SECTION IV
INVESTIGATION OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Public Health Service
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control - Region V
Detroit River-Lake Erie Project



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A WATER POLLUTION IKVI> vITGATION
OF THE
DETROIT RIVER
AND THE
MICHIGAN WATERS OF LAKE ERIE
SECTION IV
INVESTIGATION OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare
Public Health Service
Division
of Water Supply and Pollution Control
Detroit River-Lake Erie Project
- Region V

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SECTION IV
INVESTIGATION OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES

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¦ INVESTIGATION OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
sr authorization granted "by Congress in the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, Section 9, agencies of the Federal Government are requested to
cooperate with the Public Health Service in preventing and controlling water
pollution from Federal installations, buildings, and properties. It becomes,
the task of the Public Health Service in an enforcement action to inspect all
Federal activities in the study area and to summarize the findings and recom-
mendations in the report to the conferees.
The information included in this section contains the results of the
investigations of Federal activities -within the study area. Detailed studies
were made of three operations within the study area because of the increased
possibility that these may have a significant bearing upon the vater quality.
Also included is a summary of waste disposal practices of other Federal in-
stallations located on the study waters.
NAVAL AIR STATION, GROSSE ILE, MICHIGAN
The U.S. Naval Air Station at Grosse lie is located at the southern end
of Grosse lie Township. This station, which is comprised of approximately
600 acres, functions now as a "Weekend Warrior" center for men from five sur-
rounding states. These men are part of twenty-five squadrons. The base has
all of the facilities normally found in any municipality, such as, cafeterias
housing, repair shops, recreation facilities, and other like ite.-is. Because
of this, the station is quite comparable to a small city during parts of the
day and days of the week.
The Naval Air Station, being a reserve training base, undergoes great
fluctuations in population from day to day. The normal work week on the
station is from Wednesday through Sunday contrasted with Monday through ?rida
for a normal community. The population on Saturday and Sunday is the largest
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and changes every weekend "because of the different squadrons "being trained.
Two significant waste sources originate from the daily routines of the
"base personnel. One is the domestic wastes which are discharged through an
Imhoff tank and the other is the washings from the cleaning of aircraft. The
treated wastes from the "base sewerage facilities and the untreated wastes from
aircraft washing operations are discharged into Frenchman Creek, an embayed
tributary to the Detroit River. The net flov of this receiving stream is
virtually zero. Its only movement of water is caused by the rising and fall-
ing of Lake Erie. Water uses observed on the stream, which is less than two
miles long, were recreation and boating with one yacht club being present;
esthetic enjoyment; and waste disposal from the aircraft washings, sewage
treatment plant effluent, stormwater discharge; and numerous septic tank-tile
field drains.
Surveys were performed on these two major was^e sources by Project per-
sonnel. The treatment plant was studied from January 2? through February 12,
1963t and the washing operation during the period September 6 through
September 22, 19&3•
Since these surveys were conducted, it has been ..earned that the U. S.
Department of Defense has declared that the station will be closed and all
operations transferred to Selfridge Air Force Base by September 1, 1967. The
edict came during the month of April 196^-, and stated that effective immedis-
ately operations would be gradually phased out so that trie transfer would be
complete by September 1967. Furthermore, all plans for long ran^e improve-
ments and repairs of existing facilities would be re-evaluated based on the
recent declaration. This decision unquestionably affected the conclusions
and recommendations the Public Health Service would make regarding future
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sewerage and sewage treatment needs.
The township of Grosse lie is, at this time, preparing to construct an
island-vide sewerage facility consisting of a separate sanitary collection
system and sewage treatment plant. Any future development of the property
at the Naval Air Station, whether it be for Federal purposes or otherwise,
should seriously consider tieing into the proposed sewerage system of the
island.
Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Facilities
The station has a separate storm sewer system covering most of the area
and a sanitary system of the combined type. The stormwater entering the
sanitary sewers is, however, a small percentage of the total rainfall.
The stormwater system empties into Frenchman Creek through outfalls
lying 1,200 feet and 2,500 feet south of Groh Road (the main thoroughfare
through the "base) as well as at the same point that the sewage plant effluenl
enters the creek. The sanitary sewage enters the station sewage treatment
plant through two principal lines of 15 and 2k inch diameter.
There are four septic tank systems located on the base, two of which
are in use. One tank, which actually under strict definition is a cesspool,
serves a water closet at the boat house while the other is in the middle of
.the landing field south of the aircraft parking ramp.
The sewage from the station is subjected to primary treatment in an
Imhoff Tank built during World War II to serve a design population of about
•5,000. The original plans specified secondary sewage treatment by means of
two standard rate trickling filters used in conjunction with the Imhoff Tank.
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The trickling filters were never constructed so the plant, at this time, has
only the Imhoff Tank, chlorination during the recreation season, and sludge
drying beds.
During the survey period, the population served by the treatment plant
averaged 9^8 and varied from a low of 512 on a Monday to a high of l,8ll+
on a Saturday.
The outfall line from the plant is approximately 3>000 feet of ?U-inch
pipe which runs parallel to the vest runway of the airfield and then to a
headwall on Frenchman Creek.
The sludge from the Imhoff Tank is hydraulically forced from the tank
twice a year and placed upon sludge drying beds south of the plant. Ultimate
disposal of the bed is by burial.
The plant has no method of measuring the flow either into or from the
plant, and because of this, no operating records are kept, with the excep-
tion of a maintenance log.
The plant also lias no facilities for analyses other than residual
chlorine; however, during the chlorination season samples are sent to the
Michigan Department of Health for bacterial analyses.
Flow Measurements
To measure the incoming sewage, it was necessary to divert all sewage
over a sharp crested V-notch weir into the channel containing the plant com-
minutor. The liquid level in the crested stilling basin behind the weir was
measured and recorded by means of a portable vertical drum-type liquid level
recorder.
Automatic flow measurement began on January 22 and continued -until
February 15. The period of low flow was during the dormant hours from 2U00
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to 0600. The peak hours, as expected, were in the morning, with a declining
trend generally exhibited from 1200 to 2^00. The maximum flow was obtained
on Saturday, January 26, when 260,000 gallons of sewage passed through the
plant, and the minimum occurred on January 31 135*000 gallons were
treated.
The detention time of the sewage in the Imhoff Tank was calculated to
determine the limits defined "by the maximum and minimum instantaneous flows.
Under the assumption that t^e entire sludge compartment was filled and 110
short circuiting occurred, a minimum detention time of 2 hours and 3 minutes
was calculated with the maximum flow of 315 gallons per minute; 3. detention
time of 10 hours was obtained with the minimum flow of 65 gallons per minute.
The surface loading rate was determined under varying flow conditions
to show the range of loadings that the plant experiences. It was learned
that, under the conditions found during the minimum day of recorded flow
within the study period, the tank was loaded at the low rate of 1^7 gallons
per square foot per day (gsfd), whereas, when the flow figures for the maxi-
mum day's flow were used, the loading was 273 gsfd. The condition of having
the highest recorded instantaneous flow continue throughout the day was calcu-
lated and it was learned that the loading would then "he only J+95 gsfd; all of
these values are well under the recommended surface loading of 600 gsfd, indi-
cating the underloaded condition of this plant.
Sampling Procedure
All samples collected during the test period were taken at intervals
throughout the day and night and then composited on a basis proportional to
the flow at the time the sample was taken. The influent samples were taken
as the sewage flowed over the weir, while all effluent samples were collected
from a manhole in the outfall sewer just outside of the plant. On some
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occasions, samples were collected from the interceptor sewers, outfall,
and downstream from the outfall pool.
All collected samples were iced down until composited to limit any
bacterial action.
Laboratory Determinations
The summary results of the chemical analyses of samples collected are
shown in Table 1-1V.
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TABLE 1-IV. SUMMARY RESULTS OF LABORATORY ANALYSES - SEWAGE TREATMENT PLAKT
GROSSE ILE NAVAL AIR STATION
Influent
Effluent
pH	/
Susp. Solids mg/l
Total Solids mg/l
Cond.
Alkalinity"
Chlorides
Phenols
BOD
jimhos
'mg/l
mg/l
¦ug/1
mg/l
Total Coliform/lOO ml	5,100,000
Fecal Coliform/lOO ml
Fecal Streptococcus/lOO ml 82,000
Maximum
Minimum
Mean
Maximum
Minimum
Mean
7.7
6.8
7.4
8.1
7.3
7-5
108
1U
59
51
21
31
730
kho
57^
670
520
555
330
155
2>i2
285
170
235
197
1 h6
17U
210
176
188
IhG
28
5?
100
23
55
232
16
78
81
19 '
1+9
192
31
9k
97
37
56'

Value


Value

7,100,000
6,U00,000
71,000
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The results of the chemical analyses of the sewage, for the most part,
indicate that the influent sewage is. of weak strength. This is indicated
"by the analyses of total and suspended solids, BOD, and chlorides.
The plant efficiency indicated a BOD removal of ^0 percent and a sus-
pended solids reduction of kf percent. The removals are somewhat indicative
of Imhoff Tank treatment. The removals on individual days, however, are
variable in several of the analyses.
Biological Investigation
The biological investigation of the station's outfall pool and receiving
waters was performed on February 5, 19&3-
In general, it was observed that below the outfall, whitish-gray strands
of "sewage fungus" covered the rocks and twigs fominf ''streamers" in the
current. In spots the stream bed was blanketed with fe i/c-like brownish mats
of this material. A definite putrescent-type odor, primarily hydrogen sulfide,
was observed near the outfall; however, bottled samples of the water a short
distance downstream also emitted a strong hydrogen sulfide odor immediately
after collection.
The findings indicate that Frenchman Creek is in a septic condition at
least 'from shortly above the station outfall to well below this point. The
dense population of ciliate protozoans, restricted almost to a single species;
the heavy incidence of Sphaerotilus, Beggiatoa, and othe- sewage bacteria;
the prevalence of fungi coupled with the absence of plankton and all inverte-
brates, with the exception of tubificid worms and nematodes, leads, to the
conclusion that the streain is grossly polluted. Only those organisms are
present which can tolerate heavy organic pollution and low oxygen potentials.
This short stream provides only one zone of existence - -;he polysaprobic. ¦
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Such chemical and microbiological data available support the conclusion that
the stream is too polluted, not long enough, and lacking a positive movement
of water tovard its mouth to provide a transition to a mesosaprobic environ-
ment.
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Conclusions
1.	Frenchman Creek, the receiving stream for the effluent from this
lant, is grossly polluted.
2.	This pollution is primarily caused by w-astes originating on the
rosso lie Naval Air Station.
3- Inadequate waste treatment facilities at the "boat dock cause a
azardous situation to. water users in this immediate vicinity.
4.	Numerous homes, boat wells, and a yacht club have been built along
he polluted Frenchman Creek since the construction of the sewage treatment
lant.
5.	Bacterial concentrations in the effluent from the se^rage treatment
lant are excessively high, representing a health hazard to those using the
ater in Frenchman Creelc.
6.	The results of data collected during this survey indicate plant
erformance indicative of an Imhoff tank receiving weak sc./age, although
peration is not as uniform or consistent as desired.
Recommendations
In order to achieve more uniform and consistently satisfactory results
rom this installation, the following are recommended:
1. Scrape sloping sides of sedimentation chamber daily to keep
ivisional slots between this chamber and digestion chambers open.
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2.	Reverse the direction of set-rage flow every two weeks to distribute
the sludge load in the digestion chamber as evenly as possible.
3.	Break up the scum in gas vents "by soaking it semi-weekly, or more
frequently with water under pressure.
Make monthly observations of sludge level at three or more points
in the digestion compartment. Maintain at least 18 inches between the top
of sludge layer in digestion chamber and the bottom of the divisional slot.
5.	Withdraw sludge more frequently and in smaller quantities in the
warmer months rather than at longer intervals in large quantities.
6.	Maintain a better operating record which would include the following
items:
a.	Settleable solids in raw sewage and tank effluent (daily).
b.	Dates and conditions of skimming and cleaning the flowing-
through compartment, removing scum, cleaning of slots, and reversal of
influent.
c.	Dates of sludge removal, and volume (approximate cubic feet)
of sludge removed.
d.	Depth of sludge.
e.	pH of sludge (at least monthly).
f.	Chlorination records.
g.	Total coliform concentrations in effluent.
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7.	During the entire year, very precise and strict control "be exercised
over the plant effluent "by maintaining continuous chlorination of the treated
wastes so that the geometric mean of the effluent coliform densities does not
exceed 2,^400 organisms per 100 ml.
8.	Replacement of the outmoded septic tank installation at the "boat
dock with a treatment unit of the "Aerobic Digestion" design, manufactured
for individual householders. A 1,000-gallon unit \ri.th overflow to an added
200-gallon chlorination tank with chlorination is recommended.
9.	These recommendations are "based upon the assumption that the U.S. '
Naval Air Station at Grosse lie tall be closed on or before September 1, 1967.
If this is not the case, one of two alternatives is further recommended.
a.	Connection to the municipal sewage collection and treatment
system proposed for constmetion at Grosse lie in the immediate future.
b.	Enlargement of the present ncval facilities to include
secondary treatment as proposed in the original plans.
Aircraft Washing Operations
Each of hi aircraft assigned to the station is washed, including the
engines, once every 2 weeks using tiro different detergents - I'eolite and Turco.
Each month 025 gallons of Keolite and 200 gallons of 'Turco ere used. The
chemical constituents in the detergents are not known. Usually, washing
operations last approximately 3 hours per day. As another possible source of
pollution, the hangar decks are also washed approximately every 2 weeks.
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Water for aircraft and hangar deck crashing is supplied from the City of
Detroit i/ater system. Waste engine oil from the aircraft is disposed in a
dumping ground located adjacent to the east runway. The vzaste oil is then
used to control dust on the road to the boat house.
Laboratory Determinations
The results of the laboratory analyses of samples collected are shown
on Table 2-IV.
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TABLE 2-IV. RESULTS OF LABORATORY ANALYSES - AIRCRAFT HASHITJC- WASTES
GROSSE ILE NAVAL AIR STATION
Susp. Total Oil &
Phenol Alk. CI. Sol. Sol. Grease Cond. Coli.
Date Time Terra. pH ug/l mp,/l mg/l rap,/1 mp;/l mg/l umbos HF/lOOml
9/9 io
9/10 9
9/11 9
19.0







- 30,000
19.0
8.1
2
21b
57
2

7
656 L100,000
19.5
8.0





1
900 13,000
20.0
8.0





0
900


h


20
840
195
6,000

8.0
3
21k
57
11
840
51
778 30,000
9/22 16
Average
Oil - "based upon recommended design flow of 35*000 gpd.
• 035 mgd. x 8.3U l"bs x 51 mg/l = average daily discharge of oil
gal	= 1^.9 lbs. of oil/day
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Flow Measurement and Sanplinf, Procedures
The wastes from aircraft washing operations drain to Frenchman Creek
through a 36" storm sewer approximately 1,200 feet south of Groh Road.
The 36" drain' to Frenchman Creek was Raged continuously for the period
from September 6 to September 11, 19°3.» using a 90° V-notch weir and a
L&S Type F water level recorder. Flov volumes are recorded in Ta"ble 3-IV.
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TABLE 3-IV. 1 FLOW MEASUREMENTS - AIRCRAFT WASTES
GROSSE ILE NAVAL AIR STATION
Average Daily	Discharge Rate During Hours of
Date	Discharge (gpd)	Aircraft Washing Operations (gpd)
19S3
9/6
17,900
30,800
9/1
20,300
78,000
9/8
10,500
13,800
9/9
16,HOO
2^,600
9/10
1U,900
16,900
9/ii
17,100
2^,500
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No rain fell during the study.
Five bacteriological and four chemical grab samples were collected
during the period of the survey from the water that passed over the weir.
Observations
1.	The 36" drain emptying into Frenchman Creek approximately 2,500 feet
south of C-roh Road was observed during a heavy rainstorm to determine whether
the wastes from aircraft washing could possibly get out through this outfall.
It had been learned earlier that this sewer had possibly caved in and was
blocked off. It did not contain any rainwater and, as a result, would not
contain any wastes from aircraft washings.
2.	A heavy scum of oil collected behind the baffle at the flow-measuring
station. This was the result of a gradual accumulation of floating oil from
aircraft washing.
3.	Several times, private citizens living along Frenchman Creek have
observed heavy oil slicks over the entire creek. It is believed that this is
the result of promiscuous dumping of oil in the drain sever ar._ not the grad-
ual accumulation from aircraft washing. Nevertheless, at all times, a visible
light oil sheen was apparent on the water surface.
Conclusions
1.	The waste disposal facilities for engine oil cro satisfactory.
2.	Closer control should be followed to prevent promiscuous dumping
of waste engine oil into sewers.
3.	Except for oil, the waste effluent from aircraft washing operations
appear to be of satisfactory quality to protect present water uses in French-
man Creek. The bacteria concentrations are no more than would be expected
from ordinary land drainage.
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h. The 36" drain located 1,U00 feet downstream from the drain under ¦
study appears to "be abandoned and "blocked off; thus preventing any aircraft
washings from reaching Frenchman Creek through this outlet.
5. At first glance, the washings did not appear to contain much oil.
However, a considerable amount of oil did accumulate behind the baffle at
the f1ow-me a suring setup and the laboratory analysis also shoved oil to be
excessive in the waste discharge. Established recommended maximum concen-
/ (1)
trations of oil in -waste effluents should not exceed 15 rag/1- .The average
effluent concentration of oil from the plane washing operations is 51 ny?/l.
The discharge of l1^.9 lbs. of oil per day to the creek imparted a definite
visible sheen of oil on the water surface discoloring and coating the hulls
of boats moored in the area.
Recommendations
Untreated wastes from aircraft washing operations should not be admitted
(2)
to domestic sewage treatment plants; therefore, it is recommended that
treatment be provided to prevent damage to present vater uses in Frenchman
Creek from oil wastes.
An oil separator should be installed similar in design to that recommend-
(3)
ed by the American Petroleum Institute. This treatment device provides a
mechanism for breaking any emulsions and includes flotation and skimming to
adequately dispose of the oil wastes. It is guaranteed by the manufacturer
to produce an effluent with not over 15 mg/1 of oil and possibly can be
obtained as a "Package" plant.
Accordingly, the following preliminary design factors should be
considered:
1. A flash mix with the addition of calcium chloride in amounts of
approximately 15 lbs. per 1,000 gallons of waste to break the oil-i/ater
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emulsion.
2.	Design flow of 35>000 gpd.
3.	Detention time of one hour.
Flow-through velocity not to exceed 2 feet per minute.
5. A minimum depth to width ratio of 0.3.
Upon treatment by the gravity oil-water separator, the effluent can
then be satisfactorily discharged to Frenchman Creek.
1.	"Report of the International Joint Commission United States and
Canada on the Pollution of Boundary Waters." "ashington-Ottawa, page 18,
1951.
2.	"Disposal of Airplane Wash Waters." United States Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, P.obert A. Taft,
Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, December 1955 •
3.	"Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes." American Petroleum
Institute, Division of Refining, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, ilew York,
New York, 7th Edition, 1963.
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U.S. CORPS OP ENGINEERS MAHITENANCE DREDC-IWC- OPERATIONS
ROUGE AND KAISIN RIVERS
Past associations "between the Public Health Service and the Corps-of
Engineers regarding maintenance dredging revealed that the primary re-
sponsibility for water pollution control is not with the Corps of Engineers
who, in accordance with Congressional instructions, are maintaining a facility
of general benefit to the public and of special benefit to the industries
using the rivers and harbors for commercial traffic. The primary responsi-
bility lies with the municipalities and industries occupying the banks of ¦
the rivers and harbors and discharging inadequately treated sewage and in-
dustrial wastes into the streams. Furthermore, the Public Health Service
agrees that, in general, the present maintenance dredging operation procedure
on the Rouge and Raisin Rivers constitutes an acceptable means of disposing of
dredge material. (See U.S. Public Health Service report entitled "Special
Studies U.S. Hopper Dredge Savannah Operations, Detroit River, March 21, ¦
. 19^9.")
On October 3? 19^3 > two engineers from the Detroit River-Lake Erie
Project, Public Health Service, observed dredging operations on the Raisin
River aboard the U.S. Array Engineer Hopper Dredge ~/yrr/ri. On October 2k, 1963,
dredging operations were observed aboard the U.S. Amy "..gineer Hopper Dredge
Hains operating on the Rouge River. The purpose of the inspections was to
ascertain whether the proper precautionary measures are oaken ":y the Corps of
Engineers to niui..J.ze damage to water quality fron dredging operations and to
recommend corrective incisures if warranted.
The folloiring observations were made daring these inspection trips:
1. Raisin River Dredging Operations - U.S. Army I:_igineer Hopper
Dredge Lyman.
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During loading operations, a large area of turbid vater vas observed.
Because of the wind and heavy sea conditions, it vas impossible to tell vhich
way this material vas drifting from the harbor area. On the vay to the dump-
ing grounds in Lake Erie, there vas no sign of the material leaking from the
dredge, and after the material vas dumped, no floating debris vas seen except
garbage that vas thrown overboard on the dumping grounds® It has been custom-
ary to dump garbage on the designated dumping grounds, but at no other place.
*
Garbage is kept aboard the dredge vhile in harbor, and vhlle proceeding from
harbor to harbor. Also, there were no sanitary facilities aboard the dredge
except for the common marine toilet. There vas no treatment of vaste or
chlorination.
During the dredging operations, no problems vere observed, except for the
turbid vater created by the hydraulic pumping of material into the hoppers
and the overflow of turbid vater from the hoppers vhile loading operations
vere underway. Another area of turbid vater vas observed at the dumping
grounds when the material vas dumped from the bottom of the dredge, but no
turbid vater vas observed to result from previous operations on the dumping
grounds vhich had taken place about one hour before.
2. Rouge River Dredging - U.S. Army Engineer Hopper Dredge Hains.
The area immediately surrounding the dredge during loading operations
was very turbid due to agitation of the bottom material and overflow from
the hoppers. While travelling dovn the Detroit River, a trail of turbid
vater was noted behind the ship. No reasonable explanation vas given of vhy
' this occurred except to say that it could not be helped. It vas noted, how-
ever, that considerable difficulty is experienced in the dredging of material
from the Rouge River due to the characteristics of the sludge. Tire rims,
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wood pulp, tin cans, "bottles, etc., are difficult to pump; thus creating;
problems "with, the pumps and valves. No pollution problems were encountered
in the piping of the material from the hoppers to the Grassy Island disposal
site in the Detroit'River. However, this operation should be carefully and
continually observed to see that no excessive leaks occur in the connecting
joint to the ship or in the pipe to the disposal site.
Waste disposal practices observed aboard ship consisted of the following:
(a)	Trash is incinerated on board.
(b)	The garbage is macerated in a garbage grinder located in the ship's
galley prior to disposal into the Detroit River.
(c)	Material that will not go through the garbage grinder and cannot be
incinerated, such as tin cans and bottles, is disposed of by hand carrying
by the cook's mate to the diked area inside the 'ir^sy Island dumping grounds.
The results of our sampling program and investigations did not disclose
any apparent damage to water uses from the present dredging methods. Sur-
veillance activities, to unfold any new developments or to determine with
more assurance our present position, will continue.
Recommendations
The recommendations of the Public Health Service for closer control of
water quality in maintenance dredging opcra.tio.is >ire outlined as follows:
1.	The hopper dredges discontinue disposing of thr. ship's trash and
garbage at the Raisin River dumping grounds.
2.	Install aboard ship suitable treatment units "to adequately dispose
of all sanitary wastes including trash, garbage and human excreta.
3- Closer control be exercised to minimize the loss of c:\idge material
from the hoppers while proceeding to the dumping grounds.
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b. A vigorous attempt "be made "by the Corps of Engineers to reduce the
amount of dredging with action leading to reduction of discharge of setteable
material "by increasing the charges to polluters for removing the material
commensurate with the damages to water uses incurred. It is believed that
it was not the intent of Congress that such dredginc operations should provide
a method of disposal of solid material deposited by individuals or corporations
in navigable streams. It is desirable not only that dredged channels be
maintained but that every means possible be taken to keep the cost of such
maintenance to a minimum.
To put the recommendations into effect as soon as possible,, a visit was
made to the office of the District Engineer to discuss the findings of the
investigations.
The District Engineer agreed to take steps to see that the recommendations
be put into effect. Me reiterated that the Corps of '."ine^rs does charge
the polluters for removing the material co:.ime:isurate vi-oh the damages to
water uses incurred and that the Corps of Engineers does not have any statutory
authority to prevent the original discharge of the material to the navigable
waterway. He also stressed the responsibility of the Corps of Engineers in
enforcing Federal legislation relative to discharge of waste materials from
vessels into navigable waters.
SUMMARY 07 VAST?. DISPOSAL PRACTIC?^ 07 OTIISR	L ITTSTALL.'.TIOITS
OJT STUDY WATERS
The information for this phase of the study is surixarized in Table 4-IV.
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TABLE U-IV. SEWAGE DISPOSAL PRACTICES AT FEDERAL INSTALLATIONS
1
Domestic Sewage
Name
City
Department	gal/day j) treated Type of Treatment
Naval Reserve Training Center Detroit
Belle Isle Coast Guard Station Detroit
Detroit Coast Ou,'- Pe.se
Fort Wayne
Nike Site 2oD
Detroit River Light
U.S. Public Health Service
Hospital
r» .f. ,
Dotroit
Detroit
Detroit
(Belle Isle)
Navy
Treasury
Treasury
Amy
Army
9,521
1,610
2,520
75,000
100	Discharge	to municipal	severs
100	"	" . "	"
100	"	"	"
100	"	" "	"
5,000(651) 100
Unincorporated Treasury
De troit	HEW
Cz-zzzz II;:	J'Tavy
350
lt-2,500
85,000
i5,ooo?
1. Inforrviti^'i o ~.,-	"ro":i Vo.'U-".:- of the ''Waste	Disposal Practices at Federal Installations.
0 Direct discharge to lake Erie
100 Discharge to municipal sewers
100 Irr.hoff Tank with discharge to
surface water and chlorination
during summer
Dp-c01>'>v > ,
¦).
2. Untrentod v-sl.er; fro>i pire/1'
yj'rh oner -i'.i.ons tVi r,charred to surface waters.

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In order that all Federal ins tallations in the study area "be on an
equal basis regardless of the degree of pollution occurring from each one,
it is recommended that the Coast Guard Station at the Detroit River Light
install a macerator-chlorinator type device similar to that placed a"board
motor launches and in design to that manufactured "by the Carlson Company
of Mutuchen, Massachusetts. There remain a possibility, though remote,
that "bathers, fishermen, or even personnel o? the station could come in
contact with fecal matter originating from t'-.r Li;;.:t .o-j~e.
Tne Federal Government should be expected -co lead the vay in proper
waste disposal practices.
25-IV

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