*>EPA
REGION H
NEW YORK / NEW JERSEY
PUERTO RICO/VIRGIN ISLANDS
LOVE CANAL: A Ticking Time Bomb Has Exploded
by ECKARDT C. BECK
A small neighborhood called Love Canal in
Niagara, N.Y., has recently turned into one of
the most appalling environmental tragedies in
American history. But that's not the most
disturbing fact. What's worse is that Love Canal
can't be regarded as an isolated event. It could
happen anywhere in this country, unless we move
expeditiously to prevent it.
I've been to Love Canal. I've seen it first hand.
The hundred or so simple homes in the area rest
almost atop an old chemical dumpsite, plowed
over several years ago. But as the ground
settled, and the rains came and went, strange
things began to happen. Corroding waste-
disposal drums broke through the ground in
backyards. Trees and gardens began to die.
Pools of chemicals sometimes settled in base-
ments, or near the grounds of the school. The air
began to smell. Children returned from their
play with burns on their their hands and face.
As a result, the New York State Health Depart-
ment recommended the evacuation of pregnant
women and infants, and is continuing an in-
vestigation into a disturbingly high rate of
miscarriages which have been detected, along
with five cases of birth defects. Citizens are
also being observed for possible high white blood-
cell counts. (EPA identified 11 compounds
suspected of being carcinogenic out of a total
which the New York Times termed "an incredible
mixture of 82 industrial chemicals thus far.")
August-September, 1978
The presence of various types of toxic substances
in our environment has become increasingly
widespread — a fact which President Carter has
called "one of the grimmest discoveries of the
modern era." Chemical sales in the U.S. now
exceed $100 billion per year, with over 30,000
chemical substances in commerce. To these, a
thousand new ones may be introduced each year.
Love Canal can now be added to a growing list of
environmental disasters involving toxics which
range from industrial workers being stricken by
nervous disorders and cancers, to the discovery
of toxic materials in the milk of nursing mothers.
Through the national environmental programs it
administers, EPA is attempting to draw a chain
of Congressional Acts around the toxics problem.
The Clean Air and Water Acts, The Safe Drinking
(continued on page 3)
IN THIS
ISSUE


Hot month for environmental incidents..p 3
PR gets resource recovery grant..

5
Costle on chemical induced diseases... .p 3
Public hearing on ocean dumping..

6
Clean water costs studied here	p 4
Environmental Calendar	

7

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ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENT GROUP BUSY
By Fred Rubel, Chief of EPA's Regional Emer-
gency Response and Inspection Branch
On a normal day EPA Region II's Emergency
Response & Inspection Branch is flooded with
calls for technical advice from industry and
other government agencies, as well as general
questions from the public. On the average so far
this year, more than one environmental incident
every 11 hours have been reported directly to the
Branch. Many additional incidents are reported
to and handled directly by the U.S. Coast Guard
and State environmental agencies.
The emergency response team also handles the
Agency's responsibilities during national disaster
declarations and runs a spill prevention program.
"August has been an especially busy month for
our Emergency Response Team", commented
Regional Administrator Chris Beck, acknowl-
edging incidents which have included a
Presidential disaster declaration involving the
presence of toxic chemicals on the properties of
families living at Love Canal, Niagara Falls, New
York; the groundings of two large tankers off
the Delaware Bay, each of which had a potential
for spillage of more than 11 million gallons of
oil; various spills reportedly involving PCB oils;
and the sinking of the dredge barge PENNSYL-
VANIA which closed New York City beaches for
a period of time.
The Love Canal disaster involves 90 families and
a public school located on property created on
the remnant of William Love's 19th century
uncompleted canal. The canal would have linked
the Niagara River to Lake Ontario and provided
power and water for a model city scheme. The
partially completed canal was bought by Hooker
Chemical which utilized it for a waste chemical
disposal site. About 1953, a portion of the dump
was bought by the Niagara Falls Board of
Education and the remainder was subsequently
sold to developers. Saturated soils caused toxic
chemicals to infiltrate basements and rise to the
surface. Residents are being evacuated, drain-
age and activated carbon filtration and
treatment of groundwater is planned along with
other remedies which are being considered.
August 14th outside Delaware Bay, off Cape
May. On the 22nd, the SCAT MOUNT with 15.5
million gallons of crude oil also grounded in the
vicinity of Delaware Bay. In each case, the
Federal/State Regional Response Team of agen-
cies was activated by the Coast Guard.
Fortunately, each vessel was able to be freed
without the spillage of its cargo. Not so
fortunate was the case of the dredge barge
PENNSYLVANIA which grounded off Rockaway
Point on July 31st and then sunk, releasing her
contents of 6,000 gallons of light oil, and much
of her 37,000 gallons of black oil, creating a huge
slick which extended in patches down to the
central coast of New Jersey threatening the
beaches, and eventually closing New York City
beaches for a while.
On August 12th, a report was received of an
explosion at the Orange and Rockland Utility at
Hammond, New York, where about two thousand
gallons of transformer oil, possibly containing
PCB's, had spilled onto the land and adjoining
waters. Cleanup was undertaken by a cleanup
contractor for the utility. On August 21st, a
report was received of another PCB spill of
about 400 gallons in Bound Brook, New Jersey,
which had passed through the Middlesex County
treatment plant. Other spills reported to the
group included propylene glycol, gasoline and
other oils, paint, sewage, mineral spirits and
waste chemicals.
A small nucleus of environmental emergency
specialists comprise EPA Region II's Emergency
Response Team although resources throughout
EPA Region II can be called upon for any
particular incident. A 24-hour telephone (201)
548-8730 is operative seven days a week to
receive reports of environmental emergencies.
The team is prepared with travel authorizations
The REGION II REPORT is published by
EPA's Regional Office of Public Aware-
ness, 26 Federal Plaza, Room 1005, New
York, N.Y. 10007. Telephone (212) 264-
2515.
Reg. Administrator	Eckardt C. Beck
Dep. Administrator			 Dick Dewllng
Dir. Public Awareness..James R. Marshall
Editor..	Richard J. Cahill
With 15 million gallons of crude oil aboard, the
tanker DLAMANTIS PATERAS hit bottom on

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and funds to prevent undue delay in emergency
responses. A variety of emergency-type equip-
ment is maintained including gas masks and
canisters, self-contained breathing apparatus,
emergency vehicles equipped with radio com-
munications and loud speakers, toxic gas analysis
equipment, special reference books, portable
telephones, walkie talkies, video recording equip-
ment, and a portable computer terminal, the
terminal is capable of accessing OHMS-TAKS,
the national Oil and Hazardous Materials-Tech-
nical Assistance Data System of EPA. This is a
hazard evaluation, response and physical proper-
ties information system with a data bank
centered in Washington, D.C. Also available on
short notice are an EPA- and a contractor-
provided helicopter which can facilitate trans-
portation to the scene and, more often, provide
an aerial view of environmental emergencies.
A toll free number is also available nationwide
for reporting oil spills: (800) 424-8802# This
system feeds reports to our local 24-hour num-
ber.
LOVE CANAL (continued from page 1)
Water Act, The Pesticide Act, The Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, The Toxic
Substances Control Act — each is an essential
link.
One link, however, is yet to be firmly set in
place.
Almost two years ago, speaking before the
Association of New Jersey Environmental Com-
missions, I warned that "even though some
industrial landfills have been closed down, they
may stand like ticking time bombs." Love Canal
has exploded. And there are thousands of such
dump sites across this Nation, many with burning
fuses, doubtlessly.
Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, EPA is in the process of preparing regula-
tions which will make grants available for State
inventories of industrial waste disposal sites. We
are working to make sure these regulations
provide that such inventories include full assess-
ments of any potential dangers created by these
fills.
related dangers are detected, what are we as a
people willing to spend to correct the situation?
How much risk are we willing to accept? Who's
going to pick up the tab? One of the chief
problems we are up against is that ownership of
many of these sites frequently shifts over the
vears, making liability difficult to determine in
case of an accident. And no secure mechanisms
are now in effect for determining such liability.
With regard to the measures that are being
pursued now at Love Canal, the city, State and
Federal government have looked into their purses
— i.e. your purse — and have found emergency
funds to remedy this situation. But no one has
paid more dearly than the residents of that
community. And the question still lingers
ominously, "What are we going to do if something
like this happens again?"
I don't think that any of us labor under the
illusion that there is, or will be soon, if ever, a
simon-pure antiseptically safe world. But it is
within our power to exercise intelligent and
effective controls designed to significantly cut
risks. A tragedy, unfortunately, has now called
upon us to decide on the level of commitment we
desire for defusing future Love Canals.
COSTLE SAYS STUDIES NEEDED TO LINK
CHEMICAL POLLUTION AND DISEASE
The United States needs a dramatic increase in
research on the relationship between chemical
pollution and cancer and lung and heart disease,
EPA Administrator Douglas M. Costle said in the
first report to Congress by the Task Force on
Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Dis-
ease.
Costle told Congress that the government spent
only $207 million last year to discover how
chemical pollutants cause these diseases in hu-
mans and that changes in our level of effort will
be necessary to reduce their risk and incidence.
The task force is made up of EPA, National
Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung and Blood
Institute, National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health, and the National Institute of
Environmental Health Science.
Which brings us to the missing link. If health-
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EPA WILL ASSESS ECONOMIC IMPACT OF
BUFFALO (NY) WATER CLEANUP COSTS
At the request of Congressman Henry J. Nowak
(D, Buffalo) EPA will make an in-depth study of
the economic impact in the Buffalo, New York
area of the Agency's requirements for treatment
of industrial and other wastes entering the
Buffalo Sewer Authority's (BSA) sewage treat-
ment system.
Congressman Nowak, speaking for his constitu-
ents, noted, "We want to ensure that Buffalo
receives every environmental benefit it needs to
fulfill its obligations toward cleaning up the
Great Lakes and protecting the health of its
residents. However, we want at the same time
to keep the costs to industry and our citizens at
a minimum."
BSA is now upgrading its 180 million gallon per
day Bird Island primary sewage treatment plant
to a secondary system with phosphorous removal,
meaning that operating and maintenance costs
will almost double. Many businessmen in Buffalo
are concerned that compliance with pretreat-
ment regulations for indirect dischargers and the
costs of meeting the secondary treatment stand-
ards will be so high as to force them to relocate
or shut down their companies. The study will
address those claims of economic impact and it's
expected the study approach being developed will
be useful in many of the nation's older industrial
urban areas.
RA Chris Beck pointed out that the Buffalo
region "is a prime example of the environmental
and economic problems facing the Agency in the
Northeast. On the one hand, we have the serious
impact of toxics and phosphorous discharged by
concentrated industry and population into the
fragile and vital ecosystem of the Great Lakes.
On the other, we have the impact of cleanup
costs on an older city with a shrinking tax base
and older industrial plants."
EPA will seek the active participation of public
officials, industry and public interest groups in
the area while performing the study.
The various environmental cleanup costs will be
evaluated in terms of economic impact on the
different types of industries discharging to the
municipal system. Particular attention will be
given to potential plant closures or relocations.
These plant-level effects will ultimately be
combined to develop an estimate of the overall
economic impact on Buffalo due to the environ-
mental regulations affecting indirect discharges.
NOAA SCIENTISTS DEVELOP SEWAGE
TRACER FOR COASTAL WATERS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion (NOAA) scientists have identified a
biochemical technique that can be used to trace
sewage in coastal areas, a matter of vital
interest to environmental managers in heavily
populated parts of the coast.
The newly identified technique uses coprostanol,
a steroid thought to be produced exclusively by
bacteria in the intestines of mammals, to
measure sewage in offshore sediments. The
coprostanol method promises to become the
standard for sewage-pollution detection.
The technique was developed as part of a major
ecosystem study NOAA has conducted in the
New York Bight, the 15,000-square-mile (39,000-
square-kilometer) continental shelf area off the
New York-New Jersey coast.
Steroids are biochemical compounds that resist
deterioration in the environment. The steroid
coprostanol was found to be present in con-
taminated marine sediments, and appeared to be
stable enough to be used as a tracer of sewage.
Subsequent work led to a "percent-coprostanol"
term that permits the scientists to estimate how
much of a sample's organic matter is sewage-
derived.
With the technique, a map of the New York Bight
has been developed showing sewage pollution
centered in a basin near the sewage-sludge dump
site, and diminishing rapidly with distance away
from the dump site. The highest value found was
15 percent coprostanol in the highly con-
taminated black muds near the dump site. Pure
sewage contains more than 30 percent.
For further information call Hal Stanford, Ma-
rine Ecosystems Analysis, New York Bight Pro-
ject at(516) 751-7002.

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EPA FUNDS STUDIES OF IMPOUNDMENTS FOR
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
Groundwater is a vital natural resource in the
United States. At least half the population
depends upon it as a source of drinking water.
Region II has awarded New York $200,000, New
Jersey $196,600 and Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands $30,000 each to study the ground-
water pollution potential that may result from
surface impoundments (pits, ponds and lagoons)
within the state.
EPA's drinking water program is making
available a total of $5 million in grants to the 50
states and six territories to obtain national data
on these potential pollution sources. The states
will make a determination using randomly selec-
ted industrial, municipal and agricultural
impoundments. The assessment is expected to be
completed by the states by July 1979.
One of the principal sources of groundwater
contamination related to waste disposal prac-
tices is known to be industrial wastewater
impoundments. These facilities are widespread
and sometimes contain hazardous substances.
The wastewater from them is discharged directly
to the subsurface. In places, this wastewater has
contaminated aquifers (underground lakes).
Waste disposal practices of greatest significance
to groundwater quality degradation are most
prevalent in New Jersey, New York, California,
Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan,
North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas.
EPA Regional Administrator Chris Beck has said,
"Before we develop a long-term national policy
and strategy we need more data to get a fix on
the magnitude of the problem. The assessment
will also help EPA estimate the potential for
pollution from impoundment which involve vary-
ing groundwater flows. And it will provide
needed information on existing State programs
and statutory authorities.
When the assessment is complete, EPA will re-
evaluate the federal laws which deal with water
supply — the Safe Drinking Water Act, the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), and the Toxic Substances Control Act —
to choose the most effective ways to control
eroundwater pollution from this source.
While the assessment of surface impoundments is
underway, EPA will begin the national inventory
of open dumps/sanitary landfills, required by
RCRA. The two programs are closely related.
Most surface impoundments will be included in
the inventory of open dumps/sanitary landfills
which is a more in depth study. The assessment
will help guide the inventory by identifying which
sites require initial study.
New Jersey DEP's Commissioner Daniel J.
O'Hern said his department initially will be
looking at the heavily industrialized parts of New
Jersey to find the large ponds of liquids at
manufacturing and processing sites. nPart of the
grant," Mr. O'Hern said, "will be used to conduct
overflights of the state this fall to collect
photographic documentation of all impound-
ments."
EPA AWARDS GRANT FOR P.R. RESOURCE
RECOVERY
EPA has awarded a $789,433 grant to help fund
Puerto Rico's Resource Recovery Development
Program. The money will be used to prepare and
distribute a description of the island-wide Re-
source Recovery Plan; to develop the procure-
ment "package" which will attract competitive
bids from the industry to plan and build the total
system; and to provide an interim solution to San
Juan's mounting solid waste disposal problem.
The development of Puerto Rico's island-wide,
large-scale resource recovery facility arises
from the need for a solution to the residual
waste (municipal, sewage, industrial and agricul-
tural wastes) disposal problem, and from the
need for an alternative energy source. A
refuse-to-energy plant using tons of solid wastes
and sludges as fuel will generate energy, provide
recovered scrap materials, attract industries and
employment opportunities, and effectively solve
the solid waste disposal problem. Legislation
creating a Solid Waste Management Authority to
lead the development of the facility was passed
earlier this year.
EPA, with assistance from the Departments of
Energy and Commerce, is working in cooperation
with Puerto Rico Commonwealth agencies and
municipalities in implementing the program.

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PUBLIC MEETING SET ON NY-NJ MUNICIPAL
OCEAN DUMPING PERMITS
EPA is seeking public comments on interim
municipal ocean dumping permit extensions to
New York-New Jersey metropolitan area com-
munities at a meeting on Monday, October 16, at
9:00 A.M. in Room 305 of the Federal Building at
26 Federal Plaza, New York City. These
communities are continuing to ocean dump sew-
age sludge at the disposal site 12 miles off the
coast of New York and New Jersey in the New
York Bight under the conditions of their present
permits which expire on January 10, 1979.
RA Chris Beck indicated the basis on which
decisions to either issue or deny these permit
applications are made, "We have two goals in
mind in the program to phase out ocean dumping
of municipal sewage sludge. The first is dis-
posing of wastewater treatment sludge in a
manner that will protect human health and the
environment by ensuring that the practice ends
by December 31, 1981. What is more, we want
to conserve resources by making beneficial use
of the sludge, wherever practical."
Beck said, "Before making a final decision on
these permit extensions, we will carefully evalu-
ate the performance of the applicants in
complying with the conditions of their present
permits. We expect schedules for phase out of
ocean disposal to be technically and economi-
cally realistic, and we expect strict adherence to
these schedules."
The below-listed applicants have complied with
tht requirements of currently held interim ocean
dumping permits, and have shown satisfactory
progress towards putting in effect land-based
disposal alternatives. The tentative determina-
tion is to issue interim permits to these
applicants:
Asbury Park City	Nassau Co. DPW
City of Long Beach City of Glen Clove
Borough of Lincoln Park Pequannock Township
Morris Township
The following applicants have not fully complied
with the phase-out requirements of currently
held Interim ocean dumping permits. Enforce-
ment actions have been initiated or are
contemplated by EPA against these permittees.
However, at the present time, EPA believes that
these applicants can meet the 1981 deadline for
cessation of ocean dumping. The tentative
determination of the Agency, therefore, is to
issue Interim permits to these applicants:
Wanaque Boro
West New York Boro
Atlantic Highlands Boro
Bergen Co. U
Joint Meeting
Middlesex Co. SA
Northeast Monmouth
Rahway Valley SA
Westchester Co. DEP
West Paterson Boro
Middletown Twp. SA
Cedar Grove. U.
Linden-Roselle SA
New York City DEP
Passaic ValleySC
Totowa Boro
The following applicants are currently out of
compliance with phase-out requirements of exis-
ting Interim ocean dumping permits. EPA does
not believe that the applicants have an imple-
mentation schedule adequate to allow phasing
out of ocean dumping on or before December 31,
1981. The tentative determination is, therefore,
to deny permits to these applicants.
Kearny, Town of
Washington Twp. (Morris Co.)
Wood-Ridge Boro
BARBARA METZGER NAMED AS EPA DIVISION
DIRECTOR
Chris Beck has appointed Barbara Metzger to
serve as director of EPA's regional Surveillance
and Analysis Division at Edison, New Jersey.
"Dr. Metzger has a unique combination of experi-
ence and environmental and academic expertise
to contribute to the solution of the growing
variety of complex pollution problems here in the
Region,"Beck said.
A Piscataway (NJ) resident, Dr. Metzger has
been acting director of the Division since June,
replacing Dr. Richard Dewling, who became
regional deputy administrator. Previously, she
had been chief of Region 2's Environmental
Impacts Branch for almost three years. She
began her government career in 1970 with an
EPA-predecessor agency, the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Administration. Dr. Metzger's
three degrees from Rutgers University includes
work in agricultrual science and a Ph.D. in
environmental science.

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ENVIRONMENTAL CALENDAR
The 1977 Amendments to the Clean Air Act require that states develop new air pollution control
strategies to meet national air quality standards. These controls will have an impact on citizens of
New York and New Jersey so it is important that all interested people make an attempt to
participate with their state government in the development of balanced, reasonable and effective
approaches to the problem.
In New York City Public Meetings, termed "Listening Posts",on transportation measures in New
York State's Implementation Plan for clean air have been scheduled from 2:00 P.M. to 9:00 P.M. at
location in each of the five boroughs.
October 5-6 QUEENSBOROUGH HALL
Room 213
120-55 Queens Blvd.
Kew Gardens, N.Y.
Police Dept.
1st Floor, Main Entrance
(East of Municipal Bldg.)
New York, New York
BOROUGH HALL
Stuyvesant Place
St. George, S.I.
BOROUGH HALL
2nd Floor Courtroom
209 Joralemon St.
Bklyn., N.Y.
BRONX COUNTY BUILDING
851 Grand Concourse & 161 St.
2-5:00 P.M. Ground Floor Corridor
5-9:00 P.M. Jiffy Room 212
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CALL 938-3351
In New Jersey preliminary public meetings on the State Implementation Plan for Clean Air are
scheduled to begin at 7:30 P.M. for the following dates and locations:
September 25
September 26
September 28
October 4
October 5,
In Room 106, Rutgers University Law School, 5th and Penn Street, Camden, New
Jersey
Tax Board Hearing Room, Hudson County Administration Building, 595 Newark
Avenue, New Jersey
County Court House, Court Room #3, Salem
Second Floor Court Room, Monmouth County Court House, Count Street
Entrance, Freehold
Freeholders Public Meeting Room, Administration Building, Ann Street Entrance,
Morristown
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CALL: Joseph DiConzo, New Jersey DEP at
(609)292-8663
ANYONE INTERESTED IN OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THEIR STATE'S
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR CLEAN AIR REVISION PROCESS SHOULD WRITE: Tri-State
Regional Planning Commission, SIP Coordinator, 82nd Floor, One World Trade Center, New York,
N.Y. 10048.
October 16
October 24
A public hearing on interim ocean dumping permit extensions to New York-New
Jersey communities that dump sewage sludge at the disposal site 12 miles off the
coast in the New York Bight will be held in Room 305, 26 Federal Plaza, in New
York City starting at 9:00 A.M.
The New Jersey Noise Control Council is sponsoring a public hearing on
"Motorcycle Noise and its Control" starting at 2 P.M. at the Herrmann Education
Center in New Brunswick, New Jersey.

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EPA TIGHTENS GAS EVAPORATION STAN-
DARDS FOR '81 CARS
Evaporated gasoline — which escapes from gas
tanks, fuel lines and other parts of a car —
combines with other pollutants to form smog.
About one-third of the hydrocarbon emissions
from a typical 1978 car are the result of such
evaporation, with the rest coming from tailpipe
emissions.
EPA is tightening the standards for evaporated
gasoline that escapes into the air from auto-
mobiles. Through the 1980 model year, the
standard is six grams per car but starting in the
1981 model year, the standard will be two grams.
Auto companies can comply with the regulations
by using tighter-sealing gas caps and locating
large canister near the engine to collect vapors.
Cars must meet the standard before they may be
legally sold in the U.S. If the companies try to
sell cars that don't meet the standard, they will
be subject to fines of $10,000 per vehicle.
The new regulation is a necessary complement to
increasingly stringent rules on tailpipe emissions.
JUST FOR THE ASKING
A new research report, titled: The Bioenviron-
mental Impact of a Coal-Fired Power Plant:
Third Interim Report, presents information gath-
ered in EPA's Corvallis Environmental Research
Laboratory's Coal-Fired Power Plant Project.
Copies of the composite report are available in
limited quantity, free-of-charge through the Of-
fice of Pubilc Awareness, Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory, 200 S.W.
35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97330. Ask for
publication number EPA-600/3-78-021.
A pamphlet called The ABC's of PCBs has been
updated to provide information on the current
uses, health effects and regulation of PCBs and
is now available free from the Sea Grant Field
Office, UW-Milwaukee Great Lakes Research
Facility, 600 East Greenfield Avenue, Milwau-
kee, Wis. 53204.
Bicycle Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution has
been published by £PA as an information docu-
ment for states revising their State Implementa-
tion Plan (SIP) for areas which do not meet air
pollution control requirements. A more detailed
bicycle information document will be available in
the fall. Region II residents wanting further
information should contact Lewis Heckman at
(212) 264-9800.
A new booklet, called Suspended and excelled
Pesticides has been compiled to summarize ana
clarify EPA actions on those pesticides which
have been suspended, cancelled or otherwise
restricted. This list is not a statement of
Agency policy, but is primarily designed as a
quick reference guide to be used by Regional
EPA inspectors. However, the list can also serve
as a general reference for anyone involved or
interested in pesticide regulatory work. For
copies contact Wes Lucky, Publications Office,
EPA, Region II, (212) 264-2599.
The reader is free to quote or reproduce any part of this publication without
further permission.
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