WORKING PAPER NO.
E.P.A.-910-8-77-100
WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATION
RELATED TO SEAFOOD PROCESSING
WASTEWATER DISCMARGES AT
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 1975
OCTOBER 1976
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
SURVEILLANCE AND
ANALYSIS DIVISION
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
REGION X
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WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATION RELATED TO
SEAFOOD PROCESSING WASTEWATER DISCHARGES
AT DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
October 1975
October 1976
Working Paper # EPA910/8-77-100
Prepared by: R. Keith Stewart
Daniel R. Tangarone
Region X, Environmental Protection Agency
Alaska Operations Office, Anchorage
Surveillance and Analysis Division, Seattle
May 1977
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THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC IN LIMITED
QUANTITIES THROUGH THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY, REGION X, SURVEILLANCE & ANALYSIS DIVISION,
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction and Purpose 1
Findings 4
Conclusions 7
Previous Studies .... 8
Description of Study Area 10
General . 10
Climate .......... 10
Oceanography 10
Water Quality Standards 12
Water Uses 13
Waste Sources 14
NPDES Permit Requirements 15
Survey Methods 16
Water Quality 16
Bottom Sediments 16
Diving Observations 17
Current Drogue Studies 17
Compliance Monitoring 18
Sample Shipment ..... . 18
Discussion of Results . 19
General 19
Temperature and Salinity 19
Dissolved Oxygen . 19
Nutrients 22
Bottom Sediments 23
References 25
Appendix 55
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LIST OF TABLES
1968 Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations
Analytical Results - 1975
Analytical Results - 1976
Bottom Sediment Sample Results - 1975 . . . .
Bottom Sediment Sample Results - 1976 . . . .
Effluent and Stream Sample Results - 1976 . .
Current Studies Data - 1976
LIST OF FIGURES
Location of Study Area
Processor and Outfall Locations - 1976 . . . .
Water Quality Station Locations
Water Quality Station Locations
Bottom Profile of Study Area
Flood Tide Current Movements - 1976
Ebb Tide Current Movements - 1976
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INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
One of the largest and oldest Industries in Alaska is the seafood
processing industry. Hundreds of millions of pounds of fish and shellfish
are processed each year. The industry is widely dispersed throughout the
western and southern coastal reaches of the State. Several areas, hoi^ever,
have significant concentrations of seafood processing facilities. The
newest and most rapidly expanding of these areas is Dutch Harbor.
Dutch Harbor, located about 740 air miles southwest of Anchorage
on the Aleutian chain (Figure 1), has become the second largest, only
exceeded by Kodiak, processing center of shellfish in Alaska. In 1970,
the five facilities located at Dutch Harbor processed approximately 20
million pounds of shellfish. By 1976, this output by eleven processors
had increased more than three times (Figure 2) to about 72 million pounds.
Of the total harvest weight processed, an estimated two-thirds are waste
materials which are discharged following grinding into the waters of the
Dutch Harbor area.
Development of an oil-staging area in the vicinity of Pacific Pearl
Seafoods in Captains Bay is beginning to occur. Future buildup of activ-
ity related to oil development and exploration in this area is very likely
and may have adverse water quality effects. Additionally, development of
a bottom fishery is also possible within the next few years. Should this
occur, wastes discharged from the processing of these fish would have an
additional impact on water quality.
Because of the large volume of shellfish processed and associated
wastes produced, it was determined that information on the water quality
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NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
2
FIGURE 1
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effects of waste discharges and the compliance status of NPDES permits
issued to seafood processors should be gathered. Additionally, this
data would be of importance in the future National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permitting actions to municipalities, oil
facilities, and new seafood processors in the area.
Due primarily to adverse weather conditions, a brief one-day survey
was performed during October 1975. The data obtained were not adequate
to meet total survey objectives and, therefore, a second more extensive
survey effort was conducted during October 1976 for the purpose of deter-
mining:
1. The effects of waste discharges on water quality
2. The extent of seafood waste sludge deposits
3. Water current movement patterns in the Dutch Harbor study area
4. Compliance status of seafood processors with NPDES permit
requirements.
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FINDINGS
1. Dissolved oxygen concentrations below the Alaska water quality standard
of 6 mg/1 were found at 5 locations during the 1975 survey and at 17
locations during the October 1976 survey.
2. Dissolved oxygen concentrations below 6 mg/1 were found primarily at
the 25 meter or deeper depths and usually within close proximity of
the bottom. The lowest value recorded (0.0 mg/1) during the October
1976 survey, however, was found at Station 20 at the bottom at 17
meters depth.
3. Dissolved oxygen concentrations below 6 mg/1 were found during both
the flood and ebb tide stages on both days surveyed during October 1976.
4. Significantly increased levels of ammonia and total phosphorus concen-
trations observed over those at stations used as control points, were
found at most stations located in Iliuliuk Harbor, Iliuliuk Bay, and
Dutch Harbor.
5. Ammonia concentrations found near the bottom for all 17 stations
located in Iliuliuk Harbor, Iliuliuk Bay, and Dutch Harbor ranged
from <.01 mg/1 to 3.8 mg/1 for samples collected during the October
1976 survey. The average concentration found at these stations was
0.60 mg/1, substantially greater than the background concentrations
of <0.01 mg/1 found at the outer locations on the west side of
Amaknak Island in Unalaska Bay and in outer Iliuliuk Bay.
6. Total phosphorus concentrations found near the bottom for all 17
stations located in Iliuliuk Harbor, Iliuliuk Bay, and Dutch Harbor
ranged from 0.03 mg/1 to 1.6 mg/1 for samples collected during the
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13. Accumulations of seafood waste solids in excess of 3 inches at the
30 meter radius from the end of the outfall pipe were found at the
discharge locations of Easpoint Seafoods (M/V Eastpoint), Universal
Seafoods (M/V Unisea), Vita Food Products (M/V Vita and M/V Viceroy),
New England Fish Company (M/V Theresa Lee), and Sea Alaska Products
(M/V Sea Alaska and M/V Sea Producer).
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CONCLUSIONS
1. Seafood processing waste discharges are primarily responsible for
the observed depressed dissolved oxygen concentrations and increased
nutrient concentrations particularly in Iliuliuk Harbor, inner
Iliuliuk Bay, and in Dutch Harbor.
2. Water current movement in the vicinity of the existing outfall loca-
tions on the west side of Amaknak Island and outfall locations within
Dutch Harbor do not provide for adequate dispersion of discharged
waste solids.
3. Seafood wastes have been responsible for old sludge deposits found
at the abandoned submarine base repair dock and at locations within
Iliuliuk Harbor and the inner reach of Iliuliuk Bay south of the sill.
4. Seafood waste discharges have been and continue to be largely respon-
sible for the formation of sludge deposits in the Dutch Harbor embay-
ment of the study area.
5. Seafood processing wastewaters, screened or unscreened, should not
be discharged to Iliuliuk Harbor including the reaches associated
with the sub-base embayment and Margaret Bay.
6. Seafood processing waste solids should not be discharged to Dutch
Harbor, the reach of Iliuliuk Bay inland of the sill, and Captains
Bay including the reach from Amaknak Rocks to Iliuliuk Harbor.
7. Sludges found at Station 18 in 1975 (the east arm of Captains Bay)
were the result of waste discharges from floating processing ships
which anchored in this area in this and other years.
8. Solids should be screened from all existing process waste streams
discharging to the west side of Amaknak Island. The collected solids
should then be disposed of in an acceptable manner.
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PREVIOUS STUDIES
A brief water quality survey was conducted by the University of
Alaska during June 1968. The principal objective of this study was to
obtain information on the fate of organic matter associated with seafood
processing waste (2). Ammonia concentrations were found to be normal
for seawater in areas little affected by seafood processing facilities.
In Iliuliuk Harbor, however, high ammonia concentrations were found.
Samples taken at several depths near the southern tip of Amaknak Island
in Captains Bay were characteristic of non-enriched seawater with less
than .015 mg/1 ammonia. At a station in the offshore waters of Unalaska
Bay, the maximum ammonia concentrations diminished to less than .05 mg/1.
Samples taken near the seafood processing facilities in Iliuliuk Bay at
depths of 0, 5, and 10 meters, had concentrations of ammonia nitrogen
of .072, .113, and .080 mg/1 respectively. At a station near the most
upbay reach of Iliuliuk Bay, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen
ranged from .064 to .333 mg/1 between the 10 and 25 meter depths. The
substantial increase in ammonia nitrogen found in the deeper waters of
Iliuliuk Harbor and Bay was believed to be the result of decomposition
of organic matter which had accumulated on the bottom.
The same study also showed that the dissolved oxygen concentrations
were lowered in the bottom waters.
Because of the rapid buildup of processing facilities in the Dutch
Harbor area and increased pollutional pressures imposed on receiving
waters an October 1975 survey was performed by EPA during the peak of
the seafood processing activity. All but one of the seven stations
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sampled during the 1968 study, a station in Unalaska Bay offshore of
Iliuliuk Bay, were sampled during the October 9, 1975 survey. A total
of 11 stations were sampled during the 1975 survey.
The October 1975 survey included measurements for temperature, pH,
conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus
at the 1, 10, and 25 meter depths and just above the bottom. Bottom
deposit samples were obtained for analysis of volatile solids, percent
organic matter, and chemical oxygen demand, and for inspection of the
occurrence of hydrogen sulfide odors and macroscopic marine life. Gen-
erally poor water quality, described in more detail later in this report,
was found during the 197 5 survey.
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DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
General
The Dutch Harbor survey area (Figure 1) is located on the north or
Bering Sea side of the Aleutian Islands west of the Alaska Peninsula. The
survey area consists of Captains Bay, Dutch Harbor, Iliuliuk Bay, Iliuliuk
Harbor, and portions of Unalaska Bay (Figure 2). Iliuliuk Harbor is a
highly contorted embayment situated between Captains and Iliuliuk Bays.
Captains Bay, Iliuliuk Harbor, Iliuliuk Bay, and Dutch Harbor have limited
circulation patterns largely the result of sills (Figure 5) which form
physical barriers to the circulation of deep water.
Climate
The Dutch Harbor area has a cold maritime climate with normal summer
air temperatures ranging from 50 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit and normal winter
temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 degrees Fahrenheit. High summer temper-
atures may attain 85 degrees Fahrenheit for brief periods, and low winter
temperatures may reach 10 degrees Fahrenheit. Inclement weather conditions
are common, and are characterized by low cloud cover which often interferes
with airline transportation to the area. Winds in winter and during storms
are usually strong. Wind velocities of more than 100 knots are not uncom-
mon. During brief periods of cold winter weather, ice up to two inches
thick may be found on Iliuliuk Harbor, but the other bays in the area
remain ice free throughout the year.
Oceanography
Two major freshwater streams enter the study area, the Shaishnikof
River at the head of Captains Bay, and the Town River which drains Unalaska
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Lake on the east side of Iliuliuk Harbor. Both streams are utilized by
salmon for spawning. Several smaller streams also flow into the general
survey area. The total freshwater inflow to the area slightly dilutes
the salinity of the surface waters in the area.
The waters of the study area are decidedly marine rather than estu-
arine. Salinities ranged from 20.5 to 32.0 parts per thousand during the
1975 survey and from 19.2 to 33.9 parts per thousand during 1976. Verti-
cal and horizontal salinity gradients which cause stratification of marine
waters undoubtedly occur but their intensity, duration, and diurnal and
seasonal variations were not defined as a part of these surveys.
It is evident from examination of U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey maps
that Captains Bay, Iliuliuk Harbor, and the Dutch Harbor-Iliuliuk Bay sys-
tems are three distinct basins separated by sills (pronounced underwater
elevated land across the bottom of a bay or other marine watercourse; see
Figure 5). One of the sills is located near the mouth of Captains Bay.
Two more, one at each end of Iliuliuk Harbor, separate this basin from
Iliuliuk Bay and Captains Bay. The other sill is situated near the mouth
of Iliuliuk Bay and separates the Iliuliuk Bay-Dutch Harbor basin from the
open waters of Unalaska Bay and the Bering Sea. These sills hinder circu-
lation of the deep water layers within the basins. The three basins thus
form traps for settleable solids and nutrients introduced into these waters.
Tides In the area are not great, having a maximum amplitude of near
10 feet. The mean tidal amplitude (mean high water to mean low water)
is about four feet.
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Water Quality Standards
The present Alaska Water Quality Standards (3) designate the marine
waters of the State as Classes C, D, E, and G. The standard criteria asso-
ciated with marine waters that are of particular interest in this report
are those for dissolved oxygen, residues in the form of settleable solids
and sludge deposits, and toxic substances. Of the various classifications,
the following are the most stringent criteria.
Dissolved Oxygen
Class D - Greater than 6 mg/1 in salt water.
Class E - Greater than 6 mg/1 in the larvae stage. Greater
than 5 mg/1 in the adult stage.
Residues, Including Oils, Floating Solids, Sludge Deposits, and Other
Wastes
Class D - "Residues may not make the receiving water unfit or
unsafe for the uses of this classification; nor cause
a film or sheen upon, or discoloration of, the sur-
face of the water or adjoining shoreline; nor cause
a sludge or emulsion to be deposited beneath or upon
the surface of the water, within the water column,
on the bottom or upon adjoining shorelines. Residues
shall be less than those levels which cause tainting
of fish or other organisms and less than acute or
chronic problem levels as determined by bioassay."
Class E - Same as Class D.
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Settleable Solids, Suspended Solids (includes sediment and dredge
spoil and fill)
Class C - No visible concentrations of sediment.
Class D - No deposition which adversely affects fish and other
aquatic life reproduction and habitat.
Class E - No deposition which adversely affects growth and prop-
agation of shellfish.
Toxic Substances
Class D - Concentrations shall be less than those levels which
cause tainting of fish, less than acute or chronic
problem levels as revealed by bioassay or other appro-
priate methods and below concentrations affecting the
ecological balance.
Class E - Same as Class D.
Water Uses
Uses of the waters of the Dutch Harbor area as stipulated in the
Alaska Water Quality Standards (3), consist of water contact recreation,
growth and propagation of fish and other aquatic life (including water-
fowl and furbearers), shellfish growth and propagation (including natural
and commercial growing areas), and industrial water supply other than
food processing.
Of prime importance from a water quality viewpoint is the use of
these waters for holding live crab. These waters miist be of sufficient
quality to support the&e animals for periods up to two days. Live crab
in the tanks of fishing vessels sometimes are held while in port for one
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or more days prior to offloading during peak crabbing periods. After
being offloaded from the fishing boats, the live crabs are held over-
board prior to processing.
Additionally, the waters in the Dutch Harbor area constitute his-
toric nursing and feeding grounds for young and adult crab.
Waste Sources
Processing and discharge locations for waste sources during the
October 197 5 survey are shown in the following table:
Processor Process Location Discharge Location
M/V Sea Alaskan
Dutch Harbor
Dutch Harbor
M/V Sea Producer
Dutch Harbor
Dutch Harbor
M/V Theresa Lee
Dutch Harbor
Dutch Harbor
Pan Alaska Fisheries
Iliuliuk
Harbor
Iliuliuk
Harbor
M/V Royal Alaskan
Captains
Bay
Captains
Bay
M/V Eastpoint
Iliuliuk
Harbor
Iliuliuk
Harbor
Whitney Fidalgo
11iuliuk
Harbor
Iliuliuk
Harbor
M/V Vita
Iliuliuk
Harbor
Unalaska
Bay
M/V Viceroy
Iliuliuk
Harbor
Unalaska
Bay
M/V Unisea
Iliuliuk
Harbor
Unalaska
Bay
Pacific Pearl Seafoods
Captains
Bay
Captains
Bay
Waste sources and discharge locations as situated during the October
1976 survey are shown on Figure 2. Only Eastpoint Seafoods (M/V Eastpoint)
was continuing to discharge processing wastes to Iliuliuk Harbor.
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NPDF.S permits issued to the seafood processors in the Dutch Harbor
area all contained provisions which required that all seafood wastes be
reduced to a diameter of 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) or less prior to discharge.
The discharge of this waste was to be at least 13 meters (7 fathoms) below
mean lower low water. Monitoring of bottom conditions is required by use
of bottom cores to determine the amount of solids accumulation around the
outfall. If more than 3 inches of waste solids is found, one year from
that time the permittee is required to install a screening device equiva-
lent to a tangential screen with a grid spacing of 1 mm (0.040 inch) or
less. Seafood processing wastes which are retained on this screening
system must be disposed of by 1) recovery, 2) other means approved by
the Regional Administrator, or 3) transport (without loss of solids) to
a specified deep water disposal site.
Other than seafood processing wastes, there are currently no other
existing significant industrial discharges in the Dutch Harbor area. Future
development of the area, however, as related to oil development and explora-
tion activities and the development of a bottom fishery is very likely and
may have significant environmental impact.
Other existing discharges are primarily treated domestic wastes from
approximately 1000 employees associated with the seafood processing facil-
ities, and from the villages of Dutch Harbor and Unalaska. These villages
have a combined population near 350 people, and are partially sewered, but
do not provide for treatment of domestic wastes. Except for bacteriological
effects, domestic discharges are insignificant relative to the effect of
seafood wastewater discharges.
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SURVEY METHODS
Water Quality
During the October 1975 survey, samples were collected by EPA per-
sonnel typically at four depths during one flood and one ebb tide stage
at 11 stations. Sampling started within two and one-half hours of the
onset of each of the two tide stages, and was completed at all 11 stations
before the termination of each tidal stage.
During the October 1976 survey samples for chemical and physical
analysis were collected jointly by the Alaska Department of Environmental
Conservation (ADEC) and Environmental Protection Agency personnel from 32
stations (Figures 3 and 4).
Dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, and pH were determined
with a Hydrolab Model 6D Surveyor Portable Water Monitor" for all stations
sampled by EPA. A Martek Water Quality Analyzer" was utilized by the ADEC
personnel during the 1976 survey. The dissolved oxygen probes of these
instruments were calibrated daily in salt water by the standard Winkler
method prior to each sampling run and each time a suspected erratic value
for this parameter was obtained.
Salinity determinations were measured directly with the Martek instru-
ment and were calculated from the conductivity and temperature data obtained
with the Hydrolab instrument.
Bottom Sediments
Bottom deposit samples were obtained at 11 stations by use of a small
*Use of product and company names is for identification only and does not
constitute endorsement by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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dredge during the 1975 study and at 7 stations during the 197 6 survey to
determine the organic content and decomposition characteristics of the
deposits; the presence of hydrogen sulfide by smell; and to obtain general
information pertaining to the occurrence of macroscopic (readily visible)
animals or plants associated with the bottom reaches of the study area.
Chemical analyses of the bottom deposit samples were performed at the
EPA, Region X laboratory. Samples for analysis were packed in ice after
collection and shipped in ice filled chests.
Diving Observations
During the October 197 6 survey scuba-diving teams using "dry suit"
SCUBA gear and composed of EPA Region X and NEIC-Denver personnel, inspected
the outfall locations of seafood processing wastewater discharges, checked
for line ruptures and determined the extent of seafood waste solids accu-
mulations around the outfalls. EPA divers utilized measuring tapes and
rods, calibrated lines, maps, and cameras to define and record waste dis-
charge accumulations. Diving activities are detailed in Appendix A.
Current Drogue Studies
Water currents in the Dutch Harbor vicinity during the October 1976
survey were measured by use of drogues fabricated from 12 to 18 inch diam-
eter plastic buoys, wooden warehouse pallets, nylon line, and small gunny
sacks. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game courteously provided the
gunny sacks as well as binoculars and spotting scopes to track the course
of drogues. Fifteen to twenty pounds of rocks were placed in the sacks
and one of these was tied to each pallet to assure that the pallets would
be suspended at the selected depths.
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Drogue movement after the first day of observations was measured
with the aid of radar on board a small fishing boat. A minimum of three
bearings was taken to fix drogue locations during the tracking process.
The courses of the drogues were plotted on Coast and Geodetic Survey maps.
Tidal data from "Tide Tables 197 6 High and Low Water Predictions,
West Coast of North and South America" (4) were used to determine the
onset and duration of each tidal cycle and to determine periods of water
sampling.
Compliance Monitoring
In-plant inspections were performed to determine compliance with NPDES
permit conditions. During the 1976 survey, inspections were performed by
both EPA and ADEC personnel. Samples of the effluent stream were obtained
from most of the facilities for analysis of ammonia, total phosphorus, COD,
total volatile solids, and total organic carbon (Table 6).
Sample Shipment
Samples were shipped in ice-packed containers, according to established
chain-of-custody procedures, to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Enforcement Investigations Center Laboratory at Denver, Colorado.
Bottom sediment samples were shipped to the Region X, EPA Laboratory
in Seattle, Washington.
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DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
General
Generally lowered water quality conditions were found in the Dutch
Harbor study area during both the 1975 and 1976 surveys. Low dissolved
oxygen concentrations near the bottom, increased nutrient concentrations
within the bays, and decomposing sludge deposits of seafood wastes were
encountered during both the 1975 and 1976 surveys.
Temperature and Salinity
Temperature and salinity data (Tables 2, 3, and 3A) were gathered
during both surveys to calculate density values, and to correct for dis-
solved oxygen values for saline waters. Calculations for density were
based on values recorded in the Handbook of Oceanographic Tables (5).
During the 1976 survey, salinity values ranged from 19.2 parts per thou-
sand at the one meter depth in Iliuliuk Harbor to 33.9 parts per thousand
at the near-bottom depths. Non-saline waters, primarily from the Unalaska
and Shaishnikof Rivers measurably diluted the surface marine waters in the
study area. The seaward reaches of both Captains Bay and Iliuliuk Bay were
weakly stratified. Iliuliuk Bay was strongly stratified with a distinct
layer of relatively warm, less dense lens of less saline surface and near-
surface water overlaying deeper, cooler more saline and more dense waters.
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved oxygen concentrations at the 25 meter depth determined for
selected stations during a June 1968 study (Table 1) conducted by the
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University of Alaska (2), were below the Alaska Water Quality Standards
of 6 mg/1 (3) in the northeastern portion of Captains Bay and at 3 loca-
tions in Iliuliuk Bay on the south side of a sill separating Iliuliuk
Bay from the waters of Unalaska Bay.
Low dissolved oxygen concentrations were again found in the deeper
waters of these areas during the October 9, 1975 water quality monitoring
investigation (Table 2).
During the 1976 survey, dissolved oxygen data (Table 3 and 3A) were
collected during ebb and flood tide stages on October 19 and October 24.
Dissolved oxygen values below the Alaska Water Quality Standard of 6 mg/1
were recorded within one or more meters of the bottom at Stations 1, 3, 4,
7, 20, 23-29, and 32-36, located (Figure 3) as follows:
Station General Location
1,3,4,7 Captains Bay
20 Old Submarine Repair Dock
23-29 Iliuliuk Bay
32-36 Dutch Harbor
For the Captains Bay stations it is believed that the low dissolved
oxygen values are primarily representative of natural conditions encoun-
tered in a relatively deep fjord-type water body. However, for the other
stations located in Iliuliuk Harbor (submarine dock), Iliuliuk Bay, and
Dutch Harbor, the depressed bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations are
primarily the result of the decomposition of organic matter in seafood
processing wastes. While Iliuliuk Bay does not receive any direct
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discharge of processing wastes, wastes discharged within Dutch Harbor and
at the entrance to Iliuliuk Bay from Iliuliuk Harbor by Eastpoint Seafoods
and in the past by other processors within Iliuliuk Harbor, probably are
transported to the deeper portions of Iliuliuk Bay.
Station 20 located in quiescent waters on the south side of Expedition
Island in the vicinity of the old subnarine base repair dry dock (Figure 4)
yielded the lowest recorded dissolved oxygen value of 0.0 mg/1 during the
1976 study. Diving observations in this area confirmed the existence of
extensive black decomposing sludge deposits. During the previous season
(1975-1976) crab processing wastes had been discharged in this area which
undoubtedly contributed to the formation of this sludge layer and asso-
ciated depressed dissolved oxygen levels.
Stations 23 through 29, located in the Iliuliuk Bay area, also showed
depressed dissolved oxygen concentrations. These are located in the deeper
portion of the bay (17 to 20 fathoms) and are on the Unalaska side (south)
of a sill (7 to 8 fathoms) which restricts water movement in and out of
Iliuliuk Bay and thus encourages the buildup of organic sediments from
wastes discharged by the City of Unalaska, the processors within Iliuliuk
Harbor (some domestic wastes), the M/V Eastpoint, and dischargers located
in Dutch Harbor. Depressed oxygen levels were also observed in this area
during the 1975 survey.
Stations 32 through 36 are located within Dutch Harbor. Three pro-
cessing facilities, the M/V Sea Alaska, M/V Sea Producer, and M/V Theresa
Lee discharge process wastewaters into Dutch Harbor. Dissolved oxygen
concentrations recorded at these stations during both 1975 and 1976 were
also below the state standard of 6 mg/1.
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Nutrients
Ammonia and total phosphorus concentrations obtained during the 1976
study for various depths during flood and ebb tide stages for water quality
stations are presented in Tables 3 and 3A. Relatively low nutrient con-
centrations were found in Captains Bay (1, 2, 4, and 7) and at stations
used as control points (9, 16, and 17). Additionally, low concentrations
were found at Stations 30 and 31, located on the seaward side of the sill
in Iliuliuk Bay. Stations 18 and 19, located in a transitional zone between
Captains Bay and Iliuliuk Harbor, showed a slight tendency towards increased
nutrient concentrations. Stations 8 and 14, located in the vicinity of the
outfalls on the west side of Amaknak Island, also showed slightly increased
concentrations. Significantly higher levels of nutrient concentrations
were found at Stations 22 through 29 (Iliuliuk Bay) and Stations 32 through
36 (Dutch Harbor).
High levels of ammonia and total phosphorus were found to be localized
in nature and attributable to the nutrients (both the solid and liquid por-
tion of their waste streams) discharged to these waters from crab process-
ing plants (Table 6), localized sludge deposits of new and old crab wastes,
and domestic wastes discharged to the water from both the processing ves-
sels and the City of Unalaska. There does not appear to be any indication
that the observed high concentrations of nutrients in the fall are due to
up-welling of nutrient-rich water from the deep offshore reaches of the
Bering Sea. The control stations in marine waters are low in nutrients
as are the freshwater streams (Table 6) which enter the study area.
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Bottom Sediments
Analytical results of bottom sediment sample analyses are nresented
in Tables 4 and 5.
Samples obtained during 1975 and 1976 from Station 2 (Captains Bay)
in the vicinity of the Pacific Pearl processing plant do not indicate
recent organic waste deposits. Clean sand and gravel was found during
1975 and only 3.3 percent organic matter from the sample obtained in 1976
reflecting a Type I organic sediment classification (5) of "inorganic or
aged, stabilized organic deposits". Relatively small amounts of crab
processing wastes have been discharged to Captains Bay in this vicinity.
During the 1974-1975 season, the M/V Royal Alaskan was moored between
Stations 1 and 18 and discharged processing wastes at this location. A
sediment sample from Station 18 shows evidence of organic deposits. Chem-
ical analysis of the sample yielded an 11.6 percent volatile solids con-
tent, 21.8 percent organic matter, and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of
255 grams per kilogram (g/kg).
Results of additional sediment samples obtained during the 1975 sur-
vey indicate the same general locations of sludge deposits and organic
sediments determined during the 1976 survey. Decomposing sludge with
pieces of crab shells were found near the Royal Alaskan outfall which was
discharging to Iliuliuk Harbor at that time. Evidence of past processing
discharges to Iliuliuk Ilarbor is shown in the chemical analyses of bottom
samples collected at Stations 21A, 21B, and 22A during the 1975 survey and
at Station 20 during the 1976 survey. Sludge deposits were also found at
stations located within Dutch Harbor.
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Analytical results of the 1976 bottom sediment samples (Table 5)
obtained at Stations 1, 2, 4, 20, 21, 24, and 34 as well as results from
the 1975 survey correlate well with the lowered dissolved oxygen obser-
vations and locations of known waste discharge areas. Stations within
Captains Bay (1, 2, and 4) show relatively low levels of organic matter
in the sediments. Station 20, located in quiet waters where sludge beds
were observed and where processing wastes were discharged in previous
years, showed the highest levels of organic content, particularly percent
organic matter. Stations 24 and 34 also had relatively high levels of
COD, ammonia, volatile solids, and percent organic matter. It should be
noted that, except for Station 2, a Type III classification"Nitrogenous,
substantial nitrogen contribution, further stabilization likely" was found
at all other sediment stations.
Diving observations made in Dutch Harbor (Appendix A) confirmed the
accumulation of seafood waste sludge deposits around the outfalls. Sedi-
ment samples obtained from the Dutch Harbor stations (Table 5) indicate
high organic content. Samples consisted of soft, foul-smelling sludge
and supported primarily pollution-tolerant polychaete worms. Water current
movement in Dutch Harbor is negligible as indicated by diving observations
and current drogue observations shown on Figures 6 and 7. Waste solids
discharged to this waterbody do not readily disperse. Decomposition of
the accumulated wastes causes water quality degradation.
24
-------
REFERENCES
1. Rallinger, D.G. and G.D. McKee. "Chemical Characterization of
Bottom Sediments." Journal of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 43, No. 2, 1971. Pages 216-227.
2. Brickell, David C. and John J. Coering. "The Influence of Decomposing
Salmon on Water Chemistry", University of Alaska, Institute of Hater
Resources, Report IWR-12, College, Alaska, 1971.
3. State of Alaska, Department of Environmental Conservation, "Water
Quality Standards", as revised October 1973.
4. Tide Tables 197 6 High and Low Water Predictions, West Coast of North
and South America.
5. Bialek, Eugene L. "Handbook of Oceanographic Tables - Special Publi-
cation No. 68", Marine Sciences Department, U.S. Naval Oceanographic
Office, Washington, D.C., 1966. 427 pages.
25
-------
TABLE 1
Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in ?liliigrains Per Lixer
at Selected Sites and Depths in the Dutch Harbor Area (3)
June 1968
Station Numbers
Depth 1 21 24 27 28 30
0
7.9
6.8
8.0
8.1
7.9
7.9
5
8.0
7.2
8.0
8.1
8.3
8.0
10
7.7
7.4
7.8
3.1
7.5
7.6
15
6.9
7.3
7.8
7.4
7.3
20
7.1
25
4.3
4.8
5.5
30
6.8
40
5.6
-------
Station
Time
Depth^
(meters)
ฐC
Temp
0950
1
6.9
0952
10
6.4
0953
25
6.2
0956
(48)
4.0
1615
1
7.5
1617
10
7.2
1618
25
6.5
1620
(40)
5.4
1014
1
6.9
1015
10
6.4
1016
25
6.0
1017
(42)
5.6
1632
1
7.2
1633
10
6.6
1634
25
6.3
1637
(50)
4.6
1031-
1
7.4
1032
(10)
6.2
1647
1
8.0
1648
10
6.4
1649
(12)
6.3
1054
1
7.4
1055
10
7.0
1056
(12)
6.4
1655
1
8.1
1656
10
6.5
1657
(16)
6.3
TABLE
2
ANALYTICAL
RESULTS
: QUALITY SAMPLING STAT
IONS
DUTCH HARBOR
, ALASKA
OCTOBER 9
, 1975
Dissolved
Ammonia
Total
Salinity
Density
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
(ฐ/oo )
(at)
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
30.0
24.53
8.3
.03
.046
31-5
24.77
7.8
.04
.067
32.0
25.19
7.7
.06
.058
31.0
24.63
4.7
31.0
24.24
7.8
.04
.055
32.0
25.06
7.5
.05
.057
32.0
25.14
7.7
.04
.056
32.0
25.18
(6.3)
30.5
23.92
8.4
.03
.055
31.5
24.77
8.0
.05
.059
31.5
24.81
7.5
.02
.063
31.5
24.86
7.0
31.0
24.27
7.8
.02
.052
32.0
25.13
7.4
.05
.060
32.0
25.19
7.5
.05
.060
32.0
25.37
5.7 @ 42
25.5
19.94
8.7
.07
.052
31.5
24.79
7.4
.08
.065
24.0
18.70
9.2
.06
.055
32.0
25.17
7.4
. 06
.059
32.0
25.18
20.5
16.03
8.4
.08
.052
31.0
24.30
7.4
.09
.081
31.0
24.38
7.0
20.5
15.95
8.5
.04
.060
31.0
24.36
7.5
.08
.064
31.5
24.78
6.8
-------
TABLE
Station
22
24
ho
oo
27
35
Depthi/
ฐC
Salinity
Time
(meters )
Temp
(ฐ/oo )
1104
1
6.9
28.0
1105
10
6.4
31.0
1106
(15)
6. 3
31.5
1709
1
7.2
28.0
1710
10
6.5
32.0
1711
(15)
6.3
32.0
1110
1
6.9
30.5
1111
10
6.3
31.5
1112
25
6.2
31.5
1115
(35)
6.0
27.0
1715
1
6.9
30.5
1716
10
6.3
32.0
1718
25
6.1
32.0
1720
(29)
6.0
32.0
1133
1
6.8
30.5
1134
10
6.5
31.5
1135
25
6.3
31.5
1137
(38)
5.6
31.5
1734
1
6.9
30.5
1735
10
6.3
31.0
1737
25
6.2
31.0
1738
(32)
5.8
31.0
1300
1
7.3
30.0
1302
10
6.5
31.5
1303
25
6.2
32.0
1305
(29)
6.1
32.0
1816
1
7.0
30.0
1817
10
6.4
31.0
1818
(25)
6.1
31.0
2 (cont.)
Density
(at)
Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/1
Ammonia
Nitrogen
mg/1
Total
Phosphorus
mg/1
21.97
8.3
.04
.068
24.38
7.1
.15
.078
24.81
7.1
21.93
9.6
.18
.073
25.16
7.6
.14
.076
25.18
7.3
23.92
7.9
.08
.094
24.78
7.7
24.89
7.5
.18
.082
21.28
7.0
23.92
8.6
.06
.062
25.18
7.9
.12
.070
25.20
7.3
.20
.086
25.21
6.5
23.93
8.0
.10
.068
24.75
7.6
.12
.082
24.78
6.8
.10
.069
24.86
1.5
23.91
8.5
.09
.086
24.39
8.4
.08
.063
24.40
8.4
.10
.067
24.45
5.7
24.25
9.3
.05
.065
24.75
7.4
.17
.083
25.19
6.6
.31
.107
25.20
5.4
23.51
10.5
.020
.060
24.38
9.4
.160
.084
24.41
7.9
.150
.072
-------
TABLE 2 (cont.)
Station Time
Depthi/
(meters)
ฐC
Temp
Salinity
(ฐ/oo)
Density
(at)
Dissolved
Oxygen
rag/1
Ammonia
Nitrogen
rag/1
Total
Phosphorus
mg/1
37
1331
1
7.1
30.5
23.89
9.3
. 06
.069
1333
10
6.2
32.0
25.19
6.5
.21
.091
1335
25
6.0
34.0
26.79
5.8
.20
.084
1336
(27)
5.8
31.0
4.2
1830
1
7.4
30.0
23.46
10.4
.05
.078
1831
10
6.2
32.0
25.19
6.9
.22
.094
1833
(25)
6.0
32.0
25.21
6.3
. 06
.051
(3.7)*
28
1147
1
6.8
30.0
23.54
8.4
.08
.067
1149
10
6.3
31.0
24.39
7.8
.10
.069
1150
25
6.2
31.5
24.79
8.4
.04
.055
1153
(35)
6.0
27.0
8.7
1746
1
6.6
31.0
24.38
8.4
.10
.067
1747
10
6.3
31.0
24.39
8.6
.04
.058
1748
25
6.1
32.0
25.20
8.7
.04
.054
1749
(35)
6.0
32.0
25.21
7.3
30
1235
1
7.0
30.5
23.90
8.0
.09
.064
1236
10
6.8
31.5
24.72
8.3
.03
.268
1237
(15)
6.3
31.5
24.78
8.6
.03
.026
1801
1
6.8
31.0
24.33
9.1
.06
.057
1802
10
6.3
32.0
25.18
9.1
.04
.052
1804
(12)
6.2
32.0
25.19
9.0
NOTE:
Morning times
were on ebbing tide.
Afternoon
times were on
flooding tide.
*This
value obtained
about 200 feet from
Station #9 :
in deeper water
i/Depth to bottom may differ from the morning run to
afternoon run
because exact
station location was
not determined by use of radar.
-------
TABLE 3
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 19, 1976
-FLOODING TIDE >ฆ EBBING TIDE-
Station JL/ ฐc Salinity Density D.O. NH3 TP ฐC Salinity Density D.O. NH3 TP
No. Time Depth temp (ฐ/oo) (at) mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 Time Depth Temp (ฐ/oo) (at) mg/1 mg/1 rag/1
1
1325
1
6.1
23.6
18.67
12.2
<.01
.07
1720
1
6.2
20.5
16.25
12.4
<.01
. 02
10
6.2
32.8
25.82
10.4
<.01
.02
10
6.2
32.8
25.82
10.4
<.01
.08
25
6.1
33.2
26.14
9.5
<.01
.03
25
6.1
33.3
26.22
8.5
<.01
.04
50*
4.3
33.9
26.90
4.6
<.01
.08
46*
4.6
33.8
26.79
5.4
<ฆ01
.07
2
1251
1
6.1
22.2
17.51
12.2
<.01
.02
1700
1
6.1
14.0
11.03
13.0
.04
.03
10
6.2
32.7
25.74
10.4
<ฆ01
.02
10
6.2
32.7
25.74
10.3
< .01
.03
25
6.1
33.2
26.15
8.5
<.01
.04
25
6.2
33.2
26.13
8.6
.01
.06
43*
5.4
33.3
26.31
7.0
<.01
.06
30
6.0
33.3
26.23
8.3
.02
.08
3
1309
1
6.1
25.8
20.34
12.3
10
6.2
32.8
25.82
10.5
25
6.1
33.2
26.14
9.7
50
4.2
33.5
26.60
4.5
62*
3.5
33.4
26.60
3.3
4
1233
1
6.0
21.0
16.56
12.5
<.01
.01
1640
1
6.1
21.0
16.57
12.1
<.01
.01
10
6.2
32.7
25.74
10.6
<.01
.02
10
6.2
32.9
25.90
9.9
<.01
.03
25
6.0
33.2
26.15
9.2
<.01
.03
25
6.0
33.3
26.23
9.0
<01
.04
50
4.6
33.5
26.65
5.1
50
60
<.01
.10
60
3.8
33.6
26.48
3.9
<.01
.09
75
3.4
33.5
26.68
3.2
75
3.4
33.7
26.84
3.2
80*
3.1
33.3
26.55
3.1
80*
3.4
33.4
26.60
3.0
7
1208
1
6.1
26.6
20.97
12.7
<01
.01
1620
1
6.2
20.5
16.15
12.6
'.01
.01
10
6.2
32.6
25.67
10.9
<.01
.03
10
6.2
32.9
26.90
10.4
<.01
.03
25
6.0
33.1
26.39
9.6
<.01
.03
25
6.0
33.3
26.23
8.8
<01
.04
52
3.8
33.6
26.52
4.0
<.01
.09
60
3.6
33.6
26.74
3.7
<ฆ01
.09
75
3.5
33.3
26.52
3.6
75
3.5
33.5
26.68
3.4
100
3.2
33.3
26.54
2.8
10O
3.3
33.5
26.69
2.9
107
3.2
33.3
26.54
2.5
108
3.2
33.4
26.62
2.6
1/ Meters
Depth to bottom
-------
TABLE 3 (cont.)
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 19, 1976
FLOODING
TIDE
EBBING
TIDE
tation
ฐC
Salinity
Density
D.O.
NH3
TP
ฐC
Salinity
Density
D.O.
nh3
TP
No.
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/oo)
(ot)
mg/1
mg/l
mg/l
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/oo)
(ot)
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
8
1150
1
6.2
21.5
16.94
12.5
<.01
.03
1605
1
6.2
25.2
19.84
12.0
<.01
.01
10
6.2
32.8
25.72
10.7
.03
.07
10
6.2
33.0
25.98
10.6
<.01
.05
25
5.8
33.3
26.27
9.4
<.01
.17
28*
5.8
33.6
26.50
9.0
<01
.15
9
1125
1
6.0
23.5
18.53
12.4
<.01
.06
1540
1
6.0
23.8
17.77
12.3
<.01
.04
10
6.1
32.9
25.91
10.7
<01
.03
10
6.2
33.2
26.13
10.5
<.01
.07
25
6.0
33.2
26.18
9.9
<.01
.03
25
5.8
33.5
26.42
9.5
<01
.43
44
5.7
33.4
26.36
9.2
<.01
.07
80*
5.7
33.7
26.59
8.5
<.01
.03
11
1105
1
6.1
28.2
22.21
12.0
Sta.
1
6.2
24.6
19.37
12.5
10
6.1
32.8
25.83
10.1
12
10
6.2
33.0
25.98
10.8
25
6.1
33.1
26.07
10.0
e
25
5.8
33.5
26.42
9.5
50*
5.7
33.4
26.73
8.8
1520
48*
5.7
33.6
26.51
8.9
13
1055
1
5.9
25.6
20.18
11.9
1515
1
6.2
20.5
16.15
12.8
10
6.2
32.7
25.74
10.8
10
6.2
33.1
26.06
10.7
16*
6.2
32.9
25.90
10.5
22*
5.8
33.5
26.42
9.3
14
1030
1
6.0
25.8
20.34
11.4
.02
.03
1502
1
6.4
20.1
15.82
12.5
<.01
.03
10
6.2
32.6
25.66
10.7
<01
.03
10
6.2
33.2
26.15
10.1
.02
.07
14*
6.2
32.8
25.82
10.2
.12
.05
14*
6.2
33.2
26.15
9.8
.04
.04
16
1010
1
6.1
31.5
24.89
11.6
<.01
.03
1450
1
6.3
30.3
23.84
12.0
<.01
.04
10
6.1
33.1
26.05
10.7
.03
.03
10
6.2
33.0
25.98
10.9
<.01
.02
15*
6.1
33.5
26.39
10.2
<.01
.03
15*
6.1
33.2
26.14
10.4
<.01
.03
17
1245
1
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.5
<01
.03
1725
1
5.9
32.0
25.23
10.4
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.6
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.3
<.01
.02
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
10.7
<.01
.02
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
10.1
<.01
.03
42*
5.5
32.8
25.90
9.0
<.01
.02
42*
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.1
<ฆ01
.02
-------
TABLE 3 (cont.)
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
in 00 n T nr.
TIDE
DUTCH HARBOR,
OCTOBER 19,
ALASKA
1976
TIDE
:ation
ฐC
r x*\s\JU xii vt
Salinity
Density
D.O.
nh3
TP
ฐC
Salinity
Density
D.O.
nh3
TP
No.
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/oo)
(at)
rag/1
tng/1
mg/1
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ / 00)
(at)
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
IB
0930
1
5.7
27.6
21.75
11.4
<.01
.02
1535
1
6.0
25.4
20.02
11.7
<.01
.02
10
5.9
32.5
25.62
10.4
<.01
.03
10
5.9
32.4
20.56
10.2
.01
.08
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.7
.02
.05
25
5.6
32.8
25.89
7.6
.02
.05
26*
5.5
32.8
25.90
7.2
.01
.06
33*
5.5
32.8
25.90
6.8
.03
.08
19
0950
1
5.7
27.6
21.77
11.6
<.01
.01
1550
1
6.0
28.3
22.30
11.2
<.01
.01
10
5.7
32.5
25.61
9.8
.01
.02
10*
5.9
32.0
25.23
9.8
.03
.03
12*
5.8
32.5
25.63
9.7
.03
.09
12*
5.9
32.8
25.87
8.2
.03
.04
20
0915
1
5.7
27.0
21.30
10.6
.02
.02
1520
1
6.0
19.2
23.01
11.4
<01
.01
10
5.9
32.0
25.23
10.3
.08
.03
10*
5.9
32.4
25.55
9.6
.15
.05
24*
6.0
32.a
25.84
3.7
.46
.09
16*
5.9
32.8
25.37
2.1
2.0
.31
21
1005
1
5.6
28.7
22.65
11.5
<.01
.02
1551
1
5.9
23.3
18.38
11.3
<01
.02
10
6.8
32.4
25.43
10.4
.02
.03
10
5.8
32.0
25.24
9.6
.03
.03
16*
5.8
32.4
25.55
9.7
.05
.06
15*
5.8
32.4
25.56
9.2
.04
.05
22
1010
1
5.9
31.3
24.68
10.8
.01
.02
1555
1
6.0
32.0
25.21
10.3
<ฆ01
.02
8*
5.9
32.4
25.55
10.0
. 10
.22
10*
5.9
32.4
25.55
9.6
.19
.29
23
1015
1
5.8
28.7
22.63
11.1
<.01
.02
1600
1
5.9
30.9
24.36
10.5
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.4
.02
.03
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
9.8
25*
5.7
32.8
25.88
4.5
.46
.15
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
7.8
28
5.7
32.8
25.88
4.2
27*
5.7
32.8
25.88
5.0
24
1035
1
5.6
30.9
24.38
10.9
.03
.03
1610
1
5.9
31.6
24.91
10.8
<01
.03
10
5.7
32.4
25.57
10.4
.02
.03
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.2
.02
.07
25
5.8
32.8
25.88
5.8
.29
.08
25
5.7
32.8
25.58
8.9
.02
.08
28*
5.7
32.8
25.87
4.0
.50
.31
31*
5.7
32.8
25.58
4.1
.41
.14
-------
TABLE 3 (cont.)
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 19, 1976
-FLOODING TIDE EBBING TIDE-
Station
ฐC
Salinity
Density
D.O.
NH3
TP
ฐC
Salinity
Density
D.O.
NH3
TP
No.
Tine
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/o 0)
Cot)
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/oo)
(at)
mg/1
mg/1
mg/
25
1050
1
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.7
<.01
.03
1620
1
6.0
30.6
24.10
10.7
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.8
.03
.03
10
5.9
32.8
25.86
10.1
25
5.8
32.8
25.87
6.0
.31
.08
25
5.9
32.8
25.86
8.4
30*
5.7
32.8
25.88
5.1
2.0
1.6
31*
5.7
32.8
25.86
5.8
26
1105
1
5.8
31.6
24.92
10.8
<.01
.02
1622
1
6.0
29.8
23.48
11.0
10
5.9
32.8
25.86
10.7
.02
.03
10
5.9
32.4
25.55
10.2
25
5.9
32.8
25.86
7.2
.32
.09
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
7.6
36*
5.6
32.8
25.89
4.3
.47
.14
37*
5.7
32.8
25.88
3.6
27
1120
1
5.9
31.6
24.91
10.9
<.01
.02
1630
1
6.0
30.6
24.10
10.9
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.4
.02
.04
10
5.9
32.4
25.55
10.2
.03
.03
25
5.8
32.8
25.87
7.3
.30
.08
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.4
.31
.10
40*
5.7
32.8
25.88
4.5
.46
.14
37
5.7
32.0
25.23
4.2
.49
.19
28
1145
1
5.9
26.9
21.20
11.2
<.01
.02
1645
1
6.0
32.0
25.21
10.8
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.4
.03
.05
10
5.8
32.4
25.55
10.3
<01
.03
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.9
<.01
.03
25
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.0
.25
.08
38*
5.6
32.8
25.89
4.5
2.3
1.3
36*
5.7
32.8
25.88
4.4
.45
.14
29
1155
1
5.8
32.4
25.56
11.0
<.01
.02
1652
1
6.0
31.6
24.89
10.8
10
5.7
32.4
25.57
10.7
.01
.03
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.4
25
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.5
.30
.09
25*
5.8
32.8
25.87
6.0
34*
5.6
32.8
25.89
4.2
.56
.22
33*
5.7
32.8
25.88
4.2
30
1210
1
5.9
32.0
25.23
10.9
<.01
.02
1658
1
6.0
32.0
25.21
10.7
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.1
<.01
.02
10
5.9
32.4
25.55
10.5
<01
.02
25*
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.7
<.01
.03
25*
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.6
<.01
.03
-------
TABLE 3 (cont.)
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 19, 1976
-FLOODING TIDE-
-EBBING TIDE-
u>
tatlon
ฐC
Salinity
Density
D.O.
NH3
TP
ฐc
Salinity
Density
D.O.
NH3
TP
No.
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/oo)
(crt)
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/oo)
(at)
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
31
1225
1
5.9
31.6
24.91
10.9
<01
.02
1710
1
5.9
31.3
24.68
10.7
10
5.7
32.4
25.56
10.6
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.6
20*
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.4
<01
.03
20
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.8
32
1305
1
5.8
32.0
25.40
10.8
<.01.
.02
1745
1
5.9
32.0
25.23
10.8
10
5.8
32.4
25.55
10.5
.03
.04
10
5.9
32.4
25.55
10.3
25
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.6
<01
.03
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.3
34*
5.6
32.8
25.89
3.9
.40
.13
33*
5.7
32.8
25.88
5.1
33
1325
1
5.8
32.0
25.24
10.8
<.01
.02
1750
1
6.0
31.3
24.65
11.0
10
5.8
32.4
25.55
10.5
.02
.03
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.0
25
5.7
32.8
25.98
6.7
.30
.09
25
5.8
32.8
25.87
7.6
30*
5.7
32.8
25.98
4.3
.40
.13
30*
5.7
32.8
25.88
4.1
34
1340
1
5.9
32.4
25.55
10.8
<.01
.03
1800
1
6.0
32.4
25.21
10.6
<.01
.03
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.2
.02
.04
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
9.6
. 04
.04
25
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.5
.15
.06
25*
5.7
32.8
25.88
7.0
.06
.04
36*
5.7
32.8
25.88
3.9
.41
.16
34*
5.7
32.8
25.88
5.1
.39
.16
35
1350
1
6.0
32.4
25.52
10.2
.03
.10
1810
1
6.1
31.6
24. B8
10.0
.01
.04
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
9.9
.03
.04
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
9.4
.06
.06
24*
5.8
32.8
25.87
8.0
3.8
1.3
24*
5.8
32.8
25.87
7.2
.20
.14
36
1352
I
5.9
32.4
25.55
10.9
<.01
.04
1820
1
6.0
32.4
25.21
10.7
10
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.6
.03
.04
10
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.9
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
7.0
.21
.07
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.5
37*
5.7
32.8
25.88
4.5
.41
.13
36*
5.6
32.8
25.89
3.9
37
1359
1
5.9
31.3
25.68
10.0
.04
.07
1830
1
6.0
32.4
25.21
10.4
.05
.06
10
5.8
31.6
24.92
9.3
.05
.04
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.1
.09
.05
16*
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.5
.20
.20
16*
5.7
32.8
25.88
7.6
.24
.11
-------
TABLE 3A
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 24, 1976
-FLOODING TIDE
-EBBING TIDE
U>
Ui
Station
1/
ฐC
Salinity
Density
D.O.
NH3
TP
ฐC
Salinity
Density
D.O.
NH3
No.
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/oo)
(at)
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Time
Depth
Temp
(ฐ/oo)
(at)
mg/1
mg/1
1
1330
1
5.7
31.6
24.93
10.3
<.01
.02
0905
1
5.5
28.3
22.37
10.5
<.01
10
5.6
32.4
25.58
9.8
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.7
<.01
25.
5.6
32.8
25.89
8.7
.02
.05
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.7
.03
55*
4.2
32.8
26.04
3.8
.04
.06
47*
4.7
32.8
25.99
5.8
.01
2
1315
1
5.7
30.9
24.38
10.3
<.01
.02
0855
1
5.9
32.0
25.23
10.2
<01
10
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.9
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.4
<.01
3
20
5.6
32.8
25.89
8.6
, 23
.08
20
5.8
32.8
25.87
8.5
.23
~
TP
mg/1
.02
.02
.05
.06
.02
.02
.08
1300
1245
1
10
25
50
60
-
1
10
25
50
75
100
107
5.8
31.3
24.69
11.0
<.01
.02
5.7
32.8
25.88
10.0
<.01
.02
5.6
32.8
25.89
8.7
<.01
.03
3.5
32.8
26.12
3.0
<.01
CO
! =2 1
5.6
30.6
24.16
10.7
<.01
.01
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.9
<.01
.02
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.6
<.01
.04
4.5
32.8
26.01
<.01
.07
3.3
32.8
26.15
2.3
_
0845
0820
1
10
25
50
60
75
80
1
10
25
50
75
100
107
5.7
31.3
24.70
10.8
<.01
.02
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.0
<.01
.02
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.8
<01
.04
<.01
.10
3.9
32.8
26.08
3.2
::
5.8
31.3
24.69
10.6
<.01
.02
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.9
<.01
.02
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.6
<.01
.03
4.7
32.8
25.99
<.01
.10
3.1
32.8
26.16
2.3
1/ Meters
* Depth to bottom
-------
TABLE 3A (cont.)
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMHONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 24, 1976
-FLOODING TIDE EBBING TIDE-
Station ฐC Salinity Density D.O. NH3 TP ฐC Salinity Density D.O. NH3 TP
No. Time Depth Temp (ฐ/oo) (ot) rag/1 rag/1 mg/1 Time Depth Temp (ฐ/oo) (ot) mg/1 mg/1 mg/1
8
1240
1
5.6
29.8
23.51
10.6
.01
.02
0810
1
5.7
31.6
24.93
10.5
<.01
.02
10
5.7
32.4
25.57
10.2
<.01
.03
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.0
<.01
.02
17
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.4
20
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.4
<.01
.04
9
11
--
~
--
13
--
--
14
1225
1
5.6
30.9
25.38
10.7
<.01
.01
0800
1
5.8
32.0
25.24
10.6
<.01
.02
10
5.7
32.8
25.88
10.0
<.01
.03
10
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.7
<.01
.03
14*
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.1
.06
.04
16
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.3
<.01
.02
16
1220
1
5.7
31.3
24.70
10.2
<.01
.01
0745
1
5.7
31.6
24.93
10.7
<.01
.01
10
5.7
32.4
25.57
10.2
<.01
.02
10
5.8
32.8
25.87
10.1
<.01
.02
20*
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.5
<01
.03
20*
5.8
32.8
25.87
9.4
<.01
.02
17
1540
1
5.7
32.4
25.58
10.4
<01
.01
1120
1
5.7
32.4
25.57
10.3
<ฆ01
.01
10
5.7
32.4
25.58
10.3
<.01
.02
10
5.7
32.4
25.57
10.3
<.01
.01
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
10.0
<.01
.03
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.9
<.01
.02
44*
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.3
<.01
.04
42*
5.6
32.8
25.89
8.9
<.01
.04
-------
TABLE 3A (cont.)
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 24, 1976
tation
No.
Time
Depth
ฐc
Temp
FLOODING
Salinity
(ฐ/oo)
TIDE
Density
(at)
D.O.
mg/1
nh3
mg/1
TP
mg/1
Time
Depth
ฐc
Temp
EBBING
Salinity
(ฐ/oo)
TIDE
Density
(ot)
D.O.
mg/1
nh3
mg/1
TP
mg/1
18
1340
1
10
25*
5.5
5.6
5.6
29.8
32.4
32.8
23.55
25.58
25.89
9.8
9.5
7.2
.02
<.01
.21
.01
.03
.09
0920
1
10*
25
5.9
5.8
5.6
32.0
32.8
32.8
25.23
25.87
25.89
9.6
9.3
7.4
.09
<.01
.07
.04
.03
.06
19
1345
1
10*
5.6
5.8
31.3
32.8
24.71
25.87
9.1
8.8
.05
<.01
.03
.03
0940
1
10*
5.9
5.8
28.7
32.8
22.63
25.87
9.2
8.7
.04
.01
.03
.03
20
1350
1
10
17*
6.0
5.7
5.6
31.3
32.8
32.8
24.65
25.88
25.89
8.1
6.3
3.9
.12
.21
.42
.04
.06
.24
0945
1
10
17*
5.9
5.8
5.8
29.8
32.8
32.8
23.48
25.87
25.87
8.3
7.0
0.0
.15
.18
1.9
.03
.05
.23
21
1400
1
10*
25
5.8
5.7
5.6
32.0
32.4
32.8
25.24
25.57
25.89
8.9
8.1
7.8
.08
.03
.12
.04
.04
.09
0955
2*0*
5.7
5.8
5.7
30.2
32.8
32.8
23.83
25.87
25.88
9.3
8.7
7.8
.04
.04
.09
.03
.04
.05
22
23
1410
1
10*
5.7
5.7
31.3
32.8
24.70
25.88
8.9
7.8
.06
.38
.11
.05
1005
i*
5.7
5.7
31.6
32.0
24.93
25.25
9.2
8.4
.06
.20
.04
.08
24
1420
1
5.7
31.6
24.93
9.6
.02
.02
1010
1
5.7
32.0
25.25
10.1
.02
.02
10
5.7
32.8
25.88
9.2
<.01
.03
10
5.7
32.4
25.57
9.7
<.01
.03
25
5.6
32.8
25.89
7.8
.22
.07
25
5.6
32.8
25.58
8.0
.15
.06
33*
5.6
32.8
25.89
3.7
.41
.13
32*
5.6
32.8
25.58
3.5
.42
.11
-------
TABLE 3A (cont.)
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 24, 1976
-FLOODING TIDE EBBING TIDE-
Station ฐC Salinity Density D.O. NH3 TP ฐC Salinity Density D.O. NH3 TP
No. Time Depth Temp (ฐ/oo) (at) mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 Time Depth Temp (ฐ/oo) (at) mg/1 mg/1 mg/1
25
26
27
1430
1
5.7
30.6
24.14
10.0
.03
.03
1025
1
5.6
31.3
24.71
10.2
.01
.02
10
5.7
32.4
25.24
9.7
.02
.05
10
5.7
32.4
25.67
10.0
.01
.03
25
5.7
32.8
25.88
8.1
.15
.06
25
5.6
32.8
25.89
7.8
.10
.05
38*
5.7
32.8
25.88
3.7
.41
.13
39*
5.6
32.8
25.89
4.0
.40
.14
28
1440
1
5.6
30.6
24.15
10.0
.05
.02
1035
1
5.5
31.3
24.72
10.2
.01
.02
10
5.6
32.4
25.89
10.1
<.01
.04
10
5.7
32.4
24.57
10.1
.01
.03
25
5.6
32.8
25.89
8.0
.16
.07
25
5.6
32.8
25.89
7.6
.10
.05
38*
5.6
32.8
25.89
3.9
.39
.13
39*
5.6
32.8
25.89
3.8
.40
.14
29
30
1525
1
5.7
32.0
25.25
10.2
<.01
.02
1105
1
5.5
31.6
24.95
10.4
<.01
.02
10^
5.8
32.4
25.56
10.3
<.01
.02
10
5.7
32.4
25.57
10.2
.10
.05
25+
5.8
32.8
25.87
8.2
<.01
.02
25*
5.6
32.8
25.89
9.5
<.01
.03
-------
TABLE 3A (cont.)
SALINITY/DENSITY/DISSOLVED OXYGEN/AMMONIA NITROGEN (NH3-N)/TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 24, 1976
-FLOODING TIDE EBBING TIDE-
Station ฐC Salinity Density D.O. NH3 TP ฐC Salinity Density D.O. NH3 TP
No. Time Depth Tenp (ฐ/oo) (ot) mg/1 mg/1 rag/1 Time Depth Temp (ฐ/oo) (ot) mg/1 rag/1 mg/1
31
32
33
u>
VO
34
1415
1
5.6
31.3
24.71
10.2
.04
.02
1045
1
5.5
31.3
24.72
9.6
.03
.02
10
5.7
32.4
25.58
10.0
<.01
.02
10
5.7
32.4
25.57
10.0
<.01
.02
5.6
32.8
25.89
8.4
.13
.05
25
5.6
32.8
25.89
8.0
.13
.05
30*
5.6
32.8
25.89
3.9
.50
.65
35*
5.6
32.8
25.89
3.8
2.2
.90
35
1455
1
5.8
31.6
24.92
9.5
.04
.04
1050
1
5.6
31.3
24.71
9.6
.25
.05
10*
5.7
32.4
25.58
9.3
.01
.03
10
5. 7
32.0
25.26
9.3
.03
.05
24*
5.6
32.8
25.89
5.1
.47
.17
24*
5.7
32.8
25.88
5.5
.96
.23
36
37
1505
1
5.8
31.6
24.92
9.2
.10
.08
10.ป
5.8
32.8
25.87
8.6
.06
.05
20*
5.8
32.8
25.87
6.7
.18
.08
-------
TABLE 4
ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF BOTTOM SEDIMENT SAMPLES
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 9, 1975
o
Station
2
IS
21a
2 Lb
21c
22a
22
35
37
37a
37b
30
Location
Captain's Bay
Captain's Bay
Iliuliuk Harbor
Iliuliuk Harbor
Iliuliuk Harbor
Iliuliuk Harbor
Iliuliuk Bay
Dutch Harbor
Dutch Harbor
Dutch Harbor
Dutch Harbor
Iliuliuk Bay
Unalaska Bay
Lab
Number
Clean
41293
41200
41206
41208
41204
41209
41201
41202
41205
41203
Clean
41207
Percent
Volatile
Solids
Sand ?: Gravel
11.6
16.6
15.5
6.9
10.1
3.4
8.4
12.1
11.3
4.4
Sand r- Gravel
55.6
Percent
Organic
Matter
21.8
20.4
16.4
2.2
8.8
1.3
5.7
10.8
11.1
A.5
73.5
Chemical
Oxygen
Demand
g/kg
255
240
194
25
103
16
103
126
128
52
866
-------
TABLE 5
ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF BOTTOM SEDIMENT SAMPLES
DUTCH HARBOR, ALASKA
OCTOBER 1976
Water
Quality
Station No.
Location
Date
Tine
Lab No.
COD
g/kg
dry vt.
Total
Organic
Nitrogen
mgjg dry
Total
Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
mn/n dry
Ammonia
NH3
ng/ft dry
4
Captain's Bay
10/27/76
1105
44204
62.6
2.6
2.6
.054
2
Captain's Bay
10/27/76
1130
44202
39.0
1.3
1.4
.095
1
Captain's Bay
10/27/76
1137
44201
88.2
3.2
3.2
.034
20
Sub-Base
10/27/76
0940
44220
171.5
5.8
6.5
.72
21
Iliulluk Harbor
10/27/76
1150
44221
76.8
2.6
2.7
.10
24
Illuliuk Bay
10/27/76
1203
44224
107.4
4.2
4.5
.30
-P>
ป-* 34
Dutch Harbor
10/27/76
1215
44234
117.6
3.7
4.0
.32
*Type 1 - Inorganic or aged, stabilised organic deposits.
Type 2 - High carbon, little nitrogen contribution, slow oxygen demand.
Type 3 - Nitrogenous, substantial nitrogen contribution, further stabilization likely.
Type 4 - Actively decomposing sediments, high potential nitrogen release, and high oxygen demand.
Percent
Solids
Volatile
Solids
Percent
Percent
Organic
Matter
Organic*
Sediment
Classification
33.4
9.3
5.4
3
63.4
4.8
3.3
1
38.1
8.1
7.3
3
27.7
13.8
14.4
3
44.9
6.9
6.5
3
20.3
11.0
8.9
3
17.0
11.8
10.0
3
-------
TABLE 6
ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF EFFLUENT AND STREAM SAMPLES
Source of Sample
Date
Time
Ammonia
Nitrogen
mg/1
Total
Phosphorus
mg/1
COD
mg/1
Total
Volatile
Solids
mg/1
Total
Organic
Carbon
mg/1
Pan Alaska Seafoods
10/22/76
1425
290
82
8,100
2,300
3,500
M/V Eastpoint
10/23/76
0905
52
110
6,800
4,400
1,400
M/V Theresa Lee
10/23/76
1500
1.8
9.5
2,600
1,100
300
M/V Sea Alaska
10/23/76
1345
1.4
9.4
1,700
4,600
380
M/V Sea Producer
10/23/76
1425
3.9
22
2,800
2,100
850
M/V Whitney
10/24/76
1045
1.7
9.5
1,300
3,200
160
M/V Unisea
10/24/76
1245
12
7 2
3,700
3,200
1,000
M/V Vita & Viceroy
10/24/76
1345
83
47
3,000
1,000
700
Shaishnikof River
10/25/76
A
o
<.01
Iliuliuk River
10/25/76
r1
o
V
<.01
-------
OCTOBER 1976
Station
No.
Date
16 10/22/76
Time
0900
to
1410
Elapsed Drogue
Time Depth
5.16
10
Direction
of Travel
IINE
Out of
Unalaska B.
14 10/22/76
1024
to
1515
4.84
14 10/22/76
1024
to
1526
5.03
10
SSW
8 10/22/76
1015
to
1522
5.15
8 10/22/76
1015
to
1507
4.90
10
NNW
10/20/76
0920
to
1450
5.5
10/20/76
10/22/76
7 10/22/76
Lost 25 Meter Drogue
1035
to
1447
1005
to
1425
4.19
4.34
NNW
NNW
TABLE 7
DUTCH HARBOR CURRENT STUDIES
FLOOD TIDES
Distance Course
rraveled
Yards
Distances
Yds DIR
Velocity
Knots
Overall
Velocity
Start
Location
End
Location
2300
2300
Zฐ
0.22
0.22
53-54-32
166-33-21
53-55-38
166-32-45
1605
780
825
250ฐ
332ฐ
0.14
0.19
0.16
53-53-23
116-32-54
53-53-45
166-33-43
360
250
110
220ฐ
287ฐ
0.05
0.02
0.035
53-53-23
166-32-54
53-53-19
166-33-51
2260
300
1960
250ฐ
345ฐ
0.05
0.43
0.24
53-52-55
166-33-25
53-53-49
166-33-51
1070
240
830
2529
340ฐ
0.04
0.20
0.12
53-52-55
166-32-25
53-53-19
166-33-51
940
940
242ฐ
0.09
0.09
53-53-22
166-35-08
53-53-49
166-35-07
3245
1100
920
1225
338ฐ
359ฐ
325ฐ
0.37
0.33
0.47
0.39
53-53-26
166-34-39
53-54-07
166-35-43
2765
1695
1070
335ฐ
320ฐ
0.29
0.38
0.34
53-52-28
166-34-13
53-53-44
166-34-53
-------
TABLE 7 (cont.)
OCTOBER 1976 DUTCH HARBOR CURRENT STUDIES
FLOOD TIDES
Station
No.
Date
Time
Elapsed
Time
Drogue
Depth
Direction
of Travel
Distance
Traveled
Yards
Course
Distances
Yds DIR
Velocity
Knots
Overal]
Velocity
Start
Location
End
Location
7
10/22/76
1005
S
290
170ฐ
0.
,05
53-52-28
53-52-19
to
4.08
25
into Captains
350
60
192ฐ
0.
.02
0.35
166-34-13
166-34-14
1410
Bay
1
10/20/76
0945
53-51-43
Same
to
5.25
1
E
100
100
275ฐ
<.
01
<01
166-33-14
Area
1400
1
10/20/76
Same
5.25
25
Circular
500
Circled
< ,
01
<.01
11
19
10/23/76
1055
South
260
172ฐ
0.
08
53-52-38
53-52-49
to
4.75
1
then
1010
470
190ฐ
0.
.43
166-32-18
166-32-12
1540
North
100
87ฐ
0.
,04
0.16
180
4ฐ
0,
.07
19
10/23/76
1055
North
30
355ฐ
0.
.02
53-52-38
53-52-22
to
4.55
10
then Return
710
240
8ฐ
0,
,12
166-32-18
166-32-15
1528
South
240
327ฐ
0.
.09
200
222ฐ
0.
.08
0.08
24
10/23/76
1110
140
0ฐ
0,
.07
53-52-47
53-53-24
to
4.62
1
NE
1540
525
20ฐ
0,
.26
166-31-22
166-31-01
1547
525
25ฐ
0,
.20
350
305ฐ
0.
.14
0.17
24
10/23/76
1110
75
300ฐ
0,
.04
53-52-47
53-52-55
to
4.8
25
NW
510
140
300ฐ
0,
.06
166-31-22
166-31-38
1556
120
342ฐ
0,
.05
175
269ฐ
0.
.07
0.06
34
10/23/76
1119
360
341ฐ
0.
.13
53-53-52
53-54-14
to
4.8
1
N
800
150
341ฐ
0.
.10
166-31-20
166-31-32
1606
180
320ฐ
0,
.07
110
275ฐ
0.
.04
0.09
-------
OCTOBER 1976
Station Elapsed Drogue Direction
Ho. Date Tine Time Depth of Travel
34 10/23/76 1119
to 4.8 25 N
1604
30 10/23/76 1135
to 4.9 1 NNE
1631
30 10/23/76 1135
to 4.9 25 NNE
1625
4S
Ln
TABLE 7 (cont.)
DUTCH HARBOR CURRENT STUDIES
FLOOD TIDES
Distance
Traveled
Yards
Course
Distances
Yds DIR
Velocity
Knots
Overall
Velocity
Start
Location
End
Location
800
360
347ฐ
0.13
53-53-52
53-54-08
240
67ฐ
0.16
166-31-20
166-31-14
170
302ฐ
0.07
30
338ฐ
<.01
0.09
375
47ฐ
0.19
53-54-12
53-54-56
2010
875
293ฐ
0.32
166-29-11
166-29-21
370
2ฐ
0.16
390
352ฐ
0.14
0.20
340
47ฐ
0.17
53-54-12
53-54-39
1450
440
304ฐ
0.17
166-29-11
166-29-05
490
335ฐ
0.21
180
86ฐ
0.06
0.15
-------
TABLE 7 (cont.)
OCTOBER 1976
DUTCH HARBOR CURRENT STUDIES
EBB TIDE
Station
No.
16
16A
16A
Date
Time
General
Elapsed Drogue Direction of Distance Course
Time Depth Travel Traveled Distances
Hours Meters (Magnetic) Yards Yds DIR
Velocity
Knots
Overall
Velocity
Knots
Start
Location
10/22/76 @ 1043
1200
0
345ฐ
0.41
0.46
53-54-32
to
2.73
1
351ฐ N
2,500
1350
0
357ฐ
0.52
166-33-25
10/22/76 0 1337
10/26/76 @ 0915
177ฐ S
1125
0
193ฐ
0.49
53-53-32
to
4.05
1
Into Captains
2,800
650
0
166ฐ
0.27
0.49
166-33-27
10/26/76 0 1318
Bay from
1020
0
166ฐ
0.71
UnalasUa Bay
10/26/76 0915
to
3.75
25
170ฐ S
1,200
360
0
267ฐ
0.16
53-53-32
1300
Towards Mouth
360
0
168ฐ
0.15
0.16
166-33-27
of Captains Bay
470
0
135ฐ
0.16
10/26/76 0900
SE
320
@
169ฐ
0.14
53-53-16
to
3.7
1
Towards
1,360
430
0
120ฐ
0.17
0.18
166-35-06
1242
Captains Bay
610
0
108ฐ
0.23
10/26/76 0900
S
770
320
0
169ฐ
0.14
53-53-16
to
3.78
10
230
0
171ฐ
0.10
0.10
166-35-06
1247
220
0
260ฐ
0.06
10/26/76 0845
to
3.35
1
S
4,300
1320
0
190ฐ
0.62
53-52-17
1206
1100
0
164ฐ
0.52
0.63
166-34-13
1880
0
210ฐ
0.76
10/26/76 0845
to
3.7
10
SSW
1,215
480
0
188ฐ
0.21
53-52-17
1227
110
0
160ฐ
0.05
0.16
166-34-13
625
0
190ฐ
0.21
End
Location
53-55-50
166-33-13
53-52-12
166-33-54
53-53-11
166-33-32
53-52-48
166-34-24
53-53-01
166-35-14
53-50-29
166-35-44
53-51-43
166-34-34
-------
OCTOBER 1976
Station
No.
Date
Time
10/26/76 0835
to
1152
Elapsed Drogue
Tine Depth
tlours Meters
3.22
General
Direction of
Travel
(Magnetic)
SW
10/26/76 0835-0930
1038-1326 ซ4
19 10/25/76 1035
to 3.45
1402
Circular
10 Clockwise
Vicinity Blakely
Ledge
N-S
1 Move Through
Iliuliuk Harbor
and Back
-C-
19
10/25/76 1037
to
1442
4.08
10
Circular Pattern
Inside Harbor
24
24
10/25/76 0940
to 3.25
1255
10/25/76 0940
to 3.92
1335
10
SSE
Towards Shore
@ Head of
Iliuliuk Bay
Curving West
34 10/25/76 0952
to
1427
i.32
E-W
Back & Forth
Across Entrance
to Dutch Harbor
TABLE 7 (cont.)
'CH HARBOR CURRENT STUDIES
EBB TIDE
Distance
Course
Overall
Traveled
Distances
Velocity
Velocity
Start
End
Yards
Yds
DIR
Knots
Knots
Location
Location
3,485
1225
-------
TABLE 7 (cont.)
OCTOBER 1976
DUTCH HARBOR CURRENT STUDIES
EBB TIDE
General
Elapsed
Drogue
Direction of
Distance
Course
Overall
Station
Time
Depth
Travel
Traveled
Distances
Velocity
Velocity
Start
No.
Date
Time
Hours
Meters
(Magnetic)
Yards
Yds
DIR
Knots
Knots
Location
34
10/25/76
0952
SE-NE
190
@
130ฐ
0.09
53-53-51
to
3.88
10
(*~)
1,130
500
0
124ฐ
0.20
0.09
166-30-56
1342
(Note Above)
390
@
323ฐ
0.20
50
0
67ฐ
0.03
125
0
17ฐ
0.10
30
10/25/76
1004
E-W
540
0
116ฐ
0.29
53-54-17
to
2.18
1
Back & Forth
1,140
600
0
83ฐ
0.27
0.28
166-29-27
1215
Across Entrance
to Iliuliuk Bay
30
10/25/76
1004
NW
230
0
342ฐ
0.11
53-54-17
to
2.25
10
Out of
460
230
0
303ฐ
0.09
0.10
166-29-27
End
Location
53-54-08
166-29-45
53-54-30
166-29-27
1219
Bay
4>
00
-------
OCTOBER 1976
PROCESSOR LOCATION
A OUTFALL LOCATION
UNALASKA BAY
WHITNEY FIDALGO OUTFALL
PAN ALASKA - ROYAL ALASKAN OUTFALL
VITA - VICEROY OUTFALL
UNIVERSAL OUTFALL
ILIULIUK
BAY
CAPTAINS
BAY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
UHALASKA
LAKE
M/V SEA ALASKA
M/V SEA PRODUCER
M/V THERESA LEE
PAN ALASKA
M/V ROYAL ALASKAN
M/V EASTPOINT
WHITNEY FIDALGO SEAFOODS
VITA FOOD PRODUCTS
M/V VICEROY
UNIVERSAL SEAFOODS
PACIFIC PEARL
SHA r SHNT.KOF
RIVER
NAUTICAL MTL1-S
49
FIGURE 2
-------
50
FIGURE 3
-------
WHITNEY FIDALGO OUTFALL
PAN ALASKA - ROYAL
ALASKAN OUTFALL
ฉ WATER QUALITY STATION
A WASTE OUTFALL LOCATION
51
FIGURE 4
-------
ILIULIUK HARBOR DUTCH HARBOR AND
I I INNER ILIULIUK BAY OUTER
CAPTAINS BAY I | ILIULIUK BAY
f~ A ^Kp y
50"
100-
u
Ci-i
M
U
<
UJ
u
hJ
'wO
G
o
in
UJ
<
erf
UJ
<3
U
H
IT.
cc
>
>
>
ฃ
BOTTOM PROFILE ALONG TRANSECT FROI1 HEAD
OF CAPTAINS BAY THROUGH ILIULIUK HARBOR AND ILIULIUK
BAY TO OUTER ILIULIUK BAY.
APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF SEAFOOD PROCESSING WASTE OUTFALLS ARE SHOWN.
FIGURE 5
-------
53
FIGURE 6
-------
54
FIGURE 7
-------
APPENDIX
55
-------
'
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES OF
CRAB PROCESSORS AT
UNALASKA AND AMAKNAK ISLANDS,
ALASKA
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
DENVER, COLORADO
AND
REGION X, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
January 1977
57
-------
WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES OF CRAB PROCESSORS
AT UNALASKA AND AMAKNAK ISLANDS, ALASKA
In compliance with the National Pollution Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES), provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended, (33 U.S.C. + 1251 et. seg.; the Act) the Environmental Protection
Agency, Region X authorized, in April 1975, the seafood processing facil-
ities in the vicinity of Unalaska and Amaknak Islands to discharge seafood
wastes into the adjacent receiving waters.
The seafood processing operations in the vicinity of Unalaska and
Amaknak Islands are classified under the NPDES permit system as a "remote"
area. The waste treatment requirement for this classification is to grind
and discharge either directly into adjacent waters or by cross-island piping
into less active areas.
It has been observed through recent investigations by the EPA that
water quality problems associated with seafood processing are a direct
function of receiving water conditions.* In areas with high tidal ranges
and strong currents, waste materials can be rapidly dispersed. In more
quiescent waters, accumulations of waste materials often result in sludge
banks, shell piles, dissolved oxygen depressions, and associated aesthetic
problems. The waters separating Unalaska and Amaknak Islands can be
classified as comparatively quiescent; tidal range is 1.13 m and the tidal
current in Dutch Harbor is inappreciable. In Iliuliuk Harbor the current
velocity does not exceed 1 knot.** Therefore, it was anticipated that solid
wastes (sludge and shell) would, in all probability, accumulate in the
receiving waters adjacent to the seafood processors in these harbors.
A study to determine the extent of water quality problems and to
obtain information supporting effluent limitations in the NPDES permits
for the seafood processing operations at Unalaska and Amaknak Islands,
Alaska, was conducted by Region X and National Enforcement Investigations
Center (NEIC) personnel from October 20-27, 1976.
The objective of the study was to evaluate permit conditions
prohibiting more than 7.6 cm (3 inches) accumulation of seafood wastes
at a 30 meter (98 ft) radius of each crab processing plant outfall.
Observations of bottom conditions were made by SCUBA divers at
all crab processing plant outfalls. At each location a team of divers
examined the dispersion patterns of crab waste by conducting a general
underwater reconnaissance of the bottom in the vicinity of the discharge.
* Evaluation of Waste Disposal Practices of Alaska Seafood Processor, EPA,
NEIC-D - Region X. December 1974.
** US Coast Pilot #9, Pacific and Arctic Coasts, Seventh (1964) Edition, US
Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
58
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Pertinent data collected relating to the discharge area concerned the
location, depth, and direction of the discharge pipe as well as the general
bottom topography and current features likely to disperse the ground
crab waste.
Following this preliminary investigation, core samples of crab
processing wastes were collected at points 30 meters from the discharge.
Later these core samples were examined and photographed to verify the
actual depth of waste deposits. (Figures
To supplement the observations made within the waste discharge
area, additional diving examinations were conducted around, and in some
cases under, the processing plant operation to ascertain possible
alterations in the bottom conditions. (Figures
These investigations indicated the heavy build-up of crab waste
deposits was caused by an apparent lack of bottom scouring or dispersion
by tidal currents. Sludge deposits were observed in areas where crab
wastes were discharged, ground or unground, in quiescent and relatively
shallow water.
These conclusions are supported by visual observations of the dispersion
patterns and their depth by biologically trained EPA SCUBA divers.
In summary, NPDES permit violations occurred at the discharges from
the following seafood processing operations: M/V EASTPOINT, M/V UNISEA,
M/V VICE ROY, and BARGE VITA I, M/V THERESA LEE, M/V ALASKA and M/V SEA
PRODUCER. (Table
Presented below is a brief evaluation of conditions found at each
of the crab processing plants.
59
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NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
60
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NAUTICAL MILES
I I 1
O 1 2
Amaknak and Unalaska Islands
Alaska - Aleutian Islands
October 1976
61
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03
NAUTICAL MILES
I I I
O 1 2
01 - EASTPOINT
02 - UNISEA
03 - PACIFIC PEARL
04 - VICEROY and VITA
05 - PAN ALASKA
- ROYAL ALASKA
06 - WHITNEY FIDAL60
07 - THERESA LEE
08 SEA ALASKA
- SEA PRODUCER
Crab Processing Plants
Amaknak and Unalaska Islands
Alaska - Aleutian Islands
October 1976
62
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Crab Plant Discharges
Amaknak and Unalaska Islands
Alaska Aleutian Islands
October 1976
63
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M/V EASTPOINT AK-002025-7
This is a floating crab processor docked on the northeast shore of
Iliuliuk Harbor just inside the east entrance channel. The discharge of
waste material is through a lightweight flexible rubber metal hose
unattached to the bottom. Consequently, the final discharge point is
dependent on the direction and force of the tidal current or the discharge
pressure. About 30 meters from the point of discharge on the inside of
the entrance channel waste deposits range from 25 to 36 cm in depth at
water depths of 13 meters. In a south and southeast direction there are
only traces of crab waste at a water depth of 30 meters. From the point
of discharge to mid-channel the bottom falls off sharply to depths of
30 meters. In a southeast direction from the point of land the water
remains relatively shallow to Iliuliuk Reef and beyond. Because of the
narrow tidal range in this area the effect of tidal currents is negligible
in the channel.
--r-
Current Flow
/ฆ*>&ฆ& tV-.-vV
. ',*>> v % ~
. v ,.<ซซ j: * j r-yx
v f-. - 'iVc1 f
25 to 36cm
Deposit's
ฆ v.v7,ปv.'. -^vv,-'- v v <*c.-
5cm' V'.' V.".
^ Traces
ฆ A'. A'/ *.\r -'v.v> s*'} V i- rป xVis>-- 1 tV '/Vป
ฆ30m Wate
Water Depc^
'"v
S
Effluent Pipa
64
r = 30 meters
(98')
7.5 cm = 3 inche5
-------
M/V UNI SEA AK-002526-7
This is a floating crab processor docked on the north shore of Expedi-
tion Island in Iliuliuk Harbor. Ground crab waste from this operation is
transported through a cross-island pipe and discharged at a depth of 17
meters in Unalaska Bay on the west side of Amaknak Island. The end of the
pipe is secured to a tripod about 2 meters above the bottom.
At four points at a radius of 30 meters from the discharge pipe in a
north to southwest zone, waste accumulations exceeded the limits prescribed
by the NPDES permit. At the north point the accumulation was 8 to 10 cm,
at the northwest point it was 23 to 25 cm, at the western point, at a
water depth of 23 meters, it was 38 cm, and at the southwest point it was
8 to 10 cm. Directly west of the discharge pipe the crab wastes form a
mound 13 meters long, 7 meters wide, and 4 meters high. Only traces of
crab waste settled inshore of the discharge.
Current flow appeared to be along the shoreline in a north-south
direction depending on the tidal phase. The extent of the accumulated waste
and the definite westerly settling patten was a strong indication that the
bottom currents were negligible.
N
Current
Flow
38cm Deposits
Water Deptl
32m
fluent Pipe
65
r a 30 meters
(98')
7.5 cm * 3 Inches
-------
PACIFIC PEARL AK-000125-2
This is a stationary crab processing operation located on the west side
of Unalaska Island on the shore of Captain's Bay. The end of the discharge
pipe is in a depth of 18 meters at the face of the loading dock.
Crab waste from this facility accumulated to a depth of 13 to 15 cm in
the immediate vicinity of the discharge. Further offshore, in a northwest
direction, the deposits were 5 to 8 cm at a water depth of 19 meters. No
significant accumulations were found at the 30 meter radius of the discharge.
Large crab sections were evident among the deposit which indicates that the
grinder, at times, was working inefficiently.
Captain's Bay lies in a north-south direction at Unalaska Island and
like the surrounding terrain is very sharp sided. The current flow, although
not appreciable at the time of these observations, were apparently of
sufficient magnitude to keep the deeper portions of the bottom adjacent to
the outfall clear of heavy accumualtions of crab waste. Surface currents
follow the contour of the shoreline and flow in a north-south direction.
Current
Flow
Effluent Pipe
66
r = 30 meters
(98')
7.5 cm = 3 inches
-------
M/V VICEROY AK-000068-0
BAKtit VITA-I AK-000069-8
These operations are floating crab processors docked along the north-
west shores of Iliuliuk Harbor. Combined crab waste from these two facilities
is transported through a cross-island pipe and discharged tato Unalaska Bay
on the west side of Amaknak Island. The discharge pipe terminates about 2
meters above bottom. From shore the combined waste is carried in a steel
pipe and then a plastic pipe which is ruptured about 23 meters from the end.
Observations at the 30 meter radius of the pipe rupture indicated
heavy accumulations of crab waste in a north to southwest section. A sample
taken at the southwest point, in a water depth of 18 meters, showed a
deposit of waste more than 14 cm in depth. In a southeast direction the
deposits fluctuated around 1 cm.
Bottom topography in this area can be classified as sloping gradually.
Current flow appears to follow the shoreline in a north-south direction
depending on the phase of the tide. The amount of accumulated waste and
the southwest settling pattern was an indication that the bottom currents
are negligible.
Current
Flow
>14cm Deposit
lcm Deposit
uent Pipe
67
r = 30 meters
(98')
7.5 cm = 3 inches
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PAN ALASKA AK-000027-2
W/V O.S. RUYAL ALASKAN AK-002493-7
The Pan Alaska operation is a stationary facility loqated at the end
of a peninsula on Unalaska Island in the southeast sector',of Iliuliuk Harbor.
Royal Alaskan is a floating crab processor located in the same general area
and docked at a pier running parallel to the entrance channel to Iliuliuk
Harbor. Combined crab waste from these two processors is transported through
a cross-island pipe and discharged at a depth of 12 meters into Unalaska Bay
on the west side of Amaknak Island. An underwater rupture appears in the
pipe about 15 meters before it reaches the point of discharge.
Heavier deposits from this discharge were within the 30 meter radius
of the discharge point. Only light traces of the more finely ground waste
were evident in the outer reaches. However, at this outer edge there were
noticeable quantities of dead and dying shellfish under this light layer
of crab waste. (Figure
Bottom topography in this area is of a steady sloping type. Current
flow appears to be along the shoreline in a north-south direction depending
on the phase of the tide. The volume of accumulated waste and its general
dispersion around the outfall indicate^ negMglDle current forces.
ป.
Dead Shellfish
Current Flow
Discharge
wr
Light\traces
Gills1 etc:
jr\
Effluent Pipe
68
r = 30 meters
(98')
7.5 cm = 3 Inchฎ5
-------
figure Dead and dying shellfish in the discharge area of the
PAN ALASKA and M/V 0. S. ROYAL ALASKAN.
69
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WHITNEY FIDALGO AK-002618-2
This is a floating crab processing facility docked on the north shore
of Iliuliuk Harbor. The resulting crab waste from the operation is trans-
ported through a cross-island pipe and discharged at a depth of 13 meters
into Unalaska Bay on the west side of Amaknak Island.
Observations made by SCUBA divers along the bottom in the general area
of crab waste settling showed a relatively clean situation. This was
apparently a result of the infrequent operation of this processing operation.
Bottom topography in this area is a steady sloping type. Current flow
appeared to be in a north-south direction and the force is negligible.
{Figure
r
Current
Flow
5Fs:?f^rge
27 m
water depth
/
/
Effluent Pipe
70
r = 30 meters
OS')
7.5 cm - 3 1"c
-------
Figure A sea anemone being buried by ground crab waste.
71
-------
M/V THERESA LEE AK-000062-1
This is a floating crab processor docked at a pier along the northwest
shore of Dutch Harbor on Amaknak Island. Crab waste from ithis facility is
discharged into Dutch Harbor through a flexible pipe tied to the anchor
cable at a depth of 12 meters. This method of securing the pipe causes a
whiplash effect during periods of discharge. (Figure
Heavy deposits of crab waste from this operation have accumulated
throughout the general area. At a point southeast of the discharge, at
the 30 meter radius, deposited waste reached an approximate depth of 1.2
meters. The water depth at this point is 30 meters. Extensive patches
of foam were evident in the immediate area of the discharge during time of
processing. (Figure
The bottom topography is typical of the adjoining land terrain and as
such falls of rapidly. The heavy accumulation of crab waste and the general
shape of the harbor would suggest that current forces are insufficient
to scour the wastes from the bottom.
Current
Flow
Effluent Pipe
^Deposit
30m Water Depth
t ฆ'*- V' *S!> VwSSCfS* <' ?.
4-
72
r a 30 meters
(98')
7.5 cm - 3 inches
-------
Figure Discharge pipe of the M/V THERESA LEE secured to the
anchor chain.
-------
Figure Core sample taken at a point 30 meters from the discharqe
of the M/V THERESA LEE. Backboard is marked in inches.
74
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M/V SPA ALASKA AK-002257-8
M/V Si.A PRODUCER AK-002250-1
These floating crab processors are docked at a pier in the northern
sector of Dutch Harbor on the eastern shore of Amaknak Island. The combined
crab waste from these two facilities is discharged into Dutch Harbor through
a single pipe at a depth of 23 meters.
Extremely heavy deposits of crab waste from these processors surround
this outfall. Divers observations indicated a conical mound of waste
approximately 8 meters high and 12 meters wide at the base, tapering off
to about 1 meter in depth at an eastern point of the 30 meter radius of
the discharge. (Figure
These processors are located in a dead-end pocket of Dutch Harbor
where there is apparently no current of any magnitude available to disperse
the crab waste. Consequently an extreme build-up is expected to continue.
-------
mf,
| SEA
KA
PRODUCE).
"V?3/76
Figure Core sample taken at a point 30 meters from the M/V SEA
ALASKA and M/V SEA PRODUCER discharge. Backboard is
marked in inches.
76
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Table
CRAB WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS
Processor
NPDES Permit Type
Location
Disposal Method
Remarks
NPDES Compliance
M/V EASTPOINT
M/V UNI SEA
PACIFIC PEARL
M/V VICEROY
Barge VITA I
AK-002025-7 Floater
AK-002525-7 Floater
AK-000125-2 Stationary
AK-000063-0
AK-000069-8
Floaters
IIiuliuk Hb.
Amaknak Is.
IIiuliuk Hb.
Amaknak Is.
Captain's Bay
Unalaska Is.
IIiuliuk Hb.
Amaknak Is.
Ground waste discharged
into IIiuliuk Hb. through
flexible hose.
Ground waste discharged
cross-island into
Unalaska Bay.
Ground and unground
waste discharged into
Captain's Bay.
Combined ground waste
discharged into
Unalaska Bay.
Pipe not secured to No
bottom. Discharge point
dependent on tical phase.
Deposits round 4 meters No
high, 13 meters long and
7 reters wide in front
of pipe.
Indications of inefficient Yes
grinder.
Ruptured plastic pipe No
before discharge point.
Heavy deposits north and
west.
PAN ALASKA
M/V ROYAL ALASKAN
AK-000027-2
AK-002493-7
Stationary
Floater
WHITNEY FIDALGO AK-002613-2 Floater
M/V THERESA LEE AK-000062-1 Floater
IIiuliuk Hb.
Amaknak Is.
IIiuliuk Hb.
Amaknak Is.
Dutch Hb.
Amaknak Is.
Combined ground waste
discharged into
Unalaska Bay.
Ground waste discharged
into Unalaska Bay.
Ground waste discharged
into Dutch Hb. Pipe
secured to anchor
chain at 12 meters.
Ruptured pipe before Yes
discharge point. Dead and
dying shellfish around
perimeter of deposits.
This processor not in Yes
operation. Bottom fairly
clean.
Heavy deposits of waste No
in southeast direction
of discharge.
M/V SEA ALASKA AK-002257-8 Floaters Dutch Hb.
M/V SEA PRODUCER AK-002250-1 Amaknak Is.
Combined ground waste
discharged into Dutch Hb.
Heavy deposits of waste
around discharge point
and at 3C meter radius.
No
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78
6 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE I977--797.838< 135 REGION
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