REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION POLICY,
ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION IN THE
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
June 1982
SEPA
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION POLICY,
ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION IN THE
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERHANY
June 1582
Joseph A. Cannon
Associate Administrator
for Policy and Resource Management
S
Thomas P. Gallagher
Oi rector
National Enforcement Investigations Center
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
GERMAN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION SYSTEM 2
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING IN GERMANY 5
AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS FOR THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN GERMANY .... 8
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY-GERMANY 10
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GERMANY 11
POWER PLANT AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS IN WEST BERLIN U
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL CAPABILITIES OF THE UMWELTBUNDESAMT 15
APPENDICES
I FEDERAL tMMISSION CONTROL LAW
II I MlSSION PROTECTION POLICY OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC
III GUIDELINE FOR CONTROLLED LANDFILLING OF WASTE
IV EMISSION DECLARATION FOR COKING OPERATIONS
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION POLICY, ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION
IN THE
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
INTRODUCTION
As part of the United States/Federal Republic of Germany Environmental
Agreement, consultations with German environmental experts were
conducted by representatives of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency in West Germany from April 20 through April 30,
1982. The U.S. EPA representatives included the Associate Administra-
tor for Policy and Resource Management, the Director of the National
Enforcement Investigations Center, and the European Program Manager
of the Office of International Activities.
Principal topics of information exchange were:
I. German experiences with the concept of environmental auditing
and potential application to United States regulatory programs.
This topic was discussed with Federal, Land (State) and
industrial representatives in Dusseldorf, Bonn and Berlin.
II. German regulation of the iron and steel industry, with particula
reference to control of fugitive emissions and the feasibility
of retrofitting pollution capture technology at older facilities
This topic was discussed with Land authorities in Dusseldorf
and industrial representatives at the Mannesmann Steel Works
in Ouisburg, North Rhine Westphalia.
III. Implementation of hazardous waste tracking systems, as well as
guidelines for hazardous waste disposal facilities. This
topic was discussed in Berlin and Hamburg with Federal and
Land author i t ies.
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2
IV. Possibilities for interchange programs on computer information
retrieval data bases between the Umwe1tbundesamt (UBA-Federal
Environment Agency) and U.S. EPA. This topic was discussed in
Berlin with staff of the UBA.
V. Impacts of U.S. EPA mobile source testing procedures. This
topic was discussed with representatives of Volkswagenwerk at
Wolfsburg.
In addition to the above formal discussions, a site visit was made to a
major power plant in West Berlin which will employ flue gas desulfuriza-
tion. Justification for this FGD installation resulted from cooperation
between U.S. EPA and the UBA, as well as environmental staff of the Land
of West Berlin.
B. GERMAN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION SYSTEM
Generally, the envirorrnental regulation system in Germany is
highly decentralized in its respons i b i} f t ies and activities. The
German equivalent to the U.S. EPA is known as the Division of
Environmental Protection and located as an organizational unit in
the Ministry of the Interior. It is supervised by a Ministerial-
direktor (= Assistant Secretary) reporting to the State Secretary
who, in turn, reports to the Minister. The State Secretary is
responsible for the internal day-to-day operations of the various
organizationa1 units in the Ministry. The Division of Environ-
mental Protection is located in Bonn.
The technical organizational component of the Division is known as
the Umwe1tbundesamt (UBA) and is located fn Berlin. It is respon-
sible for data acquisition for standard setting. It provides
technical advice to the Laender (States) on emergency response
situations primarily involving characteristics of particular chemicals.
It serves as an information clearinghouse for practices involving
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hazardous waste generation, treatment, storage, and disposal in the
Federal Republic, and assists Laender and local authorities with
respect to wastewater discharge requirements for both municipal and
industrial facilities. The UBA has particularly strong involvement
with respect to air environmental programs, with less direct regu-
latory activities devoted to hazardous wastes and water.
In the air media, the UBA recommends adoption of specific ambient
and industrial source standards, which are developed by committees
of industry associations. Following approval by the Ministry,
these standards become regulations known as Technical Instructions
Air (TA-LUFT). Each Land is obliged to implement a regulatory
program of controls, compliance, and enforcement with the national 1
approved standards. All operational program activities, including
enforcement actions, are the sole responsibility of the Laender.
Each Land may design its own program to meet the national standards
There is no mandated oversight from the Federal Ministry. Once
standards are established, the role of the Federal Ministry is one
of technical assistance as requested, and information and data
coordination. The Federal Immission Control Law, passed in 197^,
and similar in many respects to the U.S. Clean Air Act, is Appendix
I. The Immission Protection Policy of the Federal Republic is
Appendix II. (Note: The Germans use "immission" to mean ambient,
and "emission" just as we do.)
In the solid waste area, the functions of the Federal Ministry are
more limited. It prepares national generic guidelines through the
Umweltbundesamt for the Laender. The guideline for controlled
landfilling of waste is Appendix III. Additionally, it serves as a
coordinator among the Laender for agreements on tracking of gen-
eration, transport and disposal of hazardous wastes. Definitions
and operational standards of control for specifically regulated
hazardous wastes are the responsibility of the Laender.
In contrast to the air-related laws, most of which have been
developed since \dk$, German work laws are very localized, many
dating back to the 12th and 13th centuries. There is a strong
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k
tradition of local jurisdiction over water, and federally-approved
standards are formed for local enforcement.
There are no Federal ambient water quality standards. Effluent
standards for industrial classifications are developed by ad hoc
groups which are coordinated by an industry representative with
advice and information-gathering provided by the Umweltbundesamt.
The effluent standard must be approved by the Bundestrat, the
Upper House of the Federal Parliament. Approval by the Bundestrat,
which represents the Laender, theoretically requires each Land to
implement a regulatory program for that industrial effluent stan-
dard. Water enforcement is generally re-delegated to county or
other local authorities.
As in the United States, environmental protection is largely admin-
istered through licenses (permits) granted to regulated sources.
These permits are predicated upon extensive ambient and source data
generally collected either by the source or certified independent
I I
measurement experts known as Technischer Uberwachur.y^ - Verein
11
(TUV). Each license is tailored Individually to the source on a
case-by-case basis and each Land maintains very large inspection
units to assure continuous compliance with the conditions of the
licenses. As an example, the Land of North Rhine Westphalia, a
very heavily industrialized area in Germany, employs an inspection
staff of 1500 persons for air regulation, of which approximately
300 are graduate engineers; 800 are master technicians, and the
remaining are support personnel. In the Land Berlin, which consists
of the city of West Berlin, there are 220 personnel employed for
environmental protection. In addition to operating licenses for
hazardous waste disposal, there is a manifest and tracking system
for generators and transporters of toxic materials as agreed upon
by the Laender. Each Land is responsible for its own enforcement
policy and program, including criminal prosecutions and plant
closings, if warranted.
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c.
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING IN GERMANY
Environmental auditing in the United States is presently in an
early stage of development. It is projected as a method of deter-
mining continuous compliance, as well as an efficient pollution
control planning process. Decisions in the United States still
need to be made concerning:
1. Extent of information requirements and inclusion of
appropriate pollution sources (major and/or minor, etc.);
2. Coordination of reporting requirements across media;
3. The role of independent third parties from the private
sector and certification of same;
b. Whether the program should be voluntary or required;
5. Enforcement policy toward participants in an environ-
mental auditing program;
6. Development of standardized procedures for conducting
environmental audits.
Germany has had a program similar to environmental auditing for the
past ten years, primarily for regulating air emissions. Aspects of
the program were discussed in Bonn with Federal policymakers of the
Division of Environmental Protection and in Berlin with personnel
from the Umwe1tbundesamt and a representative of the Free State of
Bavaria. Observation of the working program was made in the Land
of North Rhine Westphalia in company with representatives of the
North Rhine Westphalia Inspectorate for Air, the Mannesmann Steel
II II
Works at Duisburg, and the Technischer Uberwachungs - Verein - TUV)
for Essen.
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6
I I
There are 11 TUV's whose jurisdiction roughly corresponds to the
larger Laerider. Their functions are very broad, generally in-
volving inspections, assessments, and research in areas as widely
diverse as building inspection, energy conservation, power plant
design, and motor vehicle inspections. Although they are funded by
industries analogous to a foundation type basts, there is no
product development, no profit, and there is a meticulous concern
for buffering their independence from the contributing industries.
The professional and technical staff, representing approximately
two-thirds of the employees, are certified by the Land governments
through examinations.
\ I
With respect to environmental activities, TUV's are involved, at
the discretion of the industrial source, in planning and siting of
facilities through ambient monitoring of appropriate environmental
parameters; supervision of the installation of pollution control
technology, and monitoring of the operation of control technology
through regular measurements of emission and/or effluent levels.
I I
Most of the environmental activities of the TUV's are concerned
I I
with air measurements. All information collected by the TUV's
must be made available to the Land authorities. Consequently, the
I I
TUV's, in effect, serve as private third party environmental audit-
ors .
I I
The TUV's are primarily used for establishing the data base from
which the license is negotiated and compliance is assessed. For
instance, when a Land inspector believes that a violation of the
air emission license may be occurring, he may order the company to
conduct emission testing. This testing is usually conducted by the
II
TUV, but it is not required that they be the monitors. The testing
is paid for by the industrial source. However, if the inspector is
wrong in his suspicions concerning violations, then the Land must
pay for the testing. Consequently, it is desirable, from the
standpoint of the Land and the industry, to have an independent
third party conduct the testing.
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7
In certain of the Laender. especially in the equivalent of non-
attainment areas for ambient air quality, the State Inspectorates
require an emission declaration on an annual basis for major
sources. An example of such an emission declaration for the Mannes-
mann Steel Works at Ouisburg is Appendix IV. This emission
declaration lists either measured or calculated mass loads by
regulated parameter from each point and fugitive source within a
plant. This policv has been in effect in North Rhine Westphalia
since 1978.
The initial emission declaration for the tfannesmann Steel Works
required three work-years by the company to develop the procedure
and monitoring system. Preparation of subsequent annual emission
declarations require a fraction of this initial work investment.
The company was at first resistant to this requirement, but, since,
has viewed the annual report as an excellent planning document for
negotiating with the State Inspectorate on installation and schedu-
ling of additional pollution control equipment.
The emission declaration permits an assessment of the magnitude of
pollution and the cost of abatererit for each emission point within
a plant. Consequently, an emission control plan (ficense) can os
developed based upon Land priorities for reduction of certain pol-
lution parameters; the contribution by the plant to the ambient
levels of quality for those parameters; and the relative cost by
emission point for control of those parameters to acceptable levels.
In effect, the information in the emission declaration represents
that necessary to develop a bubble program for the plant.
The German system contains nearly all of the elements of an environ-
mental auditing policy being discussed for implementation in the
U.S., at least as it may apply to the air program. If a steering
committee, consisting of Federal, State, industry and environmental
representatives, dealing with policy implementation of environmental
auditing in the U.S. is appointed, it is strongly recommended that
representatives of the Federal and Land authorities, together with
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German industrial personnel, be invited to brief the committee on
the German system, and to suggest areas of mutual interest for
pilot programs and information exchange. It may be worthwhile to
have a German representative assigned to this committee for assistance
in the development of the implementation policies. It is suggested
that the Office of International Activities explore the possibilities
of such an exchange through the German Marshall Fund.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS FOR THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN GERMANY
Seventy percent of the iron and steel production in Germany is
located in the Land of North Rhine Westphalia. Air pollution
controls for the steel industry, particularly the installation of
controls for reduction of particulates (dust fall), is the major
priority for the Air Inspectorate in North Rhine Westphalia. Point
source emission standards are derived from data collected from a
very extensive ambient monitoring network and from emission decla-
rations from the steel plants. The type of controls and scheduling
for their installation are negotiated with the State Inspectorate
and formalized in an operating license.
The iron and steel industry in North Rhine Westphalia will be fully
controlled for both direct and fugitive source air emissions by
1985- This includes retrofitting of existing processes, where
indicated from an economic standpoint. Existing processes which
are uneconomical to operate will be phased out. This control
program will be accomplished through subsidies from the Federal and
Land governments. While the subsidy program is available to all
industrial sources, in practice most of the money in North Rhine
Westphalia goes to the iron and steel industry. The average
amount spent on this program annually through 198^ is 200 million
marks ($90 million) utilized in the State of North Rhine Westphalia
alone. Subsidies are for the capital cost of installing pollution
control equipment. All operation and maintenance costs are to be
provided by the iron and steel industry.
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A visit was made to the Mannesmann Steel Works at Duisburg to
observe the air pollution control technology. The plant produces
four million tons of a wide variety of steel products each year.
Specific observations were made of control of fugitive emissions
for blast furnace tapping; pouring into the basic oxygen furnaces;
and coke oven pushing controls. In addition, the operation of an
automated emission monitoring system was observed. During the
visit, all processes were operating on normal production levels.
At the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnaces, pollution control
technology was retrofitted to permit collection of fugitive par-
ticulates. According to the representative of the State Inspec-
torate, the particulate dust collection apparatus, consisting of
movable hoods, fans and vents, is 90 percent efficient. The
present coke oven batteries are only partially controlled using
hooded quench cars. New coke oven batteries will be built in the
next two years. During the period of observation of the monitoring
network, while the aforementioned processes were operating, all
emission standards were being met. Any significant and/or con-
tinuous excursions above the emission standards are immediately
reported to the State Inspectorate and consultative corrective
measures begin at once. There are rarely, if any, format enforce-
ment actions.
During the period of retrofitting of pollution control devices to
these processes (approximately two years), that part of the produc-
tion process was suspended. Both the State Inspectorate and the
company contend that this represents, through a loss of production,
a substantial investment in pollution control on the part of the
company, consequently justifying the State and Federal subsidies
for the capital cost of the pollution control technology. In
addition, the company contends that the investment of several
million marks per year for continuous operation, maintenance and
monitoring of environmental pollution controls also represents a
substantial investment on its part.
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Since 1979. the Mannesmann plant has been required to file an
annual emission declaration. Appendix IV is a sample of part of
the emission declaration for the coking operations. Mannesmann
presently believes that the emission declaration is an excellent
planning tool for cooperating with the authorities in developing
an overall air pollution control plan for the facility.
E. ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY - GERMANY
Discussions were held with environmental personnel of Volkswagen-
werk at Wolfsburg concerning stationary and mobile source control
programs. All major stationary source processes at the Wolfsburg
plant have installed pollution controls. These processes include
the paint shop with an after burner system for hydrocarbon removal;
the foundry with an electrostatic precipitator; the chemical
cleaning process with an absorption system; and the main power
plant, which also serves the town of Wolfsburg, with a filtering
system. The emission measurements for operational certification
and licensing of the pollution control technology was made by the
< I
area TUU. The only process which is continuously monitored for air
emissions is the foundry. Other processes are measured on a random
basis by the company. All ambient standards are being met. Conse-
quently, the Land Air Inspectorate does not require an emission
declaration from Volkswagen at the Wolfsburg plant. As at the
Mannesmann Steel Works, exceedence of required emission standards
must be immediately reported to the Inspectorate. In practice,
because only one process (foundry) is continuously monitored and
all ambient standards are met on a continuous basis, no reports
have been necessary.
With respect to automobile emission standards, Volkswagen prefers
that of the three tests for compliance employed by U.S. EPA (certi-
fication, assembly-line or selective enforcement auditing, and in-
use testing), in-use testing is most indicative of actual vehicle
emissions. However, Volkswagen contends that, because of problems
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of reliability from any specific engine, there will inevitably be
a wide variability in the distribution of emissions measured from a
large number of vehicles. Volkswagen would prefer that an average
of emissions from in-use testing be used as compliance verification
rather than a standard einission level not to be exceeded by greater
than a certain percentage.
On oth&r matters, Volkswagen would welcome an extension of two
years of the dlesel particulate standard. The company contends
that this standard is technologically unfeasible at the present
time. They have asked for a clarification of the Agency's po\ic
regarding high altitude standards. The Associate Administrator
indicated that he would respond to Volkswagen on this subject. If
the certification process is to be continued, Volkswagen would
prefer streamlined procedures. They contend that the present
procedure for the fifty thousand mile test is unrealistic in terms
of pollution control reliability. The company will provide an
alternate suggested test to the Associate Administrator.
Representatives of the company stated that fuel economy was the top
priority with respect to design of Volkswagen engines in the inter-
mediate future. They presently have new engines coming into pro-
duction which will guarantee an additional 15 percent in fuel
savings. They noted that better fuel economy increases emissions.
Consequently, the company would like to initiate discussions with
EPA concerning waivers to standards for innovative technology.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GERMANY
Initial legislation dealing with hazardous waste management was
passed by the Land of Hamburg in 1971. This law established a
manifest system to provide for tracking of wastes from generator to
final disposal. It also provided for licensing and bonding of
transporters in the amount of three mi I!ion marks. The Federal law
was passed in 1972 and closely paralleled the Hamburg legislation
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in terms of an operational program. The law theoretically mandates
zero discharges and emissions from disposal sites. As stated
previously, the role of the Federal government is to provide guide-
lines which can be utilized by the Laender. There Is no Federal
authority to regulate and enforce. Germany has a uniform national
manifest system as the result of agreements among the Laender. The
system was developed in cooperation with the waste transport and
disposal industry.
With respect to abandoned hazardous waste sites, the 1972 Federal
Act provided that each Land would pay cleanup and remedial costs.
It took approximately Five years to virtually eliminate the backlog
of abandoned sites. Hovjever, at thrs date there are occasional
discoveries of such sites.
Hamburg is in the forefront of the German Laender in terms of
operating a regulatory program. It manages an extensive computer
information retrieval system based upon manifests tracking gener-
ators, transporters, disposers, and classifIcatloas of wastes. For
instance, frequency and classifications of waste handled, as well
as generator sources, can be retrieved immediately for any licensed
transporter.
Hamburg requires that each generator keep wastes separated by
classifications in order to preserve as many options as possible
for control.and disposal. The City provides storage in salt domes
for small generators of wastes through the municipal collection
system for solid wastes in general. Large amounts of hazardous
wastes are disposed by either public or private sector.enterprises.
Generally, incinerators and "chem'ica 1 treatment of hazardous waste
are a private sector initiative while landfilling is in the public
sector. All landfills, chemical treatment and incinerators must
have a detailed operating license, and there is a very active
compliance monitoring program by the Land regarding recordkeeping,
operation and mainteance of these facilities.
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Incineration at sea has been relatively common in the past for
particular types of waste that are not recommended for storage or
landfilling and where potential exposure must be minimized. Hamburg
is presently trying to discourage this practice and is supportive
of full prohibition. The Land of Hamburg has instituted a subsidy
program for disposal of especially difficult or incompatible kinds
of wastes. The operating costs for disposal have risen dramatically
in the past few years, thereby encouraging generators to attempt
recycling and reuse of hazardous wastes. Presently, public officials
and the private sector have been experimenting with a kind of
brokering and exchange system for hazardous wastes. Under this
system, a generator of a type of waste for which he has no use will
sell their hazardous residuals to a manufacturer who could use that
material in his production process. While recognized as a highly
desirable means of minimizing costs of dealing with hazardous
waste, this recycle and reuse program may cause future problems in
funding the operation and maintenance of existing incinerators and
chemical treatment disposal plants, as well as amortization of the
capital costs involved, due to the increasing unit costs, as the
volume of wastes to be treated, stored or incinerated decreases.
The Hamburg, model of both public and private waste disposal facil-
ities is also followed in the Laender of Bavaria, North Rhine
Westphalia and lower Saxony; the other major industrial areas of
Germany. In Bavaria, the private sector disposal operations are
conducted by an industrial corporation whose shareholders are the
Land, municipalities and industry. As in Hamburg, Bavaria requires
an operating license for each disposal facility. Licenses are
issued by special district authorities which are organizations
formed between the counties and the Land.
The licensing process for hazardous waste disposal in Germany can
take up to ten years. There have been no new landfills since 1976-
The last approved incinerator took eight years for licensing. It
is generally believed that licensing of existing facilities, as
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well as construction of new facilities during the period of 1972 to
1976, will meet the capacity requirements for the country in the
Immediate future, particularly as recovery and reuse of hazardous
material is now the major priority. This conclusion may have to be
re-evaluated when ocean dumping of hazardous wastes is completely
banned In 1986.
Q. POWER PLANT AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS IN WEST BERLIN
The city of West Berlin is officially a Land of the Federal Republic.
Electric power for the city is provided from eight generating
plants which provide electricity to more than one million households.
Because of the unique political and geographical status of West
Berlin, BEWAG, the power company, cannot obtain reserve electrical
power from either the West European or East European grids. Conse-
quently, the power plants have a large number of relatively small
generators such that occasional failures will not result in a major
interruption of electricity. These generators are oil and coal
fired. Controls for the coal operated facilities reduce particulates
by 99 percent. The oil fired facilities use heavy fuels with
sulfur content as high as 1.4 percent. Emissions of SO^ from the
power plants represent approximately 10 percent of the total S0^
air pollution in West Berlin. Automobiles are the largest source
of SO^ air pollution in West Berlin, representing 60 percent of the
total. Because the legal ambient limit of sulfur dioxide has been
reached in West Berlin, it was determined that the largest oil
fired plant (Lichtenfelde) should install a flue gas desulfurization
process. The development of the regulatory basis for the flue gas
desulfurization control program was a cooperative effort between
the West Berlin Land authorities and the Umweltbundesamt, with
technical assistance from U.S. EPA. These pollution control facil-
ities, which will be operational In 1983, will cost approximately
$90 million and will reduce ambient levels of SO2 by four to six
percent.
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INFORMATION RETRIEVAL CAPABILITIES OF THE UMWELTBUNDESAMT
The Umweltbundesamt operates a computer information retrieval
service for the Laencfer and municipalities in emergency response
situations where information on characteristics and effects of
chemicals need to be provided to on-site personnel as quickly as
possible. Additionally, UBA maintains information on progress of
environmental research projects throughout the Common Market
countries. UBA also has access to many of the technical informa-
tion files available in the United States.
One of the major problems with respect to information retrieval i
Europe is the multiplicity of languages. Dr. Vogler of the UBA
staff is currently developing a program which will permit multi-
language retrieval. Once this capability is in operation, comple
interaction between EPA and UBA systems should be feasible.
EPA/NEIC will continue contacts on implementing such an exchange.
UBA personnel are extremely intersted in supplementing their
research files with information on EPA Office of Research and
Development project activities. They would like to see a re-
establishment of the ORDIS file.
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APPEND IX 1
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CONTENTS
TIRST PAKT GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1 Purpose of the Law
Article 2 Sprere of Application
Article 3 Definitions
rART E £T AB LIS H" 1EMT /S-.D OPERATION OF INSTALLATIONS
r:rst Sectior. Installations subject to Licensing
Article 4 Licensing
Article 5 Obligations cf Operators of
Installaciors subject to
Licensing
Article 6 Ccnditio-.s for the Grant c- a
Licence
Article 7 Requirements witn regard tc the
Establishment, Nature and
Operation cf Installations s'^tject
Licensing
._r~icle g partial Licence
A-'Cicle '* Frcvisic™al Decisions
'••.l'.ie tC. Procedure for Granting of a
Licer.ce
-t.'I- r^'ecu*- r_- Thiri Parties tc
"am-. l:ic-:t£ rr Prcvisicr.al
"to s.jr «
- . . - .prle.Tcii' Ic.t.e-t.; Previsions
* ,.-o and ether
^.C".sior-.s
. txc'.-tift .£ C'.aurs Jor Protective
Measures t-der Private Law
"¦VtiClJ IV :lC';£',icT.r lwMi?icatiori of
!;c-ns s^-ject tc Licensing
- iti f . ' . .:..[SCEr:
-'.r-... --j " ~.. o ¦ » . ¦' " - - - r -S
'it. - n' i
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Article 19 Facilitated Procedure
Article 20 Prohibition, Shut-down and
Removal
Article 21 Cancellation of Licence
Second Section Installations not subject to Licensing
Article 22 Obligations of the Operators of
Installations not subject to
Licensing
Article 23 Requiren-ents with regard to
Establ lshireit, Nature and Operati
of Installations not subject to
Licensing
Article 24 Directions in Individual Cases
Article 25 Prohibition
Third Section Estaolishment of Emissions and Icdssions
Article 26 Measurements on 5pecial Grounds
Article 27 Emission Report
Article 28 Initial ar.i Rec-irrent y.easure.-er
in the case of Installations sur
to Licensing
Article 29 Continuous Measurements
Article 30 Cost of Keasvireaents
Article 31 Information regarding Eisissiois
and Iceissioris established
1-URO PAST NATURE Or INSTALLATIONS, SVBSTM.CES, FPODSCTS
A.KD FUELS (5RENNSTOFFE, TREIBSTCrPE)
Article 32 Nature of Installations
Article 33 Type Certification
Article 34 Nature of Fuels 'Brennstcffe,
Treibstoffe)
Article 35 Sature of Substances arc ?red-
Article 36 Exportation
Article 37 Corpliarce wit> tncerjc-.er.v;
icreeirer.ts i.~.c Censicis cf *.
rjrepea- Cc.tr'^r:'.ies
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Law for rhe Preventi.cn of Harxful Effects on
•chs Environr.erz Cajsed t>y Air Follutior, Noise, Vibration
and Similar Fher.oier.a
Bundes-ImnnsslonsschJtzgesetz - Federal remission Control Lav)
r 15 4arch 127-1 .Bur.desqesetzblatt Part I, cp. 721 , 1193),
s amended by the law Amending the Law to Introduce the Penal
^de , d
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FArtT NATURE AND OPERATION OF VEHICLES, COhSTPUCTION
¦\!0 MODIFICATION OF ROADS AND RAILTRACKS
Article 38 Nature and Operation of Venicles
Article 39 Corrplianipe with Intergovernmental
Agrefrcr.ts and Decisions of the
European Cor.-.jn.ties
Amrle 4C Traffic R-stnctiors Air
Circulation is Poor
Article 4 1 Reads and Pailcracxs
-rticJe 42 Conpe-satiin for So^r.d-prcDfInc
Measures
.--i^LCle 41 Federal Gcvernrent Ordinance
^O'. ri'CRIMG JF AIR POLLLT1G> I J. FECErAL TERJU70RY
CLEAl, AIR PLANS
Article 4-« Firdir.gs in Areas wit- aeavj
PoIIu^icr lead
.-.rticlc 45 .',.easi:t.,'ert and EvaiLj-.io-
Pr-cedures
Ait-icie -it E=_s5ic- Registers
Art.-'i: 47 Clear. Air Plar.s
, .. . .
0'- 7 = ; y.s
."i-.cls 43 Ad-inistrat;v-= Pri.ujiois
Article -ir rr::e:tic- zf Specific Are2s
Article jO Pla-ning
Artlcl-- 51 Hearing cf Parties Concerted
Airicie 52 Supervision
sir .i.ic
53 Appoir.mer.i o: an I-ai'issiO' Cortrol
Of:icer
Artie!:: 54 F.« stjjr.sibil-ties
Si Obligations of tnc Operator
Art.cze 56 Cpincn vitr. rocarc to Ir./cstr.er.t
Decisions
Article i? c.f Heari.'.c
- 5 -
- 5 -
Article 58 Non-dlscrinunation
Article 59 Competence with regard to
Installations serving National
-rticlv. 60 Exemptions for installations l
National Defence
Article Gi Report of the redtial Cov.rnB.
Article 62 Violations of Regulations (Oru
rfi dri -ke»ten)
Article 61 Cr*ir-.'al Cfftr.ces
Artie!"? C? Cr.n:-al 1f:er.ces
;r:icl? 65 Vicloticr : 1 ?fcliaatio~ t~i '; o .
cp." r»v
SZV~STH F/J*T CCKCLL'm.G PROViriO' i
Article 66 Cint:-,.£ - _ .:=no- tf - _ : .
Article 6? Trar.ji'..:. e. r::.:.s.C"t
Arc .Cj. ? 66 /-Tl •- T - . Trite
/-.rticle 69 Ane-d." e".; of trs Ator. c £-:-rv/
Acr, t.ne Citeri-^ tr- Cii
Sweep Act. e.-.d fe i» = £t^ Ziscs.
A.rticle 7C A.Te'd.t£r.t Crar.opcrt re;,! .t
.'rtic.e 7" Tr=rifc-r c: refer"=->ces
-rtirle "2 cf is:ns
Jrticie 73 Berl;.-. ri'.jse
-------
The Bundestag, with the approval of the Bundesrat, has passed
the following Law:
FIRST PART
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article <
Purpose of che Law
The purpose of this Law is to protect human beings as well as
ar.inals, plants and other ob3ects frcja hanr.ful effects on the
environment and, in so far as installations subject to
licensing are concerned, from dangers, considerable disadvantages
ar.d considerable nuisances caused in other vays, and to prevent
such harmful effects on tne environment.
Article 2
Sphere cf Application
TSe provisions of tnis Law shall apply to the following:
establishment and operation of installations,
I. production, narketmg and importation of installations,
fuels iBrennstoffe, Treibstoffe*, substances and products
fr^c. substances, within the teres of Articles 32 to 37,
3. nature, equipment, operation and inspection of motor
vehicles and their trailers, and of rolling stock, aircraft
ajid watercraft, withi- the ceres of Articles 38 to 4o.
(. construction of put lie roads as veil as railways and
rrar-ways witha.T th= tcrr.s cf Articles 4* tc 43.
- 7 -
;2) The provisions of this Law shall not apply tc aerodromes;
nor shall they apply to installations, equipment, devices or
nuclear fuels and other radioactive substances .-rich are subjet.
to the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act of 23 DscarJber 1959
(Bundesgesetzblatt 1, p. 814) as most recently amended by the
Cost Authorization Amendment Law of 23 June 1970 (Eur.des-
gesetzblatt I, p. 80S), or are subject to an ordinance issued
under that Law in so far as it concerns protection froo the
dangers cf nuclear energy or Erora the harmful effects of
ionizing radiation.
Article 3
Definitions
(1) Harmful effects on the environment within the bearing of
this Law are lirraissions which, according to their nature,
extent or duration, are liable to cause danger, cans.derable
disadvantages or considerable nuisances to the cereral puolic
or the vicinity.
t'2i iEJnissions within the meaning of this Law axe air pollutio-
ncise, vibration, light, heat, radiation and similar effects
on the environment wl-.;cn ha-.e a; effect or. bsmgs as
well as annuls, plants or other objects.
(31 Emissions within the ceamng of this Law are air poilutioi
r.a;se, vioracion, Italic, heat, radiatior ard sim lar
pher.oasena easitted by ar. installation.
14) Air pollution withir the meaning of this Lav are cr.oiess
ir. che natural corposiuon cf the air, esps-rial !;> ti- rcaah
sza'ne, soot, dust, gas, aerosols, stear., or occr^_s s-jns-anccr:
• z.) Installations within tne cear.ng cf iris 1-=.-. are
- 3 -
-------
- e -
1. incastrial premises and other stationary facilities,
i rracr.ines, 1, a-c ether movable technical
facilities, as well as vehicles, in so far as they
aic net S'.i;cCt t; the provisions of Article 38,
i. i&nu, uin rr.e exception :: thcro_shfares,cn which
"".:ter.a2£ ar~ stereo 'r seasoned, cr --.ere -crk is
carrieJ c„t ,'ricr> cjuse emissions.
¦.c ' T - c ii-.r-s: - ' ec1-•'.jIcjv t-.e "esnirg of
-S j-aw is '.."it ~-s.ee :,i ^=.«lo:icrt cf prc^ressive rrocesses,
fsc-iitits r -t vetrxs of operation wnicr. indicates
v r.';r* : 75: " . : t c: J- ^.u.-c "C-lar "tc 2 — I?
.. Er;s = .—T .r o . a * i-i s - 11. ¦?
- ? r c .*_ = _• : .-r.Ctrii:;- r-all bt give- tc c.i^.ar£i ie
::cc?!=eb, . f: cis :r op=r = :;_r .-.ic1- :£tr
s ji.cess: j! 1. t.-ic'i : t.
' j-ufic'.-rt, i -:cr &i.y oz'ier -reacreit srsll be
:;3a=c prcd'-ct.o' »'itr.in tJie rear.irv cf t!-is Law; the
.r any ci-«: of ar iten lr.tc the area cf
rc::c.»tn.-: :>? t".c La'- sr.ali ce aee-.ed ir-pc rtat lor. wnmr.
" v a.*-c ~.?zpj-.tzc: .p--,ratiO'! of ir.stailat ic^s •hicr.
r;. rcis*.', ci -.te.r --i-r.- "r triir c:.-erjt :cn are part:c-Iar1.
!:afcie to cause rar;f_» effects cr. -."r.t e-. ironrer.t or cther->ise
- 9 -
to endanger, or cause considerable disadvantages or consider:'
nuisances to the genera! puollc or the "icinity, shall bo sub
tc licensing. Instal 1 jtlens whici- Jo not serve commercial
purposes and are not useu vithm £rar,:ework of co.mrercia>
upcertakings shall only be Si-i^act to licensing if they
are paiticularly liable tc cause rarrful effec.s on tl.e
enron'aent tnrouoh air ^cll^tior. or rcise. TKe F'edaraj
rc-eiwnt shall deterrT.ire, aftar rear -iq the parties co".c».r-
Ar'.icie SI) , -i/ r^aris .. £ = - or--""_cr . t>i= socrr * .
ft Buncesrat, uhicn i ns t a 11 =.1 it: z . be 3L.c;ect tc
_icersire.
2; No licence in accordance wit.". La.' is rceced fcr
-.nj-c ir st^l Jariris -sec ic - prosfec: . -.r :;r cr
¦ _'.crai rrsuurces.
^slicj'-icns of Ocerat;rs of I" ; f- j - i. -. ic s-
- s ze i la t icr.s sjbjGCt :: tc-i-si ~i I e 5 b — s' '~-c
¦¦c c'er=tei i- ?-jc- i *=
'i:-;.. uffec-^s i" e. J'2 cc--;
:crf.c£.ri:.s 1:;^; ~ " - —
•_ ^ -no i, ='• eral p.El.c 2r'*. . . . _ 1 - ••
preca^cicnacj ir parnc_iar rc-as.res : c = -
vr.e 1 ."1 i - a 1 _on : : ^ssi-.-s iccjrii-;e ".^ ^ " c
iacts-. s'.atc zZ r-* -.zzy, d.z'- :i«c. to ^ r; /e*
effects cn t'.e t ;ro.-"i?'t,
rc-sidia; suost.src.-Ls \r~-~ ere -pera-.r cf 5'-cr .~
are proocr'.y ard J—.0. J; . 1: -J cr, --- so "ar
:i -ct F>-=i -is t-.-cv leal,) cr »s ]j.-: .fiii i-
grounds, are properl/ ^ispc = ed cf a- >
-------
- 10 -
Article 6
Conditions for the Grant of a licence
A ljcence shall be granted if
1. measures have been taken Lo ensure that the obligations
arising out of Article 5 and out of any ordinance
issued under Article ^ have been fulfilled,
2. other public-lav regulations and labour protection
requirements do not prevent establishment and
operation of the installation.
Article 7
Requirements with regaxc tc the Establishment, Nature and
Operation of Installations subiect to I-icc.Tsinr*
"3 The Federal Governr.er.t is authorized to prescribe
neans of an ordinance, with the approval of the Bundes-
rat, and after nearmc the parties concerned (Article 513.
cJ-.at the establishcent, nature and operation of instalfStions
subject to licensing -ust; satisfy certain requirements m_
order to fulfil the obligations arising out zf Article S,
ind in particular that
1. the installations cost ceet specific technical
req jirerrents,
2. emissions frosa installations nay not exceed specific
liEUts, and
3. the operators of installations sust take measurements
or nave measurements raker cf er,issiors a~.d ^nrussions
in accordance witfi procedures to be rore specifically
defined in the ordinance.
- 7 1 -
- II -
(2) With regard to the requirements pursuant to paragraph 1,
first sentence, sub-paracxaphs 1 to 3, reference may be made
generally accessible notices b; experr acencies; in this
respect
t. the ordinance shall cor.tain the dJte of such notice and
the exact source reference,
-..he notice nust be deposited -n the archives of the Gorr
patent Office ar,d appropriate reference made thereto ir
the oromance.
Articje 8
Partial Licence
Upon application, a licence ray be granted for
1. the establishment of ar. installation or part oi an
mstallatior or
2. the establishment and operation of part of an
installation if a pro/isionai examination shows tr.at tr
concitions specified iArticle 6 v.ir. regard to the
establisment ar.c cperaticr. cf c-.e ~::cle ipsta i lot ic-.
have teer net, ar.d that tr.ere is a iustif^ei .r.ier^s*.
in the granti-.c of a partial licence.
ArticLe 9
FrsMSior.al Sacisions
illipon application a crovisto-a^ dec-sic-. ciav be issuf j
recariir.c particular c:rc::ic.s for the grant of a 1 ice-.c.
£rd tic IccaciO", o: ar. .-sta.iat.or., •--at t.-.e
effects c-f tne prcpossa l'ste.'. lai car ~e
-aied arvc litis <¦ >5- - fled 'f re - . ir the
.si .e of a provisional dec-sio.-..
12 -
-------
- 12 -
12> The provisional decision shall become invalid if the
a^plicait does i ct appl., for a licence within two years after
the decision r.as ttccr.e ir.c^i.tes table: this period may, on
application, £e exterded to to"-r jears.
(3) The provisions of Article 6 ord 21 shall apply mutatis
ajtandis.
Article IP
Proced'-iie f:r t>e Grar.n^j cf a Licence
; 1) The procedure rcr ^r.o 9rar.tir.g sf a licence shall be
i - ;t:a:cd c- c. i:r:tte_ application. Tr.e application rust be
;cc^r;pa?:cr. ty t*e n«=ccs = 3r> drawings, explanations c otr = r
iac-ir.er.ts req-irec fci i*ar:r.2,.,,;'i ir. accordance wi:!. Article
c Zt the 3.^:1:-=; are ins-ft ic ie~.t the appiica--
5 =11, at the leoues: cf Uie c;-fetent autnority, forni3v
S-vplereitar;- dccw-^i- ~f -.thiri 2 reasonable psciod of tt~e.
• 2 ir iocjnppte cor.tat-. i._sir.ess or industrial secrets chev
t>jst s.arj'cd icroriir.c - presented separately. Tr.eir
ccTicr -S ~ust. tc t..e c/-.ea: possible without divulging tr.e
te d-sTr.r-ei s_;I- c=teil that third parties r--
--i-iqe 2.- i -- -.'i- z:izor.z z'~e effects cf the lr.staiiai
~ r i/ to the?.
,3; Zr the doc-^eents are conclete, the ccr^peter.t autnority
snail give pubjir notice of tie project in ::s official
gazette as ifell as ir. Izzal daily papers ir the area where
the ir.stalla'.^cn is cc ot estiiblished. Tr.e application ar.d
the pertinent ic:-Mr.'.s, «.c.r. the exception cf ^ e iccurants
tslcr.-fd tc :n psrasrapr= 1, first sentence, shaii be open
for irspcctior. fcr t»c r.irtr.s after public -.ctice; during
tMs perici titi.b t; e prefect, cither ir. writing or
orsllj to be placed ir. record, f£j be lodged rfith the author:
At the end ol this i-eriod -*1 ot^ectione not b2sed cn special
titles under private law shall be precluded.
- 13 -
(J) The notice pursuant to paragraph 3, first sentence,
Shill
1. indicate th? time and place t^.e application rcr
the issue of a licence and the perti'e-t aocjuer.ts
.nay be insj-tctcJ,
2. bLat.. aiij object.cr-s --- -- •-
period specified tor inspection <-tr, ar aoeicj tc
.-?e designated in r* e notTee- *¦" ~r. s ::"e\»rr reicrirc
t.'a.l uc -ucie ic. -egal :cr5e;.e.icti ;-of . .
-nird sento.ee;
J. state a datfe for discuss icr. a-.a cc.- t.-a. c-1-
•oagec objectjors will i-o iisc :ssec ev=- if the »v. .
' r persons ".a'.m; :re =:e ii.-E-
-J pcir.t out z-az oerv.ee cf ihe zee.3-.-.- i-_- = .c-
ccjsciicrs :na-j be replaced •. a. r • -1-::.;e -f -zzr.
thar. SOO Dersor.s have to be s£f ec wi--. s.r' .¦te::;;;-,.
t'Sj Tr.e cor.cecert ncers.rj a_th3i-t; t-.e
cp.r:^.-. cf .-: = •= r.a
-5 i'it-ct-.d b-j
•r.) ? 1 iei t's- c: ^r.e iriicd 3::;.:'.;: rcr
t--e - - re- ? i -9 r.:s: nisc.ss *"e :r;ec:: .r= zo 1 ¦ -z
f:cje.-r lodged ir. ^oocf tire vith t.it- apcLi;a-r s-.i -1 t-.csi
z, 'ae leaded t or,;tc-..;:5 Or; 3.-;:g.-3 ras = i rr. ;r-.
t»cle ^rictr privacy sr^I" be deilt v.c- 5. t-c :-J.'ar
cojr-.a acccrc.rc tc r=.-l3i :rc:£-jr;.
-1 Tie decisi;- ar. t.-.e 3?r-i ^ca*. icr r t I.re-r. sr^l! t^
1 s-j .ccj ai.i- tie jio-ndi srat:i ir .r.tira: - .1 ;e ;cr
jpjn i^e app3»;a"t ird rr.e ;crs;:.i l^icec ^?".c
cb)eci. >r.s.
- W
-------
[8) If such decis.:or .-as ;c r-= s:rvea upon more than 50O
persons m additio- tc uf-plic^nt. such senice iray be
replaced by puciit Pj.mi: notice s^all be effected
by publication or cs rsiaa-ory part of tfe detisiop and of
the notice of legal recedj . <¦ application mutatis mutandis
of paragraph 3, first se-: jr.c;, attention shall be draw to
any conditions. I ~ tr.is :.-5» "e cupy of t^e full decision
siail be laid out z-z ; t.ec tici fcr twc >eehs as from the
aay after r.ot.c« r.is ns=- r.^iished The tioci.ce s^iall indicate
the tine and place .r£r; ;i- incision and the grounds >pon
which it is based r«; :-^te=ted aid, pursuant to the
sixth sentence, rcc-es: = i. t-t the end of f.e inspection period
the decision shall b= c = a^i served, t-.is shall be Indicated
ir. the notice. Folis-i-r ;_c..c notice ZKS decision and the
grounds upon whlcr it tiis: caj , 'jrtil the expiry of trie
period for otjeetior, :;q„e = t£i i- wr-t^ng by the persons
who nave lodged an
19) Paragraphs 1 to 8 epplj -iutatis ifucandis to
provisional decjsior-s
(10/ Tne Federal GO'-er.-Jt-er t is authorized to determine the
principles for the Ii;c-3i-.; procedure oy leans of an
;r;.!,ar.ce vitli tie afrrr.s. cf t^e a^ndestat; such orairance
aiay also deteraiAne tre pti-.r.ples for the issue of a i. rap.ee
oy the facilitated procec-re i^rticie "Si and for the iss_e of
a provisional decisic- ^t-cle ?: ar.d a partial licence
(Article 8).
(tl> Tr.e Federal H^r.is-.er ;r ^eSs-ce is ."oriied, ir
agreement with the Federal s-.&r of the ir.ter.oc, by
ceacs of an ordinance, Ji:" approval cf the B^ntiesrat,
to detera»ne licensirg ;::c=;-rea c tr = r tihar t ose prsi iced
for in paragraphs I to * aro - frr .•. = "a:.2'..3~s ser.
national defence.
(12) Pjragrjpfi I' shall nrt apply :n Earli-i
- IS -
Article I 1
Objection by Third Parties to Partial Licences
or Pio1. -SKral Decisions
Cnce a partial licence issued or a provisional decision
jrade has become incontestable nc objections may be raised
l.- tnc further procedLie for the gra-itir.j of a licence for
the establishment and cserat-ion. = : zr.4 installation, if sucr
CDject;ans are rased farts .^re put forjaed within
z-e pence srer*fieci for :r -Jhich could have been
pjt forward on tre cas^s sf ne dcc_nents laid oat for
i-spfctici
Art.cls '2
S-'Ooie— e~ t = :".- Lice~;.n^ provisions
«i' A . icci.'c ma; r.e arj-'te: ' - cor d 11 io-'s and
restriction? if this is .lecsjsir;1 zz f ti 1 £i L.-nent of ;hi
cc.-ci: .ors for a licence referred tc A-rticle 6.
'21 Or. application, a lico-re rj; ce grartea for a certain
period of tire. It Kay bo .ss-ti -itn t.-e reservation of
. ifcraval % * t-o :? I1ce.-s.n5 is
e-^ed f~t test pj.'sciss
3' rt -artial - ' r -- .^l.c-z : zz a cirtarr period,
or j_c-£ct '-O t-4 :e;6r.i"-.:- t-.2t . *. =e ~ithdr3wn
cr rade 5-t;tct *.= res-.:."..:-; :-?f:re z iec.sior. o".
r.'::r.e .3
oranring of Lizer.'.&s arc rther ::ficial Jccistcns
_"- 5"i 3 . , .'r. -Z- z ~ i ^ j . Ji 1 rcsctifr - "
z-r .-stal i£ r~jsr-.:r^.ar ..csrii 1; law,
-------
- 16 -
perxits, concessions, authorizations and approvals, except
:or 'he approval cf plar.s, approval of operating plans under
miring law, other approvals, js v.?lJL as official decisions
3T trie r.asis of water a;id ruclear energy legislation.
Article A of trie Energy Law of 13 December 1935 IReichs-
9e$e::ciatt I, r 14511 as -.ost reconth amended by tie
Foreign Trade Act of 2a April 196) (Eundescesetz:?latt I,
p. ;5") sr.aLl rejrair ..Taffected.
Article 1-t
Sxclasion cf Clsms fcr Protccti'. ^ .':c;£-r«
.-jir Pn". ate Lai.
7-5 ;e££aci:". zi the iicr'.:::" r: an :rst2i latic- -. zr. a is-
zz proveitir3 adverse effects on property crigi-iri" fr"
rs:::.!>;jtin= property car-.ot De demanded on tr.e a=s;s cf
_nder private iau vj-ich are net supported zy specific
21 ritleSj crca fi licence ras been granted era ttrsse
i--j.--ar:=xle; cr.at zzse onlj -.eas^res ciciuciio s _c~
e:s; -ff-ctixa'. -e rej^eitei. I: s-Ch sea5-r = = are r_.ee
cj-. b* *-t s;3te cf - .vhnoiOH'- c- on ecor.ir;c :r">j~ds, ~r.lv
C.d.TJ—
Ar::c.? :
;i]n:f.:a*: 'i^dz f ics.t ten of Installations
¦S--l.:e*t to Licensing
Acy significant -tic 1 f ica: ion of the locacicr, r.gcjre. or
operation of an .nstallacio.) subject to Kcersi-.g suaii
jlsc ts sj'z^ect to licer.sir.3. ^ "cCision sr. tr.e apri icacicr.
fcr i 1. ;ar.Ci snail -e sace v.t.iin a perit-d of six rc-t.u.s-
rjrpetont a_,thorit; r-j:-, exc-er.d the tiC£ Lit:*, iy t^ree
"r.fs at a tice if s-cr. e'tcr.sisn is ".ecess:-2zed =. tre
cceiplicatec riat-_re» cf the evar .r.a? lcr..
-17-
(2) The competent authority niuy dispense w: th the 1 l"1jirejrcot
that the application and relevant docunents be laid out fcr
public inspeccicn or that public notice be ?i' en cf tr.e project
only if no additional or other emissio.is d. ctner dagger:,
disadvantages or nuisances to the genera; public and vicn.ty
are to be feared as a result of sjch ciodifjcation.
Artlcle "6
iioti ficatlon Reriv..reror 1
-Jet-j thsvanding t_ne provisions of Article ^ara-rao^ *. ..
operator shall be obliged to notify t-.e c. rre:er.t 2_fi'_r.t.
;:t£r a period of tvo years ir each cas: .'i-.-er a.-d _f s.
- lcr emergencies r.ave bee™ r • la fro- z'>i 3±r.z rc'.atir; 1
appl-cat 10.". for a iicetce ^r.clvidi-.^ i.ie p c?c_-v3-r =
7tis s->sll r;: apply to data whicl- ire -ue sji;ect ci = -
eTissio: report p-rs_a.it to Article Z~ .
Arncie i1
Subseti-enc 2ir?:-.:'s
'Iorder tc ensure ri;e fjlfil-t?.-t cf t-a ::.::::.rr£ .
ei-S.-^o oJt z-i this I-a'- ar.d Cj1. cf :ro.-.i"Ccs lis.eJ s.r: jj.--
ec f._ = Liw rt :o~ s ; - -< . . - ' - s . - ~ ^ .
cf Lre _^cetc6. li, :fter j i.ec :e .13 \j. - r.a_-.ei. . 1 .
cscatlisr.cd '-'.a: uie ce.-eri! c =: 2 ' .."1-:: .
^iec.atcly ; rcr = cier ircr .-«rr:.; ei:e_:= j* _ - ;r: -c "
or oir.er darg2;s. ccr.s.:{:i:!^
lj - c % >
:c: - . c
'.LiSir.;ei, tre ccspeier-; i.:r;riv s:2_- ;ive sjsea.-e:*.
diriciio.is.
_ -5ia:.atio-3 cf tre " s pt cp-^rit-=:- ' -z , or
-------
-¦; z,z partly subject to Article 21,
paragraph 1, 6ub-paraarapr.s 5 re S: ^rticie 21, paragrapns
; :3 (, sr.aLl be applied
j' li tne direction requires cr.e location, nature or operation
r: t.*-e installation to c= icantlj modified, and i.
-t dCres ro: finally lay d:-r~ —" »'-.ar na-"ier this -s to be
-;i6, tne :uodificatio-i snail sucject to licensing in
accordance »itn Ajfticle ';
,-il Paragraphs 1 to 3 shell aFP-1" -tutatis mutandis to
.-stagnations subject tc .-.-t.f icacion pursuit to Article t~i,
paragraph 2. ar, before :r.e e-- try into forcfe of this Law.
r:rsjj-.: ta Article ^ricrap- 4. c: t>e Industrial Code
Geverboordn^rig' .
.;r*-icl°
£.y" irv o: trig licer.ce
StJ The jicence snail e\pire \z
t"e estailiskisent oi :?ora::on of the tristaiiit:or. »s rot
cocna~.cec vitrm t.-.e t-_e iurit f-xec fey t_-e iutrcr:'", or
an ir.suiUtion nas nc.: c-s-cn operated for a period of
core than three years.
- IB -
- 19 -
(21 The licence shall also empire in aj far as the licence
requirement has been cancelled.
|j/ The licensing authority nay et:e-.i tie period _rr
accordance with paragraph 1 for icportant reasons i£ the
purpose of the Law is not thereby 3ectardized.
Axtic1e * 9
Facilitated Pr^cei.re
[1 • Or. the basis of an ordinance to Article 4,
paragraph 1, third se"terce, I::E_.cer ::: -~st£1iations
of a cectaLn type cr size -ai' be -ss_9d z_ a -acr 1;tated
procedure in so far as sjcp pro:ed_rt;, cd.-s :cerrnj the "itjrj
extent and duration cf t.*»= rsrc'.. effects oi th& env.'iro'Lr.ert
a.-d 5:r.er dangers, cons:Cerai;e c:saiv;-?a:es and consi-crib.
-ijisa-ices Cd,sed by sjch i-'stallatrt.-S, s coz-catiblc
protection for the general p'-C-ir i.": t->e " i c l' -1 ,
[2, Articles £ ar.d S, .'Jt^cle lO, piri-rapns 2, 3, 4, i,
S and 9, Article 51, Article 12, para^rap^ 1, and Articles
13 ar-d M shall net apply tc tre raci^.tatcd crocL -i„ro
11 c 1 c- 2Z
a.-; -rc~c.a 1
If tr.e operator cf a' i-stal.at.r- s.:.ect :r lice-s.n-
it«» r.ci -C-plv witl- a res-.r^c-.i;- :r e v~c j rac: i=
sirectiOT, the cenpetert 3ut-.cn t\ nz prcru.; zre cptratic
cf t.-e l-'stalLiciop. .pel.; cr tTe res;n;-.icr
or cirecticr. r as beer1 cc.tpliea
?l 7~e ccopeie-t a - t.' cr
." ^ = C2er, 2atai»l-sn^-p :p
- -:e rt^esiarj' I.
ara.i crder ine r=r«i.^.
ran' t te aoequately pro
. t_. -a_ rrc=r =- !-i;a. - sue- .z~
= :r ra- tl. -z-s.f^oc
re_-:c tc -¦£ 3-.t or re~-o -? - .
'.eciod tctrer ttar.s.
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- 2C -
(3) The competent a_thonty may prohibit the further operation
by the operator or a perso-. in charge of the operator cf ar.
installation subject; tc licensing if 1L is in pcssessior .
cf facts .-^.»ch indicate tr.at sjcli persons cannot oe relied
upon to csseive ceajlatior.s affordiig protection against
tne larr.i..". effects on t-.e r" .'j.ro-j3er,t and such prombit-cr.
is •ecessary i t~e ! -torei: of tl e .cieral p^ci.c 7-5
loeratj: -a> on applicst.r cri'.'.ci pei.-¦issit: zz -3 e -~e
l-sti.latun opera tec c. a i3rscr. .-o can ce tc
e-£^r« -~e proper cpe racic- c: zr.e ir.stai iatio-. S-c
,!tr.-:ssio." ~^} =6 s^iject re scr icticns .
- 11 -
5. in order to prevent or remove sericjb disadvantages
to the general pjblic.
(2) 5.io»ic the licensing becore cognnmt of fact."
jr.ic1, iusti:y tre carcelldt.oi of 0 licence such za ice i I 21 ic.'
ia, "1. -e effected -ltrin :wol"5 "orths after me Suic ; = _t-
ra\' ,cco~t ^-c«r.
!3l 7-c ca-cellsd I. ccr.ce s^all ce±ss to -a.c e*fi>-t cr
r=\ c~e rarcel .acicn tecc.'cs effect.\c crc - tcc t .? i_. s
2 ^ 1 ; 1; t-: r;s rfixe- = s its. ruen t ~ ¦- -
:t;n G-tcSteti C t -ri partj 11 ci.Tclled c.71.-9 prt.i-ir.
c u:' b or - _ r . r: u j.-cct-ec.n^s before * H e adt.r ibtrat. o
-- ... 3i : ir as .s rere-Iies t _,ojtct.cn t r
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- 22 -
Second Section
Installations not subiect to Licersirc
Article 22
Obligations of the Operators
of Installations not subiect to Licensing
ill Installations not subject to licensing siiall be
estaai isr.ed and operated in such a rianner thai
1. harr^nl effects on the environment which car. be avoided
by applying the latest state of technology are pre"ented,
2. narsful effects on the environment vhich cannot be avoided
by applying the latest state of technology are ret ricted
to a z~.ixiiir.iiin,.
2. -.astes resulting froa tl.e operation of tne installations
¦cac te properly disposed of.
Tor Installations rot serving commercial purposes and not
jse= within the framework of comaiercial undertakings,
:!-e cbligatic-. contained in the first sentence s*vall only
iri sc far as it ains at avoiding or restricting
effects on the environment caused i} air pciiutior.
cr -.oise-
(2) More extensive provisions of public law s^.all remain
tir.af fee tod.
Article 1J
5equirea?:. zr. alij dcv:evtd bj ii rea: ,;c f.:r •-'? -
~i ^atL s,:t -eis-re srdl na jr lerei
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- 24 -
Article 25
Prohibition
'1) If the operator of ar ir.stal lation does not comply with
a." executable direction g.' er dv an authority in accordance
«-tr. Article 2, first ser:orce, _nc conpetent authority nay
prs-ibic t*e opera;.o' of z'S ustailati-- .holly or partly
-r'.j.. :r.t directicr -as oeer. csrriec out
-< If "•armful effec.s -.~e vircr_T.e:. r ci.sec sy a", l-stal'
crdi-ger huciar life i-.i -ealt.n c.r lirpcrlant material
-sssts, the competent a:-snail prohibit the establisr-
"r-~.t or cpeca'iin or en i-s-* I l2»jor w'-ciij cr paczi\ ir. so
far as ger.trui p-jb-i; cr -.--e .-.cin-ty carr.oi a," q^ate-
crctccted c, ether ,-iars.
7".ird Section
Estaol lsr^Le.-.t i - E~.ij.cra ^ss io-.s
krz.z.e 26
Meas-rese-.ts ~r. Special Gro.i"ds
T •= i7~peter.t aut'ontj :i. orier t-ai i.-.e cperaur cf a-
j1 j. at :c-. suc;e:t to oi , in sc far as Ar :ic.e 21
>i.p..35, of ar. installaticr -.o: = object tc lice-fir.g, ia"t
tr.e lit.rs ard eiizerz zi tne eiiss:jr.s froo. t.re .-iscallatic-.
as as cf rhe usiissiois .»-nr tr.e area of tr.e ir.scaLia-
t ¦- r. established by c: zr.e agencies designated by r*ie
cc-pete-.i nicr.es. Lar.d a^i-.irity. if it is to oe feared zia.
-~e .nscallaticr. wil cs-i; iarr^>.l effects on the enviroir-i'-t
Tne rOT-petei: aj^ri'.y is d-t^cr^zed tc pr<=scr.fce t.ie details
reiirdirg the rat-re $czp~ zi -?is.r6-!ert£ aid recarc:.- =
c.-.e s-btrission cf rcsjirs.
- 2S -
Article 27
En-ssioi Peport
(1) 7t-e operator of ar installation j^iect to licoismg
located in an area with a heavy p^ii_i:or load (Article
or dssi.jnited ir. a.1 orhr,u;,cc liE-;: _-d<_r p^ragrapti 4,
Sut-paragr ap- 2, shall to ct>.:cej -- i':cr tie c-jnuc ter
ijt:criti .it .ir a perioc -c - r;. it. _---r.tic
ijt-orizy or as of the date ;rc.r.d .ce p^-rs.
¦:o paracrapi •) of cr.e -ati_r£, :—~-e z :.s*.r'.b-'.-C
;er-s ~r area arc t line of a.r •>" nas tri'.a'.
frir tie installation oxer a ;u:: :.c r-r.cd, as «^li as
;-e io:.ditio~s :: e-ii>--C- ,e~i3z'.:- , -e 5 .... _
1 ~ ci CLT~ I'jblCP I"«_ rt. up tc ^ a w r "" - - - — ' - — -
Srapr 5, sra_. aopi^
2 • 7 rid and dv: ^"e ; i. ~ z~ ± - _s- ' ir
^rrcccj.ncs C"i :re crc-^c; o: a * - ~r -. r -r~«_
fcr l^pos.cior of f c *:**= t:.": :: .i .c^u-.ic
re; j Ic'.ions. Tre pro y i = ^or s A r : . : . . - ' "£ # *:c,
;rapn 1 , ana Article • c ? zi z -
?«;.c3 S c - C "* S 3 j jfc'v. f J " - " - - -
:es=?c:.
2 Ici^l^£ ;D-:a.rco ..
-f jc-c i s iCrs ^ _ i
:":-s:r.a* cr c jsness se:'.rc: =
5*3 u :: us';: * *. -j:
t ~ :; ojrllsned.
.:cr: r-a*
• a . > - ^
-1. tie Federal Co. ervo-1 is 'c ::ei:r .jo
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- 26 -
1. the co'.tents, extent, form and date of the emission report,
as well as the procedure to be observed in the establishment
of emissions,
2. t(iat operators of installations subject to licensing not
located in an area with a heavy pollution load, are obliged
to submit an emission report, provided that this is
necessary on account of the nature or size of the installation
especially in consideration of emissions from the
instal 1-ation .
Article 28
Initial and Recurrent Measurements in the Case of
Installations subject to Licensing
The competent authority may, in the case of installations
SJbject to licensing,
1. after they have beet put into operation or after a
significant modification within the oeaning of Article IS,
and thereafter,
2. after the expiry of five years in any one case,
give dlrectiors pursuant to Article 26, even ir. the absence
cf the prerequisites referred to ir. that Article.
Article 29
Continuous Measurements
(1) The conpetent authority may order In the case of installation
subject to licensing that, in lieu cf Individual ceasuzeaserts
pursuant tc Article 26 or Article 28, or in addition to such
Beasurenccts, specific enis9ions cr iimisaiono be continuously
established by cea,-:s of recording iaasurir.5 equipment.
- 21 -
-27-
(2) The competent authority uay order in the case of
installations not subject to licencing, in so far ac
Article 22 is to be applied, that, in lieu of individual
measurement.'; pursuant to Article 26, or in addition to such
meacureniunts, specific emissions or inunisslons be contjnuouil •/
established by means of recording measuring eguipraent, if
this is necessary to determine whither the installation
causes harmful effects on the envIronnent.
Article 3D
Cost of Heasureiientq
The cost of establishing emissiono and lnum t> s 1 ons s'-jjI be
borne by the operator of the installation. The cost of
establishing such facts pursuant to Article 26 or Article 2c,
paragraph 2, shall only be borne by the operator of t-e
installation if it is found that
1. restrictions or directions pursuant to this La* or
the crdir.ancc-s based 01-. this Lan have not beer rc-.plics
with, or
2. directions cr restrictions pjrsuant to this La'J cr
pjrsuant to the crdinc'.ies b££sJ or- Uis I 2./ dro i^pcrst-ie
Article III
Information reo^rcir.g Emissions c.:.J I-iL-iiBsions est:Mis-cc
The operator of ti.t; installation iihall, on request, iisclis;
to the competent authority the results of the ceas.iia^-entc •vide
m coir-.pl isnce rfith a direction pursjant to Article 26,
f.rticle 28 cr Arti-le 29, c.-i keep t:.e records of ti1--
neasuring equLFOenr p-rsj-nt to Article 29 for fne years.
Tne ccnpetent a'jtcvsrity nay prescr«ae the '^ir.c-z .r. -V ;cr
the ri~.ults of the a re to be transmi t
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- 28 -
THIRD PART
NATURE OF INSTALLATIONS,SUBSTANCES, FRODUCTS
AND FUELS (BKtNMSTOrFE, TREIBSTOFFE)
Article 32
Mature of Installations
:1J The Federal Governr.e.-.t is authorized, after >eari:;g
tie oarties concerned (Article 51), to prescribe oy
ordinance, with the approval of the Bundesrat, '.nac nass-
uroQuci-d paxes of industrial preirises and other stationary
facilities, as well as the installations cescriDed in
icle 3, paragraph 5. s^fc-paragraph 2, cay o-I} be
r^riieted or imported cirmercial1> or vitf-.ir. cr.e franewcrk
jf cor^ercial . u-.dertaJtir.ns if chey aeet specific req :reaents
- - er.sare prcteclioi' i ro~ narrf-jl effects Cn tne er.vi rorj-^r t
caused by air pollution, noise or vibration. Ir. tr.e ordnances
pursuant to the first ser.ter.ee. it aay. i~. partic-iar, cse
prescribed that
erissiens from installations or from =ass-=rodt-ce.tar.ci5
i; the first, second and t*-.ird sentences.
(2) W.ere evicsion lirits are laid dovr. i? an ordinance
pursuant to paragraph 1, secord ro-.teiice, suc-paragraph 1,
It say, ftrtKercore, be prescrioed '-•lat Installations or
- 29
- 29 -
mass-produced parts thereof may only be r arketed cr irpoju a
cotmercially or within the framework of conw.ercial
_-.Eortaki.ngs, If they are narked Kxth details regarding
emssior levels.
Article 33
Type Certification
.1- Tr.e Federal Government is autncrizud, aiLer neanng
".re parties concerned (Article 5' . i - a ~ z, »i th
zr.e appioval of the 3undesrat,
i~ prescribe in order tc prctt.; iior. ire
haraful effects on the eni.r:T=-,t ci . ai r
pol luticn, rcise cr '-iLroi-CT, c-at «iss-proc.:c!i
parts of .na-.^tnai precises a-c :r jr;
facil-tics, as well is t.'-e i • s zz 1: a-_ descni-oa
i~¦ Art.clfi 3, paTa-jrec1' Zi 5-ic~iiricr2[-.r 2, or.I*
be rj r k e c ed or lupcrts^ co-.-jrc Z-. cr ,;cfir ire
franevcr* of co^eicia1. i; tre type of
i.-£:ai.3t.ci or cf t^ ress-ri x.reJ ; = : -_s
ceriifjcateJ ar.d if * r1 ^ i i.s tai 1c. z :ot. or
part c:rr-: speds to t-;rt : ::c=::c
-= deter^i-.^ type cor::ficati;r r r '.c = d_re-
cere:r;r.e the :i.cs Jr . j - o . crai^jc rcr
i;'pe ce:tificat:or,: tne fees i-.ail orl; .-ever -r~
^erscr.r.el z-.c. r-azenals i.\:£rciturc .rvc". .-c-d .¦
inspections, ir.cluc; ir.g L' part.. c-12r exjj-o i t-ire
xcr experts, -est facilities ana -^turials. as v.ei3
as for r-.e dc .eloj-"e.-,t cf buitaa'.a lest proceJ- res anc
for the txchorge of experience; it t-e detor^in^c
,rat fees raj also t.? cl pr^jc f ,r *- pcirticr< -over
i aicei cr c=-pittod or i:c trt .'-ity
wi.. -arranged for Lhu-< is i e=>pcaiiljlt_, feu rjt. a cr.alj
i>e t^=;ed ori ine avrrege nimi>er of rr^rs k.'.ic.1! aj
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- 30 -
expert requires for the vatiogs tests of the type of
installation in question; the ordinance may provide
for exemption from costs, for creditcrsnip arc
debtorship, the extent of the e^qcenses to be reinbursed
and the charging of costs, notwithstanding the
provisions of the Law on Administrative Costs
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- 32 -
Article 35
Nature of Suhscances and Products
il) Tne Federal Goverrjiept authorized, after hearing trie
parties concerr.e- (Article 5!) , to prescribe by ordinance,
»ith the approval of the Bjndesrat, that certain sj^star.ces
-* z products n -*i 5-bstariCco w. ; CI I, o- bsi-.j ^seo in
i::cr.iance vj-.r ir.tsrceJ p-rixse or o-i beir.9 b-irnt
for the p_rpo=e or 6ii-:.-a:.t;r cr of reoa er^' or
.raiviiual ocr.sclt^i.-.ts , ir<= liable to ^ajs^ ..arrf-l ^ r f e c ¦_
c- the ci'ironsi.i; fc\ air pc-Ii^uon -.ay onI_ l.1 produced,
or ; cons-.trcu ii-, or • it'-iri toe f raoe.or <
-f oc-zlc:nal u.-:jr:3n:-ci cr xr »r_ :t'e: way »: or.ey
-=a::siy specific re_;jire; ::*.5 -i-r. regard oo c.T.r;£K
-~z i processes for tr-o-:r prof,ot.or sc as tc e-.s-re
-rejection zroz. r.sjrr^ul kiia-.s o_-. one '.r:nzer.; i;\ a_r
roil'-trc:. Toe du;';r::3:.: --.der oLe f_rst ser.tfice sra.l
-or. exte.-.a tc 1r.i-.0l.3-11.-i, f.v.s £.?.£ ef.-c.-cs.
2! S'^rsis" to caragrap.- first sf.ten:?. r-
5llc».'C - or :oo-v: .0 = 1 2evelo;:~e-ts, 3.3: be orsscr.bei
for i -a.o z-t'-'-Z f i en:. ¦ i.-tc force of ohe ;ri i-a-cs.
^rtirlc - 2~r r, appit.:3-,'..s rfior.
r-*;-ri o: tr.o reajirenents jnder paracrspr. . ire. paraaras: ;
.".rst str-'.^rc-., on on-s Article.
ji in so far as is co^patl^le »iti". the 2:0: of
orotecci-? tie oererai rubiic free raro-ful effects ar. tre
env ir j-jr-er.t b. a.r pel 11.1 icr., "rr criir.a-'Cf prc.r:ae
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- 34 -
in such'a m.nner that avoidable- emissions axe prevented and
unavoidable emissions limited to a minimum. The Federal
Minister of Transport and the Federal Minister of the Interior
shall, after hearing the parties concerned (Article 51 >,
determine by means of an ordinance and also on the basis of the
authorizations referred to in Article 70, paragraphs 1 to 5,
the requirements with regard to the nature, equipment,
operation and testing of the vehicles referred to in the
tirst sentence of tnie Article which are necessary to ensure
protection from the harmful effects on tie environment, in
¦>; far as such requirements fall within the transport
rejulations of the Federal Gc.errjnent. They shall regulate
tie nature," eqmpetent, operation and testing of vehicles,
so far as this is necessary to ensure protection froc
" i_r^f ^ 1 effects on the environment, by means of an c/di: jice,
2iter hearing the parties concerned (Article 51);
mission limits itay, allowing for technical developments,
also be fixed with effect fro=i a date after t'ne entry into
fjrrs of the ordinance.
Article 39
r^ircliance with Intergovernmental Agreements and Decisions
of the European Cocswnities
I-. order to ensure the fulfilment of obligatioas under
_-.itr=atiOMl agreements or compliance with binding decisions
of the European Cormunities, the Federal -Minister of Transport
^nd tne Federal Minister of the Interior may, for the purpose
ner.tioned in Article 1, by means of an ordinance, with the
approval of the Bundesrat, determine tKat the vehicles
referred to in Article 38 oust satisfy specific requirements
with regard to their nature, equipment, testing and
operation.
- 35 -
- J5 -
Article 9 affected shall be entitled to ciaic adequate
- 36 -
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- 36 -
compensation In rotfney from the person or persons responsible
for the building measures unless the impairment can be
considered reasonable in view cf the particular purpose
for wnich such building is used. This shall also apply in
-lie case of buildings approved by Lhe building supervisory
authority when the plans are laid open for Inspection during
tne plan approval procedure or wnen the building master plans,
."dicaling LOuLes, are la*a ouor. for inspection.
<¦2! For sound-prooflrg iceasjres carried out ir the buildings
:--Epensation shall be paid tc the a-cjut cf the r.ecessary
costs defrayed. In so far as such costs are within the sccpe
cf the ordinance pursuant to Article 13, paragraph 1, first
sir.teaci;, sub-paragraph 5. jlaticr.s pro/idir.g n-' e
extersive compensation srail rtxair -Tected.
)i If the person or persor.s responsible for the building
=^asuras and the persor. or persons affected fail to reac^i
i^r^irea: on the aicoj.-.; cf cc-pensatj.cn, the conpeter.t Land
authority shal upon application o: ;oe cf the parties concerned
iitortrine the amount of coipe'.satsor^ in a written r.ot.ce-
In ail other respects, tie. procedjre shall be gover-.ed by
t.-.e expropriation la-.s cf tie L5rcer.
'¦¦rtirle <3
Federal Oo-'er-ront Ordinance
* 7he Federal Government is aotr.cr^red, after rearinc the
- irt-ics concerned t/.rticle i" , ~y r:ars of an ordnance,
-ltn the approval of tre ^ur.iesrat, to is:Je the roejlations nero?siry
far tr.e lr.plenencat .on cf Article <1 and Article 42, paraqrapVs
3nd 2, ir paiticular with recarc tc
specific noise lmits to protect the vicinity fro™
harmful effects on t.-.e e^Mroriunt by noise, a tic or the
procedures for establishing esiEBions and itcaissions.
-37-
2. specific technical requirements regarding the construction
of roads, railways and tram.ays ir. order to prevent
rianr.ful effects on tne esvironir: 07 noise, and
3. t.'-.e nature and extent of the sound-proofing measures
„n cuildings necessary to ensure protection of the
environment fron harmful effects cy :c:se.
T-.e c rd ...nances issued pursuant to tne first seiteice shall
za.f~ allowance for the special r.a-.-re ra.l traffic.
il Article 7, paragraph 2, shall apply .-Jtatifa n'uta-.dis ir
respect cf t:.e rec J i reir.tr. ts ur par^-rat- .
rimf part
o^itorinc or air zzis:
AKD CLEAN AIR PLANS
Ar t iC.i ** t
Findings in fi.rc.iij -ith :'cavv Pcll^tic- Ls.id
• * !¦- order c._ determine '_4je eitert a-.d de/eiopner.c of a.:
1- Federal territcr_ an: -z a rafts frr
ra-e^-3? a*- prerautioiarx rcas.ros, t-; 2_.tr.:.rtties t
ur.ier L3nc laws shall, ir areas wit", d '55»y pDii-itic-
is Jefir.ea ir. p^racrapi I, cor.tir joos.. estsrlts." tr.e -j'.jr
ari e>.te'it of certa.n types ol aar tnc at-;sp- i.:c
• h'.cr. -.ay cause harmful etEects on t".e _r\iro -i-t, a-.-
£:\i-~:r.c trc ccrd^~ :or,j that, are co'.d -c.. o tc tr.e n " 1 ic, ¦ .• :
2r.£ s-.roaa of ejc.k air iclljtion.
•2 a heav poll-ttcr lead sw.all ce areas . -.rr
air ; :;luticn occurs or is tc £.e expected. w:t:- tc
1. _- - fre^uerc- aid djratior,
I. its high concertratizr , cr
3. t;u' darker nnerert i.~. ctrbinjl.o: . of ;11 f f»: 1.: ; -t*r.
3- jir po i 1 v. 110.1,
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- 38 -
may cause particularly harmful effects on the environment.
Areas with a heavy pollution load shall be determined by
ordinances issued by the Land governments.
Article 45
Measurement and Evaluation Procedures
In so far as is necessary for the purpose of ensuring unlforn
jjdgoent of the extent and development of air pollution in
Federal territory, the Federal Minister of the Interior shall
issue, for the implementation of establishment procedures
pursuant to Article 44, paragraph 1, with the approval of the
Bundesrat, general administrative regulations concerning
1. the objects of measurement,
2. measurement procedures and equipment,
3. the principles to be observed in determining the nurber
and location of ceasurezect points, and
4. the evaluation of ceasurenent results.
Article 46
Emission Registers
>1/ The authorities ccnpetent under Land lavs shall keep
exission registers for areas with a heavy pollution load
(Article 44) containing details as to the nature, voluoe
and distribution ?n terms of area and tune and of the enissior.
conditions of air polljtar.ts from specific installations and
vehicles, in particular in so far as such pollutants are
1. specified as objects of ceasurenenc pursuant to
Article 45, sub-paragraph 1, or
2. are the subject of ecisslon reports (Article 27).
Id obtaining data for the eaission registers, tie results of
the Measurements pursuant to Articles 26, 20, 29 and 52 shall
- 39 -
- 3« -
be taken into consideration. The Land governments are authorize
by aeans of an ordinance to determine suitable agencies for
obtaining the data required fcr ar. enission register,
especially with regard to the output cf individual furnaces,
the fuel used, and the height of chimneys, and to forward
trer to the competent authorities; the question of remuneration
srall also be regulated. The competent authorities shall, at
regular intervals, check the data submitted pursuant tc the
rirst sentence and amend the emission, registers. The Federal
Vinister of the Interior shall, wicn the approval of the
E-iT.desrat, issue general adu.iistrative regulations regarding
tr.e principles to be observed ir. ira-»ing up emission registers.
l2» The Lander may also issue regulations for the drawing up
cf eirussion registers iayir.g dowr. other prerequisites than
-hose referred to in the first sentence of paragraph 1.
Article 47
Clean A.r ?Io-~s
The findings pursuant to Article 44, paragraph 1, and the
enssior. registers shall be evaluated, taking into consideration
;ne -eteorological conditicr.s. If zs-.e evaluation showi that
arr5u 1 effects or. the er.iircrrfrt cccur, or car. be expected
to occur, by air pollution within the vhole or parts of areas
wi=h a heavy pollution load, the authority competent under
Land laws shall draw jp a Clear. Atr Plan for that area. The
Clear. Air Plan shall contain tne following details:
1. -ature and extent of established and expected air
pollution and cf the har=5_l effects cn the tnvirvrxont,
2. findirgs as to the causes .rf the air pollution, ar.d
i. _easjres to reduce or prtver-t trie air pel lut ic-..
-
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SIXTH PARI
JOINT PROVISIONS
Article 46
Administrative Provisions
For tne implementation of tr.is Law and of the ordinances of
tne Federal Government issued on the basis of this Law,
tne Federal Government siall, after hearing the parties
concerned (Article 51), issje, with the approval of the
r'_rdesrat, general admmistractve regulations, regarding In
car^icjlar
1. imission luaits vhicr., to achieve the purpose sta.ed
.r. Article 1, niay noc be exceecsd,
2. ecisslcn lisits which, in the light of the latest
e-.ate of technology, need .-.oc be exceeded,
J. t-e pr>^e3-re for the establishoent of emissions and
- "if sior.s.
Aiticle 49
Proteeti-.'; of Spoc.fic Areas
" T-a war.i 9C"errJDer.ts ira a„-„-.crlzed to prescribe by
ordi~ir.ee ^hat, in areas to ae, ncre specifically defined
v.-.icr require special protection fioc harmful effects or.
6?i'ir:rjient as a result of air pollution or noise,
certain
t, —varle installations rsay r.ot be operated,
I. stationary installations nay r.ot te established,
j. rjvaile cr stationary ."5iallations say tnly oe operated
a: specific tines or cust satisfy store exacting technical
req^iresents. cr
4. tne use of fuels In installations say be restricted or
totally prohibited.
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In so far as the installations or fuels are liable to cause
harmful effects on the environment by air pollution or noise
which are incompatible with the scec.al protection requirement.'
of those areas, and in so far as the air pollution 2nd noise
cannot oe prevented by the imposition of restrictions.
(2) The Land governments are authorized to determine by
ordinance areas In which, when air c.r-_lation is poor, a
considerable increase lr. the harmful effects or. the enviroineat
by air pollution is to be feared. It ;c. te prebcnbec i tne
ordinance that in those areas
movable or stationary irs ta 1 lat :o-i sr.ly be operated
at specific times, or
2. the use of fuels particularly 1laz!e to cause air
pollution is prohibited or restricted.
as soon as poor air circulation :cscitic-5 are notified
by tre cocpetert authoriLy.
3 Authorizations under Land laws for Itca. 3.t.h.c:ities zr?
associatLor.s of local a-ithcrities to issoe b;-la»s to
rrcctct the population frcr nai=:.L er:ect= c~ tre =rvir;rte7it
ca-sec dv air polljtion or noise s-all re~.3i- ur af: ect-sd.
Article SO
Pla-ini nc
Vfichir. tr.e framework of regional a-vc pertir.ent
measures, laid intended for a particular pjrpcse snail te
zened in sue!" a way that ary harmful effects cr. exclusively
or predominantly residential areas cr s-. ot-hc-r areas recjir.r:
protection will te avoided as ;ar as possitie
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Article 51
Hearing of Parties Concerned
(1) In so far as authorizations to issue ordinances and general
administrative regulations prescribe the hearing of the parties
concerned, a group, to be chcsen in each case, of
representatives of scientific organizations, of the parties
affected, of the industry concerned, of the transport system
concerned, a_-:d of the highest Land authority responsible for
iraission control, shall be heard.
Article 52
Supervis ion
(1; Tr.e competent authorities shall supervise the UEplementation
cf tr.is Law and of the ordinances based on this Law.
< 21 The ovcers and operators of installations as well as the
o.^ers and holders of sites on which installations are operated
s-.aii be obliged to allow members of the staff of the
competent authority and its authorized agents access to the
sites arvi, in order to prevent any acure danger to public
safe^v or order, also to living accocaaodatlon, to permit
z-.er to &a shall to
trat extent be restricted. Operators of installations for
which ar. lSEission control officer has beer appointed
at the request of the cocpetent authority, call on the ser. ices
cf such an officer for the purpose cf supervisory aeasures
-n accordance with the first sentence, nithm the fraisevork
of treir obligations pursuant to the first sentence, the
Timers ana operators of installations shall provide the
labour as well as auxiliary materials, : •: partic-.lar =sotor fuels
artd prise severs.
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(3) Paragraph 2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to owners ami
holders of installations, substances, products and fuels* lft
far as these are subject to the provisions of the ordinance
issued pursuant to Articles 32 to 35, or 37. Owners and holdert
shall permit sampling by members of the staff of the competent
ajchority and its authorized agents to take samples for spot
checus as required for their work.
'4) The cost of tests in connexion with the licensing procedure
sp.all be borne by the applicant. Ccsts arising froc. the taking
of saaples pursuant to paragraph 3 and their analysis shall be
borne by the party obliged to furnish information Tr.e costs
arising from tests pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 shall only Be
imposed upon the parties obliged to furnish information if the
investigations show that
1. restrictions or directions pursuant to the previsions
of this Law or of the ordinances based cn this La- rave
.101 been complied with, or
2. directions or restrictions pursuant to the provisions
of this Law or of the ordinances oased cn this Ljv
are imperative.
• 5; The part\ obliged to furr.isr. ir,fcr=a:i:- ref-se tc
a-swer questions -which -would expose tnat party or ass to
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rhe sites and permit them to make tests there and, with a view
to preventing acute dangers to public safety or order, to
accommodation. The basic right of privacy of the home
Article '3 of the Basic Law) shall to that extent be
restricted. In exercising the powers granted under the first
5«r.ter.ce of this paragraph, due regard shall be paid to the
_eciri:rv3te interests of the owners ani "dicers; rir.^ dajrage
rs_sed snail oe conpensated by tKe Land, or, in cases
c; 'ered t, Axticle 59, paragraph 1, by the Federal Government.
- - ?dirage vas an inevitable cor.sa^jyence cf supervisory
assures, ar.d if the supervisory measures ha\e led to the
--= ~- directions by the conpeten*. a-t-Tcri-ri against the
insta 1 lat:ci, t~e larrer snail reurhurse
-£ li~jd or z*e Federal Covsrnrent fcr c.-.e compensation paid.
~-.e kr.o-flecge arc data obtained cj-s^-ic to paragraphs
I lod 6 nay not te used for taiatier proceed ir.-js, criminal
rcc=ed:r.=s c tr.e ground cf a tax cffe.nce, or for fining
r;:cidiics res^lti-:g from a wolat.cn of tax regulations. The
rf.sions of Articles 175, 179, Mi. paragraph 1, and of
'39 cf t>-: ?eich Cede ci Taxes ar_c Duties -.Beic'-sabgaie
ro-_n? co.icernir.g f.t ibiigat^or. to assist and report to tie
~--~i re-e^^e eff.rcs, i-ai .. :.o: a:-^r. i* t'-.s ct--.c\icr.
Article S3
n;ooinw.t of an -.irissicn Cc'r:I Officer
** rhe operators of installations subject tc lire-sir.g
5"all appoint one or more lmssior corcrol officers in
t far as rhi6 is necessary, in view c£ the r.af.rs or sue
f t-e installations, on acco-„-it of the
missions fro-i the installations,
-e jice 1 j-roble-ns of er.£s:o- ~c- trci , or
products rfnich, upon eyeing usee ir. acccrdarce .nth
their intended p-irpose, are likely to ca-se rar.-ful
effects on the environment oy air pcii-„t»". noise or
vibration.
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The Federal Minister of tha Interior, after hearing the
parties concerned (Articlo 51), shall determine by means
cf an ordinance, with the approval of the Bur.desrat, the
installations subject to licensing whose operators cust
appoint luunisjjlon control officers.
2 The competent authority nay instruct the operators of
stal latior.s subject to l_ce~isa.rg fcr *"ic tl"= appoir cn-r r
cf aj: liaa-issicr control c:':*:ce: has rot. bt prescribed
-eans of an ordinance, as .eli as 'jfri;;rs of
installations -ct subject to lice-sirg, .z dp"ir.t or
r^cre lncission control off.oers in so fir =* T - C 5 ;
b cf products coc-patible witr t-.e e'v.rcnne'i ,
nclutJ.ro re-extra;: icr a-.; re:.c.:r; crcjessi:
ro cc-operjte .n the development a-~i -troa-ci icn of
processes a-.d products compatible wit" -. ~e °.-Mr;vsr:,
especially suLei Ct ir.q advisor} reports cr processes
croi.:'.s a= to t-eir e.~ .rc-artal ,
t _ er.ssre the observation of the provisions 3f tr is La»
si~ 'i f.e nrdi'dr.ces issued cr the oas.s cf ,.r.s lav »s
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Article 58
Non-discrimr.atlon
The iraisfion control officer iray not be discriminated
i^ainst on account of the duties which, he has to perform.
Article 59
Coroetcnce wltj- regard to Installations
seivinq National Defence
The Federal Goveinnent is authorized to determine by
:^ar.s of an ordinance, with the approval cf the Bundesrat,
-j. the application cf this Law and of the ordinances
asfed or. L.-.is Lai. shall, in tne case of installations
istvirg national defence, be the responsibility cf Federal
;.tr.criLies.
Farasrap^ ' shall .ict apply in Lard Berlin.
Article 6Q
Eji^r-prisns for Installations serving aaticr.al Defence
rc_0ra 1 'l^nister cf Defer.ce nay crarrt exemptions
_-= r:cv::ii"5 rf > = Lav aj"d t r t^e crdnsrces basec
:r --is Law lr. respect ?f instc 1 lacinf vic-i-i the rean^rg
~i .^rticit i, pacacTopn :, 5j5-paracra?hs ' 1> wrich
serve purposes cf .natic-al defect, zn ir.d i'- icl/ intended for
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use ir. their sphere, deviate from the provisions of this
Law and of the ordinances based on this Law, iri so far as
cogent reasons in fulfilment of their special resporslbiUt
so require. The force? staiiored in t^e Federal ^ecublic
of Germany pursuant to international agreements may in
respect of installations within the r^a^mg of Article 3,
paragraph 5, sub-paragraph 2, wmch are i.-.ter.ded for use
i/i their sphere, deviate from the provisions of tl-is Law
ar^u of the ordinances based or this Law, ir sc far as
ccgent reasons in fulfilment cf trteir sp^c.al resoorsiti1.t
so require.
(3) Paragraph 1 and paragraph C, first 3t—.i-ce, s^all
not apply iri Land Berlin.
Article 61
Report of tne Federal Got'errj^"-r
The Federal Covernment shall ;J:.-it raports rc the '-=¦ <¦
S^r.dcstag, ip each case ore :-=ar after rre ;7er.:r: it =
first session, on the follcvir.c pcir.ts;
l.-.e state and development cf ^arnf-l effects z", t~e
e-vir:yent caused i\ = -r -esse --t~i-
Feieral terr.:or; -.re -i.-irei ^ c
ripart, £S »el 1 as o" -rc?p^=.-t ; - : :;ur» *.;¦«?;r=tc.- t c
2. reas.rei taker, ard ir.
this Law,
3. current ar.c e-.vjsagei research r.-;;tct£ viij- re-arc
to tne effects of »ir pel I\_t 10-. a-i -,c.se,
¦I. tr.e cevelop-J-snt of :ccvicai uricesses ar.d fscjii'.ioi
for rt-ajcir.c harirfjl effects or the en 'ir!-nrt',t Ci.sul
. _¦ a:r poKui.cn and ic iss,
- SO
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S. the ^unds spent on research and development pursuant
to sub-paragraphs ^3 and 4, In particular the funds made
available for these purposes by the Federal Government
and the Under.
Article 62
Violations of Regulations tOrdjiunqswidrlgkeiten)
(t) Any person Mbo, wilfully or negligently,
1. establishes u'lmtalUtioa without a licence pursuant
to hitlcli (, paragraph 1,
2. contravenes an ordinance Issued pursuant to Article 7
on the operation of installations subject to llct.ising,
la so far as the ordinance refers to this regulation
concerning fines with regard to a specific violation,
3. falls to «*ply duly, fully or in good time with an
executable restriction pursuant to Article 12,
paragraph 1,
4. significantly nodifies the location, nature 6t operation
of ac installation subject to licensing without an
authorization under Article T5, paragraph 1,
5. fails to coeply duly, fully or In good time with an
executable direction pursuant to Article 17, paragraph 1,
paragraph 2, second sentence, or paragraph A, Article 24,
first sentence. Article 26, Article 28 or Article 29,
6. operates an i&&UUatum contrary to an executable
prohibition pursuant t\ Article 25, or
7. contravenes an ordinance issued under Articles 23, 32,
33, paragraph 1, sub-paragraph 1, Articles 3<, 35, *7,
Article 38, fourth sentence, or Article 39, or an
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executable direction issued under such ordinance, in so
far as the ordinance refers to thin regulation concerning
fine9 with regard to a specific violation,
shall be deemed to have comitted a violation of regulations.
(2) Any person who, wilfully or negligently,
1- fails to make a correct, ful^ or timely report pursuant to
Article 16. first sentence,
2. contrary to Article 27, paragraph 1, falls to subtait an
emission report duly, fully or in good time,
3. contrary to Article 3', fails to notify the rinding or to
keep the records produced by the c-easunng equipment,
4. contrary to Article 52, paragraph 2, first sentence, also
in conjunction with paragraph 3, first sentence/ or
paragraph 6, first sentence, fails to grant access to
premises or to permit tests to be carried out,
5. contrary to Article 5-2, paragraph J, first., third or
fourth sentence, also in conjunction with paragraph 3,
first sentence, or paragraph J, second sentence,
Jal fails to provide fell ajid correct information m
good time or fails to subait records and documents
duly, fully or in good tlxe,
(b) fails to b^ing in the itnijisicn control officer for
supervisory ceasures upon demand,
|c) fails to provide labour our auxiliary taaterials,
Ut) fails to allow sasiples to be taten;
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6. fails to make a report pursuant to Article 67, paragraph 2,
firs* sentence, duly, fully or In good time,
7. contrary' to Article 67, paragraph 2, second sentence,
falls to submit records and documents, duly, fully or
if. good time,
shall likewise be deened to have committed a violation of
regulations.
Article 63
Criminal Offences
!1' Any person who
operates an installation -Ithout riie licence requ. red
-*ndcr Article 4, paragraph i, or contrary to an
executable prohibition based on Article 20, paragraph
1 or 3,
2. operates an installation, the location, nature or
operation of wmch has been significantly oidified
without the licence required under Article 15, aiso
ir. conjunction with Article '7, paragraph 3, cr
3. ccr.iravenes an ordinance issued under Article 49,
paragraph 1 or 2, concerning f.e protect ion cf certain
areas, or contravenes in executable direction issued
" pursuance of such ordir.ar.ee, in so far as the
ordinance refers to this provisicn ir. respect
of a specific offence,
s^.all be liable to .aotjsouw-.: for a tero not exceeding
t*c vears, or a fine.
(2) If the offender is guilty cf negligence the punisnment
shall be imprisonment for a tern r.ct exceeding one year, or
a fine.
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53 -
Allele 64
Criminal Offences
(I) Any person who commits any of the acts referred to in
Article 62, paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs 1 tc 6, cr Article 63,
paragraph 1, and who by doing so endangers hjnan life or health
or another person's property of substantial alue, shall be
liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding iive years, or
a fine.
< 2} In particularly grave cases, the per.aitj shall be
imprisonment for a term not less than six oc.-.ths and not
exceeding ten years. A case shall, as a r_ie, be deeaed
particularly grave, if, c> one of the acts re:erred to i~.
paragraph 1, the offender endangers tr.e 'ei." :: 2 larqe
nunber of persons or negligently causes t.-.e ;eath of or
serious oodiiy hana to another persor Sect., n ZZi cr t_-e
renal CodeJ.
{3/ Any person who, in the cases of para^rapr
1. -ejlicer.tiy causes tr.e saic danger ir
Z act r.ecl lger.tly ar.c re^Ilgert 1-. c:.;:s -_-.e said ia-.jer .
s-ali be liable tc iraprisc-jrent for 3 terc >-.3t exceeding
t-c .ears, or a fine.
Article 65
Violation of ObligstiDi ts Mai-.tair -ecrecy
Meanwhile mc: rporated in tr.e Fe-;. Codej
.Ar.v person wr.o, rfithcjt a«.L-.o:i'-'; , itI;es a secret c:
d.-c'J-e:, un particjlar ar. industrial or o-js:r.ess secret w .c:.
'.ore tc his f.no.ledoe in Ms capac^t; as ~-e.-~.ber c;r agent
o£ a.-. >jtr.ontj fulfilling responsibilities _:ider —a-,
shall i," liable to iciprisorjaent for a tjt-ia not exceeding
one year, or a fine.
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(2) If the oifender has conmitted the act for consideration
ar with the intention of enriching either himself or a third
;>erson oc of causing damage 10 a third person, the penalty
shall be imprisonment for a tern not exceeding two years.
Sirilarly, anyone availing himself without authority of
another person's secret, in particular, an .industrial or
business secret which has come to his knowledge order the
;ircinstances described in paragraph 1, shall also be liable
tc punishment.
<33 The offence shall not becc-zie the subject of criminal
prosecution except at the request of the injured party.
SEVENTH PACT
FITCAL PROVISIONS
Article 66
Continued Application of Regulations
Cecil tlve entry into force of the ordinance on
installations subject to licensing pursuant to Article 4,
paragraph 1, third sentence, the licensing requirement
sr.all oe covered by the provisions of the ordinance on
installations subject to licensing pursuant to Article 16
c: t-^.e Industrial Code (GewerbeordLnung) as contained in
•tr.e p-^ilic notice of 7 Julv «97l (Bundesgesetzblatt I,
p. eaaj.
The following regulations shall apply until the entry into
fcr-e of appropriate general administrative provisions issued
pursuant to thls Law:
Technical Instructions for Ensuring Clean Air, dated 8
September 1964 [Gene ins acres Nir.isterialblntt, 14 Sepientoer
1964, page 433), —-
- Technical Instructions for Protection aga.iC6t Noise, dated
16 July 1968 (Supplement tc Bunde&tnjeiger Ho. 137, 26
July 196B),
55 -
General Administrative Regulations for Protection against
Building Noise - Noise Inamssion - dated 19 August 1970
(Supplement to Bundesanzeiger Mo. 160, 1 September 1970),
do. - Emission Measuring Kethods - dated 22 December 1970
(Bundesanzeiger No. 242, 30 Decenber 1970) ,
- do. - Standard Emission Levels for Cement Mixing
Facilities and Mobile Ceoent Mixers - dated 6 Deceiiber 197 1
(Bundesanzeiger No. 231, 11 Decp^ner 1971), corrected
011 14 December 1971 (Sucdesanieiger So. 235, 17 Decenber
1971),
do. - Standard Emission Levels f-r wheel Bearings, dated
It August 1972 (Bundesaneiger No. 156, 22 August 1972),
do. - Standard Emission Levels for Compressors, dated
24 October 1972 (Bundesanzeiger No. 205, 28 October 1972),
do. - Standard Emission Levels for Cement Pomps, dated
28 March f973 (Bundesanjeicer So. 64, 37 March 7973},
- do. - Standard Eaissior. Levels for Bulldozers, dated
¦I Kay 1973 (Bundesanzeiger No. 67, to *,
f~e Third Ordinance issued by t*"e Saveriuoen; 3f Land
'ader-rfjrtter-ierc for *he i^pieiercitic; of trcs l*n-Lssic-
Ccntroi Law tOil-firei I r st 311 ations > of 19 J-^iy 197;
(Geietiblatt p. 279),
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the First Ordinance issued by the Bavarian Hinistry pf the
Interior for the implementation of Article 18 b of the
State Penal and Ordinance Law (Ordinance relating to
rfaste-burning Installations), dated 2 October 1967
(Gesetz- ^nd Verordncngsblatt, p. 458t ,
the Second Ordinar.ee issued by the Bavarian Ministry of
tre Interior for the i'vlscient.ati.on of Article 1 & b of the
"«sr:d Peral and C-d^nance La- (Ordinance for the Prevention
:i Air Pollutior hy F^rrarost, iatec :6 J_ly 1959 (GVBi.
?- 2295,
t.ta Tnird Ordinance iss_?d by the Bavarian Ministry of
t:.e I-.tenor fcr -.-o i3ple=.er.-ation of Article 16 b of tKe
LiTjd fe^al a-d Ordir.a-ce la« I Ore i r. inct fcr the Prevent ,.or
of Air Pollution o. cal Clsa.-Si.rg Ir.stallax.icnE),
iiL-e-i 21 August (GV91 p. 440S ,
-he First Ordinance isajed by the Serate of the Free
-irsearic City cf firemen for tre implexerticn of the Lav
cr. ?rjteczi?- aaair.s: Air FoUJtior, Scise and Vibration
'Prtvantior cf Air Pollution oy Furnaces), dated 19
^.-J-xsr ,912 ZSi r 159,.
zr.= Oril'idr.ee t\ -hi
Z.'.'s oi Ha_T_aurg tre Pre1.
F-rr-ises jsir.c liquid r_e: =
l-3i.
Serate cf t-e Frea Hanseatic
trt;;r zf t-xz rali'.-ion fcy
iated 13 J-ne '573 'GVB1. p.
thre Police Ordinance issued fcy t.-.e Hessian Minister for
Agriculture and the irv^ransent a-d the Hessian Knister
Economics and Tec.-c I :: = » cr the Ccr.trs- c: scj.ss^oriS
iron F-rraces us.n^ Oil = '-rners, dated •*» March 1973
T/Sl. p. 103j.
t>e Ordinaries issJed Cj the Lower Sajtor: Land Ministry
(sicI on the Control of tPiss:ons frca Turr.aces vaing Oil
Burners, dated U 7ebrvi3ry i97I iCVBi. p I21j.
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37 -
the Ordinance issued by the Lower Saxon Land Ministry
'sic) on the Control of Emissions from Chemical Cleansing
Installations, dated 6 February 1973 (GVBI. p. 32),
the Ordinance issued by the Lower Saxon Land Mi'.istry
(sic.) on the Establishment and Operation of Processing
Installations for Bituxinous Road Construction Substances
ard Machines for Tar-coated ^.pfings, ^ated 9 April 197 2
tGVBl. p. 113),
t^c First Ordinance lss'-ec by cne Ck. .orient of Lard
lorth-Rhine/Westphai la fcr tr.e i-fic.-t.-t-tion o: t-c
I.v.ssion Central Law 'Geierai C:r:rc. o.r Smc^c Li.=;ic = ' ,
dated 26 February I9f? 'G.p. :i =
-~e Secord Ordiraire iss.ei i;* t-a jjverrj-er t :: Lar-
:iBc.ii-S!,.:ne,V.'estpnaiia for i..e xr~ -a t-C" "f : - <=
Zrir: ssic- Control La. i;swc..;hnsn: ano Opa ri:.^ zi
waste Disposal irstal.3t::r.s , cats- ?t -;_r.a C-"Z ' ",-~»
?. 2 34 > .
;rt Third Ordinance issued ^o.'er.Vien:: zi I. a-id
*.crtl—R; ne'Viestpnal.a fcr t'-« L5.cl€-^3ii-3t.or. of ire
Ivission Co.--.rc.. L2- Cc-:r:i :z Z~.ss.z-z
-jSng Oil Burners;, catec 25 jctc:sr ' jtS ,GWn, ; ,
che FoerT-r. Ord.r.ance -£3.=i ~ t~£
th-Rhire/Kestp^ai ia fcr ji-. = -a.-t3;;cr -f
I'ir.ission Cc-.trcl Law iFr::ecc:or a5i:rst \'c-st fic-
3^iiding HachineSf, -ated 2c October 15 6: (G'."KV< , p ---
-re fifth Ord--.3-.T5 :ss_=i c_. t_e S3'=rrjne-- cf 1 a - d
;;c r t ^ ire rV» 9 s rpna i * a fcr tre . i " i mo- c; e'e
l.-.-iissicr ContrcJ L»- cf S-.i33i3.is (zcr. C ei^v.
-l»ars!-ig Ir j: . . _i:. : a , jj:e; - - -'-1. ' 5'' r -
1 ) .
£ : x - ^ J r e. _ rid r-.C'j
: -.h- V-. .& .
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Installations* for Bituminous Road Construction Substances,
including Machines for Tar-coated Chippings), dated 17
October 1967 (GVNW, p. 184},
the Seventh Ordinance issued by the Government of Land
North-Rhine/Westphalia for the implementation of the
Inraisslon Control Law (Control of Emissions from Drying
Fur.-.aces; , dated 1 October 1968 (GVNW, p. 320) ,
the Eighth Ordinance issued by the Government of Land
X::i tr.-Rhine/Westphalia Tor the implementation of the
remission Control Law (Control of Enu.ssj.ons from Furnaces
using Solid Fuels), dated 6 February 1970 (GVNW, p. 172),
fe Nintn Ordinance issued by the Government cf L»id
:;ort;.-Shine/Westphalia for the implementation of the
;-=us£lo.n Ccr.trol Law (Control of Emissions from Domestic
C.-1 Burners) r dated 23 September 1971 (GVNH, p. 250) ,
the Ordinance Issued by the Government of Land Rhineland-
Palatmete on the Control of Emissions frcsn Furnaces using
Liquid Fuels, dated 11 December 1972 (GVB1. p. 378),
relate tc objects which can covered by an ordinance
P'irsua:: to this Law, these regulations shall cease to
have effect upon the entry into force of appropriate
ordinances pursuant to this Law. The Federal Government
is authorized, by means of an ordinance, with the approval
of the Bundesrat, to abrogate ordinances referred to in
the first sentence In so far as they relate to objects
subject to the provisions of this Law.
Article 67
Transitional Provisions
(1) Licences granted prior to the entry into force of this
Law pnrsoant to Article 16 or Article 25, paragraph 1, of
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the Industrial Code, shall remain in force ag licences under
this Law.
(2) An installation subject to licensing which, at the time
of the entry into force of the ordinance pursuant to
Article 4, paragraph 1, third senter.se, had been established
or significantly modified, or the establishment of which or
significant rnodification had ww b?gun, 2U3tj within
a period of three months after the er.try into force of the
ordinance, be reported to the competent a-thonty. unless
the installation was subject to licensins pursuant to
Article 16, paragraph 1, or Article 25, paragraph 1, of the
Industrial Code, or has been reported ia accordance with
Article .16, paragraph 4, of the Industrial Code. Within a
period of two months after the report has been made, .iociunents
in accordance with Article ID, paragraph 1, concerning the
type, location, size and methods of op«iration of the
installation at the time of the entry icto force of the
ordinance pursuant to Article i, paragraph 7, third sentence,
shall be submitted to the competent authority.
(3) ?he obligation to report pursuant to paragraph 2 shall
not apply to movable installations, a licence for which .nay
be obtained in accordance with the facilitated procedure
lArticle 19).
(4) Procedures already initiated shall be ccnpleted in
accordance with this Law and wich the legal and adnir.istrative
regulations based on this Law.
Article 69
Amendment cf Trade .Regulations
(1) '.*he Industrial Code IGeverbeordr-_r3; shall be anandeti
as TolIows:
- 60 -
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- 6Q -
Ai tides 15 to 28, with the exception cf Article 24
to 2; d shall d-=- abro5 if i: is co bo feared that the proposed i-.<5ustnai
c r fcu:;r.:-£!: JCtl',n;' wi^l *-_2-e harmful <*ff_-.-ts
¦ r. rie or.vircrjnent vitmn the neaning of the
Ivissjoi Co-troi I_?v cr -i-y cthor
ccr6.d:._'tblc- njisace to the CcipuBity."-
r ^ _ c ; ^ J: , , parifracl1 2 '3; sr.ei 1 be aneMti -o reui h
as fellows-
-f - .c " _ - - /pc re J chat ire irdu=t,rial tr
. -i.'SJj ccL: .:w^ll cc "*s a dinner t"
Z«.ccs = l v ei-_- orri'c'-:.? tf-» pl2y;:.j jrae,
5-.""'T it • : . I ha.e f effetts on ths f: vironne.nt
_tr; t".~: :cir:r? ~i tie Ttceral I"srissir>r Cert r t i
~-i c a^1 :*.r»r j'r;nr^r:? — t_"
tl".€ .'3r.;r;l ruti.e. th" vicir.ttv cr a_ny lastltccior
c" ¦ i r.":' interest * -
-7 sha.. .-s ine-.ded as ^cll-zviz
= .ir?r>rapr. first serste-.ee, the words "of
tit tyfet desic.iatec in Articles 16 arc! i'"shall
bo r-?->.scei i-j tv - *~jrZ3 "af th-c3 *tu.e in the case of 2-'
. Jjrticle < 4n, paragraph : ;; a^d pa-^jr^p- swali
t>=. .-leleteJ.
8." Ajrticle "?5, para^rapr. -i , s*-ail be -
'> •-riicle 10, paragraph / ' , of z:.~ ore.,
elertricai n area? ¦«.-.= :£ :-:=:e _s
C" txplosion, dh;ea i5 "3cj 'i^ce^cs;-:
t oost rece-.tly f.e-'aed cne o*=c_rui
-riir-aEce ot ?? . = r.jer.. -c>re
h-e ar«;.-ced to reat s; :'c».;vs.
tr>e r-rc.isicns o:
cf : = «arcf to-:
= f CCcTi- l ~ —
,3 '.jiirie 'io cf i^.c zz zi c c 7--" ;<»v=c
r»_rts IS»6S ;Bur.ac£5efi5V2r^l£ti 1* p- ^;
t-,€ ".est ordinance a^tn-ir^ tr.t eraina:-c cr pr€Si-r^
dated j 1 August. tST2 (Bondesa«jset2bict ' j p ^ ~ . . s" i. -
sncrdec to read as follows:
T. The t.itle sr.al^ read as follows:
•failing d?v*c^s i" cor" ^itr ir ir.sta.*2i»c-
iwiiec*. ;c I: c^r.s.*^ jr-.rs'jar.t ~ o fc pre. - £i c; zz -
!'edera 1 la^issicn Cc^trii Ld«^k ,
2. 7r^v first ser.ter.ee shell read es folicrfs*
¦The licence required under Article ( of the ftisra:
Ir^:ss;cn Cortroi Law te cod^t- ?err..is.c-. vithir
ti." rea'.iTq cf Artici: 1" of C.' rf.3p;cc
-------
-Sl-
ot falling devices which on operational grounds are
constructed or operated Ln conjunction with an installation
subject to licensing pursuant to the provisions of the
Federal Immission Control Law of 15 March 1974 (Bundes-
¦jesetzblatt I, p. 721|
3. Zr. Sc. 2 of the second sentence, the words "Article 18
of the Industrial Coda" shall he replaced by the words
'Article 6 of the Federal Insiussion Control Law".
(4' The ordinance or. acetylene of 5 September 1969 (Bundes-
jesetitlatt I, p. 1593) shall be amended to read as follows:
1. In Article 1, paragraph 2 (2) b, the words "Article 16
of t>-5 Industrial Code* snail be replaced by the words
"the provisions of the Federal Itnnission Control Law
of "> March 1974 (Bur.desgesetzblatt I, p. 721)
;:".ce:ning installations subject to licensing";
2. Article lO shall be amended to read as follows:
,d> The title shall be worded as follows:
"Acetylene eqviipssent in conjunction with an
installation s-ib.^it tc licensing pursuant to the
L:oasions of the Federal In=issicn Control Law" ;
t
if T^e first sentence shall read as follows:
"The licence required under Article 4 or Article IS
of the Federal Imcission Control Law shall be deemed
permission within the meaning of Articles 7 and S
of this ordinance in respect of acetylene equipment
which on operational grounds is constructed
or operated in conjunction with an installation subject
ta licensing pursuant to the provisions of the
Federal Inasissjon Control La- of "5 ?4arch 19">4
(Bumdesgeeetibiatt I, p. ?21>.
- 63 -
- 63 -
(cj in No. 2 of the second sentence, the words 'Article 18
of the Industrial Code1" shall be replaced by the
words "Article 6 of the Federal Irani onion Control
Law" .
(5) The ordinance on combustible liquids as amended by the
notification of 5 June 1970 [Bundesgesetzblatt I, pp. 689,
1449) shall be amended to read as follows:
1. In Article 1, paragraph 2, the words "Article 16
of the Industrial Code' shall be replaced by the words
"the provisions of the Federal Immission Control Law
of 15 March 1974 (Bundesgcsetzblatt I, p. 721> ;
2. Article 12 shall be aoended as follows:
fa) In the title the words
"Article 16 of the Industrial Code" shall be replaced
by the words "Article 4 of the Federal Imassion
Control Law";
(b) The first sentence shall read as follows:
"The licence required -inder Article 4 of the Federal
Inaissian Control Law shall b« deened percussion
vit>.s.c the aieaniag oi this ordinance jr. respect
of installations which on operational grounds
are constructed or operated [Article 1, paragraph 2)
in conjunction with an installation subject to
licensing pursuant to the provisions of the
Federal Inoissioa Control Law.";
j. In Article 12, paragraph 2, the words "Article 18 of the
Industrial Code* shall fc-e replaced cy the words "Article
6 of t*ie Federal Terr i asisn Control Lav".
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- 64 -
Article 69
P--v;inlrent of the Atomic Fingrcy Act:, che Catering Act.
ti-i Chj.mr.ey Sweep: act, and the Waste Disposal Act
The Atonic Energy Act shall ^.c aner.ded as follows:
A-.icle ? shi'l be ar"c^.>J as f'jJlcvs*
a) Ir. pixagrapn 3, t>..ird ser.teics, the words "Articles '7
tc IS and 43 cf tr.e Trijsirial Code" sh'al™ be replaced
by che words "Articles 5, 10, paragraphs 1 to 4 ar.d
paragraphs c to 8. and Article "3 of the Federal
r.i-iissi^r. C^ntrc-1 cf '5 Vac- )974 IB'_ndes-
-esetzblatt I. p 12',
~ 2.4- pa.-4oreyh 5 c-.s - •rjs Vrt-ide 26 or z~e
Industrial Code" shall re replaced oy the wcrds
."Article 14 ~f tr.= ; seer:. ."~issicr. "crtrcl Lav'
tj:icl£ 8 sMU te amendecl is icllcvs:
;¦ r-e title s.*:all read as fellows?
"Relax :o.-ship with, the Federal Ia»issio;n Ccrtrcl
2nd -r.= Industrial Coat-";
t = , Paragraph 1 shall read as follcwsi
(J; The provisions of t-e Federal Lussior Ccntroi
Lav which relate tc .ns-. illations suiject to
licensinq as well as tne prohibition of the further
use of such instal laticr.s sr.all not apply to
installations requiring a liceice within the
neani.tc cf Article 7 m s~ far as c!-ey relate to
protection against tie darters cf r.acljar energy
or the haro-ful effects of Icr.isin? rays."
{ej The following paragraph " a sr.all be ltserteo:
- 65 -
- 65 -
"(1a) Should an installation subject co licensing
In accordance with Article 4 of the Federal Imrissic
Control Law he subject to a iicei.ce pursuant to
Article 7 cf this Act. s-ich licence shall Include
the licence pursuant tc Article 4 of the Fedoral
Irnmission Control Law. The atonuc energy licensing
authority shall make such decision in agreeraci «riU
xhe Land authority coi=pt.ter- fcr ur-ssic^ c;-,:rc:
pursuant to tne pre. isicrs ci ;ne Tecer^l ].v .as."
Control Law aid the ordL-'ircts -ss--ri c- f; c.s.i
of tnat Law."
In Article 13, paragrap" seco-z trs *c-"
""Article 7, paragrapr. i, of tms -,;i i>-
.•lth Article 26 of the Irccsrr:ai Code" sra^i c-e : -
cy *-.6 v-rcs "Article 7, paracrap- I, cf tr.= r.;t
cor.j ^rctic^n vitn Article 'i of federal Imss. .
Control -£+> '.
2. The Catering Act of 5 :"_a/ '970 (£-incesgsse:zblatt i
£5. 12S31 si-aii re anendei as fcllc.-s-
Articie paragraor. " : , s'all reac as fc._c.ws
2. the -r.distr.a. estar.is'ae";, ." 'iev c; .ta
cr t."e ria.ir.er in us pre.-— ses are jsei, .s.
contrary tc trie ?_fcl.c ituriJt '..<.s.d a£?tc:a.. • \
^arrrfui effects or the em irc-r-iaent w.mir the r£S"ir.;
of tne Federal I'foissio-i Central La^ cr tc ca..s = ::,-er
coisiderable disadvantages, ca-ig-jrs csr n-isa^css -
t*ie general public"
Article S, paragraph t fj.p srail read as fol.j-s-
"3. aganst harrJ-1 effects on tJ-e em ire vir t .
(
tne ceaTing of the Federal Iuissicn Control La. and
otherwise aga ir.se ccrsirlerable ci sad/artages , dnoerj
or nuisances to tr.e people ztr tufc ?:K-.ses cr
- 1 - . I . r
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- 66 -
(3). The Chimney Sweep Act of 15 September 196? (Bundesgesetz-
blatt I, pp. 1634, 2432) shall be amended as follows:
Article 13, paragraph.1 (10), shall read as follows:
*10. Inspection of chimneys, fireplaces and connecting
sections or similar devices as well as the establishing
and forwarding of data required for the preparation
of emission registers within the meaning of Article 46
of the Federal Lssoission Control Lay, in accordance with
public regulations in the field of protection against
immission."
(4) The Haste Disposal Act of 7 June 1972 (Bundesgesetzblatt
I, p. 873) shall be amended as follows:
1. , Article 7, paragraph 3, shall read as follows:
'(3) The authority responsible for the approval of
plans and for hearings in the case of waste disposal
installations which are installations within the meaning
of Article 4 of the Federal Imnission Control Law
shall be the authority whose licence pursuant to
Article 4 of the Federal Ismission Control Law Is
replaced by the approval of plans.
2. In Article 8, paragraph 1. third sentence, the second
ha1f-senteace shall be deleted; the semicolon shall
be replaced by a full stop.
3. In Article 11, paragraph 2, the words "Article 16*
shall be replaced by the words 'Article 4 of the
Federal Isaission Control Law*.
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- 67 -
Article 7Q
Amendment of Transport Reflations
(1) Article 6 of the Road Transport Act in the wording of
the notification of 19 December 1952 {Bundesgesetzblatt I,
p. 837), most recently amended by the Law Amending the Road
Transport Act of 20 July 1973 [Bundesgesetzblatt I,
p. 870), shall be amended as follows:
1. In paragraph 1, first sentence, the following sub-
paragraphs S a and 5 b shall be added after sub-
paragraph 5:
"5 a.the nature, equipment and testing of vehicles and
on their performance in order to ensure protection
against harmful effects on the environment within
the meaning of the Federal lEtaission Control Law
of substances emitted by vehicles; in this respect
imifimM eoission levels may be laid down for a
period after the entry into force of the ordinance
¦taking.allowance for technical developments;
5 b. the ban on eotoc vehicles in the areas determined
in accordance with Article 40 of the Federal
Izsoission Control^L-aw after the announcement of
poor air circulation in those areas;"-.
2.' In paragraph 1, first sentence, the following sub-
paragraph 7 shall be added after sub-paragraph 6;
"7. the measures provided for in sub-paragraphs
1 to 6, in so far as they are necessary in
fulfilment of obligatior-s arising froc inter-
go^vernnjentai agreements or binding decisions
of the turcpean Cocsainities. *
- 68
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- 68 -
3. Paragraph 1, second sentence, and paragraph 2 shall be
replaced by the following paragraphs 2 and 3:
*{2) Ordinances pursuant to paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs S a
and 5 b, as well as sul^-oaragraph 7, in so far as they
relate to measures pursuant to sub-paragraphs 5 a
and 5 b, and general acr-mistrative regulations
thereto, t.hali ce issued by the Federal Minister of
Transport and the Federal Minister of the Interior.
i3) In derogaticr of paragraphs 1 and 2, ordinances
for the implementation of regulations op. the nature,
equipment and testing c: notor vehicles ana parts
thereof as «reli as ordnances cn general exemptions
:ror regulations sased c~ :nis f.ct s^all be subject
to approval ay the ?_r iesrat, before such crinar.KS
ar.i regulations are .ssued, the competent highest
^ar.d authorities sr.a.i be heard."
fZ, T.-e following seccnj, third and fourth sentences shall
be added -.c Article 57, paragrapn 1, of the Passenger Transport
\ct of 21 y_ircr. 156" '.2.mdesgesetzblatt I, p 24" I. oost
recertl/ iranies t2 tre Arrerdi"'; the Law cr. Judicial
Registrars, the on Authentication -»nd Cc^vertitne
jatr. cf Jfanlf estat ion intc ar. Affidavit, dsted 1? Jcne '570
i ai^-idesoesetzblattt I, p. 311):
'Ordinances issued pursuant to the first sentence, sub-
parijrapr, J, nay also con-.ain provisions affording protection
ajuajt harmful effects on the environment withir. the
neaamg of the Pederal Iranission Control Law; in this respect
c.a>i_3_= eri3s:on le-.els nay be dettrrined for a period after
Lie entry irto force of the ordinance, making allowance for
ie:fc~.ical develcprent6 Provisions pursuant t: the secccd
sentence shall be issued by the Federal Minister cf Transport
and the Federal Minister of the Interior. The authorization
pursuant to the second sentence shall not applj m so far as
Article 43 of the Federal Imnission Cortrol La^ is applicable.
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(3) Article 3 of the General Railways Act of 29 March 19'1
(E^ndesgesetzblatt I, pp. 225, 438), most recently amended
by the La« Introducing the Law on Violations of Regulations
of 24 y^ay 1968 (Bundesgesetzblatt I, p. 503) , shall be
amended as follows:
1. Faragraph 1 shall read as follows:
"Jlj The Federal Minister of Transport is autnoriz~a
tc issue for railways serving pjbiic rail tracsporz,
-1 tr the approval of the Bundcsrat, ordinances o-
coEStruction, operation and transport, as well as
railway statistics, whicK.
(a; estacilsh "ir.iforr requirements wit:, regard tc.
co-jtructior., eaip-er: an:; redes of operation
of rail transport i•• terr j - f security , the
latest technological develrjpnents, and
a creer-ents,
I z' establish uniform regulations fcr tr.e tr a.isp'-'r c or
persons and goods in accordance with transport a-c
-csriercial rec-irecer.ts a-d ir cor for": f, -it'- "he
crc isiors c-f ccr.vrcui las,
z ccr.tair. the necessary previsions for t>.e prctec.i':
cf railway installations a-ic operations against
disruptions anc dosage,
>d) establish uniforr rego-latiors with regarc tc '.fp
r.afjre and scope cf railway statistics.
i°; are designed tc aftord protection acairist h-arrfu;
effects op the envircrcent »i t.h i n t'ie ics'iro c: v
Feceral Ir^ussic- Control Law; ir tms resptct r_a>
emission levels icay be determined for a period aft
t'-e eitr\ ..r.to fore? cf the ordinance, r«li.in5
allo.
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- 70 -
Ordinances pursuant to sub-paragraph (e) shall be issued
by thd Federal Minister of Transport and the Federal
Kinister of the Interior. The authorization pursuant to
the first sentence, sob-paragraph (e), shall not apply
in so Car as Article U c; the Federal rianLj.3sioa Control
Law Is applicable.*
2. Article 2 shall be deleted; the previous paragraph 3
shall becomes paragraph 2.
(») The Law or the Responsibilities of the Federation
regarding Snipping on Inland k'atervays of 15 February J956
JBundesgesetcblatt II, p. 317) , most recently amended by the
Second Aoending Law of 14 April 1971 (Bundesgesetzblatt I,
p. 345), shall be attended as follows:
1. Article 1, paragraph 1 (2), shall read as follows:
*2. the avoidance of risks to the safety and facility
of traffic as well as the prevention of dangers
caused by shipping {river.police) and haraful
effects on the environment Mithin the Beaning of
the Federal laoJenion Control Lav on Federal
vaceniays; the action which ruer police say taXe
in ilenient!ng regulations an the basis of ajs
agreement to be concluded with the Laender,*.
2. Article Z. paragraph 1, fourth sentence, shall be
deleted.
3. In Article 3 the following paragraph 1 (a) shall be
Inserted after paragraph 1:
Mia) Regulations pursuant to paragraph 1, first
•eatence, sjb—paragraphs 1 to 3. aay ciio be lseued
1. to prevent the risks of water pollution.
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- 71 -
Z. to prevent harmful effects on the environment
within the meaning of the Federal Inmlsslon Control
Law caused by shipping; in this respect raaxiniuxa
emission levels may be laid down for a period
after the entry into force of the ordinance.
Diking allowance for technical developments.
Ordinances pursuant to the first sentence, sub-paragraph 2,
shall be issued by the Federal Minister of Transport and
the Federal Minister of the Interior.
4. In Article 4 the words 'preventing danger?* shall be
replaced by the words "preventing dangers and tiarnful
effects on the environment .
(5) The Law on the Responsibilities of the Federation with
regard to Ocean-going Vessels of 24 Hay 1965 (Binicsgeseu-
blatt II, p. 833] , most recently amended by the Laic on the
Federal Border Guard of 16 August 1972 [Bundes^esetzblatt I,
p. 1834), shall be amended as follows:
1. Article 1 (2) shall read as follows;
"2. the avoidance of risks to the safety aad facility
of traffic as well as the prevention of dangers
(river police) and harnful effects oa the environment
within the oeaning of the Federal ItaUssLan Control
Law caused by ocean-going vessels on sea routes
and inland waterways specified in Article 9,
paragraph 1 (I), as well as Federal ports along such
routes and waterways; .
2. In Article J HJ the following phrase sfia^l be inserted
after the words *oce&n-going vessels":
"a«! to prevent harmful effects or the enclroitert withi/.
che oeanicg of the Federal Innission Control Law .
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In Article 3 the words "maintaining the safety and
facility of traffic" shall be replaced by the words
"avoiding dangers and harmful effects on the environment
In Article 9 the following paragraph 1 (a) shall be
inserted after paragraph 1:
;ia" Peculations pursuant to paragraph 1, first sentence,
sob-paragraphs 2, 4, £ and E, may also be issued with e
view to
1. preventing the dancers of wate- pollution,
2. preveitmj i.arcfcl effects on tne environment caused
cj shippl.-o ¦-ithir. the neaning of the Federal .mission
Ccntrol La»v; in this respect raxloon emission levels
riay be laid down for a perud after the entry into
force af tne ordinance, slicing allowance for technical
cevelcpcents
Oroinincis pursuant cc the first sentence, sub-paragraph 2,
st"a.l oe issued tv tr.a Tederal Minister of Transport and
the federal Minister cf the Interior.*
Article I? shall be attended as follows:
(a", Ir. paragraph 1. first sentence, the words "Article 9.
paragraphs 1 and 2', shall be replaced by the wcrds
"Article 9, paragraphs 1, 1 (a), and 2,".
(b! In paragraph 2, sixth sentence, sub-paragraph 1,
tt-.e words "for tf>e safety and facility of traffic"
s'ra'i i>e replaced oy the words "an£ of haraful effects
or. the eavlromtent*, and the words "and paragraph
1 ;i»" shall bo msertc-d after the words "Article 5>,
paragraph 1 12j".
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(6) Article 11, first sentence, of the Air Transport Act as
contained io the notification of 4 November 1968 (Bundes-
gesetzblatt I, p. 1113), most recently amended by the La.; to
Prevent Aircraft Noise, of 30 Marcn 1971 (Bundesgesetztlatt
p. 262), shall read as follows:
"The provision cf Articls 14 cf t.'e Federal Iraass-ior
La» snail acply nutatis irutandis tc airports.
(7) Ordinances pursuant to the auchori7atiins ccntair.ed »r
paragraphs 4 ana 5 snail not be subject to approval by tr.e
Bur.desrat.
Article ?'
Transfer of Rfefec=r.cts
Where references to Articles '6 to 23 ar.i 25 -c to cf i i
Industrial Code are contained in laws -=>r.d "cdirii crd:"ir~£S
rot aaendec by Articles 6c to 7G of *his , such re:ir;~cc
shali ;iso apply to t"e ccrrespoidi-g prcisicrs c: -~-~
Article 72
Abrogation of Previsions
7re following regulations snail be afcr>jat.ed:
1. the Law of Measures to Ensure Clea- Air, cated
"n May 1S6S (Bundesgesetzblatt I, p. 413., as
amer.ded b> tne Law Introducing the Law on Violaticrs
-i io-= , iatec 24 Hay '965 er 196} IBundesgesetzblatt I, p. ",21Ci, as
amended by the Law Introducing the La* on Violatio-is
of Rej-Jlations, daced 24 May 1568 !Bur.desgeset zblatt I,
o. =0 »I .
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- 74 -
Article 73
Berlin Clause
This Law shall, also be applicable in Land Berlin in accordance
with the provisions of Article 13, paragraph 1, of the Third
Transitional Lav of 4 January 1952 [Bundesgesetzblatt I,
p. '.). Ordinances issued on the basis of the Industrial Code,
the Air Transport Act or this law shall apply in Land Berlin
in accordance with Article 14 of the Third Transitional
Law.
Article 74
Entry into Force
The provisions of this Law authorizing the issue of
ordinances an<3 general admnistrative regulations, as veil
as Article 5>. shall enter into force oo the day after the
promulgation of this Law. The reitainder of the Law shall
ester into force on the first day of the cscnth following
its promulgation.
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APPENDIX II
-------
Lmmi3sion Protection Policy of thie Federal Government.
1i Initial Situation
Immission protection hau a long tradition in the Federal
Republic of Germany. First, however, it was considered
predominently under the aspect of the industrial legislation
as part of the public order. Only when by the end of the
sixties the Federal Government made the maintenance of the
national bases of hujnan life to one of Its main tasks
immission protection policy was understood as part of the
environmental policy. The relevant objectives are described
in the 1971 Environmental Programme of the Federal Government
(BT - Drucks. IV/2710). Here, environment policy is defined
as the "entirety of those measures necessary to ensure for man
an environment such as he/she nedds it for his/her health
and a life in humarijdignity" as well as "to protect soil, air
and water, plants and animals from harmful effects due to
human actions".
2. Principles
The Federal Government hay based its environment policy on
three principles :
Principle of Prevention
Environment policy does neither exhaust itself in the
prevention of imminent dangers nor in the removal of
damages occurred bub requires, in addition, that the
natural bases be protected and be made use of carefully.
Polluter Musi; Pay - Principle
,nhe cost of che prevention and removal of or the
compensation for environmental strain are to be imputed
to the polluter.
Principle of Coooeration
r.ivironmental policy can only bring about productive
results in close cooperation among Government, Laender
a.ry.1 commwiic-'.-,s, tl-e .social powers and the citizens themselves.
-------
3. Measures
Measures of the Federal Government in the field of immission
protection were restricted to air purification and noise
abatement since these were particularly necessary .and also
since some knowledge on effects could "be relied upon.
In the "beginning, vibrations, light, heat and radiation
have not been considered.
a) As concerns state-controlled measures legal provisions
have prevailed which serve the reduction or prevention ox
emissions or immissions- "he problem was to make use of the.
current technical state for the restriction.of immission
hazards and development promotion. Already in order to
prevent competition complications kind and extent of the
technical measures have to be largely provided for by law.
In a uniform economic area such as the Federal Republic of
Germany and along with the progressive Eurcpem integration
the laws providing for technical requirements and considering
as well economic aspects have to be based, as far as possible,
upon uniform federal level.
In the beginning, immission eoncrol policy focused upon
the field of legislation, sin-.e h-eire these was the biggest
pent-up demand due to inadequacy and disparity. A comprehensive
programme of legislation was realized betxireen 1971 and 1974 :
- The Federal Aircraft Noise Abatement Act created the
prerequisites of noise-protected areas and the necessary
sound-absorbing measures.
- The Petrol Lead Act resulted in a reduction of the lead
in the petrol of motor "vehicles.
- By an amendment of the Basic Law the Government aclieved,
i.a. the legislation competence in the field of air purity
and noise abatement.
- Finallythe Federal Tnission Control Law
has put immission control legislation on a
new basis fixing as well the three principles of environ-
-------
mental policy :
Prevention lias been provided for as mandatory objective in
addition to the protection against: environmental hazards.
The operator of a plant has bo account for the cost arising
from the prevention of haimful immissions caused by his plant.
Prior to issuing a legal regulation the Federal Government
is bound to hear the parties concerned.
b) The immission control * policy of the Federal Governor."
aims at reducing i-ne total of the environmental strain du
to air pollution and noises on a long-term basis. This can
only be achieved by giving certain priorities to certain
measures. Here, relevant criteria would be the degree of
dangerousness due-+"0 immissions, the frequences of their
occurrence, the State of scientific knowledge as well as
the technical and .,sqientific possibility of realizarion.
Immission protection-related measures have first covered
plants subject to authorization, then all planrs ard
soon products and areas. In the beginning those plants were
the center of considerations which, due to their nature,
caused environmental dangers such as industrial production
plants and power stations. The demands on these industrial
plants and commercial enterprises sub.iect to authorization
have become more surict by the Federal Immission Control_La*;
and the regulations based hereupon.
Thus, as preventive measures there was i.a. provided for
emission restrictions according to the state of technology.
The technical requirements were specified in the 1364- and
1974 Technical Instruction to keep air free from pollution
and^in the 1968 Technical Instruction on noise abatement.
Thus, also those plants subject to authorization x^/ere
considerably enlarged as a consequence of technical
development. Further, as measures in connexion with major
- fitting plants have to be considered the determination
01" noise protection areas on the basis of the Federal
Aircraft Noise Abatement Act which deal with the strain
accruing from aircraft noises.
_ c
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The intensified supervision of the relatively few
particularly troubling plants did not provide sufficient
protection for the population against immissions. Since
also the entirety of the many minor emitting plants
contributes considerably to environmental dangers they
were involved in the concept of environment protection.
Thus, also these plants are obliged to avoid, according
to the state of technical knowledge, harmful air pollutions
and noises. Heanwhile the Federal Government has established
some special requirements to realize this commitment. In the
case of minor commercial trades and private households
polluting air with their furnaces regular controls and better
inspection services of the same have reduced the noxious
emissions. Further, there can be mentioned in this connexion
the programme to reduce exhaust gases of motor vehicles
and the m-easures to reduce construction noises.
As to the consumption of fuel in the operation of plants and
mo Cor vehicles pollutants are emitted cau3a.r.;> in the main,
considerable air pollutions in areas of industrial
concentration. Therefore, for reason of immission protection,
there had to be established as well regulations for products.
The measures to reduce the content of lead in petrol and
the content of sulphur in light fuel oil and Diesel fuels
functioned as pacemakers in this field. As to pollutants
entering the environment by marketing of products of any
kind the Federal Government will provide, in order to
protect the environmental media and the ecological system,
for-product-related legal regulations with regard to the
principle of preventive action.
In areas of heavy industrial concentration, traffic and
dense population with their complex problems of air
purification the^re have become necessary, in addition to
measures in individual plants and products, also area-
related measures for the permanent control of air quality
and air purification plans. The instruments envisaged in
the Federal Law on the Prevention of Harmful Immissions
have enabled the Laender to carry out medium-term sanitation
-------
actions in endangered areas on the basis of a catalogue of
selected measures.
Prerequisite of the Governmental actions was the coordinated
promotion of reseaxch and development pro.jects in the field
of immission projection. The endeavours concentrated above
all upon the impact of imnissions, upon basic questions
concerning the measurement: and registration of pollutants as
well as on the development: of procedures and products net
affecting the environment.
4. New Challenges
The first phase of immission • 'control policy characterized
by the programmatic statements of the Federal Government
terminated in 1974. At this time also the most important
research projects have been introduced. The task was now
to provide for the individual provisions in regulations and
administrative regulations necessary for a unifoi: execution
and to evaluate the research results with respect to new
technological and administrative measures..tiAnd besides, the
economical and social basic conditions changed. After years
of continued and rapid economic growth the economic
development as a result of the oil crisis led to an
economic drop and to a decrease in industrial production.
Until then it had been possible to assume that both the
additional pollutants in the air and the noises involved
in such a growth could be kept within reasonable limits by
way of the envisaged immission protection actions. As long as t
the growth rates have been roj.arxvely high and full-
employment seemed ensured there have been no discussions
as to whether ecological and economical aspects are equal,
cn principle. This changed as the economic situation changed.
Environmental policy was reproached to prevent an economic
.pswing. The parties affected by iumission protection measures
required increasingly a stronger consideration of the
c :onomic aspecrs. Since environment protection basingVtlae
pollutor-must-pay-principle leads to expenditures in the
economic field the financial impact was given priority.
Also on the occasion of the "Gymnicher Gesprach" in 1975
.1 _
-------
it became manifest that, contrary to some concerns, economy
has not "been made excessively demand upon. The Federal
Government is still of the opinion that ecological and
economical aspects would complement one another in the long
run and tha"c the long-term securing of our economical
existence requires in the highly industrialized and densely
populated Federal Republic of Germany the maintenance of our
ecological bases of life. Necessary changes in economy will
be facilitated - in the same way as up to now - by
transitory measures and long-term objectives.
The temporary construction stop of the pit-coal plant
Voerde ordered by court has made the prob" em of the required
legal security for investment planning b< ome the center
of political interest. After having inspected the regulatory
system of iemission control legislation and in wMghing
economical and ecological concerns, the Fr deral Government
will submit proposals to promote better security for
immission levels to be observed in the apT)rov,\l procedure.
The importance the Federal Government ascribes to measures
of environmental protection becomes manifest in the regular
and considerable raise of the Federal budget in this
particular field.
Environment policy of the Federal Government is, despite
modified economical basic conditions, energetically supported
by the citizens. The population's attitude towards the
environment has even increased within recent years ; this
applies both to the assessment of the importance of
environment political measures and to the willingness to
undergo ?. personytal sacrifice in favour of environment
protection.
5. Prospect
In the future, id 1 arming instruments in the field of
immission control policy will play a far more important
role than up to now, a fact which is also shown in the 1976
Environmental Report updating the 197"! Environmental
-,P-
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Programme of the Federal Government. The Federal Government
will provide for better sites for major industrial plants.
The mazclmum i.mmission levels concerning noise envisaged in "she
Draft Lav/ on Road and Rail Traffic Noise - Lav; on Traffic
Noise Protection - shall sacstantially influence the
planning of new streets. In order to decrease excessive
exposure in overcrowded areas and to provide for possibilities
for the settlement of industrial plants and for replacement
investments, projects of ho1.; to keep air free from pollution
are imperative. The same applies to the facilitation of
sanitation measures the Federal Government strips £pr in
connexion with the reform of the Federal Itnmissior:
Control Law as well as to the protection
of particularly exposed plants and animals in hither, to
unexposed areas. In determining air purification measures
at regional level the plans of the Laender will have a
decisive influence. These measures enable in the concrete
case a national evaluation between the concerns
environmental protection and those of economy, Even if, due
to the structural characteristics of exposed areas,
environment protection requirements have to be revoZs^ed
sometimes until these areas will have been reorganised
the protection of human health will be inviolable no matter
where and when.
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APPENDIX 1 I I
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*
Umweltbundesamt
Federal Environmental Agency
December 1981
D - 1000 Berlin 33
Postfach
Bismarckplatz 1
Tel.: 030 3903 - 1
or Ext. 253
Guideline
"Controlled Landfilling of Waste"
Merkblatt
Die geordnete Ablagerung von Abf'allen
(Deponie-Merkblatt, Stand 1. September 1979)
Aufgestellt im Auftrag der Landerarbeitsgemeinschaft
Abfall unter Mitarbeit des Umweltbundesamtes und des
Verbandes Konmunaler Stadtereinigungsbetriebe
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Legal Bases
1.3 Site Selection
2. Site licensing procedure
2-1 General
2.2 Required
2.2.1 Explanatory Report
2.2.2 design and Dimensioning
of plant components
2.2.3 Planning documentation
2.2.4 Expertise
2.3 Type of Wastes to be Disposed
of
3. Construction of Landfill sites 6.
3.1 Access Roads and on Site Roads
3.2 Fencing
3.3 Tyre Cleaning
3.4 Entrance Area and Buildings
3.5 Landfill Liner and
Leachate Collection
3.5.1 Preliminary Remarks
3.5.2 Design of Liner Systems
3.5.3 Leachate Collection
3.6 Diversion of Groundwater
and Surface Water
3.7 Other Wastewater from
the Site
3.8 Equipment and Staffing
Requirement
3.9 Landfill Gas
3.10 Bench Maries for Surveying
4. Landfill Operation
4.1 General
4.2 Tasks of the Operating
Staff
4.3 Entrance control
4.4 Operation Techniques
4.4.1 Compaction of Solid Wastes
4.4.2 Placement of Dewatered
Sludges from Municipal
Sewage Plants
4.4.3 Placement of Industrial
Sludges
4.5 Daily Cover
4.6 Control of Litter, Vectors
and Fire
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.g,3
4.9.4
4.10
5.
Litter Control
Control of Vectors
Fire Prevention
Noise and Dust Control
Protective 8erms
Treatment of
the Leachate
General
Leachate Quantity
and Composition
Treatment Processes
Leachate Analyses
Groundwater Monitormg
Recultivation
Measures
Long Term Care
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- 2 -
1. Introduction
1.1 General
Waste disposal facilities for controlled landfilling of wastes are termed
landfill sites (Depomen) in this Guideline. The guideline covers landfill
sites on which solely or predominantly solid residential wastes*) such
as domestic refuse, bulk refuse and industrial wastes are deposited. For
simplicity these landfill sites are designated as municipal landfills
(Hausmulldepomen). Landfill sites destined exclusively for special-wastes
or solely for one particular kind of waste ("special landfill sites (Sonder-
deponien") are not covered by this guideline.
Controlled landfilling is a well established procedure for orderly disposal
of waste. For residential wastes it is the only method of disposal which
can be used alone since all other methods of disposal and recycling re-
quire a landfill site as a supplementary system.
This quideline indicates how the legal requirements can be complied with
as regards the construction, operation and closure of landfill sites.
The measures required in individual cases can be determined only on a
basis of knowledge of the local conditions.
1.2 Legal Bases
In the construction, operation and closure of landfill sites all those
involved are responsible within their own spheres of operation for ensuring
that the legal and administrative regulations and the orders issued pur-
suant to these regulations are complied with.
The following, in particular, should be noted:
- Disposal of Wastes Law, as promulgated on 5th January 1977 (Federal
Law Gazette I, p. 41, amended p 288)
- Waste laws of the Laender
- Waster Resources Law, as promulgated on 16th October 1976 (Federal Law
Gazette I, p. 3017), revised by Art. 69 of the Introductory Law for
the Tax Code (EGAG) of 14th December 1976 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 3341)
- Water laws of the Laender
- Federal Nature Conservation Law of 20th December 1976 (Federal Law Gazette I,
p. 3574, amended 1977 p. 650)
- Nature and landscape conservation laws of the Laender
*)
' "Informationsschrift Abfallarten", Landerarbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall.
Published by Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, Bielefeld, Genthiner
StraBe 30 G, D-1000 Berlin 30.
Reprinted in "Mul1-Handbuch" Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin,
Kennziffer 1110
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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3 -
- Law ori protection against harmful environmental effects due to air
pollution, noise, vibrations and similar processes (Federal Immission
Protection Law) of 15th March 1974 (federal Law Gazette I, p. 721, 1193),
last revised by Art. 45 of the Introductory Law for the Tax Code of
14th December 1976 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 3341)
- Law to prevent and combat infections diseases of man (Federal Epidemic
Law) of 18th July 1961 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 1012, amended p. 1300),
last revised by 7th Law on adjustment of benefits under the Federal
Pensions Law of 9th June 1975 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 1321).
The Disposal of Wastes Law provides, inter alia, that
- wastes are to be disposed of in such a way that the welfare of the public
is not impaired (s. 2, Subs. 1),
- wastes may be treated, stored and disposed of on land only in plants
or etablishments (waste disposal plants) specially licensed for the
purpose (S. 4, Subs. 1),
- the Laender shall draw up waste disposal plans for their areas based
on supralocal considerations (s. 6, Subs. 1),
- the official approval of the responsible authority is to be neccessary
obtained for the construction and operation of fixed waste disposal
plants as well as for any fundamental change to such a plant or its
operation (S. 7, Subs. 1).
1.3 Site Selection
§ 6, Subs. 1 of the Disposal of Wastes Law provides that the waste disposal
plans of the Laender are to specify suitable locations for waste disposal
plants. Accordingly, this guideline does not contain any advice regarding
the selection of the location for a land disposal site.
Where a waste disposal plan has not yet been drawn up the selection of
a location for a landfill site should be coordinated with the authority
responsible for the waste disposal plan and with the planning and consultation
authority.
The final decision concerning the suitability of a location for a planned
site always lies with the planning authority.
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2. Site Licensing Procedure
2.1 General
In the planning stage, preliminary to the construction of waste disposal
plants, the body responsible for the project should establish contact
with the responsible authority as early as possible. The planning approval
procedure is governed by §§ 21-29 of the Disposal of Wastes Law.
§ 21, Subs. 1 of the Disposal of Wastes Law provides that the body respon-
sible for the project which is the subject of the planning application
is to submit to the responsible authority the drawings and explanatory
notes identifying the project, the reason for it and the properties and
facilities affected by the project. The documentation must contain an
comprehensive description of the project. The relevant DIN specifications
are to be complied with in the presentation of the documents. The required
number of copies of the documents to be submitted with the license appli-
cation will be determined by the responsible authority.
2.2 Required Documents
In the absence of any specific requirement by the responsible authority,
the following documents should accompany the application for planning
approval for a landfill site:
- Explanatory report
- Design and dimensioning of facilities
- Planning documentation
- Expert reports
2.2.1 Explanatory Report
The explanatory report must contain the data and specifications necessary
to permit an assessment of the project. These generally include specifi-
cations concerning:
1. Reason for the plant, tasks set and contractual stipulations
2. Site selection
3. Neighbourhood and affected area
4. Collection area; type, composition, quantity and origin of the wastes,
including details of the type and scope of collection and transport
to the plant.
5. Site conditions regarding orography, meteorology and water economy,
e.g. position with respect to the receiving water, flood zones, etc.
6. Details of public and private drinking water supply plants in the area
affected by the landfill site
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7. Suitability of the subsoil from the geological and hydrological point
of view
8. Development and establishment of the landfill site, including supply
an disposal services with a description of the specific facilities
9. landfill volume and service life of the site
10. Availability of cover material
11. Equipment and personal (design of the overall plant and of individual
plant components)
12. Description of the operation procedure and the measures relating to
work hygiene and immission protection
13. Cost of the plant (capital and operating costs, including recultivation
costs)
14. Present utilization of the site area
15. Recultivation during and after completion of landfill operation
16. Utilization after completion of landfill operation
In addition, the explanatory report should contain a table of content of
all accompanying documents
2.2.2 Calculation arid Dimensioning of Plant Components
1. Dimensioning of the water supply installations
2. Dimensioning of the wastewater disposal installations (volume,
pollution, treatment, monitoring, transport on site sewage systems,
hydraulic calculations)
3. Dimensioning of the systems for collection, treatment and transport
of leachate
4. Dimensioning of the systems for collection and transport of the ground-
water and surface water
5. Static calculations for structures
6. Evidence of soil mechanics (stability and settlement of the landfill-
body and the subsoil).
2.2.3 Planning Documentation
1. Outline map, scale 1 : 100,000 to 1 : 200,000 showing the disposal
area, the location and the supralocal traffic connections
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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- 6
2. Outline map (topographical map), scale 1 : 10,000 to 1 : 50,000 showing
the plant and local services (communications, water, sewerage, elec-
tricity) and the surrounding groundwater and surface water utilization.
3. Map, scale 1 : 1,000 to 1 : 5,000 showing the actual utilization of
the surrounding land. A list of plots giving owners and occupiers and
the Land Registry/Surveyor's Dept. designation of the plots should
be attached.
4. Hap, scale 1 : 1,000 to 1 : 5,000 with contour lines showing all in-
stallations and auxiliary plants (e.g. access, boundary fences, service
buildings, water and electricity supply lines, telecommunications
equipment, collection, treatment and transport of surface water and
leachate, groundwater level compensation and groundwater flow direction).
The inclusion of contours for the final planned state may also be use-
ful.
5- Cross sections and longitudinal sections, scale 1 : 1,000 to 1 : 5,000
(scale of heights 1 : 100) of the landfill site and the wastebody for
various operating states showing the highest measured groundwater
table (m above M.S.L.) and the time of measurement as well as sectional
plans (schedule of strata) and sections for access roads and hydraulic
structures.
6. Constructional drawings, scale 1 : 50 to 1 : 200 (plans, sections and
views).
7. Drainage plan for surface water, stratum water, leachate and wastewater
in the individual sections
8. Operating plan (details of the position of tipping areas, protective
berms and on site roads in the individual sections).
9. Accompanying landscape conservation plan (recultivation plan) with
details of all measures during the operating period and of the final
form of the waste body and later utilization of the site.
To illustrate the plan it is advisable to include aerial photographs,
models and representations in undistorted sections.
2.2.4 Expertise
Those generally required are:
- Geological and hydrological report specifying subsoil and groundwater
conditions, permeability of the subsoil, sealing measures required.
In individual cases it may also be necessary to provide:
- Meteorological study
- Emission/immission study
- Soil mechanics study
- Study of landfill lining.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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7
2.3 Type of Wastes to be Disposed of
In addition to the solid residential wastes
- domestic refuse
- industrial wastes similar to domestic refuse
- bulk refuse
- street sweepings
- market wastes
- garden and park refuse
a wide variety of wastes can generally be disposed of on municipal landfill
sites. The decision regarding the type and quantity of wastes to be landfill
lies with the respobsible authority. In this connection, the following
factors in particular will have to be taken into account:
Location and efficiency of the landfill site
- Situation with regard to the water economy and geology of the location
(Receiving water, subsoil)
- Climatological factors
- Availability of cover material
- Availability of landfill volume and extension potential
- Connection to the local and supralocal traffic network
- Mechanical equipment and personal
- Monitoring installations
Behaviour of the wastes during operation
- Resistance of the landfill body to traffic load
- Emissions (smell, dust, noise)
- Quantitative proportion to other wastes which act as a buffer
- Complications during operation
Long-term behaviour of wastes in the landfill body
- Treatment and disposal of the leachate
- pollution of the receiving water
- Chemical reactions and gas production
- Stability of the landfill body
- Settlement of the waste
- Recultivation of the landfill area
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In principle, an assessment of the wastes based on the factors listed
may lead to the following decisions:
- The waste may be deposited on the landfill site without any special
measures.
- The waste may be deposited on the landfill site only under special
conditions and with special precautions.
- Owing to its type and/or quantity the waste must be taken to other
waste disposal plants.
3. Establishment of landfill sites
3.1 Access Roads and on site roads
The road construction guidelines must be follwed as regards the access
roads to the site. (Guidelines of the Research Associations on Highways:
Guidelines on the construction of highway - RAL, and streets - RAST.)
The slope should not exceed 8%. Having regard to trouble-free winter
operation, 10% gradients are permissible only in exceptional cases and
for short distances.
The road with should permit trouble-free two way traffic and should therefore
be at least 6.50 m. The edge of the access road should be marked by stones
or posts.
The traffic requirements of other parties, such as for agricultural or
forestry vehicles, must be borne in mind.
Any necessary signposting must comply with the Road Traffic Code.
As far as internal traffic is concerned, easily portable barriers and
signposts must be used to ensure that delivery vehicles are guided without
difficulty from the entrace control at the entry gate to the particular
operation area. Traffic directions at the operation area are given by
personal.
The refuse collection vehicles and private deliverers must pass along
designated routes to specially identified operation areas on the site.
The operation areas for mechanical unloading of vehicles and for manual
unloading are separated from each other in order to speed up the unloading
operation and the placement of the wastes as much as possible.
The roads on the landfill site must be passable in all weathers.
A separate access road free of crossroads leading to the garage should
be provided for the steel wheeled compactor.
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9
Turning space must be provided outside the entrance gate and on the site
itself in order to allow vehicles which are turned away or those wishing
to make deliveries outside opening times to turn round.
3.2 Fencing
The site must be secured against access by unauthorised persons and against
the incursion of game by a boundary fence. Where possible, the fence should
be extended around the monitoring wells for groundwater, gas and leachate.
In many cases it is additionally advisable to place a suitable protective
plantation outside the fence.
3.3 Tyre Cleaning
Care must be takten to ensure that traffic conditions on the public streets
are not impaired by dirt carried from the site. Various possible methods
are available:
a) Cleaning lane
Tyres will be satisfactorily cleaned if there is strip of road at least
300 m long, ideally inside the landfill site area, which can be driven
along briskly. Frequent cleaning of the roads, depending on conditions,
must be ensured. Separating strips can be used to restrict cleaning to
the exit road.
b) Cleaning rollers
Two pairs of rollers are installed in a lay-by so that the vehicle stands
with one axle at a time on the rollers. The rollers can be driven by a
separate motor.
c) Tyre washing system
Tyre washing system should be arranged near the landfill body in the region
of the exit lane. When soiling is heavy, spraying before and after is
recommended. The system consists essentially of a 40-50 m long water trough
with a water depth of approx. 0.10 to 0.15 m. An essential feature for
satisfactory operation of the system is that the base of the trough should
take the form of a grid through which the dirt which has been washed off
can fall into a dirt sump. It should be noted that this system is of limited
use in winter.
3.4 Entrance Area and Buildings
Logging of deliveries and the first, usually visual, inspection of the
waste delivered takes place in the entrance area. In special cases samples
are taken.
At the entrance to the site an information board should be placed to provide
the public with information about the plant.
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The following information is required:
- Name of the plant
- Name and address of the body responsible for disposal
- Name and address of the operator
- Opening times
It is also appropriate to give the following information on the board
- Charges
- Completion of landfill operation
- Future use of the site.
The checking in of the vehicles takes time. For this reason a queuing
space must be provided within the site before the check-in point. It may
be useful to collect the waste from small deliveries in containers sited
in the entrance area and accessible even outside opening times. Regardless
of the design of the landfill site there must be a check-in building in
the entrance area to provide space for the necessary clerical staff and
inspectors and with a telephone line installed.
If circumstances permit, the main building can also be integrated with
the check-in building.
In the case of larger plants it will be necessary to provide in the check-
in building:
- Office with telephone line - depending on the arrangement of the
weighbridge inclusive weighing room
- Laboratory - for quick analyses and storage of samples
- Instrument room
- WC
Changing rooms, washrooms and shower rooms are to be arranged so that
clean and dirty areas are separated from each other (black - white system).
An additional WC should ideally be provided for visitors.
In order to assess the water balance and emissions of a landfill, regular
records of certain weather factors are required.
The installation for taking these measurements should be arranged in
the vicinity of the operational building.
Workshops and buildings to accommodate the equipment should also ideally
be near the operational building.
For the repair of equipment and machinery a pit and hoist are useful.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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The access roads and the floor of the building should be constructed so
that the high surface pressure of the steel-wheeled compactors does not
cause permanent damage (e.g. lay wearing planks).
In the check-in area there should be a stretch at least 18 m long which
is straight and level where a weighbridge can be installed. The use of
a weighbridge facilitates settlement with the users of the landfill and
for planning purposes. A weighbridge with a capacity of at least 38 Mg,
16 to 18 m long and 3 m wide is required. Weighbridges with pressure
pickups are particularly sturdy in operation. The measuring apparatus
should be self-registering and self-recording and should ideally also
record the type of waste, deliverer, date and time.
Automation of the weighing and recording operation speeds up checking-
in and facilitates evaluation of the data for the purposes of stastistics.
In particular in the case of large plants, electronic data storage is
advisable.
It is necessary to weigh each vehicle twice or, if a master is available
showing the unladen weight, only once. Experience shows that one weigh-
bridge can handle up to 25 weighings per hour.
3.5 Construction of the Landfill Liner and Leachate Collection
3.5.1 Preliminary Remarks
If, when the location of a landfill site is to be selected, there are
areas available with a natural subsoil which is adequately impervious
these should ideally be preferred. In the event of other conditions
prevailing at the location selected, special measures may be required
to seal the landfill base (in relation to the site bottom and, in
necessary, the site sides) if it is intended to prevent or restrict to
a minimum the penetration of leachate from the landfill into the subsoil.
The decision regarding the necessity for such measures is taken in each
individual case by the responsible authority.
If the responsible authority decides on a landfill liner then the indi-
cations and recommendations given under item 3.5.2 should be noted.
When a landfill site is established the existing top soil should be removed
and stored in such a way that it can be used later for recultivation.
Where the subsoil is naturally adequately impervious, it is advisable
to rearrange the whole bottom of the site to a depth of 30 cm and to com-
pact it according to soils engineering principles. Then the bottom of
the site must be rolled smooth with the specified gradient. The rule;;
relating to the placement of a sealing layer of natural materials (see
item.3.5.3) apply similarly to the distribution of existing soil strata.
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3.5.2
Design of Landfill Liners
Landfill liners are made either of
- natural materials, or
- synthetic materials.
Natural sealing materials are carefully placed and compacted sealing layers
consisting of specially brought in soil materials with a sufficiently
high clay and fine silt content.
A sealing layer which is placed in this way must be at least 60 cm thick
all oveg. It must be compacted in layers so that a kr value of at least
1 . 10 m/s in achieved. The surface must be rolled1smooth with a slope
towards the drains.
The completed sealing layer must be carefully protected against drying
out, frost, erosion and mechanical damage. For this reason it may also
be necessary to build up the layer section by section.
If the site has steep sides on which it is not possible to construct a
continuous sealing layer, then as the landfill site is filled up with
wastes and after removal of the top soil the sealing layer must be gra-
dually extended with a slope towards the centre of the site.
Synthetic seals comprise in particular:
Prefabricated seals, e.g.
- in-situ seamed membranes made of suitable plastics
- in-situ seamed membranes made of suitable bitumens on a backing.
on site fabricated seals, e.g.
- layers made of mixtures of suitable existing or specially placed soil
materials with synthetic resins, siliceous or other binders (motars)
or swelling agents (bentomt)
- bitumen layers similar to those used in road building.
However, such seals and sealing layers must not be considered in isolation
in the planning of a landfill liner. They are rather only one component,
even if a very important one, of the overall sealing system shich is
required.
The appropriate structure for a sealing system depends in each individual
case chiefly on the type of seal, the conditions of the location and on
the type and quantity of the wastes to be deposited. A sealing system
which incorporates a synthetic seal as an integral component will, as
a rule, consist of the following elements (in ascending order - see
Figure 1):
- support or fine subgrade layer
- seal or sealing layer
- drain layer with or without drain system (see item 3.5.4)
- protective layer (to prevent damage to the sealing system by bulky or
sharp items in the waste, and to prevent thermal stressing of components
due to dump fires, etc.).
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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Abgelagecte Abtatle
Schutzschicht1
(z B aus Femmulll
Dranschicht ^
mit Orcnsystem
Stutz-bzw^
Feinplanumsschicht '
L - — Gesamthohe
i_ - — - ^~ i des
Dichtungs-
systems
- L~^__ 1 \ Drcnstranq
r ^ £
Rohplanuml 'Dichtung
ijB cus Kunsfslott-
jQiCMunqsbOftn^ft
1 landfilled waste
2 protection layer
3 drainlayer (coarse gravel and pipes)
4 supporting layer without sparp stone etc.
5 total heighth of liner system
6 drainpipe
7 upgraded soil
8 sealing, e.g. welded plastic membrane
Fig. 1 Sealing System for a landfill liner - Diagrammatic Cross Section
Since the state of technical knowledge and development in the field of
landfill liner are still at a relatively early stage, it may be assumed
that planning and design work on a liner will almost always presuppose
a series of special tests. These may be tests concerning
- the soil mechanics characteristics of the existing subsoil or of the
soil materials proposed for a sealing layer, and
- special questions relating to synthetic seals (e.g. determination of
the material to be used for sealing sheets in view of the wastes to
be deposited, determination of seaming techniques for the sheets).
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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The conduct of such tests must be entrusted only to qualified specialists.
Even after completion of landfill and recultivation, the sealing system
must remain in function until no more leachate requiring treatment is
present.
3.5.3 Leachate Collection
Landfill site with a liner or sites situated on naturally impervious
subsoil must be drained through a subsurface drain layer (if necessary,
with additional drain system) located on the landfill bottom or on the
seal or through a drain system in which a protective layer should be
integrated. The resulting leachate must be discharged controlled.
The drain layer or the drain system must be constructed so that the
leachate is led of quickly and reliably to prevent it from being banked
up in the deposited wastes. This is of particular importance because.
- the elutriation from wastes lying in water is greatly increased and
the treatment of the leachate is thus made more complicated and
expensive, and
- due to banked up leachate the hydrostatic pressure head over the seal
and consequently all the resulting potential risks to the subsoil
are increased.
The following possibilities may be considered for the construction of
the subsurface drain layer or the drain system:
1. Conventional drain system, integrated in a protective layer made of
less permeable (fine-grained) materials.
The drain system consists mainly of the branch drains and the main
collector drains (auxiliary and trunk mains) as well as the inspection
shafts and manholes. A drain system such as this is required since
a protective layer consisting of fine-grained materials will not guaran-
tee adequate drainage of the landfill bottom. It will frequently be
useful to construct the main drains so that they can also accept water.
A protective layer which works also as drain system may be considered
in particular for natural seals.
2. Subsurface drain layer made of highly permeable (coarse-grained) soil
materials (filter layer),
a) without additional branch drain pipes
bj with additional branch drain pipes.
Branch drain pipes can increase the efficiency if the filter layer.
They need not necessarily take the form of perforated piping; seepage
trenches, amongst other things, also provide an appropriate solution.
The leachate is accepted by the filter layer and is then fed to a single
or to several main collector drains. It is the function of the main
collector drains to lead the leachate out of the region of the bottom
of the landfill and away. It may be necessary to arrange inspection
shafts or manholes along the route of the main collector drains.
The subsurface drain pipes must be designed on hydraulic and static
principles.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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The minimum nominal diameter should be 100 mm. A minimum slope of 1%
should be aimed at. When selcting materials it should be remembered that
the leachate may be corrosive to concrete.
The main collector drains should ideally run in straight lines without
bends. Care must be taken that the position of the subsurface drains is
not altered by the later landfill operation. When the first layer of waste
is deposited, the compacting machine must not be used on the landfill
bottom or immediately above it. It should always move on a layer of waste
at least 2 m thick so that the soil pressure does not become too great
and in order to prevent damage to the seal and drain system.
The subsurface drains must be packed in portative filter material. The
minimum cover above the pipe summit must be 30 cm.
In order to counteract ferric encrustation of the drains, air should be
excluded from the drains (e.g. by means of an air trap or by means of
pipes with underwater outlets). If a conventional drain system is constructed
the gravel or stone fill must be able to take over the function of the
pipes in accepting the water in case the latter become choked. It is due
to such chocking, in particular, that the long-term functional reliability
of filter layers must be rated higher than that of conventional drain
systems.
The inspection shafts should ideally be located outside the landfill body.
The inspection shafts and collector shaft must be easily accessible and
should permit flow measurements to be made and samples to be taken {see
also item 3.9).
3.6 Diversion of Groundwater and Surface Water
It is important to keep groundwater and surface water away from the body
of the landfill in order to minimize as far as is possible the amount
of leachate which has to be treated.
Only in exceptional cases is a pipeline beneath the landfill bottom per-
missible. Any such pipe must be leak-proof, highly corrosion and wear
resistant and designed to withstand a high degree of stress due to settle-
ment and load.
The pipe should be man-sized to allow for inspection and repair work.
Inspection shafts in the region of the landfill body should be avoided.
Water which is dicharged within the landfill area must be collected and
piped away in leak-proof pipes.
Unpolluted surface water from filled sections of the fill should be collected
by means of suitable drainage systems and discharged. It may possibly
be discharged into ditches around the site.
The quality of the separately discharged groundwater and surface water
should be regularly checked.
LAGA - Oeponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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3.7 Other Wastewater from the Site
Domestic sewage from the operational building must be disposed of according
to sewage engineering principles.
Wastewater from machinery and tyre washing installations should be re-
cycled via a mechanical cleaning system (sedimentation tank) with an oil
trap (downflow baffle). The wastewater emanating from this circulation
system should be disposed of according to the appropriate sewage engineering
principles.
Unpolluted storm water from the consolidated areas in the landfill should
be collected and discharged separately. Guidelines on the treatment of
storm water should be observed.
3.8 Equipment and Staffing Requirement
Satisfactory landfill operation requires adequate equipment with suitable
machinery.
The minimum equipment for every landfill site is a steel wheeled compactor.
In addition, there should be machines available for cleaning the on site
roads, for fire and dust fighting and for earthworks.
Steel wheeled compactors should always be used for the placement of bulky
wastes. With careful placement it is possible to pack domestic and bulk
refuse with fewer cavities using steel-wheeled compactors than with track-
laying vehicles. The high degree of compaction improves the passability
of the site to vehicles, reduces settlement and the risk of fire and
lessens infestation by pests and wind-drifting.
The number of machines and the capacity reguired depends on the volume
of waste to be placed per day, the type of waste and the landfill operation.
When selecting the stee-1-wheeled compactors it should be noted that the
capacity of the machine decreases as the proportion of bulk refuse in-
creases. The machines should have a high ground clearance combined with
underbody reinforcement and good cross-country mobility.
The cab should be air-conditioned and soundproofed. The cooling air fans
should be protected by dust filters.
Crawler loaders or wheel loaders are used for earthwork on the landfill
site and to transport inert covering material. Only on small sites can
steel-wheeled compactors which have a loading shovel instead of a blade
replace these machines. Sweeping machines are necessary to keep the on
site roads and, if necessary, the acess roads clean. This prevents dust
from being blown about in dry weather and accidents due to skidding in
the wet.
With single-shift landfill operation a total of at least three men will
be required for reception, logging and inspection, vehicle direction and
operation of the placement machines as well as other work (see also Section
4.2).
The staff must be reliable and trained for the job.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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3.9
Landfill Gas
The generation of gas in the landfill body is attributable to microbic
processes of degradation. In the light of the present state of knowledge
they may be expected to last for many years.
The composition of the landfill gas varies, ft roethane content of 50-70%
and a carbon dioxid content of 30-50% may be regarded as typical. Other
components found in smaller quantities are hydrogen sulphide, ammonia
and nitrogen.
Damage resulting from gas has been reported only in isolated cases. In
individual cases landfill gas may have the following environmentally
relevant effects:
- explosions and fires
- danger of suffocation due to lack of oxygen when it occurs in concen-
trated form in confined spaces
- odour
- plant growth damage.
Where the subsoil which is laterally adjacent to the landfill body is
more permeable to gas than the cover materia] the gas may penetrate as
far as distant structures (e.g. basements, pipelines).
In practice, landfill gas poses no danger at not covered sites as far
as landfill operation is concerned since the gas can escape over the whole
surface of the landfill site. Furthermore, the waste surface is colonised
by microorganisms which wholly or partially break down the methane compo-
nent.
In order to prevent damage due to landfill gas the following precautions
should be taken:
- Spaces where the presence of gas must be expected, i.e. in particular
leachate inspection and collection shafts, may be entered only after
the oxygen content has been tested or with full breathing equipment.
Having regard to the increased danger of explosion the relevant acci-
dent prevention regulations must be observed.
- The landfill should not be used for building development unless such
a project may be considered perfectly safe as a result of investigations
into the generation of gas or the takingof structural precautions.
- In particular in the case of an impervious final cover it may be
necessary in individual cases to take special measures for selective
gas collection and extraction in order to prevent damage to growth.
In the light of the present state of knowledge, the following basic
methods may be considered:
- gas probes which are driven into the body of the landfill after final
covering,
- Gasextraction shafts and gas outlet systems which are built up or laid
as the fill is gradually filled.
LAGA - Oeponiemerkblatt (LandfiU Guideline, Germany)
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For selectively collected gases the possibilities are burning off, piping
away through bio-filters or, if appropriate, recycling.
3.10 Bench Marks for Surveying
Outside the area affected by landfilling surveying points should be set
up the position of which is referable to the official grid. At least three
bench marks are required.
The setting up bench marks for surveying also facilitates compliance with
the plan of working and monitoring the site as regards settlement. In
addition, the bench marks facilitate the arrangement of a placement grid.
4. Landfill Operation
4.1 General
The normal operation of a landfill site is characterised by placement
of the wastes immediately on delivery. The crushing of wastes and controlled
aerobic decomposition of crushed or otherwise homogenised wastes before
compaction are occasional variants on this. Even after such preliminary
treatment the wastes are in every case placed as densely as possible.
Other variations on landfill operation may arise, for example, when the
waste arrives at the site in pretreated form - e.g. in the form of bales -
or when the wastes delivered are transported to the operation area in
special vehicles after passing through an transfer station at the landfill
site.
The method of operation must be clearly regulated for the staff employed
at the landfill by means of a directive. In accordance with the requirements
imposed by the official approval notice, this directive must specify how
the permitted types of waste are to be deposited on the landfill site
and who is responsible for the individual tasks and inspection of the
work.
In addition, it is necessary to have an order specifying the use of the
landfill which lays down the rights and duties of deliverers of wastes.
Particular reference should be made to the fact that
- only the prescribed roads are to be used
- wastes may be unloaded at /the points provided for the purpose only
- no sorting of wastes by unauthorised persons is permitted
- the instructions of the staff are to be followed.
Questions relating to liability should also be regulated in the order.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt {Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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4.2
Tasks of the Operating Staff
The operating staff is responsible for the orderly landfill operation
in accordance with the directive. The relevant accident prevention
regulations must be complied with. The plan of working on which the
planning approval is based must be complied with.
The waste delivered must be inspected. Materials not acceptable for
landfilling must be rejected and logged (see item 4.3). The wastes
accepted should be recorded separately according to types of waste.
The operating staff must take particular care that no fires occur and
that nuisances due to smell, noise, dust, waste paper and plagues of animals
are avoided. A check must be kept to ensure that the fence is intact.
Items deposited in contravention of the regulations in the access area
and on adjoining pieces of land must be removed without delay. The weigh-
bridges, the meteorological measuring station and, if there is one, the
groundwater observation well must be maintained and looked after in
accordance with the relevant specifications. The leachate should be ana-
lysed regularly (cf. item 4.9). The following data should be regularly
recorded in a log book which is to be kept on the site:
- weather conditions, e.g. temperature, rainfall and wind direction
- results of inspections of the water piping installations, especially
the intakes and outfalls of the fencing around the site and of the imme-
diate vicinity to check for fly tipping
- results of the measurements and analyses of the leachate
- unusual occurrences, e.g. accidents, fires, mechanical breakdowns
- type and quantity of wastes delivered, deliverers, origin, date of
acceptance, area in which it was deposited (cf. item 4.3). The types
of waste should be designated using the waste codes in the Information
Sheet on Types of Waste produced by the Joint "Land" Committee on Waste.
An evidence book as prescribed by Section 11, Para. 2 or 3 can be kept
as part of the log book. For landfills not yet eqipped with a weighbridge
the quantity of waste delivered should be determinded by volume.
- emptying of the leachate tanks, including recording the discharged quantity
- recultivation measures, stating type and extent
- site area used per day
- use of personnel and machinery
4.3 Entrance - control
The acceptability of wastes for landfilling should be checked before they
are delivered to the site.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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The direct inspections of the wastes delivered at the landfill site relate
essentially to:
- the deliverer's trip tickets
- the weight of the waste
- inspection of the waste itself
(for: colour, consistency, smell, mixture, packaging).
This involves a comparison between the actual appearance of the waste
delivered and that expected on the basis of the declaration. In cases
of doubt samples should be taken of the waste delivered.
These inspection measures should be carried out by the operating staff
near the weighbridge and when the delivery vehicles are unloaded. These
areas must be linked by a communication system (e.g. walky talkies}.
If doubts arise as to the identity of the waste
- during the check-in inspection then acceptance must be refused and the
refusal recorded,
- during unloading of the vehicle or placement of the waste then unloading
or placement must be stopped, the unloaded or deposited waste secured
(e.g. against rain and access by unauthorised persons) and a sample
taken of the waste. The generator of the waste, the landfill operator
and the body responsible for disposal are to be informed.
Details of the wastes delivered should be recorded in the log book
(cf. Item 4.2).
4.4 Operation Techniques
4.4.1 Compaction of Solid Wastes
After delivery, reloading and/or preliminary treatment the wastes are
placed as densely as possible.
Compaction is carried out with steel wheeled compactors and crawlers.
For surface placement the wastes are spread out on the horizontal or sloping
operating area and crushed, compressed and compacted by being passed over
several times with the compactior. The compacted layer is not deeper than
30-50 cm.
In order at the same time to accommodate non-crushable bulky items and
sludges it is sometimes appropriate to use the tipping edge method. This
involves placing the solid residental wastes in layers of max. 2 m in
such a way that they can be pushed over a so-called tipping 5dge from
the alredy compacted part of the operating area. The solid residential
wastes should be unloaded approximately 10 m before the tipping edge and
crushed by beeing driven over several times before being pushed over the
tipping edge. The resulting flank slope should, at least at the end of
the working day, be compacted and covered.
The bulky items and sludges are unloaded at the foot of the tipping edge
and covered over from above.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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Both the surface placement and the tipping edge method should be earned
out in as small a space as possible, taking into account the vehicle
movement required and the necessary area for adequate crushing and compaction.
Both placement techniquex are diagrammatically illustrated in Fig.2.
During placement it is also necessary to bear in mind the limitation of
the leachate. This can be done, for example, by sectional placement and
a downward slope of the surface towards the outside.
Even if, before landfilling, the wastes have been subjected to aerobic
decomposition, placement is carried out with the use of steel wheelid
compactors.
It is also possible to crush the wastes immediately before landfiTHng
in stationary plants, possibly combined with simultaneous removal of
scrap. A disadvantage is that it is difficult to prevent waste paper and
plastic from blowing about. The advantages are that the cost of placing
the waste is reduced and the delivery vehicles do not need to travel over
the site. The cost is, however, higher than the use of a steel wheeled
compactor.
4.4.2 Placement of Dewatered Sludges from Municipal Sewage Plants
The sludges which may be considered for landfilling are usually digested
and aerobically stabilized sludges; raw sludges may be deposited if suitable
measures are taken, e.g. during dewatering, to prevent odour. It is not
as a rule necessary for the sludge to be rendered hygienic. In the light
of the present state of knowledge, sludges with water contents of up to
65%* may be landfilled withourt restriction. The timing of sludge deliveries
must be determined in agreement with the person responsible for the land-
fill operation and coordinated with the delivery of solid wastes, having
regard to the type and volume of sludge involved.
The disposal of limited quantities of sludges with a higher water content
may be permitted if
- the stability and passability of the fill to vehicles is not impaired,
regard being had amongst other things to the quantitative proportion
to the solid wastes, and
- controlled placement is assured, taking into account aesthetic and
hygienic factors and the prevention of odours.
With a view to the stability of the landfill body, dewatered sludges
should be deposited in areas away from slopes. During placement, continuous
layers of sludge should be avoided. Sludges should not be deposited di-
rectly on the bottom of the landfill.
•k
Determination of water content using S 2 of the German unit processes
for water, sewage and sludge analysis,
Deutsche Einheitsverfahren fur Wasser, Abwasser und Schlairanuntersuchungen
(DEV), Verlag Chemie GmbH, Wemheim (see p. 30}
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, GErmany)
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22 -
^a) Flachenemboj
ab warts
Einbcucn ^
u Veraitnten
^b) flachenetnoau
aulwcrts
Flacheneintjou
horizontal
Kippkentenetnbau'
Vertpiie^ $
Zffi»ifir*rn 10
Wfcciifn it
Schlamm
5perr«jer AfcteB *3
Aftladen
7 j -t,
** Wrt»ilen Abkippeo
Zerklemrcn
Abscnieocn
* ^
Uberscruffan /
Abb. 2 Einbaulechniken
1?-
1 compaction in thin layers, downhill
2 coarse crushing
3 unloading
4 placement and compaction
5 compaction in thin layers, uphill
6 compaction in thin layers, horizontal
7 previous layer of refuse
8 placement and compaction as shown in 2m layers
9 distribution
10 crushing
11 compaction
12 sludge
13 bulky waste
14 pushing
15 unloading
16 cover with refuse
17 operation techniques
Fig. 2
Placement Techniques
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23
4.4.3 Placement of Industrial Sludges
Where they are permissible for the landfill concerned, industrial sludges
can be deposited in spadeable form in accordance with Section 4.4.1 and
4.4.2.
4.5 Daily Cover
At the end of each day's work the wastes must be deposited in such a
way that nuisances to the neighbourhood caused by wind-blown waste paper,
infestation by animals, fire and unsightliness of the operating areas
are avoided.
The measures which may be necessary to meet these requirements are dependent
on the location of the site and on the type of waste deposited and, in
the case of extensive areas, also on the position of the operating areas
vis-a-vis areas worthy of protection. If, during placement, a level and
relatively firm surface is not achieved so that paper, plastic foil, etc.
blow away, then it is impossible to dispense with daily covering.
The particular materials suitable for covering are those which do not
blow away easily, from which no harmful substances are elutriated and
which permit the passage of vehicle over the covered areas where this
is required. Apart from excavated soil and building rubble which is not
too coarse it is also possible to use other industrial wastes for covering
material, the suitablility of which must if necessary first be determined
by laboratory tests.
Where steel wheeled compactors are used to place the waste it may, under
certain circumstances, be possible to despense with covering. This applies
particularly to surface placement since with this method there is no loose
slope. In addition, the lugs of the steel wheels serve to knead and bind
the otherwise easily driftable waste.
Sloping level surface covered with clay or claylike soil permit on the
one hand good surface storm-water runoff, but on the other hand lead to
banking of water in the body of the landfill and to uncontrolled water
outlets on the sloping sides and prvent the escape of gases if no addi-
tional structural measures are taken.
There are considerable operational difficulties for vehicles driving over
layers of covers.
4.6 Control of Litter, Vectors and Fire
4.6.1 Litter Control
Protection of the neighbourhood from pieces of light plastic and paper
beeing blown from the site must be achieved by careful placement of the
wastes with compactors and/or additional daily covering.
LAGA - Oepomemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
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The problem of pieces being blown away during unloading of the wastes
and during placement can be reduced by paper-catching screens. On some
sites the boundary fence also acts as a paper-catching device. However,
this has the disadvantage that the material must be gathered up after-
wards.
A more satisfactory form of litter fence are paper-catching nets because
the material blown into them falls down automatically when the wind drops.
When the wind changes direction and as the placement area advances, the
litter nets have to be moved. A construction should therefore be selected
which can be moved easily.
4.6.2 Birds and Vector Control
Flocks of birds, especially crows and gulls, around landfill sites are
attributable to the supply of food available there in the form of organic
waste. Experiments on municipal landfill sites have shown that the birds
can be driven away for only short periods by scaring devices such as shot-
firing systems, since they rapidly become used to such disturbances. Im-
provement can be made only be keeping the operation area of the landfill
as small as possible. Daily covering of the operational area also yields
advantages as far as prevention of infestation by birds is concerned.
Vector control must be left to officially licensed specialists. Evidence
of regular vector control should be required.
4.6.3 Fire Prevention
Careful operation and thorough compaction help to counteract fires on
landfill sites. The usual causes of occasional fires are:
- arson
- careless use of naked flame, and
- hot wastes.
In general, the covering of fire points with cover materials e.g. soil
has proved satisfactory. For tlms reason, it is important to keep a sufficient
supply of covering material on the site. In the case of fires smouldering
deep in the body of the landfill it may be necessary to dig out the core
of the fire. The possibility of a temporary flaring up of the fire must
then be accepted. Experience shows that only surface fires can be extinguished
with water. The directive must lay down the necessary measures and specify
the responsible persons.
4.7 Noise and Dust Control
Delivery vehicles and operation machinery represent sources of noise.
This must be taken into account in planning a landfill in order, if
necessary, to introduce appropriate noise reduction measures {noise protec-
tion berras and protective plantations). DIN 18 005 - noise protection
in building construction - is decisive for the relevant considerations
and preliminary measurements. Unacceptably high continuous noise levels
rarely occur outside the landfill.
LAGA - Deponiennerkblatt (landfill Guideline, Germany)
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Possible measures to protect the neighbourhood of a site surroundings
from dust consist of moistening the site area and the on site roads as
well as regular cleaning of the paved roads with sweeping machines in
dry weather. Plantations around the edge of the site also contribute to
the reduction of dust emissions.
4.8 Protective Berms
Depending on local requirements and in particular to protect residential
and recreational areas, wind protection, noise protection and screening
berms (protection berms) made of earth may be necessary. An adequate depth
of cultivable soil must be placed on the outer slope. It is advantageous
to lay out such protective berms and to plant them appropriately as long
before starting landfill operation as possible.
For reasons of screening and noise protection the protective berms must
always be higher than the operation area.
The stability of the protective berms must be ensured. In order to achieve
optimum blending with the landscape
- the outer sides of the berms should be formed to correspond with the
desired landfill surface shape after operation,
- the prevailing slopes in the surroundings should be taken as a guide,
- slopes steeper than 1:3 should be avoided, and
- in flat terrain gentle slopes (ideally less than 1:4) should be provided.
The topmost edge of the berms should be rounded off and the foot of the
slope flattened out; broken edges should generally be avoided.
The diversion of water, access to the site by traffic after completion
of landfill operation and the later maintenance and repair of the in-
stallations are simplified if berms at least 3 m wide are constructed
at height intervals of 5 to 8 m. The slope, the final height and the use
to which the dump is later to be put are decisive factors affecting the
arrangement of the berms.
4.9 Treatment of Leachate
4.9.1 General
Before discharge into a water, the leachate must be treated in accordance
with the discharge conditions.
If it is technically and economically possible to connect up to a sewage
treatment plant of adequate size then this should certainly be done. If
this facility is not available then the leachate must be collected in
a leachate tank and transported to a suitable sewage treatment plant in
tankers or treated in a suitable plant at the site. It is generally true
that the treatment process is more stable when the leachate is mixed
with municipal sewage than otherwise.
When siting a leachate tank it must be noted that there must be easy access
for tankers. The tank must be fenced in to make it accident-proof. Signs
must be posted to draw attention to the risk of explosions and the danger
of climbing on the tank. The relevant accident prevention regulations
should be referred to.
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The required capacity of the leachate tank ist determined by the volume
of leachate produced and the frequency of collection. The minimum size
should, however, be sufficient to hold a week's leachate.
Constant aeration of the leachate may be required in order to reduce the
discharge of odour or to promote aerobic degradation of organic constituents.
For this reason allowance must be made at the planning stage for subsequent
installation of an open tank even where the leachate is piped in enclosed
pipes to the sewage treatment plant.
4.9.2 Leachate Quantity and Composition
In the case of municipal landfill sites a mean annual leachate quantity
- determined by rainfall - of approx. 0.01 to 0.1 1/s ha may be assumed.
The daily leachate quantity may be up_to 2.5 times the mean annual figure.
The type and quantity of the leachate constituents depend in particular
on
- the subtances contained in the waste which are soluble in leachate,
- the physical conditions as well as the chemical and biological reactions
which take place in the waste and in the leachate,
- the volume, distribution and retention time of the leachate in the
deposited waste as well as the age of the landfill body.
The overall system represented by these usually interdependent processes
is difficult to describe. A prognosis of the quality of the leachate is
therefore only possible to a limited extent - datas from comparable existing
landfill sites should be used as a basis. If this is not possible then
under certain circumstances experiments should be carried out on an appro-
priate scale.
In operational sites leachate analyses have yielded result for essential
parameters within the following ranges:
pH value
4 -
9
COD
2,000 -
62,000
(mg 02/l)
in
o
o
CO
60 -
45,000
(rag 02/l)
Ammonium
120 -
3,200
(mg NH4+/1)
Cloride
750 -
5,200
(mg Cl"/1)
Sulphate
1 -
1,600
(mg S04-/1)
Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals occur in high concentrations,
and the concentrations of heavy metals occuring in leachate and in municipal
sewage are of approximately the same order of magnitude.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
-------
27
4.9.3 Treatment processes
For leachate treatment in installations at the site oxidation ponds and
other biological treatment methods may be considered. Experiments have
yielded decomposition rates of 95 to 99% for the B0D5 and 20 to 50% for
the COD. It should be noted that although the final B0D5 figures were
still up to 3,500 mg/1. These residual concentrations of organic substancss
which are not easily biochemically degradable can be reduced only by means
of further purification processes (e.g. the use of precipitation processes).
4.9.4 Leachate Analyses
After starting landfill operation analysis of the leachate must begin
without delay.
The extent of the analysis is laid down in the licensing document.
Simple leachate analyses can be carried out by the staff if both the technical
qualifications of the staff and correct maintenance cf the equipment
(e.g. calibration of probes) car be quaranteed.
The analyses may cover in particular the following aspects
- discharge
- colour
- smell
- turbidity
- floating matter /smears
- suspended solids
- temperature
- ph value
- electrical conductivity
The relevant guidelines of the Joint "Land11 Comittee on Waste (LAGA)*)
should be followed.
4.10 Groundwater Monitoring
Observation wells should have pipe diameter (finished diameter) of at
least 150 mm in order to permit the groundwater level to be measured and
groundwater samples to be taken. The number, location and depth of the
observation wells and their technical specifications must be determined
in consultation with the technical! authorities. It must be possible to
close off the well tops.
' Guidelines on procedure for physical and chemical analyses in connection
with the disposal of wastes
- PN 1/75 - Taking of Water Samples
- UP 1/75 - Presentation of Results of Analyses of Water Samples and
Eluates
- Wli /77 - Scope of Groundwater, Surface Water and Leachate Monitoring
in the Area of Waste Disposal plants
Richtlinien der Landerarbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall
published by Erich Schmidt Verlag 8erlin, Reprinted in "Mullhandbuch"
LAGA - Depomemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
-------
- 28 -
To ensure the accuracy of the results at least one observation well should
also be located upstream of the landfill.
Groundwater samples should also be taken and analysed before the landfill
operation starts (zero samples).
The relevant LAGA guidelines (cf. Item 4.9.4) should be followed regarding
the scope of analysis of the groundwater samples, the conduct of the sampling,
the preparation of the sampling reports and the presentation of the results
of the analysis.
5. Recultivation Measures
By recultivation is understood the blending of the landfill body into
the surroundings and landscaping measures in prparation for the future
use of the site area. On part areas the necessary work should be carried
out even before and during the operation of the landfill and for the re-
mainder immediately after completion of the landfill operation.
The relevant standards (DIN 18 300, 18 320, 18 915 to 18 919), memoranda
and guidelines by the "Laender" must be complied with.
The measures to be taken should be laid down in an accompanying landscaping
plan (recultivation plan) according to type, extent and cost and with
regard to their timing relative to each other as part of the operational
sequence. The consequent recultivation costs are part of the costs for
landfll1ing.
When placing the last layer of waste in particular, the subsequent use
to which the area is to be put and the type of recultivation measures
which are to be later taken should be borne in mind.
Recultivation by covering with cultivable soil is the rule. Covering may
be dispensed with if this is permitted by the proposed later use of the
area. The same applies to the possible mixing of soil with the top layer
of refuse.
Where covering is used the thickness of the layer of cultivable soil to
be applied depends on the later use, in particular on the root space required.
Subsoil and top soil should be placed so that continuous growth, or other
intended later use, is possible. Account must here be taken of the inter-
action between the covering and the body of the landfill with regard to
the gas and water economy and possible consequent impediments to plant
growth.
The surface of the landfill site should be constructed and formed so that
storm-water is largely diverted from the landfill body. A minimum slope
of 3% should be aimed at.
The slopes should generally be planted with trees and sown with grass
to provide effective protection against erosiom. Erosion and slipping
must if necessary be prevented by stabilizing construction as per
OIN 18 918.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt (Landfill Guideline, Germany)
-------
29 -
6. Long Term Care
After closure of the landfill the following measures for long-term care
are still required:
- Maintenance of the leachate collection, discharge and treatment systems
- Discharge, treatment and monitoring of the leachate
- Maintenance of the surface run-off channel systems
- Maintenance of the groundwater monitoring wells and groundwater control
system
- Maintenance of existing gas control systems
- Remedying of damage caused, for example, by erosion, slipping or uneven
settlement
- Maintenance and upkeep of the vegetation.
If necessary, the financing and conduct of these measures should be guaranteed
by the requirement that security should be provided.
LAGA - Deponiemerkblatt {Landfill Guideline, Germany)
-------
APPENDIX IV
-------
TR-82-0102
PROPOSAL
RE: COMBINED CIRCULAR FROM THE MINISTER FOR WORK, HEALTH AND SOCIAL
CONCERNS AND THE MINISTER FOR ECONOMY, SMALL BUSINESS AND TRAFFIC
OF NORTH RHINELAND-WESTPHALIA
Translated for EPA by
LITERATURE RESEARCH COMPANY
Annandale, Virginia 22003
-------
Ill/A. 3-46-01
PROPOSAL
Re.: Combined Circular from Che Minister for Work, Health and Social
Concerns and the Minister for Economy, Small Business and Traffic
of North Rhineland-Westphalia
Emissions Declarations for Coking Plants
A sample declaration for coking plants and emissions factors has
been worked out in a working group consisting of the two ministries,
the mineral coal mining union, the German coking plant committee, the
State Mining Office of North Rhineland-Westphalia, the Rhineland-
Westphalian Technical Monitoring Union and the State Institute for
Emissions Protection. The goal of this work was to contribute to uni-
form dealings with the operators of foundry and mine coking plants in
the compilation of emissions declarations.
The sample declaration is based on a coking plant with all opera-
tional units including all secondary installations. The sample
declaration has been completely filled out with the exception of the
quantitative emissions data. We intentionally omitted recording such
data so that each operator can record his own information.
The mining officials and the State Surveillance Office Duisburg
have been asked to provide the sample declarations to all installation
operators required to make an emissions declaration. If possible, they
should follow this form for 1981, but should definitely use it no later
ti-an 1982.
The monitoring authorities can use the attached list of emissions
factors as an aid in evaluating the emissions declarations. The list
is to be updated continuously in accordance with current information.
-------
2
The Minister for Work, Health and Social Concerns should receive
a report from the State Mining Office North Rhineland-Westphalia, the
Minister for Economy, Small Business and Traffic and the State Indus-
trial Surveillance Office Duisburg concerning experience with this
emissions declaration by the end of 1983. If it becomes necessary to
make a report, it should be done immediately.
-------
3
Sample of an Emissions Declaration for Coking Plants
Appendix I
Sheet 1
To*
Mining Office/State Industrial Surveillance Office
Plant Number**
Industry Number**
Emissions Declaration/Supplement to the Emissions
Declaration (Declaration)*
2)
Serial Number of Declaration: Declaration Period:
1. Operator
Name/Firm Name;
Address: Telephone
(including area code)
For processing of questions
Department: Of f icial: Telephone:
(including area code)
Plant
Designation of the plant or operation in which the installation
was operated:
Address:
District: _ Floor
Type and purpose of the installation:
3)
Number/designation of the installation:
Last license nr indication according to § 16 Para. 4 of the Industrial
Ordinance or § 67 P ra. 2 of the Federal Emissions Protection Law
Authority: No. Date:
3. Emissions
4)
a) Are emissions liberated from the installation yes/no*
b) Are there changes wiyh respect to the previous
declaration period 5 yes/no/n.a.*
4. Operating period
a) Has the installation been out of operation or shut down yes/no*
Date out of operation/shut down:*
Date operation began:
b) Hours of operation
*Cross out that which does not apply
**For official use only
-------
4
Appendix 1
Sheet 2a
5. Fuel and Working Materials, Sources
a) The following fuels or working materials are used, treated or
mined:
ComDosition 7)
Substance 6)
Mass Flow
Components
Mass
tons/year
Use
Content
%
1
2
3
4
5
Coking coal
2,104,300
Sulfur
0.85
Use
Coking oven gas
412,800
Methane
32
Intermedial
(raw)
Aliphates with-
5.2
product
out methane
Aromates
5.8
Naphthalene
4.7
Ammonia
0.8
Hydrogen sulfide
1.2
Hydrogen cyanide
0.2
Tar
15
Coking oven gas
313,200
Methane
41.5
Product,
(pure)
Caloric Value:
Aliphates with-
6.7
Fuel
H = 16900 KJ/Mm3
out methane
u
Benzene
0.9
Hydrogen sulfide
0.2
Coke
1,657,500
Sulfur
0.78
Product
Raw tar
61,000
Product
Raw benzene
16,560
Product
Raw phenol
1,670
Product
NH^ water
1,750
Product
Sulfuric Acid
9,800
h2so4
96
Product
-------
5
Appendix I
Sheet 2b
b) All working materials are listed in the table. yes/neix
Number of working materials not listed
c) Sources"*)
No.
Designation
1
2
3
4
Height of discharge
in m above the ground
Discharge area in
6. (Primarily) shift operation*
a) XXXXXXXXXX
b) XXXXXXXXXX
c) Three shift operation
7. Seasonal Operation from to
8. Extent of emissions declaration
Appendix II Sheet ... 1 to .... 5 ... .
Appendix III Sheet ... 1 to .... 3 ... .
Appendix IV Sheet ... 1 to ... .13 ... .
9. The following outside organizations participated in determining the
emissions and in preparation of the declaration:
Address Date Signature of Official
Remark: 52, Para. 5 of the Federal Emissions Protection Law is referred
to.
*Cross out that which does.not.apply
**Data only necessary if the declaration is prepared only according to
Appendix I.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period ..1979...
Installation/operational units/operational processes
A pj-] en id f x I ]
Sheet 1
No ./designation _ . . ,
, ' _ Ti Coking plant
of installation: & r
Operation 8)
Manner of
nnpra H on
Operational processes
bxhaust gat:
purl f ic.it i on**
No.
Designation
Cont.
Discont-
No.
... J 8)
lype
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
Coal delivery
-
X
1
Unloading from cars
-
2
Coal [Storage
jc
X
X
1
2
3
Transport to the depc>t
Deposit on the depot
Storage of the coal
-
-
X
4
Backloading of the coal
-
3
Coal Center x
X
X
1
2
Transport to the coal tower
Filling into the coal cars
-
U
Coking over filling device
X
-
X
1
Filling of the coking over/
suctioning
Wet dust removal
(Venturi washer)
-
X
2
Filling and levelling of the
coking over/leakages
—
5
Coking oven battery x
s
X
_
1
2
Underneath heating of the coking
ovens
Leakages in the coking overs
x f
allowing the operation mear
s: sin
liar opera
:ional un
ts should be summarized accordingl
y-
*Cross out that which does not apply. **Data need only to be related to the operation.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period ..1979...
Installation/operational units/operational processes
Append i x IT
Sheet 2
No./designation
of installation:
Coking plant
Operation 8)
Manner of
nncMrlnn
Operational processes
Exhaust gas
pur Lf J cation-''*
Ho.
Designation
Cont.
Discont.
No.
,n 18)
Type
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
X
3
Open cover of ascending pipe
(prior to stamping up to filling)
"
X
X
k
5
Operation of the ignition flame
of the collecting main flare
Burning off raw gas in case of
accident
-
6
Coke ramming device x
-
X
X
X
1
2
3
Ramming of coking ovens/suction
Ramming of the coking ovens/
leakages with suction operation
Ramming of the coking ovens
without suction
Wet dust removal
(Venturi washer)
7
Coke quenching device x
-
X
X
1
2
Transport to the quenching tower
Quenching of the coke
-
8
Coke ramp x
X
X
1
2
Discharge of coke on rarep
Discharge of coke on belt
*Cross out that which does not apply. **Data need only to be related to the operation.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period ..1979...
Installation/operational units/operational processes
Append i x IT
Sheet 3
No./designation
of installation:
Coking plant
Operation 8)
Manner of
nnpra tlon
1
Operational processes
i jn
ExIiausL
No.
Designation
Cont.
Discont.
No.
Type
pur i f i Crtt ion-*
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Coke transport installa-
X
-
1
Transport to sieve/breaking plant
-
tion
10
Coke sieve and breaking
X
-
1
Sifting/breaking of coke
Cyclone & wet dust
plant
removal
-
X
2
Loading of coke
"
11
Coke warehouse
-
X
1
Transport to warehouse
-
-
X
2
Discharge at warehouse
-
X
-
3
Storage of coke
-
-
X
4
Backloading of coke
-
12
Gas treatment/gas
-
X
1
Gas liberation, gasification
-
pre-cooler
13
Gas treatment/tar
-
X
1
Gas liberation, gasification
-
electrofilter
-
X
2
Vaporization
14
Gas treatment/I^S washer
-
X
1
Gas liberation, gasification
-
15
Gas treatment/NH^ washer
-
X
1
Gas liberation, gasification
-
16
Gas treatment/benzene
-
X
1
Gas liberation, gasification
-
washer
17
Gas treatment/liquid
-
X
1
Filling and ventilation of con-
-
container
tainer
X
2
Gas liberation
*Cross out that which does not apply. **Data need only to be related to the operation.
00
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period ..1979...
Installation/operational units/operational processes
Append i x If
Slioct 4
No./designation „ , . ,
, . „ f. Coking plant
of installation:
Operation 8)
Manner of
nnprar-fnn
Operational processes
1
Exhaust fias
No.
Designation
Cont.
Discont.
No.
mi J tJ /
Type
pur 1C iLal' ion*-*
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
,Gas treatment/coking oven
X
-
1
Operation of ignition flame
-
gas flare
-
X
2
Burning off of coking oven gas
—
19
Tar treatment
-
X
1
Removal of thick tar
-
-
X
2
Filling and ventilation of tar
-
decantation tank
—
X
3
Filling and ventilation of tar
-
loading tank
20
Phenol removal plant
-
X
1
Filling and ventilation of tanks
-
-
X
2
Liberation of gas from tanks
-
21
Sulfuric acid plant
-
X
1
Preheating of contact tower
-
X
-
2
Burning of NT^ a°d dead air
-
22
Benzene factory
-
X
1
Filling and ventilation of tanks
-
-
X
2
Liberation of gas from tanks
-
-
X
3
Removal of liquid pitch
-
X
4
Heating of the tube furnace
*Cross out that which does not apply. **Data need only to be related to the operation.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to Che emissions declaration*
Declaration period ..1979...
Installation/operational units/operational processes
Appendi x 1 I
SI it- c L 5
No./designation
of installation:
Coking plant
No,
23
Operation
8)
Designation
Loading station
Note:
In individual cases,
additional operating units
and the relevant pro-
cesses can also lead to
emissions, e.g.
Manner of
nnpratlnn
Cont.
Discont,
x
X
X
X
X
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Operational processes
Type
18)
Loading of raw tar
Loading of raw benzene
Loading of phenolate
Loading of NH^ water
Loading of sulfuric acid
lixlintist nas
pur Lf icaI I on**
8
ammonium sulfate plant,
Claus plant
Oxidation plants for gas
desulfurization
*Cros3 out that which does not apply. **Data need only to be related to the operation.
o
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions
r, i j « 1979
Declaration period
Sources
declaration* Appendix III
Sheet 1
No. /designation „ . ~ 12)
of the plant: C°kln8 Plant
1
10)
Serial
11)
12)
Associated
13)
Ceographical position
Source d Uiien;: Lons
1'.)
No. of
source
Description of source
with opera-
tion No.
Ri ght
value m
nigh
value tn
Discharge
height
above
ground m
[) I K-
clia rge
sur face
2
area m
l.pnglh
m
a)
b)
Wtrll 1.
Ik' 1 jjii
in
Ariftlo In
liorLli
2
3
A
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 I
1
Unloading point, e.g. underground
bunker (surface source)
1
2,560,630
5,703,140
0
400
40
a)
10
68
2
Coal warehouse (surface source)
2
2,560,610
5,703,170
6
7,200
120
a)
60
68
3
Transport belt (1:. i source)
3
2,560,680
5,703,160
20
70
140
158
4
Coal removal to the coal tower
3
2,560,710
5,703,080
15
1.8
5
Chimney of coal filling cars
exhaust gas cleaning
4
2,560,650
5,703,060
14
0.16
6
Coking oven battery(surface source]
4 and 5
2,560,650
5,703,060
10
2,400
120
a)
20
68
7
Exhaust chimney from oven battery
5
2,560,660
5, 703,010
95
7.5
8
Collecting main flare of oven
battery
5
2,560,670
5,703,055
18
0.2
9
Chimney on coke side dust removal
6
2,560,680
5,703,120
43
2.75
10
Coke side of oven battery (surface
source)
6 and 7
2,560,640
5,703,075
2
1,200
120
a)
10
68
11
Quenching tower
7
2,560,570
5,703,045
46.5
42
12
Coke r.a
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
1979
Declaration period
Appendix Til
Sheet. 2
Sources
No./designation
of the plant:
Coking plant
12)
10)
Serial
11)
12)
Associated
13)
Geographical position
Source d linen's 1 ons
14)
No. of
source
Description of source
with opera-
tion No.
Right
value m
High
value m
Discharge
lie! ght
c ve
ground m
Dis-
charge
sur f.icc
2
area in
l.engtli
m
o) Wlill li
b) Ih ij-ln
MI
Anfclc to
nnrl.li
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
1 1
13
Coke transport belt (line source)
9
2,560,480
5,703,040
0
24
60
158
14
Exhaust chimney from coke sieve/
breaking plant
10
2,560,510
5,703,075
30
4.2
15
Loading point (surface source)
10
2,560,510
5,703,095
0
300
20
a) 10
68
16
Transport belt (line source)
11
2,560,450
5,703,130
2.5
40
100
158
17
Coke stockpile (surface source)
11
2,560,480
5,703,160
8
4,500
90
a) 60
158
18
Ventilation of gas pre-cooler
12
2,560,820
5,703,080
12
0.005
19
Ventilation of tar electrofilter
13
2,560,830
5,703,060
18
0.002
20
Ventilation of H^S washer
14
2,560,855
5,703,070
14
0.008
21
Ventilation of tTH^ washer
15
2,560,870
5,703,080
14
C .008
22
Ventilation of benzene washer
16
2,560,875
5,703,070
8
0.005
23
Tank openings
17
2,560,852
5,703,090
6
0.005
24
Coking oven gas flare
16
2,561,010
5,703,080
32
0.6
25
Thick tar removal
19
2,560,715
5,703,045
1
1
26
Tank openings of tar decanting tan
t 19
2,560,780
5,703,050
8
0.06
*Cross out that which does not apply.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
1979
Declaration period
Appendix IIL
Sheet 3
Sources
No./designation 12)
of the plant: Cokln8 Plant
10)
Serial
11)
12)
Associated
13)
Geographical position
1'.)
Source dimensions
No. of
source
Description of source
with opera-
tion No.
Right
value m
High
value m
Discharge
height
above
ground m
11 l s-
clia rge
surface
2
area m
¦ Length
m
a) Wld
b) llri]
in
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
27
Tank openings of tar loading tank
19
2,560,788
5,703,035
8
0.06
28
Tank openings
20
2,560,815
5,703,055
6
0.04
29
Chimney of sulfuric acid plant
21
2,560,950
5,703,085
80
0.55
30
Tank openings
22
2 ,560,890
5,703,10/
4
0.005
31
Run-off of the pitch column
22
2,560,880
5,703,125
1.5
0.01
32
Chimney of tube oven
22
2 ,560,870
5,703,165
32
0.4
33
Filling openings of tar transport
vehicle
23
2,560,820
5,703,035
3
0.25
34
filling openings of benzene trans-
port vehicle
23
2,560,810
5,703,027
3
0.01
35
Filling openings of phenol trans-
port vehicle
23
2,560,810
5,703,027
3
0.01
36
Filling openings of HH^ water
transport vehicle
23
2,560,800
5,703,024
3
0.01
37
Filling openings of sulfuric acid
transport vehicle
23
2,560,915
5,703,070
3
0.002
*Cro33 oat that which does not apply.
-------
Emissions doclaration/supplenant to tVi-e emissions declaration*
Declaration period .1?^.
Operational processes/emiseiona
i h IV
1
tlo./designation _ .
- . ? „ Coking plant
of the pJant: a r
10) 16)
Serial
h'o. of
source
8} 17)
Cp-e ration
No-
Oferaclonal processes
tfo,
15)
Frequency
and indi-
vidual
duration
UOx/d
tr 30 s
3x/d
er 4 h
3x/d
ir 4 h
constantly
constantly
constantly
sai
Tirac
period
all year
all year
all year
all year
Jan-Dec,
Mon-Sun
6aro-4pm
Jari-Dec „
Mori-Sun
6am-^pir
21)
Total
duration
h
335
4,380
4,380
8,760
3,650
3,650
12)
Ea ha us t ms
Flow
ra^/i,
TCTLp.
*C
35
15
15
15
15
15
Substance type
10
coal dust
coal dust
coal dust
coal dust
coal dust
coal dust
233
• | i ss_: tin s
=
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration parted
Operational processes/emissions^^
A|i|>pnJix rv
SI, eel 2
No./designation
of the plant; Coking plant
1
10) 16)
S) 17)
Operational crocessea
22)
Fml s^lonq
Serial
Operat ion
19)
20)
21)
Exhaust
RBS
23)
2M
H 25>
Ma-jS
Jf>)
H)
Ho. o f
No.
No.
Frequency
Time
Total
Flow
Temp
Substance type
Aggrvfute
I'OL iJ
CoitL. rii>u
k |". /1 i
source
and Indi-
period
duration
m^/h
°C
condt Lton
iii.i'-';
Ui'L r i inlsin L 1 uu
vidual
h
Ly|!U
duration
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
AO
il
12 H
l'i
1 3
i>
3
2
4x/h
por 3 min
all year
1,752
-
15
coal dust
stg/stk.
5
4
1
4x/h
per 2 min
all year
1,168
7,800
60
coal dust
s°2
NH3
€0
aliphates
are-nates
stg/stk
5
e
6
5
6
t.
U
2
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period .1???.
Operational processes/emissions 1-*)
Appendix IV
Sheet 3
No./designation _ , , ,
c 7 „ Coking plant
of the plant: " v
1
10) 16)
Serial
Ho. of
source
8) 17)
Operation
Ho.
Operational processes
22)
Emissions
No.
19)
Ftequency
and Indi-
vidual
duration
20)
Time
period
21)
Total
duration
h
E>haust
eas
23)
Substance type
2<0
Aggregate
cond1 L 1 on
... 2y>
21,)
1 i.l .11
ITMSS
kg
Hi
21)
Di'l o i in hi.) 1 I tjn
lypi-
¥ leu
m^/h
Temp.
°C
(.one. 1* 1 nu
i«^/ni3 Wf./'i
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 ] )
13
6
5
2
constantly
all year
8,760
CO
g
aliphates
g
aroraates
e
(including BaP)
nh3
e
h2s
g
HCN
g
6
5
3
4x/h
all year
1,752
CO
g
per 3 nln
aliphates
s
acomates
s
(including BaP)
HCN
g
HO
g
X
NH-j
8
*Cr
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement Co the amissions declaration*
Declaration period .i???.
~ per at lonal p roc esses/emls alone
Appendix IV
SlieuL 4
No./designation „
of the Plant: CokL^ Plant
10) 16)
8) 17)
Operational processes
22)
fin 1 bs Urns
Ser ia1
Operation
19)
20)
21)
Exhaust
21)
24)
m 23)
Mass
26)
27)
No. of
source
No.
No.
Frequency
and indi-
Time
period
Total
deration
Flov
m^/h
Teirp.
Substance type
Aggregate
condl Lien
Luti.il
in:is s
Cor.L. Flow
mg/in^ kg/li
IllJLITII 1 11 1 I l
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to Che emissions declaration*
Declaration period .}???.
Operational processes/emissions^
i\|>l>enil Ix rv
SlievL 5
Mo./designation
of the plant:
Coking plant
10) 16)
Serial
No. o£
source
8) 17)
Operation
No.
Operational processes
22)
Tml sts [hi
Ho.
19)
Frequency
and Indi-
vidual
duration
20)
Time
period
21)
Total
duration
h
Exhaust
i>as
2J)
Substance type
2'.)
Af;|jrui;ntL'
cond 1 Li oil
Flow
ra3/h
Temp.
°C
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
9
6
1
4x/h
all year
84 2
180,000
45
Loke dust
s tg/btk
per 1.5 min
except
SO-
&
8/3 10am
2
to 8/17
CO
S
2 pra
PH
S
aliphates +
3
aromates (Including
EaP)
10
6
2
4x/h
all year
842
coke dusc
stg/stk
per 1.5 min
except
SO.
B
8/3 10am
2
co B/l 1
CO
S
7 pm
aliphates +
e
aromates (Including
BaP)
t.
M.ISS
CoilL . I I UW
niji/mJ k >; /' i
12
I )
lot ,1
mass
I'E
Di't L*r m I li.l L I r p 11
L>'|ic
I "i
*Cross out that which does not apply.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period
Operational processes/emissions*^
Appendix IV
Sheet 6
No./desigua tion
of the plant.
Coking plant
10) 16)
Serial
No. of
source
10
10
11
8) 17)
Operation
Mo.
Operational processes
Mo. i
19)
Frequency
and Indi-
vid oal
duration
4x/h
per 1 • 5 Tiling
4x/h
per 1 rain
4x/h
per 1 rain
20)
Time
pe ri ot]
all year
8/3 10am
to 8/17
2 pm
all year
all year
21)
Total
diiratloc
li
34
584
584
22)
Exhaust gas
Flow
n^/h
Temp.
°C
Tin I st> I ons
23)
Substance type
10
coke dust
so2
CO
allphates +
aronsates
(Including BaP)
coke dust
so2
CO
coke dust
H2S
Nil 3
CO
2U)
A^rcRnt^ ,c;onL_
CC-IHl 3 L I C t| ! , -i
Jilg / :u J
N',SS T..U.I
11
stg/stk
s
s
e
scg/stk
g
g
g
e
12
I Inn
k JI.
] 1
Kg
l/l
iy\*u
27)
I- II I 11,1 L I
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration* Appendix IV
Declaration period .}???. Sheet 7
Operational processes/emissions*5)
No./designation _ , . ,
° Coking plant
of the plant:
10) 16)
8) 17)
Operational processes
22)
I'm! S-, Ions
Serial
Opera tIon
19)
20)
21)
Exhaust
Has
23)
2 ft)
Hnss
2b)
27)
Mo. of
source
No.
No.
Frequency
and indi-
vidual
duratlon
Time
period
Total
duration
h
Flou
ra^/h
Temp.
°C
Substance type
Aggregate
cond 111 oil
Iota 1
nuhi
Cuuc. Kltiw
ing/m^ kfi/li
Delerm1nn1 1 ¦ >n
typci
2
3
It
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 11
1 5
12
8
1
4x/h
aach 30 s
all year
292
coke dust
stg/atk
12
8
2
constantly
all year
8,760
coke dust
stg/stk
13
9
1
cons cantly
all year
8,760
coke dust
s tg/s tk
14
10
1
lx/d each
20 h
all year
7,300
140,000
15
coke dust
stg/stk
15
10
2
AOx/d
each 20 mln
all year
A, 866
15
coke dust
stg/stk
16
11
1
lx/d
each 20 h
all year
7,300
15
coke dust
stg/stk
17
11
2
lx/d
each 20 h
all year
7,300
15
coke dust
stg/stk
17
11
3
constantly
all year
8,760
15
coke dust
stg/stk
*Cros8 out that which does not apply.
ro
o
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period .1???.
Operat lonal processes/emissions I-'}
Append Ix fV
Sheet 8
No./deslgnat Ion
of the plane
Coking plant
io) i6);
Serial
No. of
source
8) 17)
Operation
No.
Operational processes ,
22)
DnlssIons
No.
19)
Frequency
and Indi-
vidual
duration
20)
Time
period
21) <
Total
duration
h
Exhaust
i>as
23)
Substance type
24)
Aggregate
comlJ t Ion
Mass 25)
l(,
1 nL.i 1
IIUSS
kg
Flow
m^/h
Temp.
°C
Cone. Flow
mg/ra^ kg/li
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 !
12 13
14
1 7
11
4
60x/month
all year
4,320
15
coke dust
stg/stk
each 6 h
L8
12
1
6x/month
Jan-Mar
36
allphates
g
each 1 h
Oct-Dec
aro maces
g
24 h
HCN
E
HSCN
g
H2s
g
NH3
g
19
13
1
2x/month
all year*
48
400
20
allphates
g
each 2 h
aromates
e
HCN
g
HSCN
g
»2s
g
nh3
E
2/)
Ueturni I nn I Ion
type
_
~Cross out that which does not apply.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period .!???.
Operational processes/emissions
Append 11 IV
Sin T" t ^
No. /deslgna tion
of tlie plant:
Coking plant
10) 16)
17)
Operational processes
22)
Trilsslnns
Serial
Operation
19)
20)
21)
Exhaust
Ras
23)
2-5)
Mis, i5)
if*)
Ho. of
source
Mo.
No.
Frequency
and indi-
vidual
duracIon
Time
period
Total
duration
h
Flou
mVh
Temp.
*C
Substance type
AsgreE.ite
co nil 1 L1 on
tuLai
H
cuik . ricjw
nig/ro^ kr./li
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
]0
11
12 n
\h
19
11
1
2W Month
each 3 h
all year
72
150
70
naphthalene
g
20
14
1
IICN
nh3
h2s
allphates + aroniotei
B
B
g
g
21
15
1
h'H3
h2s
tICN
aliphates + aromates
S
s
g
g
22
16
1
benzene
toluene
xylenes
8
g
g
2 / )
l>i*L i-i'n 1 na L J uii
lypr
I 5
*Cross out that which does not apply.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period .!???.
Operational processes/emissions*
Appeiulix IV
Sliec t JO
Ho./deslanatIon _ , . ,
c , i i Coking plant
of Ltio plant: ° r
10) 16)
SerrfaJ
No. of
source
a) 17)
Operation
No.
Operational 'processes
22)
ss Ions
No.
19)
Frequency
and indi-
vidual
ciurat Ion
20)
Time
per iod
21)
Total
duration
h
Exhaust
;as
23)
Substance cype
*'•)
Aggregate
cond LLton
If 2r>>
K.is-s
Cone . F 1 <>v 1
ni#;/nj3 k k /11 1
Flou
ro^/h
Temp.
•c
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1J '
12 1 3
23
17
1
constantly
all year
8,760
aliphates
£
aromates
e
mi3
g
23
17
2
2x/a
all year
1
aliphates
s
each 30 min
aromates
e
n»3
E
24
18
1
constar•_y
all year
8,760
700
500
CO
s
so2
R
NO
g
X
dust
stV
24
18
2
22x/irtanth
all year
523
28,000
1,300
CO
6
each 2 h
so2
g
NO
X
dust
s Ck
loL.I I
ni.-j s b
~1h
=1
Del pi in I n.i l I on
type
1 r.
*Crosa out that which does not apply.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration* Apperdlx rv
Declaration period .1???. Sliect 11
Operational process eg/emissions^)
No ./designation _ .. ,
c ? _ Coking plant
of tie plant: r
10) 16)
8) 17)
ODerational processes
22)
1 mt salons
Serial
Operation
19)
20)
21)
Exhaust
gas
23)
2'.)
,» 25)
Ha os
('our . F i iiu
niE/m' k ti/V>
2b)
27)
Del oriu 1 n.it ion
typi-
No. of
source
No.
No.
F requency
and indi-
vidual
duration
Time
period
Total
duration
li
Flow
m 3/h
Temp.
•c
Substance type
^eufcji.iLc
cond I L J on
1 oLn 1
inn
kg
2
3
A
5
6
7
6
9
10
11
12 1 1
U
15
25
19
1
arom/itcs
(benzene, toluene,
xylenes)
BaP, napthalene
6
g
26
19
2
constantly
all year
8,760
85
aromates (benzene,
toluene, xylenes)
6
27
19
3
cons tanc ly
all year
8, 760
85
aromates (see above)
£
28
20
1
constantly
all year
8,760
NSI-j
n2s
aromates (see above)
£
S
e
28
20
2
nii3
n2s
aromates (see above)
g
B
e
~Cross out that which does not apply.
•o
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement; to the emissions declaration*
Al'I'o nU 1 x IV
Declaration period Sheet ]2
Operational processes/emissions")
No./designation _ , , ,
C 1 Coking plant
of the plant: r
10) 16)
8) 17)
Operational processes
22)
Dn 1 ys 1 Dili
Serial
Operation
19)
20)
21)
Exhaust
gas
23)
24)
M,., ">
No. of
source
No.
Mo.
Frequency
and indi-
vldual
duration
Time
period
•Total
'duration
h
Flow
ni^/h
T emp.
°C
'Substance type
[AggreR.ite
conil 1 L J on
Cone. Plow
nif;/ii|3 k^/Ji
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
9
10
11
12 1J
29
21
1
constantly
4/7/79,
8 am to
6 pm
10
so2
S
29
21
i>
constantly
11/1, mid
night to
4/3 !.pm
and 4/7
6 pm to
12/31
midnight
8,662
6,900
40
s°2
SO^
M0
X
g
g
&
30
22
i
icons tantly
all year
8, 760
aromates (see above)
&
30
22
2
aromates (see above)
&
31
22
3
15x/month
each 30 rain
all year
90
aromates (see abpve)
g
lh)
lijt_.il
in.I *>s
kg
l'l
2?)
Del ormi f ii.IL I
t yro
is"
*Crosa out th.ic which does not apply.
-------
Emissions declaration/supplement to the emissions declaration*
Declaration period .}???.
Operational processes/emissions*-*'
A|»| oiul 1 x TV
Slic<'t ] 3
No./designation _ . . ,
r , Coking plant
of the plant: r
10) 16)
8) 17)
Operational processes
22)
F!m 1 «3q ions
Ser ial
Operation
19)
20)
21)
Exhaust
Eas
23)
2'.)
25)
H.155
2fi)
in
No. of
source
No.
No.
Frequency
and indi-
vidual
duration
Time
period
Total
duration
h
Flow
m3/h
Temp.
•c
Substance type
At'.STi'Rnif
condliIon
lot.il
in I1-*.
ki;
Co ML 1 lllW
l)C 1 ( 1 III 1 II.1 I 1 Oil
iy|K'
2
3
4
5
6
7
e
9
10
11
12 ] )
14
r>
32
22
l*
constantly
all year
8,760
3,600
200
so2
g
33
23
1
9x/d eai.ii
15 min
all year
6am-10prn
821
NO
X
nromates (see above)
g
B
34
23
2
3x/d each
15 mln
all year
6ara to
10pm
274
aromates (see above)
g
35
23
3
2x/wk each
15 rain
all year
6ara-lCpni
M-F
26
phenol
g
36
23
U
2x/vk each
15 mln
all year
6am-10pm
M-F
26
nh3
g
37
23
5
12x/wk each
15 min
all year
6am-10pm
H-T
156
so2
S03
NO
YL
g
g
g
... . ..
*Crose out that which does not apply. cr
-------
27
CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOUNDRY
Working area
Installation
Source
OOO
HES
<3". T (£ I*
KOK
(2-3 t< £~
HOb
A ST
HSR
<="
stvr
£ of
Sr££L.
01 Dock
02
FBUS
03 Mixing beds
QV Sintering, plant
05 Elevated railway
11 Coal treatment
i2~Coking oven mstalla :ion
13
Coke treatment
^ Gas treatment
^ Coal materials plant
21 Blast furnace A
22 Blast furnace 3
23 Blast furnace 4
2^ Blast furnace generail
f Blast furnace B
32-B1ast--fnmrirp ">
33 Blast furnace 6
iao
200
300
^00
^ HCB Slag business
BSW I slag business
i»J BSW II slag business
W Pig breaker
Treatment Hasenheide
Mel ting_pIarLt_
; n
51
52 Vertical casting pi
53 35V I Continuous slat
5^ Continuous rour
55 Kettle business
51
i2
asv ir
Melting plant
Casting plant
71
72
I-J
Melting plant
Casting plant
ll Special- adjustment
76
77
_>v
Melting plant
Casting plant
^ I 4. i
'.
-------
28
MANNESMAN PIPE WORKS AG
Classification of che Working Areas and Installations
Working Area
00 Raw materials
supply and
preparation
Installation
01 Port
02 ^Sl'S
03 Mixing beds
04 Sintering plant
05 Clevated railway
Source
000 - 019
020 - 029
030 - 049
050 - 070
080 - 099
10 Coking plant
Coal preparation
Coking oven plant
Coke treatment
Gas treatment
Coal materials plant
100 - 109
110 - 134
135 - 144
145 - 159
160 - 199
20 Blast furnace
operation
21
22
23
24
31
Blast
furnace
A
200 -
239
Blast
furnace
3
240 -
259
Blast
furnace
4
260 -
279
Blast
furnace
general
280 -
299
Blast
furnace
B
300 -
339
Blast
furnace
5
340 -
359
40 Slag business
41
42
43
44
45
Blast furnace slag business
BSW I slag business
BSW II slag business
Pig breaker
Treatment Hasenheide
400
425
450
460
480
424
449
459
479
499
50 Steel works
—
51
BSW
I Melting plant
500
- 549
—
52
BSW
I Vertical casting plant
550
- 599
53
54
BSW
I Continuous slab casting
550
- 599
BSW
I Continuous round casting
550
- 599
"
55
BSW
I Kettle business
550
- 599
—
61
BSW
II Melting plant
600
- 639
62
BSW
II Casting plant
640
- 659
_
71
ESW
Melting plant
700
- 720
72
F.ST
Casting plant
720
- 729
73
f-tW
Special adjustment
730
- 739
80 Roller plant
-ci:
-------
Structure aad Relationship of the Plants and Source Files
29
51 BSW I Melting Plant
Installation Operation
Operational Process
Source
in
1 Aggregate
operation
> 2 Scrap
operation
• 3 Raw iron
mixer
Raw iron
,4 sulfur
removal
01
. 02
03
0<.
. 11
12
13
1".
15
16
r* 01
_ 02
— 03
_ 0*1
— 05
— 06
-5
Converter
preparation
-C
HI
-6
Converter
operation
503
Unloading lime & flux agents ___
Storage of lime
Lime dust separation
Transport of lime & flux agents
Unloading of alloying agents
Intermediate storage of alloying
Addition of alloying agents to bunk
Conveyance of alloying agents _
Intermediate bunkering of alloying
agents —
Transport of alloying agents to
converter
Underground
bunker
Exhaust openings
Transport belt
ents
r
5*0
Exhaust chimney
Secondary dust
— removal
Heating of the mixers
Filling of the mixers
Emptying of the mixers
Cleaning of the runner gates
Clearing of mixers & loading of
debris
Wanning of mixer kettle
— 07 Refilling of the kettles
_ 08 Drawing off slag from kettles
Ceiling ventila-
• 510 tiou
Mixer hall
520
CI Sulfur removal with magnesium coke
02 Removal of desulfurization slag
Ceiling ventila-
tion
Converter hall
•515 Ceiling ventila-
tion
Operating hall
01
02
01
02
03
ov
05
cs
07
08
09
Clearing of shut down converter
Loading of converter debris 5*5 sail J/V
ut
Filling of converters
Reducing with oxygen
Disturbance on electro filter
Tapping of raw steel and slag
Cleaning of coatings in converteps"
Loading of debris and skull
Patching of coiverter with fire
proof mass
Ignition & refilling of ignition
coke
Heating of converter after re- —I
preparation
¦ . ¦ 520 ionn§onverEer
5J
-------
51 BSW I Melting Operation
30
52 53 5^
-------
31
Structure and Relationship of the Plant and Source Data Files
52 BSW I Vertical Casting Operation
Ir.stailation Operation
en
Li
a
c.
o
00
c
CO
c
CJ
u
<55
>
r
Block cast-
ing
preparation
— 07
Operational Process
Cleaning & bricking of group
^ teeming stool
02 Blowing out channels 560
05 Position of fonts & filling with
sand " —
t" Cleaning of casting dies
05 Production of mortar & casting massjae. 555
05 Drying of sand ^
Repair of dies, plates, funnels " "
560
Source
Ceiling ventila.
Loading hall
Ceiling ventila.
Stripper hall
Sand drier
Ceiling ventila.
Loading hall
CM
in
Block cast-
' 2 ing
operation
01
02
03
(rt
05
06
OS
09
10
11
12
Suspension of insulating hoods
Suspension of casting powder
Backfilling of funnel hoods
Packing dies with sand & chips
Attach energy supply to casting """
_ sliifn system —
Opening of casting slide —
Decanting steel
Addition of. inoculants
Covering with insulation materials
Water covers
Emptying remaining steel & slag —
Refilling of kettles into
emergency kettles
— 5^0
Ceiling ventila-
tion
.Casting hall
01
Stripping ^nd
"O loading
Stripping of casting dies
Immersion of casting dies
Loading of blocks
Drawing of EunneLs
Loading of knuckles
Loading of debris
560
Ceiling ventila-
tion
Stripper hall
Ceiling ventila-
tion
Loading hall
-------
32
52 BSW I Vertical Casting Operation
51-a
-------
33
Structure and Relationship of the Plant and Source Data Files
53 BSVJ I Continuous Slab Plant
Installa-
tion
Operation
Operational Process
Source
"1 Channel
Operation
T
CL
cn
CO
o
3
C
o
u
*
a
CO
W
2 Casting
machine
o Oxygen
O cutting
machine
L-4
Adjustment
. 01 Production of mortar
02 Bricking the channels
Oj Drying the channels
Spraying the channels
05 Preparation of channels
ot Cleaning the channels on channel
turners
. 07 Clearing the channels
¦ 08 Loading of debris
, 09 Loading of skull
__ 550 Ceiling ventila-
tion
Casting hall
. 01 Heating .of channels
. 02 Casting preparation (packing of
casting dies)
.-03-Opening of casting slide (free buui. ng)
. 0V Addition of insulation materials)__£4istributer)
.05 Initial .casting
. 06 Addition of casting powder
. 07 Casting
. Qg Secondary cooling
. 09 Slag removal
_ 10
Water covers
^ Refilling of kettles into emergency
kettles (Plant II)
01
Oxygen cutting of the slabs
- Ceiling ventilation
'' Stripper hall
Oa Edge flaming
.570
Chimney edge flaming
machine
.01
• 02
•03
. 3*.
.05
06
¦ 07
Hand flaming of slabs
Water cooling
Surface flaming
Division of slabs
Correction-hand flaming
Specimen burning
Quality control
c,n Ceiling ventilation
" 'ou Loading hall
• 5=0 " "
"575 Chimney flaming
machine
¦;SG Coiling ventilation
Loading hall
-------
34
53 BSV I Continuous Slab Operation
51-3
-------
Structure and Relationship of the Plant and Source Data Files
54 BSW I Continuous Round Casting Plant
35
Installa-
tion^^ Operation
Channel
Operation
Operational Process
31 Preparation of channels
Casting
machine
_ 02
r~o
Oxygen
cutting
machine
Adjustment
.01
Source
01 Heating of channels
Casting preparation
(packing casting dies)
Opening casting slide
(free burning)
M Addition of insulation materials
(distributer)
05 Initial casting
— 06
Addition of casting powder
. 07 Casting
,08 Secondary cooling
>0g Refilling of kettles into emergency
kettles
Ceiling ven-
tilation
Casting hall
-01 Oxygen cutting of round cast pieces
.02 Control flaming
gj Specimen burning
Ceiling ven-
—553 tilation
Stripper hall
Hand division of the round rods
Ceiling ven-
tilation
Hall 8
-------
54 BSW I Round Rod Plaftt
51-8
-------
37
Structure and Relationship of the Plant: and Source Data Files
55 BSW I Kettle Operation
Installa-
tion Operation
Operational Process
Source
Kettle
bricking
-2
01
— 02
— 03
0
-------
|