United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Research and Development
Office of Exploratory
Research
Washington DC 204460
sfcEPA
Abstracts of
Phase I and Phase II
Awards
Small Business
Innovation Research Program
1988

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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH (SBIR) PROGRAM
For Fiscal Year 1988
PHASE I AWAEDEES
PROGRAM SOLICITATION
D800008M1
PHASE II AWARDEES
PROGRAM SOLICITATION
D800009M1
Prepared by
Office of Research and Development
Office of Exploratory Research
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460

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DTSCTATMER
This brochure has been reviewed and approved for publication in
accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy. Any
mention of trade names or commercial products in the brochure does not in
any manner constitute endorsement or recoomendation for its use.

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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 	 1
ABSTRACT OF PHASE I AWARDS	 2
Topic A Drinking Water Treatment 	 3
1. MEMBRANE FERVAFORATION FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
FROM DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES
Bend Research, Inc.
Bend, OR 97701	 3
2.	HEAVY METAL REMOVAL AT THE PPB LEVEL FROM CULINARY WATER
USING A NOVEL MACBOCYCLE-SILICA GEL DEVICE
IBC Advanced Technologies, Inc.
Orem, UT 84058 	 4
3.	IONIC SURFACES TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Ionic Atlanta-Alford and Rogers
Atlanta, GA 30309 	 4
Topic B Municipal and	Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Pollation
Control	 5
4.	REMOVAL OF ORGANIC SOLVENT CONTAMINANTS FROM INDUSTRIAL
EFFLUENT STREAMS BY PERVAFORATION
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
Menlo Park, CA 94025 	 5
5.	MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WITH ULTRAFILTRATION
Separation Processes, Inc.
Soloma Beach, CA 92075 	 6
6.	PROCESS MODIFICATION TO MINIMIZE TOXIC CHEMICAL GENERATION
IN VERMICULITE PROCESSING
Enoree Minerals Corporation
Laurens, SC 29360 	 6
Topic D Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal and Pollution Control . 7
7.	CHLORINATED PLASTICS SEPARATION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE
National Recovery Technologies, Inc.
Nashville, TN 37212 	 7
8.	INDUSTRIAL PAINT SLUDGE WASTE DISPOSAL
Procedyne Corporation
New Brunswick, NJ 08903 	 8
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9.	ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF WASTE PICKLING LIQUOR TO
RECOVER A HARMLESS SOLID AND ALL THE PICKLING ACID FOR
RECYCLE
F learning and Wickett
Issaquah, WA 98027 	 9
10.	A STAGED FLUID BED CONTRACTOR FOR THE ECONOMIC THERMAL
DESTRUCTION OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ON SOILS
Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc.
East Cambridge, MA 02141 	 9
11.	A HIGH EFFICIENCY TRIVALENT CHROMIUM BATH FOR HARD
CHROME PLATING
Electrochemical Innovations
Portland, OR 97217 	 10
12.	TECHNOLOGY FOR DETOXIFYING SOLID AND LIQUID ORGANIC
WASTES
Synlize, Inc.
Brookline, MA 02146 	 10
13.	CATALYTIC STABILIZED THERMAL COMBUSTION OF HAZARDOUS
ORGANICS
Precision Combustion, Inc.
New Haven, CT 06511 	 11
14.	CHLORINE CAPTURING DURING PYROLYSIS OF REFUSE-DERIVED
FUEL
Entropic Technologies Corporation
Lansing, MI 48933 	 12
15.	CONTAINMENT OF TOXIC WASTE BY IN SITU CONSTRUCTION OF
BARRIER WALL
Fluidyne Corporation
Auburn, WA 98002 	 12
16.	STABILIZATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
Environmental Pro tec i ton Polymers, Inc.
Hawthorne, CA 90250 	 13
Topic G Prorgftfl InRtnimmrhatlon for Improved Pollution Cnnt.ml . . 14
17.	RAPID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Bio-Metric Systems, Inc.
Eden Prairie, MN 55344 	 14
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18. FEASIBILITY OF AN INTEGRATED, CONTINUOUS PROCESS USING
AUTOMATIC INSTRUMENTATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSES TO
SEDUCE COSTS AND TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF PEAK
DETECTION AND POLLUTION CONTROL IN UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS
Production Monitoring and Control Co.
San Antonio, TX 78217 	 15
19.	LOW COST FIBER-OPTIC PROBE FOR ON-LINE EMISSION CONTROL
OF PARTICULATE LADEN FLOWS
Insitec
San Ramon, CA 94583 	 16
20.	NOVEL SENSORS FOR METAL-ION DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION
Bend Research, Inc.
Bend, OR 97701-8599 	 17
Topic H Air Pollution Contra!	 18
21.	Pt/Bh/Y-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA CATALYST FOR THE TREATMENT
OF AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST GAS
PCP Consulting & Research, Inc.
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 	 18
22.	COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL USING THE ELECTRON
BEAM PROCESS
Energy Sciences, Inc.
Woburn, MA 01801	 18
23.	RECOVERY OF ORGANIC SOLVENT VAPORS BY MEMBRANES
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
Menlo Park, CA 94025 	 19
24.	ADDITIVES FOR NQx EMISSIONS CONTROL FROM FIXED SOURCES
(PE-llOBs-88)
FSI Technology Company
Andover, MA 01810-7100 	 20
25.	MATERIALS FOR SELECTIVE ADSORPTION OF CARBON MONOXIDE
Technology Development Associates
Golden, CO 80401 . 		 20
ABSTRACT OF PHASE II AWARDS 	 22
Topic B Municipal and Industrial Wastgwatfyr Treatment and
Pollution Control 	 23
1. A PROCESS TO PRODUCE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS WITHOUT
GENERATING LIQUID OR SOLID WASTE
HI Electronics, Inc.
Burnsville, MI 55337 	 23
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2.	REMOVAL OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE-
WATER BY PERVAFORATION
Bend Research, Inc.
Bend, OR 97701-8599 	 24
Topic D Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal and Pollution Control . 24
3.	PROCESSING OF SPENT PETROLEUM RES ID DESULFURIZATION
CATALYST FOR VALUE RECOVERY AMD HAZARDOUS WASTE
ELIMINATION
Chemical & Metal Industries, Inc.
Denver, CO 80216 	 24
4.	A HYBRID FLUIDIZED BED INCINERATION FOR HAZARDOUS
WASTES CONTAINING METALS
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation
Irvine, CA 92718 	 25
5.	LIQUID WASTE MINIMIZATION AND DESTRUCTION USING THE
AL-CHEM DETOXIFIER
Al-Chem Fuels, Inc.
Dimaitt, TX 79027 	 26
Topic E Mitigation of Rnvlmnmfmtj.1 Pollution Problems	 27
6.	ALTERNATIVE MARINE COATINGS, AN ENVIRONMENTAL OPTION
Kross, Inc.
Hillsborough, NJ 08876 	 27
7.	ELUCIDATION OF PHOTOCATALYTIC PURIFICATION PROCESSES
FOR THE REMOVAL OF TCE AND METAL IONS FROM WATERS AT
SUPERFUND SITES
Photo-Catalytics, Inc.
Boulder, CO 80303 	 28
Topic F Air Pollution Onntml 	 29
8.	0N-B0AHD DIMETHYL ETHER GENERATION TO REDUCE METHANOL
FUELED VEHICLE HUSSION DURING COLD OPERATION
Technology Development Associates, Inc.
Golden, CO 80401 	 29
9.	REDUCTION OF DIESEL PARTICULATE BY ELECTROSTATIC
AGGLOMERATION, INTERNAL COLLECTION AND REBURNING
Hamilton Maurer International, Inc.
Houston, TX 77242-2320 	 29
10.	REDUCTION OF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY TOXIC AIR EMISSIONS
THROUGH THE USE OF A NOVEL VENT GAS SCRUBBER
Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
New Milford, CT 06776 	 30
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11.	REDUCED ENTRAINMENT PRECIPITATOR, PHASE II
ETS, Inc.
Roanoke, VA 24018 	 31
12.	A STUDY OF THE REGENERABILITY OF A UNIQUE NEW SORBENT
THAT REMOVES S02-N0x FROM FLUE GASES
Sanitech, Inc.
Twinsburg, OH 44087 	 32
ALFHEBETICAL LIST OF AWARDEES 	 34
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Small Business Innovation Research Program
This brochure contains abstracts of the 25 Phase I awards and 12
Phase II awards made in 1988 by the Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA) Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. The SBIR
Program funds high-risk research in EPA program areas that could lead to
significant opportunities and public benefits if the research is
successful.
The EPA SBIR Program encourages proposals in advanced application
areas in the field of environmental engineering and environmental
monitoring instrumentation, where it is directly connected to pollution
control processes. Objectives of the three-phased program, in addition
to supporting high-quality research, include stimulating technological
innovation, increasing the commercial applications of EPA supported
research, and improving the return on investment from Federally funded
research for its economic and social benefits to the nation.
The SBIR Program is highly competitive. In 1988, the SBIR Program
received 205 Phase I proposals which resulted in twenty-five awards.
Phase I provides up to $50,000 for six months to determine, as much as
possible within these limitations, whether the research idea appears
technically feasible, whether the small firm can do high-quality
research. If the project achieves these goals sufficiently, and excels
competitively, this then justifies larger government support. The Phase
I final report also serves as a base for follow-on funding commitment
discussions, as well as assisting in ascertaining success.
Phase II is the principal research effort for those projects that
appear most premising after the first phase and averages $150,000 for a
period of one to two years.
In 1987, EPA received 240 Phase I proposals which resulted in
twenty-four awards. Phase I provided up to $50,000 for six months. Fran
among this group of Phase I awards, EPA received twenty-four Phase II
proposals and, as earlier indicated, made twelve Phase II awards.
Phase III is the product (or process) development phase, and
involves follow-on non-Federal funding, such as from venture capital or
large industrial firms, to pursue potential commercial applications of
the government-funded research. No SBIR funds are provided in Phase III.
Walter H. Preston, Program Manager
Donald F. Carey, Science Advisor
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-7445

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ABSTRACT OF PHASE I AWARDS
SBIR
1988

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Topic A PrlnTting Water Trga+Jinsnt
1. MEMBRANE PERVAPORATION FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS FROM
DRINKING! WATER SUPPLIES
Bend Research, Inc.
64550 Research Road
Bend, OR 97701
503/382-4100
John M. Radovich, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 10	Amount: $49,944.00
Contamination of the nation s drinking water supplies by hazardous,
synthetic volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) is becoming a widespread
problem. This problem is of great concern with respect to contaminated
groundwater. Groundwater is the source of drinking water for about half
the nation. The EPA estimates that up to 20% of the drinking water that
comes from groundwater contains VOCs. Methods for removing VOCs from
groundwater that are cost-effective for many sizes of water treatment
plants must be developed. This study will evaluate the technical and
economic feasibility of using a membrane-based process—pervaporation—to
extract these VOCs from drinking water supplies. This technology
promises to be an innovative alternative to the expensive processes now
used that are based on packed-tower air stripping and granular activated-
carbon adsorption.
In membrane pervaporation," the dissolved VOCs are selectively
transported across a semipermeable membrane by permeation, followed by
evaporation. The investigators will screen membranes for their VOC-
removal efficiency and then construct a bench-scale test loop to
determine the VX-removal efficiency of the membrane pervaporation
process. Membrane pervaporation has the potential to be more energy-
efficient and to be significantly less costly than packed-tower air-
stripping or granular activated-carbon adsorption processes. The
investigators will use Phase I data to assess the economics of the
membrane-based pervaporation process for comparison with those of packed-
tower air-stripping and granular activated-carbon adsorption. They will
perform these analyses for relatively small-scale water treatment
systems, as the smaller-scale systems are the ones most likely to be
contaminated by VOCs, If the process appears technically and
economically feasible, the investigators will propose a Phase II
continuation with a pilot-scale demonstration unit and the ultimate goal
of Phase III commercialization.
Successful completion of this Phase I program would demonstrate the
technical and economic feasibility of membrane pervaporation processes
for removing VOCs from drinking water supplies. It would also clearly
demonstrate the membrane-based system's major advantages over the
commercially available packed-tower air-stripping and granular activated-
carbon adsorption systems. This membrane process has many potential
commercial water treatment applications. Specific commercial
applications related to the Phase I research include removal of VOCs from
contaminated drinking water supplies, aquiferB, industrial waste streams,
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reclaimed water, municipal wastewater, and the sites of hazardous
chemical spills.
2.	HEAVY METAL REMOVAL AT THE FPB LEVEL FROM CULINARY WATER USING A
NOVEL MACROCYCLE-SILICA GEL DEVICE
IBC Advanced Technologies, c/o Tronac, Inc.
1167 N. Industrial Park Road
Orem, UT 84057
801/224-8264
Bryon Tarbet, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 8	Amount: $50,000.00
It is desirable to have a method for efficient, cost effective, and
simultaneous removal of Fb(II), Ag (I), Cd(II) and Hg(II) from potable
water to levels well below their EPA limits. Such a method could be used
by both municipal water and waste treatment plants. The interaction of
the macrocycle tetraa2a-18-crown with the metals of interest is of
sufficient strength and selectivity to remove the metals from a potable
water matrix.. The innovation of the proposed research lies in the
ability to attach the macrocycle in a permanent bond to silica gel while
maintaining its complex ing abilities. Such a material can then be
incorporated in a colunmular system to accomplish the desired removal.
The feasibility of the bound macrocycle synthesis and removal procedure
will be shown in Phase I. In Phase II, the removal system will be
automated and tested on a pilot plant scale allowing for actual use in
the reduction of Ag (I), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Fb(II) in potable water and
waste streams to at least ppt levels.
Potential Benefits:
1.	System capable of removal of efficient and cost effective ppb
levels of Fb, Hg, Cd, and Ag from potable water and waste
streams to levels well below EPA limits; and
2.	Predictive methodology for deciding when other macrocycle
bonded silica gel columns can be used for toxic waste removal.
3.	IONIC SURFACES TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Ionic Atlanta-Alford and Rogers
1347 Spring Street
Atlanta, GA 30309
404/876-5166
Walter L. Bloom, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 4	Amount: $50,000.00
Bacteria induce many of the problems associated with public water
supply. The most serious and obvious are the medical problems associated
with water borne pathogens. In addition, taste, odor, color and
turbidity problems are sometimes caused by bacteria. Fouling and
corrosion are also caused by bacteria. Fouled water system components
promote development of protected or shielded consortia of bacteria which
decreases the effectiveness of chlorine (or other bactericides),
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periodically create excessive chlorine demand (whan sloughing off),
decrease the effectiveness and cost efficiency of the water system, and
greatly increases the rate of corrosion. Measures to control or
eliminate the build-up of biofilm will reduce chlorine requirements
thereby reducing the injection of known carcinogens to the drinking
water. Biofilm reduction or elimination will also enhance the effect of
other means of disinfection.
Ionic Surface layers integrated with the substrate offer the
possibility to "grow" surfaces with characteristics tailored to specific
combinations previously impossible. Key structural and operational
surfaces in pumps, well screens, valves, meters, and other plant
components can be fabricated to meet structural and corrosion resistance
requirements and to create surfaces to retard biofilm formation. Most of
the previous work in this area has been medical research to promote bio-
compatibility (acceptance of artificial joints). The theory of this
project is to promote bio-incompatibi1ity, meaning that the interface
between substrate and bacteria or fungi is incompatible with all
proliferation or survival. Four to six elements selected from the
periodic table will be deposited on the surface of selected substrates
then integrated with substrate surface by ion implantation. These
materials will be subjected to severe biofouling conditions, Biofouling
buildup and chemical microbial corrosion will measure bio-
incompatibility. The specific advantages of this process is to create
permanent surfaces integral with substrates and designed for specific
properties to be unacceptable for bacterial growth and corrosion.
Topic B Municipal and Industrial Wastewater	Treatment and Pollution
Control
4. REMOVAL OF ORGANIC SOLVENT CONTAMINANTS- FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT
STREAMS BY PERVAPORATION
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
1360 Willow Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
415/328-2228
J. Kaschemekat, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 9	Amount: $50,000
Organic solvent-containing effluent streams represent a serious
water pollution problem. The investigators will apply a new membrane
process called pervaporation to treat these streams. Pervaporation is
capable of selectively removing organic solvents, even in low concen-
trations, from -water. They have been developing this process for the
past three years, first in laboratory-scale spiral-wound modules and more
recently in small pilot units. The investigators have produced streams
in which the organic solvents are concentrated more than 300-fold above
their feed stream concentration. For example, more the 99% of the 1,1,2-
trichloroethane can be removed from a feed stream containing 3,000 ppro
solvent, producing a product stream containing more than 10 wt% 1,1,2-
trichloroethane. In this Phase I program, they will extend their work to
polluted effluent streams obtained from a number of industries, and will
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evaluate pervaporation as a treatmont method and assess the economic
viability of the process. The investigators will also examine a number
of practical issues, such as membrane fouling and membrane and module
stability. These issues will be addressed using model and real
industrial solutions. Based on these results, one or two of the most
promising pervaporation applications will be selected for further studies
in a Phase II program. The overall objective of the Phase II program
would be to field test a small prototype pervaporation unit with the
capability of treating 100 to 1,000 gal/day of feed water.
This process could find a wide application as an economical method
of removing low concentrations of organic solvents.
5.	MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER RECLAMATION WITH ULTRAFILTRATION
Separation Processes, Inc.
651 Fresca Street
Soloma Beach, CA 92075
619/755-9515
Richard G Sudak, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 9	Amount: $46,630.00
The program will develop an improved process for treatment and/or
reclamation of municipal wastewater. This will be done by development of
a spiral wound ultrafiltration element to reclaim secondary effluent or
to improve the quality of secondary effluent from inadequate, small
treatment plants. The spiral wound element is unique in that it will
incorporate a membrane that appears to have a much lower fouling rate
than other membranes such as cellulose acetate or polysulfone. In
addition, the element will utilize a brine spacer that eliminates
entrapment of solids which is the disadvantage of conventional brine
spacers. The membrane and elements will be characterized in the
laboratory and then tested in the field on secondary effluent for a two
month period. Successful completion of this program will demonstrate the
feasibility of a cost effective alternative in municipal wastewater
treatment and reclamation.
The improved process can be used alone or as pretreatment for
reverse osmosis in the recovery of municipal and industrial wastes or to
enhance the reliability and performance of existing wastewater treatment
plants. In addition, it could be used in conjunction with mobile water
treatment plants being developed by the U. S. Army.
6.	PROCESS MODIFICATION TO MINIMIZE TOXIC CHEMICAL GENERATION IN
VERMICULITE PROCESSING
Enoree Minerals Corporation
P.O. Box 289
Laurens, SC 29360
803/984-7648 or 803/969-9555
Walter D. Vess, Jr., Principal Investigator
EPA Region 4	Amount: $45,649.00
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In 1985, 947 billion gallons of water were contaminated with 1 4
billion pounds of chemical reagents in froth flotation separation of
industrial minerals in the United States. It is estimated that these
approximate quantities were also used in 1986 and 1987. Of this total,
approximately 42.2 million gallons of water were contaminated with 8.6
million pounds of chemical reagents in vermiculite froth flotation
separation.
This work will investigate magnetic separation techniques for
processing vermiculite in an effort to reduce and/or eliminate the
chemical reagents that are now required for froth flotation. The
objective of this research is to make a critical examination of the
state-of-the-art magnetic separation techniques in combination with
innovative processing techniques, and develop a new concept for
processing vermiculite that minimises the generation of toxic wastes.
This work could have a significant impact on reducing environmental
problems. It could also have a significant impact on the future of
vermiculite processing by creating a more cost effective position for the
United States in the world vermiculite market. The technology developed
in this work can serve as a new technology in other mineral industries.
Commercialization is projected in terms of the development of a cost
effective separation technology for vermiculite and the reduction of
toxic wastes. Suocess would mean major advances in reducing
environmental problems, and the development of a new separation
technology that could have application in other mineral industries.
Topic D Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal and Pollution Control
7. CHLORINATED PLASTICS SEPARATION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
National Recovery Technologies, Inc.
105 28th Avenue South
Nashville, TN 37212
615/329-9088
Edward J. Sommers, Jr., Principal Investigator
EPA Region 4	Amount: $49,897.00
Municipal solid waste (MSW) provides a waste fuel source having
potential recoverable energy of over 1.5 quads per year. Expanded use of
this fuel source through energy recovery incineration of MSW is
threatened by the presence of chlorine in MSW. Chlorine is a primary
factor in the formation of toxic chlorinated organics such as dioxins and
furans. Chlorine is also a major contributor to acid gas emissions from
municipal waste incinerators.
Studies indicate that chlorinated plastics such as PVC contribute up
to one-half of the total chlorine content in MSW while containing less
than 1% of the recoverable energy content of MSW. Separation of PVC's
from MSW prior to incineration would provide cleaner, less corrosive,
less toxic, and environmentally more acceptable incinerator emissions.
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There are presently no automated methods for the removal of FVC
plastics from municipal waste streams. Recent data from the National
Recovery Technologies (NET) Preburn materials recovery system indicates
that the NRT process removes up to one quarter of PVC's from MSW. One
objective of the proposed research is to determine feasibility for
utilising the NRT system as a FVC separator and determination of possible
modifications to the system which can improve its FVC separation
capabilities. Another objective is to determine feasibility for utilizing
x-rays and/or ultraviolet fluorescence techniques for development of a
separator specific to removal of FVC's from MSW and other industrial
waste streams.
It is anticipated that the Phase I research will establish feasi-
bility for Phase II development and Phase II application of a process for
systematically separating chlorinated plastics from MSW and other
industrial waste streams. The U.S. provides a potential market for over
1,000 municipal waste-to-energy facilities recovering approximately 1.5
quads of energy annually. Benefits from the research would be reduced
pollution from municipal incinerators, improved incinerator maintenance,
and recovery of FVC plastics for recycling.
8. INDUSTRIAL PAINT SLUDGE WASTE DISPOSAL
Procedyne Corporation
221 Somerset Street
New Brunswick, NJ 08903
201/249-8347
Jeet Bhatia, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 2	Amount: $49,771.00
Waste paint sludge is generated in large quantities by automobile,
appliance, and other manufacturers and a vast majority of it is being
disposed of in hazardous land fills.
Past efforts to dispose of this sludge in incinerators have met with
limited success. This hazardous waste stream generation is estimated at
480 million pounds per year.
The proposed Phase I program is to demonstrate technical
feasibility of an innovative two stage singe reactor fluid bed process
for the effective disposal of this waste stream. The invented process
consists of a modest temperature pyrolysis of the paint organics followed
by combustion of the organic vapors evolved in the freeboard of the fluid
bed. The higher temperature freeboard process provides the energy
requirements of the fluid bed pyrolysis process by radiation to the
surface of the fluid bed.
This process development, if successful, will provide a low cost,
energy efficient on site, reliable process for the disposal of industrial
paint sludge waste.
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Feasibility of the process will be determined by a Phase I program
involving heat transfer experiments, process calculations, pilot scale
tests, and analysis and characterisation of residues.
If successful, this project will solve a major waste disposal
problem for the automotive, appliance, and other manufacturing
industries, resulting in savings of $100,000 to $500,000 per year per
plant and total nationwide waste reduction of up to 480 million lbs/year
of hazardous waste from high production painting. Successful Phase I and
Phase II programs will result in installation of cost effective auto-
mated, compact, fluid bed systems to convert paint sludge waste to
energy. There is an expected market of $10,000,000 per year for these
units.
9.	ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF WASTE PICKLING LIQUOR TO RECOVER A
HARMLESS SOLID AND ALL THE PICKLING ACID FOR RECYCLE
Flemming and Wickett
P.O. Box 1300
Issaquah, WA 98027
206/392-9791
David M. Schroeder, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 10	Amount: $49,185.00
Waste Pickling Liquor is produced when acid is used to remove scale
from steel products. Typically it contains 10% acid and 5% iron in the
form of the ferrous salt of the acid used. It is produced in large
quantities. Its disposal is difficult and will become more so when the
planned total ban on deposition of liquids in land disposal sites becomes
effective.
An electrolytic process will be studied which will remove the iron
from the pickling liquor as a harmless solid, hydrated ferric oxide, and
permit the recycling of essentially all the acid charged to the pickling
process.
If sucoeseful, the electrolytic process will be used as the only
means of recovery when the production of pickling liquor is relatively
small. For larger operations it might be preceded by an evaporation or
freezing process which separates the unused acid from the iron salt. The
proposed process will then convert the hazardous and corrosive irpn salt
to a harmless solid, hydrated ferric hydroxide, and recover the acid
which had been used to form the salt.
10.	A STAGED FLUID BED CONTACTOR FOR THE ECONOMIC THERMAL DESTRUCTION
OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ON SOILS
Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc.
P.O. Box 215
East Cambridge, MA 02141
617/666-5500
James H. Porter, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 1	Amount: $50,000
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Tha cost for removing toxic chemicals from the soil with present
technology is enormous. In some cases, populations must be relocated and
many acre-feet of soil must be excavated and treated or stored in "safe"
storage facilities. Improved technology is needed to reduce clean-up
costs.
Ultimate removal of toxic chemicals should involve their chemical
alteration to non-toxic species. High temperature oxidation (thermal
destruction) is a known method for accomplishing this objective.
However, in the case of toxics adsorbed on soil in low concentrations,
large amounts of soil must be heated to high oxidation temperatures (1500
- 2000F in order to insure the destruction of the toxic chemicals. This
requires large amounts of auxiliary fuel to increase the enthalpy of the
soil mass, unless energy efficient thermal destruction processes are
developed. This proposal presents the concept of a staged fluid bed
contactor which is designed to minimize fuel requirements through
effective heat recovery while simultaneously providing the high
temperatures and residence times needed to insure toxic burnout.
It is anticipated that the successful completion of this research
will lead to the commercialisation of a Process Unit for the thermal
decontamination of soils at a cost in. the range of $1 per ton. The unit
can be designed as a. self-contained system and transported to sitea
containing soils contaminated with toxic chemicals The system offers a
large cost savings over current technologies available for soil
deocntaminat ion.
11.	A HIGH EFFICIENCY TRIVALENT CHROMIUM BATH FOR HARD CHROME PLATING
Electrochemical Innovations
313 North Hoiman
Portland, OR 97217
503/464-4222
John Dash, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 10	Amount: $39,468.00
A high efficiency plating bath with chromium present in the
trivalent state only has been developed in the laboratory for hard chrome
plating. This process will be tested on an industrial scale to determine
its acceptability for plating and its effectiveness in eliminating
hexavalent chromium from solid chromium plating wastes.
It is anticipated that this research will lead to a viable trivalent
chromium bath for hard chrome plating. Because of the improved
properties of the deposits and the environmental advantages, this process
has the potential to replace all existing hard chrome plating processes.
12.	TECHNOLOGY FOR DETOXIFYING SOLID AND LIQUID ORGANIC WASTES
Synliae, Inc.
1795 Beacon Street
Brookline, MA 02146
617/566-7865
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K. M. Vijayakumar, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 1
Amount: $60,000.00
In Phase I, research will be conducted to develop an approach for a
new cost-effective technology to mineralize a wide variety of toxic
organic compounds which occur in large amounts in solid and liquid
industrial wastes. This approach employs photopromoted solid-catalyzed
oxidative degradation to convert the toxic compounds to environmentally
compatible products, namely, 002 from chemically bound carbon and halide
ion from chemically bound halogen. Degradation will be accomplished by
dissolving or dispersing the wastes in water, adding a chemical reagent
and a catalyst, both of which are environmentally compatible, and
irradiating the catalyst with light which it absorbs. The classes of
pollutants to be investigated include polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
phenols, other aromatic compounds and halogenated hydrocarbons. Phase I
research will determine optimum conditions for degradation of examples of
the four classes of pollutants by studying the dispersion of pollutants
in aqueous reaction media by, e.g., detergent-promoted emulsification,
the nature and method of deployment of the catalyst, nature and
concentration of the oxidant, characteristics of incident light, and time
and temperature of reaction. Choices of conditions will be guided by
current concepts of photopromoted catalysis by semiconductors and ongoing
research on. such catalytic processes at Synlize, Inc. and elsewhere.
The anticipated results of work in Phases I and II are batch and
flow processes and associated equipment for mineralization of the
indicated classes of priority organic pollutants from liquid and solid
industrial wastes both In situ at industrial sources of the pollutants
and at central facilities for processing the wastes.
13. CATALYTIC STABILIZED THERMAL COMBUSTION OF HAZARDOUS OFGANICS
Precision Combustion, Inc.
25 Science Park
New Haven, CT 06511
203/786-5215
William C. Pfefferle, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 1	Amount: $50,000
An attractive potential alternative to current hazardous organics
incinerators is the catalytically stabilized thermal (CST) combustor.
Explored in the late 1970s (with EPA funding) as a combustion system to
eliminate gas turbine NQx emissions, the CST combustor uses catalytic
surface reactions to stabilize gas phase combustion, combining high gas
phase reaction rates with the lean burn capability of catalysts. EPA-
funded test results using conventional fuels have demonstrated - that the
plug flow CST combustor, compared to conventional (backmixed) combustors,
is capable of operating at higher efficiency, with greater stability, at
leaner fuel/air mixtures and with unsurpassed CO,NQx, soot and unburned
hydrocarbon emissions. Recent work at Yale University has shown that the
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CST corabustor can achieve high destruction levels o£ a mathly chloride
with very low residence time and high flame stability. The implications
for incineration include lower capital costs, lower operating costs,
increased safety of operation, plus a lower minimum economic sise.
Compared to current backmixed gas phase incinerators, the
investigators preliminary results indicate that the plug flow CST
combustor will exhibit lower residence time, higher flame stability,
higher destruction effectiveness, lower operating costs, and much lower
capital costs. Gaseous and liquid wastes can be burned directly and PCI
believes solid waste burning CST systems will be feasible. Commercial
applications include current thermal destruction challenges plus new
markets arising from advantageous economics, including the increased
destruction of contaminated gases and increased on-site destruction.
14.	CHLORINE CAPTURING DURING FYROLYSIS OF REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL
Entropic Technologies Corporation
120 North Washington Square, Suite 1000
Lansing, MI 48933
517/482-7049
Noel F. Merma, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 5	Amount: $49,800.00
The chlorine content of carbonaceous char derived from the pyrolytic
conversion of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is higher than that of conven-
tional coal. The proposed research will determine if this chlorine can
be "captured" during the pyrolytic conversion by the addition of CA(0H)2
or NaQH, and the extent to which it can be "captured". The research will
identify the relationship between the amount of chlorine removal and: 1)
the alkali/RDF ratio, 2) quantity added and method of distributing the
alkali, and 3) the composition of the RDF.
The results of Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of removing
chlorine during pyrolyaie of RDF in the laboratory. The results of Phase
II will demonstrate the feasibility of chlorine removal using a twin-
screw prototype extruder of the type proposed for commercial application.
From this will come sufficient data to engineer the removal of chlorine
in the commercial scale pyrolysis unit. The successful completion of
this research will facilitate the deployment of an environmentally
superior waste disposal system costing less than half as nuch as mass
incineration alternatives.
15.	CONTAINMENT OF TOXIC WASTE BY IN SITU CONSTRUCTION OF BARRIER WALL
Fluidyne Corporation
28 37th Street, NE
Auburn, WA 98002
206/939-9098
Gene G. Yie, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 10	Amount $49,500.00
The containment of toxic materials already buried in the ground and
the construction of new disposal sites are difficult tasks. In both
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cases, there is tha need for vertical and horizontal barrier walls in the
ground that are known to be difficult and expensive to construct with
currently-available technologies. Fluidyne proposes to construct such
barrier walls with a novel one-step process that involves the use of
high-pressure water jets and simultaneous injection of cement powder and
other additives to generate slurry Jets. The slurry jet or Jets are
manipulated in the ground by moving the nozzle in a prescribed manner so
as to create cavities of desired geometries. The slurry jet will be
thoroughly mixed with the soil materials and left to solidify after a
prescribed time period. By virtue of the demonstrated material-cutting
capabilities of slurry jets generated with Fluidyne"s proprietary
nozzles, the creation of cavities in the ground can be assured and the
deposition of cement grout can be controlled with precision that was
heretofore impossible.
The proposed program is expected to yield results that show the
unique capabilities of Fluidyne's abrasive waterJet technology. The
results are expected to demonstrate that the technology has the
potential to create in-situ formation of barrier walls in the ground for
containing buried wastes. When successfully developed, the process will
have many commercial applications in soil stabilization, underground
water control, foundation construction and maintenance! shoring, and
excavation.
16. STABILIZATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
Environmental Protection Polymers, Inc.
13414 Prairie Avenue
Hawthorne, CA 90250
213/970-9100
Samuel Unger, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 9	Amount: $49,083.00
This proposal addresses a vital need in toxic wastes management,
which is the stabilization of sludges holding organic pollutants. Such
sludges require stabilization for compliance to regulatory guidelines for
final disposal In a secure landfill. For this purpose, present
technology is not suitable because hydraulic fixatives cocmonly employed
for toxic wastes stabilization are incompatible with organic pollutants.
It is preferable to eliminate sludges holding organic pollutants by
incineration and other means rather than stabilize them for final
disposal. But elimination entails processes that are not employable in
every case. Logistical conditions may make them expensive to carry out.
Admixed with water, organic pollutants are not cost-effective candidates
for combustion. And halogenated and metaled organic compounds are
technically difficult to combust and may yield toxic residues.
In this investigation, the following approach to stabilization of
sludges containing organic pollutants will occur. First, the sludge
will be solidified and formed into particles. Next, the resulting
particles will be embedded in thermosetting polybutadiene resin yielding
agglomerates, and finally the agglomerates will be encapsulated in high-
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density polyethylene. The process yields modules of wastes, each 48-
gallons in volume, consisting of a core of agglomerated contaminants in
high concentration, encapsulated by 1/4 inch polyethylene resin. Modules
fabricate readily and cost-effectively. The benefits are that
contaminants are rendered safely manageable by conventional bulk product
management techniques, compacted for cost-effective transport and final
disposal, stabilised to withstand delocalization stresses in a landfill
and readily retrievable if that option became necessary or desirable.
A laboratory demonstration will be carried out in Phase I to show
feasibility of the technical approach to manage organic pollutants. With
successful demonstration on a bench-scale, a pilot plant study will be
proposed in Phase II to obtain data for producing full-size modules
holding organic pollutants. In this respect, a prototype apparatus
fabricated under Department of Energy (DOE) sponsorship for managing low-
level radioactive wastes is employable, and it would be made available by
DOE for pilot plant studies of organic pollutants management.
The investigators' process is significant in view of forthcoming
Federal and state regulations recommending organic waste stabilization
and solidification for final disposal in the earth. Organic waste
sludges that cannot be destroyed must be stabilized effectively prior to
their disposal. With completion of Phase I and Riase II, the process
will stabilize sludges and other intractable toxic wastes. One of its
important features is management of many waste types without need for
process adjustments." The process will secure residues from operations
such as incineration, toxic waste concentration, and contaminant
isolation as well as management of sludges holding organic pollutants.
Topic G Prop_gflfl Tn«t-rinT»>nt-»tlon for Improved Pollution Control
17. RAPID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Bio-Metric Systems, Inc.
9924 West 74th Street
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
612/829-2700
Peter H. Duquette, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 5	Amount: $50,000.00
Monitoring environmental samples for various pesticides and other
hazardous chemicals has become necessary in order to protect the populace
from the carcinogenic and toxic effects of these materials. There is
considerable concern regarding the possibility of the materials becoming
incorporated in foods and in water supplies destined for human
consumption. Since the costs of doing environmental analyses are very
high and many contaminated sites,exist, it become imperative to develop
new technology for this need.
A variety of methods are available for determining possible toxic
chemical contamination in food, water, and biological fluids. However,
most of the assays (such as gas chromatography (GC) or high pressure
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liquid chromatography (HPLC)) require trained personnel, expensive
equipment, a laboratory setting, and are quite slow in determining if
contamination is present.
The investigators propose to develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
which will be useful as a screen for the detection of low concentrations
of environmental contaminants in food and water supplies. The assay is
simple, fast (less than ten minutes), non-instrumented, and thus easily
portable for field use.
The proposed enzyme immunoassay should have a performance comparable
to other assay methods (e.g., GC, HPLC) for environmental contaminants,
but be fast, portable, and simple to use. The assay format is adaptable
for the ultrasensitive detection of biological Agent materials, toxins,
drugs, and other biologically active materials in the environment or
physiological fluids.
18. FEASIBILITY OF AN INTEGRATED, CONTINUOUS PROCESS USING AUTOMATIC
INSTRUMENTATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSES TO REDUCE COSTS AND TO
INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF PEAK DETECTION AND POLLUTION CONTROL IN
UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
Production Monitoring and Control Co.
8620 North New Braunf els, Suite 308
San Antonio, TX 78217
512/821-3794
William W. Dunn, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 6	Amount: $49,462.00
Over the last several years, the EPA has devoted major efforts to
identify and document the magnitude of the risks of environmental
pollution due to leaking underground storage tanks (UST). In April 1987,
the EPA published the proposed regulations for the owners and operators
of UST, which are expected to be finalized in early 1988. These
regulations include requirements for tank tightness tests, daily
inventory control procedures and strict financial responsibilities. The
financial implications to service station owners are significant.
The advanced concept to be evaluated for its feasibility in this
Phase I effort is an innovative, cost effective combination of an
improved inventory control system, improved instrumentation for
automatic tank gaging and a comprehensive statistical model. The model
accounts for all applicable error sources in each transaction into or out
of the underground tank in real-time, cm a continuous basis. With the
improved system and instrumentation, the data from a non-leaking tank and
piping system will always fall within a relatively narrow statistical
band. However, a leak will appear as a bias, over time, to the lower
side of the error band, with the magnitude of the bias directly related
to the size of the leak.
The project objectives are designed to demonstrate the feasibility
and the accuracy of the system to provide tank and piping leak detection
to EPA and NFPA standards, on a continuous basis, while providing the
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advantages of automatic gauging and continuous inventory control.
Specific technical objectives consider each element of the system.
If the feasibility of the concept is demonstrated, then the system
will offer station owners an integrated sensor package with
microprocessor control that meets the EPA proposed regulations for both
inventory control, tank tightness testing, and piping leak detection on a
continuous basis. It removes human gauging errors, accurately accounts
for tank truck deliveries, provides security against theft and allows
centralized monitoring, by phone lines or radio, of individual service
stations.
The cost implications are so low that the older service station
owners could amortize the cost in approximately one year and provide cost
savings thereafter.
19. LCW COST FIBER-OPTIC PROBE FOR ON-LINE EMISSION CONTROL OF
PARTICULATE LADEN FLOWS
Insitec
2110 Omega Road, Suite D
San Ramon, CA 94583
Donald J. Holve, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 9	Amount'. $49,910.00
Low cost, remote sensing of particle-laden process streams requires
continuing instrumentation development to meet the needs of fossil energy
and other industrial applications. Particulate emissions control which
is consistent with process optimization is highly dependent on the
entering particle size distribution and concentration. On-line analysis
and feedback control development will permit integrated automatic control
of these industrial processes.
The specific motivation for this work is based on the need for
simple, low cost instruments for "set-point" control of industrial
processes. Such instruments could provide an integrated type of
measurement that represents an overall process and emissions summary. A
large number of these low-cost, fiber-optic-based probes can be
multiplexed into a single signal processor and computer system which
periodically interrogates all probes. The integrated measurement can
then be used in a feedback control system to 1) maintain steady process
conditions around an empirically determined optimum condition or 2) to
detect undesirable process and emissions conditions. For dense flows,
the instrument can be configured to handle ensemble scattering in either
forward or backscatter configurations. Ensemble (many scatterersj
techniques have the advantage of fast time response and can be used in
steady state or transient processes.
The end result of Phase I and II is the development of a commercial
instrument for low-cost, remote sensing of particle-laden streams. An
on-line, in situ particle measurement device will have applications in
the analysis of a wide range of gas and liquid streams: monitoring
absolute levels of solids transport in process and cleanup systems, and
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monitoring high temperature and pressure combustion systems. Studies of
particulate erosion in gas turbines also require a fast, in situ
measurement technique. Other areas of potential application include
remote sensing of particulates in radioactive environments and on-line
monitoring and control of particle size distributions for powder
metallurgy.
20. NOVEL SENSORS FOR METAL-ION DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION
Bend Research, Inc.
64550 Research Road
Bend, OR 97701-8599
503/382-4100
David J. Edlund, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 10	Amount: $42,229.00
Metals and metal complexes play an important role in many industrial
processes. Due to the widespread and large-scale use of metals,
monitoring their presence in waste streams and controlling their levels
of discharge into the environment are difficult and costly tasks—tasks
that are all the more important given the toxicity of many commonly used
metals. Currently available sensor technology for on-site metal -ion
detection is limited to ion-selective electrodes (ISE)—fragile, slow,
high-maintenance devices that are susceptible to interference and
fouling. The alternative is expensive and time-consuming off-site
laboratory analysis. The techniques at hand are clearly not adequate for
addressing the problem.
As a new means of meeting this challenge, this research will attempt
to develop thin-film sensors that can be chemically "tuned" selectively
for each of the following toxic-metal ions: Cr3+, CrB+, Cd2+ and Ba2+.
Since there are no commercially available sensors for Cr3+, Cr®+, and
Ba2+, and since the current technology for remote detection of Cd2+ is
inadequate, the sensors to be developed in this program should find wide
application in pollution monitoring and control.
Preliminary indications are that analyte-sens it ive thin-film sensors
can be made to be very sensitive and selective for Cr3+, Cr®+, Cd2+ and
Ba2+. These sensors, once developed, will find application in feedback-
control loops for the prevention of excessive discharge of toxic metal
ions into the environment and in monitoring the metal-ion concentration
in industrial processes to aid in recycling and resource-recovery
efforts. These sensors can also provide early warning of groundwater
contamination.
Success in Phase I would lead to a Phase II program under which the
investigators would propose to 1) produce early-entry products for the
most promising applications) identified in Phase I, and 2) pursue more-
extensive R&D efforts for additional metal-ion species, with the aim of
attaining working prototypes. Two potential Phase III partners have
already expressed interest in full-scale commercialization potential.
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Topic H Air Pn] ltrHrm Hon-hml
21.	Pt/Rh/Y-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA CATALYST FOR THE TREATMENT OF
AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST GAS
PCP Consulting & Research, Inc.
P.O. Box 5943
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
809/882-0869
Partha Sarathi Ganguli, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 2	Amount: $49,990.00
The cost of platinum and rhodium in the three-way catalyst accounts
for a major fraction of the cost associated with the treatment of
automotive exhaust. Therefore, striving to achieve a higher level of
pollutant removal by increasing the platinum and rhodium contents in the
three-way catalyst is not economically attractive. In this research, an
alternative method for achieving a higher level of pollutant removal is
proposed, in which by using yttria-stabiliaed-zirconia (YSZ) as the
support material, instead of alumina used at the present time, the
activity of the three-way catalyst can be nearly doubled. In Phase I of
the proposed study, the magnitude of the beneficial effects of YSZ as a
support material will be studied. Phase II of the study will be devoted
to the development of a converter in the form of a washcoated layer of
YSZ on a conrdierite monolith, with the platinum and rhodium crystallites
deposited in the YSZ layer.
It is anticipated that this work will lead to the development of an
improved three-way catalyst for the treatment of automobile exhaust. The
catalyst will achieve a substantially higher level of pollutant removal
for the same concentration of active metals. Further-more, the oxygen-
ion conducting support, which is responsible for the enhanced performance
of the new catalyst, will be used only sparingly, Consequently, the new
catalyst will cost essentially the same as the currently-used three-way
catalysts. Hence, the new catalyst is expected to be readily marketable.
22.	COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL USING THE ELECTRON BEAM PROCESS
Energy Sciences, Inc.
8 Gill Street
Woburn, MA 01801
617/935-8020
Kenneth E. Williams, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 1	Amount: $49,642.00
In this research, an electron beam process will be investigated
which has the potential to destroy toxic molecules such as dioxins,
furans, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons produced, for example, by
the incineration of municipal solid waste.
Some isomers of these compounds are highly toxic; therefore, the
work will be accomplished using non-toxic model compounds exhibiting
chemical functional groups similar to the compounds they simulate.
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Since 3G0kV, 300mA electron beam accelerators manufactured by Energy
Sciences already have been used in a 20,000Nm3/hr pilot facility to
remove both SO2 and NO*, the objective of this research is to determine
if radicals produced by energetic electron interaction with a background
gas (02, H2O) will either: 1) disrupt the weakest bonds of the model
compound; or 2) abstract atoms from the model compounds to form stable,
smaller, non-toxic molecules, or 3) form non toxic compounds through
electron beam induced reactions with chemical additives.
The formation of non-toxic molecules by this process would indicate
toxic compounds could be removed from combustion flue gases (without
subsequently depositing than in the solid effluent removed by electro-
static precipitators fabric filters).
Therefore, positive results of this proposed research would provide
the impetus to optimise the electron beam process resulting in a
significant environmental control technology capable of removing not only
toxic organic compounds but also SO2, NOx, HC1 and HF as well.
This method could be used as a pollution control system for new or
retrofit incinerator facilities requiring the removal of S02, NOx, HC1,
HF, dioxins, furaxis, PAH and other products of incomplete combustion.
23. RECOVERY OF ORGANIC SOLVENT VAPORS BY MEMBRANES
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
1360 Willow Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
415/328-2228
J. G. Wij marts, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 9	Amount: $50,000.00
Organic vapor-laden industrial airstreams are a growing pollution
problem and a waste of resources. The methods now available for treating
these airstreams are inadequate, especially where chlorofluorocarbon
solvents are involved. The use of membranes to recover organic vapors
from contaminated air has been studied at Membrane Technology and
Research, Inc. since 1982, and they have completed laboratory tests of a
one-module bench-scale system. The goal of the proposed program is to
tackle the systems design and engineering problems related to scaling up
to a commercial system. The project will also provide field data on
system reliability, efficiency and economics, that will show the
advantages of membrane-based systems compared to competitive technologies
such as carbon absorption, incineration, and condensation. In the Phase
I program, the investigators will use an existing module test unit to
study solvent vapor streams modeled on those found at collaborating host
plants. Based on these studies, the most premising field site will be
selected and a pilot system designed. In the Phase II program, this
pilot system would be constructed and evaluated in the laboratory and in
the field.
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The most promising initial commercial applications of a membrane
vapor recovery system are chlorofluorocarbon recovery from degreasing
plants and foam blowing plants, and recovery from concentrated streams
generated from the chlorofluorocarbon manufacturing process. In the long
term, however, membrane-based systems could find application in many
other industries where solvent recovery is desirable.
24.	ADDITIVES FOR NQx EMISSIONS CONTROL FROM FIXED SOURCES (PE-U0B*-88)
PSI Technology Company
Research Park, P.O. Box 3100
Andover, MA 01810-7100
617/455-9030
David 0. Ham, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 1	Amount: $49,984.00
Several exhaust gas NOx abatement processes exist based on
heterogeneous reaction of a reduced nitrogen containing additive such as
NHs. These existing processes are not adequate to meet proposed NO*
emissions regulations for most retrofit power plant stacks and
incinerators. The investigators propose to test combinations of
additives and catalysts that have the potential to lead to a new process
of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) type that can fill this need.
In commercially available SCR processes almost half of the revenue
required is for the cost of catalyst replacement. By using a more
reactive additive, a simpler and, therefore, longer lived, less expensive
catalyst may be used to provide a preferred process.
The investigators proposed Phase I project consists of fixed bed
additive/catalyst screening tests and subsequent entrained flow tests of
promising candidate combinations. the data acquired from these tests
will establish the feasibility of our approach and provide necessary data
for the design of a bench scale prototype in a Phase II program.
Success of this proposed research program would lead to development
of a more economical, more compact NOx emissions control process for
application to post combustion, exhaust gas streams. The proposed
project would emphasize development of such a process for application in
ducts of coal-fired power plants and incinerator exhaust gases.
25.	MATERIALS FOR SELECTIVE ADSORPTION OF CARBON MONOXIDE
Technology Development Associates
1667 Cole Boulevard #400
Golden, CO 80401
303/238-3016
Kevin Wilson, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 8	Amount: $50,000.00
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by
the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It is a significant
outdoor and indoor air pollutant. Automobiles are the major source of
outdoor carbon monoxide, and it is emitted at the highest rate during the
first few minutes when the catalytic converter is not active. Major
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sources o£ indoor pollution are appliances and cigarettes.
Concentrations in enclosed spaces such as enengy efficient homes and
buildings and aircraft cabins can be high because of the reduced air
circulation rate.
The purpose of this study is to develop materials which selectively
adsorb carbon monoxide at low temperatures, and release it at high
temperatures. Such materials could reduce emissions during cold
operation of automobiles by trapping carbon monoxide in the exhaust and
holding it until the catalyst has reached operating temperature. In
closed environments, the adsorbent would concentrate the carbon monoxide
so that it can be more efficiently removed or oxidized. Several
different carbon monoxide adsorbing materials will be fabricated and
tested for adsorption capacity, selectivity, and stability, and an
applications analysis will be conducted to determine the most promising
applications for these materials.
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ABSTRACT OF PHASE II AWARDS
SBIR
1988
22

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Topic fi Municipal and Industrial	Wastewater	Treatment and Pollution
Control
1. A PROCESS TO PRODUCE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS WITHOUT GENERATING
LIQUID OR SOLID WASTE
BH Electronics, Inc.
12219 Wood Lake Drive
Burnsville, MI 55337
612/894-9590
Donovan E. McGee, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 5	Amount: $150,000.00
Over 25 billion gallons of waste water are produced each year as by-
products of circuit board production. Wastes including copper, lead,
nickel, chromium, dissolved organics, acids and caustics as well as
chlorinated solvents must be treated and disposed of or recycled.
Compliance with anti-pollution regulations has become extremely costly
and increasingly complex.
A technique for eliminating the waste problem at its source will be
the subject of this research. This new method of printed circuit
manufacture eliminates wet-processing and consequently the generation of
hazardous waste.
Though the process is totally different from any currently used, it
does not require the invention of any new technology. It incorporates a
series of processes, all of which are currently used in other
applications. They simply have never been put together in this fashion
or for this purpose.
Circuit boards manufactured by this process will be of the same
materials and will function the same as those manufactured by the current
processes. Therefore, they will not require any changes in assembly or
use.
The process, once proven and put into commercial use, is so
efficient and clean that it can eliminate 50% of the waste generation by
the printed circuit industry within five years.
Phase II
Optimize process, design, assemble and demonstrate a prototype
printed circuit board processor to produce single-sided printed
circuit boards in a single pass through the machine.
Phase III
Develop plans for a printed circuit board printer to produce double
sided and maltilayer printed circuit boards that incorporates a
replacement for plated-through hole technology.
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COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Provide equipment to original equipment manufacturers and printed
circuit producers for prototype circuits and small and large
production.
2.	REMOVAL OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY
PERVAFORATION
Bend Research, Inc.
64550 Research Road
Bend. OR 97701-8599
503/382-4100
Roderick J. Ray, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 10	Amount: $149,954.00
The removal of organic contaminants from wastewaters is a key aspect
of this country's pollution-control effort. However, conventional treat-
ment systems are complicated and expensive. In their Phase I program,
the investigators developed a novel pervaporation membrane and
demonstrated the feasibility of using it to separate a feed stream
contaminated with organics into a purified-water stream and a concentrate
containing virtually all of the organics. They also designed a new type
of hybrid process that incorporates this pervaporation membrane. A
preliminary economic analysis of this system indicates that the total
treatment cost will be at least five times less than that associated with
conventional solvent extraction. In the proposed Phase II program, they
will optimise this pervaporation membrane, incorporate it into low-cost
membrane modules, and demonstrate the technology on actual wastewater
streams in the field. Based on the success of the demonstration, the
investigators expect to raise the capital necessary to commercialize the
technology.
The pervaporation membrane developed here and the hybrid system
design conceived during this program will allow organic contaminants to
be removed from wastewaters more efficiently and economically. This new
technology will produce a clean-water stream and a stream concentrated in
the organic contaminants. This concentrated stream can be disposable
or, perhaps reusable. Furthermore, once this process is developed, it
could be adapted for a broad range of uses, such as 1) the removal of
organic contaminants from many other wastewaters and groundwaters, 2) the
clean-up of toxic wastes, and 3) the recovery of products from various
bioprocesses.
Topic D Solid and Hazardous Waste nipmoRal and Pollution Cnrtrol
3.	PROCESSING OF SPENT PETROLEUM RESID DESULFURIZATION CATALYST FOR
VALUE RECOVERY AND HAZARDOUS WASTE ELIMINATION
Chemical & Metal Industries, Inc.
4701 Dahlia Street
Denver, CO 80216
303/320-6151
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Itsvid Hyatt, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 8
Amount: $150,000.00
The amount of spent hydrotreating catalyst requiring disposal is
expected to double by 1994 to about 56 million pounds with the portion
due to the hydro-desulfurination of petroleum residual oils (RDS
Catalyst) tripling to 30 million lb/yr. The treatment and disposal of
these materials is of immediate concern within the petroleum industry and
environmental community due to the amount anticipated, its pyrophoric
nature and the presence of leachable heavy metals, hydrocarbons and
sulfides. Present law mandates that all hazardous wastes, with certain
specified and limited exceptions, be banned from land disposal by
November 18, 1989.
The Phase I effort has verified the technical feasibility of a
process to recover all of the metals (Al, V, Mo, Co, Ni) from spent RDS
catalyst in a manner which eliminates any hazardous waste considerations.
Products of the process include aluminum sulfate solution, ammonium
metavanadate, ammonium di- or hepta- molybdate and cobalt and nickel
sulfates. The waste from the process is nonhazardous and amounts to less
than ten percent of the original spent catalyst feed. It consists
primarily of coke and silica contained in the spent catalyst. Both the
U.S. government and industry recognise waste reduction and resource
recovery as the most desirable method of hazardous waste management.
A preliminary economic analysis based on the Phase I effort
indicated a return on investment of about 28X for a plant treating 10,000
tons per year of spent RDS catalyst. The fixed capital investment for
the plant is estimated at 13-15 million dollars.
A successful Phase II effort will result in an optimized process,
proven on a pilot plant scale, and will provide all the necessary data
for confident, commercialization. This commercial process will convert
spent petroleum hydrotreating catalysts into marketable forms of alumium,
molybdenum, and strategic elements in an energy-conserving manner, while
solving the hazardous waste disposal problem presently associated with
spent petroleum residual oil desulfurization.
Phase II will develop the engineering and economic data needed to
construct a commercial facility and will demonstrate the process
necessary to obtain the outside support required for commercialization.
It will also generate product samples needed to evaluate their real value
and marketability.
4. A HYBRID FLUIDIZED BED INCINERATION FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES CONTAINING
METALS
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation
18 Mason
Irvine, CA 92718
714/859-8851
William Randall Seeker, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 9	Amount: $149,931.00
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Incineration is an attractive and increasingly used approach for
destroying hazardous wastes. However, hazardous waste very often
contain metals and conventional hazardous waste incinerators and air
pollution control devices cannot prevent the atmospheric emission of
metals-containiiig submicron particulate formed daring incineration. The
proposed solution is a new incineration concept, called "The Hybrid
Fluidized Bed Incinerator," (HFBI) which combines a conventional
incinerator with a fluidized bed. The fluidized bed contains a sorbent
for capturing metals while at the same time, effectively destroying any
toxic organic compounds which may have bypassed the conventional
incinerator. The objectives of the proposed research aire to use a bench-
scale HFBI to verify that organic hazardous wastes can be destroyed at
very high efficiency in the HFBI, determine the extent of metals capture
for a range of sorbents and volatile toxic metals, and demonstrate that
the metals can be encapsulated in glassy, non-leachable, compounds formed
within the fluidized bed. To accomplish this, controlled amounts of a
flux will be added to the fluidized bed to promote formation of a "tacky"
glassy-phase. The spent, metals-loaded sorbent will be tested to ensure
that the metals are non-leachable.
Successful completion of this project would result in an improved
incineration process for disposing of hazardous wastes containing metals.
The HFBI should have a much greater tolerance to non-optimal operating
conditions than conventional incinerators, and have much lower emission
of toxic metals. As such, the HFBI can increase the application of
incinerators for destroying hazardous waste. Because of the propensity
of the fluidized bed to capture metals, another important area of
application for the fluidized bed portion of the HFBI will be to replace
after burners in conventional incineration systems, which otherwise would
emit submicron sized fumes of volatile toxic metals. Based on the amount
of hazardous waste generated annually in the U.S., a conservative
estimate of the potential commercial application of the HFBI was made.
Assuming that a typical HFBI would process 1,000 tons/yr of hazardous
waste, a market of 1,800 to 3,000 HFBI units is envisioned.
5. LIQUID WASTE MINIMIZATION AND DESTRUCTION USING THE AL-CHEM
DETOXIFIER
Al-Chem Fuels, Inc.
P.O. Box 60
Dimmitt, TX 79027
806/647-5222
Richard W. Tock, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 6	Amount' $150,000.00
The Al-Chem Detoxifier represents new technology for liquid waste
minimization and/or destruction. The process, patented by Al-Chem Fuels,
Inc., utilizes a submerged electrical transfer arc to destroy hazardous
organic compounds The hazardous material may be a homogeneous liquid,
or a multicomponent solution in either a liquid organic or aqueous phase.
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Small-scale and pilot-sized experiments have shown that hazardous
organic compounds are converted to innocuous gaseous products and thermal
blacks by a process of fast thermal pyrolysis arising from the elevated
temperatures of the electrical arc. The gas produced appears to be free
of acid gases except for carbon dioxide, while the thermal blacks appear
to be inert condensed hydrocarbons.
This phase of the research project will focus on developing a full-
scale unit for field testing. Also, on a more fundamental scale, a
chemical technique to reduce the mass of thermal black formed will be
sought. Moreover, multiphase low frequency electrical potentials will be
tested. Product gases and solids formed are to be more thoroughly tested
for toxic constituents.
This phase of the project will attempt to demonstrate the overall
efficiency of the Al-Chem Detoxifier for small-scale liquid hazardous
waste destruction and minimization.
Small-scale is defined as 8 liter/hr to 80 liter/hr (50 to 500
gal/day). The hazardous liquid wastes may consist of mixed organic
solvents, chlorinated hydrocarbons, emulsions or agrichemicals,
electroplating wastewater, etc. Efficiency of operation will be based on
removal efficiency and overall economics.
Topic E Mitigation of Environmental Pollution Problems
6. ALTERNATIVE MARINE COATINGS, AN ENVIRONMENTAL OPTION
Kross, Inc.
146 Flanders Drive
Hillsborough, NJ 08876
201/359-1367
Thomas M. Kenyhercs, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 2	Amount: $150,000.00
Current marine antifouling coatings rely either on the activity of
copper (I) oxide or tributyltin complexes, either polymer bound or freely
associated in a rosin/vinyl matrix, to inhibit or limit sessile fouling.
A major limitation to these coatings is the relatively high
concentrations of volatile organic compounds necessary to solubilised the
rosin/vinyl matrix; usually 40-60% by volume. Federal legislation is
directed toward prohibiting or restricting the amount of antifoulant
entering the biosphere and foodchain, the exposure of workers to organic
solvents and the creation of photochemical smog from the photodegradation
of the volatile organic compounds.
The investigators propose to develop an environmentally acceptable,
long-lived antifouling system based upon: 1) the evaluation of a new
generation of selective organic biocidal agents and 2) the application of
high solids coatings for either drydock or emergency underwater repair
situations. The use of novel biocidal agents coupled to organic
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solvents, provides decided advantages over existing coating's for all
marine craft. The investigators will evaluate the selected formulations
under dynamic conditions in Biscayne Bay, Florida, Galveston Bay, Texas,
and Clear Lake/Houston, Texas.
The goal of this research is to demonstrate the commercial
feasibility of using selected biocidal agents, possibly coupled to
existing inorganic compounds, in a high solids formulation to produce an
environmentally acceptable, long-lived antifouling " marine coating. The
protective coating system would be of considerable benefit to the
military, maritime and leisure craft sectors' of the economy and would
have significant commercial potential.
7. ELUCIDATION OF FHOTOCATALYTIC PURIFICATION PROCESSES FOR THE REMOVAL
OF TCE AND METAL IONS FROM WATERS AT SUPERFUND SITES
Photo-Catalytics, Inc.
755 South 42nd Street
Boulder, CO 80303
303/499-4406
Gerald Cooper, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 8	Amount: $150,000.00
Trichlorethylene (TCE) is the most frequently found contaminant at
National Priority List (NPL) Sites. In the Phase I investigation, the
rapid destruction of 100PPM TCE in waters derived from sampling wells of
a Superfund Site was demonstrated utilizing the equivalent UV radiation
present at one Sun intensity. In one of the waters, TCE destruction was
anomalously slow and photocatalyst deactivation was premature. This was
attributed to the photoelectroplating of chromium or heavy metals onto
the photocatalyst powder. This effect can be used to advantage for the
removal of toxic metal ions and organics from water. The proposed Phase
II study will comprehensively investigate the photocatalytic
decomposition of various concentrations of TCE in the presence of the
metal ions Pb+2( Cd+Z, Cu+2, Hgf2, Cr+8, Cr+3, Fe+2, and Fe+3. These
metals are found in the first 37 roost frequent substances, out of 472
identified, at NPL Sites. Various process strategies will be
investigated for effecting the simultaneous or sequential removal of
organic compounds and metal ions from contaminated waters at NPL Sites
vis photocatalysis.
The investigators expect to demonstrate and elucidate photocata-
lytic processes for the simultaneous and/or sequential removal of
co-contaminants such as halocarbons and heavy metals from waters at
Superfund Sites. This technology has the potential to destroy in situ,
almost all aqueous organics and to remove heavy metals. Some of the
commercial applications are in mitigating water pollution, purifying
municipal and residential water supplies, and metals removal from mining
activities. Federal government applications exist in the purification of
waste-waters contaminated by nerve-agents, propeHants, explosives, and
radioactive metals.
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Topic F Air Pol lut,"ton Control
8 ON-BOARD DIMETHYL ETHER GENERATION TO REDUCE METHANOL FUELED VEHICLE
EMISSION DURING COLD OPERATION
Technology Development Associates, Inc.
1667 Cole Boulevard, Suite 400
Golden, CO 80401
303/238-3016
Michael E. Karpuk, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 8	Amount: $150,000.00
Methanol has been widely considered as a replacement for gasoline
and diesel fuel when petroleum supplies become scarce or to improve air
quality. The potential use of methanol, however, faces a significant
cold start and cold operation problem. Methanol vehicles have difficulty
starting at ambient temperatures below 10°C because of methanol's low
vapor pressure and high heat of vaporization, Even when the vehicles
start, they have poor driveability and high'CO and unturned hydrocarbon
emissions.
With Phase I funding, the investigators have begun the development
of on-board dimethyl ether (DME) generation to solve the cold start
problem. The highly volatile DME can be formed by catalytic dehydration
of methanol. The reaction is exothermic but some heat input is required
to bring the catalyst to operating temperature and to vaporize the
methanol. The DME would be metered to the engine at the time of the cold
start and during cold operation. During Phase I, a very active and
selective methanol catalyst has been synthesized and tested. Data from
the tests were used to design a small electrically heated DME generating
reactor. IXiring Phase II, The investigators will fabricate this rector
and test it on board a methanol-fueled vehicle.
The commercial application of the DME generating reactor is to use
it on methanol-fueled vehicles to assist cold start and cold operation.
Although only a limited number of methanol-fueled vehicles have been
built, the potential market is very large. It is believed that methanol
will be a significant future fuel since emissions from methanol-fueled
vehicles are generally less than gasoline vehicles and since methanol can
be made at low cost from abundant feedstocks such as coal, natural gas
and biomaBs.
9. REDUCTION OF DIESEL PARTICULATE BY ELECTROSTATIC AGGLOMERATION,
INTERNAL COLLECTION AND REBURNING
Hamilton Maurer International, Inc.
P.O. Box 42320
Houston, TX 77242-2320
713/468-6805
David Taimsen, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 6	Amount: $150,000.00
The proposed Federal standards for diesel exhaust particle emissions
in 1991 and 1994 will require a 60% and 83%' reduction from the current
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(1988) standards. It has been shown that approximately 75% of diesel
particles are charged during combustion and could be collected on the
surfaces of an electrostatic agglomerator with minimal power
consumption. During Phase I of the EPA SBIR program, HMI, Inc.
successfully demonstrated the electrostatic agglomeration of submicron
particles contained in diesel exhaust using the particle's natural
charge. The mass mean diameter of the suhmicron particles was increased
from about 0.2 um to about 2.0 um.
The focus of this Phase II Proposal is to demonstrate the
performance of an inertial separator to remove the agglomerated particles
from the exhaust stream and to destroy the agglomerate by burning either
within the engine or externally. The advantages of this approach for
diesel particle control are that the natural occurring particle charge
enables the submicron particles to be removed, agglomerated, and
subsequently returned separate from the agglomeration/separation system
with a low pressure drop in the exhaust gas stream and at minimal
parasitic power consumption.
An innovative particle collection system has been developed for
diesel exhaust emissions which utilizes the natural charge on the
submicron particles. The submicron particles are electrostatically
removed from the diesel exhaust stream. The particles collect and
agglomerate on the surfaces of the electrostatic device. Subsequently,
the agglomerated particles are re intrained in the exhaust flow and
removed using robust inertial collection devices. Ultimately, the
agglomerate is destroyed by reburning.
The electrostatic agglomerator system (ESA) will have universal
application for all trucks and buses operating in the United States. The
ESA particle collection system will allow the 1991 and 1994 diesel
emission regulations to be met using a rugged and economical particle
collection system.
10. REDUCTION OF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY TOXIC AIR EMISSIONS THROUGH THE
USE OF A NOVEL VENT GAS SCRUBBER
Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
520-B Danbury Road
New Milford, CT 06776
203/355-2681
Glenn Tom, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 1	Amount: $150,000.00
The rapid growth of the American microelectronics industry has
spawned new environmental problems associated with the processes used to
prepare semiconductor chips, the key components of sophisticated
electronic devices. Historically, most of these problems have been
ignored because relatively low volumes of chemicals are associated with
semiconductor fabrication. However, the exceptionally high toxicity of
these materials can cause major problems for small quantity hazardous
waste generators. Silane, phosphine and/or arsine are used in the
chemical vapor deposition (CVD) steps in semiconductor fabrications.
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While large users have built ejqpensive facilities for handling small
amounts of these materials, small generators have vented to the
atmosphere or used similarly unacceptable techniques. Advanced
Technology Materials, Inc. (ATM), proposes to build a family of novel
vent gas scrubbers that will be cost-effective in reducing toxic air
emissions from small quantity CVD processes. The methodology to be
employed will resemble that used by ATM to design purification devices
for these same gases, except that a bifunctional device with scavenging
capability is envisioned that is fully automated to handle any system
surges. The Phase I program demonstrated full feasibility and yielded a
prototype device with high capacity and capture-effectiveness. The Phase
II program will expand the scope of the device and include on-site
testing and industry qualification.
It is anticipated that cost-effective, automated vent gas scrubbers
can be manufactured. These scrubbers will have broad application in the
electronics industry and in research and development institutions where
small amounts of hazardous materials are routinely employed in the
chemical vapor deposition processes. Because these scrubbers will have a
high degree of flexibility in gas handling capability, they should find
use in plants where the gases are produced and in non-electronics
industries where CVD technology is used with increasing frequency.
11. REDUCED ENTRAINMENT PRECIPITATOR, PHASE II
ETS, Inc.
3140 Chaparral Drive, Suite C-103
Roanoke, VA 24018
703/774-8999
Dale A. Furlong, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 3	Amount: $149,628.00
The Reduced Entrainment Precipitator (REP) will have improved
collection efficiency for dusts having either high or low electrical
resistivities. This objective is accomplished by providing a porous
collection surface. A small portion (typically less than 20%) of the
dirty gas stream is drawn through the collected dust cake and the porous
collecting plate by a separate fan. This small flow through the dust
provides an aerodynamic force to reduce re-entrainment of the dust.
Typical fabric filter dust cake pressure drops, the dust retaining
force, can be orders of magnitude larger than the re-entraining force,
the dynamic head of the flowing stream.
The provision of a significant aerodynamic force to counteract re-
entrainment has at least two potential benefits:
(1) Higher precipitator through-put velocities may be used thus
reducing the size of the precipitator.
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(2) In a conventional precipitator dust retention forces are
provided by corona current through the dust cake. Elimination
of the need for corona current for dust retention in turn
eliminates the dependence of the process on dust resistivity,
either high or low.
The REP is a combination of electrostatic precipitator and fabric
filter technologies that provide a proprietary particulate collection
device having a significant improvement in particle collection capability
at greatly reduced capitol and operating costs. The potential market for
this is the entire new precipitator market and should average 200 million
dollars per year over the next 5 years.
12. A STUDY OF THE REGENERABILITY OF A UNIQUE NEW SORBENT THAT REMOVES
302-NOx FROM FLUE GASES
Sanitech, Inc.
1935 East Aurora Road
Twinsburg, OH 44087
216/425-2354
Sidney G. Nelson, Principal Investigator
EPA Region 5	Amount: $98,943.00
A new process called the Nelson Filter System is currently under
development. The Nelson Filter System is an advanced dry scrubbing
system that removes simultaneously both SO2 and NO* from flue gases. It
is very effective, having demonstrated repeatedly in laboratory and field
tests 99% SOz, 99% NOx, and over 30% NO removal. It is environmentally
attractive in that no sludge or troublesome wastes are produced. It is
simple and low-cost. The key to the Filter System development is a new
hyper-reactive sorbent, a material that is regenerable simply by heating.
The sorbent, supplied to the flue gas duct, captures sulfur and nitrogen
oxides at temperatures of 200° C or less. When the sorbent becomes
saturated, it is regenerated.
A suitable regeneration process for the new sorbent was developed in
Phase I of the project, for which a patentwae recently granted. The
goals of the proposed Phase II research are to optimize this new
regeneration process, to scale up and to demonstrate the process on a
more meaningful scale, to gain a better understanding of the complex
chemistries that are occurring during sorption and regeneration, and to
examine regeneration costs by performing a system analysis. We expect
that by successfully meeting these goals, we will be in a position for a
much larger demonstration in Phase III.
The results of the proposed work will provide the data and infor-
mation needed for the design of a large demonstration facility. After
the completion of Phase II, ' the investigators expect to know 1) the
optimum atmosphere in which to carry out regeneration; 2) how well the
new sorbent will also remove fine particulates, in addition to SO2 and
NOs; 3) how the presence of captured fine particulates may affect
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regenerabi11ty; 4) what precise chemical reaction are occurring during
the preparation and use of the eorbent; and 5) how processing changes can
affect regeneration costs and how the costs of the Nelson Filter System
compare with those of other control technologies.
The Nelson Filter System, if suitably developed and demonstrated,
could have a major impact on high-sulfur coal usage and on the acid rain
problem. It is estimated that the costs of the new system could easily
be only a small fraction of the costs of conventional lime or limestone
scrubbers, and, or course, it would produce no sludge.
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Alphabetical List of Awardees
Page Number/s
Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
520-B Danbury Road
New Milford, CT 06776
203/355-2681 	
Al-Chem Fuels. Inc.
P.O. Box 60
Dimmitt, TX 79027
806/647-5222 	
BH Electronics, Inc.
12219 Wood Lake Drive
Burnsville, MI 55337
612/894-9590 	
Bio-Metric Systems, Inc.
9924 West 74th Street
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
612/829-2700 	
Bend Research, Inc.
64550 Research Road
Bend, OR 97701
503/382-4100 	 3, 17,
Chemical & Metal Industries, Inc.
4701 Dahlia Street
Denver, CO 80216
303/320-6151 	
ETS, Inc.
3140 Chaparral Drive, Suite C-103
Roanoke, VA 24018
703/774-8999 	
Electrochemical Innovations
313 North Holman
Portland, OR 97217
503/464-4222 	
Energy and Environmental Engineering, Inc.
P.O. Box 215
East Cambridge, MA 02141
617/666-5500 	
30
26
23
14
24
24
31
9
10
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Energy and Environmental Research Corporation
18 Mason
Irvine, CA 92718
714/859-8851 	 25
Energy Sciences, Inc.
8 Gill Street
Woburn, MA 01801
617/935-8020 	 18
Enoree Minerals Corporation
P.O. Box 289
Laurens, SC 29360
803/984-7648 or 803/969-9555 	 6
Entropic Technologies Corporation
120 North Washington Square, Suite 1000
Lansing, MI 48933
517/482-7049 	 12
Environmental Protection Rolyaers, Inc.
13414 Prairie Avenue
Havrthorne, CA 90250
213/970-9100 	 13
F learning and Wickett
P.O. Box 1300
Issaquah, HA 98027
206/392-9791 	 9
Fluidyne Corporation
28 37th Street, ME
Auburn, WA 98002
206/939-9098 	 12
Hamilton Maurer International, Inc.
P.O. Box 42320
Houston, TX 77242-2320
713/468-6805 	 29
EBC Advanced Technologies, c/o Tronac, Inc.
1167 N. Industrial Park Rd.
Orem, 0T 84057
801/224-8264 	 4
Insitec
2110 Omega Road, Suite D
San Ramon, CA 94583 	 16
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Ionic Atlanta-Alford and Rogers
1347 Spring Street
Atlanta, GA 30309
404/876-5166 	 4
Kross, Inc.
146 Flanders Drive
Hillsborough, NJ 08876
201/359-1367 	 27
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
1360 Willow Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
415/328-2228 	 5, 19
National Recovery Technologies, Inc.
105 28th Avenue South
Nashville, TN 37212
615/329-9088 	 7
PCP Consulting & Research, Inc.
P.O. Box 5943
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609/882-0869 	 18
PSI Technology Company
Research Park, P.O. Box 3100
Andover, MA 01810-7100
617/455-9030 	 20
Photo-Catalyt ics, Inc.
755 South 42nd Street
Boulder, CO 80303
303/499-4406 	 28
Precision Combustion, Inc.
25 Science Park
New Haven, CT 06511
203/786-5215 	 11
Procedyne Corporation
221 Somerset Street
New Brunswick, NJ 08903
201/249-8347 	 8
Production Monitoring and Control Co.
8620 North New Braunfels, H308
San Antonio, TX 78217
512/821-3794 	 15
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Sanitech, Inc.
1935 East Aurora Road
Twinsburg, OH 44087
216/425-2354 	 32
Separation Processes, Inc.
651 Fresca Street
Soloma Beach, CA 92075
619/755-9515 	 6
Synlize, Inc.
1795 Beacon Street
Brookline, MA 02146
617/566-7865 	 10
Technology Development Associates
1667 Cole Boulevard #400
Golden, 00 80401
303/238-3016 	 20, 29
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