EPA-420-R-03-101 feiERG Eastern Research Group, Inc. Mobile Source Observation Data (MSOD) Database Update Phase III Final Report Revision 1 Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency * August 31, 2003 ------- %ERG w w wv . -e r £ ( o rn ERG No.: 0136.03.008,00] EPA Contract No.: 68-C-OO-112 Work Assignment No.: 3-08 Mobile Source Observation Data (MSOD) Database Update Final Report Revision 1 EPA Contract No. 68-C-OO-112 Work Assignment No. 3-08 Prepared for: Kitty Walsh Project Officer Carl Scarbro Work Assignment Manager Prepared by: Boonsiri Ltmsakul Eastern Research Group 5608 Parkcrest Drive, Suite 100 Austin, TX 78731-4947 August 31, 2003 5608 Paiteicst Drive, Suite 100, Auslin, XX 737JI 4917 • Phone (SI?) *107 >820 • [ ,\x (512) 119 0089 Arlins'-on. VA ' AufeliQ, JX • Bostogn, MA • Ch.mtiily, VA • Chif.igo, )l. • Lexington, KA • MoMisviljc, NC • Nashiw, NH • S.ioamonto, CA ! ¦ |u.il Ofif"* lunil, L h .!') in:i;d or Hi'1 I 'll"''1 ------- Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Special Studies 2 2.1 Overview 2 2.2 California Air Resources Board -.10 2.2.1 California Air Resources Board (CARB) 16th Vehicle Surveillance Program 10 2.2.2 California Air Resources Board (C ARB) Development of Unified Correction Cycles (UCC) in 1996 11 2.3 Coordinating Research Council (CRC) 13 2.3.1 CRC Project E-47 Sulfur Reversibility Program 13 2.3.2 CRC Project E-55 Heavy-duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing 14I-5 2.3.3 CRC Auto'Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program 16 2.4 Environment Canada 18 2.5 New York Instrument Protocol Assessment J930 2.6 North Carolina University 21 2.7 University of California CE-CERT 22 2.7.1 Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model 2223 2.7.2 CE-CERT Emission of Ammonia for Light-Duty Vehicle 24 2.7.3 CE-CERT Heavy Duty Diesel Emissions 2526 2.8 University of Texas 26 2.9 West Virginia University 28 3.0 Inspection and Maintenance Programs 3034- 3.1 Overview 3034- 3.2 Arizona Car Care 30^+ 3.3 British Columbia AirCare 3J32 3.4 Colorado Air Care 3233 4.0 Conclusions 34^ Please note that the appendices are available in electronic format only. Appendix A: MSOD Field List Appendix B: California Air Resources Board Data Preparation and Correction Programs Appendix C: Coordinating Research Council Data Preparation and Correction Programs Appendix E: Environment Canada Data Preparation and Correction Programs Appendix F: New York Instrumentation Protocol Assessment Year 4 Data Preparation and Correction Programs Appendix G: North Carolina State University Data Preparation and Correction Programs Appendix H: University of California CE-CERT Data Preparation and Correction Programs Appendix I: University of Texas Data Preparation and Correction Programs Appendix J: West Virginia University Data Preparation and Correction Programs Appendix K: SQL Code for Correcting Humidity Error in I/M datasets 3 ------- List of Tables Table 2-1: Population of Special Studies 3 Table 2-2: Special Study - Required Additional Data 4 Table 2-3: Special Study - Required Supporting Document 5 Table 2-4: Special Study - Required Investigation and Correction 6 Table 2-5: New fields Added to MSOD Import Tables 7 Table 2-6. Additional Reference Values - Measurement Types 8 Table 2-7: Additional Reference Values- Driving Schedules 9 Table 2-8: Population of Special Studies for Ltime in Table 10 Table 3-1: Coverage of I/M Datasets 303+ | 4 ------- 1.0 Introduction The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in the process of creating a new mobile source emissions modeling system entitled the Multi-Scale Motor Vehicle and Equipment Emission System (MOVES). This new model will generate emissions factors in units of grams per second. This is a marked difference from previous models, such as MOBILE6, which were based on factors in grams per mile. Much of the new factor development will be based on the vehicle testing information contained within EPA's Mobile Source Observation Database (MSOD). The process of acquiring emission tests of special studies and I/M programs to populate them into the MSOD database consists of 3 steps. 1. EPA issues a list of the potential data sources to ERG. 2. ERG contacts the data sources for any available data. After receiving the raw emissions data from the data sources, ERG will process the data into an MSOD loadable format and submit the data to EPA. 3. EPA staff will then perform the last step of quality assurance and load the data into the MSOD database. Any errors observed in the last phase of the process will be submitted to ERG for investigation and correction. This report documents the third phase of the project which addressed the missing data, missing supporting documents, the correction of the vehicle-testing data that was submitted under WA No. 3-06, and submission of additional tables. For documentation on data collected in the first and second phase, the reader should refer to ERG Final Report Revision 1 submitted on December 08,2002 and April 14,2003. Any missing data or missing supporting documents that do not exist or are unavailable are documented and discussed. Over the course of this project it became necessary to make minor modifications to the MSOD input table format. ERG had prior approval from EPA before any changes were made and each of these changes is discussed in full in this report. 1 ------- 2.0 Special Studies 2.1 Overview In the past twelve months, ERG has contacted several labs throughout the United States and Canada that perform vehicle emissions testing for a variety of different purposes and studies. While many of the studies were confidential, there was still a wide range of data that could be made available for public release. All publicly available data that contained second-by-second emissions testing was examined for possible inclusion into the MSOD. ERG then produced large amounts of data to be loaded into the MSOD. Primary quality assurance was applied to all of the previously submitted data. Table 2-1 shows a summary of the data received from the special studies. Once the data has passed the primary QA check, the data will be submitted to EPA for a more detailed QA check. Results from the EPA QA check were provided to ERG for further investigation to resolve any data errors and/or acquire any additional information. In this work assignment, ERG worked with EPA to address the missing data, missing supporting documents, the correction of the vehicle-testing data that was submitted under WA No. 3-06, and submittal of additional tables. Table 2-2 through Table 2-4 represent a list of the missing data, missing supporting documents, and data error issues. Details of the acquired missing data, missing supporting documents and data corrections will be described as follows. In order to capture as much of this data as possible, it was necessary to add additional fields onto the MSOD input tables. All additions were agreed upon by EPA and ERG staff before any changes were made. These additions are outlined in Table 2.5. Many of the fields in the MSOD are restricted to contain only those values that appear within a reference table for that particular field. These reference tables are intended to be expanded, as needed, when new data is added to the MSOD. Many additions were made to take into account the wide variety of data being added in this, The additional reference values appear in Table 2.6 and Table 2.7. 2 ------- Table 2-1: Population of Special Studies Source Description No. of Tests No. of Vehicles California Air Resources Board (UCC96) 51 42 University of California CE-CERT (NCHRP) 878 344 University of California CE-CERT (NH3) 54 39 Coordinating Research Council (CRC_S_LDV1] 510 12 North Carolina State University 787 7 Coordinating Research Council (AQIRP) 4,696 85 California Air Resources Board (N20) 64 41 University of California CE-CERT (HDD) 312 8 Coordinating Research Council (E55) 701 25 Environment Canada 71 4 New York IPA 24,889 9,942 West Virginia University 2,350 462 Texas Department of Transportation 126 10 Grand Total 35,489 11,021 3 ------- Table 2-2: Special Study - Required Additional Data CRC Coordinating Research Council (CRC) study in 2002 on Heavy-duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing for Emissions Inventory. /E55 59 WVU conversion algorithm from dynamometer hp to speed. Temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and distance for bag in level. Ralph D. Nine (304)293-3111 ext.2463 Ralp.Nine@mail.wvu.edu CRC Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (early 1990's)/AQIRP. Test Weight for dyniob_in table Robert Gorse (734) 429-3700 rgorsel234@aol.com CARB California Air Resources Board (CARB) development of Unified Correction cycles (UCC) in 1996/ UCC96. Temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and fuel economy for bag_in and iynob in level. Mark Carlock macrlock@arb.ca.gov CARB California Air Resources Board (CARB) 16th Vehicle Surveillance Program with N20 bag data. Dynamometer coefficient for dynobin table Mark Carlock macrlock@arb.c a.gov CE-CERT University of California Riverside College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) Emissions of Ammonia fro Light-duty vehicles/' NH3 Temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and fuel jcoriomy for bag_in level. Second by second emission of THC and NOx for time_in table Dr. Matthew Barth (909) 781-5782 barth@cert.ucr.edu CE-CERT University of California Riverside College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) N'CHRP 25-11 Comprehensive Modal Emission Model and Vehicle Emissions Database, Version 2,02. Fuel economy for dynobin and bag_in tables Dr. Matthew Barth (909) 781-5782 barth@cert.ucr.edu NYIPA/ NYIPA2002 The New York State Instrumentation/Protocol Assessment Study which compares the standard IM240 test procedure and instrumentation with the New York Transient Emissions Short Test (NYTEST) Dynamometer Coefficients Celia Shih (518) 402-8337 cxshih@gw.dec.state.ny.us WVU 1- WVU_4 West Virginia University testing of Heavy Puty Vehicles Using Their Portable Dynamometer (1-4). Test weight, road_hp, dyno coefficients for dynob_in table Ralph D. Nine (304) 293-3111 ext.2463 Ralp.Nine@mail.wvu.edu EnvtTonnennent Canada (EC) Environment Canada's study on the Effects of Aged Catalysts and Cold Ambient Temperatures on Nitrous Oxide Emissions. Test weight for dynob in table Second by second measurement of speed for time in table Mr, Peter Barton (613)990-3723 Barton.peter@etc.ec .qc.ca 4 ------- Table 2-3: Special Study - Required Supporting Document J \ J < • . Data Source ' WVU 1 - WVU_4 'J ' "" V-fV -V V' ^ Study ¦' ' f West Virginia University testing of Heavy Duty Vehicles Using Their Portable Dynamometer (1-4). « ^ Contact Perspij. < Ralph D. Nine (304) 293-3111 ext.2463 Ralp.Nine@mail.wvu.edu Definition of all test procedures and all schedule procedures using in WVU study. CRC Coordinating Research Council (CRC) study in 2002 on Heavy-duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing for Emissions Inventory. /E55 59 Ralph D. Nine (304) 293-3111 ext.2463 Ralp.Nine@mail.wvu.edu Definition of test procedure and schedule for CARBI, CARBR, CARBC, CARBT and AC508 CRC Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (early 1990's) / AQIRP. Robert Gorse (734) 429-3700 rgorsel234@aol.com Definition of test procedure and schedule for FTP4S CARB California Air Resources Board (CARB) development of Unified Correction cycles (UCC) in 1996/ UCC96. Mark Carlock macrlock@arb.ca.gov Definition of test procedure and schedule for UCC**. CARB California Air Resources Board (CARB) 16th Vehicle Surveillance Program with N20 bag data. Mark Carlock macrlock@arb.ca.gov Definition of test procedure for EC, MUC and LA92 CE-CERT University of California Riverside College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) NCHRP 25-11 Comprehensive Modal Emission Model and Vehicle Emissions Database, Version 2.02. Dr. Matthew Barth (909) 781-5782 Darth@cert.ucr.edu Definition of test procedure for FTPCC Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Truck study - new fuels/power/FE Sandeep Kishan (512) 407-1830 sandeep.kishan@erg.com Definition of test Procedure SADT, TADT, GRADA and LOADE 5 ------- Table 2-4: Special Study - Required Investigation and Correction . . DaUSour^^, WVU 1 - WVU_4 West Virginia University testing of Heavy Duty Vehicles Using Their Portable Dynamometer (1-4) **1" itMni iv t % Resolve all negative emissions in time_in table. NYIPA/ NYIPA2002 The New York State Instrumentation/Protocol Assessment Study which compares the standard IM240 test procedure and instrumentation with the New York Transient Emissions Short Test (NYTEST) Resolve errors of humidity and barometers from dynob_in and bagin table. CRCE55 Coordinating Research Council (CRC) study in 2002 on Heavy-duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing for Emissions Inventory. /E55 59 Confirmation on idle tests for the records that appear to have missing emissions in bag level. Update time in table with recently reported speed. CRCSLDV1 Coordinating Research Council (CRC) study in 1997 to determine the effects of sulfur levels in fuel on vehicles. Resolve the incorrect test phase in time in table. CRC_AQIRP Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (early 1990's) / AQIRP. Resolve on primary key violations and update of test weight in dynobjn table CECERT_NCHRP University of California Riverside College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) NCHRP 25-11 Comprehensive Modal Emission Model and Vehicle Emissions Database. Version 2.02. Resolve the over upper bound or under lower bound conflict for humidity, in dynob_in table and time in timejn table Resolve the wide range of dynosec in time in table for FTP, US06 and MEC test cycles. CECERTNH3 Environnement Canada (EC) TXDOT_UT ncsu_tarf CARB_N20 CARBUCC96 - University of California Riverside College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) Emissions of Ammonia fro Light-duty vehicles. 1994 N20 Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles - Phase I Texas Department of Transportation and the University of Texas study in 2002-03 on the use of new fuels in heavy-duty diesel vehicles North Carolina State University conducted an experiment to determine the emission savings that could be achieved through better traffic management California Air Resources Board (CARB) 16th Vehicle Surveillance Program with N20 bag data. California Air Resources Board (CARB) Development of Unified Correction cycles (UCC) in 1996 Resolve on primary key violations and update of ambient conditions Resolve errors of humidity and barometer s from dynob_in and bag_in table. Resolve on primary key violations. Resolve the incorrect test phase in timejn table and over upper bound or under lower bound conflict for tumidity in dynobjn table. Add additional variables in timejn table Update dynobjn table with reported test weight Update test_proc and schedjd with proper name and recalculate emission in dynobjn and bagjn tables. 6 ------- Table 2-5: New fields Added to MSOD Import Tables WA ID Table Name Type Description Units NYIPA DYNOB IN Epa ref Character() EPA Reference Number CECERT NCHRP, CARB UCC96 SCHED PT Sched ph Number(3) Schedule Phase CECERT NCHRP SCHED PT Sched ph nm Character 15) Schedule Phase Name TXDOT UT, ETC N20, CARB UCC96 LTIME IN DF Number() Dilution Factor WVU2-WVU4 LTIME IN Tot hp NumberO Total Power hp WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 LTIME IN Torql NumberO Hub1 Torque FtLb WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 LTIME IN Torq2 Number() Hub2 Torque FtLb WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 LTIME IN Powerl NumberO Hub1 Power hfi hp WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 LTIME IN Power2 NumberO Hub2 Power WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 LTIME IN Espeedl NumberO Hub1 Speed rpm WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 LTIME IN Espeed2 NumberO Hub2 Speed rpm CRCE55 LTIME IN Palsp NumberO PA1 Speed RPM CRCE55 LTIME IN Paltq NumberO PA1TQ FtLb CRCE55 LTIME IN Pa2sp NumberO PA2Speed RPM CRCE55 LTIME IN Pa2tq NumberO PA2TQ FtLb CRCE55 LTIME IN Espeed NumberO Engine Speed ADC CRCE55 LTIME IN Cytempl NumberO CycloneT emperature 1 DegF CRCE55 LTIME IN Cytemp2 NumberO CycloneTemperature2 DegF CRCE55 LTIME IN Cytemp3 NumberO CycloneTemperature3 DegF CRCE55 LTIME IN Drytemp NumberO DryBulb Temperature DegF CRCE55 LTIME IN Exhtemp NumberO Exhaust Temperature DegF CRCE55 LTIME IN Flftemp NumberO Filter Face Temperature DegF CRCE55 LTIME IN Pmfback NumberO PM Feed Back SCFM CRCE55 LTIME IN Sptemp NumberO Sample Plane Temperature DegF CRCE55 LTIME IN VenPress NumberO Venturi Pressure psf CRCE55 LTIME IN Ventemp NumberO Venturi Temperature DegC CRCE55 LTIME IN Wettemp NumberO WetBulb Temperature DegF CRCE55 LTIME IN Pmconc NumberO Teom Mass Concentration mg/m3 7 ------- Table 2-6. Additional Reference Values - Measurement Types WA ID Meas id Description Units ETC_N20, TXDOT UT, CARBJJCC96, CRC_S_LDV1 CO_BKG_PPM Ambient Concentration of CO in ppm PPm ETC N20, TXDOT UT, CARBJJCC96, CRC_S_LDV1 C02_BKG_% Ambient Concentration of C02 in percent percent ETC N20, TXDOT UT, CARB_UCC96, CRC_S_LDV1 NO_BKG_PPM Ambient Concentration of NO in ppm ppm ETC N20 N02 BKGPPM Ambient Concentration of N02 in ppm ppm ETC N20 N20 BKGPPM Ambient Concentration of N20 in ppm ppm ETC_N20 DIL_N20 Total N20 in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with dilution air ppm ETC_N20 DIL_N02 Total N02 in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with dilution air ppm ETC_N20 DIL_NO Total NO in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with dilution air ppm TXDOT UT, CARB UCC96, CRC_S_LDV1 NOx_BKG_PPM Ambient Concentration of NOx in ppm ppm TXDOT UT, CARB UCC96, CRC_S_LDV1 HC_BKG_PPM Ambient Concentration of HC in ppm ppm CRC S LDV1 CH4 BKG PPM Ambient Concentration of CH4 in ppm ppm 8 ------- Table 2-7: Additional Reference Values- Driving Schedules WA ID ID Name CARB UCC96 UCC15 Unified Correction Cycle 15 CARB UCC96 UCC20 Unified Correction Cycle 20 CARB UCC96 UCC25 Unified Correction Cycle 25 CARB UCC96 UCC30 Unified Correction Cycle 30 CARB UCC96 UCC35 Unified Correction Cycle 35 CARB UCC96 UCC40 Unified Correction Cycle 40 CARB UCC96 UCC45 Unified Correction Cycle 45 CARB UCC96 UCC50 Unified Correction Cycle 50 CARB UCC96 UCC55 Unified Correction Cycle 55 CECERT NCHRP MECV5 Modal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version5 CECERT NCHRP MECV6 Modal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version6 CECERT NCHRP SMECV6 Special Modal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version6 (no AC Hill) CECERT NCHRP MECV7 Modal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version7 CECERT NCHRP SMECV7 Special Modal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version7 (no AC Hill) CRC AQIRP FTPR5 FTP with fourth bag of EPA REP05 CRC E55 59 AC5080 Acceleration 50 km/r and 80 km/hr CRC E55 59 CARB-C Creep Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle CRC E55 59 CARB-T Transient Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle CRC E55 59 CARB-R Cruise Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle TXDOT UT SADT Single Axle Dump Truck Cycle developed by ERG TXDOT UT TADT Tandem Axle Dump Truck Cycle developed by ERG TXDOT UT GRADA Telescoping Boom Excavator Cycle developed by ERG TXDOT UT LOADE Wheeled Loader Cycle developed by ERG WVU1-WVU4 KERN KERN Cycle WVU1-WVU4 NYBUS New York Bus WVU1-WVU4 CBD WVU1-WVU4 TESTD Test D WVU1-WVU4 14C Modified CBD WVU1-WVU4 14R Modified and routized CBD WVU1-WVU4 2-5MIL Routinized WVU-5P run 2 times WVU1-WVU4 2CHSVR Routinized CSHVC run 2 times WVU1-WVU4 2TESTD Double Test D with Warmup (TEST D2W) WVU1-WVU4 3CBD CBD run 3 times WVU1-WVU4 5MILE Routinized WVU-5P WVU1-WVU4 ALT1 WVU1-WVU4 ALT2 WVU1-WVU4 ART WVU1-WVU4 CARB-C Creep Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle WVU1-WVU4 CARB-R Creep Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle WVU1-WVU4 CARB-T Transient Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle WVU1-WVU4 CBD-RT Routinized CBD WVU1-WVU4 CSCYC WVU1-WVU4 CSHVR Routinized CSHVC WVU1-WVU4 DRT Test D Route WVU1-WVU4 NYCC New York Composite Cycle (NY-Comp) 9 ------- WA ID ID Name WVU1-WVU4 NYGT2 Double length New York Garbage Truck Cycle WVU1-WVU4 NYGTC3 NYGTC run 3 times WVU1-WVU4 NYTRK New York Truck Cycle WVU1-WVU4 OCRTC2 OCRTC run 2 times WVU1-WVU4 VFAC Viking Freight Adhoc Cycle (VIKING W) Additional Table In phase one and two, we processed and imported data collected by several labs for the MSOD. However, in addition to tailpipe emissions in mass, the data also included tailpipe emission in concentration, which did not conform to the standard MSOD dynamometer test tables and were, therefore, originally left out of the database. Upon further consideration, EPA determined that the tailpipe emission concentration data should be loaded into a newly design dynamometer test table and related to tailpipe emissions in mass by test ID (CTRTSTID). Once the data was reviewed and determined to be desirable for importation into the MSOD, it had to be formatted and processed to match the MSOD data structure and methodology. As with the tailpipe emission mass data, several modifications were made to the emission concentration data for proper population into the newly designed MSOD table. The primary modifications are discussed below. Table 2-8: Population of Special Studies for Ltimejn Table Source Description No.of Tests No.of Vehicles California Air Resources Board (UCC96) 51 42 Coordinating Research Council (CRC S LDV1) 510 12 Coordinating Research Council (E55) 701 25 Environment Canada 71 4 West Virginia University 2,350 462 Texas Department of Transportation 126 10 Grand Total 3,809 555 2.2 California Air Resources Board 2.2.1 California Air Resources Board (CARB) 16th Vehicle Surveillance Program (CARB_N20) As part of its 16th Surveillance Program, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) collected N2O bag data. There are 64 emission tests, which were performed on 41 unique vehicles for CARB N20 study. For details on the study, a summary, and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase two. THC, NOX, CO, and C02 were measured by standard instrumentation. N20 was measured by FTIR 10 ------- Missing Data: Second by second emission data. Test weight for Dynobin table. Data source was contacted and confirmed that there was no second by second emission values for 16th Surveillance Program. Test weight was submitted with the raw data in the beginning. Due to our technical problem, the test weights were not populated out properly. The Dynob in table was update with test weight in this phase of the project. Missing Supporting Document: None Data Errors: None Additional Table: None The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix B. Contact: Mark Carlock California Air Resources Board mcarlock@arb.ca.gov 2.2.2 California Air Resources Board (CARB) Development of Unified Correction Cycles (UCC) in 1996 (CARB.UCC96) As part of the CARB development of the Emission Factor (EMFAC) model, adjustments to EPA's Unified Cycle (UC) were made. These adjustments, entitled Unified Correction Cycles (UCC), are based off of route specific driving data representative of driving within the Los Angeles area in 1992. CARB then updated the UCC's in 1996 to account for changes in driving patterns. After developing 8 new driving cycles, they conducted an emissions testing program to generate new factors for their EMFAC model. 11 ------- For this emissions testing program, they recruited approximately 81 vehicles from the general fleet population and tested them using the 8 new UCCs, an FTP test, and a UC test. Only a portion of the testing data was available for inclusion into the MSOD. Each vehicle's fuel tank was emptied and refilled with Phase I summertime gasoline fuel prior to preconditioning and testing. Second by second data was collected for the UCC and UC tests only. For details on the CARB Development of Unified Correction cycles (UCC) in 1996 study, a summary, and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: Ambient conditions and fuel economy Dynobin table Data source was contacted and confirmed that ambient conditions and fuel economy are not available for this study. Missing Supporting Document: Drive schedule and test procedure Data source was contacted and submitted drive schedule and test procedure to ERG. All test schedules were populated and submitted to EPA in Sched_pt table. Data Errors: After receiving the correct titles for COLD and UNIFIED cycles from data source, ERG reprocessed Dynob in, Bagin, and Time_in tables with the correct titles (COLD as FTP and UNIFIED as LA92) and recalculated values for Bag in table. Additional Table: Ltime_in The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below. • The ctr_tst_id were assigned to be the same values as in the timein table. • Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data. Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second Cvs_flow - Constant volume sample in standard cubic feet per second 12 ------- Dil the - Total hydrocarbon in ppm by volume after mixed with dilution air Dil CO - Carbon monoxide in ppm by volume after mixed with dilution air Dil. co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution air Dil. nox - Nitrogen oxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution air Df - Dilution Factor • Back ground concentration of measured pollutants at the beginning of each test were populated into the tmeas_in table. The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix B. Contact: Jeff Long Phone: (626)450-6140 California Air Resources Board; Analysis Section 9528 Telstar Ave. El Monte, CA 91731 USA E-mail: jlong@arb.ca.gov 2.3 Coordinating Research Council (CRC) 2.3.1 CRC Project E-47 Sulfur Reversibility Program (CRC_S_LDV1) The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) conducted a study in 1997 to determine the effects of sulfur levels in fuel on vehicles. They used approximately 12 vehicles. Each vehicle was first tested with approximately 10,000 miles on the odometer. The catalysts were then rapidly aged to the equivalent of over 100,000 miles and retested. To investigate the effects of sulfur, they varied the amount of sulfur in two base fuels by adding the Auto/Oil 3-component sulfur mixture. They used Federal RFG base fuel with 40, 100, 150, 330, and 600 ppm sulfur as well as California Phase 2 RFG with 40 and 150 ppm sulfur. For details on the CRC Project E- 47 Sulfur Reversibility Program study, a summary, and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: None Missing Supporting Document: None 13 ------- Data Errors: After discovering the uncorrected test phase in Timein table, the SAS program was edited to overcome these errors. The update Time in table was submitted to EPA with proper values for the test phase. Additional Table: Ltime_in The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below. • The ctr tst id were assigned to be the same values as in the time_in table. • Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data. Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second Lab_baro - Barometric pressure for each second in inch of mercury Tp_vol - Tailpipe volume in standard cubic feet per second Dil vol - Dilution air in standard cubic feet per second Tp thc - Total hydrocarbon in ppm by volume as measured at tailpipe Tp co - Carbon monoxide in ppm by volume as measured at tailpipe Tp_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume as measured at tailpipe Dil_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution air Tpnox - Nitrogen oxide in percent by volume as measured at tailpipe • Background concentrations of measured pollutants before testing was startedwere populated into the tmeas in table. The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix C. Contacts: Mr. Brent Bailey. Phone: 678-795-0506 Coordinating Research Council E-mail: bkbailey@crcao.com 2.3.2 CRC Project E-55 Heavy-duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing (CRC_E55) The Coordinating Research Council organized a study through West Virginia University (WVU) entitled "Heavy-Duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing for Emission Inventory." The goal of this project was to quantify regulated emissions and certain unregulated species from heavy heavy-duty diesel trucks (HHDDT) in the State of California. There is some doubt that 14 ------- engine certification data is sufficient to accurately estimate the inventory of nitrous oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) in the environment due to these heavy-duty vehicles. Therefore, WVU used a transportable chassis dynamometer to test 25 heavy-duty diesel trucks with the Urban Driving Dynamometer Schedule, the AC50/80 cycle, and the CARB HHDDT cycle, in both loaded and unloaded situations. For details on the CRC Project E-55 Heavy-duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing, a summary, and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase two. Missing Data: Measured speeds of second by second testing are missing. Data source was contacted and re-submitted raw data with measured speed values. ERG updated the Time_in table with measured speed values. Missing Supporting Document: All schedule points are missing. Data source was contacted and submitted schedule points for all available test schedules. Data Errors: Primary key violations for Dynobin, Time_in and Bag_in tables. The error was caused by a technical problem in the SAS program. The SAS code has been modified to correct this error. The updated tables of Dynob in, Time_in, Rmeas_in, Bmeas in, Bag_in and Tmeas_in were created and submitted to EPA Additional Table: Ltimein The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below. • The ctr_tst_id were assigned to be the same values as in the time_in table. • Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data. Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second Torql -Hub 1 torque inFtLb Torq2 -Hub2 torque in FtLb Power 1 -Hubl power in hp 15 ------- Power2 -Hub2 power in hp Espeedl -Hub 1 speed inrpm Espeed2 -Hub2 speed in rpm Pa 1 sp -PA 1 speed in rpm Paltq -PA1 torque in FtLb Pa2sp -PA2 speed in rpm Pa2tq -PA2 torque in FtLb Espeed -Engine speed in ADC Cytempl -Cyclone temperature 1 in Fahrenheit Cytemp2 -Cyclone temperature2 in Fahrenheit Cytemp3 -Cyclone temperature3 in Fahrenheit Drytemp -Drybulb temperature in Fahrenheit Exhtemp -Exhaust temperature in Fahrenheit Flftemp -Filter face temperature in Fahrenheit Pmfback -PM feedback in SCFM Sptemp -Sample plane temperature in Fahrenheit VenPress -Venturi pressure in pound per square foot Ventemp -Venturi temperature in degree Celsius Wettemp -Wetbulb temperature in Fahrenheit Pmconc -Teom mass concentration in mg/m3 The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix C. Contacts: Ralph Nine Program Coordinator Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Morgantown, WV 26506-6106 Phone: (304) 293-3111 ext. 2463 E-mail: Ralph.Nine@mail.wvu.edu 2.3.3 CRC Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (CRC_AQIRP) The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (AQIRP) was conducted in two stages and was a major effort intended to assess the air quality effects of using reformulated gasolines and alternative fuels in light-duty motor vehicles. The program involved the collaboration of Ford, General Motors, Chrysler and fourteen oil companies. In Phase 1,28 fuels and 53 vehicles were tested. In Phase II, testing was extended to an additional 71 fuels and 32 vehicles. Most of the tests were included in the data we received; however, outliers were separated from the bulk of the data and we did not include them. All tests conducted used FTP with emissions data being collected every second. Unfortunately, for most of the tests only bag and modal data was retained for public release. Given its time and resource constraints and the fact that the study is ten years old, ERG conducted a thorough search to try to locate the missing 16 ------- second by second data but was unsuccessful. For the Offcycle subset of tests, the only subset where second by second data was retained, the tests also included an extended test procedure with a fourth bag. In addition to the standard emissions data, measurements for over 150 species were taken from the exhaust and have been included in the data to be loaded into the MSOD. For details on the CRC Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program study, a summary, and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase two. Missing Data: Test weight for Dynob_in table. Test weight was submitted with the raw data in the beginning. Due to a technical problem, the test weights were not populated properly. The Dynob_in table was updated with test weight in this phase of the project. Missing Supporting Document: None Data Errors: Primary key violations for Dynob_in, Time_in and Bag_in tables. The error was caused by unknown tests that were submitted on second by second emission measurements without any test summary. Another cause of error was duplicated records in the raw data. The SAS code has been modified to overcome these violations by removing all unknown tests and duplicated records. The update tables of Dynob in, Time_in, Rmeas Jn, Bmeas in, Bag_in and Tmeas_in were created and submitted to EPA. Additional Table: None The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix C. Contacts: Robert Gorse E-mail Address(es): rgorse 1234@aol.com Phone: 734-429-3700 Retired from FORD 17 ------- 2.4 Environment Canada (ETC_N20) The Environmental Technology Centre (ETC) at Environment Canada has been conducting a wide range of vehicle testing for many years on both heavy- and light-duty vehicles and has been collecting second by second data during the vast majority of thesetests. For phase two of the MSOD project, we were able to obtain a portion of the data generated during Environment Canada's study on the "Effects of Aged Catalysts and Cold Ambient Temperatures on Nitrous Oxide Emissions." The study tested 10 "in-use" vehicles and 4 new vehicles, but at this time only data from the new vehicles has been made available to ERG. The tests conducted were FTP and in some cases IM240 with second by second emissions data being captured for CO, C02, NO, N02, and N20. Summer and winter grade unleaded fuels were used for all tests depending on the test temperature. For details on the study, a summary, and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase two. All second by second data was measured using FTIR. Missing Data: None Missing Supporting Document: None Data Errors: Humidity and temperature are out of bounds in Dynob_in and Bag in tables. Primary key violations for Dynob_in, Time_in and Bag_in tables. Extreme fuel economy values, emission summary for 3 tests in Dynob in and Bag_in tables Humidity and temperature errors were caused by an inconsistency in the raw data format. Additional SAS code has been developed to re-read raw data in and export them out in an MSOD loadable format. Primary key problem was caused by a technical problem in the SAS program. The SAS code has been modified to correct this error. The updated tables of Dynob_in, Time_in, Rmeas_in, Bmeas_in, Bag_in and Tmeas_in were created and submitted to EPA 18 ------- After verifying the raw data, it is shown that these extreme values existed in the original data. Data source has been contacted for this error. Due to the conversion program from the ETC lab, the extreme values for these three tests were set to be null. Additional Table: Ltimein The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below. • The ctr tst id were assigned to be the same values as in the time_in table. • Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data. Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second Cvs flow - Constant volume sample in standard cubic feet per second Dil co - Carbon monoxide in ppm by volume after mixed with dilution air Dil_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution air Df - Dilution Factor Dil_n2o -Total N20 in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with dilution air (rmeasin) Dil_no2 -Total N02 in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with dilution air (rmeas_in) Dil no -Total NO in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with dilution air (rmeas in) • Background concentrations of measured pollutants before the start of each bag were populated into the bmeas_in table. The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix E. Contacts: Mr. Peter Barton. Phone: (613)990-3723 Emissions Research and Measurement Division Environment Canada E-mail: Barton.peter@etc.ec.qc.ca 2.5 New York Instrument Protocol Assessment (NYIPA, NYIPA2002) New York State runs a decentralized inspection and maintenance (I/M) program that does not use the EPA standard IM240 protocol, but instead uses a New York Transient Emissions Short Test (NYTEST) testing program and equipment. To support this substitution in testing programs, New York has been performing a comparison study between the NYTEST and the 19 ------- IM240 emissions test. This study is entitled Evaluation of Simultaneous Emissions Test Data Derived From the NYTEST Instrumentation/Protocol Assessment Pilot Study. The study is referred to as the IP A. This study began as a pilot study in 1998 and has been carried on yearly ever since. In phase one of the MSOD project we populated data from the pilot study through the 2001 year study. In phase two we included the recently available 2002 year study. During the IPA study, vehicles are simultaneously tested using both the NYTEST and IM240 equipment. The composite results are then analyzed for equivalency. All tests were performed by TESTCOM contractors at one testing facility. The vehicles used during the testing were recruited from the general vehicle fleet population and followed the distribution of fleet age. Tank fuel (gasoline) was used for all vehicles. Second by second data has been made available for all years of the IPA program for the IM240 testing. For details on the New York Instrument Protocol Assessment program and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase two. Only the data measured with the standard I/M240 instrumentation was reported to EPA. Missing Data: Missing dynamometer coefficient Data source was contacted and confirmed that dynamometer coefficients are not available for this study. However, data source provided ERG with EPA reference number instead which can be used to look up the dynamometer setting on ESLT. The EPA reference numbers were updated in the Dynobjn table as EPA_REF filed. Missing Supporting Document: None Data Errors: Humidity and barometric pressure are out of bounds in Dynobjn and Bag_in tables. Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SAS code has been modified to correct this problem and export the data to an MSOD loadable format. Barometric pressure errors were caused by an incorrect conversion. Raw data were reported in the unit of inch of mercury while the data format identified the unit as kPa. The SAS code has been modified to correct and export the data to an MSOD loadable format. 20 ------- Additional Table: None The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix F. Contacts: Celia Shih, (518) 402-8337 Data Analysis Section, Bureau of Enhanced I/M Division of Air Resources, NYSDEC 2nd Fl, 625 Broadway Albany, NY 12233-3257 cxshih@gw.dec. state .ny .us 2.6 North Carolina University (NCSU_TRAF) In 2001, Dr. Christopher Frey from the Department of Civil Engineering at North Carolina State University headed a team to investigate the emissions reductions that could be achieved through improvement in traffic management. They used the portable exhaust gas analyzer, OEM-2100™ from Clean Air Technologies International, Inc., to collect on-road vehicle emissions. This instrumentation was attached to a small number of vehicles that were then repeatedly driven on predefined routes. Two main sites were used for this study; Chapel Hill Road and Walnut Street in North Carolina. A small number of drivers were used to ensure repeatability in the driving behavior. Regular unleaded gasoline was used for all vehicle runs and no further fuel information is available from the study. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: Exhaust flow Exhaust flow was submitted with the raw data. However, due to different terminology that was used, it resulted in none-exporting of exhaust flow. After discussions with the EPA project manager, the correct variable was determined. The SAS code has been modified and this additional data was exported to the Ttimejn table. Missing Supporting Document: None 21 ------- Data Errors: Humidity values are out of bounds in the Ttime_in table. Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SAS code has been modified to correct this problem and the data was exported to the MSOD loadable format. Additional Table: None The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix G. Contacts: H. Christopher Frey Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7908 Telephone: (919)515-1155 E-mail: frey@eos.ncsu.edu 2.7 University of California CE-CERT Researchers at the University of California College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CECERT) have been conducting a variety of vehicle test programs for several years. 2.7.1 Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (NCHRP) In August 1995, the CECERT at the University of California-Riverside, along with researchers from the University of Michigan and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, began a four-year research project to develop a Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM), sponsored by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP, Project 25-11). The overall objective of the research project was to develop and verify a modal emissions model that accurately reflects light-duty vehicle (LDV, i.e., cars and small trucks) emissions produced as a function of the vehicle's operating mode. The model is comprehensive in the sense that it is able to predict emissions for a wide variety of LDVs in various states of condition (e.g., properly functioning, deteriorated, malfunctioning). The model is now complete and capable of predicting second-by-second tailpipe emissions and fuel consumption for a wide range of 22 ------- vehicle/technology categories. In creating CMEM, over 350 vehicles were extensively tested on a chassis dynamometer, where second-by-second measurements were made of both engine-out and tailpipe emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and carbon dioxide (C02). The vehicles used in this study were typically tested with three test cycles: 3-bag FTP, US06 cycle (bag 4 of the supplemental FTP), and a second by second emissions cycle developed by CECERT entitled the Modal Emission Cycle (MEC). The MEC was designed to cover a range of driving modes including steady-state cruise, accelerations, decelerations, and idle. All vehicles were recruited out of the general vehicle population and whatever gasoline they had in their tanks was used during testing. For details on the NCHRP study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: Missing fuel economy and Dynamometer Setting Data source was contacted and confirmed that fuel economy is not available for this study. However, data source suggested ERG calculate the data from the carbon balance method. After consulting the EPA project manager, we decided not to calculate these data, because there were no reported fuel properties for the test program. Data source was contacted and confirmed that dynamometer coefficients are not available for this study. Missing Supporting Document: MEC schedule point is missing. Data source was contacted and submitted MEC schedule point. Data Errors: Humidity values are out of bounds in Dynobjn and Bagjn tables. Dynosecs are out of bound for a few tests. Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SAS code has been modified to correct this problem and export the data to an MSOD loadable format. 23 ------- After contacting the data source for the out of bound dynosecs in the Time in table, we were informed that the data were out of bounds because some of the tests were terminated before the cycle was completed. Any test with an incomplete cycle was added a prefix of "I" in front of the original values in the test_proc for the Dynob in table. Additional Table: None The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix H. Contacts: Dr. Matthew Barth Director of Transportation Systems & Vehicle Technology Research Laboratory Phone: 909-781-5782 E-mail: barth@cert.ucr.edu 2.7.2 CE-CERT Emission of Ammonia for Light-Duty Vehicle (CECERT_NH3) In 2001, CE-CERT conducted a study to examine the factors that influence ammonia emissions from light-duty cars and trucks. During this study they tested 39 vehicles on the FTP driving cycle. All of these tests were performed with whatever gasoline was in the vehicle tank at the time that the vehicle was procured. During each test they recorded the standard exhaust measurements along with utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to measure the ammonia emissions. They also performed additional testing on five vehicles using the US06, the New York City Cycle (NYCC), and a high-speed freeway cycle in order to determine the effects of driving patterns on ammonia emissions. Finally, two vehicles were tested using gasoline with 30 and then 330 ppmw sulfur levels to investigate the effects of fuel sulfur levels. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: Missing ambient conditions, THC, and NOx for second by second emissions. Data source was contacted and re-submitted raw data with ambient values. ERG updated the Dynob_in and Bag_in tables with the ambient conditions. Data source was contacted and confirmed that second by second emissions for THC and NOx are not available for this study. 24 ------- Missing Supporting Document: FWY schedule point is missing. Data source was contacted and submitted FWY schedule point. Data Errors: None Additional Table: None The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix H. Contacts: Dr. Matthew Barth Director of Transportation Systems & Vehicle Technology Research Laboratory Phone: 909-781-5782 E-mail: barth@cert.ucr.edu 2.7.3 CE-CERT Heavy Duty Diesel Emissions (CECERT_HDD) The CE-CERT Heavy Duty Diesel Truck study is an on-going study and has been released to EPA and ERG under condition that it remains confidential. The emissions data that ERG was able to procure is on-road tests of 8 vehicles throughout southern California. All vehicles were tested with diesel fuel. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: None Missing Supporting Document: None Data Errors: None 25 ------- Additional Table: None Contacts: Dr. Matthew Barth Director of Transportation Systems & Vehicle Technology Research Laboratory Phone: 909-781-5782 E-mail: barth@cert.ucr.edu 2.8 University of Texas (TXDOT_UT) The University of Texas at Austin conducted a study for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) on the use of new fuels in heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate new fuels with regard to changes in emissions, maximum power, and fuel economy. Second-by-second activity data was collected on two single axle dump trucks (four weeks total), two tandem axle dump trucks (four weeks total), a telescoping boom excavator (one week), and a wheeled loader (one week) during their normal work activity. The activity data was used to build chassis dynamometer test cycles for the single axle and tandem axle dump trucks and to build engine dynamometer test cycles for the excavator and loader. The chassis and engine test cycles were then used to generate second-by-second HC, CO, and NOx emissions data for eight dump trucks and for two diesel engines, respectively. The fuels used during the testing included two low sulfur diesel fuels, a high sulfur diesel fuel, and PuriNOx diesel fuel. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase two. Missing Data: Twenty tests (from 126) have missing CO and C02 values for Time_in table Data source was contacted and confirmed that CO and C02 values are not available for these 20 tests. Missing Supporting Document: All schedule points are missing. Data source was contacted and submitted schedule points for all available test schedules. 26 ------- Data Errors: Humidity values are out of bounds in Dynob_in and Bag in tables. Test phase and start time of Time in table were not properly assigned. Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SAS code has been modified to correct this problem and export the data to an MSOD loadable format. The SAS code has been edited to export the proper test phase and dynosec for the Timejn table. Additional Table: Ltimein The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below. • The ctr tst id were assigned to be the same values as in the timejn table. • Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data. Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second Cvs_flow - Constant volume sample in standard cubic feet per second Dil_thc - Total hydrocarbon in ppm by volume after mixed with dilution air Dil co - Carbon monoxide in ppm by volume after mixed with dilution air Dil_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution air Dil nox - Nitrogen oxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution air Df - Dilution Factor • Back ground concentration of measured pollutants at the beginning of each test were populated into tmeas_in table. The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix I. Contacts: Sandeep Kishan Vice President, ERG phone: 512-407-1830 email: sandeep.kishan@erg.com 27 ------- 2.9 West Virginia University (WVIM - WVU_4) In 1992, West Virginia University (WVU) developed two transportable chassis dynamometer laboratories for testing heavy-duty vehicles. Each dynamometer is set up on a flat- bed trailer and is designed to allow a heavy-duty truck or bus to be driven onto it and tested. The rollers of the dynamometer are free rotating and are not used to absorb any load. Instead, power is taken directly from the drive wheels through an adapter coupled to a flywheel, which simulates inertial load, and eddy current power absorbers, which simulate road load. The exhaust gas is ducted to a dilution tunnel and from there sample pipes bring the exhaust into the analyzers. WVU has used this equipment to conduct numerous studies for both private and public organizations. In phase one and two, EPA was able to procure some of the test data from 13 different test sites. However, this still does not constitute all the data that WVU has collected so that WVU remains a source for possible future collection. It should also be noted here that while all data has been received according to test site, WVU has been unable to suggest how each site may be associated with a specific test report. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one and phase two. Missing Data: Test weight, Road hp and Dyno coefficients for Dynob_in table Test weight was submitted with the raw data. Due to a technical problem, the test weights were not populated out properly. The Dynob_in table was updated with test weight in this phase of the project. Data source was contacted and confirmed that Road_hp and Dyno coefficients are not available for this study. Missing Supporting Document: All schedule points are missing. Data source was contacted and submitted schedule points for all available test schedules. Data Errors: EPA discovered negative emissions in one of the WVU datasets and requested that ERG populate all WVU with raw values. 28 ------- The SAS code has been modified to export these values. The update tables of Time in were created and submitted to EPA Additional Table: Ltimein The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below. • The ctr tst id were assigned to be the same values as in time_in table. • Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data. Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second Tothp -Total power in hp unit Torql -Hubl torque in FtLb Torq2 -Hub2 torque in FtLb Power 1 -Hubl power in hp Power2 -Hub2 power in hp Espeedl -Hubl speed in rpm Espeed2 -Hub2 speed in rpm The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix J. Contacts: Ralph Nine Program Coordinator Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Morgantown, WV 26506-6106 Phone: (304) 293-3111 ext. 2463 E-mail: Ralph.Nine@mail.wvu.edu 29 ------- 3.0 Inspection and Maintenance Programs 3.1 Overview Test data from three inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs were highlighted for collection and inclusion into the MSOD. The selected programs were the Arizona Car Care program (AZIM 0201), British Columbia AirCare program (BCIM0101), and the Colorado Air Care program (CO IM 9901). All three programs use centralized testing facilities operated by a primary contractor with tests administered by trained technicians. Each program allows clean vehicles to "fast pass" the emissions test when their emissions drop below a pre- determined fast pass level for that portion of the test and the test is ended. Table3.1 presents a summary of the number of tests and vehicles by each I/M program. For details of the programs, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Since all three I/M programs consisted of more than 5 million tests, EPA is in the process of modifying the loading table to handle this I/M data. For this work assignment, only one error was discovered; an out of bounds value for humidity in Dynob in and Bag in tables. Table 3-1: Coverage of I/M Datasets Program Start Date End Date Number of Tests Arizona January 1, 2002 June 30, 2002 317,192 Colorado January 1, 1999 September 1, 2002 4,366,275 British Columbia January 1, 2001 June 3, 2002 532,792 Grand Total 5,216,259 3.2 Arizona Car Care (AZ_IM_YYMM) Arizona has been conducting an enhanced vehicle-testing program in Phoenix since 1995. As part of this program, most light duty gasoline vehicles, model years 1981 through 1995, undergo an IM147 test on a biennial basis. Arizona has provided the results of all IM147 tests performed from January through June 2002 for inclusion into the EPA MSOD. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: None Missing Supporting Document: None 30 ------- Data Errors: Humidity values are out of bounds in the Dynob_in and Bag_in table. Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SQL code has been written for EPA to correct this data before loading it into the MSOD format. Additional Table: None The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix K. Contacts: John Walls Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Phone: 602-207-7027 E-mail: walls.john@ev.state.az.us 3.3 British Columbia AirCare (BC_IM_YYMM) A vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program entitled "AirCare" was started in British Columbia, Canada, in 1992. This program originally used centralized testing facilities to perform ASM 2525/idle test procedures. In 2000, the program was reviewed and modified into AirCare II. In the new program, IM240 tests were used for vehicle model years over 1991. Data from the AirCare from January 2001 through June 2002 program has been made available for inclusion into EPA's MSOD. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: None Missing Supporting Document: None Data Errors: Humidity values are out of bounds in the Dynob_in and Bag_in table. 31 ------- Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SQL code has been written for EPA to correct this data before loading it into the MSOD format. Additional Table: None The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix K. Contacts: Mr. David Gourley The Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority, also known as "TransLink" Phone: 604-453-5170 E-mail: dave_gourley@translink.bc.ca 3.4 Colorado Air Care (CO_IM_YYMM) Colorado's inspection and maintenance (I/M) program, titled "Air Care," was started in January of 1995. All 1982 and newer vehicles in Denver and surrounding effected areas are required to have an IM240 emissions test every two years at one of the 15 Air Care testing stations. The test facilities are operated by Envirotest Systems Corp., a subsidiary of Environmental Systems Products, Inc. (ESP). Vehicles older then 1982 are only required to pass an idle emissions test annually and can be taken to any Envirotest Air Care center or to any licensed independent testing center. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one. Missing Data: None Missing Supporting Document: None Data Errors: Humidity values are out of bounds in the Dynob_in and Bag_in table. Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SQL code has been written for EPA to correct this data before loading it into MSOD format. 32 ------- Additional Table: None The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix K. Contacts: Mr. James Sidebottom Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Phone: 303-692-3149 E-mail: James.Sidebottom@state.co.us 33 ------- 4.0 Conclusions The MSOD update project began in August, 2002 and has been on-going. This work assignment was assigned to address the missing data, missing supporting documents, the correction of the vehicle-testing data that was submitted under WA No. 3-06, and submittal of additional tables. ERG acquired data from thirteen special studies and three inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs for a total number of tests that were provided to EPA of over 5.25 million. During these three phases there were many obstacles that were encountered while processing this information. Some obstacles may have been preventable while some may have been unavoidable. The obstacles are listed below. • Once the data was processed and submitted to EPA, EPA ran the submitted data through a QA program. Any errors found were communicated to ERG for investigation and correction. In phase one and two of this project, we waited until the end of each phase and submitted all data together to EPA. This submittal process was not practical enough since some data contained errors and it was only discovered after the project ended. In phase three of this project, any new or corrected data were submitted to EPA as soon as it was completed. Processing data in this manner allowed EPA enough time to perform QA on the data and for ERG to verify and correct any data errors. • Schedule point table was designed for housing data on the time base basis while many of the test cycles for heavy-duty vehicle are route base. • The length of schedule point was limited to 5 characters long, some special studies developed many schedule points of their own and it was challenging to modify their names to be only 5 characters long. 34 ------- |