United States	Center for Environmental Research
Environmental Protection	Information
Agency	Cincinnati OH 45268
EPA/600/M-88/006	May 1988

oEPA HECHNOLOGY
RANSFER
The Bridge Between
Research and Use
New Technology Transfer Publications
Seminar Publication: Permitting Hazardous Waste
Incinerators (#4017)
This publication compiles information presented at a
seminar series designed to address the issues that affect the
issuance of hazardous waste incineration permits. In particular,
the seminars were designed to improve the overall
understanding of trial burn testing.
Specifically, the seminars provided guidance on how to:
•	Relate trial burn data to permit conditions.
•	Design and execute trial burns and monitoring strategies.
•	Ensure that quality assurance of trial burn data sets is
conducted adequately
•	Identify deficiencies and their causes in trial burn designs
and resulting data sets.
•	Recognize variables in trial burn data and understand how
to deal with them.
•	Organize the trial burn section of a permit application in
the most effective manner.
Summary Report: A Compendium of Technologies
Used in the Treatment ol Hazardous Wastes (#8014)
This document serves as an introduction to available
technologies that can be used in the treatment of hazardous
wastes. Each technology discussion includes a description of
the basis of the technology, a brief discussion of the
applicability and limitations of the technology, the status of the
technology, a non-exhaustive listing of sources (vendors,
suppliers, or developers) of the technology, and, when
appropriate, a process diagram for a typical application of the
technology.
In the context of this document, hazardous wastes include
RCRA-regulated wastes, such as would come from a
generator or storage facility, as well as those wastes that have
contaminated some other medium, such as soil or
groundwater, and thus would be considered "CERCLA
wastes."
Future Technology Transfer Meetings
Workshop: Alternative Treatment Technologies for
Superfund Sites
This two-day workshop, to be held rn San Francisco, CA,
May 11-12, 1988, is intended to broaden the attendees'
understanding of treatment technology applications and
sharpen decision-making skills associated with technology
selection at Superfund sites. Technologies being evaluated
under the SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation)
Program will also be discussed. An overview of each
technology group, namely, physical, chemical, biological and
thermal processes, is followed by a working session where
attendees investigate the application of those technologies to
specific wastes defined by hypothetical site conditions.
Additionally, registrants are encouraged to bring waste
treatment problems they have encountered at hazardous
waste sites. A handout package has been assembled to assist
in the decision-making process.
There is no fee for attending the workshop. However,
registration will be limited and filled on a first-come first-
serve basis with preference given to state and regional
personnel.
Registrants are responsible for their own hotel
reservations which are to be made directly with the hotel and
should be made early. The block of rooms will only be assured
up to the cutoff date as noted. For reservations made after the
cutoff date, rooms will be assigned by the hotel on a space-
available basis. Be sure to mention that you are attending this
EPA workshop so that you will qualify for special room rates.
For registration information, contact PEER Consultants,
P C., Dayton, Ohio (513) 252-1222.
Workshops: Emerging Technologies for Upgrading
Existing or Designing New Drinking Water Treatment
Facilities
This 2-1/2 day workshop is sponsored by the Association
of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) and the
United States Environmental Protection Agency's Offices of
Drinking Water and Research and Development. Its object is
to actively transfer technical information on recently emerging
but proven technologies and encourage their being
incorporated into either the plans for process modifications or
construction of new processes. Removal processes for lead,
radon, volatile organics, synthetic organics and disinfection
byproducts are discussed along with filtration and disinfection
technologies.
These sessions are primarily intended for regional, state
and local drinking water regulatory personnel who approve
plans for the construction of new or the upgrading of existing
drinking water treatment facilities. It is desirable, however, to
have consulting engineers and drinking water treatment
equipment manufacturers in attendance.
Workshops have been successfully held in Philadelphia,
St. Louis, Tallahassee and San Francisco. Several additional
ones in different parts of the United States are planned during
the remainder of 1988. There is no registration fee. To
preregister for the workshop or obtain additional information
contact: Dr. J. E. Smith, Jr., USEPA-CERI, 26 W. Martin
Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268.

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Seminar Series: Corrective Action Technologies and
Applications
This two-day seminar is intended to provide information
on alternative control technologies suitable for application to
hazardous and solid wastes when RCRA/CERCLA corrective
measures are required. The approach for the identification,
selection and application of these technologies will be
presented to demonstrate the suitability of treatment options
for specific waste types. The program will begin with an
overview of the Corrective Action process presented by
USEPA representatives of OSWER, followed by Facility
Investigative overview and screening procedures for
corrective measures technology selection. Other sessions will
focus on physical/chemical, biological and thermal
technologies applicable to corrective measures. Solidification
and Stabilization Technology Procedures will also be
discussed. Emphasis will be on an applied approach with
case studies presented to highlight successful applications of
these technologies in the field. A session will also be devoted
to Implementation Strategies for Corrective Measures at
Operating Facilities.
Those encouraged to attend are facility owners and
operators, engineers, and environmental scientists who want
to gain a fundamental understanding of corrective measure
technology alternatives. Seminar locations and dates are as
follows:
May 25-26, 1988 - Chicago, Illinois
June 7-8, 1988 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
June 14-15, 1988 - Los Angeles, California
For registration information, contact: PEER Consultants,
4134 Linden Avenue, Suite 202, Dayton, Ohio 513/252-1222.
Workshop: Assessment and Management of
Drinking Water Contamination
This workshop series is designed with input from State
and USEPA Regional representatives to address specific
Regional, State and Local program needs for responding
effectively to drinking water contamination incidents when
they occur. Participants are given an opportunity to take part
in hands on case studies designed to demonstrate risk
assessment and risk management procedures. Speakers are
from the USEPA's Office of Drinking Water, Office of
Research and Development and regional offices; state and
local offices; and consulting organizations.
To date, 13 workshops have been held in various parts of
the country. This particular workshop is planned for the
summer of 1988 in either Washington, DC or Philadelphia,
PA.
There is no registration fee. Additional information can be
obtained by contacting: Dr. J. E. Smith, Jr., USEPA-CERI,
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
Seminar Series: Hazardous Waste Landfill Design
The emphasis of these two-day seminars will be to
familiarize the participant with what is required in landfill
design, construction, and closure. The seminar will center
around preparation of sample calculations for an example
landfill. Complete design calculations will be developed for
this example, and sample field testing data presented to aid
in explaining construction quality assurance procedures.
Specific topics to be presented will include: clay and FML
liner design, collector and closure design, construction
QA/QC, liner compatibility with wastes, and computer
software support.
These seminars will be offered in all 10 EPA Regions
during the summer and fall of 1988. For further information,
contact: Orville Macomber, USEPA-CERI, 26 W. Martin
Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
Technology Transfer Publication Wins
Engineering Award
The Technology Transfer Handbook Retrofitting POTWs
for Phosphorus Removal in the Chesapeake Bay Drainage
Basin has been awarded the "Eminent Conceptor Award" by
the Consulting Engineers Council of Michigan. This award is
presented in recognition of outstanding engineering
excellence. Nineteen entries in six categories of engineering
were finalists for the award.
This document was a joint product of ORD's Water
Engineering Research Laboratory and the Center for
Environmental Research Information.
Proceedings: Conference on Point-of-
Use Treatment of Drinking Water
This conference was co-sponsored by the US EPA
Office of Drinking Water and Office of Research and
Development and the American Water Works Association. II
was held in the fall of 1987 in Cincinnati, Ohio and was the
first major effort by either organization to hold a special
conference on the topic of Point of Use/Point of Entry
(POU/POE) treatment of drinking water. The conference
provided information to a wide cross section of people on
both the administrative and technical aspects of utilizing
POU/POE systems to solve individual and small community
drinking water problems.
The conference was highly successful, with the total
attendance being 285. The attendees consisted ol
representatives from Federal agencies (65), state government
(28), county/local governments (7), water utilities (25),
equipment manufacturers (86), consultants (19), trade
associations (9), academia (11), equipment dealers (38), and
consumers (6).
Until recent years, the principal use for POU systems
was to improve the aesthetic quality (taste and odor) of
drinking water provided by a municipal or private water
supply. With the passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act and
a greater concern by the public on health issues, consumers
have begun to purchase these systems for health reasons as
well as aesthetic reasons.
With this increase in the use of POU systems for health
reasons, many issues have been raised by the regulatory
agencies and water utility industry over the role of POU/POE
systems in solving drinking water problems. Although this
conference was held for informational and educational
purposes and not to resolve these issues, it did provide a
forum for discussing them. The conference speakers
discussed administrative topics such as certification and
technical topics such as treatment performance of specific
types of systems. In almost all cases, considerable
discussion followed each presentation or group ol
presentations. Thus, the audience not only heard from
experts in the field but became active participants in the
conference.

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In addition to the attendees' active participation in the
onference, they had the opportunity to observe and inspect
number ot representative systems provided in an
quipment exhibit by the Water Quality Association (WQA).
he WQA is commended for its efforts in sponsoring the
quipment exhibit in conjunction with the conference which
dded to the informational and educational goals of the
leeting.
For more information and/or a copy of the proceedings
ontact: Drinking Water Research Division, USEPA, 26 West
lartin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
ISEPA Exhibits at 1988 National AWWA
/leeting
The American Water Works Association (AWWA) will
old its 1988 annual national meeting in Orlando, Florida,
une 19-23, 1988.
EPA's Offices of Drinking Water and Research and
evelopment will again cooperate in sponsoring an exhibit. A
irge number of technical information products from both
ffices will be displayed and an ample number of several of
iem will be available for pickup by attendees of the
onference. Personnel from both offices will be available for
~nsultation and discussions. Themes of this year's exhibit
ill include removal processes for lead, radon, disinfection
yproducts and organics and the technologies of filtration and
isinfection. For more information contact Charlene Shaw at
02-382-2285 or Jim Smith at 513-569-7355.
iPCA Annual Meeting and Exhibition
The Air Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting and
xhibition will be held in Dallas, Texas, June 20-24, 1988.
he exhibition dates are June 21-23, 1988. Approximately
000 attended the meeting last year in New York City.
EPA has designed and fabricated a new booth this year,
he display, 50 feet in length, will highlight programs from the
iflice of Research and Development and the Office of Air
luality Planning and Standards. Agency representatives will
e on hand to discuss air and hazardous waste programs and
alected handout material will be available to attendees.
he SITE Program and Information
clearinghouse
In 1986, EPA's Offices of Solid Waste and Emergency
esponse and Research and Development established the
uperfund Innovative Technology Evaluation or SITE
rogram. The purpose is to assist technology developers in
le evaluation of new and innovative treatment, measurement,
nd monitoring technologies. Through treatment technology
emonstrations, the SITE program seeks to encourage the
se of alternative or innovative treatment technologies at
uperfund and other hazardous waste sites to achieve more
ermanent protection of human health and the environment.
Under the program, EPA will jointly carry out a full-scale
ichnology demonstration and evaluation project with a
eveloper at a Superfund site. The developer is responsible
>r demonstrating the technology, while EPA will evaluate the
erformance of the technology, its reliability and its costs. In
988, EPA will begin assisting private industry in developing
of emerging technologies from the conceptual stage to pilot-
scale demonstration through cost-sharing agreements.
EPA will document the SITE demonstration results in
reports to be made available to Federal, State and private
cleanup managers and other interested parties. Recognizing
that access to this, and other treatment information, is
essential to the acceptance and use of alternative
technologies, the SITE program developed an Information
Clearinghouse to collect, synthesize and disseminate
technology performance data. The clearinghouse has three
components:
•	A hotline will provide callers with up-to-date
information on SITE projects, demonstration schedules
and the availability of the results, and will also refer
callers to other sources of information. The number is
800-424-9346 or (FTS) 382-3000 in Washington, DC.
•	An electronic bulletin board, part of a planned
computerized database network, provides summary
information on the SITE projects, demonstration
schedules and results. Since we are in the pilot phase,
this bulletin board is only available to Federal and State
hazardous waste cleanup personnel at this time. These
personnel may contact Jane Powers, EPA's Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 202-382-4506
(FTS 382-4506), for information on joining the electronic
bulletin board.
•	A collection of reports, journals and other documents is
housed in the EPA Library's Hazardous Waste Collection.
This collection is available at EPA's 10 regional and 5
laboratory libraries. The bibliographic database is
accessible using a personal computer. SITE documents
will be added as they become available.
EPA envisions expanding this Information Clearinghouse
to include data generated by other EPA programs-such as
RCRA trial burn data and Regional Superfund treatability
studies-and other Federal agencies and State hazardous
waste clean up projects. For more information on the
clearinghouse, contact the hotline at 800-424-9346 or
(FTS) 382-3000 in Washington, DC. Several reports will be
available shortly from the SITE program. A final report on the
Peak Oil demonstration in Brandon, Florida, will be available
this spring, along with a project summary containing pertinent
results and performance data. The annual SITE Report to
Congress will also be published this spring; contact the
hotline for information on the availability of these reports.
Seminar Series on "Solvent Waste
Reduction Alternatives" Completed
Over 1200 representatives from government and industry
recently heard presentations on alternative ways of managing
solvent wastes now that they are being banned from landfill
disposal. Seminars on Solvent Waste Reduction Alternatives
were held February through April 1988, in five locations:
Atlanta, GA; Boston, MA; Seattle, WA; Chicago, IL; and
Kansas City, MO.
Speakers from EPA, industry and consulting firms
provided regulatory and legal briefings, as well as technical
discussions on source reduction, including parts and
equipment cleaning and surface coating; reuse and recycle,
including on-site and off-site options for hydrocarbon and
halogenated solvents; and treatment, including destructive
technologies and those that enhance recovery.

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Seminar Series on "Fate and Transport"
Completed
The Technology Transfer seminar series Transport and
Fate of Contaminants in the Subsurface was recently
completed. This series consisted of 10 two-day seminars -
one in each EPA region - conducted between October 1987
and February 1988.
Total attendance at these seminars exceeded 4,000, with
many disciplines represented from private business and
academia to federal/state/local government personnel who
deal with groundwater contamination issues.
This series was cosponsored by the Office of Research
and Development's Center for Environmental Research
Information and Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory.
A Technology Transfer seminar publication covering the
topics presented at the seminars is being prepared.
Design Manual Being Translated Into
Japanese
The Technology Transfer Design Manual for Phosphorui
Removal is currently being translated into Japanese by the
Japan Sewage Works Association. The Association wil
distribute copies of the translated version to its members by
mid-summer 1988. Exchange of phosphorus remova
technology between the United States and Japan is one o
the many outgrowths of a bilateral agreement to conduct i
U.S./Japan Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology
every two years. The 11th such conference was held ir
Tokyo in October 1987.

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Technology Transfer in ORD:
The Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 promotes
the dissemination of new research findings in order to
stimulate the development of new products with potential
application in the private and public sectors. In response
to the promulgation of the Act, EPA Administrator Lee
Thomas issued clear-cut guidance to Program Officials
throughout the Agency urging the development of
implementation plans. The guidance was issued in the
context of a report to the Administrator by his Task Force
on Technology Transfer and Training, which stresses that
as the environmental programs of the 1980s develop and
mature, more of the work in environmental protection is
being carried out in the field by EPA Regional offices and
State and local governments. This shift compels EPA to
extend its role beyond its traditional focus on enforcement
and regulation to an emphasis on technology transfer as a
means of accomplishing environmental protection goals.
In light of this shift and the enhanced Agency emphasis on
technology transfer, Assistant Administrator for Research
and Development, Dr. Vaun A. Newill, has initiated a
reorganization of the Office of Research and Development
(ORD), placing primary responsibility for ORD's technical
outreach functions in the new Office of Technology
Transfer and Regulatory Support (OTTRS). Dr Newill
articulated ORD's policy in the following statement:
"As the Agency's primary arm for the creation of
new scientific knowledge, ORD has a particular
obligation to communicate this knowledge to those
who can best translate it into strategies for managing
the environment. As a matter of policy, PRO is
committed to planning, developing and delivering
information that is responsive to the audience it
seeks to serve. Whether our audience is the
scientific community or regulation writers in the
program offices, Regional coordinators, State permit
writers or industrial waste managers, our ability to
deliver what we have to offer in an effective manner
depends first upon our awareness of the user.
Second, we need to be familiar with the vehicles that
are available for transferring what we know so that
information is presented in a way that encourages
our audiences to use it. Third, we need to provide
the resources to ensure that both the development
and the delivery of the information are accomplished
before we consider the job to be 'done'."
In order to put this policy into practice, ORD is moving
ahead in eight areas.
t. Technology Transfer Coordination. Each Headquarters
Office and Laboratory is designating a senior individual
to serve as a Technology Transfer Coordinator. These
individuals are focal points in each organization for
technology transfer activities. As a group, the
coordinators will serve as the ORD Technology
Transfer Advisory Committee. They wilt meet
periodically to ensure that they are aware of technology
transfer activities throughout ORD as well as in the rest
of the Agency and will communicate regularly with the
Technology Transfer Staff in OTTRS.
2. Needs of Regional Offices. The Technology Transfer
Advisory Committee will be linked to the new network
of ORD Regional Scientists that is currently being
established. Through OTTRS, these two bodies will
Policy and Implementation
inform one another of needs for support and of
information available or under development which can
meet those needs. Also, OTTRS will be the link back to
the Administrator's Agency-Wide Technology Transfer
Group, apprising them of the status of ORD technology
transfer activities and communicating with ORD about
that group's perceptions of needs for technical
information and research products.
3.	Enhanced Communication. OTTRS will expand ORD's
relationships with outside groups, particularly those
representing State environmental decision-makers, to
ensure that ORD's information reaches the widest
possible audience
4.	Project-level Technology Transfer Plans. Beginning
with the FY 1990 planning process, technology transfer
will be a designated consideration in every project plan.
Each project plan will identify the audience for the final
"deliverables" and how they will be delivered. These
plans will be reviewed by each Lab Director and will
serve as a source of information for the organization's
Technology Transfer Coordinator. OTTRS will provide
guidance and a brief form that can be appended to the
project plan to accomplish this objective. The Center
for Environmental Research Information (CERI), within
OTTRS, will provide support to the labs to identify and
design technology transfer products.
5.	Research Committee Plans. For the FY 1990 planning
process, the Assistant Administrator for Research and
Development is requesting that each Research
Committee form a subcommittee or a working group to
review how the scientific and technical information
being produced in its program area will be transmitted
to potential user audiences. For programs with
deliverables in FY 1989/90, each Research Committee
is being asked to identify three or four specific
technology transfer or technical assistance projects
which reflect ORD's renewed commitment to the
effective transfer of research results to its clients.
OTTRS will work with each of the Committees to
identify and describe these projects.
6.	Role of CERI. The function of CERI will be evaluated
and expanded with the potential goal of providing more
user-targeted workshops/seminars and publications
and focusing more attention on state-of-the-art
dissemination methods such as computer assisted
instruction, expert systems, videodiscs, and electronic
bulletin boards.
7.	Technology Transfer in ORD Supported Institutions.
ORD is experiencing dramatic growth in its support of a
variety of institutions such as centers, clearinghouses,
hotlines and private/public consortia. OTTRS is being
asked to assess the situation and make
recommendations for advancing ORD's technology
transfer objectives using these information networks.
8.	Technology Transfer Act. As of March 1,1988, Chuck
Brunot, Director of the Division of Environmental
Monitoring in the Office of Monitoring and Quality
Assurance, joined OTTRS to assume full-time
responsibility for ORD's implementation of these new
authorities. He will be the focal point for interactions
among labs, universities and private industry to develop
transferable technologies.	

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Recent ORD and OSWER Hazardous Waste
Publications
The following list includes some recent ORD and
OSWER technical publications pertaining to hazardous waste
treatment and control. You can order these publications from
the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port
Royal Rd„ Springfield, VA 22161 (703) 487-4650. The NTIS
ordering number is included.
ORD:
Technical Resource Document: Treatment
Technologies for Halogenated Organic Containing
Wastes Volume - 1
This Technical Resource Document (TRD) is one of a
series of five TRDs being prepared by the Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Laboratory. These documents provide
technical information on alternatives to land disposal which
includes waste minimization/recovery, treatment, and
disposal. Although emphasis is placed on the performance
data of proven technologies, information is given on emerging
technologies as well. The five waste categories addressed in
these TRDs are nonsolvent halogenated organics, corrosive
wastes, dioxins, solvents, and metals/cyanides. Ordering
information for solvent and dioxin containing wastes,
respectively, is as follows: NTIS PB86-129821 $54.95; NTIS
PB87-110913 $24.95.
Prohibition of the land disposal of halogenated organics
was effective on 7/8/87. The technologies discussed in this
volume include biological (aerobic), physical (e.g., distillation,
solvent extraction), chemical (e.g., supercritical water,
UV/ozone oxidation), and thermal (e.g., incineration, pyrolysis)
treatment NTIS PB88-131271 $38.95.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment
Technologies for Corrosive-Containing Wastes -
Volume 2
Under the land disposal restrictions, acidic corrosive
wastes (pH less than or equal to 2.0) are banned from land
disposal units (excluding underground injection) as of 7/8/87.
Treatment standards for corrosives presently managed by
underground injection will be promulgated 8/8/88. Alkaline
corrosive wastes (pH greater than 12.5) will be banned from
disposal effective 5/8/90. Technologies discussed in this TRD
for reuse/recycle include ion exchange, electrodialysis,
reverse osmosis, Donnan Dialysis, and solvent extraction.
Treatment options include neutralization, distillation,
incineration, biodegradation, and solidification. NTIS PB88-
131289 $38.95.
Hazardous Waste Combustion in Industrial
Processes: Calcining and Lime Kilns
This report summarizes the results of several studies
relating to hazardous waste combustion in cement and lime
kilns. Four kilns were tested by the US EPA, four by State
agencies or the kiln operator, two Canadian tests, and one
Swedish test. The predominant types of wastes tested were
chlorinated organics (including PCBs), aromatics, and metal-
contaminated waste oil. Fabric filters and electrostatic
precipitators were used as the pollution control devices. The
primary fuels included coal, coke, coal/coke, fuel oil, and
natural gas/coke. The operations were evaluated by DREs,
POHCs, and metals, particulate, SOx, NOx, CO and HCI
emissions. Overall, DREs of 99.99% or greater can be
obtained in properly-operating calcining kilns. Particulate
matter can increase when chlorinated wastes are burned in a
kiln equipped with an electrostatic precipitator; kilns equipped
with fabric filters showed no change in emissions. NTIS
PB88-126412 $14.95.
Compendium of Costs of Remedial Technologies at
Hazardous Waste Sites
This document analyzes the actual expenses incurred
during the remedial responses for seven major types of
engineering technologies. The data supporting the
compendium is derived from a series 31 case studies of
actual hazardous waste remedial responses. The report
investigates the divergence between actual remedial costs
and estimates from existing engineering cost methodologies
developed before 1984. NTIS PB88-113477 $25.95.
Geosynthetic Design Guidance for Hazardous Waste
Landfill Cells and Surface Impoundments
This report provides guidance design procedures for the
use of geosynthetic materials in hazardous waste land
disposal cells. The use of geosynthetic components beneath,
within, and above the cell, and the construction and
fabrication of caps, drainage, and filtration and subgrade are
discussed. Each design consideration is derived from specific
equilibrium equations and example applications are used:
beneath the cell (e.g., leachate collection/removal system
transmissivity, FMLs, and filters), within the cell (e.g., ramps,
interior berms, standpipes), and above the cell (e.g., surface
water collection/removal systems). Minimum Design Ratios
are recommended for each design procedure and guidelines
are given for evaluating the long-term stability of each
component. Factors influencing stability are rheological
properties, aging characteristics, microbial growth, and
deformations due to settling; chemical compatibility is not
considered. NTIS PB88-131263 $25.95.
Manual of Procedures and Criteria for Inspecting
the Installation of Flexible Membrane Liners in
Hazardous Waste Facilities
This manual is intended to assist inspectors in
performing flexible membrane liner (FML) installation
inspections. The manual discusses four FMLs most
commonly used for waste containment: polyvinyl chloride,
high-density polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene,
and chlorinated polyethylene. Seven installation operations
are discussed: unloading and storage of FMLs, preparation
and maintenance of supporting surface, placement of FML on
the supporting surface, seaming operations, anchoring and
sealing (anchoring in earth and to concrete, piping, etc.),
testing, and covering the FML (earth, concrete, geotextiles, or
drainage nets). The manual describes each operation and
provides recommended inspection procedures and
frequencies, interpretations, and required documentation.
NTIS PB88-131313 $19.95.
Case Studies of Hazardous Waste Treatment to
Remove Volatile Organics
Three treatment processes were investigated for the
removal of volatile organic compounds from hazardous waste:
thin-film evaporation, steam stripping and steam stripping
with carbon adsorption. The processes were evaluated by
determining removal effectiveness, air emissions from the
process, cost, and process limitations. Treatment of refinery
sludges with a pilot scale thin-film evaporator demonstrated

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¦99% removal of purgeable organics and 10 to 75% of
Ktractable organics (depending on operating conditions),
wo full-scale steam strippers were used to treat industrial
astewaters containing 6000 ppm purgeable organics. Total
Dlatile organic removal efficiencies of 99.8 and 99.999%
ere obtained. A full-scale steam stripper/carbon adsorption
nit demonstrated removal efficiencies of semivolatiles from
le stripper alone at 92%, and overall, 99.6%. NTIS 094a:
B88-125893 $19.95; 094b: PB88-125901 $19.95.
teport on Decontamination of PCB-Bearing
testes
This report summarizes research progress on
hemical/biological methods for detoxification/destruction of
CBs in sediments. The following eight processes were
valuated in detail. 1) The Basic Extraction Sludge Treatment
5.E S T.) process which uses a solvent to remove water and
ily material from solids. It has been used at a CERCLA site.
) The Ultrasonics/Hydrogen-Ozone/UV process
imultaneously extracts and treats sediments fed as a slurry
>0% solids). 3) The Bio-clean process uses Arthrobacter
p. and/or other naturally occurring organisms to aerobically
estroy PCBs and related organics. 4) The potassium
olyethylene glycol (KPEG) with DMSO treatment is a
ehalogenation process with residuals of unknown toxicity. 5)
i the CFS Propane Extraction Process, upon extraction of
le PCBs by the propane, the propane is recycled and the
ontaminants concentrated for final treatment. 6) The Modar
iupercritical Water-Oxidation process can treat organics
lat are oxidized at supercritical conditions; a test unit was
perated at the CECOS International Niagara Falls site. 7)
he Low Energy Acetone-Kerosene Extraction process is
pplicable to organics that are dissolved in a hydrophilic
oivent, yielding a concentrated solution suitable for
icineration or other treatment. 8) The In Situ Vitrification
rocess converts contaminated soils into a durable glass and
rystalline form. NTIS PB88-113220 $14.95.
ield Assessment of Air Emissions and Their
Control at a Refinery Land Treatment Facility
A field assessment was performed to measure the
missions of volatile organics from a petroleum refinery
andtreatment site. Emissions of total volatile organics were
leasured from surface-applied and subsurface-injected
ily sludge. The effect of soil tilling on emissions was also
nonitored. Biodegradation rates were estimated based on
mission rates of carbon dioxide and methane. The measured
olatile organic emission rates and the emission rates of
elected organisms were compared to the rates predicted by
ie Thibodeaux-Hwang land treatment model. The full report
> in two volumes; volume I contains the body of the report
nd major appendices and volume II contains secondary
ppendices, including all raw data. NTIS, for volume I:
'B88-124540 $32.95; for volume II: PB88-124557 $32.95.
\naiysis of Modified Wet-Air Oxidation for Soil
detoxification
The feasibility of using wet-air oxidation was
ivestigated in terms of the effects of temperature, pressure
md the presence or absence of soil on the oxidation rate of
hree compounds: m-xylene, tetrachloroethylene, and
nalathion. The research was conducted with a 1-L batch
eactor at temperatures from 130 to 275°C and pressures
rom 703,000 to 1,750,000 kg/m2. Results showed that
nalathion was destroyed quickly at low temperatures, with or
without soil. Xylene required a minimum critical temperature
of 200°C to react, with addition of soil slowing the reaction.
Tetrachloroethylene, requiring a minimum critical temperature
of 250°C and unaffected by the presence or absence of soil,
reacted at a much slower rate than xylene. Wastes that are
dilute to moderately dilute (e.g., 1-30% oxidizable) can be
economically destroyed without prior dewatering at longer
retention times (minutes or hours). NTIS PB88-102397
$12.95.
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Techniques to Detect
Contained Subsurface Hazardous Wastes
Four NDT (remote sensing) techniques were evaluated
for detection of buried containers. The techniques tested
were electromagnetic induction (EMI), metal detection (MD),
magnetometer (MAG), and ground penetrating radar (GPR).
The containers, steel and plastic, varied in size from 5 to 55
gal and were buried in known distributions in a wide variety of
soils, with some submerged in water. Five diverse field sites
were tested. The results showed that GPR is the only reliable
method to detect plastic containers, but it has limitations.
GPR, EMI, and MD all suffer severe loss of detection ability
when the background electrical conductivity exceeds 40
millimhos/m. In a dry sandy soil EMI, GPR, and MAG are all
capable of picking up a single 55 gal steel drum to a depth of
at least 10 ft. The MAG method works well for steel under all
subsurface conditions. GPR can usually detect the side walls
of the excavations where waste is dumped. Signal
enhancement techniques (background suppresion) can
enhance NDT utility. NTIS PB88-102405 $14.95.
Method for Estimating Fugitive Particulate Emissions
from Hazardous Waste Sites
Control techniques are reviewed for applicability to
fugitive particulate emissions from hazardous waste sites.
Techniques judged applicable include chemical stabilization
(40 to 100 percent efficiency, $520-$2720/acre-yr), wet
suppression (25 to 90 percent efficiency, $365-
$1270/acre-yr), physical covering (30 to 100 percent
efficiency, $0.01-$65/m2), vegetative covering (50 to 80
percent efficiency, $0.11-$3.96/m2), an windscreens (30 to
80 percent efficiency, $18.0l-$26.90/m2). NTIS PB87-
232203 $19.95 182 pp.
Development of Chemical Compatibility Criteria for
Assessing Flexible Membrane Liners
Laboratory testing was conducted to develop chemical
resistance data using immersion tests. Six flexible membrane
liners were tested: polyvinylchloride, chlorinated
polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, high density
polyethylene, epichlorohydrin, and ethylene propylene diene
terpolymer. Twenty chemical solutions providing a range of
chemical challengers were tested with immersion duration
ranging from 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, and four-month
increments for up to two years at 23 and 50 °C. Liners were
evaluated for changes in appearance, weight, dimensions,
and tensile properties. NTIS PB87-227310 $44.95 492 pp.
Reference Manual of Countermeasures for
Hazardous Substance Releases
When a release of hazardous substances has occurred or
threatens to occur, federal, state, local government or
industrial personnel may have to assume responsibility for
immediate and planned removal which is the principal
cleanup and treatment phase. The manual contains the
methodology to assist response personnel in selecting

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treatment and disposal processes or countermeasures. The
methodology uses comprehensive tables, or matrices, which
provide technical guidance for almost 700 hazardous
substances designated by CERCLA. NTIS PB87-232252
$25.95 288 pp.
Sensitivity Analysis for Application of the Inhalation
Exposure Methodology (IEM) to Studies of
Hazardous Waste Management Facilities
This study investigated the uncertainties associated with
using the IEM to determine human exposures to hazardous
waste management facility air emissions. Emission sources
included incinerators and associated structures, storage and
treatment tanks, drum stacks, process buildings, surface
impoundments, landfills, waste piles, and treatment areas.
184 pp. NTIS PB87-232641 $19.95 184 pp.
Role of Acute Toxicity Bioassays in the Remedial
Action Process at Hazardous Waste Sites
This document was written as an aid in making decisions
regarding the use of standardized aquatic and terrestial acute
toxicity bioassays at hazardous waste sites. Other types of
bioassays, including those for use with receiving waters and
in situ testing, are not discussed. Step-by-step guidelines
are presented whereby decisions can be made concerning
the design of site-specific bioassay studies. 162 pp. NTIS
PB88-125430.
OSWER:
Hazardous Waste Bibliography
This technical bibliography was developed to be used by
the Regional Superfund staff, line Corrective Action Program,
and States. It does not include all EPA hazardous waste
documents; it does identify those technical and procedural
documents most useful and relevant for hazardous waste site
cleanups. NTIS PB88-142476 $12.95.
Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response
Activities:
Development Process
Example Scenario
These compendiums provide Superfund Remedial
Project Managers, quality assurance officers, and state
officials with a consolidated reference for all field procedures
at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. It is also intended to
contribute to improved consistency in field procedures among
the 10 EPA regions. The development process report (NTIS
PB88-131370 $19.95) focuses specifically on the DQO
process; in the example scenario report (NTIS PB-131388
$19.95), RI/FS activities are presented as a framework for
DQOs.
Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial Projec
Management Handbook
Superfund State-Lead Remedial Projec
Management Handbook
These handbooks define the roles and responsibilities o
the Remedial Project Manager (RPM) with regard to Fedora
(NTIS PB-87-183133 $25.95) and State (NTIS PB87
183141 $19.95) lead projects at uncontrolled hazardou:
waste sites. Project management techniques and th«
resources available to RPMs are also discussed. These
handbooks should be useful to both new and experiencec
RPMs as well as supervisory personnel and others involvec
with Superfund sites.
Superfund Risk Assessment Information Directory
This directory identifies and describes sources o
information useful in conducting Superfund-related risl
assessments. Information is presented on sources o
automated databases, data files and tapes, models
directories, periodicals, publications, and on human anc
corporate resources NTIS PB87-188918 $19.95.
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual
This manual has been developed for a diverse audience
including EPA regional staff, state Superfund staffs, federa
and state remedial contractors, and potentially responsible
parties. Because assumptions and judgments are required ir
many parts of the analysis, the individuals conducting the
evaluation are key elements in the process. It is the
responsibility of the RPM, using the manual as a guide, tc
match the scientific support they deem necessary with the
appropriate resources. NTIS PB87-183125 $19.95.
~U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1988/548-153/67093

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REQUEST FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MATERIAL
ROCESS DESIGN MANUALS
losphorus Removal (Sept. 1987) 		1001 ~
jnicipal Sludge Landfills (Oct. 1978)	1010 Q
jdge Treatment and Disposal (Oct. 1979) 		1011 ~
isite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems (Oct 1980)	1012 ~
nd Treatment of Municpal Wastewater (Oct 1981) 		1013 ~
ipplemenl tor Land Treatment of Municipal
Wastewater (Oct. 1984) 	 1013a ~
watering Municipal Wastewater Sludges (Sept 1987)	1014 ~
unicipal Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (Oct. 1983) 		1015 ~
wd Application of Municipal Sludge (Oct 1983) 		1016 ~
actrostatic Precipitator Operation and Maintenance (Sept. 1985) 1017 ~
dor and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Sewerage Systems
and Treatment Plants (Oct. 1985) 		1018 Q
me/Limestone FGD Inspection and Performance
Evaluation Manual (Oct. 1985) 		1019 ~
ibric Filler Operation and Maintenance (June 1986) 		1020 ~
unicipal Wastewater Disinfection (Oct. 1986)	1021 ~
ECHNICAL CAPSULE REPORTS
rst Progress Report: Wellman-Lord S02 Recovery Process
- Flue Gas Oesullurization Plant 	 2011 ~
ouble Alkali Flue Gas Oesullurization System Applied at the
General Motors Parma, OH Facility 	 2016 ~
acovery of Spent Sulluric Acid from Steel Pickling Operations 2017 ~
jurth Progress Report: Forced-Oxidation Test Results at the
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility 	 2018 ~
articulate Control by Fabric Filtration on Coal-Fired Industrial
Boilers 	 2021 ~
ahco Flue Gas Oesulfurization and Particulate Removal System 2022 ~
irst Progress Report: Physical Coal Cleaning Demonstration at
Homer City, PA 	 2023 ~
coustic Monitoring to Determine the Integrity of Hazardous
Waste Dams 	 2024 ~
isposal ot Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastes: Shawnee Field
Evaluation 	 2028 ~
diptc Acid-Enhanced Lime/Limestone Test Results at the
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility 	 2029 ~
enefits of Microprocessor Control of Curing Ovens for
Solvent Based Castings 	 2031 ~
iEMINAR PUBLICATIONS
Omposting of Municipal Wastewater Sludges 		4014 ~
lunicipal Wastewater Sludge Combustion Technology 		4015 ~
rotection of Public Water Supplies from Groundwater
Contamination 		4016 ~
'ermitting Hazardous Waste Incinerators 		4017 ~
feeling Hazardous Waste Requirements for Metal Finishers ¦ .	4018 ~
IROCHURES
nvironmental Pollution Control Alternatives: Reducing Water
Pollution Control Costs in the Electroplating Industry 	 5016 ~
nvironmental Pollution Control Alternatives: Centralized Waste
Treatment Alternatives for the Electroplating Industry 	 5017 ~
nvironmental Pollution Control Alternatives: Sludge Handling.
Dewatering, and Disposal Alternatives for the Metal
Finishing Industry 	 5018 ~
Nitrogen Oxide Control lor Stationary Combustion Sources .... 5020 ~
User's Guide: Emission Control Technologies and Emission Factors
lor Unpaved Road Fugitive Emissions 		 5022 ~
HANDBOOKS
Industrial Guide lor Air Pollution Control (June 1978) 	 6004 ~
Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites (Oct 1985) 	 6006 ~
Identification/Correction of Typical Design Deficiencies at
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Oct 1982) . . 6007 ~
Improving Publicly Owned Treatment Works Performance Using
the Composite Correction Program Approach (Oct 1984) . . 6008 Q
Septage Treatment and Disposal (Oct. 1984) 	 6009 ~
Estimating Sludge Management Costs at Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facilities (Oct. 1985) 	 6010 ~
Permit Writers Guide to Test Burn Data: Hazardous Waste
Incineration (Sept 1986) 	 6012 ~
Stream Sampling tor Waste Load Allocation Applications
(Sept. 1986) 	 6013 ~
Control Technologies lor Hazardous Air Pollutants (Sept. 1986) 6014 ~
Underground Storage Tank Corrective Action
Technologies (Jan. 1987)	 6015 Q
Ground Water (March 1987) 	 6016 ~
Retrofitting POTWs lor Phosphorus Removal in the
Chesapeake Bay Drainage Area (Sept. 1987) 	 6017 ~
SUMMARY REPORTS
Control and Treatment Technology for the Metal Finishing
Industry Series: Sulfide Precipitation 	 8003 Q
Sulfur Oxides Control Technology Series: FGD Dual Alkali
Process	 8004 ~
Sulfur Oxides Control Technology Series: FGD Lime/Limestone
Processes 	 8006 Q
Control and Treatment Technology for the Metal Finishing
Industry Series: Ion Exchange 	 8007 ~
Control and Treatment Technology for the Metal Finishing
Industry Series: In-Plant Changes 	 8008 ~
Sulfur Oxides Control Technology Series: FGD Spray Dryet
Process	 8009 ~
Fine Pore (Fine Bubble) Aeration Systems 	 8010 ~
Technology Assessment of Sequencing Batch Reactors 	 8011 ~
Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking and Foaming . 8012 ~
Biomonitoring to Achieve Control of Toxic Effluents 	 8013 ~
• A Compendium of Technologies Used in the
Treatment of Hazardous Wastes 	 8014 ~
EXECUTIVE BRIEFINGS
Protecting Health and Safety at Hazardous Waste Sites	 9006 Q
Injection Well Mechanical Integrity	 9007 Q
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND
TECHNOLOGY PUBLICATIONS
The Electroplating Industry 		10001 ~
Environmental Regulations and Technology: Use and Disposal
of Municipal Wastewater Sludge 		10003 Q
Fugitive VOC Emissions in the Synthetic Organic Chemicals
Manufacturing Industry 		10004 ~
The National Pretreatment Program		10005 Q
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