E PA-420-R-92-105
METHODOLOGY TO CALCULATE NONROAD EMISSION
INVENTORIES AT THE COUNTY AND SUB-COUNTY LEVEL
Final Report
Prepared for:
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
2565 Plymouth Road
Aim Acfcor, Michigan
Prepared by:
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS, INC.
1655 North Fort Myer Drive, Suite 600
Arlington, Virginia 22209
July 1992
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION L
2. METHODOLOGY TO DERIVE EQUIPMENT POPULATION ADJUSTMENT FACTORS . 4
2.1 Overview 4
2.2 Equipment Population Adjustment Factors 5
2.3 EPA's NEVES and Equipment Population Errors 9
3. EMISSION INVENTORIES CALCULATION METHODOLOGY 15
3.1 Inventory A Calculation Methodologies 15
3.2 Inventory B and A+B/2 Calculation Methodologies 19
4. AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM AREA AND MOBILE SOURCE
(AIRS/AMS) INPUTS 21
*~.1 Overview 21
4.2 Annual Activity Levels 21
4.3 Emission Factors 22
4.4 Period Throughputs 23
4.5 Adjustment Factors 23
5. GENERAL GUIDE TO THE INVENTORY TABLES AND COMPUTER DISKETTES . . 24
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
1
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1. INTRODUCTION
The Clean Air Acc Amendments of 1990 required EPA Co conduct a study to
determine the contribution of nonroad engines to the nonattainment of Federal
standards for ambient ozona and carbon monoxide concentrations in selected
metropolitan areas. EPA's Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study (NEVES),
completed in November of 1991, presented the estimated emission inventories
for 24 metropolitan areas designated as nonattainment for ozone and/or carbon
monoxide (CO), Since then, however, some of the nonattainment boundaries for
ozone and CO have been changed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (40 CFR Part 31, "Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning
Purposes." November 6, 1991). As a result, new emission inventories for the
24 areas in NEVES must be calculated to reflect the updated nonattainment
boundaries for ozone and CO.
En order to estimate emission Inventories for nonroad equipment that reflect
cha nonatcalnment CO and ozone boundaries in a given region, it is necessary
to estimate inventories at the county and sub-county level. These sub-
regional inventories can then be aggregated to derive inventories for each
nonattainment metropolitan area. The methodology to derive regional nonroad
equipment emission inventories is described in EISA's report to EPA entitled
MeChodolozv To EscLmace Nonroad Equipment Populations By ffonact&inment Area
(September 30, 1991). In that analysis, EEA estimated equipment populations
for each metropolitan area using linear relationships between economic
activity indicators and equipment category populations. County level activity
indicators w«re sunned across each metropolitan area and these totals were
utilized In the corresponding fitted regression to arrive at equipment
population estimates for each of the 24 metropolitan areas in the study As
in EPA's NEVES, the areas in that analysis did not account for counties or
portion of counties not in the final CO and ozone nonattainment boundaries as
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defined more recently by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Appendix A presents the 24 metropolitan areas included in EPA's original NEVES
by county. Current OAQPS nonattainment designations for GO and ozone are
presented for each county. Nine additional metropolitan areas for which
nonroad equipment emission inventories have been calculated in this study are
also presented in the Appendix. These 9 additional areas have been classified
by OAQPS to be in "serious" or above nonattainment status for/ozone and
"moderate-2" or above status for CO.
The NEVES study designated the inventory derived with EEA's methodology as
"Inventory A", while Industry submissions were aggregated to derive an
inventory designated as "Inventory B". Section 2 of this report describes
EEA's methodology to calculate Inventory A emission inventories for nonroad
equipment that reflect CO and ozone nonattainment boundaries defined in the
Federal Register (56 FR 56, 694 "Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning
Purposes", November 6, 1991).1 It also presents a discussion of equipment
population estimation errors found in NEVES and how these errors have led to
differences between the emission inventories presented in that study and the
unadjusted emission inventories calculated in this analysis.
Section 3 of this report presents the equations used to calculate emission
inventories by pollutant, and explains the derivation of Inventory B
emissions, at the county and CMSA level, that reflect the actual CO and ozone
nonattainment boundaries.2 Inventory B emissions are available only for the
24 areas included in original NEVES.
1 Inventory A emissions are compiled from commercially available
marketing research data and publicly available indices of economic activity
used to estimate county and CMSA equipment populations.
2 Inventory B emissions are complied from manufacturer-provided data for
almost all equipment categories.
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Section 4 presents the methodologies to calculate the Area and Mobile Source
(AMS) inputs required by OAQPS and the states to compile emission inventories
for the nonroad sector.
Finally, Section 5 presents a generalized guide to the emission inventory
tables and computer diskettes produced for each of the 33 metropolitan areas
and included as separate attachments to this report.
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2. METHODOLOGY TO DERIVE EQUIPMENT POPULATION
ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
2.1 OVERVIEW
The contribution of nonroad equipment to the emission inventories of selected
nonattainment areas is determined by an equipment's population in a given
region, the average load factor at which the equipment's engine is operated,
the average annual hours of use of the engine, the horsepower rating of the
engine, and the emission factor attributable to the engine. Data on all
parameters described above were developed at the metropolitan area level under
the assumption that, with the exception of equipment populations, all other
emission parameters remain constant at the county or sub-county level.
Emission inventories presented in EPA's NEVES were developed under the premise
that the nonattainment boundary (irrespective of pollutant type) for each
metropolitan area is comprised of entire counties defining the CMSA, MSA,
NECMA, or Air Basin In contrast, OAQPS has designated only portions of
counties as nonattainment for CO and/or ozone in many metropolitan areas In
some cases, whole counties within a particular metropolitan area, included as
part of the nonattainment area in NEVES, have been designated as being in
attainment for ozone and/or CO.
As a result, equipment population estimates, previously developed for entire
counties and metropolitan areas, must be adjusted to include only equipment
used within the nonattainment CO and/or ozone boundary, as defined by OAQPS
Adjustments to emission inventories (Inventory A) presented in EPA's NEVES
must be made through changes In county populations of nonroad equipment, since
load factors, annual hours of use, emission factors, average horsepower, and
seasonality factors remain constant throughout a county. This section reviews
EEA's methodology to recalculate CO and ozone emission inventories that
reflect actuaL nonattaLnment boundaries.
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2.2 EOairaEHT POPOTATION ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
The methodology to recalculate emission inventories for true nonattainment
areas is an -extension of the methodology described in EEA's report to EPA
entitled Hechodelogy To Estimate Nonroad Equipment Populations Br
Non&ccaLnment: Area and the methodology described in EPA's NEVES. For Lawn &
Garden, Airport Service, Recreational, Light Commercial, Industrial,
Construction, and Logging equipment categories, EEA's methodologies, and
corresponding equipment population estimates, were incorporated into EPA's
NEVES. However, it should be noted that EPA employed different equipment
population estimation methodabajifts for jtc ic.\iltux&1 tquipTaent and
Recreational Marine Engines.3 Using the methodologies described in EEA's
report and those particular to NEVES, county populations by equipment type can
be estimated and then adjusted to reflect nonattainment boundaries. Such a
procedure was applied to the original 2k metropolitan areas as well as the
additional 9 afeas new to this analysis.
The procedure eo calculate populations at the county and sub-county level
involves the following steps:
• First, activity indicators used in the previous analysis are
employed at the county level to determine equipment populations
by equipment type and county.
• Second, counties in a CMSA, or portion of counties, not in the
final CO and/or ozone nonattainaent boundaries are identified
' Third, those counties, or portion of counties, not in the final
CO or ozone nonattainment boundaries are excluded from the
emission inventory calculation for the CMSA or county. This Is
accomplished through adjustments to county level equipment
3 Agricultural Equipment populations were estimated by EPA using Census
of Agriculture data provided by EEA, rather than the functional relationship
between equipment population and agricultural activity developed by EEA
through regression analysis. Recreational Marine Engine populations were
estimated by EPA using boat registration data at the county level supplied by
EEA, manufacturer supplied boat population distributions at the county level
(where actual county registrations wtt not available from E.EA) , and EE&'s
methodology to determine engine populations from boat registration data,
rather than the methodology described in EEA's report to EPA.
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populations using demographic or geographic indicators. For
many counties, the population adjustment factor will be
different for CO versus ozone. Independent sets of adjustment
factors for CO and ozone are created for each county in the
particular CMSA.
• Finally, adjusted county equipment populations are
disaggregated by diesel and gasoline 2-stroke/4-stroke using
national distributions found in EPA's final report.
Once equipment populations have been adjusted to reflect whole counties or
partial counties not in the final nonattainment area, the equipment's annual
hours of use, load factor, emission factor, average horsepower, and
seasonality adjustment (as reported in EPA's final report) are employed to
derive county and CMSA emission inventories.
Integral to the calculation of nonattainment boundary emission inventories is
the development of indicators to determine equipment populations at the sub-
county level, since often only part of a county is classified as
nonattainment. For lawn and garden, light commercial, industrial, and
construction equipment, sub-county populations are determined through the
following calculation:
SUBCNTYtj - CNTYkJ x (SUBPOPi/CNTYPOP^)
where, SUBCNTYtJ is sub-county i's population of equipment type J, CNTYkJ is
county k's population of equipment type j, and SUBPOP1/CNTYPOPk is the ratio
of the number of people in the sub-county region to the number of people in
that region's county. Note that sub-county i is a portion (e g , a township
or borough) of county k.
* For example, if only certain townships in Essex County, NJ are
classified as nonattainment for CO, then equipment populations for Essex
County are adjusted to only include equipment used in the relevant township
before CO inventories are calculated. Depending on the equipment type, the
adjustment factor may be the ratio of the number of people living in the
townships to the number of people living in Essex County.
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While sub-county equipment populations can be approximated for lawn and
garden, light commercial, industrial, and construction equipment categories
using indices describing relative human populations, the population of
recreational, agricultural and logging equipment in a given region is expected
to be inversely related to the number of people living in the region For
example, it is unlikely that there are many off-road motorcycles, ATV's, farm
tractors, or snowmobiles in highly populated sections of Queens or the Bronx
Therefore different indicators were developed for these equipment types.
For recreational equipment the problem is more complex since a methodology is
needed to distribute equipment from the CMSA to the county level.
Recreational equipment populations are distributed based on SIC 557 -
Motorcycle Dealers - as the activity indicator. Although this activity
indicator may accurately characterize statewide and CMSA recreational
equipment populations, it does not reflect county level populations since
dealers are thinly spread over a state and supply different regional markets.
EEA has developed the following methodology to distribute recreational
equipment to the county levels:
• First, the CMSA population density is calculated.
• Second, those counties characterized by a population density
that is greater than the population density of the CMSA are
assigned zero populations of recreational equipment. This
assures that counties such as Queens or Bronx, where no
recreational equipment is expected to be used, are not allotted
recreational equipment populations.
• Third, for the counties characterized by a population density
that is less than that of the CMSA, the CMSA recreational
equipment populations are distributed to each county using the
following equation:
CNTYu - AREAPOPkj x ((AREA)t / Sun(AREA)t]
where, CNTY^ is county i's population of recreational equipment type
J, AREAPOPkJ is the population of recreational equipment type j in
the CMSA (of which county i is a part of), and the ratio in the
brackets is the county i's area divided by the sum, from 1-1, 2,
n, of the area for all counties in the CMSA characterized by a
population density that is less than that of the CMSA.
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Given county estimates, sub-county recreational equipment populations can be
derived using the same process described above, except that the equation must
be' ~ ~
SUBCNTYij - CNTYkJ x ((AREA)! /
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estimated population of airport service equipment in that airport is
distributed evenly across the counties.
While the above procedures can be easily applied to those counties whose
boundaries are defined by townships or boroughs, demographic or geographic
data are not readily available for portions of counties designated as
nonattainment but defined by road/highway boundaries, central business
districts, election districts, or other unconventional schemes.
As shown in Appendix A, the following metropolitan areas had at least one
county whose nonattainment boundary for CO and/or ozone was defined by an
unconventional scheme: Anchorage, Phoenix, Tucson, South Coast, San Joaquin,
San Diego, Baltimore, Denver, Chicago, St. Louis, Las Vegas, El Paso,
Philadelphia, Spokane, and Seattle-Tacoma. In these cases, data describing
human populations and land area were compiled from discussions with regional
EPA offices, local (i e., county) air management districts, and/or city
planning departments. Estimates were provided on human population and land
area for all relevant boundaries except El Paso County for which only a human
population estimate was available
2.3 EPA'S NEVES AND EQUIPMENT POPULATION ERRORS
In the course of updating the emission inventories for the original 24
metropolitan areas several errors were detected In the equipment estimation
procedures used in EPA's NEVES. These errors were consistent across the 24
metropolitan areas and pertained to all Recreational Marine engines, Airport
Service Equipment, and generator sets
In estimating the population of generator sets by engine type (diesel,
gasoline, or LPG), EPA used an incorrect 2-stroke/4-stroke split for gasoline
powered generator sets. The gasoline 2-stroke/4-stroke split for generator
sets was reported by EEA at 0 75X 2-stroke to 99 251 4-stroke. EPA
incorrectly used a 9X 2-stroke penetration rate which, in fact, is the
penetration rate for LPG/CNG powered generator sets. The new, updated
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emission inventories for generator sees incorporate the correct splits and
penetration ratas.
In the case of Airport Service Equipment, the equipment population estimates
by EEA excluded many relevant airports in some of the original metropolitan
areas. For those metropolitan areas affected by the omissions, new population
estimates were derived to include equipment used in the omitted airports
Table 2-1 shovs the airports which were added for this study and their
relevant airport activity by metropolitan area. Of course, the omission of
airports resulted in equipment population estimates chat were too low for
Airport Service Equipment. The new, updated emission inventories for these
equipment include all relevant airports contained within the nonattalnment
boundaries of a given CMSA.
The most significant error found in NEVES was in the population estimates of
Recre&tLonal Marine engines. The estimation procedure used for this equipment
category is conpLex. This procedure relies on boat registration data at the
state and county levels and a scheme that recognizes for the fact that various
types of boats employ more than one engine. State level boat registration
data is compiled by length of boat and propulsion type, while county level
registration data is only available at the aggregate total boat count level
As a result, state level distributions by boat length and propulsion type are
used to distribute county boat totals to the same level of disaggregation.
The assumption is made that the distribution of a state's boat population by
boat length and propulsion type is constant across the state's counties. To
account for the fact that many longer vessels have more than one engine,
various manufacturers were contacted to acquire information as to the expected
number of engines by length of boat and propulsion system. A weighting
scheme, detailed in Mechodolopv co Estimate Nonroad Equipment PoouLacions by
Nonatcainmenc Areas, was developed by EEA to estimate engine populations from
boat registrations at the state and county levels. While this methodology was
eventually employed by EPA for the development of NEVES, many versions of
different methodologies were circulated between EEA and EPA. In an effort to
respond to manufacturers' comments and criticisms, EPA decided to employ a
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Table 2-1
Ma^or Mr Carrier
Airporcs
(Itinerant Operations)
—
Total
kir Carrier
Nonattainment AreT ~
Airporcs
Operations
Operations
Sat timore CMSA
•3.-il t imore/Uash i ngton Itnl.
305,537
158,792
Chicago CMSA
Ch icago Midway
315,583
124,258
O'Hare International
789,584
620,090
Denver CHSA
St.iplcton International
<68.236
323,165
Houston CMSA
¦Oboy A 1rport
254,887
116,274
Houston Intercontinental
294,001
207,163
MiIwaukee Cmsa
MltClieU Airport
178,922
73,655
Philadelph ia Chsa
Ph\I ade^phia lri;ernationaV
383,279
181,343
¦Hi I 1 v 111 e Munic 1031
110,100
100
Seattle-Tacoma CMSA
Seattle Seeing
252,387
7,914
Scattle-Tacoma International
327,027
180,145
Boston NECMA
Logan Airport
417, 111
239,281
Zz~Cj-1'^ r Sa*i n
Iin^ourg Airpc r t
206,934
114,704
Spokane CSA
Spvanc International
102,216
27,609
f• Field
86,266
2
St. Louis CMSA
St .out; in: ;; rat • ."-ll
425,257
283,436
Washington, CC CMSA
lu' .J Airocr¦
232,915
132,722
•.-i- ngton N.v inl
316,138
185,580
Springfield *JECMA
'o - rnort
-
Anchorage Area
-c-oragc In;—vicn.H Airport
211,936
96,156
: i - rage Lake SPB
82,381
0
icragc Merr.ll A rporr
233,364
0
• -n.n Municipal Airport
72,913
58
"ild:z Airport
31,643
863
Beaumont-Port Artnur Ar:i
jjn.nont Per: Arthur Airport
60,632
1
Muskegon area
• u-.«<~gon A i ruor t
63,231
0
Phoeni* Area
•"h?onn Sky nrLor Intl Airport
4 79,790
285,493
Portsmouth Dover ^ochC't'rr Arci
i -> - i nor t
-
Providence Area
" ;nc e - ' l_Di. r t
200.491
30,251
Sheboygan irc.i
' ¦> i r-^Dr t
-
Tucson Arr 1
!• >1-; t
221.904
42,792
Sourc: Fs- Air r ,'f - ^ ,
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sonewhat different methodology to estimate engine populations than chat
recommended by in Methodology To Estimate Nonroad Equipment Pooulacions By
Nonattainnenc Areas Unfortunately, EPA employed erroneous registration data
in that methodology. This resulted in significant errors in the population
estimates for the equipment types included under the Recreational Marine
category. The updated emission inventories for these engines incorporate the
correct population estimates.
Table 2-2 presents the old (NEVES) and new equipment population estimates of
the equipment types discussed above for each of the 24 original areas included
in EPA's NEVES. Clearly, the differences vill cause significant changes to
estimated emissions from these equipment.
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Cofiirlion ol CPA's NEVES
CqiilpHnt Population* and
Wi tqu1pMri\ ^opu^ll^nt
AREA
TPE2_1D
?PE2 IG
IPC2_2D
1PE2_2G
TPE4_ID
TPE4_1G IPE4,
20
TPC4_2G
IPE4_30
TPE4_3G
TPE4 40
IPE4_4G
1PE4 SO
IPC4SG
£• 11 imo-r*
EU Pop
100
41
1 ,223
123
247
2,831
0
10,453
0
5,794
537
198
0
687
EPA Pop.
1*9
52
1 ,216
123
334
3.814
0
11.212
0
5.799
716
265
0
pi4
Dirt
1
(*)
7
0
(87)
(983)
0
(759)
0
(1)
(179)
(611
0
173
Chicago
EEA Pop
516
124
3,509
35 3
341
9.954
0
35.349
0
1.105
243
20
0
U5
EPA Pop
914
149
3.466
352
3S6
7.564
0
24.917
0
773
234
26
0
30 3
oifr
4
(25)
21
1
(12*
2.390
0
10.432
0
332
9
l*J
0
302
Pinvar
EEA Pop.
192
M
k.ojo
304
0
1,073
0
2.851
0
13,875
2
0
0
26*
CPA Pop
1)1
44
1,024
103
0
898
0
7.655
0
3.445
0
0
0
1
01 ft
1
<»)
6
1
0
175
0
(4.804)
0
10.430
2
0
0
264
Mualon
EEA Pop
211
SI
1.433
144
50
2.767
o
51,7*4
0
15.959
170
3
0
911
EPA Pop
210
61
1.424
144
57
3.061
0
52.643
0
15„76 I
92
t
0
20
01 tt
1
<10)
9
0
(7>
<2*4)
0
(859)
0
198
78
i
0
891
EEA Pop
121
29
819
02
3.150
4.654
0
39,370
0
0
246
11
0
222
CPA Pop
120
35
814
82
1.926
3.649
0
21,352
o
a
89
t
0
Jl
01 f f
1
w
*
0
1.224
1.201
0
18,018
0
0
157
0
0
2H
IEA Pop
24?
59
1 ,672
168
164
4.002
0
15,926
0
5.45)
178
110
0
49
EPA Pop
245
V«M
&
ft
5,M)
31
23
©
3
out
2
(12)
10
0
(I9|
(449)
0
(220)
a
(OOl
141
87
0
46
Hart ford
EEA Pop
178
41
1.205
121
254
2.847
o
14,861
0
3.758
109
43
0
405
EPA Pop
177
51
1.198
121
359
4,028
o
15.783
0
3k 765
29
U
0
111
DIM
1
(8)
7
0
(105}
d.181)
0
(922)
0
(7)
80
32
0
292
N#m Tor*
CCA Pop
735
J 76
4. 981
500
1.672
27,062
0
108.194
0
52,L49
1„096
312
0
3.37?
CPA Pop
375
109
2.542
256
3, 711
27,35)
0
IO0.65O
0
49,866
2,951
844
0
2, 165
out
HO
6?
2,411
244
UW
ft
T.T44
o
2.283
U.8M>
(512)
0
1.212
PMlad#lpM*
EEA Pop
i?e
43
1.208
121
1,115
8.215
0
38.150
0
8.244
108
30
0
834
(M Pop
177
SI
1*200
121
1.994
14,692
0
51.211
0
18.254
401
115
0
16
Olf 1
I
(0)
0
0
<879)
(6.477)
0
(13.061)
0
(10.010)
(2»3>
(85)
0
758
Saattlo-^CMu
EEA Pop
lit
28
786
79
1.724
19.888
0
22.093
0
0
1.453
807
o
0
EPA Pop
U5
13
782
79
1.976
22.804
0
22.101
0
0
859
476
0
642
0ll«
i
4 5}
4
0
(252)
(2.916}
0
(«)
0
0
894
331
0
(642)
CCA Pop
178
43
1.209
122
298
2.205
0
34.340
0
7,095
897
255
0
a
EPA Pop
}?7
51
1.202
121
)M
2.698
0
27.209
0
5.482
58
17
0
9
01ff
1
(*»
1
1
(M>
<*93)
0
7.1)1
0
1,613
839
218
0
(9)
B«t«A RAuga
EEA Pop
23
4
153
15
181
1.334
0
14,608
0
0
76
21
0
15*
CPA Pop
l?9
J0
676
88
303
1 .496
0
14.764
0
0
35
10
0
5
Clff
(106)
(33)
C723)
(71)
(22)
(lfr*»
0
(1M)
0
0
41
1J
0
149
EEA Pop
220
53
1.490
ISO
€A4
e.«yj
o
2€.«69
Q
lajct
39
12
0
19^
EPA Pop
219
*3
1.482
149
442
2.90?
0
9.846
0
4.229
60
16
o
29
DIM
I
<10)
8
1
442
3.598
0
17.023
0
6.475
(21)
<*3
o
J64
-------
Ublo 2-2
Cowp«rl*on CPA'* NCVCS
CqulpMnt PopuUtloni and
(CA'« CqulpMftt Population*
(C!•*••* 2 ft 4)
TM2_10 1P£2_IG TPE2_2D IPE2_2G TPE4 1D TPE4_16 IP£4_2D TPE4_2& TPE4_30 rp£4.K TPE4„4D TPE4_4fi TP£4_5D TPC4_56
El Pa»«
CIA Pop
36
9
246
25
11
62
0
1.154
0
261
5
1
0
15
CPA Pep
M
10
244
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
01 ff
0
(1)
2
0
11
62
0
1.154
0
261
5
1
0
15
S*n Joaquin
CEA Pop
13
3
66
9
1.449
10.967
0
19,781
0
14.059
544
156
0
izJ '
EPA Pop
13
4
66
9
679
5,001
0
1.792
0
1.240
343
96
0
690
Olff
0
(1)
0
0
810
5,966
0
17.991
0
12.6)9
201
56
0
(36^)
South Co«it
CEA Pop
471
in
3,191
322
4.471
32.951
0
59.450
0
42.247
1 .634
467
0
1 .569
CPA Pop
429
121
2.MS
291
4.751
34.431
0
59.711
0
42.045
1 .042
296
0
2,670
D1 ff
44
110]
110
31
[260 )
(1.4621
0
(2611
0
202
592
171
0
i 1.061)
MIU1
CEA Pop
143
35
Md
•a
933
6.694
0
12.459
0
6.569
191
55
0
436
EPA Pop
106
51
716
72
1,009
7 .436
0
12,676
0
6.566
275
79
0
324
Olff
39
4
294
26
(TM
|944|
0
(4 1J J
0
1
CM)
(24]
0
114
Minn -St P*ul
EEA Pop
167
45
1.265
127
99*
7,356
0
135.112
o
15.344
97
30
0
637
EPA Pop
I6S
54
1.267
127
1,024
7.577
0
116.650
0
16.344
510
146
0
140
01 ff
2
<•)
a
0
(»)
Ul»)
0
(676)
0
0
(413)
(116}
0
667
Prove -Orw
CEA Pop
0
0
0
0
as
502
0
607
0
0
2
1
0
0
EPA Pop
0
0
0
0
39
266
0
270
0
0
0
0
0
1
Olff
0
0
0
0
46
216
0
317
0
0
2
1
0
41)
Son 01090
EEA Pop
113
27
766
77
2.156
12,716
0
29,256
0
19.056
932
233
0
713
EPA Pop
112
33
762
77
1.011
7.594
0
13,725
0
9,50'
225
64
0
564
Olff
1
(6)
4
0
1,125
5.121
0
15.633
0
9.'---
707
169
0
129
Spokono
EEA Pop
17
4
115
12
405
2,367
0
4.705
0
0
254
64
0
0
EPA Pop
17
5
115
12
53
369
0
2.989
0
0
63
24
0
17
Olff
0
(1>
0
0
352
1.996
0
1.716
0
0
171
40
0
("?)
St Lout*
EEA Pop
135
32
915
92
1,406
6,305
0
99.757
0
17.626
77
20
0
157
EPA Pop
111
39
910
92
750
5.5»
0
41.565
0
11.926
51
15
0
62
Dirr
1
m
5
0
656
2,775
0
56.172
0
5.696
26
5
0
95
frhlngton.
DC EEA Pop
239
57
1.613
163
115
570
0
22,231
0
9*421
242
60
0
666
EPA Pop
237
69
1.604
162
271
2.000
0
10,630
0
4,601
341
96
0
252
Olff
2
(12)
9
1
(156)
(1.330)
0
11.701
0
4.620
(99)
* Tvratnal Tractor*
TPE2_?6 • Tar*1*«l Tractor* (&ai»lln«)
TfElJD - V«*i«U «/lnb««rd En®
-------
3. EMISSION INVENTORIES
CALCULATION METHODOLOGY
3.L INVENTORY A CALCULATION METHODOLOGIES
Given the equipment population adjustment factors derived from Che
methodologies described in Section 2, the calculation of Inventory A emissions
that reflect the actual nonattairunent boundary in a CMSA or county can be
performed. Emission inventories are developed for the following pollutants in
tons per year: HC exhaust, HC crankcase, evaporative, refueling, VOC, CO, N0r>
and particulate matter (PM) All of these are calculated for the ozone
nonattairunent boundary, while only CO and PM are calculated for the CO
nonattainment boundary. Separate inventories are developed for diesel,
gasoline 4-stroke, and gasoline 2-stroke equipment (2-stroke emission
inventories for pumps, pressure washers, aerial lifts, forklifts, and terminal
tractors actually represent 4-stroke propane fueled equipment as designated by
EPA). The following formuLas are used to calculate the emission inventories
for each equipment type and pollutant in short tons per year-
HC_EX1j -(POPj*AFii03)xHPjXLFJxUHijxEF_EX.Jx(2.2046/2000000)
HC_CR1J -(P0Pj*AFt 03)xHPJxLFJxUHiJxEF_CR.Jx(2 2046/2000000)
EVtJ -(POPJ*AF1>0j)xSSNijxEF_EV,Jx(2 2046/2000000)
REtJ -(POPj*AF10j)xHPjXLFJxUHiJxEF_RE,Jx(2.2046/2000000)
C01Ji03 -
-------
AFliC0 - population adjustment factor for the CO nonattainment
boundary for county i,
SSN1J - evaporative emissions season length (days) for equipment J
in county i,
HPj - equipment type J's average horsepower rating,
LFj - equipment type J's average load factor,
UHtj - equipment type J's average annual hours of use in county 1,
EF_EX4j - emission factor for HC exhaust (grams/hp-hr) for engine
type e (i.e., diesel, 2-stroke gasoline, 4-stroke gasoline) and
equipment type J,
EF_CR,j - emission factor for HC crankcase (grams/hp-hr) for engine
type a (i.e., diesel, 2-stroke gasoline, 4-stroke gasoline) and
equipment type J,
EF_EV,j - emission factor for HC evaporative (grams/day) for engine
type e (i.e., diesel, 2-stroke gasoline, 4-stroke gasoline) and
equipment type j,
EF_RE,j - emission factor for HC refueling (grams/hp-hr) for engine
type e (i.e., diesel, 2-stroke gasoline, 4-stroke gasoline) and
equipment type J,
EF_CO#J - emission factor for CO (grams/hp-hr) for engine type e
(i e., diesel, 2-stroke gasoline, 4-stroke gasoline) and equipment
type J,
EF_NOxaJ - emission factor for NOx (grams/hp-hr) for engine type e
(i e., diesel, 2-stroke gasoline, 4-stroke gasoline) and equipment
type J,
EF_PM,J - emission factor for PM (grams/hp-hr) for engine type e
(i.e., diesel, 2-stroke gasoline, 4-stroke gasoline) and equipment
type J,
HC_EXij - equipment type J's HC exhaust emissions inventory
(tons/day) for county 1,
HC^CR^ - equipment type j's HC crankcase emissions inventory
(tons/day) for county i,
-16-
-------
EVy - equipment type j's evaporative emissions inventory
(tons/4ay) for county 1,
REtJ - equipment type j's refueling emissions inventory (tons/day)
for county 1,
C0U - equipment type j's CO emissions inventories (tons/day) for
county 1,
NOxi;) - equipment type j's NO^ emissions Inventory (tons/day) for
county i,
PKtj - equipment type J's Pit emissions inventories (tons/day) for
county i,
These formulas hold for all equipment types except for all terrain vehicles
(ATVs), minibikes, off-road motorcycles, golf carts, special vehicles and
carts, and those included in the Recreational Marine category. The emission
factors for the recreational vehicles listed above are given in g/hr, so
simply setting the load factor and horsepower variables to 1 in each of the
equations will result in an emission inventory expressed as tons/year. On the
other hard, the exis&loii factors for Becreaticnal Marine engines are ex.pre.ssed
in £/galIcn of fjel consumed Fcr these anEir.es. data presented la EF*. s
FEVZS regarding the annual boars of use actually represent the average r.i_mber
of gallons of fuel consumed in a year. Therefore, again setting the load
factor and horsepower variables in each of the equations Co I will result in
emission inventories expressed as tons/year for equipment types in the
Recreational Marine category
The VOC inventories listed in EPA's nonroad report are really total
hydrocarbons as measured by the flame ionization detector In order to
accurately assess VOC emissions from a given equipment type the total HC (THC)
emissions must be adjusted to exclude compounds that are photochemically
nonreactive, such as methane and ethane, while adding other reactive species
not originally measured, such as formaldehyde. EPA has developed THC to VOC
correction factors for diesel, 4-stroke, and 2-stroke equipment that are used
-17-
-------
Co calculate VOC emission inventories by region and equipment cype These THC
co VOC correction factors are presented below:
THC to VOC
Engine Type Correction Factor
Diesel 1.0085
2-Stroke Gasoline L.0000
4-Scroke Gasoline 0.9632
Therefore, VOC emissions are given by the following formula where CF is the
given VOC correction factor-
V0CtJ - [ (HC_EXiJ + HC_CRtJ) x CF] + EVtJ + REtJ
Finally, emission inventories adjusted for seasonal variation are calculated
for VOC, NOx, and CO using the seasonality adjustment factors developed by EPA
and presented in EPA's nonroad report. The calculations are as follows:
¦2- VOC_Slj - [ (HC_EX1j+HC_CRij+RE,j)/SAF,
-------
co_tfij " c0 cons Per "inter day emissions for equipment type J in
county I.
All the fornul^s presented so far in this section Are Independently applied co
diesel, 2-stroke gasoline, and 4-stroke gasoline equipment. One exception
must be noted, however. To account for the fraction of 4-stroke gasoline Lawn
& Garden engines with open crankcases, EPA adjusted the emission inventory
equation for HC crankcase emissions by a factor of 0.22 when calculating the
emission inventories of 4-stroke gasoline powered Lawn & Garden equipment
This adjustment has also been incorporated to this study. With this in mind,
to arrive at CMSA level emission inventories, county emission inventories are
added across the CMSA.
3.2 INVENTORY B AND A+B/2 CALCULATION METHODOLOGIES
Once the A emission inventories are calculated to reflect the ozone and CO
nonattainment boundaries, the B emission inventories in EPA's NEVES can be
adjusted to also reflect the ozone and CO nonattainment boundaries. The B
emission inventories in EPA's nonroad report are calculated from data supplied
by various nonroad equipment manufacturers or industry associations Since
the B emission Inventories were not prepared from county data but are based on
information from manufacturers at the CMSA level, a procedure was derived to
adjust these emission inventories so chat they reflect the actual
nonattainment boundaries given in the Federal Register. The formula to
achieve this purpose is described below*
" [1 + (Afl * Ao)/Aol x B0 x Ajd/Afl
where,
BlH - County l's Inventory B adjusted to reflect the true boundary,
- CMSA Inventory A adjusted to reflect the true boundary,
Ao - CMSA Inventory A not adjusted to reflect the true boundary,
B0 - CMSA Inventory B not adjusted to reflect the true boundary,
AiB - County l's Inventory A adjusted to reflect the true boundary,
-19-
-------
To obtain Che CMSA level B emission inventories adjusted to reflect the true
nonattainment bwndary the following formula is employed:
B„ - sum
-------
4. aerometric information retrieval system
AREA AND MOBILE SOURCE (AIRS/AMS) INPUTS
4.1 OVERVIEW
In order for the states and local air pollution agencies to compile emissions
inventory data for the nonroad sector, the inventories in the November 1991
nonroad report for 24 areas must be adjusted to account for the boundaries
specified by EPA in its November 1991 Federal Register notice, which gives
final nonattainment boundaries for CO, ozone, and other pollutants. These
boundaries sometimes include only partial counties. The inputs used to
develop these inventories can be used to derive correct inputs for AIRS/AMS,
which is the standard system EPA uses to have state agencies and others
develop inventories for VOC, CO, NOx, and other pollutants. The needed Area
and Mobile Source Subsystem (AMS) inputs are as follows:
• Annual Activity Levels for the ozone and CO nonattainment
boundaries (hp-hr, gal. hrs, day),
• Emission Factors for VOC, NO,, CO, and PM (g/hr-hr, g/gal,
g/tit, g/day) ,
« Period Throughput - defined as the percent of annual activity
(based on emission mass) during the 3 month summer and 3 month
winter periods,
• Adjustment Factors (weekday, Saturday, and Sunday equipment
operating fractions), and
• Category Operating Parameter - defined as days of equipment
operation per week and weeks of operation per year.
These inputs have been developed at the county, sub-county, and CMSA levels
for all of the 33 metropolitan areas presented in Appendix A.
4.2 ANNUAL ACTIVITY LEVELS
The annual activity levels related to the A emission inventories can simply be
determined from the data used in the emission formulas described in Section 3
The activity levels for CO and ozone boundaries are given by
-21-
-------
AkAi.co - (POPj*AFt cq) x HPj x LFj x UHtJ
ALftij.ii - (POPj*AF1 03) x HPj x LFj x UHtJ
where AL_AtJ co is che CO activity level and AL_AtJ 03 is the ozone activity
level for equipment type j operating in county i, and the other variables are
defined as in Section 3.
The corresponding activity levels related to the B emission inventories are
derived as follows:
AL_BU>C0 - (COu^ x 2000000/2.2046)/ C0_EFo
AL_B1J>03 - (COu 03 * 2000000/2.2046)/ CO_EF, ^
where C0_EF,j is the CO emission factor for equipment type j. Of course, any
of the inventory B emissions can be used to derive these activity levels.
The units in which the annual activity levels are expressed depend on how the
emission factor is expressed for a particular equipment type. For most
equipment the emission factors are expressed as g/hp-hr and, thus, the
corresponding annual activity levels are expressed as hp-hrs. However,
because the emission factors for Recreational Marine engines are given as
g/gallon of fuel consumed, EPA's NEVES implicitly presents average annual fuel
use (gallons) in the average annual hours of use parameter for these equipment
types. The annual activity levels for these equipment/engines are, therefore,
expressed as gallons of fuel consumed rather than hp-hrs, and are calculated
by forcing the HPs and LFs parameters to one. Likewise, the emission factors
for Recreational Equipment (except snowmobiles) are expressed in g/hr
Forcing the HPs and LFs parameters to equal one yields annual activity levels
that are expressed as hrs rather than hp-hrs.
4.3 EMISSION FACTORS
The AMS emission factors are the same as those used to calculate the emission
inventories. However, the V0C emission factors for diesel, 2-stroke gasoline,
and 4-stroke gasoline were calculated to be the total VOC annual tons of
emissions divided by the activity level for ozone.
-22-
-------
4.4 PERIOD TgROnCHPPTS
The summer and winter period throughput for CO, NO,, and PM are given by the
following: — *~
PT?_StJ - (91.25 * tons/summer day)/(tons/year> - 91.25/SaF,
PT?_Mtj - (91 25 x cons/winter day)/(tons/year) - 91 25/SAF„ Lj
where PTP_SiJ ia che summer period throughput for county 1's equipment type j
and PTP_W,j is the winter period throughput for county i's equipment type j
Since the seasonality adjustment factors are the same for the Pi and B
inventories, these period throughput hold for both
On the other hand, the VGC summer period throughput will not equal that for
00, 5J0C and Flf, since far evaporative emissions che emission factors in g/day
are dependent on the season of the year (i.e., ambient temperature).
Evaporative emissions are assumed to occur for every summer day, no winter
days, and most spring and fall days Therefore, the summer period throughput
for VOC is given by;
V0CFTP_S(j - (91.25 x VOC_S,,)/VOCl3
where VQCPTP_SL3 is not equal to 91.25/SAF» ^. This calculation holds for
both emission inventory A and B, although the resulting VOC period throughput
will be different in each case.
4.5 ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
The AitS adjustment factors for weekdays, Saturday, and Sunday account for
activity variation in different periods of the week. Since there is presently
no quantitative data characterizing activity variations for weekend versus
weekday, the adjustment factors are each equal to 1. This assumes a similar
amount of activity for every day of the week, as compared to the average
emissions of a typical day. In addition, it is assumed that equipment are
operated 7 days per week for 52 weeks per year.
•23-
-------
5. GENERAL GUIDE TO THE INVENTORY TABLES
AND COMPUTER DISKETTES
EEA has developed a computer program to calculate emission inventories at the
CMSA and county levels. This program has been employed to calculate adjusted
emission inventories, the AMS inputs that are required by EPA, and emissions
per person living in the given region (i.e., grams per person in the county or
CMSA) for all of the 33 metropolitan areas presented in Appendix A.
The program calculates emission inventories, AMS inputs and other parameters
for inventory A, inventory B, and the average of A and B. It produces
emission inventories by county (adjusted for the CO and ozone nonattainment
boundaries), by nonattainment area (adjusted and unadjusted for the CO and
ozone nonattainment boundaries) for HC, CO, NOx, VOC and PH. The HC
inventories are broken up by exhaust, crankcase, evaporative, and refueling
emissions, while separate CO and PM emission inventories are calculated for CO
nonattainment boundaries and ozone nonattainment boundaries.
The organization of the output tables for all of the 33 areas included in the
study follows the following general structure. Attachment A presents emission
inventories attributable to nonroad engines and vehicles for a metropolitan
area as a whole and each county included in the CMSA, MSA, NECMA, or Air
Basin. The tables in attachment A are organized as follows: BLOCK 1 presents
input data and emission inventories for diesel equipment, BLOCK 2 presents
input data and emission inventories for 4-stroke gasoline equipment, and BLOCK
3 presents Input data and emission inventories for 2-stroke gasoline
equipment. Within each BLOCK, the first page presents CMSA equipment
populations unadjusted for CO and ozone nonattainment boundaries and data on
annual hours of use, average horsepower, average load factor, and seasonality
adjustment factors for inventory A These input data, with the exception of
equipment populations, remain constant in the calculation of inventory A
-24-
-------
emissions at the CMSA and county levels. The second page of each BLOCK
presents the_em£ssions factors for HC, CO, N0X> and PM. With the exception of
diesel equipment for which Inventory B has an Independent emission factor for
PM, emission factors are constant across region and inventory type (i e , A,
B, and the average of A+B/2). The third page of each block presents inventory
A emissions at the CMSA level not adjusted to reflect true nonattainment CO
ind ozone boundaries. These inventories serve as a check against those
calculated by EPA in NEVES. The fourth page in each output BLOCK presents
inventory A CMSA level equipment populations adjusted to reflect CO and ozone
nonattainment boundaries and the metropolitan area's human population The
fifth page presents emissions from nonroad equipment at the CMSA level
adjusted to reflect CO and ozone nonattainment boundaries, while the sixth,
seventh and eight pages present inventor A emissions per person and the AMS
input parameters at the CMSA level. Subsequent output in each BLOCK presents
county level inventory A equipment populations, adjustment factors, and human
populations. These are followed by inventory A county level emission
inventories for CO and ozone nonattainment boundaries, followed by county
level emissions per person, and county level AMS input parameters
Within each BLOCK, estimated data for inventories B and A+B/2 are presented
after inventory A's county level AMS input parameters First, CMSA emission
inventories for inventory B are presented. These are followed by CMSA
emissions per person and AMS inputs for inventory B. After the CMSA level AMS
inputs are presented, county level inventory B emission estimates, emissions
per person, and AMS input data are provided. Finally, similar data is shown
for the average of the A and B inventories at the end of each BLOCK. As
requested by EPA, an additional attachment is provided with the output tables
that presents the (A+B)/2 county level AMS inputs for all the counties in the
particular CMSA. For the 9 additional areas included in this study, that
attachment presents the inventory A county level AMS inputs.
For the sake of reporting brevity, only one representative county from each
State in the particular CMSA is represented in the output tables However,
all county data is provided on computer diskettes. The data is provided in
-25-
-------
LOTUS spreadsheets. Each field or variable in che spreadsheet has as its name
the variable name used by the program. A key to the definitions of these
variables is presented in Appendix S of this report.
-26-
-------
APPENDIX A
Metropolitan Areas
-------
Attainment Status of Original 24 Areas With
Adjusted Nonattainment Boundaries
Nonattainment Area
Bv County/Suh-
-------
Nonattainoent Area
RV CountY/SUb-County QZ3LS.
Boston-Lavrence-Worcester
Pgs. 98-100
a Barnstabl^ HA. Sex io-as
« Bristol, MA (all) Serious
s Dukes, MA (all) Serious
Essex, HA (all) Serious
Middlesex, MA (all) Serious
Middlesex/ MA (part)
« Nantucket, MA (all) Serious
Norfolk, MA (all) Serious
Norfolk, MA (part)
Plymouth, MA (all) Serious
Suffolk, MA (all) Serious
Suffolk, MA (part)
o Worcester, MA (all) Serious
Worcester, MA (part)
Chicago CMSA
pgs. 75-82
Coofc., IL S«««e-Y7
Cook, IL (part)
DuPage, Ik (all) Severe-17
Grundy, It (part) Severe-17
Kane, IL (all) Severe-17
Kendall, JL (part) Severe-17
Lake, II /.all) =evere-17
^cHerj-y . (I /all I .severe-LT
Will, IL i'al 11 severe-17
Lake, IM (all) severe-17
Lake, I.v i>axt;
Lake, IV (part;
Lake, IN (part)
Porter, IN (all) severe-17
Cleveland CMSA
pgs. 134-137
« Xshtab-ula, OH Writeratfe
Cuyahoga, OH (all) Moderate
Geauga, OH (all) Moderate
Lake, OH (all) Moderate
Lorain, OH (all) Moderate
Medina, OH (all) Moderate
Portage, OH (all) Moderate
Summit, OH (all) Moderate
QQ
10
Mod-i
Mod-l
Mod-1
Unclass.*
Jitt-Tl.
Attn.
Attn.
ftt-n-
fcttn,
Attn.
Unclass. *
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Mod-l
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
* This sub-county area is in nonattainment but is not classified,
o New county based on new boundaries.
A-2
-------
Nonattainment Area
Bv Countv/Sub-Countv
Ozone
£2
EMio
Denver CMSA
Pgs. 59-63 _
Adams, CO fpart)
Trans.*
——
Adams, CO (part)
Mod-2
— —
Adams, CO (part)
Moderate
Arapahoe, CO (part)
Trans.*
——
Arapahoe, CO (part)
Mod-2
——
Arapahoe, CO (part)
Moderate
Boulder, CO (part)
Trans.*
—
Boulder, CO (part)
Mod-2
—_
Boulder, CO (part)
Moderate
Denver, CO (all)
Trans.*
Mod-2
Moderate
Douglas, CO (all)
Trans.*
Moderate
Douglas, CO (part)
Mod-2
Jefferson, CO (all)
Trans.*
——
Moderate
Jefferson, CO (part)
Mod-2
£1 Paso CMSA
Pgs. 153-161
El Paso, TX (all)
Serious
El Paso, TX (part)
Mod-l
Moderate
Hartford NECMA
Pgs. 63-64
a Fairfield, CT (part)
Serious
--—
Hartford, CT (all)
Serious
Hartford, CT (part)
Mod-1
o Litchfield, CT (part)
Serious
Litchfield, CT (part)
Mod-l
Middlesex, CT (all)
Serious
Middlesex, CT (part)
Mod-l
o New Haven, CT (all)
Serious
Unclass.**
New Haven, CT (part)
Nonattn.
« New London, CT (all)
Serious
Attn.
Tolland, CT (all)
Serious
Tolland, CT (part)
Mod-l
o Windham, CT (all)
Serious
Attn.
* Trans. « Transitional
** This county is in nonattainment but is not classified,
o New counties based on new boundaries.
A-3
-------
10
Nonattainment Area
bv Countv/Sub-Count-Y Ozone qq £jj
Houston CKSA
Pgs. 153-161
Brazoria- TX (all) Severe-17 Attn.
a Chambers, TX (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Fort Bend, TX (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Galveston, TX (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Harris, TX (all) severe-17 Attn.
Liberty, TX (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Montgomery, TX (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Waller, TX (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Miami CMSA
Pgs. 65-67
Broward, FL (all) Moderate Attn.
Dade, FL (all) Moderate Attn.
Palm Beach, FL (all) Moderate Attn.
Milwaukee CMSA
Pgs. 173-175
« Kenosha, WI (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Milwaukee, WI (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Ozaukee, WI (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Racine, WI (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Washington, WI (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Waukesha, WI (all) Severe-17 Attn.
Minneapolis-St. Paul CMSA
Pgs. 104-107
Anoka, MN (all) Attn. Mod-1
Carver, MN (all) Attn.
Carver, MN (part) Mod-l
Dakota, MN (all) Attn.
Dakota, MN (part) Mod-1
Hennepin, MN (all) Attn. Mod-1
Ramsey, MN (all) Attn. Mod-1
Ramsey, MN (part) Moderate
Scott, MN (all) Attn.
Scott, MN (part) Mod-l
Washington, MN (all) Attn.
Washington, MN (part) Mod-1
Wright, MN (all) Attn.
Wright, MN (part) Mod-1
Note: Chisago and St. Croix drop out.
o New counties based on new borders.
Milwaukee CMSA.
Kenosha moved from Chicago to
A-4
-------
Nonattainment Area
Bv County/Sub-Cot^y Ozone £Q £ij10
New York CKSA
Pgfl. 63-64, 123-125, 127-129
Bergen, _NJ—(all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Essex, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
_
Hudson, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Hunterdon, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Attn.
Middlesex, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Monmouth, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Morris, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Ocean, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Passaic, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Passaic, NJ (part)
Mod-2
Somerset, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Sussex, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Attn.
Onion, NJ (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Bronx, NY (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Kings, NY (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Nassau, NY (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
New York, NY (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Orange, NY (all)
Pending*
Attn.
Putnam, NY (all)
Pending*
Attn.
Queens, NY (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Richmond, NY (all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Rockland, NY (all)
Severe-17
Attn.
Suffolk, NY (all)
Severe-17
Attn.
Westchester, NY {all)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Fairfield, CT (part)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Litchfield, CT (part)
Severe-17
Mod-2
Philadelphia CMSA
Pqa. 143-146, 123-125, 97-96, 64-65
Bucks, PA (all)
Severe-15
Attn.
Chester, PA (all)
Severe-15
Attn.
Delaware, PA (all)
Severe-15
Attn.
Montgomery, PA (all)
Severe-15
Attn.
Philadelphia, PA (all)
Severe-15
- ———
Philadelphia, PA (part)
Mod-1
Burlington, NJ (all)
Severe-15
— —
Camden, NJ (all)
Severe-15
Mod-1
Cumberland, NJ (all)
Severe-15
Attn.
Gloucester, NJ (all)
Severe-15
Attn.
Mercer, NJ (all)
Severe-15
Salem, NJ (all)
Severe-15
--
Cecil, MD (all)
Severe-15
Attn.
Kent, DE (all)
Severe-15
Attn.
New Castle, DE (all)
severe-15
Attn.
— —
* These counties have a nonattainment status but are being further
studied by the state at this tiae.
o Hew county based on new boundaries.
A-5
-------
Nonattainment Area
By Countv/SUb-County
Provo-Orem CMSA
ozone
SO.
m
10
Pgs. 161-163
Utah, UT (all)
Attn.
Moderate
Utah, UT (part)
Mod-2
San Diego Air Basin
Pgs. 52-53, 56
San Diego, CA (all)
Severe-15
San Diego, CA (part)
Mod-1
——
San Joaquin Valley Air Basin
Pgs. 54, 56, 59
Fresno, CA (all)
Serious
Moderate
Fresno, CA (part)
Attn.
Kern, CA (all)
Serious
Moderate
Kern, CA (part)
Attn.
Kings, CA (all)
Serious
Attn.
Moderate
Madera, CA (all)
Serious
Attn.
Moderate
Merced, CA (all)
Serious
Attn.
San Joaquin, CA (all)
Serious
Attn.
Moderate
San Joaquin, CA (part)
Attn.
Stanislaus, CA (all)
Serious
Moderate
Stanislaus, CA (part)
Attn.
Tulare, CA (all)
Serious
Attn.
Moderate
Seattle-Tacoma
Pgs. 168-170
King, WA (all) Marginal
King, WA (part) Mod-2 Moderate
Pierce, WA (all) Marginal
Pierce, WA (part) Mod-2 Moderate
Snohomish, WA (all) Marginal
Snohomish, WA (part) Mod-2
South Coast Air Basin
Pgs. 51-52, 54-55, 59
Los Angeles, CA (part) Extreme Serious Moderate
Orange, CA (all) Extreme Serious Moderate
Riverside, CA (part) Extreme Serious Moderate
San Bemadino, CA (part) Extreme Serious Moderate
Spokane CMSA
Pgs. 168-170
Spokane, WA (all) Attn.
Spokane, WA (part) Mod-2 Moderate
A-S
-------
Nonattainment Area
Bv Countv/Sllb-gmin^Y
Springfield HECMA
Pgs. 98-100
» Berkshire, MA (all)
« Franklin, MA (all)
Hampden, MA (all)
Hampden, MA (part)
Hampshire, MA (all)
St. Louis CMSA
Pgs. 75-79, 110-113
Franklin, MO (all)
Jefferson, MO (all)
St. Charles, MO (all)
St. Louis (city)
St. Louis (county) (all)
St. Louis (county) (part)
Madison, IL (all)
Madison, IL (part)
Monroe, IL (all)
St. Clair, IL (all)
Note: Jersey and Clinton
Ozone
Serious
Serious
Serious
Serious
£2 EM
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
drop out.
10
Attn.
Attn.
Unclass.*
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Unclass.*
Unclass.*
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Moderate
Washington, D.c. CMSA
Pgs. 65, 97-98, 164-168
District of Columbia (all)
Calvert, MD (all)
Charles, MD (all)
Frederick, MD (all)
Montgomery, MD (all)
Montgomery, MD (part)
Prince George's, MD (all)
Prince George's, MD (part)
Alexandria (city), VA
Arlington, VA (all)
Fairfax (city), VA
Fairfax (county), VA (all)
Falls Church (city),VA
Loudon, VA (all)
Manassas (city), VA
Manassas Park (city), VA
Prince William, VA (all)
Stafford, VA (all)
* This county is in nonattainment for carbon monoxide but is not
classified.
Serious
Mod-1
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Mod-1
Serious
Mod-1
Serious
Mod-1
Serious
Mod-1
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
Serious
Attn.
« New Counties based on new boundaries.
A-7
-------
Additional Nonattainment Areas Needed For
Nonroad Emission Inventories
Nonattainment, Area
Bv Countv/SUb-Countv Ozone
Anchorage Area
Pgs. 41-43
Anchorage, AK Election Dist.
Anchorage, AK (part)
Eagle River Community
Cook Inlet Intrastate (all) Attn.
Anchorage Election Dist.
Kenai Penninsula Election Dist.
Matanuska-Susitna Election Dist.
Seward Election Dist.
£2
Mod-2
EM
10
Moderate
Beaumont-Port Arthur Area
Pgs. 153-161
Hardin, TX (all) Serious Attn.
Jefferson, TX (all) Serious Attn.
Orange, TX (all) Serious Attn.
Las Vegas Area
Pgs. 121-122
Clark, NV (part)
Attn.
Mod-2
Moderate
Muskegon Area
Pgs. 100-103
Muskegon, MI (all)
Phoenix Area
Pgg. 44-48
Maricopa, A2 (part)
Maricopy, AZ (part)
Providence Area
Pg. 146
Bristol, RI (all)
Kent, RI (all)
Newport, RI (all)
Providence, RI (all)
Washington, RI (all)
Sheboygan Area
Pgs. 173-175
Sheboygan, WI (all)
Serious
Moderate
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester
Pgs. 122-123
Rockingham, NH (part) Serious
Rockingham, NH (all)
Strafford, NH (all) Serious
Ser ious
Serious
Serious
Serious
Serious
Serious
Attn,
Mod-1
Moderate
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
Attn.
A-8
-------
Nonattainment Area
Bv County/Sub-Countv 9Z
-------
APPENDIX B
Definition of Variables in
the LOTUS Spreadsheets
-------
Definition of Variables
in the Locus Spreadsheets
VARIABLE DEFINITION
DIESEL
2-STROKE
GASOLINE
4-STROKE
GASOLINE
HC exhaust emission factor, in-
use engines (g/hp-hr)
EF_DHC1
EF_2UHC1
EF_4UHC1
HC crankcase emission factor,
in-use engines (g/hp-hr)
EF_DHC2
EF_2UHC2
EF_4UHC2
HC evaporative emission factor,
in-use engines (g/day)
EF_DHC3
EF_2UHC3
EF_4HC3
HC refueling emission factor,
in-use engines (g/hp-hr)
EF_DHC4
EF_2UHC4
EF_4UHC4
CO emission factor, in-use
engines (g/hp-hr)
EF_DCO
EF_2UC0
EF_4UC0
NO, emission factor, in-use
engines (g/hp-hr)
EF_DNOX
EF_2UN0X
EF_4UN0X
PM emission factor, in-use
engines (g/hp-hr)
EF_ADPMl
EF_BDPM2
EF_ABDPMJ
EF_2UPM
EF_4UPM
1 VOC emission factor, in-use
engines (g/hp-hr)
EF_DVOC
EF_2V0C
EF_4V0C
Average horsepower
HP_DSL
HP_2GAS
HP_4GAS
Load factor
LF_DSL
LF_2GAS
LF_4GAS
Annual hours of use
USE_DSL
USE_G2C
USE_G4C
Summer seasonality adjustment
factor
1/SUMMER
1/SUMMER
1/SUMMER
Vinter seasonality adjustment
factor
1/WINTER
1/WINTER
1/WINTER
1 ...Variable for
2 ... Variable for
3 ..Variable for
Inventory A
Inventory B
Inventory A+B/2
-------
Evap season length
SSN_LG
SSH_LG
SSN_LC
Total equipment population
{Inventory A only)
POP_DSL
POP_C 2
P0PJS4
| Human population
HUM_POP
HTJM_POP
HUM_POP
I Adjustment factor for CO
1 rionattainment area
C0_AF
CO__AF
CO_AF
J Adjustment factor for ozone
9 nonactalmnent area
0Z_AF
OZ_AF
0Z_AF
Equipment population for CO
nonattalnaent boundary (Inv A)
POP_OCO
POP_G2CO
POP_G4CO
Equipment population for ozone
nonattalnment boundary (Inv A)
POP_DOZ
P0P_G202
F0P_G40Z
HC exhaust emission inventory
(tons/year)
DSL2HC1
HC_DBN1
HC_DA£3
G2U2HC1
HC_2BNZ
HC_2ABj
G4U2HC1
HCJ»BN2
HC_AAB3
HC cranfecase emission Inventory
(tons/year)
DSL2CR*
CE_DBNJ
CRJ3AEJ
G2U2CS1
CR__2M2
C(L_2AB3
G4U2CR1
CR_4£N2
CR_4ABJ
J
HC evaporative emission
inventory (tons/year)
DSL2EV1
EV_DBN2
EV_DAB3
G2U2EV1
EV_2BN2
EV_2AB3
G4U2EV'
EV_4BN2
EV_4AB3
HC refueling emission Inventory
(tons/year)
DSL2RE1
RE_DBNi
RE_DAN3
G2U2RE1
RE_2BN2
RE_4BN3
G4U2RE1
RE_4BN2
REjiAB3
CO emission inventory for the
CO nonattalnment boundary
(tons/year)
DSL2C01
CO_DBN2
CO_DAB1
G2U2C01
CO_2BN2
C0_4BN3
G4U2C01
C0_iEN2
COJtAB1
1 ...Variable for
2 .Variable for
3 ..Variable for
Inventory A
Inventory B
Inventory A+B/2
-------
CO emission inventory for the
ozone nonattainment boundary
(tons/year) _
DSL2COOZ1
COOZ_DBN2
C00Z_DAB3
G2U2C00Z1
COOZ_2BN2
COOZ_2AB3
G4U2COOZ1
C00Z_4BN2
COOZ_4AJB3
NO, emission inventory
(tons/year)
DSL2N0X1
NOX_DBN2
NOX_DA£3
C2U2N0X1
N0X_2BN2
N0X_2AB3
G4U2N0X1
N0X_4BN2
N0X_4AB3
PH emission inventory for the
CO nonattainment boundary
(tons/year)
DSL2PHC01
PMC0_DBNa
PKC0_DAB3
G2U2PKC01
PMCO_2BN2
PMC0_2BA3
G4U2PMC01
PMC0_4BN2
PKC0_4AB3
PH emission inventory for the
J ozone nonactainment boundary
(tons/year)
DSL2PH0Z1
PMOZ_DBNJ
PMOZ_DAB3
G2U2PM0Z1
PMCZ_2BN2
PMOZ_2AB3
C4U2PM0Z1
PM0Z_4BN2
PK0Z_4AB3
VOC emission inventory
(tons/year)
DSL2V0C1
V0C_DBN2
VOC_DAB3
G2U2VOC1
VOC_2BN2
VOC_2AA5
G4U2V0C1
V0C_4BN2
V0C_4AB3
VOC emission inventory
(tons/summer day)
DSL2V0CS1
V0CS_DBN1
VOCS_DAB3
G2U2VOCS1
VOCS_2BN2
VOCS_2AB3
G4U2V0CS1
V0CS_4BN2
V0CS_4AJB3
NOx emission inventory
(tons/summer day)
DSL2N0XS1
NOXS_DBN2
N0XS_DAB3
G2U2NOXS1
N0XS_2BN2
NOXS_2AB3
C4U2NOXS1
N0XS_4BN2
N0XS_4AB3
CO emission inventory
(cons/winter day)
DSL2C0V1
C0V_DBN2
COV_DAB3
G2U2COW1
C0U_2BN2
COW_2AB3
G4U2C0U1
C0W_4BNZ
C0W_4AB3
CO emission inventory
(tons/sunnier day)
DSL2C0S1
C0S_DBN2
COS_DAB3
G2U2COS1
C0S_2BN2
C0S_2ABJ
G4U2C0S1
C0S_4BN2
COS_4AB3
VOC emission inventory par
person (grams/year/person)
DV0C_H1
DV0C_HB2
VOCDABH3
GZVOCJi1
VOC_2HB2
VOC2ABH3
G4V0C_Hl
V0C_4HB2
V0C4ABH3
L ...Variable for Inventory A
2 ...Variable for Inventory B
3 ...Variable for Inventory A+B/2 B-3
-------
CO emission inventory per
person for the CO nonattalnment
boundary (grams/year/person)
DCOJl1
DC0_HB2
CODABH3
G2C0_Hl
C0_2HB2
C02ABH3
G4C0_H1
C0_4HB2
C04ABH3
CO emission inventory per
person for the 03 nonattalnment
boundary (grams/year/person)
DCOOZJl1
DC00Z_HB2
COOZDABH3
G2C00Z_Hl
COOZ_2HB2
COOZ2ABH3
G4C00Z_H1
COOZ_4HB2
COOZ4ABH3
NO, emission Inventory per
person (grams/year/person)
DNOXJl1
DN0X_HB2
NOXDABH3
G2N0X_H1
N0X_2HB2
N0X2ABH3
G4N0X_H1
N0X_4HB2
N0X4ABH3
PM emission inventory per
person for the CO nonattalnment
boundary (grams/year/person)
DPMCOJl1
DPMC0_HB2
PMCODABH3
G2PMC0_Hl
PMC0_2HB2
PMC02ABH3
G4PMC0_Hl
PMC0_4HB2
PMC04ABH3
PM emission Inventory per
person for the 03 nonattalnment
boundary (grams/year/person)
DPM0ZJ11
DPM0Z_HB2
PMOZDABH3
G2PM0Z_HL
PM0Z_2HB2
PM0Z2ABH3
G4PM0Z_H1
PM0Z_4HB2
PM0Z4ABH3
CO emission inventory per
person (grams per summer day
per person)
DC0S_Hl
DC0S_HB2
COSDABH3
G2C0S_H1
COS_2HB2
COS2ABH3
G4C0S_H1
C0S_4HB2
COS4ABH3
CO emission Inventory per
person (grams per winter day
per person)
DCOWJl1
DC0W_HB2
COWDABH3
G2C0W_H1
COW_2HB2
COW2ABH3
G4C0W_HL
COW_4HB2
C0W4ABH3
VOC emission Inventory per
person (grams per summer day
per person)
DVOCSJi1
DV0CS_HB2
VOCSDABH3
G2V0CS_H1
VOCS_2HB2
V0CS2ABH3
G4V0CS_H1
V0CS_4HB2
V0CS4ABH3
NO, emission inventory per
person (grams per summer day
per person)
DNOXSJl1
DN0XS_HB2
NOXSDABH3
G2N0XS_H1
N0XS_2HB2
N0X2ABH3
G4N0XS_H1
N0XS_4HB2
NOXS4ABH3
Activity level for the CO
nonattalnment boundary
C0LVL_DAl
C0LVL_DB2
COLVLDAB3
C0LVL_2A1
C0LVL_2B2
COLVL2AB3
C0LVL_4A1
C0LVL_4B2
COLVL4AB3
1 . ..Variable
2 . ..Variable
3 . Variable
for Inventory
for Inventory
for Inventory
A
B
A+B/2 B-4
-------
Activity level for the ozone
nonattainaent boundary
OZLVL_DAl
OZLVL_DBa
OZLVLDAB3
0ZLVL_2A1
0ZL.VI._2B1
OZLVL2AB3
0ZLVL_4Al 1
0ZLVL_4B2
0ZLVL4AB3
Summer period throughput for
CO, PM, N0X
PRDTP_S
PRDTP_S
PRDTP_S
Winter period throughput for
CO, PM, N0X
PRDTP_W
PRDTP_W
PRDTP_W
VOC summer period throughput
VOCSTPDA1
VOCSTPDB2
VCSTPDAB3
V0CSTP2A1
VOCSTP2B2
VCSTP2AB3
V0CSTP4A1
V0CSTP4B2
VCSTP4AB3
1 Weekday operation adjustment
I factor
AFJfEEK
AF_WEEK
AF VEEK
"
Saturday operation adjustment
factor
AF_SAT
AF_SAT
AF_SAT
Sunday operation adjustment
factor
AF_SUN
AF_SUN
AF_SUN
Category operating parameter
(days per veek)
DP_WEEK
DP_WEEK
DP_WEEK
Category operating parameter
(weeks per year)
WP_YEAR
WP_YEAR
WP_YEAR
1 ..Variable for Inventory A
2 ...Variable for Inventory B
3 ...Variable for Inventory A+B/2
------- |