collected:
1. Training programs utilizing audio-visual
equipment are being conducted by educational
institutions (community colleges, technical
education centers, universities), govern-
mental organizations (municipal, county, state,
interstate, and federal), and professional
organizations (Table 2).
2. The training organizations listed above have
the following types of audio-visual equip-
ment:
a. Audio tape playback units and recorders
b. Microforme readers
c. Motion picture projectors
d. Still transparency projectors
e. Synchronizing equipment (slide/tape)
f. Video tape playback units
g. Video tape recorders.
3. This audio-visual equipment is used by training
organizations predominately (94 percent) for
group instruction (Table 3).
4. Audio-visual equipment is used for individu-
alized instruction more frequently in edu-
cational institutions than in governmental
and professional organizations (Table 2).
5. Educational institutions possess more audio-
visual equipment and more variety of equipment
than other types of training organizations
(Table 3).
6. The following four types of audio-visual
equipment are most frequently found (listed
in descending order of frequency) (Table 4):
a. 35mm slide projector
b. Cassette audio tape recorder (mono)
c. Overhead transparency projector (10"xl0")
d. 16ot!\ motion picture projector.
7. The average hours of use of audio-visual equip-
ment in educational institutions is greater than
in other types of training organizations (Table
5).
8. The following five types of audio-visual
equipment are most frequently used (listed in
descending order of frequency) (Table 2):
a. Overhead transparency projector (10"xl0")
b. 3Smm slide projector
c. 16mm motion picture projector
d. 35mm filmstrip projector
e. Cassette audio tape recorder (mono).
9. Many different brands of each type of audio-
visual equipment are in use by the training
organizations (Tables 20-27). This may be due
to:
a. Selection of equipment based on:
(1) instructor preference
(2) institutional preference
(3) salesman recommendations.
b. Availability of instructional materials.
-------
2-VOLUME I
Recommendations
The survey on which this report is based identifies
the types of audio-visual equipment now in use in
the field. It was found that a wide variety of
equipment is available in the many training organi-
zations in the water quality control field, but
that much of this equipment is not being used to
its full potential. Although the organizations
returning the questionnaires represent only a part
of the organizations conducting training programs,
their responses are considered by the authors to
be typical, therefore, it is considered to be of
little value to continue this survey. Instead, it
would be more fruitful to stress the application
of Volume III of this series, Selecting Audio
Visual Equipment, in the acquisition of new equip-
ment. Specifically:
1. The types and features of audio-visual
equipment should be standardized for
training organizations in the water quality
control field.
2. Where the use of audio-visual equipment is
a fundamental part of a particular training
program in the water quality control field,
it would be advisable to place that pro-
gram in organizations with adequate equip-
ment for conducting the program, rather
than purchasing new equipment.
3. The selection of type and brand of equip-
ment should be based on well-defined
procedures as described in Volume III:
Selecting Audio-Visual Equipment of this
series.
4. The use of audio-visual equipment is
dependent on available instructional mate-
rials. Organizations concerned with
training programs must cooperate in their
instructional material development efforts
in order to effect compatibility in use of
equipment. The four volumes in this series
series--Volume I: Audio-Visual Equipment
on Hand, Volume II: Instructional Mate-
rials Available, Volume III: Selecting
Audio-Visual Equipment, and Volume IV:
Selecting Instructional Media and Instruc-
tional Systems--must be considered to-
gether in planning, developing, and
implementing effective water quality
control training programs.
-------
Introduction
Volume I: Audio-Visual Equipment on Hand focuses
on audio-visual equipment currently in use in a
variety of instructional efforts in the water quality
control field. The information contained here will
be of interest to administrators of programs in the
governmental (funding agencies) and instructional
(funded agencies) areas. The data collected indi-
cate types of hardware being used, by whom, and the
frequency of that use.
It is important for the reader of this report to
become familiar with the terms as defined in the
glossary in the following section.
This report does not contain sufficient data to
characterize the entire training effort in the
water quality control field. Detailed recommenda-
tions thus cannot be made. However, it is believed
that the data obtained give an accurate picture of
the status of audio-visual equipment usage in the
water quality control field and that the organiza-
tions concerned with training programs in the
field should seriously consider implementing the
report's recommendations.
-------
4 - VOLUME I
Glossary
(Definition of terms used in this report)
Term
Affective
Audio Tape
Audio Tape Recorder
Audio-Visual Equipment
Cognitive
Curriculum
Diazo Process
Filmstrip
Instructional Materials
Instructional Medium
Instructional Package
Definition
A type of learning that pertains primarily to values.
A polyester or mylar base tape with a magnetic oxide
coating capable of recording and reproducing sound
when used with an audio recorder/player. Audio tape
is available in a number of different sizes (widths)
and formats: 1/4-inch reel, 1/8-inch cassette, or
1/4-inch cartridge.
A piece of equipment capable of recording and repro-
ducing sound using a magnetic oxide tape.
Equipment which presents materials either aurally,
visually, or both. Audio-visual equipment is often
referred to as hardware.
A type of learning that pertains primarily to facts.
A course of study involving a number of different
subjects.
A method of producing images on a treated paper or
an acetate base. Ultraviolet light exposes a drawing
or lettering on the treated film or paper. Ammonia
vapor develops the unexposed portions of the image.
The color of the image is determined by the special
coatings on the paper or film. This process is used
to produce blueprints and overhead transparencies.
Images on a clear acetate base which are viewed by
having light projected through them. Several images
are on one piece of film. Usually the film is 35mm
in width and the images, either black-and-white or
color, are normally arranged vertically on the film.
Printed matter, slides, tapes, models, films, or
actual objects which are used as a direct part of
the teaching/learning process. Instructional mate-
rials are often referred to as softuare.
The combination of instructional materials and
audio-visual equipment. A 35mm slide used in a
slide projector establishes the medium of the 35mm
slide.
Materials necessary to accomplish a selected portion
of training. The package may include lecture notes,
outline, printed text, 35mm slides, audio tapes,
video tapes, films, etc., or any combination of the
above.
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 5
Term
Definition
Instructional Resources
Lecture
Microforme Materials
Microforme Reader
Motion Pictures
Motion Picture Projector
Overhead Transparencies
Printed Materials
Psychomotor
Simulation (noun)
Simulation (verb)
Slides
The complete spectrum of facilities, equipment,
materials, and personnel involved in preparing,
presenting, and evaluating instruction.
A class taught by an individual relying primarily
on the spoken word reinforced by body movement and
gestures and simple chalkboard illustrations.
Photographic miniatures of printed text, line
drawings, and full tonal photographs. Microforme
may be in filmstrip sizes, 35mm 16mm, and 8mm; or
microfiche (4x6-inch sheet of film containing many
images).
A piece of equipment capable of displaying in
legible size, printing, drawings, and photographs
reduced to a microforme format. Microforme formats
include 35mm, 16mm, and microfiche (4"x6"). Some
microforme readers are capable of handling more than
one format.
A series of still images photographically applied to
a strip of film capable of producing the illusion of
full motion when used in a motion picture projector.
Motion pictures may or may not have sound or color.
A number of different film sizes are used in instruc-
tion. The primary sizes are 16mm (width), 8mm
(width), and Super 8nm (width and increased image
size). Motion pictures are often packaged in a
variety of ways: for reel-to-reel use, Super 8mm
cartridge use, etc.
A piece of equipment capable of projecting a moving
image from a piece of motion picture film. Some
projectors are capable of reproducing sound in addi-
tion to projecting visual images. Different models
of motion picture projectors are designed to handle
various film sizes, for example, 8mm, Super 8mm,
16ntn, and 3Smm. Normally, a motion picture projector
can handle only one film size.
8"xl0" or 10"xl0" sheets of film capable of carrying
an image (full tonal photographs, line drawings, or
lettering). Overhead transparencies are used with
overhead projectors and may be in full color, single
color, or black-and-white. (Two popular ways to
produce overhead transparencies are through use of
the diazo or the thermal processes.)
Words and pictures printed on good but not highest
quality paper stock (i.e., a workbook) designed for
one receiver at a time. (Usually printed materials
do not involve color pictures unless high volumes
are justified.)
A type of learning that pertains pTijnarily to physical
skills.
Any device or model which can provide a three-
dimensional representation of the actual equipment
or device which would be found "on the job."
The act or process or pretending certain conditions
exist. Various disorders are simulated in training
situations in order to teach the proper response to
trainees.
Small pieces of film capable of storing photographic
images which are viewed by light transmitted through
the film base. The photographic images may be 35nm,
126mm, or other sizes of film, which are usually
mounted in plastic or cardboard frames with an over-
all dimension of 2"x2". (Even filrastrips classify
as slides using this basic definition. However,
instead of mounting the images individually in small
frames, the images are mounted on a flexible piece
of short film.)
-------
6 - VOLUME I
Term
Slide/Tape
Still Transparency Projector
Synchronizing Equipment
Television
Thermal Process
Video Tape
Video Tape Playback Unit
Video Tape Recorder
Definition
Photographic images viewed by light transmitted
through a film base and an audio tape related to
the images. The images may be on 35mm slides, 126mm
slides, or other sizes, or even in filmstrip form.
The slides are usually in color but do not have to
be. The audio tape may be in reel or cassette format
and may be synchronized with the slides through the
use of an inaudible tone which changes the slides
automatically or through an audible tone which indi-
cates to the operator that a change should be made.
Equipment capable of projecting an image from a piece
of photographic, diazo, or thermal film. Different
models of still transparency projectors would be
capable of handling different size transparencies,
such as 10"xl0" slides, 35mm slides, 35mm filmstrips,
and 16mm filmstrips. Usually a projector is capable
of handling only one size of film.
Equipment used to coordinate slide and sound presen-
tations. Usually a stereo audio tape recorder contains
the aural presentation on one channel and the slide
changer signals on the other channel. A connecting
device advances the slides according to the signals
on the audio channel.
Images displayed on a television receiver. Sources
for the images may be "live" (i.e., using TV cameras
to transmit images of performers in a studio or a
remote setting), video tape, or film.
A method of producing images on treated paper or an
acetate base. The exposure of the drawing or lettering
on the base material is made by a heating element,
usually a bright light-tube. Since there is no "de-
veloping" of the image in the thermal process, the
process is faster than the diazo method of producing
transparencies. However, thermal transparencies do
not have the detail or the brilliant color of diazo
transparencies.
A polyester or mylar base tape with a magnetic oxide
coating capable of reproducing television images and
sounds when used with a video tape recorder/player.
Equipment capable of displaying television pictures
and sounds recorded on magnetic tape.
Equipment capable of recording television pictures
and sound onto magnetic tape. Normally, video tape
recorders are also capable of playing back recorded
materials.
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 7
Nature of Survey
Two of the first questions an instructor should ask
himself after determining the objectives of his
instructional effort are "What instructional mate-
rials can I utilize in this instructional sequence
and what audio-visual equipment is available?"
Those questions provided the basis for a survey
conducted among organizations concerned with water
quality control training programs. The letter
requesting information and the two survey ques-
tionnaires appear in Appendix A, pages 21-57.
Discussion of the instructional media survey
will be in Volume II of this report series.
Detailed information on the type and use of audio-
visual equipment in the water quality control
field is of importance for several reasons. It
will indicate:
1. Differences in type and use by various
kinds of training organizations.
2. Efficiency of equipment usage (hours of
use per piece of equipment per year).
3. What equipment is owned by various kinds
of organizations.
4. The probable use of existing and future
instructional materials by various training
organizations.
5. The present and future capability of suitable
equipment becoming available for individu-
alized instruction.
The instructional media questionnaire was mailed to
475 organizations in December 1972. Questionnaires
that were returned have been categorized and listed
in Table 7. This table also indicates the number of
respondents and the code number assigned to each
category. The code numbers will identify the cate-
gories and individual respondents throughout this
report. The organizations who responded are listed
in Table 8, page 27.
-------
8-VOLUME I
Audio-Visual
Equipment Surveyed
Table 1 indicates the classification of audio-
visual equipment included in the survey. The
detailed analysis of frequency of use and brand
of audio-visual equipment in each category is
given in Tables 9 and 18, pages 37 and 47. Codes
for equipment manufacturers are given in Table 19,
page 48.
The great variety of manufacturers of audio-visual
equipment is noted in Tables 20-26, pages 49-53.
Although brand is of little concern in compati-
bility considerations for 35mm slides, filmstrips,
overhead projectors, and microforme readers, it is
of more importance for motion picture projectors
and of considerable importance for video tape
equipment, audio tape recorders, and synchronizing
equipment. The type of audio-visual equipment in
use at training centers can have great bearing on
which media formats should be encouraged and funded
in the development of instructional materials.
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 9
TABLE 1
CLASSIFICATION OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT SURVEYED
CLASSIFICATION TYPE
Video Tape Recorder 1/2", 1", 2", other
Video Tape Playback Unit 1/2", 1", 2", other
Motion Picture Projector 8mm, 16mm, 35mm
Still Transparency Projector 35mm filmstrip, 35mn slide, 10"xl0" overhead, other
Audio Tape Recorder Reel-to-reel mono, reel-to-reel stereo, cassette mono
Microforme Reader 16nm microfilm reader, 35mm microfilm reader, microfiche
Synchronizing Equipment (with
audio tape)
Slide, filmstrip
-------
10 - VOLUME I
Mode of Utilization
Little significant use is made of audio-visual
equipment for individualized study. Although there
are isolated individualized usages as high as 70
percent, the average for the groups surveyed is
94 percent of audio-visual equipment used for group
instruction and 6 percent for individualized instruc-
tion (Table 2). The detailed analysis of utiliza-
tion mode for each category is given in Table 27,
pages 54-57.
Community colleges are the best equipped organiza-
tions of those surveyed, both in variety and number
of pieces of audio-visual equipment. This accounts,
in part, for their having the highest percentage of
individualized instruction (Table 2).
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 11
TABLE 2
SUNMARY OF MODE OF UTILIZATION OF AIJDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT BY RESPONDENT CATEGORIES
CATEGORY
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
UTILIZATION MDDE
(Percent)
Code
Group
Group Individualized
1000's
Community Colleges
13
85 15
1100 's
Consulting Engineering Firms
2
95 5
1200's
County Agencies
1
100 0
1300's
Film Rental Agencies
0
-
1400's
Interstate Agencies
1
100 0
1500's
Manufacturers
0
-
1600's
Municipal Agencies
8
100 0
1700's
Professional Organizations
2
100 0
1800's
Publishing Companies
0
-
1900's
State Agencies
20
99 1
2000's
Technical Education Centers
3
93 7
2100's
US Government
3
97 3
2200's
Universities
8
88 12
2300's
Responded—No data
26
-
TOTAL RESPONDENTS 61
AVERAGE FOR ALL CATEGORIES 94 6
-------
12 - VOLUME I
Audio-Visual
Equipment on Hand
Table 3 indicates that the 35mm slide projector is
the most generally owned piece of audio-visual equip-
ment. Community Colleges (1000's) have the greatest
variety of equipment. The community colleges have
many other instructional programs besides those
associated with instruction in the water quality
control field. Thus, their large inventory of
equipment serves many instructional programs. Most
of the other organizations tabulated are specifi-
cally oriented to the water quality control field
and because of fewer trainees do not maintain
such a large inventory of audio-visual equipment.
This suggests that it might be advantageous to
concentrate water quality control programs at the
technician level in community colleges to take
advantage of their audio-visual equipment.
Most of the organizations involved in training tend
to use similar types of audio-visual equipment,
i.e., 35mm slide projector, mono cassette tape
recorder, 10"xl0" overhead transparency projector,
and 16mm motion picture projector.
-------
TABLE 3
NIWBER OF PIECES OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT PER TYPE OF ORGANIZATION
NUMBER OF PIECES OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
\UMKI H
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
Motion Picture
Projector
(ara)
Still Transparency Projector
Audio Tape Recorder
Microforme Re
ader
Synchronizing
equipment (slide
or filmstrip)
with audio tape
35hhb
nvxio"
overhead
other
Reel
to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microfilm Reader
Microfiche
1/2
1
2
other
1/2
1
2
other
8
16
35
filmstrip
slide
mono
stereo
16
35
1000's
9
2
1
3
3
1
23
27
31
55
82
1
23
14
149
1
4
4
2
llOO's
1
3
2
1
1
1200's
I
l
1
1
1300's
140O's
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1500's
1600's
2
2
4
1
15
2
1
1700's
100
1800*s
1900*5
2
1
IS
1
1
23
20
1
3
3
4
2
1
1
2
2000's
10
12
11
U
1
1
10
1
1
2100*s
4
1
2
3
1
9
2
22
12
5
3
28
1
41
2200*s
2
2
6
1
12
13
1
2
2
2300*5
TOTAL
10
3
3
12
3
1
34
76
1
47
244
133
2
35
20
196
4
6
7
48
*Code identification on page 48.
-------
14 - VOLUME I
Table 4 indicates the popularity of the various
types of equipment most frequently in the posses-
sion of the surveyed organizations. Popularity
of audio-visual equipment is determined in part
by the availability of instructional materials.
As Volume II: Instructional Materials Available
will indicate, there are numerous 35mm slides
and 16mm motion pictures available. The ease of
producing 35mm slides, cassette audio tapes, and
10"xl0" overhead transparencies has increased
the use of the associated equipment. The lack of
video tape, filmstrip, and microforme instructional
materials in the water quality field explains why
this equipment is found so infrequently.
If the purchase of audio-visual equipment becomes
a limiting factor, these findings would suggest
that new instructional materials in the water
quality control field should be developed for
audio-visual equipment that is most frequently
found in the training organizations listed in
Table 4. Hopefully, budget constraints will not
dictate, and the development of instructional media
will be based on the concepts presented in Volume
IV: Selecting Instructional Media and Instructional
Systems of this series.
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - IS
TABLE 4
NUMBER OF PIECES OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT (LISTED BY MDST POPULAR TYPES)
IN POSSESSION OF VARIOUS TRAINING ORGANIZATIONS
TYPE OF EQUIPMENT NLMBER OWNED
35nm slide projector 244
Cassette audio tape recorder (mono) 196
Overhead transparency projector, 10"xl0" 133
16mm motion picture projector 76
Synchronizing equipment (slide or filmstrip) with audio tape 48
35mn filmstrip projector 47
Reel-to-reel, mono audio tape recorder 35
8nm motion picture projector 34
Video tape recorder, 1/2" 20
Reel-to-reel, stereo audio tape recorder 20
Video tape playback unit, 1/2" 12
Microfiche 7
35mm microfilm reader 6
16mm microfilm reader 4
Video tape recorder, 1" 3
Video tape recorder, other 3
Video tape playback unit, 1" 3
Still transparency projector, other 2
Video tape playback unit, 2" 1
35mm motion picture projector 1
Video tape recorder, 2" 0
Video tape playback unit, other 0
-------
T6 - VOLUME I
Total Audio-Visual
Equipment Use
Table 5 shows the total hours of use per year of
audio-visual equipment in various organizations.
The table indicates a wide variation in the use
made of the audio-visual equipment from one type
of organization to another.
-------
TABLE 5
TOTAL HOURS OF USE PER YEAR OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT IN VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
HOURS OF USE PER YEAR*
XU4SER
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
Hotion Picture
Projector
(»)
Still Transparency Projector
Audio Tape Recorder
Microforme Re
ader
Synchronizing
35am
10"xl0"
other
Reel
to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microfilm Reader
equipment (slide
or filmstrip)
1/2
1
2
other
1/2
1
2
other
8
16
35
filmstrip
slide
overhead
mono
stereo
V
16
35
Microricne
with audio tape
1000*5
1143
34
ISO
51
538
2486
1586
2132
3618
22
996
1425
240
288
240
1100's
33
101
93
48
48
3200's
liOO's
1400's
8
44
4
8
88
1500's
1600*5
44
44
67
5
417
13
22
1700's
70
960
1800*s
1900*s
22
312
12
44
3629
2181
1
384
960
550
2000's
22
160
236
310
440
2100's
44
99
11
254
11
508
2S4
11
412
2200*s
720
10
384
440
1596
4095
202
2300*s
TOTAL
1934
34
10
293
51
571
3774
12
2322
9697
10,698
23
1649
1372
2133
220
288
220
^Normalization of data based on S work days per week, 4 work days per month, 11 work months
'per year. Thus Multiplying factors used were: (hours/day)(240); (hours/week) (48); (hours/no)(11)
to obtain hours/year for this table.
-------
18-VOLUME I
Table 6 indicates the visage rates of types of equip-
ment. The overhead transparency projector and the
35mm slide projector are by far the most often used
audio-visual devices in training situations.
The community college category is the biggest owner
and user of audio-visual equipment, followed by
state agencies. Of course, these figures are in-
fluenced by the higher questionnaire response from
community colleges, but the data probably indicate
accurately that they are the principal organiza-
tion conducting instructional programs in the water
quality control field.
Detailed analysis of these four tables (Tables 3-6)
will indicate other trends and facts which should
be taken into account by training organizations and
funding agencies as they allocate funds for future
training efforts.
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 19
TABLE 6
TOTAL HOURS OF USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT (LISTED BY RATE
OF USAGE) BY VARIOUS TRAINING ORGANIZATIONS
TYPE OF EQUIPMENT
NUMBER OF
PIECES
AVERAGE HOURS
OF USE PER YEAR
TOTAL HOURS OF
USE PER YEAR
Overhead transparency projector, 10"xl0"
133
80
10,640
35mm slide projector
244
40
9,760
16mm motion picture projector
76
51
3,876
35mm filmstrip projector
47
50
2,350
Cassette audio tape recorder (mono)
196
11
2,156
Video tape recorder, 1/2"
20
97
1,940
Reel-to-reel, mono tape recorder
35
47
1,645
Reel-to-reel, stereo tape recorder
20
68
1,360
8mm motion picture projector
34
17
578
Video tape playback unit, 1/2"
12
24
288
35mm microforme reader
6
48
288
16mm microforme reader
4
60
240
Microfiche
7
34
238
Video tape recorder, 1"
3
17
51
Video tape playback unit, 1"
3
17
51
Still transparency projector, other
2
12
24
35nm motion picture projector
1
12
12
Video tape recorder, 2"
0
10
0
Video tape recorder, other
3
0
0
Video tape playback unit, 2"
1
0
0
Video tape playback unit, other
0
0
0
Synchronizing equipment (slide or filmstrip)
with audio tape
48
0
0
-------
20-VOLUME I
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 21
Appendix
Table Page
Cover Letter--Instructional Media Questionnaire 23
Audio-Visual Equipment Questionnaire 24
Instructional Material Questionnaire 25
7 Respondent Categories for Instructional Media Survey 26
8 Respondents to Instructional Media Survey 27
9 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in Community Colleges ... 37
10 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in Consulting
Fjigineering Firms 38
11 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in County Agencies .... 39
12 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in Interstate Agencies . . 40
13 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in Municipal Agencies ... 41
14 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in Professional
Organizations 42
15 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in State Agencies 43
16 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in Technical Education
Centers 45
17 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in US Governmental
Agencies 46
18 Frequency of Use and Brand of Audio-Visual Equipment in Universities 47
19 Code for Audio-Visual Equipment Manufacturers 48
20 Frequency of Occurrence of Brands of Still Transparency Projectors 49
21 Frequency of Occurrence of Brands of Audio Tape Recorders 50
22 Frequency of Occurrence of Brands of Video Tape Recorders 51
23 Frequency of Occurrence of Brands of Video Tape Playback Units 51
24 Frequency of Occurrence of Brands of Motion Picture Projectors 52
25 Frequency of Occurrence of Brands of Microforme Readers 52
26 Frequency of Occurrence of Brands of Synchronizing Equipment--Slide or
Filmstrip with Audio Tape 53
27 Mode of Utilization of Audio-Visual Equipment 54
-------
22 -VOLUME I
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 23
(El]arle0 Qlountu Contmnititg (Hollege
^Dijoitre:
LA PLATA, MARYLAND 20646 la Plata — 934-2251
WASHINGTON - 870-3008
TO: Users of Instructional Materials for Training of Water and Wastewater Operational Personnel
FROM: Carl M. Schwing, Project Director, Development and Exchange of Instructional Resources in
Water Quality Control Programs
A project sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency needs your help.
Entitled, "Development and Exchange of Instructional Resources in Water Quality Control Programs,"
the project will attempt to locate and catalog every item of instructional material (printed
matter, motion pictures, audio tapes, etc.) used to train personnel of water supply and water
pollution control programs. The completed survey will provide a comprehensive listing of all the
training materials available in this field, along with a description of each, the audience for
which it is intended, and where it may be obtained.
In connection with the instructional media survey, we wish to determine which types of audio-
visual equipment are used in these training efforts.
We foresee the information resulting from this study facilitating the selection of materials
which will most effectively benefit a proposed training program. In addition, organizations
which wish their training materials to achieve wider use will find the listing a valuable method
of disseminating information about their publications to individuals and groups who can benefit
from them.
A few minutes of your time can help insure the success of this program. A questionnaire is
enclosed with this letter. If you have produced any training materials, or if you have a
training program for operators of water or wastewater treatment facilities, we would like to
know about it. If you have not participated in these activities, would you return the form
anyway? The postage is already paid.
Any information not specifically asked for on the questionnaire, but which you feel would be
helpful to us, is welcomed. Thank you for your assistance.
/jk
Enclosure
-------
24 - VOLUME 1
DEVELOPMENT AND EXCHANGE OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
IN WATER QUANITY CONTROL PROGRAMS
Charles County Community College
La Plata, Maryland
INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA QUESTIONNAIRE
Organization ___ __
Your name and position
Address and phone
1. What audiovisual equipment are you using in your instructional and training programs?
EQUIPMENT
BRAND
QUANTITY
FREQUENCY OF USE*
Hours per
Day
Week
Month
Year
Video Tape Recorder
1/2"
1"
2"
Other
Video Tape Playback Unit
1/2"
1"
2"
Other
Motion Picture Projector
8 mm
16 mm
35 mm
Still Transparency Projector
35 mm Filmstrip
35 mm SIide
10 x 10 Overhead
Other
Audio Tape Recorder
Reel-to-Reel (mono)
Reel-to-Reel (stereo)
Cassette (mono)
Microforme Reader
Microfilm (16 mm)
Microfilm (35 mm)
Microfiche
2. What equipment do you have for synchronizing slide or filmstrip programs with an audio tape?
3. How do you use audiovisual equipment in your training efforts?
in group instruction % individualized instruction %
4. If you have produced any material for training operators of water supply systems or wastewater treatment
facilities, please complete the attached form. 11 youA ZL&ting nequine^ mote than one -6lizejt, please
copti the attcLchzd.
Please return the completed questionnaire to: John H. Austin
401 Rhodes Research Center
Clemson University
Clemson, South Carolina 29631
* Average number of hours for each type, of equipment.
-------
DEVELOPMENT AND EXCHANGE OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES
IN WATER QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAMS
Charles County Community College
La Plata, Maryland
INSTRUCTIONAL MEPIA QUESTIONNAIRE
TITLE
TYPE OF MATERIAL {check more than one as necessary)
INTENDED AUDIENCE
DESIGNED FOR USE BY
COST
Pri nted
Matter
Overhead
Trans-
parencies
Motion
Picture
Audio
Tape
Video
Tape
Slide or
Filmstrip
Other
(specify)
Operation
Management
Individual
Group
Basic
Intermediate
Advanced
-------
26-VOLUME I
TABLE 7
RESPONDENT CATEGORIES FOR INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA SURVEY
CODE CATEGORY
TYPE OF ORGANIZATION
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
1000's
Community Colleges
15
1100's
Consulting Engineering Firms
2
1200's
County Agencies
1
1300's
Film Rental Agencies
3
1400's
Interstate Agencies
2
ISOO's
Manufacturers
1
1600's
Municipal Agencies
8
1700's
Professional Organizations
4
1800's
Publishing Companies
1
1900's
State Agencies
24
ZOOO's
Technical Education Centers
4
2100's
US Governmental Agencies
3
2200's
Universities
9
2300's
Responded--No data
26
TOTAL
77
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 27
TABLE 8
RESPONDENTS TO INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA SURVEY
CATEGORY CODE NUMBER
Community Colleges 1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
ORGANIZATION
C. F. Zipprich
Division of Environmental Technology
Hudson Valley Community College
Troy, NY 12180
Roscoe C. Waldorf, Chairman
Department of Life Sciences
Garden City Community Junior College
Garden City, KS 67846
Continuing Education Division
County College of Morris
Route 10 and Center Grove Road
Dover, NJ 07801
Robert H. Gould
Assistant to the Dean for Technologies
Tompkins-Cortland Community College
Groton, NY 13073
Silas Bruce, Instructor
Orange Coast College
2701 Fairview Road
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Orville Boge
Chemistry Instructor
Mesa College
Grand Junction, CO 81S01
Gary T. Laing
Assistant Professor, Environmental Technology
Wytheville Community College
1000 East Main Street
Wytheville, VA 24382
Ross W. Westover
Division Chairman, Physical Science
Canada College
4200 Farm Hill Boulevard
Redwood City, CA 94061
Roy Cameron
Division Chairman, Science and Math
Aims Community College
Box 69
Greeley, CO 80631
Earl H. Phillips
IRC Director
Aims Community College
PO Box 69
Greeley, CO 80631
Brad Card
Engineering Instructor
Yakima Valley College
16th and Nob Hill
Yakima, WA 98902
James Farrell
Manmouth County Environmental Education Consortium
850 Newman Springs Road
Lincroft, New Jersey 07738
Roll Sullivan
Director, Learning Resources
Eastern Shore Community College
Wallops Island, VA 23337
-------
28 - VOLUME I
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
Community Colleges
[continued)
1013
Coordinator
Water Utility Science and Environment
Santa Ana College
17th at Bristol
Santa Ana, CA 92706
1014
Frank Sedmera, Instructor
Lake City Community College
Science Department
Lake City, FL 32055
Consulting Engineering Firms
1100
Terry M. Regan, President
T. M. Regan, Inc.
277 Waller Avenue
Lexington, KY 40504
1101
Mel Fields, Project Manager
Environmental System Division
URS Research Company
155 Bovel Road
San Mateo, CA 94402
County Agencies
1200
Walt Driggs, Superintendent
Water Quality Division
Sacramento County Department of Public Works
1021 Howe Avenue
Sacramento, CA 95825
Film Rental Agencies
1300
Modern Talking Picture Service, Inc.
160 East Grand Avenue
Chicago, IL 60611
1301
Environment Information Center, Inc.
Film Reference Department
124 East 39th Street
New York, NY 10016
1302
Stuart Finley
Stuart Finley, Inc.
3428 Mansfield Road
Falls Church, VA 22041
Interstate Agencies
1400
Ralph Porges, Head
Water Quality Branch
Delaware River Basin Commission
PO Box 360
Trenton, NJ 08603
1401
Lois J. Vermillion
Public Information Officer
Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin
1025 Vermont Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20005
Manufacturers
1500
Arthur C. Santora
Manager, Education Services
Education and Applied Technology Division
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
7450 Nemours Building
Wilmington, DE 19898
Municipal Agencies
1600
Jesse L. Vaughn, Instructor
Oklahoma City-County Health Department
921 NE 23rd
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND -
29
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
Municipal Agencies
(continued)
1601
David J. Vandersommen, Chief Chemist
City of Lorain Water Pollution Control Department
Alabama and Lakeside Avenues
Lorain, OH 440S2
1602
John R. Bettis
Manager and Engineer
Commissioners of Public Works
PO Drawer B
Charleston, SC 29402
1603
Dominic R. Smith, Training Coordinator
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago
100 East Erie
Chicago, IL 60611
1604
Casimir B. Rzepineki
Superintendent, Process
South Bend Wastewater Treatment Plant
3113 Riverside Drive
South Bend, IN 46628
1605
Martin Weiss, Superintendent
Deer Island Treatment Plant
Metropolitan District Commission
PO Box 100
Winthrop, MA 02152
1606
A. E. Holcomb
Manager of Wastewater Collection
City of Dallas Wastewater Collection Division
2861 Municipal Street
Dallas, TX 75215
1607
Edward Kowsz, Executive Engineer
Bureau of Public Works
Hartford Water Pollution Control Plant
PO Box 800
Hartford, CT 06101
Professional Organizations
1700
John A. Voegtle, PE
Manager, Education and Training
Water Pollution Control Federation
3900 Wisconsin Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20016
1701
Walter Peters
Director of Education
American Water Works Association
2 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016
1702
Henry C. Hyde, Program Director
Operator Education Program
San Francisco Bay Section, CWPCA
Brown and Caldwell Engineers
66 Mint Street
San Francisco, CA 94103
1703
Richard H. Sullivan
Assistant Executive Director
American Public Works Association
1313 East 60th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
1704
M. R. Gurfein, Head
Circulation Department
American Chemical Society
1155 16th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20036
-------
30 - VOLUME I
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
Professional Organizations
(continued)
1705
Health Education Service
PO Box 7283
Albany, NY 12224
Publishing Companies
1800
Lansford Publishing Company
2516 Lansford Avenue
San Jose, CA 95125
State Agencies
1900
A. D. Smythe, Senior Sanitary Engineer
Oregon State Health Division
1400 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, OR 97201
1901
Elwin T. Howard, PE
Division of Health Engineering
State House
Augusta, ME 04330
1902
Kenneth L. Johnston
Water Systems Instructor
Montana State Department of Health and Environ-
mental Sciences
305 Riverview Drive, East
Great Falls, KT 59404
1903
Paul Gormsen, Sanitary Engineer OfjM
Vermont Department of Water Resources
Department of Water Resources
Pavillion Building
Montpelier, VT 05602
1904
James D. Nelson, Public Health Engineer
South Dakota State Department of Health
Office Building #2
Pierre, SD 57501
1905
John E. Vogt, Chief
Bureau of Environmental Health
State of Michigan Department of Public Health
3500 North Logan
Lansing, MI 48914
1906
Frank R. Harman, PE, Secretary-Treasurer
Wyoming Board of Voluntary Certification
for Water and Wastewater Plant Operators
Division of Health and Medical Services
Department of Health and Social Services
State Office Building
Cheyenne, WY 82001
1907
Gerald D. Healy, Jr., Training Officer
Bureau of Environmental Health
Louisiana State Department of Health
PO Box 60630
New Orleans, LA 70160
1908
Lavoy Haage, Instructor
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
Lucas State Office Building
Des Moines, IA 50319
1909
Robert L. Wubbena, Senior Engineer
Water Supply and Waste Unit
Department of Social and Health Services
Box 1788
Olympia Airport
Olympia, WA 98504
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND -
31
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
State Agencies
(continued)
1910
W. J. Stevenson, Chief
Water Supply Section
Department of Human Resources
NC State Board of Health
PO Box 2091
Raleigh, NC 27602
1911
James H. Peters, Engineer I
Nebraska State Health Department
1003 0 Street
Lincoln, NB 68508
1912
L. C. Harrison, Training Coordinator
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
47 Trinity Avenue, SW
Atlanta, GA 30334
1913
Don Sisson, Waterworks Supervisor
Missouri Division of Health
Bureau of Environmental Engineering
2511 Industrial Drive
Jefferson City, MO 65101
1914
Willard N. Sexauer, Head
Operator Training Unit
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
717 Delaware Street, SE
Minneapolis, MN 55440
1915
Department of Health
State of West Virginia
Charleston, WV 25305
1916
James E. Santarone, PE
Training and Certification
Florida Division of Health
PO Box 210
Jacksonville, FL 32218
1917
James W. Fester
Principal Sanitary Engineer
Rhode Island Department of Health
Division Water Supply and Pollution Control
Room 209 Health Building, Davis Street
Providence, RI 02906
1918
Henry Flohr
Public Health Executive
North Dakota State Department of Health
State Capitol
Bismarck, ND 58501
1919
Leonard Ainsworth
Training Coordinator/Lead Instructor
California Department of Public Health
Bureau of Sanitary Engineering
411 East Canon Perdido Street
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
1920 Jack B. DeLange, Administrator
Texas State Department of Health
1100 West 49th Street
Austin, TX 78756
1921 Mrs. Mildred Matters
Training Officer
Water Quality Control
Arizona State Department of Health
4019 North 33rd Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85017
-------
32 - VOLUME I
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
State Agencies
(continued)
1922
N. C. Vasuki, Manager
Water Resources
Division of Environmental Control
Department of Natural Resources
Edward Tatnall Building
Dover, DE 19901
1923
Harold T. Snodgrass, Sanitary Engineer
Division of Water
Kentucky Department for Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection
275 East Main Street
Frankfort, KY 40601
1924
Paul E. Bridges, RS
Manager, Operator Certification
Division of Public Water Supplies
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
2200 Churchill Road
Springfield, IL 62706
Technical Education Centers
2000
Gordon L. IViggins
Instructor, Environmental Engineering Technology
Fayetteville Technical Institute
PO Box 5236
Fayetteville, NC 28304
2001
Charles A. Johnston
Ins tructo r-Coordinator
Southwest Technical Institute
PO Box 45
E. Camden, AR 71701
2002
F. L. Coventry, Superintendent
Gary Sanitary District
Indiana Vocational Technical College
261 Taft Place
Gary, IN 46404
2003
Paul T. McKelvey, Coordinator
Environmental Affairs
Indiana Vocational Technical College
5221 Ivy Tech Drive
Indianapolis, IN 46268
US Governmental Agencies
2100
Harold L. Jeter, Director
National Training Center
US Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
2101
Robert Roth, Chief
Manpower Development Branch
US Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV
1421 Peachtree Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30309
2102
GeTard F. McKenna, Training Officer
US Environmental Protection Agency, Region II
Edison, NJ 08817
Universities
2200
Charles N. Faulk
State Instructor, Wastewater Treatment
Trade and Industrial Education
PO Box 2847
University, AL 35486
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 33
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
Universities
(continued)
2201
Program Director
Environmental Engineers of Wyoming
University of Wyoming
1513 Symons
Laramie, WY 82070
2202
Leon R. Holbert, Chief
Water Utilities Training
Engineering Extension Service
Texas A§M University
PO Drawer K
College Station, TX 77843
2203
Kenneth D. Kerri, Professor of Civil Engineering
California State University
6000 Jay Street
Sacramento, CA 95819
2204
David Millard, Instructor
Iowa State University
110 Marston Hall
Ames, IA 50010
2205
James K. Maupin, Associate Dean
Missouri Southern State College
Joplin, M0 64801
2206
John Quigley
Course Director, WWTP Operator
University of Wisconsin--Extension
Department of Engineering
432 North Lake Street
Madison, WI 33706
2207
Operator Training and Continuing Education
Environmental Systems Engineering
401 Rhodes Research Center
Clemson University
Clemson, SC 29631
2208
Clifford Fore, Instructor
Southern Illinois University
Waste Treatment Plant
PO Box 33
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Responded--No Data
2300
Edgar L. Bernard, Chief
Manpower Development Branch
US Environmental Protection Agency
J. F. Kennedy Federal Building, Room 2303
Boston, MA 02203
2301
Richard Hart, Supervisor
Community Services
Gateway Technical Institute
3520 30th Avenue
Kenosha, WI S3140
2302
Peter C. Toves, PE
Director of Public Works
Government of Guam
Agana, Guam 96910
2303
Paul T. McClurg, Project Engineer
DeWild Grant Reckert and Associates
Rock Rapids, IA 51246
-------
34 - VOLUME I
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
Responded--No Data
(continued)
2304
Edward C. Fohn, Chairman
Science Department
Green River Community College
12401 SE 320th
Auburn, WA 98002
2305
Joseph G. Sick, Chairman Department
Williamsport Area Community College
1005 West 3rd Street
Williamsport, PA 17701
2306
Efrain Justiniano Garcia, Chief
Water Pollution Control Section
Department of Health
San Juan, PR 00909
2307
Steve W. Kim, Chief
Sewage Disposal Section
Division of Water Pollution Control
Indiana State Board of Health
1330 West Michigan Street
Indianapolis, IN 46206
2308
Theodore V. Crosley, D.Sc.
Assistant Professor of Environmental Health
Eastern Kentucky University
Richmond, KY 40475
2309
Jack F. Cherry, Director of Faculty
Beaufort County Technical Institute
PO Box 1069
Washington, NC 27889
2310
Harry R. Becker, Operator Training Specialist
Missouri Clean Water Commission
PO Box 154
Jefferson City, MO 65101
2311
Gordon K. Forster
Muskingun Area Technical College
400 Richards Road
Zanesville, OH 43701
2312
R. K. Wittenstrom
Assistant Professor of Biology
Oakland Community College
2900 Featherstone
Auburn Height, MI 48063
2313
F. Neal Howard, Jr., Chairman
Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Danville Community College
Bonner Avenue
Danville, VA 24541
2314
Dr. W. M. McLellon, Chairman
Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental
Science
Florida Technological University
PO Box 25000
Orlando, FL 32816
2315
J. T. Livingstone, Division Chairman
West Valley Community College
14,000 Fruitvale Avenue
Saratoga, CA 95070
2316
Joseph McCabe
Director of Education Services
American Society of Civil Engineers
345 East 47th Street
New York, NY 10017
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 35
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
Responded--No Data
(continued)
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
Earl N. Gulledge
Dean of Instruction
Okaloosa-Walton Junior College
Niceville, FL 32578
Wayne Kyle
Western Iowa Tech
3075 Floyd Boulevard
Sioux City, IA 51105
Lawrence H. Breimhurst-
SERCO--Sanitary Engineering Labs, Inc.
3105 East 42nd Street
Minneapolis, MN 55406
N. A. Petersanti
Assistant Vice President, Career Education
Prairie State College
PO Box 487
Chicago, Heights, IL 60411
Lloyd Livingston
Dean of Vocational Instruction
Shasta College
Old Oregon Trail
Redding, CA 96001
Francis L. Hiscock
Dean of Applied Science
Southwestern Michigan College
Dowagiac, MI 49047
A. R. Moore, Service Manager
Hersey Products, Inc.
250 Elm Street
Dedham, MA 02026
William J. Hull, Assistant Superintendent
City of Atlanta Public Works Department
303 City Hall
Atlanta, GA 30303
Thomas Rex Ogle, Chief Operator
Wastewater Plant
Maryville Utilities Board
PO Box 280
Maryville, TN 37801
Charles A. Johnston, Instructor
Southwest Technical Institute
PO Box 45
East Camden, AR 71701
Replies Not Included
2400
2401
2402
Jacques Bourque, PE
Training and Licensing Section
Sanitary Engineering Branch
Ministry of the Environment
135 St. Clair Avenue, West
Toronto 195, Ontario, Canada
James M. Kimball, Acting Secretary-Treasurer
Idaho Sewage and Water Operators Certification Boards
1337 G Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
John Hartley, Supervisor
City of Marlborough Wastewater Treatment Plant
Boston Post Road
Marlborough, MA 017S2
-------
36 - VOLUME I
TABLE 8
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
ORGANIZATION
Replies Not Included
(continued)
2403
A. A. Baker, Director
New England Regional Wastewater Institute
2 Fort Road
South Portland, ME 04106
2404
Christopher G. Hong
Superintendent of Sewage Disposal Plants
Department of Public Works
653 Ala Moana Boulevard
Honolulu, HI 96818
2405
Kenneth L. Morphew, Coordinator/Instructor
University of Hawaii, R.M.P.
2156 Atherton Road
Honolulu, III 96822
2406
George M. Hamilton, Jr., Director
Berkshire Community College Environmental Center
West Street
Pittsfield, MA 01201
2407
Bernard J. La Beau, Technical Supervisor
City of Grand Rapids Wastewater Treatment Plant
1300 Market Avenue, SW
Grand Rapids, MI 49502
2408
Douglas B. Pickering, Assistant Chief
Plant Operations Branch
US Army Corps of Engineers
5900 MacArthur Boulevard, NW
Washington, DC 20315
2409
C. E. Easlick, Manpower Services
Virginia State Water Control Board
PO Box 11143
Richmond, VA 23230
2410
Ms. Susan Swanson, Program Assistant
Water Supply Section
US Environmental Protection Agency, Region V
1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, IL 60606
-------
TABLE 9
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
XUMBhK
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
Motion Picture
Still Transparency Projector
Audio Tape Recorder
Microforme Re
ader
Synchronizing
(SBl)
3Sn
m
nrxlO"
other
Reel
to Reel
Microfilm Reader
equipment (sliJe
or filmstripj
1/2
1
2
other
1/2
1
2
other
8
16
35
fiImstrip
slide
overhead
mono
stereo
mono
16
3S
with audio tape
1000
l/6y
l/6y
l/3y
l/2y
l/2y
l/2y
¦l/30y
1001
1/ly
1/ly
l/3w
BH
3/6w
VL
3/4w
VL
3/36w
B,3M
3/3w
P,W
1002
1/lw
1003
4/-
S,P
6/-
bo,t;k
11/-
BH,K
11/-
D,BH,G,K
29/-
K,Sa
22/-
12/-
W,S
14/-
S
38/-
S,N,BH,Gr
U-
X
2/-
K 5 Te
1004
-/2w
~/10v
-/10m
1005
1006
l/2w
BH
l/2m
K
l/2m
1007
4/5a
T
l/3m
BH
2/3m
K
2/6oi
l/2m
W
1008
1/-
S
1/-
S
1/-
BH
l/_
BH
2/-
D,K
10/-
3M
1/-
1009
4/20w
S
L2/8w
T,K
S/35w
BH,G
14/25w
V,G,D
12/20w
K
40/20w
A0,3M,BU
8/15w
S,3M,W
95/20w
HjCMjS.A
l/5w
X
l/5w
X
2/5w
3M
C,Sh,BH
1010
L/6b
R
l/2d
3M
1011
2f-
K
1012
l/3w
S
2/3w
S
L/3w
l/2w
D
l/2w
K
3/5w
BU
2/3w
W
10/6w
BH,S
1/lw
3M
1013
-/6w
-/6w
1014
l/Sa
8
1/4®
S
l/3m
BH
1/lm
K
If 2m
W
1/lm
Cr
M'hc number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w), month l„r i or
tho e<$u kronen* is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
\
<
o
I-
c
2
m
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN CONSULTING ENGINEERING FIRMS
CODE
NUMBER
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
1/2
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
1/2
other
Motion Picture
Projector
(ram)
16
35
Still Transparency Projector
35mm
filmstrip slide
10"xl0"
Overhead
Audio Tape Recorder
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microforme Reader
Microfilm Reader
(rninj
Synchronizing
equipment (slide
or filmstrip)
with audio tape
l/3ra
BH
2/2v?
1/8®
K,Sa
AO
l/Sy
l/5y
1/Iw
S
1/lv
BH
* Che number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w) f month (mj or yc;»
the e^iutiTneiit is used, if no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
TABLE 11
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN COUNTY AGENCIES
CODE
NUMBER
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
other
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
1/2
other
Motion Picture
Projector
16
35
Still Transparency Projector
35an
filmstrip slide
10MxlO'
Overhead
other
Audio Tape Recorder
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microforme Reader
Microfilm Reader
(mm)
Synchronizing
equipment (slide
or filmstrip)
with audio taoe
1/-
S
1/-
BH
1/-
Sa
*Thc number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w), month (m) or year (y ¦
the equipment is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
>
C
o
0
1
<
cn
C
>
f-
m
O
C
*TJ
3
m
2
H
O
2
Z
>
2
O
-------
I
<
o
r-
C
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN INTERSTATE AGENCIES
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
NUMBhlt
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
Motion Pic
Projecto
(mm)
ture
Still Transparency Projector
Audio Tape Recorder
Microforme Re
ader
Synchronizing
equipment (slide
or filmstrip]
with audio tape
35mm
10"xl0"
Overhead
other
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microfilm Reader
Microfiche
1/2
1
2
other
1/2
1
2
other
8
16
35
filmstrip
slide
mono
stereo
16
35
1400
1401
l/8y
BH
2/4m
Ni
l/4y
TF
l/8y
l/8m
AI
2/-
I
D
* !'he number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w), month (ra) or year
t ;-.o equipment is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
TABLE 13
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN MUNICIPAL AGENCIES
CODL
NUMBlik
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
1/2
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
1/2
Motion Picture
Projector
(am)
16
35
Still Transparency Projector
filmstrip
10"xl0"
Overhead
Audio Tape Recorder
Reei to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microforme Reader
Microfilm Reader
(iron)
Microfiche
Synchronizing
equipment (slide
or filmstrip)
with audio tape
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
l/2a
S
l/2n
S
l/2»
S
l/2m
S
1/239
K
L/I0y
l/2y
K
l/4m
BH
l/5y
l/3y
K
1/lv
K
1/-
K
8/10m
1/-
l/20y
K
l/4m
K
l/4w
K
*Thc number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w), month (m) or year t y..
the equipment is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
l/3y
3M
l/10y
l/2m
H
-------
rsj
I
<
O
r*
C
S
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
COOL
NUMBbft
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIH4ENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
Motion Pic
Projecto
(ram)
ture
Still Transparency Projector
Audio Tape Recorder
Microforme Re
ader
Synchronizing
equipment (slide
or filmstrip)
with audio tape
3Soir
10"xlOM
Overhead
other
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microfilm Reader
(mm"}
Microfiche
1/2
1
2
other
1/2
1
2
other
8
16
35
filmstrip
slide
mono
stereo
16
35
1700
1701
1702
1703
-POy
100/2d
Sa
-J 2d
K
*ihc number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d) , week (w), month (m) or year
tin- c.(Uinncnt is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
TABLE IS
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN STATE AGENCIES
CODE
NUMBER
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
1/2
other
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
1/2
Motion Picture
Projector
(mm)
16
35
Still Transparency Projector
35mm
filmstrip slide
10"xl0M
Overhead
Audio Tape Recorder
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microforme Reader
Microfilm Reader
(mm)
Synchronizing
equipment (slice
or filmstrip.)
with audio tape
1900
1901
1902
1903
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
i/8y
BH
1/lw
1/S0y
BH
l/ly
BH
l/20y
R
l/12y
Si
l/4m
K
1/2*
Cr
l/6y
l/6m
K
l/4m
G
l/2y
2/6w
K
l/48y
K
4/10d
K
l/3w
K
l/6y
l/10w
K
l/10m
K
l/2y
l/2w
l/2w
BH
2/6w
l/12y
AO
1/48y
3M
3/4d
3M
l/3w
3M
l/15y
EO
l/8w
S
3/20w
SR
l/2d
Re
l/5w
l/6w
3M
l/4m
Di
>
C
o
0
1
<
CO
c
>
r~
m
O
C
-o
S
m
z
-4
o
z
z
>
z
0
1
SS
*The number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w), month (m) or year (y)
the equipment is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
J
I
<
o
table 15 r-
c
s
m
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN STATE AGENCIES
(continued)
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
NUMBER
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
Motion Picture
Projector
(urn)
Still Transparency Projector
Audio Tape Recorder
Microforrae Re
ader
Synchronizing
equipment (slide
or filmstrip)
with audio tape
35nnn
10"xl0"
Overhead
other
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microfilm Reader
Microfiche
1/2
1
2
other
1/2
1
2
other
8
16
35
filmstrip
slide'
mono
stereo
16
35
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1/-
P
1/-
P
1/lm
K
l/14y
2/2m
K,BH
1/-
R
1/-
Bo
l/2m
K
1/lm
K
l/30y
1/lm
K
3/5m
K
1/-
Sa
2/-
Sa
2/4m
K
1/ly
K
Opaque
1/ly
1/-
1/-
S
1/ln
MN
1/-
K
1/-
3M
1/-
K
1 /-
K
MN
~The number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w)# month (m) or year r. ¦
the equipment is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
TABLE 16
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION CENTERS
CODE
NUMBER
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
1/2
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
1/2
Motion Picture
Projector
(ram)
16
35
Still Transparency Projector
35asn
filmstrip slide
10"xl0'
Overhead
Audio Tape Recorder
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microforme Reader
Microfilm Reader
Qnm)
Microfiche
Synchronizing
equipment (slide
or filmstrip)
with audio tape I
2000
2001
2002
10/2a
10/4»
l/2v
AV
l/20y
BH
10/4m
l/4w
G
10/2m
l/6w
K
3/-
10/-
H-
1/-
l/2d
BU
>
c
o
0
1
<
t/i
C
>
r-
m
O
C
m
Z
H
0
2
1
>
Z
0
1
•The nu»ber for frequency of use indicates the hours per day fd), week (w), joonth (») or year (y)
the equipsent is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
<
TABLE 17 O
C
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IN US GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
CODE
NUMBER
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
Video Tape Recorder
Cinches)
1/2
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
1/2
Motion Picture
Projector
(nun)
16
35
Still Transparency Projector
35mm
filmstrip slide
10"xl0n
Overhead
Audio Tape Recorder
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microforme Reader
Microfilm Reader
(nan)
Synchrony 2ing
equipment (slide
or filmstripj
with audio tarn
2100
2001
2102
2/-
S
2/4m
S,Co
2/-
S
2/4m
S,Co
l/5n
P
1/lm
K
6/-
BH.G
l/10n
K
2/3w
BH
1/-
1/lm
D
18/-
6/-
K
3M,Tn
He,B
2/20m
4/10m
K
3M,Tn
2/6w
2/3w
K
P,B
1/-
3M
4/lm
S
3/-
Cr,V
24/-
Cr
2/20m
S,0
2/4w
SM
1/-
MS
38/-
E
1/-
K,0,D
21-
K.SM
•The number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w)» month (n) or year t.y
the equipment is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
TABLE 18
FREQUENCY OF USE AND BRAND OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
IX UNIVERSITIES
CODE
NUMBER
NUMBER OF PIECES OF EQUIPMENT IN USE/FREQUENCY OF USE* AND BRAND
Video Tape Recorder
(inches)
1/2
Video Tape Playback Unit
(inches)
1/2
Motion Picture
Projector
(ram)
8
16
35
Still Transparency Projector
35nun
filmstrip slide
10"xl0"
Overhead
Audio Tape Recorder
Reel to Reel
Cassette
mono
Microforme Reader
Microfilm Reader
(mm)
Synchronirin^
equipment (sliJ
or filmstrip.'
with audio tape
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
1/lOw
K
l/15w
S
1/-
S
-/10y
I/'
S
2/4w
BH
3/-
BH.K
l/4w
R
6/30w
K
1/S0y
Sa
2/-
v,Ki
2/10y
K
l/2w
K
2/-
0
1/-
K,0
10/70w
B
l/10y
Ap
l/5y
3M
l/3d
-/10y
1/-
K
l/4w
S
>
C
o
0
1
<
53
c
>
D
C
m
2
-I
O
z
X
>
z
0
1
•The number for frequency of use indicates the hours per day (d), week (w), month (m) or year i.yj
the equipment is used. If no brand is mentioned, the information is not available.
-------
48 - VOLUME I
TABLE 19
CODE FOR AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
CODE
MANUFACTURER
CODE
MANUFACTURER
A
Ampex
N
Norelco
AI
AIWA
No
Nikkormat
AO
American Optical
0
Optisonic
Ap
Apollo
P
Panasonic
AV
AVID
R
RCA
B
Bessler
Re
Realistic
BH
Bell and Howell
S
Sony
Bo
Bolex
Sa
Sawyer
BU
Buhl
Sh
Showcorder
C
Coxco
Si
Singer
Co
Concord
SM
Sound-a-matic
CM
Channel Master
SR
Sears
Cr
Craig
T
Technicolor
D
Dukane
Te
Telex
Di
Dictaphone
TF
Thermo-fax
E
Elco
Tn
Tecnifax
EO
Elco Optisonic
3M
3M
G
Graflex
U
Uher
Gr
Gray
V
Victor
H
Hitachi
VL
Viewlex
He
Heiland
VI
Viewlux
I
IBM
W
Wollensak
K
Kodak
Wi
Wilson
MN
Montage/Narrator
X
Xerox
MS
Microscreens System Inc.
-------
TABLE 20
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF BRANDS OF STILL TRANSPARENCY PROJECTORS
TYPE AND BRAND OF STILL TRANSPARENCY PROJECTORS
CODE
CATEGORY
35 nun
10" x
10" overheac
Other
Pi
lastri
P
Slide
View-
lex
Dukane
Bell §
Howell
Graf-
lex
Kodak
Victor
Un-
known
View-
lex
Kodak
Sawyer
Dukane
Nik-
kormat
View-
lux
Wilson
Un-
known
Pana-
sonic
Heiland
Bess-
ler
3M
Bell 5
Howell
Am.Op-
tical
Buhl
Apollo
Thermo-
fax
Tech-
nifax
Sawyer
Kodak
Opaque
Un-
known
Un-
known
lOOO's
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
4
1
4
1
2
4
1
llOO's
1
1
1
1
1
120G's
1
1300's
MOO's
1
1
ISOO's
1600's
1
6
2
1
1
1700's
1
1
ISOO's
1900*s
1
10
2
3
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
3
2000's
1
1
1
1
1
2100's
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
2200's
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2300*5
TOTAL
X
4
2
3
3
1
4
1
33
7
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
6
11
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
10
1
-------
TABLE 21
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF BRANDS OF AUDIO TAPE RECORDERS
TYPE .AND BRAND OF AUDIO TAPE RECORDER
CODE
category!
Reel to Reel
MONO CASSETTE
Mono
Stereo
Wollen-
sak
Sony
3M
Un-
known
Sony
Sears
Craig
Uher
Montage
Narrator
Dicta-
phone
Elco
Optisonic
Real-
istic
AIWA
Pana-
sonic
Wollen-
sak
Sony
Norel-
co
Bell S
Howell
Gray
Hatachi
Channel
Master
Ampex
Craig
Sound-
a-matic
Opti-
sonic
Unknown
1000's
4
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1100's
1
1200's
1300's
1400's
1
1
1500's
1600's
1
1700's
1800's
1900's
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2000's
1
1
2100's
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2200's
1
I
1
2300's
TOTAL
4
7
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
3
1
:
1
2
1
2
2
-------
AUDIO—VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 51
TABLE 22
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF BRANDS OF VIDEO TAPE RECORDERS
SIZE AND BRAND OF VIDEO TAPE RECORDER
CODE
CATEGORIES
Half Inch
One
Inch
Two Inch
Other
Sony
Panasonic
Craig
Concord
Unknown
Sony
Unknown
Sony
1000's
3
1
1
1
1
1
I100's
1200's
1
1300's
1400's
1500'S
1600's
2
1700's
1800's
1900's
1
1
2000's
2100's
2
1
1
22001s
2
2300's
TOTAL
10
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
TABLE 23
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF BRAND OF VIDEO TAPE PLAYBACK UNITS
SIZE AND BRAND OF
VIDEO TAPE RECORDER
CODE
CATEGORIES
Half Inch
One
Inch
Two
Inch
Other
Sony
Panasonic
Concord
Unknown
Sony
Unknown
Sony
Unknown
1000's
1
1
1
2
1
1100's
1200's
1
1300'3
1400's
1500's
1600's
2
1700's
1800's
1900's
1
2000*s
2100's
1
2200's
2
2300-s
TOTAL
7
2
1
1
1
2
1
0
-------
52 - VOLUME I
TABLE; 24
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF BRANDS OF MOTION PICTURE PROJECTORS
.....
SIZE AND
BRAND OF
MOTION PICTURE PROJECTORS
CODE
CATEGORIES
8 mm
16 min
35 mm
Bolex
Techni-
color
Kodak
Unknown
Bell $
Howell
Kodak
Graflex
RCA
Bolex
AV
Unknown
lOOO's
1
3
2
2
7
1
1
1
3
1100's
1
1200's
1
1300's
1400's
1
1500's
lbOO's
1
2
1
1700'S
1
1800's
1900's
4
4
1
2
1
3
2000's
1
1
1
1
21001s
2
1
220Q's
2
« 1
1
2300's
TOTAL
1
3
2
3
20
9
3
4
I
1
9
TABLE 25
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF BRANDS OF MICROFORME READERS
TYPE AND BRAND OF MICROFORME READER
CODE
CATEGORIES
Microfilm Reader
Microfiche
16 mm
35 mm
Xerox
Kodak
3M
Unknown
Xerox
1
3M
Kodak
Unknown
3M
IBM
Kodak
Micro-
seens
Sys
Unknown
1000's
1
2
X
1
1
1100's
1200's
1300's
1400's
1
1500's
1600's
1700* s
1800's
1900's
1
1
1
2000fs
1
1
1
2100's
2200's
2300's
TOTAL
¦ 1
I
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - S3
TABU; 26
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF BRANDS OF SYNCHRONIZING
EQUIPMENT--SLIDE OR FILMSTRIP WITH AUDIO TAPE
TYPE AND BRAND OF SYNCHRONIZING
EQUIPMENT
CODE
CATEGORIES
Kodak
Telex
Coxco
Showcorder
Bell 6
Howell
Dukane
Montage
Narrator
Elco
Optisonic
Sound-a-
matic
1000's
1
1
1
1
1
1100's
1200's
1300's
MOO's
1
15001s
1600's
1700's
1800's
1900's
1
1
2000's
2100's
2
1
1
1
1
2200's
2
1
2300's
TOTAL
6
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
-------
54 - VOLUME I
TABLE 27
M3DE OF UTILIZATION OF AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
UTILIZATION MODE
(Percent)
Group
Individual
Community Colleges
1000
75
25
1001
70
30
1002
100
0
1003
-
-
1004
100
0
1005
-
-
1006
99
1
1007
90
10
1008
70
30
1009
65
35
1010
100
0
1011
80
20
1012
90
10
1013
100
0
1014
20
30
I
1109
191
n
13
13
X
85
15
Consulting Engineering Firms
1100
90
10
1101
100
0
£
190
10
n
2
2
X
95
5
County Agencies
1200
100
0
z
100
0
n
1
0
X
100
0
Interstate Agencies
1400
1401
100
0
£
100
0
n
1
1
X
100
0
£ = sum of percentn = number of replies X = average percent
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 55
TABLE 27
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
UTILIZATION MODE
(Percent)
Group
Individual
Municipal Agencies
1600
100
0
1601
100
0
1602
100
0
1603
100
0
1604
100
0
1605
100
0
1606
100
0
1607
100
0
I
800
0
n
8
8
X
100
0
Professional Organizations
1700
1701
-
-
1702
100
0
1703
100
0
Z
200
0
n
2
2
X
100
0
(Continued)
-------
56 - VOLUME I
TABLE 27
(Continued)
UTILIZATION MODE
CATEGORY CODE NUMBER (Percent)
Group Individual
State Agencies 1900
-
-
1901
100
0
1902
100
0
1903
90
10
1904
100
0
1905
100
0
1906
100
0
1907
90
10
1908
95
5
1909
100
0
1910
100
0
1911
100
0
1912
100
0
1913
100
0
1914
100
0
1915
-
-
1916
100
0
1917
100
0
1918
-
-
1919
100
0
1920
100
0
1921
100
0
1922
-
-
1923
100
0
I
1975
25
n
20
20
X
99
1
Technical Education Centers 2000
100
0
2001
80
20
2002
100
0
2003
-
-
r
280
20
n
3
3
X
93
7
-------
AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT ON HAND - 57
TABLE 27
(Continued)
CATEGORY
CODE NUMBER
UTILIZATION MDDE
(Percent)
Group
Individual
US Governmental Agencies
2100
100
0
2101
100
0
2102
90
10
I
290
10
n
3
3
X
97
3
Universities
2200
90
10
2201
30
70
2202
95
5
2203
-
-
2204
100
0
2205
90
10
2206
100
0
2207
100
0
2208
100
0
I
705
95
n
8
8
I
38
12
------- |