UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF WATER
GROUND WATER PROTECTION DIVISION (WH-550G)
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS DOCUMENTATION,
REGIONS I AND IH
Rl
REGION I
REGION III
Washington, DC
1992
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF WATER
GROUND WATER PROTECTION DIVISION (WH-550G)
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS DOCUMENTATION,
REGIONS I AND HI
n
REGION I
REGION III
ป
ฃ A
Washington, DC
1992
12K
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires significant data acquisition, data
management, and data use to achieve an effective Ground Water Protection Program. Many
tools are possible to achieve such a goal. This report gives a 5-year perspective on the
experiences of two EPA Regions, Regions I and m, related to ground water data and
information management using the evolving technology of geographic information systems
(GIS).
GIS provides a geographically-based framework for the identification, display, and solution
of ground water problems. The pictorial nature of geographic presentations facilitates
problem-solving. GIS enables staff and management to make informed decisions using a
comprehensive analytical perspective.
EPA Regions I (Boston) and m (Philadelphia) were among the first Regions to acquire GIS
hardware, software, and personnel. Each Region has used GIS for ground water protection
purposes, but their experiences are different in terms of strategy, priorities, and applications
of GIS. Region I has emphasized site-specific applications; Region III has used a regional,
prioritizing approach to help target its program activities, in addition to site-specific
applications.
The Comprehensive Ground Water Protection Program places a premium upon ground water
data and its application in helping protect the ground water resource. This document, by
illustrating the GIS technology process and its application, is intended to stimulate continuing
application of GIS technology to further programmatic goals. This stimulus will help protect
the ground water resource both for safe human consumption and for the preservation of
healthy ecosystems.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This technology process documentation of geographic information systems represents a
combined effort of Regions I and m, with direction and support from EPA Headquarters.
EPA staff involved in managing, coordinating, and developing this document include the
following: Miriam Romblad, Headquarters, Project Officer; Peter A. Weber, Region HI,
Work Assignment Manager; Dr. Ava Nelson Zandy, Region HI, first GIS Coordinator;
Sumner Crosby, GIS Programmer, Ground Water Protection Section; and David Delaney,
Region I, Ground Water Management Section.
ICF Incorporated, Paul Bailey, Program Director, provided contract support (EPA Contract
No. 68-CO-0083, Work Assignment Nos. 0-32 and 1-32). Dynamac Corporation, Todd
Holderman, Work Assignment Leader, was the subcontractor, who compiled and processed
the Regional information.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Executive Summary iii
Acknowledgments iv
List of Figures and Tables vii
1.0. Introduction 1-1
2.0. GIS Program Development 2-1
2.1 Management Requirements for Program Development 2-1
2.1.1 Justifying the Project 2-1
2.1.2 Obtaining Financial Support 2-2
2.1.3 Assessing Institutional Barriers 2-2
2.2 Planning Requirements for Program Development 2-3
2.2.1 Reviewing Data Quality/Data Management Needs 2-3
2.2.2 Evaluating Resource Limitations 2-4
2.2.3 Defining Analytical Limitations 2-5
2.3 Cautionary Notes for Program Implementation 2-5
2.3.1 Understanding GIS Capabilities 2-5
2.3.2 Interpreting Results 2-6
3.0. GIS Process 3-1
3.1 Region in 3-1
3.1.1 New Castle County, DE, Pilot Project 3-2
3.1.2 Regional Assessment Pilot Project 3-5
3.1.3 Implementation Structure In Region m 3-6
3.2 Region I 3-9
3.2.1 Upjohn Prototype Project 3-9
3.2.2 Implementation Structure in Region I 3-11
4.0 Components of the GIS Operation 4-1
4.1 Personnel 4-1
4.2 Hardware/Software 4-2
4.3 Data 4-3
4.3.1 Data Considerations 4-4
4.3.2 Data Sources 4-5
5.0 Uses and Users 5-1
5.1 Applications 5-4
5.1.1 Where Are the Current Source(s) of Pollution? 5-4
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONT'D
Page
5.1.2 Based on Pollution Sources and Land Characteristic, What Areas Are
Potentially Affected or Susceptible to Pollution? Who Is at the Greatest
Risk? What Area Contains the Greatest Threat to Public Health or the
Environment? 5-6
5.1.3 Are Pollution Control Efforts Effective? 5-9
5.1.4 How Does the Presence of Natural Resource Areas Affect Regional
Ecological Values 5-10
5.2 Future Emphasis . . . 5-11
5.2.1 Cross-Programmatic Applications 5-11
5.2.2 RCRA/Water Management Division Applications 5-13
6.0 GIS Benefits 6-1
6.1 Benefits 6-1
6.2 Costs 6-3
6.2.1 Personnel 6-3
6.2.2 Hardware and Software 6-4
6.2.3 Data 6-7
6.3 Cost/Benefit .6-7
7.0 References 7-1
8.0 Bibliography 8-1
Appendix: Vermont Chapter, Region I GIS Needs Assessment
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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
Page
Figure 3-1 Region HI Pilot Project Process 3-3
Figure 3-2 Phases and Schedules for Region in PilQt 3-4
Figure 3-3 The GIS User's Group 3-6
Figure 3-4 Items to Consider When Planning a GIS Project 3-8
Figure 5-1 Major Ground Water Related Programs 5-2
Figure 5-2 Ground Water Programs 5-3
TABLES
Table 1-1 Ten General Uses for GIS in the Federal Government 1-5
Table 4-1 Data Coverages for Region IE Pilot Project 4-6
Table 4-2 Data Modules Available From GRIDS . . . 4-7
Table 4-3 Data Needed for Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Agricultural Management
and Wellhead Protection Project 4-10
Table 5-1 GIS Applications in Regions I and HI - Reference Table 5-15
Table 6-1 Cost/Benefit Analysis of Specific GIS Applications in Region m 6-8
Table 6-2 Methodology for Scoring Categories in Region m GIS Cost/Benefit
Analysis 6-11
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report was developed to be both a guidance document and a technical reference
for GIS applications in ground water programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). The target audience is EPA, States, and local ground water protection communities.
The information in this document draws upon the experiences of EPA Regions I and HI,
where GIS has been implemented successfully into programmatic activities. This document
is intended to be useful not only to managers concerned about such items as overall program
direction, program costs, benefits, and organizational and resource requirements, but also to
program and technical staff personnel who require specific knowledge about data,
procedures, and applications. Although the information presented here is from EPA Regions
I and m, and is concerned with ground water-related projects, the issues addressed are
pertinent to any organization that uses GIS in environmental and health-related programs.
The Ground Water Protection Program at EPA has long recognized the fundamental
need for enhanced data management to provide better information for program execution. A
recent Ground Water Program management report (Strategy for the 1990s) characterized
ground water data/information needs in three major categories: (1) Data Consistency,
Quality and Automation; (2) Data Accessibility; and (3) Utilization of GIS and other
applications.1 Improved information management will lead to improved decisionmaking,
which will support more efficient program administration, resulting in greater protection of
the ground water resource. Communication, information-sharing, and partnership-building,
which played key roles in the successes of the Regions I and m GIS programs, are also
necessary for cogent information management.
GIS is a valuable technology for ground water protection. It is a data integration
and analysis tool that combines sophisticated mapping and database capabilities with large
computing capacity. It enables spatially-based data to be captured, stored, displayed,
analyzed, and modeled. The implementation of GIS has become more feasible in recent
years as a result of advances in computer hardware and software technologies, decreases in
hardware costs, and advances in data-gathering techniques that have led to improvements in
the accuracy of spatial data.2 GIS is rapidly becoming one of the most efficient tools for
comprehensive information management in environmental organizations.
The EPA Ground Water Protection Program has been evolving quickly. The EPA
Ground-Water Task Force set the Agency strategy for the 1990s and the Comprehensive
State Ground Water Protection Program (CSGWPP) implements this strategy.3 One of the
six strategic activities of a comprehensive program is coordinated information collection
and management. Record-keeping, monitoring, and gathering of other necessary
information, within and across the many ground water-related programs, are essential aspects
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of a comprehensive program. The EPA ground water program managers believe GIS is an
essential technology to achieve this strategic activity.
The Ground Water Program has for many years been collecting data and using this
information for ground water protection efforts. Numerous ground water-related programs
require ground water data. All of the following Federal laws mandate ground water data
collection and management4:
Clean Water Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(Superfund)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
Toxic Substances Control Act
These laws generate regulatory and enforcement data, that are deposited in
individualized databases. To facilitate cross-program and multi-media data integration these
databases also may be indexed using EPA identification numbers, addresses, and geographic
coordinates.
Obstacles to managing ground water data can be grouped into three general problem
areas:
1. Inadequate data
Ground water data are not being collected at all, or are being collected
with an insufficient number of parameters to represent water quality
adequately.
Accurate locational data or other baseline information may be
unavailable; consequently, the value of the data is limited.
Data quality control procedures are nonexistent or highly variable;
thus, data usage may yield uncertain results.
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2. Decentralized data
Information is highly compartmentalized by program, agency, and
manager, thus requiring massive data identification, re-collection, and
integration efforts.
Data are in various agency locations as a result of delegation and
cooperative arrangements with States, local governments, and other
Federal agencies; therefore, significant effort is required for data
sharing and compilation.
3. Variable data formats
Data may be in only hardcopy or non-computer-readable format, thus
requiring painstaking data automation.
Data may be housed on various computer systems in incompatible
national, State, or local databases, and may thus require additional
processing before the data are fully useful.
To meet The Ground Water Program's requirement of implementing tasks using a
comprehensive analytical/managerial perspective, these data use obstacles need to be
continually surmounted. The use of GIS will aid in this effort. Specifically, GIS will:
Provide a tool that enables the aggregation/assessment of massive amounts of
ground water data;
Provide a common reference point (i.e., geographic location) for single and
cross-program discussions;
Enable accomplishment of data integration efforts on a manageable scale; and
Require the use of better quality data, which will ultimately improve
decision-making.
GIS operation requires several elements. EPA programs require management and
staff who develop program strategies that include the use of GIS as a tool to meet specific
program needs. Program personnel then require a partnership with information resource
management personnel (i.e. GIS technical staff) familiar both with computer operations and
technical issues at the core of GIS infrastructure. In addition, data issues drive the actual
GIS operation in terms of scope and amount of resources required to perform a particular
project.3 One or more database(s) contain locational data associated with descriptive data or
attributes. The levels of data are termed "layers" or "themes." Coupled with the software
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tools of the GIS, the layers can be combined to perform various analyses and to generate or
display maps. Since geographic datasets are generally large, and graphical operations require
good computer response time, sufficient disk storage, and computing performance. The
integration of various data components with a GIS database paves the way for examination of
data that would be difficult, if not impossible, to perform using traditional analog methods.
The Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee for Digital Cartography (FICCDC)
identified 10 general uses for GIS within the Federal Government (Table 1-1). Of the 10
uses, the following have specific ground water applications 6:
Terrain maps, where ground watersheds can be determined;
Data display analysis;
Mineral resource assessment, for geological data;
Environmental assessment and monitoring;
Thematic map data, which are relied upon extensively;
Resource inventory; and
Base map development.
EPA Regions I and m use GIS to identify and analyze environmental problems; to
prioritize and allocate program resources for managing environmental problems; and to
perform site-specific data management tasks. In Region m, during 1988, ground water staff
interviewed program managers and other staff to identify essential program management
needs that could be accomplished with GIS. An application inventory was developed and
prioritized and then a series of pilot projects was identified and initiated.7 Primary goals of
the GIS program at Region m were first to develop an overview of problems and activities in
the region, and then to focus program efforts and resources where they were most needed.
Cooperative relationships were built with the States so that the evaluation of GIS needs for a
particular project addressed not only EPA's requirements but also the States' needs. From
the experiences of these activities, the process has been refined. Region m has more than 20
GIS projects ongoing or completed, more than half of these are used for regional assessment
and planning. The other applications address specific programs such as CERCLA and
RCRA.
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Table 1-1. Ten General Uses for GIS in the Federal Government6
(Ground Water Applications Underlined)
1. Terrain mans
Topographic maps, elevation models, slope maps, aspect maps,
shaded relief maps, and perspective views
2. Data disolav analysis
Map data access and display, merging and integrating databases,
and image maps
3. Navigation systems
Air traffic control systems, in-flight navigational data, nautical
4. Network simulation
models
National Rail Network Model and National Rail Defense Essential
Network
5. Mineral resource
assessment
Geologic maps, mineral and mineral fuel resource assessment,
engineering geology, and geologic hazards
6. Environmental
assessment and
monitorina
Environmental impact assessment, irrigation suitability, irrigation
development monitoring, contamination and pollution studies, soil
conservation, and flood mapping
7. Thematic man data
Socioeconomic, demographic, soil, and other characteristics at
the state, county, congressional district, and Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area levels; National Airspace System;
and feature analysis
8. Land and water
resource inventory,
olannina. and
manaaement
Site design and screening, road design, land management, prime
farm and forest land surveys, cultural land mass information,
wetland maps, habitat assessment, and water quality and
quantity studies
9. Trainers and
simulators
Radar trainers and flight simulators
10. Base man
develooment
Analysis, plotting, modification, and revision of quadrangle maps,
aeronautical charts, marine information, cadastral maps, ocean
surveys, base charting, and navigation
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Region I similarly identified pilot applications for initial GIS efforts, through its
water programs. Unlike Region m however, States in Region I already had generated a
substantial amount of digital data, and therefore were experienced in working with this type
of information. The relationship Region I built with State organizations consisted of
technical assistance to State information resource management groups. Region I also has been
involved in more than 20 projects. Most applications are used to address site-specific
program needs.
Chapter 2 of this document, GIS Program Development, details information on
management, planning and implementation issues. Chapter 3, Summary GIS Process,
describes how projects are administered and implemented. Chapter 4, Components of the
GIS Operation, discusses the elements required in GIS implementations, including
personnel, hardware/software, and data. In Chapter 5, GIS Uses and Users, general users
and uses are briefly described, and a catalog of uses implemented in both Regions is
presented. Chapter 6, Program Benefits, presents basic benefits associated with GIS
implementation. The Appendix presents a State GIS Survey (Vermont), which indicates GIS
activities in the state, and assesses their future GIS needs.
The diverse nature of GIS operations in EPA did not permit comprehensive coverage
of items such as data-specific and project-specific processes. However, various projects are
presented to illustrate the details of such issues.
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2.0 GIS PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
SUMMARY
Geographic information systems had to be introduced and developed in the regional
offices by deliberate management, planning and implementation actions. This GIS program
development occurred in both Regions I and HI. Region m was led by the Water
Management Division Director, who secured EPA Headquarters delivery/installation of GIS
hardware/software in the Regional Information Resources Management Branch in December
1987. Region I started its operations by using the existing GIS located at a district office of
the U.S. Geological Survey. It subsequently acquired its own GIS in December 1987.
Since then, each Region has developed more than a score of GIS projects.8
EPA has developed effective GIS programs both in Regions I and HI. There are
three basic requirements for program development: management, planning, and
implementation. Each of these requirements is discussed in sections that follow.
2.1 MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
2.1.1 Justifying the Project
To obtain required funding, it is necessary to justify to upper management the need
for the project (and the required resource and staff support). The GIS project lead needs to
demonstrate that the project will: (1) promote Agency objectives, and (2) be used to assist
managers with making decision and attaining program goals. Therefore, it is critical to
define the project's goals and objectives clearly:
Identify management applications (e.g., resource prioritization and allocation,
problem identification, risk assessment);
Identify specific program applications (e.g., technical assistance for Wellhead
Protection Program development);
Set priorities for the proposed project, relative to other potential applications
(e.g., employ a ranking methodology); and
Conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed project (i.e., assess the
project's projected costs relative to its anticipated benefits).
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2.1.2 Obtaining Financial Support
Where financial resources required for project development are limited, develop
cooperative arrangements ("joint ventures") with other interested parties to defray costs by
"pooling" resources. Potential partners may include State government counterparts, other
Federal agencies (e.g., U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Geologic Survey), local
governmental agencies, watershed managers, and universities. Within the Region, there is a
need to develop intendivisional GIS initiatives to promote mutual program needs.
Cooperative ventures may include water, hazardous waste, and toxic programs, which
frequently are located in different divisions. Senior management and staff need to establish
working relationships with their counterparts across divisional lines. GIS partnerships
formed in Region in have included the following:
Jefferson County. WV. Pesticides Project9: EPA Region HI; West Virginia
Department of Natural Resources; West Virginia Department of Health; U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and Cooperative
Extension Service; U.S. Geological Survey; West Virginia Geological and
Economic Survey; Eastern Panhandle Regional Planning and Development
Council (Jefferson County); and West Virginia Department of Agriculture,
and West Virginia University with technical assistance provided by EPA
Information Resources Management Branch (IRMB).
Anne Arundel County. Maryland. Wellhead Protection Project: EPA Region
HI; Maryland Department of the Environment; Maryland Geological Survey;
U.S. Geological Survey; Anne Arundel County Department of Utilities;
Public Water Supply Program in Maryland, with technical assistance
provided by EPA IRMB.
Superfund Hazard Ranking System Development Project: EPA Region HI
Water Management Division and Hazardous Waste Management Division,
with technical assistance provided by the Temple University Laboratory for
GIS.
New Castle County Wellhead Protection Project: EPA Region HI; New
Castle County Water Resources Agency; Delaware Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Control, technical assistance provided by EPA
IRMB.
2.1.3 Assessing Institutional Barriers
Obstacles to interagency initiatives also can result from institutional barriers between
different levels of government. Relevant parties need to emphasize their overlapping needs.
Also, the purpose of information exchange is to improve environmental assessment and
management capabilities at all levels of responsibility. Within an organization, it is
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important to promote the use of GIS as an integration tool (for pollution prevention and other
multi-media applications).
2.2 PLANNING REQUIREMENTS FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
2.2.1 Reviewing Data Quality/Data Management Needs
With a number of databases, information generally is not sufficiently comprehensive
or accurate to enable definitive assessments using GIS. Locational inaccuracies exist within
certain databases, such as Superfund's CERCLIS database, where a facility's "latitude and
longitude" are sometimes represented by a ZIP code centroid. There also are problems with
the comprehensiveness of various databases, such as the water quality database STORET,
where data collection may have been incomplete or inconsistent. Temporal gaps can make it
difficult to conduct trend analyses. Moreover, statistics collected often are restricted and
only reflect the purposes of the authorizing regulation; consequently, the data may not be
comprehensive enough to enable desired assessments. For example, Region Hi's Phase n
(Pennsylvania) project intended to identify potential water quality violators by correlating
certain disposal practices with Public Water Supply well locations showing significant levels
of contaminants associated with those practices. The analysis was limited by the fact that the
desired "indicator" contaminants were generally not sampled for in STORET, the U.S.
Geological Survey ground water database GWSI, or various other State water quality
databases.
The following measures should be undertaken to address data management issues:
Identify the gaps, errors, or inconsistencies in existing databases.
Cooperate with other organizations. Wherever possible, develop cooperative
initiatives with other agencies, universities, etc., to correct and expand
existing databases. For example, for the Surface Water Intakes Project, EPA
Region in worked cooperatively with State agencies to correctly identify
intake locations.
Identify alternative (existing) data sources that can meet information needs.
Examples include county tax parcel maps, aerial photographs, or remote
sensing imagery.
Examine the design and content of the databases (i.e., their stated purposes
and uses). Assess the feasibility of deriving the desired results from those
databases and determine if the project can use the databases for additional
purposes. Redefine and modify data collection efforts to focus on needed
areas.
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Improve data retrieval methods. Substantial amounts of useful data at the
Federal, State, and local levels are not being used because they are not easily
retrievable. Frequently, it may not be necessary to generate new data for a
given project. Efforts can be focused on locating and transferring such data
to a retrievable form.
Determine and recognize data quality. If a decision is made to use databases
with known inaccuracies or gaps, it is important that the decisionmaker
clearly understands the data quality limitations when interpreting the results.
Otherwise, there will be a temptation to ascribe a higher degree of accuracy
than is warranted. There also will be the temptation to interpret the results
as definitive, rather than as a generalized assessment or "screening"
mechanism.
Maintain flexibility. Modify objectives as projects develop, if necessary, to
conform to unanticipated data quality/availability limitations.
Create reusable datasets. Ensure that data are saved for further use in other
types of projects for the same geographic area.
Develop and implement data quality assurance/quality control procedures.
Document any data used or developed.
Develop key datasets. These datasets include base layers, such as geography,
geology, soils, and other commonly needed information. Examples include
EPA river REACH files and U.S. Census TIGER files. Construct these
basic datasets in a way that allows subsets of the data to be accessed, as
needed.
Understand data collection protocols. Quality assurance/quality control
measures can differ among data collecting organizations and among
databases. The EPA Information Resources Management Branch and the
database systems managers can work together to improve existing databases.
2.2.2 Evaluating Resource Limitations
Because GIS is resource-intensive, particularly during the initial phase, resource
constraints are common. Limitations include a shortage of available funding (for
hardware/software, data acquisitions and transfer costs, etc.), as well as a shortage of
qualified staff. As stated earlier, cooperative working arrangements will help ameliorate
resource limitations.
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2.2.3 Defining Analytical Limitations
The underlying philosophy and purpose of GIS assessments must be well understood
for their analytical implications. For example, it must be determined whether the GIS
objective is (1) to conduct "compartmentalized" analyses, such as definitive site-speciiic
assessments, or (2) to develop comprehensive assessments, such as "the state of the
environment" in a larger geographic area. Neither of these two approaches is the inherently
"more correct" than the other yet each has implications that must be considered. In
conducting a definitive, site-specific assessment, resource costs and data restrictions are
limiting factors in the scope of analysis. In conducting a generic "broad-brush" assessment,
data quality objectives may not be met within a short time-frame, so quality procedures (and
"flagging" poorer quality data) must be emphasized. The project output will need to be
regarded as generalized guidance, rather than as a definitive assessment.
2.3 CAUTIONARY NOTES FOR PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
2.3.1 Understanding GIS Capabilities
It is important to understand the capabilities of GIS as an analytical tool. Tendencies
exist to underuse, over-use, or misuse this technology:
Underuse - There is a tendency to view GIS as a "flashy" presentation
gimmick rather than as a legitimate analytical tool. Another misconception
equates GIS simply with the geographic/cartographic display aspects,
ignoring the technology's sophisticated analytical capabilities.
Over-use - GIS is a powerful analytical tool, but it is important to understand
its limitations. There is a tendency to have unrealistic expectations of GIS
capabilities, based on (1) exaggerated expectations of the system's technical
capabilities, and (2) misunderstanding of data limitations. To ensure that
objectives are met, the user must verify that the intended use is consistent
with the system's capabilities.
Misuse - GIS is most useful as a dynamic (versus static) tool. It is most
useful as a fully-functioning information system, with both graphic and
attribute components. It should not be used to prepare maps for one-time use
with no intention of making updates or showing trend development. It should
not be used to prepare maps solely for thematic display without providing
interpretation and analysis of the environmental data being displayed on the
map output. GIS consists of both geographic and information components, in
a systems setting. It does not just generate maps, nor does it just display
tabular data.
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2.3.2 Interpreting Results
GIS has potential shortcomings, as noted below.
GIS can "give a false sense of numeric precision."
Using GIS for DRASTIC applications can result in "... a situation which
graphically appears to be very exact and accurate, [but] may be, in fact, a
very poor representation of reality. If we do not keep these qualities in
mind, we will fall into the attractive and easy trap of imputing absolute
accuracy to . . . tools . . . which are only approximations."10
GIS representations "often represent only the present."
Furthermore, using GIS "should be tempered by what the future may hold.
We should not, for instance, be less concerned about activities in a sparsely
populated area if we know that population growth trends are such that the
area will eventually see more dense habitation. We should not minimize
protection of an area that does not contain a public water supply well if we
know that the adjacent cities' water supply wells are currently in an industrial
area and therefore will see inevitable degradation, and the area for which we
are determining protection will eventually be the most probable location of
the new city wells. Our GIS representation of the current situation must be
tempered by some understanding of what the future will bring. In fact, GIS
can help us make some of these future projections and predictions."10
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3.0 GIS PROCESS
SUMMARY
The EPA GIS is a tool both for program personnel and for management. To better
serve the EPA Regions, the GIS process must be flexible enough to support a wide variety of
applications and to accommodate the dynamic nature of Regional activities. EPA Regions I
and m have met these needs and have successfully implemented GIS operations using two
different approaches to planning and implementation. Region Hi's "Top-down" approach is
more management-oriented and emphasizes cross-programmatic applications. Region I's
"Bottom-up" style is task-driven to address the needs of a particular program activity.
EPA has established effective GIS organizations at both Region I and Region m.
These organizations have approached the planning and implementation of GIS applications
using two different strategies. The process for GIS tasks in both Regions is described in this
chapter. Specific projects have been used to illustrate this process.
3.1 REGION m
Region m attempted to use geographic analysis tools before a computerized GIS was
installed in the Region. In FY 86, the Ground Water Mapping Program was initiated in the
Ground Water Protection Section. This program was funded by a regional competitive
proposal program, the Measurable Environmental Results Initiatives (MERITs). This first
year's project used USGS topographic sheets for the base maps with acetate overlays of
various risks to ground water. The project ranked all counties in Region m on the basis of
ground- water sensitivity and significance. The criteria were as follows: percentage of
industrial development within a county; evidence of ground water contamination; potential
for ground water contamination; type, toxicity, and level of contamination; aquifer use (e.g.,
drinking water); and number of people using the aquifer as a drinking water source.
In FY 87, a second project was initiated, the Hazardous Waste Impacts on Ground
Water. This effort also was funded by MERITs. The project evaluated the impact from the
two major hazardous waste laws, CERCLA and RCRA, on ground water at sites within the
most environmentally sensitive/significant counties as determined by the previous year's
MERITs project. Subsequently, the RCRA Corrective Action Enforcement Program used
this information to target facilities in implementing their regulatory program. Therefore, a
basic geographic information system methodology was being used prior to the installation of
GIS hardware and software.
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An automated GIS was initiated in the spring of 1988 and funded through the
MERITs proposal process. Using the MERTTs funding, a multi-phased pilot project (one
phase had a single county as a focus and the other included all the counties in the Region to
prioritize program actions) was initiated to demonstrate ground water protection applications
of GIS technology "to more efficiently and effectively address ground water problems.11"
3.1.1 New Castle County, Delaware, Pilot Project
New Castle County, Delaware is the northernmost county in Delaware and contains
the city of Wilmington and heavy industrial development. This county was selected as the
pilot county for the following reasons: (1) both the County and the State were interested in
developing a Wellhead Protection Program (WHPP) in this area; (2) EPA has a mandate to
facilitate and promote the development and implementation of WHPP; and (3) data were
available (e.g. local Water Resources Agency database consisting of approximately 75
geographically based files in digital form). Although other data were collected for the
project, the availability of this database significantly reduced both the time and costs required
for the data gathering process.
The project development process was composed of four basic steps (Figure 3-1). To
illustrate phases and schedules for this pilot project, an EPA-generated Gantt chart is
included (Figure 3-2). The Application phase was used to define the management objective
or need. In the Data Coverages phase, both location and descriptive data needs were
assessed along with data quality and availability issues. Methods and procedures to
implement the project were determined in the Analysis phase. In the final step, Composite
Maps were developed as the end product to define the solution. Various personnel were
utilized in the management and implementation of this pilot project. EPA employees from
the Water Management Division and the Information Resources Management Branch
participated as project lead and technical lead, respectively. In addition, EPA provided
management personnel to oversee the project.
Data were provided by the EPA Chesapeake Bay Program and the New Castle
County, Delaware Water Resources Authority (NCC WRA), while technical assistance was
provided by the Temple University Laboratory for GIS and the USGS Richmond, Virginia
Office.12 About 60% of the data were computer readable, so a significant part of the actual
process was gathering, (not automating) integrating and assuring the quality of the data. 13
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GIS Process
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GIS PROCESS & TERMINOLOGY
Locational
Data
APPLICATION:
V
I
Descriptive
Data
I
DATA COVERAGES:
Assess Needs, Quality and Availability
I
ANALYSIS:
Determine Methods and Procedures
X
COMPOSITE MAPS:
Defines the Solution
Figure 3-1 - Region in Pilot Project Process 12
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3-3
"ฆGIS Process
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Phase IA Schedule
Project Approved/Hardware Obtained
Data Conecticm
Data Entry
Map Coverage Construction
Info File Construction
Composite Map Construction
Project Reports & Evaluation
1987 1988 1989
Sept Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun
Phase IB Schedule
Project Approved/Hardware Obtained
Data Collection
Funding Provided-Temple
Info File Construction
Composite Map Construction
Evaluation & Reports
1988
1989
Sept Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun
i Planned Events
j Tasks Pending
Phase II Schedule
Ph. I State/Regional Briefings
Ph. II Program Development
WHP Applications NCC, DE, - DA
RegionalUICClassVwells -Iฎ
Ag. dm Strategy MERITS -DC
Surface Water Tntakp. Maps - HD
1987
1988
1989
Sept Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun
_
Figure 3-2 - Phases and Schedules for Region EH Pilot (as of October 1988) 12
GIS Technology Process Documentation
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GIS Process
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Among other objectives, the purpose of the pilot project was to demonstrate data
collection, conversion, and evaluation procedures using GIS.14 Some data were already in
the correct format while others required conversion and still others needed digitizing. Test
plots of facility site locations were constructed and compared to source maps to evaluate the
quality of the data. The following map products were constructed:
Locations of EPA-regulated facilities, including major NPDES surface water
discharges, CERCLA sites, and RCRA facilities;
Location of high-risk underground storage tanks;
Location of public water supply (PWS) wells;
Location of PWS surface water intakes;
County/subcounty DRASTIC evaluation;
Population density;
Land use applications;
Septic tank suitability evaluation; and
Recharge areas, aquifers, slope, soils, geology, and hydrology.
The information was then used to identify areas that were vulnerable to
contamination. This effort also involved using the DRASTIC methodology to help evaluate
ground water pollution to assess the county's vulnerability to ground water contamination.15
From this pilot project, a formal process for completing GIS projects evolved.
3.1.2 Regional Assessment Pilot Project
The Ground Water Protection Section needed to determine which areas of the six-
State Region were most vulnerable to both actual and potential ground water pollution. This
need had been met somewhat during the pre-GIS years mentioned earlier. With GIS
technology installed however, a Region-wide assessment could be made with the stronger
presentation, reproduceability, and analytical capabilities of GIS. The Section's GIS
Coordinator arranged database retrievals by the appropriate database managers from the
following systems: Superfund (CERCLIS), RCRA (HWDMS, now RCRIS), drinking water
(FRDS), high-risk underground injection wells (UICTS), soluble pesticide usage (National
Pesticide Survey database), hydrogeological/soils vulnerability (DRASTIC), and ground
water contamination incidents (a regional compendium).
A Ground Water Risk Assessment Methodology was created to prioritize the counties
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in terms of ground water protection. The following factors were used: population dependent
on ground water; pesticide usage; drinking water maximum contaminant level (MCLs)
violations; risks posed by RCRA and CERCLA National Priority List facilities contaminating
ground water; and actual incidents of ground water contamination (reported to EPA, as
derived from news reporting). All these layers were considered individually and in
aggregate. The ground water program ranked the top 30 counties requiring priority action.
3.1.3 Implementation Structure in Region HI
In summary, Region HI established GIS as an essential tool to accomplish
programmatic tasks and to aid management in focusing its pollution control efforts.
Management agreed to incoiporate GIS activities into their fiscal budgets and resources were
set aside for GIS application work. A formal GIS program was established and is supported
by an infrastructure composed of four elements:
1. The GIS Management Steering
Committee;
2. The GIS Users Group;
3. The Geographic Information
Center (GIC), consisting of
A GIS Administrative
Liaison,
GIS Project Leads,
GIS Technical Support
personnel, and
GIS Operations Support
personnel; and
4. The Ground Water Program
Coordinator/Project Leads.
The GIS proposal selection process includes the
following steps16:
1. Program proposal submittal;
2. Geographic Information Center evaluation;
3. GIS Users Group evaluation;
4. GIS Management Steering Committee evaluation; and
5. Program implementation.
GIS Technology Procsss Documentation GIS Process
THE GIS USERS GROUP
The GIS Users Group, organized in
1989, is an inter-divisional forum for
end users of GIS whose' purpose is to
share data and experiences in applying
GIS techniques, define viable multi-
media applications, and assist the
Information Resources Management
Branch (IRMB) in developing GIS
user support and procedural guidance
for the Region. Typical activities for
this management forum will include
periodic meetings to review regional
project plans and ideas, presentation
of project results, evaluation of data
quality assurance procedures,
development of planning processes to
assure adequate GIS support, and
recommendations to senior managers
for beneficial applications of this
technology within EPA and
externally.
Figure 3-3 - The Mission of the GIS Users
Group
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1. Program Proposal Submittal
Project proposals are developed by the program offices with technical advice
and assistance provided by the Geographic Information Center and by the GIS
Users Group. The proposals also are submitted in a form consistent with GIS
guidelines. Since 1988, the Ground Water Protection Section has staffed a GIS
Coordinator who expedites GIS program development for ground water
protection. In 1991, the Section hired a GIS technical expert and secured a
GIS workstation to facilitate GIS usage.
2. Geographic Information Center (GIC)
The GIC is composed of regional GIS program staff, with direct ties to the
national GIS program. The GIS program is organized within the Information
Resources Management Branch, Office of Policy and Management. This group
provides technical support for all regional GIS-related activities, as needed.
The project proposals are submitted to the GIC for review of technical
feasibility and resource requirements.
3. GIS Users Group
Proposals are sometimes discussed preliminarily in the GIS Users Group, a
group that consists of EPA program staff interested in applying GIS. Meetings
are attended by the EPA regional GIS technical team, who provide an
immediate response to the project originator. The GIS Users Group evaluates
the project in a technology-transfer forum. Additional information from the
originator may be solicited to conduct this review. If the project is not found
to be technically feasible, the proposal is returned to the originating program
office (Step 1) with recommendations for scope of work changes.
4. GIS Management Steering Committee
The GIS Management Steering Committee, headed by the Region's senior
management, functions as the regional policy maker. The Committee makes
long-range strategic planning decisions. It also can allocate resources.
Key items of considerations that the Region m GIS program has used in its
GIS process are listed in Figure 3-4. These considerations place any individual GIS
need or action in a larger, comprehensive planning process.
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GIS Process
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CONSIDERATIONS FOR GIS DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Step 1: Compile an inventory of potential management applications that could be addressed with
the GIS
Identify GIS applications that would support your program's Activities and
decision-making functions.
Assess the program management needs that could be satisfied by a GIS project
(e.g., resource prioritization and allocation, problem identification, risk
assessment). Anticipate specific program applications (e.g., prioritizing
permitting, inspections, and enforcement actions).
Identify the primary and secondary users of the project results (e.g., EPA
programs, State agencies, local agencies)
Step 2: Prioritize potential GIS applications
Employ methodology to rank potential applications; consider benefits, costs, and
feasibility.
Address factors relevant to investing regional resources for GIS projects,
including:
Fiscal savings: FTE savings, direct cost savings, time savings,
benefits to other agencies.
Program need: Use of application to one or more programs.
Cross-media impact: More efficient cross-media program
management.
Environmental benefit.
Costs.
Feasibility.
Step 3: Design GIS application
Specify project objectives.
Select geographic boundaries and desired scale of data.
Identify (locational and descriptive) data needs. Assess availability, cost, quality,
and usability (e.g., conversion requirements, procurement time).
Identify staff support required.
Develop QA/'QC procedures.
Select analytical methodologies (e.g., weight tables, flow models).
Specify tasks, schedule, and outputs (e.g., composite maps).
Step 4: Implement GIS application
Acquire data.
Design database.
Automate and input data.
Manipulate and analyze data.
Evaluate results.
Figure 3-4 - Items to Consider When Planning a GIS Project
17
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3.2 REGION I
to GIS is application-driven. Projects
are evaluated on a case-by-case basis;
no formal process exists in which
various projects are rated against one
another. Applications are project-
specific with project-specific goals.
Region I's bottom-up approach
Anticipate pitfalls when planning GIS
projects. Consider data availability,
quality, cost, viability factors, and
required procurement times and staff
support. Adopt a "teamwork"
approach; cooperation is key. Start
simply, maintain flexibility, and
realistically assess goals and
capabilities.
3.2.1 Upjohn Prototype Project
A prototype project that used GIS as a RCRA site management tool will be described
to illustrate how GIS is used in Region I. The goals of this particular project included the
following:
1. To provide a tool that would support site management decisions for corrective
2. To manage large volumes of data in accessible formats, and to develop
interactive links between program staff and that data.
3. To effectively translate the program manager's requirements into GIS products.
4. To characterize the site both historically and currently.
5. To demonstrate GIS techniques to the Waste Division. These techniques
include overlays, interactive query, 3D display, and statistical calculations.
The site chosen was the Upjohn Company's Fine Chemicals Division in North
Haven, Connecticut, a 74-acre site located along the west bank of the Quinnipiac River. As
mentioned earlier, most of the challenges in any GIS project are data-related. This particular
site had extensive data from two sources, an engineer's site map and aerial photographs.
The Topographic Map and Property Line Survey conducted in March 1989 provided Region
I with strong base map layers. The site boundary was surveyed and provided the following
in geometric calculations: bearings, distances, and a State plane northing and easting starting
point. This coverage was created independently from the site map using the TRAVERSE
command in ARC/INFO. Coverages digitized from the site plan included contour lines,
buildings, tank areas, roads, and railroads. Average registration errors represented less than
3 feet on the ground. The topography of the site was generated using the contour coverage
and ARC/INFO's TIN module.
The second, and rather extensive, dataset available was an aerial photograph analysis
done by EPA's Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center (EPIC) in July 1987. The
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3-9
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analysis provided six enlarged photos from the years 1949, 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980, and
1986, each at different scales ranging from 1:2700 to 1:3700. The first phase of the
automation process was to determine registration marks, or tics, for each photograph. Since
the site plan already had been digitized, coordinates for building comers, road intersections,
and hydrographic features were easily obtained.
The second phase of the automation process involved actual digitizing of several
coverages off each photograph. Each coverage fell into one of two categories: dynamic or
cumulative. Dynamic coverages were those that changed and had unique forms each year.
For example, hydrography, fill lines, and drum and tank areas had to be digitized in their
entirety from each photograph. It became apparent when digitizing the lagoons that there
was a need to differentiate between cloud reflection, semi-solid wastes, and land. The drum
and tank areas were identified by EPIC on mylar overlays as point locations; however,
polygons were generated by visually assessing the area and referring to the analysis, which
provided approximate drum and tank counts. Cumulative coverages were those that
remained constant over the years with some alterations or additions. For example, buildings
were enlarged and new roads were added to the coverage.
After all of the layers of information were automated, several analytical tools were
provided to the site manager for access, manipulation, and further investigation of the data.
The primary tool was a special ARCPLOT (SAP) program developed by Environmental
Systems Research Institute (ESRI). SAP provides an interactive user-friendly environment,
allowing access to ARCPLOT, the graphics module of ARC/INFO, with relatively little
knowledge of the software. Any coverage in the directory can be accessed, displayed, and
queried using simple menu-driven commands. SAP offers a spatial and temporal
comprehension about the magnitude of the problem that had not been available before. For
example, the ability to draw 1949 hydrography, shade rivers and lagoons different colors,
then overlay present day locations of monitoring wells becomes a powerful visual tool for
determining additional well locations to investigate further areas of concern. Another tool
provided was an end-user interface developed in Region I for well-boring analysis. A series
of macros were written in the ARC Macro Language (AML) to allow data to be accessed
from INFO, the relational database module of ARC/INFO. This program allowed the site
manager and other Waste Division personnel to interactively select a well and list data about
that well, or draw its core diagram on the screen.
The time required to develop this prototype project in Region I is summarized as
follows:
The Upjohn data automation process took approximately 80 hours of digitizing,
20 hours of editing, 35 hours of coding, 14 hours of processing, and 20 hours
of documentation and data dictionary preparation for a total of 170 hours or
about 4.5 weeks.
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The Well Boring Analysis program took approximately 40 hours of data entry,
7 hours of coding, 75 hours of programming, and 10 hours of documentation,
totaling 132 hours or about 3.5 weeks.
The site manager can use the GIS for support in his discussions with Upjohn
concerning plume migration, the validity of sampling locations, and well and boring
information. The site manager also has the ability to make updates and corrections to files in
a relatively short period of time. Overall, the system has provided the site manager with an
efficient and effective data management tool for the site.5
3.2.2 Implementation Structure in Region I
In Region I GIS development, the Regional GIS Coordinator must procure resources
to accomplish each application from the program where the application originates.
Therefore, it is to the advantage of the GIS staff that program staff be educated in GIS
capabilities. As a result, GIS staff spend a substantial amount of time marketing/training GIS
capabilities to program staff.18
Individuals on the GIS technical staff who are familiar with program-specific issues
have been essential to the success of the GIS program in Region I. Most GIS staff members
have a program area in which they specialize: One staff member is familiar with water
programs, two staff members are familiar with waste programs, and one staff member is a
"floater" with experience in all program areas.18
The GIS infrastructure in Region I is composed of:
GIS Coordinator - Liaison with program staff;
GIS Computer Systems Administrator;
GIS Technical Project Leads; and
Program Office Project Leads.
The GIS planning and implementation process in Region I is flexible and will vary
depending on the size of the task and the availability of program funding.19 It consists of the
following steps:
1.
Project initiation;
2.
Coordination meeting;
3.
Resource procurement;
4.
Project plan development;
5.
Project implementation; and
6.
Data Archival.
The steps are
described below.
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1. Project Initiation
Program staff meet with a GIS technical staff member (who will be the
Technical Project Lead) to discuss feasibility and requirements. This will
ideally occur at the beginning of the fiscal year so that program dollars can be
allocated accordingly.
2. Coordination Meeting
The GIS technical staff member meets with the Region's GIS Coordinator to
discuss formal plans and resource requirements.
3. Resource Procurement
The GIS Coordinator negotiates
with the Program Office Project
Lead for funding.
4. Project Plan Development
The GIS technical staff member
drafts a Project Plan. This
Project Plan will be updated, as
necessary, in the course of the task.
elements19:
Project Name
Program
Program Office Project Lead
GIS Technical Lead
Project Goals
Geographic Area of Interest
Project Summary
Data Layers Needed
Data Sources
Project Plan, Tasks
Level of Effort: hours and dollars
Comments
5. Data Archival
When the project is completed, the Project Plan and other relevant information
are archived with the data layers and coverages. Data coverage descriptions
are added to a data inventory document for future reference.
GIS Technology Process Documentation GIS Process
" The program staff need
to be aware of the
capabilities of using GIS.
Communication between
the programs and the GIS
technical staff must
therefore be encouraged."
The Project Plan consists of the following
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4.0 COMPONENTS OF THE GIS OPERATION
SUMMARY
The GIS systems at Regions I and m are implemented with Data General
workstations using ARC/INFO software. The majority of tasks for a given application are
performed using ARC/INFO. There are, however, other software tools that aid GIS
technical personnel in data integration tasks. Fundamental to the applications are the actual
data items and layers that vary in type and scope from application to application. At the core
of the EPA GIS are the technical personnel. The Regions employ five to six staff members
who are responsible for the planning, development, and implementation of GIS applications.
EPA Regions I and m agree on a number of factors essential to the successful use
and operation of the EPA GIS. In this chapter, data needs and the associated personnel
infrastructure used in the Region I and HI GIS implementations, both critical to operations,
will be described. In addition, traditional technological issues related to hardware and
software will be described but will not be discussed in detail. For general information
system and data needs, the reader is urged to review other sources of information listed in
the Bibliography.
4.1 PERSONNEL
Experienced technical personnel constitute the most critical resource in conducting
the EPA GIS programs. The composition of the GIS teams is similar in both regions. The
GIS team in Region m is composed of six GIS specialists (three EPA employees and three
contractor employees). These specialists have interdisciplinary backgrounds that include
training in geology, geography, computer science, and environmental science. The Water
Management Division has a GIS Coordinator and a full-time GIS technical specialist. In
addition, a contractor performs all hardware support tasks for the Region.13 Region I has six
full time equivalents (FTEs) responsible for GIS work: four GIS specialists who are
contractors, one computer systems administrator, and a GIS technical coordinator. The
expertise of the GIS technical personnel is varied and includes training in environmental
science, geography, and geology. All have excellent analytical skills and computer
aptitudes.12 In addition, the systems administrator has a computer science background and
extensive experience.
In both Regions, the GIS technical coordinator usually works with a program office
representative who assesses requirements and provides specific data.13,18 It is vital that the
GIS personnel be very familiar with the data and the associated data sources, since the
majority of their time will be spent procuring and manipulating the data. These data
education efforts also constitute the bulk of the learning curve for a new GIS member.18
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4.2 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE
Owing to the nature of the source data used in GIS projects and the need for GIS
output products, substantial computing performance-including throughput and response time
operations-is required. In most of the completed EPA projects, the end products were
maps. These products, therefore, required the use of high-end output peripherals such as a
plotter or color printer. In both Regions, the platform of choice is the Data General
workstation. Because of the rapid advancements in hardware technology, efforts are
currently under way to install Sapid Instruction Set Computing (RISC) machines in at least
one region.18 Equipment currently and previously used at both Regions is listed below.
Please note that there are numerous other GIS software packages available, which can
operate on various hardware platforms.
GIS Computer/Peripheral Equipment for EPA Regions I and m
Equipment in EPA Region I, circa 199220
Data General Workstation
5000 Serial Server (one)
412 Workstations (16GB) (four)
color thermal printer (one)
laser printer (one)
CD ROM reader (one)
cartridge tape drives (two)
DOS drives (three)
Operating System
Sun Workstations
4/330 Sparcserver (one)
Sparcstation (one)
6250/1600 tape drive
Sun laser printer (1 GB)
ARC/INFO Software
multiseat licenses (two)
single seat licenses (five)
Tektronixs XI1 (three)
Tek Terminal Printer (two)
Equipment in EPA Region III, circa 1990
Prime 2755
Zeta 8 Plotter
DEC VT125
Tektronix 4692
Tektronix 4207
Tektronix 4958 Digitizer
Epson Equity III
Calcomp 1043 Plotter
Tektronix 410
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Computer memory is at a premium in most systems that utilize large datasets. As the
number of projects increases, the need for memory also increases. Because of the dynamic
nature of GIS project operations within EPA, datasets cannot be kept online indefinitely and
cannot be maintained over a long period of time. Planning for sufficient data storage,
therefore, is a requirement that should not be underestimated.18 For example, USGS's
Digital Line Graph files can be at least 0.5 megabytes per quad (USGS 1:24,000 scale)
depending on the area chosen. With 30 to 40 quads for a small-sized State, minimum
storage requirements would be 15 to 20 megabytes to implement a State base map using this
data. For point data, using the Standard File Format of USGS's Geographic Names
Information System (GNIS), flies can range in size from approximately 9 to 40 megabytes
per State (ASCII file format). Thus, maintaining many of these files will consume
memory/storage resources quite rapidly.
In addition to disk storage resources, these file sizes also require a sufficient amount
of core or random access memory to perform processing. Partly for this reason, the EPA
Regions have implemented the GIS software with workstations, rather than PCs, which
traditionally have sufficient processing capabilities for all GIS functions. In fact, Daratech
estimated that 64.4 percent of 1990 GIS software revenues worldwide were for workstation-
based implementations compared to 18.4 percent for PC-based software.37 EPA's particular
selection of hardware alternatives does not preclude using microcomputers as platforms to
implement a GIS. Traditional systems implemented on microcomputers have limited
georeferencing and attribute-handling capabilities, and are generally used for map entry,
editing, and production tasks.21 Some sacrifices in performance will most likely occur if
microcomputers are used, depending on the size and requirements of the application.
Rapidly decreasing costs coupled with rapidly advancing hardware and software technologies,
however, compel potential GIS users to examine microcomputers as a viable hardware
solution for small to medium level applications. To further evaluate the alternative of using
a PC or Workstation alternative, the reader should investigate PCs vs. Workstations -
Looking Beyond the Hype in the June 1992 issue of GIS World.37
In addition to the standard operating systems level software used to execute the
ARC/INFO GIS applications on EPA's Data General workstations, both Regions use a
variety of microcomputer software to aid in data integration tasks. These software packages
include, but are not limited to, dBASE HI, dBASE IV, and LOTUS 1-2-3.13,18 Most
application-level programming occurs in the ARC Macro Language, or AML, which is used
essentially to automate commands in ARC/INFO or to develop interfaces for end-users.
Aside from fulfilling minimum requirements, the INFO system generally falls short of more
sophisticated entry and reporting capabilities.18
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4.3 DATA
4.3.1 Data Considerations
Data gathering and editing chores make up most of the effort in any given GIS
application. In Region m, approximately 60% of the data used exist in a computer readable
format.13 A higher percentage of Region I's data sources were computer readable because
the State and local governments had been performing GIS-related tasks prior to EPA's GIS
implementation. Most States in Region I have also adopted quality assurance procedures for
their own data. This situation does present some data consistency problems for the regional
office in Boston.18 No formal quality assurance procedures currently exist in Region HI
because of the variability of the data sources and formats.13 As with any effort to standardize
data and data quality procedures, the more participants and data sources - and therefore the
more diverse the number of requirements, applications, and data collection resources ~ the
more challenging it becomes to establish a formal set of protocols.
The Office of Information Resources Management (OIRM) group at EPA
headquarters in Washington, DC, has established numerous policies22 in an attempt to
establish a set of initial data standards and quality assurance parameters that include:
Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number Data Standard, EPA Order
2180.1, June 26, 1987
Data Standards for Electronic Transmission of Laboratory Measurement
Results, EPA Order 2180.2, December 10, 1987
Facility Identification Data Standard, EPA Order 2180.3, April 9, 1990
IRM Policy Manual, Chapter 13, "Locational Data, Policy" May 17, 1990,
revised April 8, 1991
The Policy on Electronic Reporting, July 30, 1990
IRM Policy Manual, "State/EPA Data Management"
IRM Policy Manual, "Data Standards"
EPA's Ground Water Protection Division has established data standards also; these
include:
Minimum Set of Data Elements for Groundwater, EPA Order No. 7500.1,
September 11, 1989,22 subsequently revised in October 1992
"Definitions for the Minimum Set of Data Elements for Ground Water
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Quality," July 1992
EPA Region m promulgated regional locational data standards in 1988:
Site Location Identification Policy and Responsibilities, Region m Order
5361.5, September 14, 1988
In addition all EPA organizations are required to use Federal Information Processing
Standards (HPS). The spatial data transfer standard, which was not formalized when this
document was first drafted will be one of the more significant FIP standards for GIS
implementations in the federal government.
In March 1992, OIRM issued an important four-volume set, Locational Data Policy
Implementation Guidance,n The Agency Locational Data Policy (LDP) goal is to achieve
25-meter accuracy for all geographic data. As stated in the Guidance, "All Agency-
sponsored data collections and activities that define/describe attributes (environmental
characteristics) about a place are within the scope of the LDP." Data are to be expressed in
latitude/longitude. The policy endorses the use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
technology. Other locational methods include photogrammetry, map interpolation, photo
interpretation, address matching, and ZIP code centroid. Both Regions I and m have used
these techniques.
These policies, standards, and technologies, combined with the development and use
of detailed project- and program-specific data quality objectives, should assist both Regions
in their efforts to establish data standards and quality assurance protocols. With so many
organizations developing data for use in GIS applications, the task of detailing the data
needed by the Office of Ground Water Protection and related program offices within EPA is
challenging. To illustrate the diversity of the data required, Region Ill's pilot project in New
Castle County Delaware, can be used (Table 4-1).12
4.3.2 Data Sources
Incorporating base map information is normally the first step in developing a project.
These data are usually obtained from USGS Digital line Graphs (DLG) 7.5- and 15-minute
topographic quadrangle series. Thematic categories for these maps include (1) boundaries ~
State and county boundaries and federally administered lands; (2) transportation -- roads and
trails, railroads, and pipelines and transmission lines; (3) hydrography ~ streams and water
bodies; and (4) U.S. Public Land Survey System. Each of these categories can be obtained
from USGS separately or combined with any other category.24 [For information on the
actual format of DLG files, the reader is urged to review the following reference: USGS
Digital Cartographic Data Standards: Digital Line Graphs From l:2,000,000-Scale Maps.23]
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Table 4-1. Data Coverages for Region m Pilot Project
CATEGORY
DATA
Base Maps
Political boundaries, transportation, and streams
Water Use
Public water supply wells and intakes, ground water
use by county
Hydrogeologic
Conditions
DRASTIC Index (Agriculture), Geology, Soils
Land Use
Population, housing, land cover
EPA Regulated
Facilities
Underground storage tanks, underground injection
control, RCRA sites, CERCLA sites. National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System sites, public water
supply system sites
Special Protection
Areas
Wellhead protection areas, recharge areas, wetlands
County-specific data
Various data coverages for New Castle County, DE
In the case of the New Castle County pilot project, political boundaries,
transportation, and streams were used as base maps. Depending on the scale needed, other
data can be obtained from USGS or associated vendors such as Land Use and Land Cover
and Associated Maps at 1:250,000 and 1:100,000 scale, or USGS 7.5-Minute Digital
Elevation Data. The problem with these data, as was the case with the Region m pilot
project and the Region I case study (See Chapters 2 and 3), is that the scales are too small to
do substantive analysis. Therefore, much of the information for the New Castle County Pilot
project was digitized manually (by the USGS and the NCC Water Resource Authority). Data
also can be obtained from sources, such as engineering site maps, at varying scales (e.g.,
1:200- 1:48,000).
As the GIS implementation evolves at a given site, the resolution required by its end
users evolves along with it.26 It is, therefore, important that the information system group
obtain as detailed a level of data when doing data procurement as practically possible.26 For
example, in the Region I GIS office, 1:24,000 is the scale at which most projects are
performed. The States in Region I, being further advanced in their GIS implementations, are
now using 1:5,000 scale data for their projects.18 State and local governments are
increasingly using land use information at the parcel size level, which exists at an even
higher level of resolution.18 This scale requirement further complicates the data procurement
and storage process.
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In an attempt to centralize data sources for expeditious data procurement, EPA has
developed the Geographic Resources Information and Data Systems (GRIDS), which is
installed at the National Computing Center in Research Triangle Park, NC. GRIDS contains
various data modules, which are listed in Table 4-2 that can be used in conjunction with
GIS.27 Unfortunately, as stated before, most applications in the Regions require larger scale
data, which GRIDS does not support at this time.18
Table 4-2. Data Modules Available from GRIDS
Module Description
USGS Hydrography and Transportation 1:100,000,
DLG3
USGS Transportation 1:2,000,000, DLG3
USGS DMA Digital Elevation Model, DEM 30 second point topography
USGS Geographic Names Information System
USGS Hydrologic Basin Boundaries
US Bureau of Census/TIGER Line Precensus Files
US Bureau of Census Master Area Reference File (MARF)
USEPA Ecoregion Boundaries
EPA regulatory and support databases include28:
The Facilities Index System (FINDS), index of all facilities regulated/tracked
by EPA programs
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), summaries of health risk and
regulatory information on specific chemicals
The Storage and Retrieval of Water Quality Information (STORET), data on
ambient, intensive survey, effluent, and biological water quality monitoring
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Information System, Version 2 (CERCLIS), Superfund database, covers all
aspects of hazardous waste sites from initial discovery to listing on the
National Priority List
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS),
RCRA database on facilities which generate, transport, and treat, store, or
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dispose of hazardous waste
The EPA Section 305(b) Wateibody System (WBS), biennial State water
quality assessment information as required by the Clean Water Act
The Permit Compliance System (PCS), National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System permit holding facilities
The Federal Reporting Data System (FRDS), Public Water Supplies database
on monitoring compliance, maximum contaminant level regulations and other
Safe Drinking Water Act requirements
The Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act database on toxic chemical emissions from regulated
facilities
Additional databases and data sources produced by Federal, State, and local
governments, consulting firms, and other organizations contain data useful for GIS
applications. With this in mind, both Regions have continually emphasized the need for
extensive data scouting to investigate these sources. The resources required to gather,
input, and quality assure new data may be much more cost prohibitive when compared with
efforts involved in obtaining data through thorough data scouting.18*29 It should be noted that
scouting can be enhanced by using index systems maintained at every Federal agency. At
EPA, this index is known as the Information Systems Inventory (ISI), and contains summary
information on approximately 700 of the Agency's data systems. It is maintained by the
OERM at EPA.
To further illustrate the potential range of data types and sources refer to Table 4-3,
which lists data required for Region Hi's Lancaster County Agricultural Management and
Wellhead Protection Project.30 (For further information on GIS data and projects for an
entire State, see the appendix.31)
GIS can also employ data from various other sources. The photogrammetry data for
Region I's case study on the Upjohn Chemical site is a good example. With increased needs
to record information at larger scales, the use of aerial photogrammetry data has become
popular. Costs and convenience are possible shortcomings and should be considered when
using this method. If the end users require data at greater resolution for a large geographic
area, satellite data are available. Examples include the following:
Earth Observation Satellite Co. (EOSAT) in Lanham, Maryland, offers
Landsat 6 (remotely sensed) data at an annual fee of $500,000, which includes
Landsat Thematic Mapper products.32
The French Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) produces
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satellite stereoscopic imagery of the Earth's natural resources. These
panchromatic images have a ground resolution of 10 meters.33
Ultimately, with the completion of the Navigation Satellite Timing and Hanging
(NAVSTAR) constellation in 1993, Global Positioning Systems will become an effective
means to gather and verify locational data. As mentioned previously, EPA recommended
that this method be employed in various capacities to expedite data gathering and verification
operations within the Agency to conform to the 25-meter accuracy goal. A GPS primer that
describes the GPS technology and includes potential shortcomings such as muUipath and
selective availability (S/A) is packaged with the implementation guidance for the Locational
Data Policy (March 1992).34
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Table 4-3. Data Needed for Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Agricultural Management and Wellhead Protection Projecta
Data
Source
Geomorphological data including geology,
hydrogeologic units, hydraulic conductivity, location
of sinkholes, springs, caves
USGS collect and automate using literature data PA
DER, PGS, EMSL/EPA data
Fracture locations, losing stream sections
EMSL/EPA, USGS, PGS, DER
Geologic and structural mapping information
including formational/units type and geographical
extent, faults and lineament locations
EMSL/EPA, USGS, PA Geological Survey
Soils
USDA compile and digitize
Well location and construction data for existing
wells
USGS (GWSI & State drillers database) and
PDA/LCCD local survey
Water quality monitoring for pesticides and nitrates
USGS collect and automate
Populations relying on public and private wells and
springs
PDA/LCCD survey; EPA automate
Water table elevation mapping
USGS will collect data and digitize
Dye trace analysis
EMSL/EPA, USGS
Location of public supply wells
USGS, DER & PSC collect and digitize
Property and farm field boundary data from farms
to be surveyed
EPA/Temple & Berkeley Universities collect and
digitize
Pesticide usage data by property and watershed
Collected by PDA/LCCD; EPA-IRMB will enter into
GIS
Current and past crop management practices
PDA/LCCD survey
Land use including crop types
EPIC/EPA
Animal density
USDA-SCS, CES, LCCD/PDA, local officials
Landfills
DER, local officials, EPA
Sewage treatment plants
DER, local officials, EPA
Industry type
DER, local officials, EPA
USTs, other major sources of contamination
DER, local officials, EPA
Areas with manure excesses in relation to land base
USDA-SCS, CES, private vendors
Refer to key on next page for abbreviations
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Agency Key for Table 4-3
USGS - United States Geological Survey
PA DER - Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources
EMSLVEPA - Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory/EPA
EPIC/EPA - Environmental Photographic Interpretation
Center/EPA
USDA - United States Department of Agriculture
CES - Cooperative Extension Service
LCCD - Lancaster County Conservation District
PSC - Consultant
PGS - Pennsylvania Geological Survey
PDA - Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
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5.0 GIS USES AND USERS
SUMMARY
GIS is used to identify sources, receptors, and pathways of ground water and
drinking water contamination for regional, State, county and site-specific settings. After
contamination sources are identified, GIS may be used to target specific program efforts and
focus resources on high-priority areas. Site-specific applications are used to manage
pollution source information, site characteristics, and monitoring data to assist in site
investigation and remediation activities. GIS also provides information on receptors of
ground water contamination, including the population and the ground water resource. This
information facilitates pollution prevention initiatives, such as wellhead protection and sole
source aquifer protection. In addition, GIS products can be used for public outreach and
communication purposes. The majority of the users consist of environmental managers at the
regional, State, and local levels.
GIS in EPA Regions I and m is used for the identification, analysis, and
management of environmental problems. These applications are directed toward fulfilling
various ground water-related program requirements (Figures 5-1 and 5-2) and meeting EPA's
mandate. GIS projects are applied on varying geographic scales according to the needs of
the particular use. Regional assessments that encompass several States are employed in
focusing pollution control efforts. Other projects identify more localized problems on a
statewide basis or as countywide assessments. At the largest scale are projects with
site-specific scope, that are aimed at performing a risk assessment or assisting in data
management of hazardous waste sites.14 Correspondingly, the users of these applications
include regional ground water programs, State ground water/drinking water programs,
regional and State hazardous waste programs, and county planning agencies.
An unanticipated use of the EPA GIS has been as a mechanism for building
cooperative, interagency (including Federal, State, and local governments) approaches to
ground water protection.14 Due to the characteristics of the data sources for EPA GIS
projects, their distributed nature makes cooperative arrangements not only helpful but also
necessary to successful GIS projects. In fact, in the second phase of Region m's initial pilot
project, cooperative arrangements with both State and local authorities were established as a
project objective, with the goal of transferring the GIS technology to the States to make them
autonomous.14 This situation also is true with Region I, which found that cooperative
arrangements are necessary for efficient GIS operations.26
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One of the many uses of
GIS is to identify potential hazards
to drinking water. This activity
involves first identifying ground
water contamination sources relative
to receptors, and then assessing the
vulnerability of potential drinking
water supplies to contamination.12 A
more sophisticated use involves
geographic targeting. About 30% of
Region I's applications are used in
prioritization and geographic
targeting efforts.18 With this type of
application, existing or potential
drinking water supply areas at
greatest risk to ground water
contamination can be identified.
Also, geographic targeting is useful
for identifying sites for enforcement
action, targeting compliance
monitoring resources, or prioritizing other activities, including permits, grants, and wellhead
protection programs.7
The fact that GIS can be used effectively as a data visualization tool makes it quite
useful for public outreach applications. Specifically it can be used for the following:
Communicating risk;
Improving the accuracy and clarity of distributed information;
Improving public awareness and understanding of environmental problems; and
Promoting dialogue between regulators and the regulated community.
Many GIS projects overlap in functionality with other projects and are therefore
difficult to classify by use. Another approach is to classify GIS projects by the basic
questions they answer. Some of the more common questions include the following:
1. Given available data, where are the current source(s) of pollution?
2. Who is at the greatest risk? What area contains the greatest threat to public
health or the environment?
3. Are pollution control efforts effective?
GIS Technology Process Documentation GIS Uses and Users
UST
Superfunt
/ RCRA
GIS \
1 WC ^
WHP \
tatkUe
\ SSA ^
Stats
^fnnymail I
t ra r11
\ Some
/ State
' OWP
Stategha
305(b)
PWSS /
Figure 5-1 - Major Ground Water Related Programs
5-2
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4. How does the presence of natural resource areas affect regional ecological
values?
The following section lists the applications in Regions I and m according to the
questions mentioned above. Each project is referenced in Table 5-1, which follows the text.
This table also provides the name of a contact person.
EPA PROGRAMS RELATED TO GROUNDWATER
ADDRESSED BY GIS APPLICATIONS
State Ground Water Protection Strategies
Public Water Supply Supervision (PWSS) Program, Safe Drinking Water
Act
Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) Program, section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water
Act
Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program, sections 1421 and 1422 of the Safe
Drinking Water Act of 1974
Wellhead Protection Program (WHP), Safe Drinking Water Act 1986
Amendments, section 1428
Pesticides State Management Plan, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FTFRA)
Nonpoint Source Pollution Programs, section 319 of the Clean Water Act
Water Quality Inventory Reports, section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Subtitle C
Comprehensive Environmental Response and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Figure 5-2 - Ground Water Programs
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5.1 APPLICATIONS
5.1.1 Where Are the Current Source(s) of Pollution?
Application: Identify the areas where drinking water supplies are (and
potentially will be) most vulnerable to contamination.
Objective: Identify the location of potential sources of ground water
contamination relative to receptors. Employ ground water flow models to
delineate Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPAs) for selected wellfields. Employ
DRASTIC (or the LeGrand System) to assess the relative vulnerability of
designated WHPAs, to ground water contamination. Within the boundaries of
designated WHPAs, correlate information on contamination sources with
information on receptors. Overlay the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to
indicate the general direction of ground water flow.
Project Reference: Bucks County Assessment.
Users: Regional and State ground water programs, county and State planning
agencies.
Application: Conduct a Region-wide assessment of ground water risks and
pollution trends.
Objective: Characterize environmental stress, in the Region, by evaluating such
factors as pollution incidence, pesticide usage, the relationship of contamination
sources to drinking water supplies, and risk to affected populations. Prioritize
the Region's drinking water supplies in terms of vulnerability and risk to
affected users.
Project Reference: Regional Ground Water Risk Assessment, Phase I.
Users: Regional and State ground water programs.
Application: Target geographic areas, within a State, where ground water
contamination occurs presently, or where it might occur.
Objective: Assess the causal factors, nature, and spatial extent of the
contamination (existing and potential) of drinking water supplies. Develop a
mechanism for targeting enforcement actions by identifying the following:
1. Geographic areas where high levels of contamination are potentially
impacting public water supplies; and
2. Potential violators.
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Project Reference: Regional Ground Water Risk Assessment, Phase n.
Users: Regional ground water programs, Regional hazardous waste programs.
Application: Provide technical assistance to State/local efforts to develop
Wellhead Protection Programs.
Objective: Identify locations of potential sources of ground water
cpntamination. Identify locations of current and potential sources of ground
water used for drinking water. Delineate Wellhead Protection Area
boundaries.
Project Reference: Evaluation of Potential Hazards to Drinking Water in New
Castle County, Delaware; Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Wellhead
Protection Project; Carroll County, Maryland, Wellhead Protection Project.
Users: Regional ground water programs, State drinking water/ground water
programs, county planning agencies.
Application: Investigate a RCRA Site.
Objective: Examine in more detail specific questions regarding the corrective
action, and communicate these findings to the public and the facility. Manage
large volumes of information in an accessible format, and develop interactive
links with other data sources. Evaluate the status and effectiveness of cleanup
efforts.
The development of an appropriate RCRA facility investigation under
corrective action for UPJOHN Chemical Co. will be performed. The system
highlights areas of possible contamination, buried drums, unlined impoundment
areas, and other areas for further investigation. Present conditions are
analyzed based on past site activities and are used to evaluate the proposed
investigation, including locations of boring test pits, sampling areas, and
drilling depths.
Project Reference: Site Management of the Upjohn Chemical Company Fine
Chemicals Division, North Haven, Connecticut.
Users: Regional and State hazardous waste programs.
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Application: Data management of a Superfund site.
Objective: Utilize GIS technology to develop a digital database of the
hydrological components present in the Abeijona River Basin. The database
will eventually be used to support soil and water data collection efforts to be
completed at a future data.
Project Reference: Abeijona River Superfund Site.
Users: Regional and State hazardous waste programs.
Application: Data management of a chemical hazardous waste site.
Objective: Utilize GIS technology to develop a digital database containing
information on solid waste management units, monitoring wells, and hazardous
substance release points at the Pfizer chemical plant and research facility.
Project Reference: Pfizer Chemical.
Users: Regional and State hazardous waste programs.
Application: Identify where hazardous substance releases have occurred.
Objective: This project explored the use of GIS for identifying those sites,
where possible releases of hazardous substances have occurred, for potential
inclusion into the National Priority List (NPL).
Project Reference: Superfund Site Discovery Project.
Users: Regional hazardous waste managers.
5.1.2 Based on Pollution Sources and Land Characteristics, What Areas Are
Potentially Affected or Susceptible to Pollution? Who is at the Greatest Risk?
Water Area Contains the Greatest Threat to Public Health of the Environment?
Application: Inter-Agency Cooperative Projects.
Objective: Develop Federal/State/local cooperative relationships to identify
ground water resources vulnerable to contamination; target "hot spots";
delineate WHPAs, critical aquifers, and recharge areas; and track ground water
quality trends.
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Project Reference: Evaluation of Potential Hazards to Drinking Water in New
Castle County, Anne Arundel County, and Carroll County Wellhead Protection
Projects; Pesticides in Ground Water Projects for Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania, and Jefferson County, West Virginia (See also: "Option For
Focusing Mutual Ground Water Protection Interests and GIS Initiatives in West
Virginia").
Users: Regional ground water programs, State drinking water/ground water
programs, county planning agencies.
Application: Assess the impact of pesticide usage and agricultural practices on
the quality of ground water. Provide technical assistance to State/local efforts
to develop Management Plans.
Objective: Identify areas where ground water is vulnerable to contamination
from pesticides. Identify drinking water wells that are potentially at risk from
pesticide contamination.
Project Reference: Pesticides in Ground Water: GIS Demonstration Projects
for Lancaster County and for Jefferson County.
Users: Regional ground water programs, State drinking water/ground water
programs, State Departments of Agriculture, county planning agencies.
Application: Target and prioritize underground storage tank sites for
inspection, enforcement, and cleanup efforts.
Objective: Identify all high-risk underground storage tank facilities located
within a 1/4-mile radius of Wellhead Protection Areas.
Project Reference: Evaluation of Potential Hazards to Drinking Water in New
Castle County, Delaware.
Users: Regional ground water programs, State drinking water/ground water
programs, county planning agencies (e.g., water authorities).
Application: Predictive Modeling.
Objective: Construct a dynamic model capable of predicting spatial and
temporal trends in land use patterns and associated ground water impacts.
Project Reference: Bucks County Assessment.
Users: Regional and State ground water programs, county and State planning
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agencies.
Application: Identify and delineate wellhead protection areas.
Objective: Use the GIS and PC-based ground water modeling programs to
delineate a wellhead protection area in the Annaquatucket Aquifer Wellfield in
North Kingstown, Rhode Island.
Project Reference: GIS Delineation of Wellhead Protection Area and Ground
Water Data Management in North Kingstown, Rhode Island.
Users: State and local planning organizations.
Application: Environmental Impact Statement Analysis of highway alignment.
Objective: Develop an automated spatial database for a four-quadrangle area in
Connecticut in support of an EIS review of a proposed highway project. The
application will be used to analyze proposed and alternative highway upgrade
alternatives and alignments to minimize wetland impacts.
Project Reference: Route 6 (Connecticut) EIS Analysis.
Users: State and county planning agencies.
Application: Evaluate potential ground water contamination problems.
Objective: Identify ground water/drinking water supplies relative to potential
sources of ground water contamination. Identify the drinking water supplies
most vulnerable to contamination. Assess major ground water-related
environmental problems. Employ a risk-based approach to prioritize the
drinking water/ground water supplies according the vulnerability to
contamination and risk to affected users.
Project Reference: Evaluation of Potential Hazards to Drinking Water in New
Castle County, Delaware.
Users: Regional ground water programs, State drinking water/ground water
programs, county planning agencies (e.g., water authorities).
Application: Locate high-risk UST facilities.
Objective: Employ the NETWORK module of ARC/INFO, together with the
road network from the (1980) CENSUS DIME file to automate the address
matching process for locating high risk underground storage tank facilities.
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Project Reference: Evaluation of Potential Hazards to Drinking Water in New
Castle County, Delaware.
Users: Regional and State ground water programs; Regional and State
hazardous waste programs.
Application: Identify priority areas at risk from exposure to hazardous
chemicals.
Objective: This project will create a methodology for identifying priority areas
at risk from exposure to hazardous chemicals. The result of the model will be
a ranked list of towns and a color-coded map for each State in New England.
The inputs to the model are population, transportation, certain industries (based
on Standard Industrial Classification code), and previous spills. For each
town, the model will assign a score for each of the five inputs; each input will
be broken down into classes having different scores. The sum of the scores for
each of the five inputs will determine the total score for each town. It may be
decided to add weights to individual ranges or inputs to make the model more
sensitive to specific concerns. The results will be used to prioritize allocation
of resources and to educate the Local Area Planning Commissions in each
State.
Project Reference: Title EI Emergency Response Project.
Users: Regional hazardous waste programs, Local Area Planning
Commissions.
Application: Automation of the Superfund Hazard Ranking System (HRS)
Scoring Process for the Ground Water Migration Pathway.
Objective: This project assessed the risk of CERCLA sites to ground water
supplies and expedited the HRS scoring process. The location of CERCLA
sites relative to Public Water Supply (PWS) wells, Wellhead Protection Areas
(WHPAs), aquifers, recharge areas, private wells, and populations at risk was
determined.
Project Reference: Superfund Hazard Ranking Project.
Users: Regional and State hazardous waste programs, Regional State Ground
Water programs.
5.1.3 Are Pollution Control Efforts Effective?
Application: Investigate sources of storm-induced water pollution.
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Objective: Use GIS to select four towns in the Merrimack River Basin for
further study/review of stormwater management practices. Selection of the
towns was based on the percentage of six landuse categories likely to contribute
storm-induced pollution in each of three resource areas. The three resource
areas included Wellhead Protection Areas, drainage to Surface Water Intakes,
and drainage to the Merrimack River itself.
Project Reference: Assessing Impacts From Stormwater Runoff.
Users: Regional/State water programs.
Application: Trend Analysis.
Objective: Measure progress in ground water protection. Evaluate the
effectiveness of ground water protection programs. Assess ground water
quality trends.
Project Reference: Regional Ground Water Risk Assessment, Phases I and II
and proposed applications.
Users: Regional and State ground water programs.
5.1.4 How Does the Presence of Natural Resource Areas Affect Regional Ecological
Values?
Application: Assess contribution of wetland areas to wildlife habitat and water
quality.
Objective: Conduct an automated assessment of the wetlands in a portion of
the Merrimack River Basin in New Hampshire. Criteria to be examined
include predictors of the wetlands' function in terms of wildlife habitat and
water quality maintenance. Wetlands are examined in terms of evaluation units
- large, generally contiguous tracts of wetland habitat. Criteria to be
examined on a per unit basis, include total area, number of different wetland
classes, dominant wetland class, hydrologic connectivity with other units,
surrounding landcover, potential function as a wildlife corridor, location within
a public water supply Wellhead Protection Area, and proximity to sand and
gravel aquifers.
Project Reference: New Hampshire Advanced Identification Project.
Users: Local planning and natural resource organizations.
Application: Assess contribution of wetland areas to wildlife habitat and water
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quality.
Objective: Conduct an automated assessment of the wetlands in a portion of
the Lake Champlain Basin in Vermont. Criteria to be examined include
predictors of the wetlands' function in terms of wildlife habitat and water
quality maintenance. Wetlands will be examined in terms of evaluation units
large, generally contiguous tracts of wetland habitat. Criteria to be examined
on a per unit basis, include total area, number of different wetland classes,
dominant wetland class, hydrologic connectivity with other units, surrounding
landcover, potential function as a wildlife corridor, location within a public
water supply Wellhead Protection Area, and proximity to sand and gravel
aquifers.
Project Reference: Vermont Advanced Planning Project.
Users: State planning and natural resource organizations.
5.2 FUTURE EMPHASIS
In Region ID, the Hazardous Waste Management Division (HWMD) believes that
currently, the most efficient and effective use of GIS technology is as a decision-making tool
to assist program managers in determining regional compliance monitoring and enforcement
efforts.11 To this end, the HWMD provided funding to the WMD to implement projects to
demonstrate GIS applications that would assist with planning and management decisions in
the Superfund program. The following projects were designed and implemented (refer to
above projects details):
The Superfund Hazard Ranking Project
The Superfund Site Discovery Project
The following additional tasks have been identified as future GIS projects:
5.2.1 Cross-Programmatic Applications
Application: Problem Identification/Resource Prioritization.
Objectives: Assess the risks of CERCLA sites to ground water supplies and
expedite Hazard Ranking Systems (HRS) scoring, by locating CERCLA sites
relative to PWS wells, private wells, WHPAs, recharge areas, population, and
land use.
Establish priorities for the scheduling of future Preliminary Assessments
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(PA)/Site Assessments (SAs) or Expanded Site Investigations (ESI), on EPA
lead sites, based upon environmental/ecological factors.
Identify the locations of Superfund sites that do not make the National Priority
List (NPL), to assess their potential risks in vulnerable areas.
Users: Regional and State hazardous waste program managers.
Application: Public Water Supply Systems (PWSS)/Emergency Response.
Objective: Facilitate the Emergency Response process, and construct a
regional database in GIS for use in developing local contingency plans. This
database would help EPA to coordinate the Federal response to spills by
identifying "Trustee Areas'', i.e., drinking water sources which would be
impacted by a particular release into surface waters. The purpose of the
project would be to assist managers and on-scene coordinators in emergency
response by identifying drinking water sources potentially impacted by a
release to surface water. Additional objectives include identifying, for each
State in the Region, the locations of surface water intakes relative to Superfund
sites, NPDES major dischargers, and oil storage facilities and transfer points.
Users: Regional ground water/drinking water programs (PWSS); Regional
hazardous waste programs (Superfund Emergency Response); State drinking
water and hazardous waste programs; county planning agencies.
Application: Site Assessments.
Objectives: Use GIS to identify, analyze, and store information required by
Superfund for conducting the Preliminary Assessment/Site Investigation tasks.
Specifically, create maps delineating 3-mile buffers around regulated sites,
identifying within those areas factors relevant to the evaluation process (e.g.,
surface water intake and public water supply well locations, population
density). In addition to facilitating the PA/SI process, this initiative would also
reduce duplicated efforts attendant to data collection and analyses in areas
where there are overlapping Superfund sites, or where sites are located in
clusters.
Users: Regional ground water/drinking water programs; Regional hazardous
waste programs.
Application: Data Management.
Objectives: Undertake efforts to fully aggregate and integrate, within GIS,
data that are critical to cross-programmatic (WMD/HWMD) assessment.
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Sharing a centralized data system would improve the quality of analyses by (1)
making key data, otherwise stored in paper Hies or separate systems, readily
available; and (2) reducing time and effort involved in data collection.
Users: Regional ground water/drinking water and hazardous waste programs.
5.2.2 RCRA/Water Management Division Applications
Application: Employ GIS to prioritize candidates for RCRA corrective action.
Objectives: Identify most environmentally significant cases according to
environmental health risk criteria. Facilitate the dedication of limited program
resources toward ensuring that the treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
presenting the greatest environmental risk are addressed through permit or
enforcement action.
Users: Regional ground water and hazardous waste programs.
Application: Ground water risk assessment from RCRA sites.
Objectives: Assess the risk of RCRA sites to ground water supplies by
locating RCRA sites relative to public water supply wells, private wells,
Wellhead Protection Areas, aquifers, recharge areas, and population at risk.
Users: Regional ground water and hazardous waste programs; State ground
water and hazardous waste programs.
Application: Develop a regional database in GIS for use in evaluating
applications for RCRA Part B permits.
Objectives: This application will assist managers and RCRA staff by
identifying areas of sensitive ground water resources, thereby providing an
additional tool to help delineate areas where hazardous waste activities
should/should not take place.
Users: Regional ground water and hazardous waste (RCRA) programs.
GIS Technology Process Documentation
5-13
GIS Uses and Users
-------
Table 5-1. G1S Applications in Regions I and m - Reference Table
PROJECT REFERENCE
REGION
CONTACT NAME/PHONE
1. Bucks County Assessment
III
Sumner Crosby/215-597-3424
2. Regional Ground Water Risk
Assessment, Phase I
III
Ava Nelson Zandi/215-597-4283
3. Regional Ground Water Risk
Assessment, Phase II
III
Pete Weber/215-597-4283
4. Evaluation of Potential Hazards to
Drinking Water (In DE and MO)
III
Virginia Thompson/215-597-2786
5. Site Management of the Upjohn
Chemical Company, North Haven,
Connecticut
I
Amy Hoyt/617-565-4528
6. Aberjona River Superfund Site
1
Jim Fritz/616-565-1435
7. Pfizer Chemical
1
Jim Fritz/616-565-1435
8. Superfund Site Discovery Project
III
Sumner Crosby/215-597-3424
9. Pesticides in Ground Water: GIS
Demonstration Projects for Lancaster
Co., PA and Jefferson Co., WV
III
Cindy Kranz Greene/215-597-8399
10. GIS Delineation of Wellhead Protection
Area and Ground Water Data
Management in North Kingstown, Rl
1
Marcy Berbrick/617-565-2098
11. Route 6 (Connecticut) Environmental
Impact Statement Analysis
1
Greg Charest/617-565-4528
12. Title III Emergency Response Project
1
Deborah Cohen/617-565-3659
13. Superfund Hazard Ranking Project
III
Sumner Crosby/215-597-3424
14. Assessing Impacts From Stormwater
Runoff
1
Marcy Berbrick/617-565-2098
15. New Hampshire Advanced Identification
Project
1
Marcy Berbrick/617-565-2098
16. Vermont Advanced Planning Project
1
Marcy Berbrick/617-565-2098
17. Multi-Media Targeting of
Threatened Environmental Areas
III
Pete Weber/215-597-4283
GIS Technology Process Documentation
5-14
CIS Uses and Users
-------
6.0 GIS BENEFITS & COSTS
SUMMARY
EPA's GIS was implemented as a productivity tool that has enabled both Regions to
expand their data, analytical, and regulatory management capabilities. Most benefits realized
fall into two main categories: (1) quantifiable efficiencies in current practices, or benefits that
reflect improvements to existing practices; and (2) quantifiable expanded capabilities, or
benefits that offer added capabilities.21 To date, there are no comprehensive cost and benefit
items for this GIS application. Qualitative benefits are described in this chapter. In
addition, some cost items and a portion of a general cost/benefit analysis are provided for
illustrative purposes.
Effective GIS implementation, like most successful information system
implementations, starts with a defined set of requirements from which designs and
specifications, and ultimately, system functionality are derived. Quantitative benefits,
resulting from decreased labor hours associated with system-related tasks and improved
efficiency resulting from higher quality information, can be calculated from this type of
system.21 The EPA GIS was implemented as a general productivity tool to assist in the
management and operation of various environmental programs including ground water.
Therefore, the tasks accomplished with the EPA GIS are dynamic (i.e., they were not wholly
defined prior to its implementation). In fact, ongoing improvements in hardware and
software technologies are enhancing system functionality and making the EPA GIS a more
powerful decision support tool.
6.1 BENEFITS
In their book entitled Geographic Information Systems: A Guide to the Technology,
John Antenucci, et al. present five potential benefit types resulting from GIS
implementation21:
Type 1 - Quantifiable efficiencies in current practices, or benefits that reflect
improvements to existing practices.
Type 2 - Quantifiable expanded capabilities, or benefits that offer added
capabilities.
Type 3 - Quantifiable unpredictable events, or benefits that result from
unpredictable events.
GIS Technology Process Documentation
6-1
GIS Benefits & Costs
-------
Type 4 - Intangible benefits, or benefits that produce intangible advantages.
Type 5 - Quantifiable sale of information, or benefits that result from the sale
of information services.
GIS was implemented in Regions I and m as a resource tool with the specific goal
of enhancing current operations. The majority of the quantifiable benefits to the EPA GIS
program can therefore be classified as Type 1 and Type 2. Specifically, the GIS has resulted
in improved efficiencies in data collection, data management, and data use by:
Reducing redundancies involved with repeatedly collecting the same data (e.g.,
Public Water Supply well locations) for various analyses by creating a
centralized on-line data management system;
Improving the accuracy of data by facilitating both identification of errors or
error gaps in existing databases and the correction of databases, where needed;
and by being able to incorporate such technologies as GPS and photogrammetry
into locational data acquisition;
Increasing data availahilitv by accelerating the distribution and access of
relevant information to affected parties;
Augmenting data completeness by being able to consolidate data from
heterogeneous sources into a database, and;
Establishing a more efficient data management system by streamlining
corrections, updates, and modifications to environmental information used for
decision making.4'29
In addition to enhanced activities, GIS bestows the following7:
Increases analytical capabilities, in terms of both spatial and temporal
parameters, and with regard to analytical complexity;
/
Permits effective geographic targeting of limited program resources to focus on
most salient problems;
Enables documentation of trends to assess overall environmental condition, and
otherwise to monitor environmental quality in quantitative terms; and
Provides a mechanism for undertaking preventive planning measures by using
the GIS as a forecasting tool to anticipate environmental problems.
In addition to the benefits associated with data management, there is the expected
GIS Technology Process Documentation GIS Benefits & Cost6
6-2
-------
cost savings associated with using an automated system instead of manual means for map
production. The joint Ground Water/Underground Storage Tank program pilot project
performed in Region m demonstrated that without the benefit of an automated system,
manual mapping processes were prohibitively expensive.7
The regional GIS organizations also have profited by Type 4 (intangible) benefits,
that cannot be expressed in terms of cost. Type 4 benefits include:
Enhancing regulatory decision-making abilities by improving the quality of
analyses conducted;
Creating a technical assistance or technology transfer mechanism to aid States
and local governments in programs where Federal resources are limited (such
as Wellhead Protection and Pesticides);
Promoting inter-agency, inter-program coordination (both internally and
externally, among State, local, and Federal agencies, and with universities) on
ground water matters;
Most evident in the list of this type of benefit is the development of cooperative
(inter-govemmental) relationships through information sharing (via GIS projects), which
result in the improved quality of environmental databases. In both Regions these information
exchanges among EPA, State, and local entities have greatly improved EPA's knowledge of
the Region's environmental concerns.
6.2 COSTS
6.2.1 Personnel
The most critical costs that the EPA GIS programs incur are related to staffing with
experienced technical personnel. Region I has six employees (Full-Time Equivalents, FTEs)
responsible for GIS work: four GIS specialists who are contractors; one computer systems
administrator; and a GIS technical coordinator. Region has six FTEs (see Chapter 4, GIS
Components). Furthermore, the programs require managers and staff to be familiar with GIS
and its capabilities. In addition, the Region m Water Management Division has hired an
employee proficient in GIS programming and technical project development.
GIS Technology Process Documentation GIS Benefits & Costs
6-3
-------
6.2.2 Hardware and Software
The inventory of computer hardware (including cost) and software is presented here
for Region I. This should be considered a "snapshot" of EPA's capabilities, recognizing that
advances in computer technology are ongoing and the tools for both Regions are being
upgraded. Additional fixed and variable cost-category items to be considered in GIS
implementations are also included.
FIXED COSTS: GIS HARDWARE
Equipment for EPA Region I20
Data General Workstation (Total Cost $100,000):
1 5000 Serier Server
4 412 Workstations (16 GB)
1 color thermal printer
1 laser printer
1 CD ROM reader
2 cartridge tape drives
3 DOS drives
Operating System
Sun Workstations (Total Cost: $40,000):
1 4/330 Sparcserver
1 Sparcstation
6250/1600 tape drive
Sun laser printer (1 GB)
ARC/INFO Software (Total Cost: $30,000)
2 multiseat licenses
5 single seat licenses
Tektronix XI1 - 3 (Replacement Cost $20,000)
Tek Terminal Printer - 2 (Total Cost: $10,000)
GIS Technology Process Documentation
6-4
GIS Benefits & Costs
-------
FIXED COSTS: GIS SOFTWARE
Operating System Software
(i.e., software provided with computer, and other basic "host-specific"
software [e.g., FORTRAN], as well as "special performance routines")
- initial costs
- annual maintenance fee
Core Geographic Information Management Software
- initial costs
- annual maintenance costs
Application Software
(software capable of performing specialized processes; e.g., ARC/INFO's
NETWORK module)
- initial costs
- annual maintenance costs
Device Software
(software programs used for communicating between systems and for operating
peripheral equipment)
- licensing fees
- annual maintenance fees
GIS Technology Process Documentation
6-5
GIS Benefits & Costs
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GIS: VARIABLE COSTS
Database Development (locational information)
- Database Construction
Reconstruction or Data Conversion
* Digitizing (manually encoding analog maps into
computer readable format)
* Scanning (automated process of converting analog
information into digital representation)
-- Photogrammetric Mapping
- Acquisition of Digital Data Files
- Direct Purchase
-- Data Exchanges via cooperative arrangements
Database Development (qualitative information)
Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures
Operating Cost Components
- Personnel
- Overhead
- Maintenance Fees
- Supplies
- Data Base Maintenance
- Software Development
GIS Technology Process Documentation
6-6
GIS Benefits & Costs
-------
6.2.3 Data
The EPA GIS operations have variable project-specific costs because of the dynamic
nature of the GIS applications that have been implemented at both Regions. Consideration
should be given to the development of reusable data layers, which is an ongoing process at
all geographic scales. These data development efforts initially may expend a substantial
amount of resources in data gathering, capture, integration, edit, and quality assurance tasks,
but will ultimately make up for initial cost outlays with repeated use, even while considering
maintenance costs (see Chapter 4, GIS Components). Also, data scouting efforts, with the
objective of obtaining data that have already been developed, are crucial to control labor
costs associated with data-specific tasks.26
When GIS was installed in the Regions, $250,000 was initially budgeted to support
each Region for its operation; a national budget of $1 million was allocated to purchase data
digitized by other Federal agencies.35 The EPA Headquarters GIS Program continues to
work toward developing Memoranda of Understanding with other Federal agencies to
promote data sharing.
6.3 COST/BENEFIT
The Type 1 labor-saving benefits (quantifiable efficiencies) associated with EPA's
GIS implementations are savings related to the automation or computerization of tasks.
These savings have resulted from the facilitation and improvement of the data collection,
management, and use benefits. Specific illustration of cost savings for the Region I and HI
ground water projects would require a before/after analysis. Such an exercise is not being
performed in this report.
The enhanced functionality that the GIS gives to EPA's technical employees and
management (Type 2 benefits) constitutes the bulk of benefits. Quantifying these advantages
also would require more specific information than is available. From a qualitative standpoint
however, technical personnel believe that GIS enables them to perform better quality
analyses, and gives them greater capability to perform the various tasks presented by
EPA.13,!8,24,27 Region HI did complete a general cost/benefit analysis when initially assessing
GIS applications. A portion of this analysis is included for review in Tables 6-1 and 6-2.
GIS Technology Process Documentation
6-7
GIS Benefits & Costs
-------
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TABLE 6-1 - Cost/Benefit Analysis of Specific GIS Applications in Region III7
UST-1
UST-2
UST-3
UST-4
UIC-1
UIC-2
UIC-3
PW-1
PW-2
Multiplier
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
BENEFITS
Fiscal Savings:
Ql. FTE Savings
3
3
9
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
9
3
9
i
3
2
6
2
6
Q2. Direct Cost Savings
3
3
9
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
9
3
9
2
6
2
6
2
6
Q3. Time Savings
3
l
3
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
3
1
3
0
0
1
3
1
3
Q4. Benefits to Other Agencies
2
3
6
2
4
1
2
2
4
2
4
1
2
2
4
3
6
3
6
Program Need:
Q5. Immediate Use to Programs
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
Cross-Media Impact
Q6. More Efficient Cross-Media Management
2
2
4
1
2
2
4
1
2
3
6
3
6
3
6
2
4
3
6
Q7. Programs served
2
2
4
2
4
4
8
3
6
3
6
3
6
4
8
3
6
7
14
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT
Q8. Focus Regulatory Efforts
2
0
0
1
2
1
2
1
2
X
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Q9. Improve QA/QC Processes
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q10. Improve Tech BasisDecisions
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Qll. Facilitate Decisions
3
2
6
1
3
3
9
3
9
3
9
3
9
3
9
3
9
3
9
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TABLE 6-1 - Cost/Benefit Analysis of Specific GIS Applications in Region III7
UST-1
UST-2
UST-3
UST-4
UIC-1
UIC-2
UIC-3
PW-1
PW-2
Multiplier
Score
Decision Score
:
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Q12. Develop Proactive
2
1
2
i
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Q13. Environmental Results
3
3
9
i
3
2
6
2
6
3
9
3
9
2
6
2
6
3
9
Q14. Assist in Dir/Oversee Activities
2
1
2
i
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Q15. Develop State/Local Program
2
l
2
i
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
0
0
1
2
1
2
1
2
Q16. Accountability System
3
1
3
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
3
1
3
0
0
1
3
1
3
Q17. Direct Benefits in Managing Water
2
2
4
1
2
3
6
2
4
3
6
3
6
2
4
2
4
3
6
Q18. Consistency in Management of
Groundwater
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Q19. Trends in Regional GW Programs
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
EXTENT OF BENEFITS
Q20. Geographic Area
2
4
8
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
4
8
3
6
4
8
4
8
TOTAL BENEFITS
32.1
18.9
28.8
24.7
35.4
34.6
28.4
31.7
37.9
COSTS
Q21. Operating Costs
3
3
9
3
9
3
9
3
9
1
3
1
3
2
6
2
6
2
6
Q22. Production TimeApplication
3
0
0
3
9
2
6
0
0
0
0
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
Q23. CostsData into GIS-Usable Form
3
0
0
3
9
2
6
1
3
0
0
3
9
1
3
0
0
0
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TABLE 6-1 - Cost/Benefit Analysis of Specific GIS Applications in Region III7
UST-1
UST-2
UST-3
UST-4
UIC-1
UIC-2
UIC-3
PW-1
PW-2
Multiplier
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
Decision Score
Score
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Score
Decision Score
TOTAL COSTS
13.3
40
31.1
17.7
4.44
26.6
13.3
8.88
8.88
FEASIBILITY
Q24. Necessary Data Available
3
l
3
3
9
1
3
1
3
2
6
2
6
1
3
2
6
2
6
ACTION/DECISION FEASIBILITY
Q25. Action Decision 09/20/88
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Q26. Feasibility by Certain Date
0
B
B
c
c
B
B
c
B
B
TOTAL FEASIBILITY
3.15
9.47
3.15
3.15
6.31
6.31
3.15
6.31
6.31
GRAND TOTAL
48.6
68.4
63.1
45.6
46.2
67.6
44.9
46.9
53.1
RANK
13
3
5
17
16
4
18
15
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TABLE 6-2 Methodology for Scoring Categories in Region III GIS Cost/Benefit Analysis3
Factor/Question
Scoring
1. What is the potential net FTE savings, to the Agency, as a result of this application?
3 = > 3 FTE's, 2 = 1-3 FTE's, 1 = .5-1
FTEs, 0 = none
2. To what extent is this application expected to result in direct cost savings (in terms of absolute
dollars)
3 = significant, 2 = moderate, 1 = nominal, 0
= none
3. Would this application enable significant time-savings in one or more resource-limited programs?
1 = yes, 2 = no
4. What is the anticipated benefit, of this application, to other agencies?
3 = significant, 2 = moderate, 1 = nominal
5. Would thia application be of immediate use to one or more programs?
1 = yes, 2 = no
6. To what extent would this application result in more efficient cross-media program management?
3 = significant, 2 = moderate, 1 = nominal, 0
= none
7. How many programs would be served by this application?
assign 1 point per program
8. Would this application help to focus regulatory efforts on undermanaged or poorly defined
environmental problems?
1 = yes, 0 = no
9. Would the application improve the quality assurance/quality control processes for environmental
data?
1 = yes, 0 no
10. Would this application improve the technical basis for decision making?
1 = yes, 0 = no
11. Would this application facilitate decisions in the following areas: (a) Targeting enforcement actions;
(b) permitting; (c) compliance monitoring and inspection prioritization; (d) undertaking cleanup or remedial
actions; (e) facilitating problem identification and risk assessment; (f) protecting priority areas and
targeting outreach initiatives; (g) facilitating program evaluations
3 = 5-7 areas, 2 = 3-4 areas, 1=1-2 areas,
0 = none
12. Would this application enable managers to develop proactive (preventative) mechanisms to reduce
risks?
1 = yes, 0 = no
13. What are the anticipated environmental results of this application?
3 = significant, 2 = moderate, 1 = nominal, 0
= uncertain
14. Would this application assist in directing or overseeing activities in a Federally-funded or delegated
program?
1 = yes, 0 = no
15. Would this application facilitate the development of State/local programs?
1 = yes, 0 = no
16. Would this application assist program managers in directly satisfying accountability system
measures?
1 = yes, 0 = no
17. Would this application have direct benefits in managing water programs?
3 = significant, 2 = moderate, 1 = nominal, 0
= none
-------
TABLE 6-2 - Methodology for Sooring Categories in Region III GIS Cost/Benefit Analysis3
Factor/Question
Scoring
18. Would this application promote consistency in management approaches among Agency programs
dealing with ground water?
1 = yes, 0 = no
19. Would this application enable the identification of trends and/or progress occurring in Regional
ground water programs?
1 = yes, 0 = no
20. What is the geographic area benefitting from this application?
4 = Region-wide, 3 = 2 or more states, 2 =
State-wide, 1 = sub-state
21. What operating costs (data-related procurement) will be involved?
3 = No additional, 2 = Nominal (less than
$500), 1 = moderate ($500 - $1000), 0 =
significant (exceeds $1000)
22. What is the production time required to complete this application?
3 = 2-4 weeks, 2 = 5-8 weeks, 1 = 9-12
weeks, 0 = 13-24 weeks
23. What are the costs involved in collecting data required and translating it into a GIS-usable form?
3 = less than .1 man-years, 2 = .1-.5 man-
years, 1 = .5-1 man-years, 0 = 1 or more
man-years (1 man-year = $80,000]
24. To what extent is necessary data available?
3 = necessary data available, 2 = additional
data available, timely acquisition probable, 1 =
additional data required, timely acquisition
possible, 0 additional data required, timely
acquisition unlikely.
25. What is the probability of a manager being able to make an action decision, using the results of this
application, by 09/30/88?
5 = Probable, 3 = Possible, 0 = Unlikely
26. What is the feasibility of completing the application?
not scored
-------
In evaluating the benefit of using GIS for environmental protection, consideration
must be given to the following items:
1. To perform truly comprehensive environmental analyses, data from multiple
media must be considered.
2. All relevant physical characteristics and all pathways to resources that may be
impacted also must be considered.
3. Contaminants or potential contaminants must then be accurately quantified,
with sufficient locational information, to make the analysis practical and
applicable.
To perform this magnitude of information assimilation without a GIS would result
either in exorbitant sacrifices in time and cost, or lead ultimately to failure. This in turn,
would compromise the ultimate benefit for the EPA GIS: protection of the ground water
resource for the public welfare and environmental benefit.
"Organizations are directing more attention to the risks
of not proceeding with GIS development.1,36
GIS Technology Process Documentation
6-13
GIS Benefits
-------
7.0 REFERENCES
1. USEPA (1991). Protecting the Nation's Ground Water: EPA's Strategy for the
1990s, The Final Report of the EPA Ground-Water Task Force. July. EPA Document 21Z-
1020.
2. Fact Sheet for the Chairman, Committee on Government Operations, House of
Representative, United States General Accounting Office, Geographic Information Systems,
Information on Federal Use and Coordination. IMTETC-91-72FS (September 1991).
3. USEPA (1992). Final Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Program
Guidance. December. EPA Document 100-R-93-001.
4. USEPA (1990). Citizen's Guide to Ground-Water Protection. Office of Water (WH-
550G). EPA Document 440/6-90-004. April.
5. Hoyt AL, Franks CJ. Using a Geographic Information System as a Resources
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Site Management Tool: A Case Study. USEPA
Region I, IRMB.
6. A Summary of GIS Use in the Federal Government, Federal Interagency Coordinating
Committee on Digital Cartography, Fall 1990.
7. Zandi, Ava Nelson USEPA Region HI (1988). An Inventory of Ground Water
Applications Using the Geographic Information System.
8. USEPA (1989). Geographic Information Systems, Case Studies of EPA's
Implementation. Administration and Resources Management (PM-218B).
9. Greene CK and Evans D (In press). Use of GIS to determine ground water
vulnerability to contamination by agricultural chemicals: Jefferson County, WV pilot study.
USEPA Region m.
10. Amsden, Timothy L, USEPA Region VII (1988). "GIS and Risk Assessment:
Dangerous and Wonderfiil Tools," presentation at the Urban and Regional Information
Systems Association 26th Annual Conference, Los Angeles. August 10.
11. USEPA/Region HI, Drinking/Water Ground Water Protection Branch (1991).
Regional GIS Supporting Local Programs Application. June 24.
GIS Technology Process Documentation References
7-1
-------
12. Regional GIS Pilot Project Briefing, Ground Water Applications (1988). Drinking
Water/Ground Water Protection Branch (3WM40), USEPA Region IH. October 28.
13. West, David, GIS Team Leader, Information Resources Management Branch
(3PM53), USEPA Region HI, Philadelphia, PA. Personal Communication.
14. Capacasa, Jon, Deputy Director, Chesapeake Bay Program (3CB00), USEPA Region
HI, Philadelphia, PA. Personal Communication.
15. Kerzner, Stuart. EPA/Local Partnerships at Work. USEPA Ground Water Protection
Section (3WM40).
16. Memorandum from Alvin R. Morris and James W. Newsom, Subject: Region IE GIS
Management Steering Committee Charter and Regional Operational Policy, USEPA Region
m (June 26, 1990).
17. Zandi, Ava Nelson (1989). Planning the Development of a GIS Application -
Considerations and Procedures. USEPA Region HI, Drinking Water/Ground Water Branch.
July 12.
18. Charest, Greg, GIS Technical Coordinator, USEPA Region I, Boston, MA. Personal
Communication.
19. Cohen, Debrah, Consultant, USEPA Region I, Boston, MA. Personal
Communication.
20 Ausman, Pat, EPA Region I Computer Systems Administrator. Personal
Communication.
21. Antenucci J, Brown K, Croswell PL, Kevany MJ (1991). Geographic Information
Systems, A Guide to the Technology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
22. USEPA (1992). Definitions for the Minimum Set of Data Elements for Ground
Water Quality. July.
23. USEPA (1992). Locational Data Policy Implementation Guidance - Guide to the
Policy, PM-211D. March.
24. DOI/USGS, National Cartographic Information Center (NCIC) (1990). National
Mapping Program, USGeoData, Digital Cartographic and Geographic Data.
25. Domaratz MA, Hallam CA, Schmidt WE, Calkins HW (1983). Reprinted from
USGS Circular 895-D; In: Marble DF, Calkins HW, Peuquet DJ (1984). Basic Readings in
Geographic Information Systems. SPAD Systems, Ltd. Williamsville, NY.
GIS Technology Process Documentation References
7-2
-------
26. MacDougal, Mike, IRM Branch Chief, USEPA Region I, Boston, MA. Personal
communication.
27. USEPA (1989). GRIDS: Geographic Resources Information and Data System -
Users Guide. November.
28. USEPA (1991). Information Systems Inventory (ISI) User's Guide PC Version.
May.
29. Zandi, Ava Nelson, GIS Project lead/Technical Coordinator (3WM42), USEPA
Region ID, Philadelphia, PA. Personal Communication.
30. USEPA Region HI. Workplan for Lancaster County Pesticides/Wellhead Protection
Project (3WM42).
31. USEPA Region I (1992). Catalogue and Directory of New England States and
Regional GIS Organizations and Activities, and An Assessment of their Future GIS Needs.
January.
32. GIS World (1992). GIS World Inc., Fort Collins, CO. Vol 5(8) October.
33. GIS World (1992). GIS World Inc., Fort Collins, CO. Vol 5(7). September.
34. USEPA (1992). Locational Data Policy Implementation Guidance - Global
Positioning Systems Technology and Its Application in Environmental Programs, PM-225.
February.
35. USEPA/Region HI (1987). Internal Memorandum from Tom Merski (3WM42),
Subject: Regional Initiatives to Implement Pilot Geographic Information Systems Projects.
November 25.
36. Antenucci JC (1991). Risk GIS? Geo Info Systems, pp. 58-60. October.
37. GIS World (1992). GIS World Inc., Fort Collins, CO. Vol 5(5). June
GIS Technology Process Documentation
7-3
References
-------
8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
American Congress on Surveying and Mapping/American Society for Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing (nd). Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems: A Compendium.
Antenucci JC, Brown K, Croswell PL, and Kevany MJ (1991). Geographic Information
Systems: A Guide to the Technology. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Croswell PL. Facing Reality in GIS Implementation: Lessons Learned and Obstacles to be
Overcome.
Davis RM, Porter WA, Crosby S (1991). Geographical Information Systems Used to
Characterize Spatial Relationships Between Water Supply Wells and Facilities that Discharge
Industrial Waste Into Shallow Aquifers. USEPA Region m.
Dewald TG (1991). Putting EPA on the Map, The National Geographic Information Systems
(GIS) Program. United States Environmental Protection Agency, OIRM, Scientific Systems
Review 1(3). February.
Earth Observation Satellite Company (1990). Directory of Geographic Information Systems
and Related Products.
Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee for Digital Cartography (1988). A Process for
Evaluating Geographic Information Systems. Technology Exchange Working Group,
Technical Report 1, USGS Open file Report 88-105.
Federal Geographic Data (FGD) Newsletter (1991). ISSN 1055-8357. No. 1. Spring Issue.
International Geographical Union. (1982) The Design and Implementation of Computer-Based
Geographic Information Systems. Proceedings of a US/Australia Workshop. Commission
on Geographical Data Sensing and Processing.
Kerzner, SH (nd). EPA/Local Partnerships at Work. USEPA Region IE, Ground Water
Protection Section (3WM42).
Maguire DJ, Goodchild MF, and Rhind DW, editors (1991). Geographical Information
Systems: Principles and Applications (2 volumes). New York, NY: Longman Scientific &
Technical.
Morgan JM (1989). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems. Towson State
GIS Technology Process Documentation Bibliography
8-1
-------
University College of Continuing Studies, Department of Geography and Environmental
Planning.
Ripple WA (1987). Geographic Information Systems for Resource Management: A
Compendium. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and American
Congress on Surveying and Mapping. ISBN 0-937294-89-6.
Star J and Estes J (1990). Geographic Information Systems, An Introduction. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Tomlin, CD (1990). Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Cartography and GIS
Division of the National Cartographic Center (1990). Geographic Resources Analysis
Support System (GRASS). December.
United States Geological Survey (1983). A U.S. Geological Survey Data Standard.
Specifications for Representation of Geographic Point Locations for Information Interchange
- Geological Survey Circular 878-B.
USEPA (1987). Geographic Information Systems, Draft Policy and Preliminary Guidelines.
USEPA Region HI (1988). Regional GIS Pilot Project Briefing, Ground Water Applications.
Drinking Water/Ground Water Protection Branch (3WM40). October 28.
USEPA (1989). Geographic Information Systems Handbook. Information Resources
Management (PM-218B). June.
USEPA (1989). Geographic Information Systems Primer. PM-218B. September.
USEPA (1991). Agency Catalog Of Data Polices and Standards. July.
USEPA (1989). Application of GIS Technology to Ground-Water & Hazardous Waste
Problems - Briefing by Regions I and HI, Office of Ground Water Protection. December 19.
USEPA Region HI (1990). Fiscal Year 1989 Ranking of EPA Region HI Counties, Based
Upon Ground Water Contamination Risks. Ground Water Protection Section (3WM42).
USEPA (1990). Office of Water Environmental and Program Information Systems
Compendium, FY 1990. Office of Water (WH-556). August.
USEPA (1990). Reducing Risk: Setting Priorities and Strategies for Environmental
Protection. Science Advisory Board (A-101). September.
G'S Technology Process Documentation Bibliography
8-2
-------
USEPA (1990). Resource and Guidance Manual for Identifying and Reporting EPA's
Mapping Requirements. December.
USEPA Region HI (1991). Internal Memorandum from Pete Weber (3WM42) - Subject:
GIS Project History by Fiscal Year. February 25.
USEPA. EPA's National Mapping Requirements Program: Opportunities and Benefits.
Office of Information Resources Management (PM 218B).
USEPA/ViGYAN (1991). GIS Abstracts and Key Contacts. (June).
USEPA Region HI (1992). Special Initiative: Targeting Threatened Geographic Areas Using
GIS. January.
USEPA Region I (1992). Catalogue and Directory of New England States and Regional GIS
Organizations and Activities, and An Assessment of their Future GIS Needs. January. EPA
Document 901-B-92-001.
USEPA (1992). GIS Technical Memorandum 3, Global Positioning Systems Technology and
Its Application in Environmental Programs. February. EPA Document 600-R-92-036.
USEPA (1992). Locational Data Policy Implementation Guidance. March. EPA Document
220 B-92-008.
USEPA (1992). Locational Data Policy Implementation Guidance - Guide to Selecting
Longitude and Latitude, PM-211D. March.
USEPA (1992). Definitions for the Minimum Set of Data Elements for Ground Water
Quality. July. EPA Document 813/B-92-002.
USEPA (1992). Final Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Program Guidance.
December. EPA Document 100-R-93-001
Warnecke L, Johnson JM, Marshall K, and Brown RS (1992). State Geographic Information
Activities Compendium. Lexington, Kentucky: The Council of State Governments.
Weber, PA (1991). GIS in Region HI: It Works for Us. Presentation to EPA Office of
Drinking Water/Ground Water. USEPA Region HI, Ground Water Protection Section
(3WM42). November.
Zandi, AN (1989). Planning the Development of a GIS Application - Considerations and
Procedures. USEPA Region HI, Drinking Water/Ground Water Branch (3WM40). July 12.
GIS Technology Process Documentation
8-3
Bibljography
-------
APPENDIX
Vermont Chapter, from
"Catalogue and Directory of New England
States and Regional GIS Organizations
and Activities, And an Assessment
of their Future GIS Needs,"
January 1992
-------
VERMONT
This section describes the organizational structure of GIS activities in
Vermont and summarizes the GIS activities of the organizations which
partook, in the study.
8.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Figure 8-1 is a generalized chart of organizations vithin the state of
Vermont which are or may be involved in GIS activities which could have a
bearing on environmental protection. This Figure is intended to help
orient the reader with respect to which organizations were interviewed for
this project and why; and also as a reference for the organizational
information included in the survey responses.
In addition to the structure of organizations noted on Figure 8-1, the
Vermont Geographic Information System (VGIS), which is the entity that
oversees GIS in Vermont, has a substructure of its own. As defined in the
Annual Report to the Vermont General Assembly (March 1991), the VGIS
consists of five major groups:
1. VGIS Advisory Board - a fifteen member board whose historical
responsibilities have included policy, standards and budget review;
public discussion of projects affecting VGIS; and commissioning of
subcommittees on data priorities, pricing and public access.
2. Office of GIS (OGIS) - which falls under the Agency of
Administration and is responsible for development of data, standards
and applications and for support of a decentralized,
multi-governmental, multi-program GIS. Additional information
regarding OGIS may be found in Section 8.2.
3. Other State and Federal Agencies - with which OGIS collaborates in
an effort to most effectively utilize GIS resources.
4. Regional Planning Commissions (RPC) - which number 12 and which are
working toward the capabilities to provide GIS service to every
Vermont town. In general, data which exists at RPCs includes local
parcels, refined wetlands delineations and zoning.
5.
VGIS Network - an informal voluntary organization whose purpose is
to facilitate access to and dissemination of GIS information.
-------
GIS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF VERMONT
GOVERNOR
AGENCY OF
TRANSPORTATION
AGENCY OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
Drives much of GIS
Data Creation
Provides GPS Training
AGENCY OF
OFFICE OF GIS
Develop & Publish
GIS Standards
Distribute GIS Data
AGENCY OF
DEVELOPMENT
AND COMMUNITY
AFFAIRS
DEPARTMENT OF FISH
AND WILDLIFE
DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS,
PARKS AND RECREATION
mmmmffix
PARTICIPATING
ORGANIZATION
Source: Adapted From Warneke,
Unpublished Data, 1991
CATALOGUE AND DIRECTORY OF NEW ENGLAND
STATES AND GIS ORGANIZATIONS AND ACTIVITIES,
AND AN ASSESSMENT OF THEIR GIS NEEDS
Camp Dresser & McKee Inc.
January 1992
FIGURE 8-1
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8.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES
The primary environmental agency in Vermont that contributes to GIS is the
Agency of Natural Resources (ANR). Regional Planning Commissions' (RPC)
activities are often based on EPA grants to the ANR. The ANR has
instituted an unofficial GIS Coordinating Committee to address GIS policy
decisions within the Agency.
8.1.2 INTER-AGENCY AND INTER-STATE COORDINATION
Vermont GIS has achieved a high level of coordination both between agencies
in the state and with surrounding states. VGIS policies, standards, data
applications and concepts have been well documented in three separate
manuals, one of which is called GIS for Vermont Communities: Applications
and Concepts (1990). This manual contains guidelines for communities that
wish to investigate GIS solutions and refers to examples of GIS
applications implemented in Vermont. Regional Planning Commission and
local government roles in the development of GIS are also documented
extensively in the Policies, Standards, Guidelines and Procedures Handbook
(April 1991). As a result GIS work will be directed to the appropriate
organization and there will be little duplication of effort. The
aforementioned manuals are available to anyone upon request at a cost of
approximately $50 each.
The following are some examples that illustrate coordination of GIS efforts
between Vermont agencies and surrounding states:
1. Interstate River Corridor Project - management of the area
surrounding the Connecticut River running from Canada to Long Island
Sound.
2. Air Quality Project - a cooperative effort with the state of New
Hampshire to track the effects of acid rain on vegetation quality
over time.
3. Lake Champlain Management Conference - a cooperative effort
involving the use of GIS to properly manage the Lake Champlain
environment. The project involves the states of Vermont and New
York, the U.S. Geological Survey, and EPA.
-------
8.1.3 ORGANIZATIONS INTERVIEWED
The Vermont organizations interviewed for this project are the Office of
GIS and the Agency of Natural Resources. Salient aspects of our
discussions and summaries of each organization's response to the written
survey are presented belov.
As a result of scheduling difficulties, no personal interview was conducted
with the Agency of Transportation, however, some survey responses are
reflected in the appendices.
8.2 OFFICE OF GIS
8.2.1 MISSION
The mission of the Office of GIS (OGIS) is to facilitate the development of
GIS in the state of Vermont. It does so by providing GIS services and
support to regional planning commissions, local and state agencies, and the
public; establishing GIS standards; collecting, creating and distributing
GIS data; ensuring that all data for distribution meet the established
standards; and delegating GIS responsibilities to the appropriate agencies.
A detailed account of the duties of the OGIS can be found in GIS for
Vermont Communities; Applications and Concepts (1990).
8.2.2 STAFFING
The OGIS currently employs five staff members dedicated to GIS.
Responsibilities of those staff include GIS program management, GIS project
management, database administration and technical specialization.
Allocation of staff is itemized in Appendix C.
8.2.3 FUNDING
Funding for GIS development work is provided largely under Act 200 Special
Municipal Planning Grants (1988). Act 200 established an initial $4.75
million, five year appropriation to develop priority data layers. Costs
-------
beyond that appropriation are defrayed by cooperative agreements vith local
governments and the private sector, and by additional appropriations from
programs such as the Housing and Conservation Trust Fund, Vermont Community
Development Program, and the Federal Land and Vater Conservation Fund.
OGIS is authorized by state to chance a fee for the distribution of GIS
data, products and services. The VGIS Data Catalog (July 1991), discussed
in Section 8.2.6 contains a complete listing of available items, and
describes the fee structure associated vith each.
8.2.4 DATA MAINTENANCE/DISTRIBUTION
As part of its mission, OGIS is responsible for collecting and organizing
periodic data layer updates, and distributing them to organizations and
individuals that request them. Custodianship of particular data layers is
usually delegated by OGIS to a specific agency or organization, but there
are some coverages that are maintained by OGIS. OGIS generally determines
vhich organizations to delegate to based on need for and use of the
particular data layer being delegated. Before OGIS will accept data into
the VGIS system (for distribution), however, the OGIS must ensure that it
meets the standards established for the state. Finally, the OGIS must be
able to track ongoing GIS development veil enough to be able to coordinate
data criteria and maintenance efforts betveen agencies.
8.2.5 GIS STANDARDS
The OGIS is the organization that has the primary responsibility for
developing and publishing VGIS standards and policies. The Policies,
Standards, Guidelines and Procedures Handbook (April 1991) outlines
standards for digital data conversion, map coordinate systems and data
layer documentation. In addition, it contains guidelines for functions
such as maintaining an SML library, exchanging data and configuring
hardvare and softvare.
-------
8.2.6 DATA LAYERS AND COVERAGES
Data layers used, maintained or distributed by OGIS are summarized in
Appendix D. A detailed account of available data is also presented in the
VGIS Data Catalogue (July 1991). This Data Catalog is available on a paid
subscription basis, and is updated regularly.
Since the OGIS plays the role of data distribution center for Vermont, it
has possession of a vide range of data layers available for distribution at
scales of generally 1:24,000 or smaller. Data layers of note include
statewide coverages of endangered species, broken down into plants,
vertebrates, invertebrates and natural communities; and statewide coverages
of wellhead protection areas and watersheds. In addition, OGIS has been
coordinating the authorization of town assessing maps at a scale of
1:5,000. Approximately 35 town assessors maps, showing parcel boundaries
and identification, are available through OGIS. Many"more are available
through RPCs and communities. Data are available in a variety of quad and
orhtophoto based tile structures which are documented in the VGIS Data
Catalog (July 1991).
8.2.7 RESOURCES
Resources in use at the OGIS are summarized in Appendix C. These resources
consist primarily of two copies of PC ARC/INFO operating on two 386 PCs, a
copy of workstation ARC/INFO, an E size pen plotter and a D size digitizer.
These resources must meet both the internal data development needs of the
OGIS as well as the needs of agencies and communities requesting GIS
services.
8.2.8 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
Vhile the function of the OGIS is primarily as statewide GIS data and
service facilitator, it does manage some applications for various end
users. These applications include, among others, community growth
planning, wildlife management, stormwater management and watershed/wellhead
protection.
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8.2.9 FUTURE NEEDS
Future needs as indicated by OGIS staff are itemized in the Appendices.
Presented belov are particular needs as discussed during the interview
process.
8.2.9.1 Data, Applications and Resources
In an effort to continue the development of the VGIS, the OGIS has
indicated a need to expand their resources in terms of hardware, software
and personnel specifically in the case of database management capability,
network access, plotting capabilities and GIS technical talent.
In terms of environmental applications, the OGIS has expressed a need to
invest in a number of air pollution-related applications including, among
others, emissions tracking, industrial facility siting, pesticide studies
and air quality studies.
8.2.9.2 Regional Cooperative Efforts & EPA's Role
The primary issue that the OGIS would like to see addressed by EPA is the
full integration of states as data partners when deciding matters of policy
and finance. It is essential that parties involved in determining GIS
policy review that determination process and be sure that the resources,
program needs and time frames of all participating states are taken into
consideration. Individual states have different data and application needs
than perhaps the EPA or federal government, but by addressing those
differences, it may be possible to devise solutions to meet everyone's
needs.
8.3 AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
8.3.1 MISSION
The Agency of Natural Resources Geographic Information System (ANR/GIS) is
responsible for providing GIS applications and services to all of the
-------
Departments vithin the Agency of Natural Resources (ANR), and also for
providing ANR data to the OGIS for distribution in formats meeting VGIS
standards. The ANR itself is the state's environmental agency, included
vithin which are both regulatory and non-regulatory environmental and
Natural Resource Management Departments.
8.3.2 STAFFING AND FUNDING
GIS staff at ANR/GIS consists of a GIS program manager whose other duties
include Agency automation coordination; and one full-time technical
specialist. There are several staff with ANR Departments that have
knowledge and limited GIS experience. These individuals have been trained
by ANR/GIS staff to perform project-specific GIS tasks. The current plan
is for the GIS program manager to devote 100% of his time to GIS by the end
of 1991.
ANR/GIS currently has no formal funding mechanism for GIS efforts. At this
time, ANR/GIS receives funding from the general fund and from grants by
other state departments. It is anticipated that in November of 1991,
ANR/GIS will become part of the State Geologists Office.
8.3.3 DATA MAINTENANCE/DISTRIBUTION
ANR/GIS is responsible for maintaining data layers specific to that agency.
This includes keeping the appropriate coverages up to date, making sure
that they comply with the standards outlined in the Policies, Standards,
Guidelines & Procedures Handbook (April 1991), and periodically sending
updated coverages to OGIS. ANR/GIS also possesses a number of data layers
which do not yet meet VGIS standards. These data are used internally only
and are not sent to OGIS for distribution.
8.3.4 GIS STANDARDS
Vermont GIS standards are determined by the OGIS, with input from other
agencies including ANR/GIS, and are outlined in the Policies, Standards,
Guidelines & Procedures Handbook (April 1991). This manual outlines
-------
standards for such tasks as digital data conversion, map coordinate systems
and data layer documentation. In addition, it contains guidelines for
functions such as maintaining an SML library, exchanging data and
configuring hardware and software.
8.3.5 DATA LAYERS AND COVERAGES
Data layers used, maintained or distributed by ANR/GIS are summarized in
Appendix D. Data currently in use at ANR/GIS consist primarily of earth
and water information such as hydrography, soils, surface water and
wellhead protection areas, digitized at scales ranging from 1:5,000 to
1:100,000.
8.3.6 RESOURCES
Resources in use at ANR/GIS are summarized in Appendix C. These include
three copies of PC ARC/INFO running on three 386 personal computers as well
as additional database management, drafting, digitizing and plotting
resources. The agency uses Auto/CAD and the Foxpro database management
system extensively.
Several data layers of point sources of pollution and/or EPA-regulated
facilities either exist or are in development. Global positioning systems
(GPS) units are being used to collect these data.
8.3.7 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF GIS
Environmental applications of GIS in use at ANR/GIS are summarized in
Appendix E. At this time, ANR/GIS considers itself to be primarily a map
making shop, with little or no data analyses incorporated in their final
products. The Agency has developed a standard map-making application which
is utilized by several Agency Departments. This SML-driven application
will create a paper map, at any specified scale, of all data currently
residing on the ANR/GIS system, for a buffered area about any user-selected
point.
-------
ANR/GIS is preparing to develop GIS analytical routines for wellhead
protection and watershed protection.
8.3.8 FUTURE NEEDS
Future GIS needs for ANR/GIS are itemized in the Appendices. Presented
below are specific needs discussed during the interview process.
8.3.8.1 Data
ANR/GIS has performed its own data needs analysis and developed a
prioritized list of data layers. The analysis identifies needed data
layers, the current status of the data layers (3-complete and meets VGIS
standards, 2-complete but doesn't meet VGIS standards, 1 in progress, 0-
wishlist) and the Agency Departments that have a need for the data. This
information has been processed and the result is a matrix of data layers
prioritized by the number of agencies that need them. This matrix is
included here as Table 8-1. An additional data priority discussed during
the interview process is the need for data for low level radioactive waste
siting.
8.3.8.2 Applications
There are a number of application needs that have had an impact on the type
and priority of data required. One such application is the zoning of
lakeshore recreational lands in an effort to control boating traffic and
decrease risk as a result of high speed boating. Other applications
include buffering wetlands to extend protection limits and tracking public
land offerings and determining the potential effect on adjoining
recreational lands.
8.3.8.3 Resources
In order to meet the data and application needs discussed above, ANR/GIS
will need to expand it resources, largely by hiring additional GIS talent.
It would also like to add to its GIS and database capabilities through the
-------
AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
NEEDS ANALYSIS SUMMARY TABLE
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purchase of additional ARC/INFO licenses, database management systems, 386
personal computers, and plotting devices. Finally, ANR/GIS feels that in
order for data analysis to become videly used, they vill need to implement
a data distribution network and a user friendly data access system such as
ArcView.
8.3.8.4 Regional Cooperative Efforts and EPA's Role
During the interview with a representative from ANR/GIS, the following
suggestions were made as to how EPA might direct its efforts to help the
development of GIS in Vermont and throughout the northeast.
1. EPA could compile a catalogue of data available throughout Region I
and make that catalogue available for viewing through a computerized
bulletin board. In addition, the bulletin boards could also include
almanac updates and satellite availability.
2. EPA could facilitate communication between agencies in Region I and
Region II. Communication between Vermont and New York regarding
Lake Champlain is essential.
3. EPA could institute a regional GPS training center. Currently,
although ANR/GIS provides GPS training, the demand for such training
exceeds its capabilities to provide it.
4. The New England Governors' Conference could be used as a vehicle for
communication regarding GIS efforts and resources.
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MEUMOA
Data & Applications Catalogue
Version 3.01.03
Table B-l:Participating Organizations
CONNECTICUT
02/12/92
3:12 PM
Organization Name
Organiztion
Abbreviation Function/Conments
Connecticut Bureau of Air Management CT-BAM
Connecticut Bureau of Environmental Services CT-BES
Connecticut Bureau of Waste Management CT-BUH
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection CT-DEP
Connecticut Natural Resources Center CT-NRC
P Division of the Connecticut OEP.
T Division of the Connecticut DEP.
P Division of Connecticut DEP.
T State environmental regulatory agency
P Division of the DEP. Responsible for distribution of
Connecticut GIS data.
MASSACHUSETTS
83aS3S33Sป3S
Organization Name
CZM Buzzards Bay Project
Cape Cod Commission
Mass Department of Environmental Protection
M4ss Department of Food and Agriculture
Mass Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
Mass EOEA Oata Center
CZM Massachusetts Bay Project
Mass Water Resources Authority
Organiztion
Abbreviation
Funct i on/Comments
MA-BBP T A project of Mass. Coastal Zone Management.
MA-CCC N Regional planning commission for Cape Cod.
MA-DEP P State environmental regulatory agency under EOEA.
MA-OFA T Provides support to the agricultural industry/community;
administers programs for agricultural preservation, land use
planning and regulatory actions. Under EOEA.
MA-EOEA T Unfcrella agency for all state environ agencies. Manages
MassGIS from Research and Data Systems office, which handles
all information technology for EOEA
MA-EOEAD P Under EOEA. Maintains and distributes many state environ-
mental data layers. MassGIS located in Data Center.
MA-MBP T A project of Mass. Coastal Zone Management.
MA-MURA P Water and sewer authority serving 60 comnunities in the
Boston Metro area.
Mass Office of USGS, Water Resources Division
MA-USGS
T Federal agency engaged in hydrologic research
MAINE
33333
Organiztion
Organization Name Abbreviation Function/Comments
Maine Bureau of Health ME-BOH T
Maine Board of Pesticides Control ME-BOPC T
Maine Department of Environmental Protection ME-OEP P Project specific GIS applications
Maine Geological Survey ME-GS P
ฆ>ine State Office of GIS ME-OGIS P Resource center, distribution of GIS data, training Bnd
Personal interview conducted
T - Telephone interview conducted
N - No survey materials returned
* Organization to which primary contact belongs
-------
Oata & Applications Catalogue
Table B-1:Participating Organizations - PAGE 2
Organiztion
Organization Name Abbreviation Function/Comments
resource center, owner of multi-use data layers.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
33SB8Sfl88IIIB
Organization Name
Organiztion
Abbreviation
Function/Comments
University of NH, Complex Systems Research Center
NH-CSRC
P Houses and manages GftANIT database. Provides technical
expertise for state and regional GIS projects.
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services NH-OES
P State environmental regulatory agency.
New Hanpshire Office of State Planning
NH-OSP
P State's GIS coordinating agency. Manages state growth and
development by monitoring land use planning.
RHOOE ISLANO
333333383383
Organization Name
Organiztion
Abbreviation
Function/Cooments
Rhode Island Dept. of Acfcnin., Divison of Planning RI-DADP
T State's central planning agency and GIS coordinating agency.
Licenses R1GIS data.
RI DEM, Groundwater Section of I SOS
RI-DEMGW
T Under RI OEM. Responsible for protecting state's
groundwater.
Rhode Island Environmental Data Center
RI-EOC
P Within URI's Department of Natural Resources Science.
Houses and maintains RIGIS database.
RI DEM Environmental Regulatory Information Center RI-ERIC
T
Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Project
Rl-NBP
T Monitor and protect Narragansett Bay. Under RI-DEM, primary
funding from EPA. Nearing project completion.
RI DEM Office of Environmental Coordination
RI-OEC
T Under RI DEM. Responsible for non-point source program.
RI Office of Soil Conservation Service
RI-SCS
N Federal agency. Maps country's soild, provides assistance
to farmers.
RI Office of USGS, Water Resources Division
RI-USGS
N Federal agency engaged in hydrologic research.
UNITED STATES - FEDERAL
3=3aiOS8S:338aB88S33S8l
Organization Name
Organiztion
Abbreviation
Function/Conments
Environmental Protection Agency Region I
US-EPAI
N
VERMONT
3388838
Organization Name
Organiztion
Abbreviation
Function/Conments
Vermont Agency of Development & Community Affairs
VT-ADCA
N
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources
VT-ANR
P Maintenance of data layers and applications specific to ANR.
P Personal interview conducted
T Telephone interview conducted
N - No survey materials returned
* - Organization to which primary contact belongs
-------
Data ft Applications Catalogue
Table B-1:Participating Organizations PAGE 3
02/12/92
3:12 Ptt
Organiztion
Organization Name Abbreviation Function/Comments
.mont Agency of Transportation VT-AOT
Vermont State Office of GIS VT-OG1S T 1) Develop data state ft local level. 2) Data maint & dist,
develop standards & docs. 3) Develop applications. 4) Public
e&xation, training, support for decentralz, mulitgovt GIS.
University of VT School of Natural Resources VT-UVN M GIS training and education resources.
P ฆ Personal interview conducted
T - Telephone interview conducted
N No survey materials returned
* - Organization to which primary contact belongs
-------
NEUMOA 02/12/92
Jata & Applications Catalogue 3:13 PM
Version 3.01.03
Table B-2:Organizational Contacts Summary
.^NECTICUT
ssasnasiBi
Contact Name
Position
Title
Organization
Name
Chris Muleahy
Project Manager
Connecticut Bureau of Air Management
Richard Hyde
Assistant Director
Connecticut Bureau of Environmental Services
Hugo Thomas
Director
Connecticut Bureau of Environmental Services
Beth Doran
Project Manager
Connecticut Bureau of Waste Management
Sandy Prisloe
Supervising Environmental Analyst
Connecticut Natural Resources Center
MASSACHUSETTS
Position
Organization
Contact Name
Title
Name
Neil MacGaffey
Christina Oirker
Donovan Souley
Steve Travis
Lee Corte-Real
Barbara Hopson
Rick Taupier
Christian Jacqz
Oil Ion Scott
Stephen Estes-Smargiassi
Daniel Nvule
Peter Steeves
Michael Yurewicz
GIS PRogram Manager
GIS Technical Manager
GIS Coordinator
Assistant Secretary
MassGIS Data Manager
Data Manager
GIS Coordinator
GIS Project Manager
Cartographer
Massachusetts Office Chief
CZM Buzzards Bay Project
Cape Cod Commission
Mass Department of Environmental Protection
Mass Department of Environmental Protection
Mass Department of Food and Agriculture
Mass Department of Food and Agriculture
Mass Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
Mass EOEA Data Center
CZM Massachusetts Bay Project
Mass Water Resources Authority
Mass Water Resources Authority
Mass Office of USGS, water Resources Division
Mass Office of USGS, Water Resources Division
MAINE
tact Name
Position
Title
Organization
Name
Terry Mingo
Taniny Gould
Christopher Kroot
Robert Marvinney
Dan Walters
GIS Specialist
Physical Geologist
Director Office of GIS
Maine Bureau of Health
Maine Board of Pesticides Control
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
Maine Geological Survey
Maine State Office of GIS
NEW HAMPSHIRE
333S33S3833SS
Contact Name
Position
Title
Organization
Name
Fay Rubin
Hastings George
Chris Sinners
J s McLaughlin
GIS Coordinator
GIS Coordinator
Senior Planner
Senior Planner
University of NH, Complex Systems Research Center
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
New Hampshire Office of State Planning
RHOOE ISLAND
32S33S833333
Contact Name
Position
Title
Organization
Name
John Stachelhaus
Ernest Panciera
Peter August
Charles LaBash
Pam Amaruno
Andrew MacLachlan
Lynn Carlson
Jackie Pashnik
Virginia DeLima
Jack Kliever
RIGIS Coordinator
Senior Environmental Planner
Director
Database Manager
Rhode Island Office Chief
Hydrologist
Rhode Island Dept. of Admin., Divison of Planning
R! OEM, Groundwater Section of ISOS
Rhode Island Environmental Data Center
Rhode Island Environmental Data Center
RI DEM Environmental Regulatory Information Center
Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Project
RI DEM Office of Environmental Coordination
RI Office of Soil Conservation Service
RI Office of USGS, Water Resources Division
RI Office of USGS, Water Resources Division
.TED STATES - FEDERAL
333333333333SSS3S3S8333
Contact Name
Position
Title
Organization
Name
Greg Charest
GIS Program Manager
Environmental Protection Agency Region 1
-------
Oata t Applications Catalogue
Table B-2:Organizatfonal Contacts Summary - PAGE 2
02/12/<
3:13 tm
VERMONT
BsuuB
Position Organization
Contact Name Title Name
Bill Shouldice Deputy Secretary Vermont Agency of Development & Community Affairs
John Dudley Vermont Agency of Natural Resources
Lloyd Robinson Deputy Secretary Vermont Agency of Transportation
Bruce Uescott Director Vermont State Office of GIS
Gary Smith GIS Program Coordinator University of VT - School of Natural Resources
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table B-3:Organizational Contacts - PAGE 6
U.S. Soil Conservation Service
5586 Post Road, Box 6
East Greenwich, RI 02818
Tel: (401) 885-1321
Fax:
Virginia DeLima
Rhode Island Office Chief
USGS - Water Resources Division
J.O. Pastore Federal Building, Room 237
Providence, RI 02903
Tel: (401) 528-5135
Fax:
Jack Kliever
Hydrologist
USGS - Water Resources Division
J.O. Pastore Federal Building, Room 237
Providence, RI 02903
Tel: (401) 528-5135
Fax:
UNITED STATES - FEDERAL
Greg Charest (primary contact for state)
GIS Program Manager
JFK Federal Building
PIM 221
Boston, MA 02203
Tel: (617) 565-4528
Fax: (617) 565-3346
VERMONT
Bill Shouldice
Deputy Secretary
Agency of Development and Community Affairs
Pavilion Office Building
Montpelier, VT 05609
Tel: (802) 828-3211
Fax:
John Dudley
GIS Office - Agency of Natural Resources
Center Building, Waterbury Complex
Waterbury, VT 05671-0301
Tel: (802) 244-8747
Fax: (802) 244-1102
Lloyd Robinson
Deputy Secretary
Agency of Transportation
133 State St.
Montpelier, VT 05633
Tel: (802) 828-2658
-------
?a&?e*C*??iKistlnflOG?!t8e80urces by Organization - PAGE 8
Organization Resource How .
IyP? Many? Cost or Total Additional Comments
Mainframe ARC/INFO GIS 1.0
ฐi< m
Tgtal Annually
UNITED STATES - FEDERAL
3BSS83BSSS8SSS5SSSS3ICS
Srganization Resource
eference Type
us-epaI"
VPf
Expenditures
Resource Many?
Hardware
Personnel
Software
System Maintenance
D size digitizer 1.0
Data General workstations 5.0
E size color electrostatic plotr 1.0
E size pen plotter 1.0
Graphic terminal 8.0
Miscellaneous bis digitizer 1.0
Prime minicomputer 1.0
Screen dunp plotter 5.0
SUN workstation 2.0
Tek workstation 1.0
Trimble low-res GPS 8.0
GIS project manager 1.0
GIS technical specialist 4.0
System manager 1.0
ARC/INFO's TIM model 7.0
Minicomputer ARC/INFO 1.0
Triable global postioning 2.0
Workstation ARC/INFO GIS 8.0
Total Annually
Cost or Total Additional Comments
"i50~6o6~66 Total
360,000.00 Annual
60,000.00 Total
30,000.00 Annual
Not currently in use.
One is a server.
Hardware
Personnel
Software
Three.X-terminals three 4207. one 4107, one 4125, several
PCs with Tek emulation software.
Back lit 48" by 62".
Will be phased out over the next year.
Seven Pathfinders and one 4000 series base stations.
Prime minicomputer
Once copy at GIS center and one copy at Environmental
Services Division.
VERMONT
sasssttB
Organization Resource
Reference Type
VT-ANR Expenditures
Resource
Data development and maintenance
General operations
Hardware
Personnel
Software
386 chip PC
Digitizer smaller then D size
E size digitizer
E size pen plotter
Triable low-res GPS
How
Hany?
Total Annually
Cost or Total Additi
'50i666!66 Total
5,000.00 Total
80,000.00 Total
65,000.00 Total
20,000.00 Total
onal Cooinents
Hardware
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
-------
by Organization - PAGE 9
Organization Resource
Reference Type
. How Total Annually
Resource Many? Cost or Total
Personnel
Software
VT-AOT
Hardware
Personnel
Software
CIS program manager 1.0
CIS technical specialist 1.0
AutoCAD drafting 1.0
DCA contour/3D modelling 1.0
FoxPro Database Management Sys 2.0
PC ARC/INFO GIS 3.0
Quatro Pro 2.0
Triable global postioning 3.0
386 chip PC 2.0
0 size digitizer 1.0
Graphic terminal 2.0
Miscellaneous workstation 2.0
VAX mainframe 1.0
Database Adninistrator 1.0
System manager 1.0
Intergraph drafting 1.0
Mainframe ARC/INFO CIS
PC ARC/IHFO GIS
1.0
2.0
VT-OGIS Expenditures
Hardware
Personnel
Software
Data development and maintenance
General operations
Hardware
Marketing and public relations
Personnel
Research and development
Software
System Maintenance
User SLfport and training
386 chip PC 2.0
D size digitizer 1.0
E size pen plotter 1.0
Screen dunp plotter 1.0
Database Administrator 1.0
GIS program manager 1.0
GIS project manager 1.0
GIS technical specialist 2.0
FoxPro Database Management Sys 2.0
PC ARC/IHFO GIS 2.0
Workstation ARC/INFO GIS 1.0
100,000.
40,000.
20,000.
10.000.
180,000.
20,000.
10,000.
20,000.
20,000.
00 Annual
00 Annual
00 Annual
00 Annual
00 Annual
00 Annual
00 Annual
00 Annual
00 Annual
m
Additional Cooroents
Manager half-time until 11/1/91
With F0XBASE+
Used sparingly for GIS.
Color
lnt,250..lnt 380 end workstations.^.Only Int 250
workstations are used for GIS as this equipment is not the
standard GIS platform.
Currently used only fqr training and some elementary
grj>toty|ปjng.^ 2ฐ^ฐฐ dedicated equipment - all equipment has
-------
tw.vspMssin.s-Kia?., * or,.,,.
zation - PAGE 2
RHOOEISLANO
Organization Resource
Reference
Type
Expenditures
Resource Many?
Data development and maintenance
General operations
Hardware
Personnel
Software
System Maintenance
User support and training
ARC/lNFO's TIN node! 2.0
Uorkstation ARC/INFO GIS 2.0
D size color electrostatic plotr 1.0
SUN workstation 1.0
Triable low-res GPS 1.0
GIS program manager 1.0
Triable global postioning 1.0
Uorkstation ARC/INFO GIS 1.0
Total
Cost
Annually
>r Total
or
Total
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Additional Comments
RI-0A0P
RI-EDC Software
RI-ERIC Hardware
Personnel
Software
25,000.00
2,000.00
5,000.00
65,000.00
5,000.00
6,500.00
3,000.00
For 1.5 full time employees.
6K for maintenance contracts.
2 TIN aปdules ordered for workstation ARC/INFO.
These will replace ARC/INFO on the Prime. Each will be
a single-user license.
Agricultural Division
On-order by Division of Agriculture.
Divisioo of Agriculture - I believe they ordered low-
resolution.
Attempting to hire 1.position for adninistration and some
person
On-order by Division of Agriculture.
On-order for the Division of Agriculture.
UNITED STATES - FEDERAL
3&S83SBSSSSS3S3SSSS3S88
Srganization Resource
eference
Type
Software
Resource
AutoCAD drafting
How
Many?
"To
Total Annually
Cost or Total Additional Coonients
Unix workstation release 11
US-EPAI
VERMONT
8SBC888
Organization Resource
Reference Type
Resource
Hardware
Software
E size digitizer
E size pen plotter
Database Administrator
GIS program manager
GIS project manager
GIS technical specialist
System manager
How
Many?
T8ost oS^Votaf Additional Coaments
"ioiooo'oo Total
5,000.00 Total
VT-ANR
VT-OGIS
E upenditures
Hardware
Personnel
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.5
3.0
1.0
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table C-3:Needed GlS Resources by Organization - PAGE 4
UNITED STATES - FEDERAL
S85SS88SSSS36SSSSSS8888
Organization Resource How
Reference Type Resource Many?
Terence Type
US-EPM Expenditures
Resource
Hardware
Personnel
Software
System Maintenance
386 chip PC
Database Actainistrator
Oracle Database Management Sys
Hardware
Personnel
Software
1.0
1.0
1.0
VERMONT
8888SSS
Organization Resource How
Reference Type Resource Many?
VT-ANR Expenditures Oata development and maintenance
General operations
Hardware
Personnel
Software
System Maintenance
User support and training
Hardware 386 chip PC 1.0
E size color electrostatic plotr 1.0
E size digitizer 1.0
PC Server 1.0
Screen dump plotter 1.0
Trimble low-res GPS 3.0
Unspecified scanner 1.0
Personnel GlS technical specialist 0.5
Software FoxPro Database Management Sys 1.0
Mainframe ARC/INFO GlS 1.0
PC ARC/INFO GlS 1.0
Quatro Pro 1.0
VT-AOT Personnel GlS program manager 1.0
GlS project manager 1.0
GlS technical specialist 1.0
VT-OG1S Expenditures Oata development and maintenance
General operations
Hardware
Marketing and public relations
Personnel
Total Annually , .
Cost or Total Additional Conments
iooioooioo Total
60,000.00 Annual
100,000.00 Total
100,000.00 Annual
Total Annually
Cost or Total Additional Conments
"25]666'.66 Total
5,000.00 Total
100,000.00 Total
40,000.00 Total
30,000.00 Total Upgrade from PC versions to host Arc/INFO.
2,500.00 Total
5,000.00 Total
250,000.00 Annual
60,000.00 Annual
AO,000.00 Annual
20,000.00 Annual
300,000.00 Annual
No staff dedicated to GlS work?.. Still in process of
establishing direction and defining needs.
VT operates under a 5 year.data .
development plan. If Avail, could spend 400.- 600.thousand/
year responsibly w/ good control, direction & application.
-------
ab?e&C^Aee3eiฐG?SC8eso5?ces by Organization - PAGE 5
Resource
irganization Resource
teference Type
How
Many?
Hardware
Personnel
Software
Research and development
Software
System Maintenance
User support and training
386 chip PC 3.0
E size b/w electrostatic plotter 1.0
E size color electrostatic plotr 1.0
Screen duqp plotter 1.0
SUN workstation 1.0
Database Ackninistrator 2.0
GIS program manager 1.0
GIS project manager 2.0
GIS technical specialist 6.0
System manager 1.0
ARC/INFO'S TIN model 1.0
ARC/VIEU end user interface 1.0
FoxPro Database Management Sys 3.0
Oracle Database Management Sys 1.0
PC ARC/INFO GIS 3.0
Workstation ARC/INFO GIS 4.0
Total Annually
Cost or Total Additional Comments
20,000.00 Annual
20,000.00 Annual
30,000.00 Annual
30,000.00 Annual
Multi-user, networked
Multi-user, public walk-in and dial-up access
-------
MEUMOA
Data & Applications Catalogue
Version 3.01.03
02/12/92
4:19 PM
Table C-4:Existing GIS Resources by Resource
Resource
Type
Resource
Organization How
Reference Many?
Total Annually
Cost or Total
Expendi tures
Data development and maintenance
General operations
Hardware
Marketing and public relations
Personnel
Research and development
Software
System Maintenance
'larduare
User st^port and training
286 chip PC
386 chip PC
MA-EOEAD
100,000.00 Annual
MA-MWRA
895,000.00 Total
NH-CSRC
40,000.00 Annual
NH'OSP
150,000.00 Annual
VT-ANR
50,000.00 Total
VT-OGIS
100,000.00 Annual
RI-OADP
2,000.00 Annual
VT-ANR
5,000.00 Total
VT-OGIS
40,000.00 Annual
MA-BBP
15,000.00 Total
NA-OFA
1.0
MA-EOEAO
10,000.00 Annual
MA-MWRA
200,000.00 Total
ME-DEP
60,000.00 Total
ME-GS
50,000.00 Total
ME-OGIS
200,000.00 Total
NH-OSP
16,000.00 Total
RI-DADP
2,000.00 Annual
US-EPAI
150,000.00 Total
VT-ANR
80,000.00 Total
VT-OGIS
20,000.00 Annual
VT-OGIS
10,000.00 Annual
MA-BBP
45,000.00 Annual
MA-OFA
2.0
MA-EOEAO
180,000.00 Annual
MA-MURA
200,000.00 Annual
ME-OGIS
94,000.00 Annual
NH-CSRC
80,000.00 Annual
NH-OSP
100,000.00 Annual
RI-DADP
65,000.00 Annual
RI-EDC
5.0
US-EPAI
360,000.00 Annual
VT-ANR
65,000.00 Total
VT-OGIS
180,000.00 Annual
VT-OGIS
20,000.00 Annual
MA-BBP
11,200.00 Total
MA-OFA
1.0
MA-MWRA
100,000.00 Total
20,000.00 Total
ME-DEP
ME-GS
15,000.00 Total
ME-OGIS
127,000.00 Total
NH-OSP
7,500.00 Total
RI-DADP
4,000.00 Annual
US-EPAI
60,000.00 Total
VT-ANR
20,000.00 Total
VT-OGIS
10,000.00 Annual
MA-BBP
1.0
MA-EOEAD
30,000.00 Annual
ME-DEP
8,000.00 Total
ME-OGIS
27,000.00 Annual
NH-OSP
1,000.00 Annual
RI-OADP
500.00 Annual
US-EPAI
30,000.00 Annual
VT-OGIS
20,000.00 Annual
MA-OFA'
4.0
RI-OADP
2,000.00 Annual
VT-OGIS
20,000.00 Annual
CT-NRC
6.0
ME-GS
1.0
RI-EDC
2.0
CT-NRC
5.0
MA-BBP
1.0
MA-MBP
7
MA-MURA
1.0
ME-BOPC
1.0
ME-GS
2.0
NH-CSRC
1.0
NH-OSP
1.0
RI-DADP
1.0
RI-EDC
14.0
VT-ANR
3.0
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table C-4:Existing GIS Resources by Resource - PAGE 2
02/12/92
4:19 PM
Resource Organization How Total Annually
Type Resource Reference Many? Cost or Total
VT-AOT 2.0
VT-OGIS 2.0
Aviion workstation CT-NRC 1.0
RI-EDC 2.0
0 size color electrostatic plotr RI-EDC 1.0
0 size digitizer CT-NRC 1.0
ME-GS 2.0
RI-DADP 1.0
US-EPAI 1.0
VT-AOT 1.0
VT-OGIS 1.0
Oata General mainframe CT-NRC 1.0
Data General workstations US-EPAI S.O
Digitizer 44 * 60 CT-NRC 1.0
Digitizer smaller then D size CT-NRC 2.0
VT-ANR 2.0
E size color electrostatic plotr CT-NRC 2.0
MA-EOEAD 1.0
MA-MURA 1.0
US-EPAI 1.0
E size digitizer CT-NRC 2.0
HA-BBP 1.0
MA-EOEAD 2.0
MA-MURA 2.0
MA-USGS 2.0
ME-DEP 1.0
ME-GS 1.0
ME-OGIS 2.0
NH-CSRC 1.0
NN-DES 2.0
NH-OSP 1.0
RI-EDC 2.0
VT-ANR 1.0
E size pen plotter CT-NRC 2.0
MA-EOEAD 2.0
MA-MURA 1.0
MA-USGS 1.0
ME-DEP 1.0
ME-GS 2.0
ME-OGIS 1.0
NH-CSRC 1.0
NH-DES 2.0
NH-OSP 1.0
RI-DADP 1.0
RI-DEMGU 1.0
RI-EDC 1.0
RI-ERIC 1.0
RI-NBP 1.0
RI-OEC 1.0
US-EPAI 1.0
VT-ANR 1.0
VT-OGIS 1.0
Graphic terminal CT-NRC 4.0
MA-DFA 1.0
MA-EOEAD 13.0
MA-MUKA 4.0
ME-OGIS 2.0
NH-CSRC 5.0
NH-OES 2.0
NH-OSP 1.0
RI-DEMGU 2.0
RI-EDC 5.0
RI-ER1C 2.0
RI-NBP 2.0
RI-OEC 2.0
US-EPAI 8.0
VT-AOT 2.0
Hewlett-Packard Scanjet Plus ME-BOPC 1.0
IBM workstation ME-DEP 1.0
NH-DES 1.0
Miscellaneous big digitizer US-EPAI 1.0
Miscellaneous workstation MA-USGS 1.0
VT-AOT 2.0
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table C-4:Existing GIS Resources by Resource - PAGE 3
02/12/9
4:19 PM
Resource Organization How Total Amually
Type Resource Reference Many? Cost or Total
Pen plotter smaller than 0 size CT-NRC 1.0
MA-BBP* 1.0
NA-USGS 3.0
ME-GS 1.0
Prime mainframe NH-CSRC 1.0
RI-DEMGU 1.0
RI-EDC 1.0
RI-OEC 1.0
Prime minicomputer US-EPAI 1.0
Screen dunp plotter CT-NRC 1.0
MA-MURA 1.0
NA-USGS 1.0
ME-OGIS 1.0
NH-CSRC 1.0
NH-DES 1.0
Rl-OAOP 1.0
RI-DEMGU 1.0
RI-EDC 1.0
RI-ERIC 1.0
RI-NBP 1.0
Rl-OEC 1.0
US-EPAI 5.0
VT-OGIS 1.0
Sun Sparcserver ME-OGIS 1.0
SUN workstation CT-NRC 5.0
ME-GS 1.0
ME-OGIS 3.0
NH-CSRC 1.5
NH-0ES 1.0
RI-OADP 1.0
US-EPAI 2.0
Tele workstation ME-DEP 1.0
US-EPAI 1.0
Trimble low-res GPS CT-NRC 2.0
RI-EDC 1.0
US-EPAI 8.0
VT-ANR 3.0
Unspecified scanner HE-BOH 1.0
VAX mainframe MA-BBP 1.0
MA-DFA 1.0
MA-EOEAD 1.0
MA-MURA 1.0
VT-AOT 1.0
Personnel Active trained users MA-MURA 4.0
Cartographer/Database Adninistr MA-EOEAD 1.0
Database Adninistrator RI-OADP 0.3
RI-EDC 1.0
VT-AOT 1.0
VT-OGIS 1.0
GIS Adninistrator ME-OGIS 1.0
GIS coordinator MA-DFA 1.0
ME-OGIS 1.0
NH-DES 1.0
GIS prograa Manager CT-NRC 1.0
MA-EOEAD 1.0
MA-MURA 1.0
ME-DEP 1.0
NH-CSRC 1.0
NH-OSP 1.0
RI-DADP 0.3
RI-EDC 1.0
RI-NBP 1.0
VT-ANR 1.0
VT-OGIS 1.0
GIS project manager MA-BBP 1.0
MA-MBP 1.0
MA-MURA 1.0
MA-USGS 1.0
ME-BOH 1.0
NH-OSP 1.0
RI-DADP 1.0
RI-EDC 4.0
US-EPAI 1.0
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table C-4:Existing CIS Resources by Resource PAGE 4
02/12/92
4:19 PM
Resource Organization Hom Total Annually
Type Resource Reference Many? Cost or Total
VT-OGIS 1.0
GIS technical specialist CT-NRC 4.0
MA-DFA 2.0
MA-EOEAD 1.0
MA-MURA 3.0
MA-USGS 1.0
NH-CSRC 2.0
NH-DES 1.0
RI-DADP 1.0
RI-0EMGU 1.0
RI-EDC 1.0
RI-ERIC 1.0
RI-OEC 1.0
US-EPAI 4.0
VT-ANR 1.0
VT-OGIS 2.0
Interns MA-MURA. 1.0
Prograrnner/Analyst MA-EOEAD 1.0
System manager CT-NRC 1.0
NH-CSRC 1.0
RI-DADP 0.3
RI-EDC 2.0
US-EPAI 1.0
VT-AOT 1.0
Software ARC/INFO'S NETWORK module HE-OGIS 1.0
ARC/INFO'S TIN model CT-NRC 3.0
MA-BBP 1.0
MA-DFA 1.0
MA-EOEAD 1.0
MA-MBP 1.0
MA-MURA 1.0
MA-USGS 1.0
ME-DEP 1.0
ME-GS 1.0
ME-OGIS 1.0
NH-CSRC 1.0
RI-DEMGW 1.0
RI-EDC 1.0
RI-ERIC 1.0
RI-NBP 1.0
RI-OEC 1.0
US-EPAI 7.0
AutoCAD drafting CT-NRC 1.0
MA-MURA 4.0
MA-USGS 1.0
RI-ERIC 1.0
VT-ANR 1.0
Contouring software RI-ERIC 1.0
OCA contour/30 modelling VT-ANR 1.0
ERDAS Satellite Imaging NH-CSRC 1.0
RI-EDC 1.0
FoxPro Oatabase Management Sys VT-ANR 2.0
VT-OGIS 2.0
Grafpoint software NH-DES 1.0
Ingres DBMS MA-USGS 1.0
Intergraph drafting RI-EDC 10.0
VT-AOT 1.0
Mainframe ARC/INFO GIS CT-NRC 1.0
MA-BBP 1.0
MA-DFA 1.0
MA-EOEAO 1.0
MA-MBP 1.0
MA-MURA 1.0
ME-OGIS 1.0
NH-CSRC 1.0
RI-OEMGU 1.0
RI-ERIC 1.0
RI-NBP 1.0
RI-OEC 1.0
VT-AOT 1.0
Maplnfo GIS CT-NRC 1.0
McOonnel/Douglas drafting MA-MURA 25.0
Minicomputer ARC/INFO US-EPAI 1.0
-------
02/12/9
4:19 P..
Oracle Database Management Sys
MA-BBP
1.0
MA-EOEAD
1.0
MA-MBP
1.0
MA-MWRA
1.0
ME-DEP
1.0
Oracle RDBI
ME-OGIS
1.0
PC ARC/INFO GIS
CT-NRC
5.0
MA-BBP
1.0
MA-EOEAD
1.0
MA-MWRA
1.0
ME-GS
3.0
NH-CSRC
1.0
NH-DES
1.0
NH-OSP
1.0
RI-DADP
1.0
RI-EDC
10.0
VT-ANR
3.0
VT-AOT
2.0
VT-OGIS
2.0
PC EROAS Satellite Imaging
NH-CSRC
2.0
PC ORACLE
MA-BBP
1.0
Ouatro Pro
VT-ANR
2.0
Surfer contour/30 modelling
CT-NRC
1.0
NH-CSRC
1.0
RI-EDC
1.0
Trimble global postponing
CT-NRC
2.0
RI-EDC
2.0
US-EPAI
2.0
VT-ANR
3.0
Workstation ARC/INFO GIS
CT-NRC
4.0
MA-USGS
1.0
ME-DEP
1.0
ME-GS
1.0
ME-OGIS
3.0
NH-DES
1.0
RI-DADP
1.0
US-EPAI
8.0
VT-OGIS
1.0
Data ฃ Applications Catalogue
Table C-4:Existing GIS Resources by Resource -
Resource
Type Resource
PAGE 5
Organization How Total Annually
Reference Many? Cost or Total
-------
tSat?U^y Organization - PAGE 15
ฐia
Organization
Reference
Data
Type
Data Layer
Source
Scale
Data
Accuracy
T i le
Unit
Data
Extent
Additional Comments
1
:24,000
unknown
State of CT
From CT-DEP. Includes name, utility name.
Wells (community)
POINT
POINT
POINT
good
excel lent
good
CT
HA
NH 16 quads
From CT DEP. Includes name, simply code, aquifer.
From MAGIS. Includes pwsid, usgs id, name.
From WGP, R1.
Wells (non-community)
POINT
good
NH, 16 quads
From WGP, R1.
Wells (private)
POINT
good
IE, 2 quads
From EPA Region 1. Includes nitrate concentration.
Wetlands
1
:24,000
Good
Rhode Island
Wetlands which were mapped and digitized by IEP.
1:24,000
good
VT, 18 quads
From VT/ANR.
UiIdlife
Rare and endangered species
?
VT, 31 quads
From VT/ANR. Includes Nat'I Her. Code.
VERMONT
=S8B3SS
Organization
Reference
Data
Type
Data Layer
Source
Scale
Data
Accuracy
Tile
Unit
Data
Extent
Additional Comments
VT-ANR
Earth
Bedrock geology
1
24,000
I imi ted
Hydrography
1
1
1
100,000
20,000
5,000
State
Limited areas
Limited areas
USGS-DLG
UVM
UVM
Soi Is
1
20,000
COUNTY
7 Counties
UVM
infra
Roads
1
100,000
State
USGS-DLG
Land Use
Population or pop density
Default census data
Pol Bound
County boundaries
1
24,000
State
EPA Region 1 enhanced here
State boundaries
1
24,000
State
EPA Region 1 - enhanced here
Town boundaries
1
24,000
State
EPA Region 1 - enhanced here
Water
Drainage basins
Reservoirs
River basins
1
1
1
24,000
24,000
100,000
Limited
State
State
Surface water (ponds,streams)
1
1
1
100,000
20,000
5,000
State
Limited areas
Limited areas
USGS-DLG
Surface water classifications
1
100,000
Winooski.River
basin only
Wellhead protection areas
1
24,000
State
Wells (community)
Wetlands
1
80,000
70X of state
National Wetlands Complexes only
Wildlife
Rare and endangered species
Wildlife habitats
1
1
24,000
24,000
State
30% of state
VT-OCIS
Backgroun
7.5' quad boundaries
DIG tile boundaries
?
?
STATE
STATE
State
State
Orthophoto boundaries
1:
5,000
STATE
State
Earth
Elevation DEN
1:
5,000
VT-0P4
Chittenden county
except along borders
Hydrography
1:
100,000
VT-0LG
State
1:
20,000
V ^16
Chittenden,
Single line surface waters (no take or po -oundaries).
s
H
t)
Pป
rt
H
O
P
-------
^eV^^G^l^ Organizati
Data Layer
on - PAGE 14
Organization Data
Reference r
ype
Source
Scale
Data
Accuracy
1:24,000
poor
good
POINT
1:2,000,000
good
1:125,000
good
1:24,000
good
1:24,000
good
1:24,000
good
1:24,000
good
1:24,000
good
1:25,000
good
1:250,000
poor
POINT
poor
POINT
fair
POINT
good
1:24,000
good
1:24,000
good
1:24,000
good
1:48,000
accurate
1:62,500
fair
1:25,000
Fair
1:2,000,000
good
1:24,000
good
1:24,000
draft
1:2,000,000
POINT
good
POINT
good
1:24.000
Good
POINT
good
1:100,000
Generally?
1:125,000
1:125,000
Fair
1:24,000
Poor
1:24,000
Good
POINT
good
POINT
good
1:24,000
Good
Tile
Unit
Population
Postal carrier routes
State boundaries
Town boundaries
Zip code centroids
Sample Ozone monitoring stations
Precipitation monitoring
Uater Aquifers
Coast!ine
Dans
Hydrotogic Unit Codes
Monitoring wells
Public water supply
River basins
Supply wells
Water supply watersheds
ata
xtent Additional Comments
Passamodquoddy/Town
ME, Passatnoquoddy/PP From EPA.
Region I From U.S. Census. Includes pop 90, town, density.
Region I From MARF U.S. Census. Includes population 70 through
Region I
NH
16 quads NH
CT
ME, 2 quads
Rl
VT.31
MA
VT51 0
Region I
Region I & II
CT
2 quads, ME
Plymouth, MA
State of Rl
MA
2 quads Maine
Rfti Jiar ae"
Region I
Rl 12 quads
VT 31 quads
EPA Region I
NH, 16 quads
Rl 2 quads
Connecticut
NH, 16 quads
Mass.
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Lake Champlain, VT
Rhode Island
NH, 16 quads
States of Rl, NH
New Hampshire
From USGS/EPA. Includes fips, county, state.
From UNH. Includes name, fips, rpa.
From UNH. Includes name.
From CT DEP. Includes name, county.
From USGS/EPA.
FromURI. Includes name, fips, county.
From EPA.
From MAGIS. Includes name, fips, county.
From VT/AMR. lnlcudes towmame.
From GDT/EPA HO. Includes zip.
From Airs. Includes id, 1987, 1988 data.
From CT DEP. Includes name, ntnber, status.
From ME USGS. Includes <,> SO gpm.
From EPA.
From RIGIS. Includes name.
From MA EOEA. Includes type, yield.
From ME USGS.
NOAA coastline for Mass. Bay area and Portland, ME area.
From USGS/EPA. Includes name.
From URI.
From VT/ANR. Includes dam name, town.
Hydrologic Unit Code boundaries coded with HUC ID number.
From WGP, R1. Includes many.
From EPA.
Surface water supplies in Connecticut.
k85KiฐW! tf^ffcludes many attributes.
Major basins and subbasins for Massachusetts coded with
basin names.
Major basins and subbasins for Connecticut coded with
basin number.
Major basins for' New Hampshire coded with basin names.
Mejpr. basins and subbasins in the Lake Champlain area coded
with basin name and basin ntntoer?
Major basins and subbasins for Rhode Island coded with
basin code nunber.
From WGP, Rl.
CPS collected. Includes PUS ID nunber.
UatersbM^ 'nr New Hmpsh<>ป '"ted Hydr~'Uni*
-------
?SSfeV??4i?^iS3SGfStSi?|U|y Organization - PAGE 16
Organization Data Source
Reference Type Data Layer Scale
Data
Accuracy
1:5,000
Hypsography (elevation contours)
1:5,000
Lakes
1:100,000
Soi Is
1:20,000
Haz
Hazardous waste sites
1:25,000
Pollutions sources
1:63,360
Infra
RaiI roads
1:100,000
Roads
1:100,000
Transmission lines
1:100,000
Transportation
1:20,000
Land Use
Managed areas
?
Pol Bound County boundaries
1:250,000
Regional environmental districts
1:250,000
Regional Planning Commission
1:250,000
Town boundaries
1:24,000
1:250,000
1:62,500
Water
Buffered wellhead prot areas
1:25,000
Lake/pond drainage basins
1:25,000
River drainage basins
?
Water supply watersheds
1:25,000
Wellhead protection areas
1:25,000
Wells (community)
1:25,000
Wetlands
1:24,000
Wildlife
Endangered invertebrate species
1:25,000
Endangered natural cooraunities
1:25,000
Endangered plant species
1:25,000
Endangered vertebrate species
1:25,000
Rare and endangered species
1:25,000
Tile
Unit
Data
Ex
Extent Additional Conments
franklin. Grand Isle from 1:20,000 orthophotos.
ft!tian3; ftXRSfc
Chittenden Cotrtty^
except along Doundar
State
SttKi. cty
State
State
State
State
State
franJf?nfnfirand Isle
State
State
State
State
ฃ3tii3: 8ftฎ
State
State
State
State
State
State
State
State
State
State
State
State
State
VT-OP12
VT-OP4
STATE
VT-0P16
STATE
STATE
VT-DLG
VT-DLG
VT-DLG
VT-0P16
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
VT-DLG
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
STATE
Pre-release of lakes and ponds drainage basins.
For delineated wellhead protection areas
Subset of endangered species coverage.
Subset of endangered species coverage.
Subset of endangered species coverage.
Subset of endangered species coverage.
-------
"fS6feVS?MCaปa.SagSi?,K5 Organization - PAGE 4
VERMONT
Organization Data
Reference Type
Data Layer
Source
Scale
Data
Accuracy
Tile
Unit
VT-ANR Infra Roads
Land Use Publically owned lands
Recreation facilities
Pol Bound TIGER (reprocessed)
1:5,000
1:24,000
Data
Ex
Extent Additional Coonents
State Orthophoto - from OGIS
State Part of SCORP effort (due 1993)
&
O
ฆ
M
O
6
ฉ
o.
0
H
01
a
pi
rr
P>
tr
o
*
IQ
H
pi
ft
H-
o
-------
bl
3: ed
IS
:a
0r_
Zci 1
?&fe40^iU&ฐ8?SC8
talogue
ata By Organization -
PAGE 3
ฆsaw
Organization
Reference
Data
Type
Data Layer
tฃfee
Data
Accuracy
Tile
Unit
Data
Extent
Additional Comments
recompiled before digitizing.
NEU HAMPSHIRE
:ssE8S83sssaa
Organization
Reference
Qata
ซype
Data Layer
Source
Scale
Qata
Accuracy
&\t
Data
Extent
Additional Comnents
NH-CSRC
Air
Forest cover; forest
type
1:24,000
OUAD7.5
State
Current project in Coos County is developing this data,
however future finding to increase coverage does not exist
Earth
Elevation - DEN
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
State
Statewide coverage needed, however not all quads are
available.
Land Use
Land cover
Land use
1:24,000
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
QUAD7.5
State
Water
Aquifers
1:24,000
NMAS
OUAD7.5
State
NH-DES
Infra
Sewer service areas
1:24,000
?
None
This layer will contain the extent of areas served by.ptfeli
Sewer a& well as the collection system and treatment fact 11
les. Data on population served, etc. will be Included.
Uater
Aquifers
1:24,000
QUAD7.S
State
Completed statewide aquifer data layer.
Wetlands
1:24,000
?
?
None
Wet lends mapping has been completed fpr entire State by the
US Msn anoUilalife service. It Is Being considered for
automation.
NH-OSP
Land Use
Zoning
QUAD7.S
None
Regional Planning Agencies may contribute zoning districts.
RHODE ISLAND
Organization
Reverence
Data
Type
Data Layer
Data
Accuracy
Tile
Unit
Data
Extent
Additional Comments
RI-EOC
Backgroun Orthophoto images
State
^ould like orthophoto images as background to ARC/INFO
Land Use
Land use
1:24.000
State
VfiUld like updated land use - current land use is from
ivSa aerial photos.
Pol Bound TIGER (reprocessed)
State
Would like caqplete address-matched roads for the state.
RI-NBP
Earth
Bathymetry
Sample
Marine sediment sampling
Wildlife
Marine Finfish
Marine Invertebrates
Marine microphytes
-
Updates beyond the first base line data will be needed.
Updates beyond the first base line data will be needed.
Updates beyond the first base line data will ne needed.
RI-OEC
Land Use
Land use
1:24.000
State
Need updated land use for Non-point source program.
UNITED STATES - FEDERAL
SSS3S3ECS3l3ซnCSSCBCCฃ3
VERMONT
Oraanization
Reverence
Data
Type
Data Layer
Source
Scale
Data
Accuracy
Tile
Unit
Data
Extent
Additional Comments
VI-AMR
Air
Air quality
Forest cover; forest
type
Backgroun USGS reference marks
Priority 27, status 0 on Heeds Analysis Sumary Table.
Earth
Hydrography
Surficial geology
Priority 27, status 1 on Heeds Analysis Sinmary Tabic.
-------
l2bfe*0*S?iee3eiฐCIS 61*1ฐ$'Orgsniiatiofv- PACE A
?"?vr??r $?!?.
Haz Landfills
Underground storage tanks 1:5,000
Infra Drainage
Roads
Land Use Archaeoligical sites
Historic sites
Land cover
Land use
Protected areas
State owned lands
Pol Bound Census tracts
Zip code boundaries
Saople St rem gaging
Water Aquifers
Floodplains
Groundwater classifications
Surface water classifications
Water sijiply watersheds
Wells (private)
)ata
Extent Additional Coonents
State Using GPS; conversion to GIS not funded.
NPOES, CSO's
Priority 27, status 1 on Needs Analysis Sumary Table.
Priority 27, status 1 on Needs Analysis Sunnary Table.
Other than Winooski
River basin
-------
NEUMOA
Data & Applications Catalogue
Version 3.01.03
02/12/92
3:58 PM
Table D-4:Existing GIS Data by Data Layer
Org Source Data Tile Data
>>P
STATE
State
RI-NBP
POINT
state
RI-NBP
CT-NRC
1:100,000
Long Island Sound
VT-OGIS
1:5,000
STATE
State
MA-EOEAO
1:25,000
STATE
state
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
State
MA-BBP
POINT
Buzzards Bay
MA-EOEA
MA-EOEAO
1:25,000
QUA07.5
selected quads
MA-MURA
NMA
HARBOR
Boston Harbor
ME-GS
1:250,000
125m
QUAD250
One quad
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
?
Bathymetry for 2 waterbodies in NH
RI-EDC
POINT
Narragansett Bay
CT-NRC
1:24,000
10% of state
CT-NRC
1:125,000
10X of state
MA-MURA
1:25,000
NMA
Four quadrangle area
ME-B0PC
ME-GS
1:62,500
32m
QUAD15
Few quads completed
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
Few quads completed
ME-OGIS
1:500,000
State
NH-CSRC
1:250,000
STATE
State
NH-OSP
1:250,000
STATE
100X of State
RI-EDC
1:125,000
NMAS
?
State
US-EPAI
1:250,000
Generalized
?
Mass.
US-EPAI
1:250,000
accurate
MA
VT-ANR
1:24,000
limited
US-EPAI
1:62,500
poor
ME 2 quads
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
MA-EOEA
1:25,000
ME-GS
1:62,500
32m
QUAD15
Several quads
ME-GS
POINT
10,000m
REGION
Regional
US-EPAI
POINT
good
Region 1,11 & Eastern Canada
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
MA-EOEAD
1:250,000
NMA
state
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
189 25k quads
MA-EOEAD
1:250,000
28 unique grid
MA-MURA
1:250,000
NMA
State
ME-DEP
1:24,000
Fore River watershed in progress
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
NH-OSP
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
15 quadrangles
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD 7.5
5 partial quads
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
CT
VT-OGIS
1:5,000
VT-OP4
Chittenden county except along bori
US-EPAI
1:150,000
poor
CT
US-EPAI
1:1,000,000
fair
Region I
CT-NRC
1:250,000
State
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table D-4:Existing GIS Data by Data Layer
Data
Type Data Layer
- PAGE 2
Org Source Data Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/92
3:58 PM
Data
Extent
Glacial deposits
US-EPAI
1:24,000
draft
RI 12 quads
Hydrography
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
5 panels
MA-MURA
1:100,000
NMA
BASIN
State
MA-USGS
1:24,000
NMAS
Cape-wide
ME-BOPC
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
State
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
30-50% of state
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
OH AD 7.5
60% of state
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
0UA07.5
State
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
CT, 30 quads
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
ME, 2 quads
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
RI
US-EPAI
1:100,000
good
Region I
US-EPAI
1:2,000,000
good
Region I
VT-ANR
1:100,000
State
VT-ANR
1:20,000
Limited areas
VT-AMR
1:5,000
Limited areas
VT-OGIS
1:20,000
VT-0P16
Chittenden, Franklin, Grand Isle
VT-OGIS
1:100,000
VT-OLG
State
VT-OGIS
1:5,000
VT-OP12
Addison, Orange, Rutland, Windham
Hydrography (detailed)
CT-NRC
1:100,000
State
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
Hydrography (subset)
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
Hypsography (elevation contours)
CT-NRC
1:24,000
2* of state (Bound Brook, Ellington)
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
189 25k quads
MA-USGS
1:250,000
Cape Cod
ME-BOH
QUAD15
US-EPAI
1:2,000,000
fair
Region I
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
ME, 2 quads
VT-OGIS
1:5,000
VT-OP4
Chittenden County except along boundary
Lakes
VT-OGIS
1:100,000
STATE
State
Metamorphic geology
ME-OG1S
1:1,000,000
State
Mineral resources
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
VT 31 quads
Photo-lineament
ME-GS
1:100,000
50m
QUAD100
Lincoln, Lewiston
Quaternary geology
CT-NRC
1:80,000
State
Sand dunes
ME-GS
1:4,800
5m
TOWN
Sand beaches
Slope
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
OUAD7.5
Same extent as DEM data
RI-EDC
1:24,000
OUAD7.5
Soi Is
CT-NRC
1:250,000
State
MA-MURA
1:25,000
NMA
Four quadrangle area
ME-BOPC
ME-DEP
1:24,000
Fore River watershed - in progress
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
Approximately 10% of state
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD 7.5
Carrol I,Grafton,Rockingham,Strafford Co
NH-OSP
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
About 2/5 of the State
RI-EDC
1:15,840
QUAD7.5
State
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
24 quads in Vermont
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
ME, 2 quads
VT-ANR
1:20,000
COUNTY
7 Counties
VT-OGIS
1:20,000
VT-0P16
Addison, Orage, Rutland, Uindham ctys
Stratified drift
CT-NRC
1:125,000
State
US-EPAI
1:125,000
Generalized
?
Connecticut
Surficial geology
CT-NRC
1:125,000
State
CT-NRC
1:24,000
75X of state
MA-EOEAD
1:125,000
3 250K quads
MA-EOEAD
1:250,000
3 panels, statewide
MA-MURA
1:25,000
NMA
Four quadrangle area
ME-BOPC
ME-OGIS
1:250,000
QUAD250
State
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUA07.5
6 quads
NH-OSP
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
6 quadrangles
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
?
State
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
ME 2 quads
Tidal flats
MA-EOEA
Above ground storage tanks
RI-OEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
state
Ash disposal sites
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
CERCLIS sites
RI-OEC
Dry cleaning facilities
RI-OEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
state
Hazardous waste sites
US-EPAI
?
VT, 31 quads
VT-OGIS
1:25,000
STATE
State
LandfiI Is
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table D-4:Existing GIS Data by Data Layer
Data
Type Data Layer
- PAGE 3
Org Source Data Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/92
3:58 PM
Data
Extent
MA-MURA
ME-DEP
POINT
Fore River watershed
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
OUAD7.5
10X of state
NH-OES
1:24,000
200 ft.
?
90% of State
RI-DEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
state
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
POINT
fair
CT
US-EPAI
POINT
fair
Com.
US-EPAI
POINT
fair
RI
US-EPAI
POINT
fair
States of CTf/Rl
Leaking USTs
RI-DEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
state
Marine fisheries sanitary survey MA-BBP
Misc. hazardous waste site
RI-DEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
state
NPOES outfalls
MA-BBP
POINT
unknown
Buzzards Bay
US-EPAI
POINT
good
NH, 16 quads
US-EPAI
POINT
good
Blackstone Basin
Oil spill sites
RI-NBP
Polluted wells
CT-MRC
1:48,000
State
Pollutions sources
CT-MRC
1:50,000
State
NH-DES
1:24,000
~- 200 ft.
?
90% of State
US-EPAI
?
poor
VT, 31 quads
VT-OGIS
1:63,360
STATE
State
RCRA facilities
US-EPAI
Fair
?
EPA Region I
RCRA generators
US-EPAI
Fair
?
EPA Region I
RCRA storage facailities
US-EPAI
Fair
?
EPA Region I
RCRA treatment,storage,disposal
US-EPAI
Varied
STATE
EPA Region I
Sand/salt piles
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
10% of state
RI-DEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
state
Spill sites
RI-OEC
Surface impoundments
RI-DEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
state
Undergrnd injection control site
RI-DEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD 7.5
state
Underground storage tanks
CT-MRC
MA-MURA
ME-DEP.
POINT
POINT
State
Watersheds
Fore River watershed
NH-OES
1:24,000
~- 200 ft.
?
90% of State
RI-DEMGU
1:24,000
QUAD 7.5
state (except Block Island)
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
Fair
?
Connecticut
"Se^nents" data
MA-BBP
1:25,000
NMA
Buzzards Bay
Aqueducts
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
STATE
state
BuiIdfngs
ME-DEP
RI-EDC
1:2,400
?
Camp Ellis
University of Rhode Island campus
Combined Sewer Overflows
MA-BBP
unknown
New Bedford Harbor
Dredged channels
RI-NBP
Electric
Rl-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
State
Gas
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
State
Pipelines
HA-EOEAD
1:100,000
STATE
state
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
30-50% of state
NH-OSP
1:24,000
NMAS
QUA07.5
41 quads
Power generating facilities
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
RaiI roads
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
STATE
state
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
30-50% of state
NH-OSP
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
41 quads
US-EPAI
1:100,000
good
Region I
US-EPAI
1:25,000
good
MA, 4 quads
VT-OGIS
1:100,000
VT-DLG
State
Rights of Way
MA-DFA
1:25,000
~- 100 ft.
Part of Plymouth/Barnstable counties
Roads
CT-NRC
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
1:100,000
State
189 25k quads
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
STATE
state
MA-MURA
1:100,000
NMA
OUAD7.5
State
ME-BOH
ME-BOPC
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
30-50% of state
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
NH-CSRC
1:100,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
State
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
60% of state
NH-OSP
1:24,000
NMAS
OUAD7.5
41 quads
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD 7. S
State
RI-OEC
Region I
US-EPAI
1:2,000,000
good
-------
Data 4 Applications Catalogue
Table D-4:Existing G1S Data by Data Layer
Data
Type Data Layer
- PAGE 4
Org Source Data Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/9
3:58 Ptr
Data
Extent
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
RI
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
ME, 2 quads
US-EPAI
1:100,000
good
Region I
VT-ANR
1:100,000
State
VT-OGIS
1:100,000
VT-DLG
State
Roads and trails
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
Sewage treatment plants
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
Sewer
MA-MWRA
MA-USGS
1:100,000
NMAS
Cape-wide
RI-EDC
NMAS
QUAD7.5
State
RI-OEC
Sewer service areas
CT-NRC
MA-MWRA
1:24,000
State
MA-USGS
1:100,000
NMAS
Cape-wide
ME-DEP
POINT
95X
Portland, South Portland, Westbrook
NH-CSRC
1:125,000
STATE
State
NH-OES
1:125,000
?
?
State
TraiIs
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
30-50* of state
Transmission lines
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
30-50* of state
VT-OGIS
1:100,000
VT-DLG
State
Transportation
VT-OGIS
1:20,000
VT-0P16
Chittenden, Franklin, Grand Isle
Water
MA-MURA
RI-OEC
Water service areas
CT-NRC
MA-MWRA
1:24,000
STATE
State
MWRA Service Area
NH-CSRC
1:125,000
STATE
State
NH-OES
1:125,000
?
State
NH-DES
1:24,000
?
?
Very limited
Archaeoligical sites
NH-OSP
1:24,000
Very limited
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
STATE
State
Areas of critcal env. concern
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
STATE
state
Farmland
CT-NRC
1:24,000
80% of state
US-EPAI
1:24,000
fair
ME, 2 quads
Golf courses
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
Historic sites
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
STATE
State
Land cover
NH-CSRC
RI-OEC
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
Coos County
Land use
CT-NRC
1:24,000
3% of state (4 quads at level 3 detail)
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
TOWN
351 towns
MA-HBP
1:25,000
MA-MWRA
1:25,000
TOWN
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
very partial coverage
NH-OSP
1:24,000
?
OUAD7.5
7 full quads, 24 partial quads
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD 7.5
State
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
?
?
Most of Rhode Island
US-EPAI
1:24,000
Good
f
2 quads in Connecticut?
Land use/land/cover
US-EPAI
30M
unknown
24 quads in NH
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
State of MA
Managed areas
VT-OGIS
?
STATE
State
Municipally owned lands
CT-NRC
1:24,000
15X of state
Open space
US-EPAI
1:24,000
iriknown
State of RI
Population or pop density
MA-USGS
VT-ANR
Nation
Privately owned land
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
Protected areas
MA-EOEAD
MA-USGS
RI-OEC
1:25,000
1:24,000
GRPCNTY
6 panels
Cape-wide
US-EPAI
1:62,500
poor
NH
US-EPAI
1:25,000
accurate
MA
Publically owned lands
MA-MWRA
1:25,000
BASIN
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUA07.5
partial coverage of Coos County
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
State
RI-OEC
Recreation facilities
RI-EDC
Some towns
State owned lands
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
US-EPAI
1:24,0CC
uiknown
State of CT
TIGER data
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
TOWN
351 towns
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
COUNTY
14 counties
Zoning
CT-NRC
5OX of state
-------
lata & Applications Catalogue
!abte D-4:Existing GIS Data by Data layer
Oata
Type Data layer
PAGE 5
Org Source Oata Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/92
3:58 PM
Data
Extent
MA-MURA
Census tracts
NH-CSRC
1:100,000
NMAS
OUAP7.5
Raw TIGER for entire State.
RI-EDC
1:100,000
NMAS
Partial coverage
County bouidaries
CT-NRC
1:250,000
State
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
STATE
state
MA-MURA
1:25,000
NMA
STATE
State
ME-BOH
QUAD7.5
ME-BOPC
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
30-50% of state
HH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD?.5
60% of state
US-EPAI
1:2,000,000
good
Region I
VT-AHR
1:24,000
State
VT-OGIS
1:250,000
STATE
State
Indian reservations
US-EPAI
1:24,000
poor
ME, Houlton Malisett
US-EPAI
1:24,000
poor
CT, Mashantucket Pequot
US-EPAI
1:24,000
poor
ME, Passanoquoddy/PP
US-EPAI
1:24,000
poor
ME, Passamodquoddy/Town
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
MA, Wampanoag
Political boundaries
ME-OGIS
1:500,000
Political districts
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
60% of state
NH-OSP
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
41 quads
Population
US-EPAI
POINT
Region I
US-EPAI
good
Region I
Postal carrier routes
US-EPAI
Regional environmental districts VT-OGIS
1:250,000
STATE
State
Regional Planning Comnission
CT-MRC
1:250,000
State
MA-EOEAO
1:25,000
STATE
state
VT-OGIS
1:250,000
STATE
State
Senate districts
MA-EOEAO
1:25,000
STATE
state
State botridaries
MA-MWRA
1:25,000
NMA
STATE
State
ME-BOH
QUAD7.5
,
ME-BOPC
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
35-50% of state
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
OUAD7.5
60% of state
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
STATE
State
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
1:2,000,000
good
Region I
VT-ANR
1:24,000
State
TIGER (reprocessed)
MA-MWRA
1:100,000
NMA
Service area
RI-EDC
1:100,000
NMAS
partial coverage
Town boundaries
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
CT-MRC
1:250,000
State
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
STATE
state
MA-MURA
1:25,000
NMA
STATE
State
ME-BOH
QUAD7.5
ME-BOPC
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
30-50% of state
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
STATE
State
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
VT,31
US-EPAI
1:250,000
poor
VT31 0
US-EPAI
1:125,000
good
NH
US-EPAI
1:25,000
good
MA
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
ME, 2 quads
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
16 quads NH
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
CT
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
RI
VT-ANR
1:24,000
State
VT-OGIS
1:250,000
STATE
State
VT-OGIS
1:62,500
STATE
State
VT-OGIS
1:24,000
STATE
Addison, Orange, Rutland,
Zip code boundaries
MA-EOEAD
1:2,000,000
STATE
state
Zip code centroids
US-EPAI
POINT
poor
Region I
Marine sediment sampling
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
OUAD7.5
5% of coast
RI-EDC
POINT
Narragansett Bay
Ozone monitoring stations
US-EPAI
POINT
fair
Region I & II
Precipitation monitoring
CT-NRC
US-EPAI
POINT . ...#ood ... .
CT
Sediment Chemistry
MA-EOEA
QUAD7.5
Soil boring sampling
RI-EDC
1:15,840
NMAS
State
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table D-4:Existing GIS Oata by Data Layer
Data
Type Data Layer
- PAGE 6
Org Source Data Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/92
3:58 PM
Oata
Extent
Uater
Stream gaging
MA-MWRA
POINT
STATE
Service area watershed
MA-USGS
NMAS
State
NH-OES
STATE
State
SUUDS
HA-USGS
NMAS
State
Uater quality
MA-BBP
POINT
unknown
Buzzards Bay
MA-USGS
NMAS
State
Uater quality monitoring network CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
Aquifer protection areas
CT-NRC
1:24,000
10X of state
Aqui fers
CT-NRC
1:125,000
State
MA-EOEAD
1:48,000
BASIN
25 panels
MA-MURA
BASIN
ME-BOPC
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
10X of state
ME-OGIS
1:50,000
QUAD50
State
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
Nashua, Lamprey, Exeter
NH-DES
1:24,000
7
QUAD 7.5
27 quadrangles
US-EPAI
1:62,500
fair
2 quads Maine
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
2 quads, ME
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
Plymouth, MA
US-EPAI
1:48,000
accurate
MA
US-r3AI
1:24,000
good
State of RI
Buffered wellhead prot areas
RI-rDC
1:24,000
?
State
VT-OGIS
1:25,000
STATE
State
Coastal uater use
RI-NBP
Coastal wetlands
NH-OSP
1:24,000
?
QUAD7.5
About 4 quads on coast
Coastline
US-EPAI
1:25,000
Fair
?
Mass. Bay and Portland, ME
Dams
NH-DES
1:24,000
~- 100 ft.
STATE
State
US-EPAI
1:2,000,000
good
Region I
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
Rl 12 quads
US-EPAI
1:24,000
draft
VT 31 quads
Drainage basins
CT-NRC
1:250,000
State
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
MA-BBP
1:25,000
unknown
Buzzards Bay drainage basin
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
STATE
state
MA-MBP
1:25,000
Cape Code Bay watershed
MA-MURA
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
State
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
State
NH-DES
1:24,000
?
BASIN
100% of State
Rl-NBP
1:24,000
140ft
Marragansett Bay
VT-ANR
1:24,000
Lioited
Drainage sub-basins
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
GRPBAS1N
4 panels
Floodplains
ME-BOPC
ME-OEP
1:2,400
Canp Ellis
RI-EDC
7
Groundwater classifications
RI-DEMGU
1:24,000
Groundwater recharge areas
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
STATE
State
Groundwater reservoirs
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
STATE
State
Hydrologic Unit Codes
US-EPAI
1:2,000,000
?
EPA Region I
Lake/pond drainage basins
VT-OGIS
1:25,000
STATE
State
Major drainage basins
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
State
Monitoring wells
MA-USGS
NMAS
State
US-EPAI
POINT
good
RI 2 quads
US-EPAI
POINT
good
NH, 16 quads
Ponds
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
GRPBASIN
5 panels
Public water supply
CT-NRC
1:250,000
State
NH-DES
1:24,000
?
QUAD7.5
More than half of State
US-EPAI
1:24,000
Good
>
Connecticut
US-EPAI
POINT
good
NH, 16 quads
Reservoirs
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
MA-MWRA
MA-USGS
1:250,000
Nation
RI-OEC
VT-ANR
1:24,000
State
River basins
MA-MURA
ME-GS
1:500,000
250m
STATE
State
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
1:125,000
?
Connecticut
US-EPAI
1:125,000
Fair
>
New Hampshire
US-EPAI
1:100,000
Generally?
7
Mass.
US-EPAI
1:24,000
Good
?
Rhode Island
US-EPAI
1:24,000
Poor
?
Lake Champlain, VT
VT-ANR
1:100,000
State
-------
)ata & Applications Catalogue
Table D-4:Existing GIS Data by Data Layer
Oata
Type Data Layer
PAGE 7
Org Source Data Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/92
3:58 PM
Data
Extent
River drainage basins
VT-OGIS
?
STATE
State
Snow survey results
ME-GS
50m
STATE
State
Sole source aquifers
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
STATE
state
MA-USGS
1:24,000
RI-EDC
1:24,000
State
Streams
CT-NRC
1:250,000
State
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
GRPBASIN
5 panels
Sub-drainage basins
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
?
State
Supply wells
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
STATE
state
MA-USGS
NMAS
State
US-EPAI
POINT
good
NH, 16 quads
US-EPA1
POINT
good
States of Rl, NH
Surface water (ponds,streams)
ME-BOH
QUAD7.5
ME-BOPC
VT-ANR
1:100,000
State
VT-ANR
1:20,000
Limited areas
VT-ANR
1:5,000
Limited areas
Surface water classifications
VT-ANR
1:100,000
Uinooskt River basin only
Water diversions
CT-NRC
1:24,000
25X of state
Water quality classifications
CT-NRC
1:24,000
20% of state
Water supply watersheds
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
MA-MURA
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
QUAD 7.5
State
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
State
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
1:24,000
Good
?
New Hampshire
US-EPAI
1:24,000
unknown
State of CT
VT-OGIS
1:25,000
STATE
State
Wellhead protection areas
MA-EOEAD
1:25,000
STATE
state
MA-MURA
MA-USGS
1:24,000
VT-ANR
1:24,000
State
VT-OGIS
1:25,000
STATE
State
Wells (community)
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
MA-MURA
POINT
STATE
State
MA-USGS
1:24,000
Southeast Mass.
ME-GS
POINT
100m
TOWN
10X of state
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
50X of state
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
?
State
US-EPAI
POINT
good
NH 16 quads
US-EPAI
POINT
good
CT
US-EPAI
POINT
excellent
MA
VT-ANR
VT-OGIS
1:25,000
STATE
State
Wells (Ind, Ag, Cornner)
MA-MURA
ME-GS
POINT
100m
TOWN
10X of state
Wells (non-conmnity)
MA-MURA
ME-GS
POINT
100m
TOWN
10X of state
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUA07.5
50% of state
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
1 town
US-EPAI
POINT
good
NH, 16 quads
Wells (private)
MA-MURA
MA-USGS
1:24,000
Eastham
ME-GS
POINT
100m
TOWN
10% of state
US-EPAI
POINT
good
ME, 2 quads
Wetlands
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State
MA-EOEAD
1:100,000
STATE
state
ME-BOPC
ME-OEP
1:24,000
York - in progress
ME-OGIS
1:100,000
QUAD100
State
ME-OGIS
1:250,000
QUAD250
State
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
24 quadrangles
NH-OSP
1:24,000
30m pixel sz
QUAD 7.5
24 quadrangles
RI-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
State
RI-OEC
US-EPAI
1:24,000
good
VT, 18 quads
US-EPAI
1:24,000
Good
?
Rhode Island
VT-ANR
1:80,000
70S of state
VT-OGIS
1:24,000
VT-DLG
QUAD16 tiles 11-15,21,23,:
Eelgrass beds
MA-BBP
1:25,000
very poor
Buzzards Bay
Endangered invertebrate species
VT-OGIS
1:25,0D0 ..
STATE
State
Endangered natural communities
VT-OGIS
1:25,000
STATE
State
Endangered plant species
VT-OGIS
1:25,000
STATE
State
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table 0-4:Existing GIS Oata by Oata Layer
Data
Type Oata Layer
- PAGE 8
Org Source Oata Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/92
3:58 P*
Oata
Extent
Endangered vertebrate species
Rare and endangered species
Shellfish areas
UiIdlife habitats
VT-OGIS
CT-NRC
ME-DEP
NH-OSP
Rt-EDC
US-EPAI
VT-ANR
VT-OGIS
CT-NRC
MA-BBP
ME-DEP
RI-NBP
VT-ANR
1:25,000
1:24,000
POINT
1:24,000
1:24,000
?
1:24,000
1:25,000
1:24,000
1:25,000
POINT
1:4,800
1:24,000
NMAS
NMA
STATE State
80% of state
Casco Bay watershed
QUAD7.5 State
STATE State
VT, 31 quads
State
STATE State
20X of state
Buzzards Bay
Casco Bay watershed
30X of state
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NEUHOA
i Data ft Applications Catalogue
Version 3.01.03
02/12/92
4:07 PM
Table D-5:Planned
GIS Data
by Data
Layer
Org
Source
Oata
Tile
Data
Oata layer
Reference Scale
Accuracy
Unit
Extent
Air
Forest cover; forest type
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
Coos County
Ozone study
ME-DEP
Earth
Bathymetry
MA-MBP
MA & Cape Cod Bays, Merrimack Enfeayment
ME-GS
1:250,000
123m
QUAD7.5
Bedrock geology
ME-GS
1:62,500
32M
0UAD7.5
ME-GS ฆ
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
Coastal segmentation
MA-MBP
From NH border to Provincetown
Coastal zones
ME-GS
1:62,500
32m
QUAD7.5
Earthquake epicenters
ME-GS
POINT
10,000m
REGION
Regional
Hydrography
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
40X of State
Hydrography (network)
CT-NRC
1:24,000
QUAD 7.5
Hypsography (elevation contours)
ME-BOH
QUAD 7.5
Soi Is
CT-NRC
1:15,840
None completed
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
Hillsborough, Coos, Cheshire Counties
Haz
CERCLIS sites
CT-NRC
1:24,000
Landfills
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
NPOES outfalls
MA-MBP
Selected embayments only
Pollutions sources
NH-DES
1:24,000
~- 100 ft.
QUAD7.5
None
RCRA facilities
CT-NRC
1:24,000
Sand/salt piles
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
SARA sites
CT-NRC
1:24,000
Spill sites
CT-NRC
1:24,000
Underground storage tanks
CT-NRC
1:24,000
ME-DEP
POINT
Fore River watershed
Infra
Combined Sewer Overflows
MA-MBP
Selected eirbeyments only
Roads
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
40X of state
VT-ANR
1:5,000
State
Stormdrains
MA-MBP
Selected eirbayments only
Lp-* use
Farmland
ME-BOPC
QUAD7.5
4 quads in Aroostook County
Historic sites
NH-OSP
1:24,000
None
Land cover
ME-DEP
1:24,000
Fore River watershed
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
NH-OSP
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
None
Land use
CT-NRC
30 meters
State
ME-DEP
1:24,000
Fore River watershed
Population or pop density
MA-MWRA
Publically owned lands
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
NH-OSP
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
None
VT-ANR
Recreation facilities
NH-OSP
1:24,000
None
VT-ANR
1:24,000
State
Zoning
ME-DEP
1:2,400
Fore River watershed, Harspwell
Miscellan Miscellaneous comment
ME-OGIS
Pol Bound
County boundaries
CT-NRC
1:24,000
*
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
40X of state
Political districts
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUA07.5
40% of state
Regional Planning Commission
CT-NRC
1:24,000
State boundaries
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
4OX of state
TIGER (reprocessed)
VT-ANR
Town boundaries
CT-NRC
1:24,000
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
Sample
Marine sediment sampling
CT-NRC
1:80,000
MA-MBP
ME-DEP
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
Water quality
MA-B8P
POINT
unknown
Buzzards Bay
Water
Aquifers
ME-GS
1:24,000
12m
QUAD7.5
Drainage sub-basins
MA-MBP
Selected enbayments only
NPOES sites
CT-NRC
1:24,000
Public water supply
CT-NRC
1:24,000
Water quality and circulation
MA-MBP
Mass and Cape Cod Bays
Wellhead protection areas
ME-BOPC
Rt-EDC
1:24,000
NMAS
wells (comnunity)
ME-BOH
POINT
GPS
ME-GS
POINT
100m
TOWN
Wells (Ind, Ag, Conner)
ME-GS
POINT
100m
TOWN
Wells (non-comnunity)
ME-BOH
POINT
GPS
ME-GS .
h rot NT
100m
TOWN
Wells (private)
ME-GS '
POINT
100m
TOWN
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table D-5:Planned GIS Data by Data Layer -
Data
Type Data Layer
PAGE 2
Org Source Data Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/S
4:07 F
Data
Extent
Wetlands
Wildlife Living resources
Rare and endangered species
Wildlife habitats
NH-CSRC
MA-MBP
HE-BOPC
ME-DEP
ME-OEP
NH-OSP
1:24,000
POINT
1:24,000
NMAS
0UAD7.5 State
Selected entoayments only
Casco Bay watershed
Casco Bay watershed
QUAD?'. 5 None
-------
NEUMOA
Data ft Applications Catalogue
Version 3.01.03
02/12/92
4:09 Ptt
Table D-6:Needed GIS Data by Data Layer
Org Source Data Tile Data
Data Layer Reference Scale Accuracy Unit Extent
Air
Earth
az
lfra
Land Use
pie
Air quality
VT-ANR
Forest cover; forest type
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
OUAD7.5
State
VT-ANR
Pesticides
ME-BOPC
Land base map
MA-H8P
1:5,000
Orthopfioto images
RI-EDC
State
USGS reference marks
VT-ANR
Bathymetry
MA-MURA
Gulf of Maine
ME-OGIS
POINT
1:24,000
RI-NBP
Elevation - DEM
MA-MURA
MWRA Service Area
ME-OEP
All but North Central Maine
ME-OGIS
POINT
1:24,000
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUA07.5
State
Hydrography
MA-BBP
1:25,000
Buzzards Bay watershed
VT-ANR
Soi Is
MA-DFA
State
MA-EOEAD
ME-OGIS
Surficial geology
VT-ANR
CERCL1S sites
ME-BOH
Landfills
ME-BOH
VT-ANR
Non-point pollution sources
MA-MBP
Pesticide areas
CT-NRC
RCRA facilities
ME-BOH
Sand/salt piles
ME-BOH
Sewage disposal type
MA-MBP
Sewage lagoons
ME-BOH
Spill sites
ME-BOH
ME-BOPC
Underground storage tanks
ME-BOH
ME-DEP
POINT
Fore River watershed
VT-ANR
1:5,000
State
Drainage
VT-ANR
Railroads
ME-BOPC
Rights of Way
ME-BOPC
Roads
MA-MURA
MURA Service Area
VT-ANR
Sewer service areas
NH-DES
1:24,000
None
Archaeoligical sites
VT-ANR
Golf courses
ME-BOPC
Historic sites
VT-ANR
Land cover
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
QUAD7.5
State
VT-ANR
Land use
MA-BBP
1:25,000
Buzzards Bay watershed
MA-DFA
1:25,000
State
MA-MBP
MA-MURA
1:25,000
MURA Service Area
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
Rl-EDC
1:24,000
State
Rl-OEC
1:24,000
State
VT-ANR
Land use/Iand/cover
ME-OGIS
1:24,000
Population or pop density
MA-MBP
Protected areas
VT-ANR
State owned lands
VT-ANR
Zoning
NH-OSP
QUAD7.5
None
Census tracts
VT-ANR
TIGER (reprocessed)
RI-EDC
State
Zip code boundaries
VT-ANR
Marine sediment sanpling
MA-BBP
POINT
Buzzards Bay
MA-MBP
RI-NBP
Sediment Chemistry
MA-EOEA
Stream gaging
VT-ANR
Buzzards Bay
Water quality
MA-BBP
POINT
Aquifers
NH-CSRC
1:24,000
NMAS
QUAD7.5
State
NH-DES .
1:24,000
QUAD 7.5
State
VT-ANR
Coastal features
MA-MBP
-------
Data ฃ Applications Catalogue
Table 0-6:Needed GIS Data by Oata Layer -
Data
Type Data Layer
PAGE 2
Org Source Data Tile
Reference Scale Accuracy Unit
02/12/92
4:09 PH
Data
Extent
Coastline
MA-MBP
1:5,000
Dans
MA-MBP
Drainage basins
ME-BOH
Floodplains
MA-MBP
VT-ANR
Coast and rivers
Groundwater classifications
VT-ANR
MPOES sites
MA-MBP
Offshore base map
MA-MBP
State
Reservoirs
ME-BOH
River basins
ME-BOH
Saltwater intrusion
MA-MBP
Estuaries
Surface water classifications
VT-ANR
Other than Winooski
Volune of water flow
MA-MBP
Rivers
Water supply watersheds
ME-BOH
VT-ANR
Wellhead protection areas
ME-BOH
Wells (private)
ME-BOPC
VT-ANR
Wetlands
CT-NRC
MA-MBP
ME-OGIS
1:5,000
1:24,000
NH-DES
1:24,000
? None
Anadrotnous fish runs
MA-MBP
Living resources
MA-MBP
Marine Ffnfish
RI-NBP
Marine Invertebrates
RI-NBP
Marine macrophytes
RI-NBP
Shellfish areas
MA-BBP
MA-MBP
Buzzards Bay
-------
?ata & Applications Catalogue
able E*l:Existing GIS Applications by Organization - PAGE 5
Organization
Reference
m
l icat ion
Appl icat ion
End
User
Additional Comments
02/1
VERMONT
Reference'00 cat i on
W
VT-ANR Air Pollution
Miscellaneous
Waste Management
Water Management
VT-OGIS Miscellaneous
nd
iser
Application 5'
Air pollution emissions tracking
Oata storage and transfer
Map products
Wildlife management
Hazardous waste
Water permit/license/registratn
Watershed/wellhead protection
Wetland studies
Community growth mgmt planning
Data storage and transfer
Wildlife management State game authorities
Municipal solid waste management Several regional waste authorities
Stormwater management City government
Watershed/wellhead protection State & local government
Additional Comments
Preliminary version; un-verified
Waste Management
Water Management
Town government
VT OGIS fills role as data distributor and archive.
&
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fc&TeVStfiSS&raig'&ffStion. by Organization PAGE 2
0
am
Organization
Reference
^^licat ion
Applicat ion
f.nd
User
Additional Comnents
HE-DEP
Air Pollution
Air pollution emissions tracking AIR Bureau
The fffility and mobil emissions are currently stored in the
EPA AIRS conputer system ana are spatially referenced.
Ozone study
AIR Bureau
This study is just beginning.
Miscellaneous
Oil spill preparedness
Wildlife management
State of Maine
State of Maine
Focused on marine oil spill.
To be incorporated with oil spill preparedness.
Water Management
Marine studies
Stonnuater management
Water pollution control
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
K
e
t-
(t
HE-GS
Miscellaneous
Oil spill preparedness
Maine DEP
Provide various data for multi-agency effort.
Water Management
Aquifer mapping
State agencies, municipalities
i
Groundwater resrc characterizatn
State agencies, municipalities
Characterize quality, quantity, availability of grouidwater
resources.
IV
t
NEW HAMPSHIRE
&SSS83SSSSSSS
1-
Organization
Reference
cat ion
Application
Eser
Additional Comments
n
Mi seel laneous
Agricultural studies
Oivision of Agriculture
Awaiting hardware delivery, project,with EPA, coordinate
with Groundwater, Air & Hazardous Divisions, Water Resources
H
o
M
RI-NBP
Miscellaneous
Community growth mgmt planning
Land use planning
Municpal planners, state planning divs
Project staff, state planning divisions
a
t>
s;
UNITED STATES - FEDERAL
SEa8S8S8SSS0BSBB&856S30
c
h
Organization
Reference
^ฃj>licat ion
Application
6ฃr
Additional Comments
(Q
pi
p
US-EPA1
Waste Management
Municipal solid waste management Superfund Program
H
N
P>
rt
Water Management
Non-point source pollution
Non-point Source Program
VERMONT
p
O
P
Organization
Reference
A^jil ication
Application
6ser
Additional Comnents
VT-ANR
Miscellaneous
Data storage and transfer
VT-OGIS
Miscellaneous
Forestry planning
Socio-economic factors
Transportation
State
Legislation
Municipality & state government
Northern Forest Lands Council
Reappointment
Road mapping and planning
War Management
Hazardous uaste
State authority
Low level radioactive waste
-------
MEUKOA
~ata.& AงP^jcg^lons Catalogue
0
Vi
erston
ฐvmi
Table E-2:Planned GIS Applications by Organization
CONNECTICUT
Organization Application
Reference Type
End
User
Application
Air pol. fate/transport analysis DEP, EPA
Air quality studies DEP. EPA
Risk assessments DEP. EPA, towns, applicators
Hazardous waste DEP. EPA
Waste facility siting DEP. EPA
Uaste generation studys/analysis DEP,EPA
Waste permit/license/registratn DEP. EPA
Wetland studies DEP, towns
Additional Coaments
Ozone studies/ models with NY, NJ.
Ozone studies/ models with NY, NJ.
Pesticides/EPA ground water protection program.
Part of EPA/LT core grant GIS add-on.
Part of EPA/LT core grant add-on.
Part of EPS/LT core grant GIS add-on.
Part of EPA/LT core grant add-on.
Awaiting UNIX ARC/INFO - application/database defined, parts
in place.
CT-NRC
Air Pollution
Miscellaneous
Waste Management
Water Management
MASSACHUSETTS
Organization Application
Reference Type
Application
Oil spill preparedness
Marine studies
Water pollution control
Marine studies
Water pollution control
Wetland studies
Waste facility siting
Inland water quality
Non-point source pollution
Storawater management
Water facility siting
Water pollution control
Water supply and demand
Watershed/wellhead protection
Wetland studies
End
User
Additional Coaments
MA-BBP
Miscellaneous
Water Management
HA-EOEAD Water Management
MA-MBP Water Management
MA-MWRA Waste Management
MA-USGS Water Management
Buzz. Bay Program office
C2N, MBP Office, MURA, connunities
CZM, HBP office, MURA, connunities
Sewerage Division
State, USGS
State, USGS
State, USGS
State, USGS
State, USGS
State, USGS
Cape Cod, USGS
State
Have plans to develop a series of.maps to support oil spi
response. Maps woula show sensitive resources.
II
3056 reporting.
Show.location and results of offshore (bay) circulation
studies.
Show location pfNPDES discharges, shellfish areas, nonpoint
source (through landuse).
Through grants program, analyze wetland acreage around a bay
Applications at a local and national scale are being
programmed and tested.
Xicatiqns at a local and national scale are being
rammed and tested.
Buzzard Bay potential.
Applications at a local and national scale are being
programmed ana tested.
A statistical package thru AMC has been put together.
Modeling on Cape Cod ha$ and is being done extensively for
water quality and quantity.
MAINE
Organization Application
Reference Type
Application 6&
Water pollution pesticide study State, municipal
Additional Comments
Evaluate vulnerability of gw to pesticide contamination.
Need current farmland and crop maps.
Planned by Department of Hunan Services - Drinking Water
Division.
ME-BOPC
Water Management
Watershed/wellhead protection
-------
?abfe4E^5?pianneงn2li8ippP?cations by Organization - PACE 3 ฐKl^pi
Organization Application End
Reference T^fce Application User Additional Cooments
Uater Management Wetland studies
State & local government
-------
?ftfeV8?AiS&^fsC^Mions by Organization - PAGE 3
Organization Application
Reference T9pe Application
6ฃr
Additional Comments
US-EPAI
Air Pollution
Miscellaneous
Water Management
Air quality studies
On-line data catalog
Wetlands permit tracking
Air Division
Various programs and states
Wetlands Protection Section
Mobile source emissions tracking.
On-line data catalog with interface.
VERMONT
88SSSSS
~3
Organization
Reference
^ication
Application
End
User
Additional Comments
&
VT-ANR
Air Pollution
Miscellaneous
Waste Management
Water Management
VT-OGIS Air Pollution
Waste Management
Air pol. permit/Ifcence/registr
Air pollution facility siting
Air quality studies
Acid Rain
Demographics
Forestry planning
Land use planning
Socio-economic factors
Industrial waste management
Municipal solid uaste management
Uaste pernit/license/registratn
Aquifer mapping
Non-point source pollution
Water pollution control
Air pol. fate/transport analysis
Air pol. permit/licence/registr
Air pollution emissions tracking
Air pollution facility siting
Air pollution pesticide studies
Air quality studies
Industrial waste management
Recycling and waste minimization
Uaste generation studys/analysis
Waste Hauling
Proposals made, some funded.
State environmental quality authorities Proposals made, some funded.
O
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0
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-------
NEUMOA
I Data & Applications Catalogue
'Version 3.01.03
Table E-4:Existing GIS
cation
Application
Applications by Application
Organization End
Reference User
Air Pollution
Miscellaneous
Waste Management
Air pol. fate/transport analysis
Air pollution emissions tracking
Air pollution pesticide studies
Acid Rain
Address to coordinate matching
Agricultural studies
Basin delineation
Chemical spill preparedness
Cotmwity growth mgmt planning
Data storage and transfer
Demographics
Epidemiologic studies
Forestry planning
Global Harming/climate change
Land use planning
Map products
Marine OH Spill Response
Multi-media initiatives
Northern Forest lands Study
Oil spill preparedness
Radon
Risk assessments
Socio-economic factors
Wildlife management
Fate/transport/dispersion model
Hazardous waste
Industrial waste management
Municipal solid waste management
Waste facility prioritization
Waste facility siting
NH-OSP
US-EPAI
VT-ANR
MA-EOEAD
NH-CSRC
MA-EOEAD
MA-EOEAD
MA-DFA
MA-USGS
US-EPAI
ME-GS
RI-DADP
R1-N8P
VT-OGIS
CT-NRC
MA-MWRA
NH-CSRC
VT-ANR
VT-OGIS
MA-EOEAD
MA-MWRA
MA-MWRA
ME-BOH
MA-EOEAD
MA-MWRA
ME-BOH
MA-MWRA
NH-CSRC
MA-MWRA
MA-BBP
MA-DFA
MA-MWRA
ME-GS
NH-CSRC
NH-OSP
RI-DADP
Rt-ERIC
RI-NBP
CT-NRC
MA-BBP
MA-EOEAD
MA-MBP
MA-MWRA
MA-USGS
ME-DEP
ME-GS
NH-CSRC
RI-NBP
VT-ANR
ME-OGIS
US-EPAI
ME-OGIS
ME-DEP
RI-ERIC
CT-NRC
MA-MWRA
ME-BOH
NH-CSRC
ME-DEP
RI-ERIC
VT-ANR
VT-OGIS
MA-MWRA
MA-EOEAD
RI-ERIC
VT-ANR
US-EPAI
MA-EOEAD
VT-OGIS
US-EPAI
MA-MWRA
OSP
Air and Environ Services Divisions
DPH, DFA, DEP tech serv branch
NH Dept. of Agriculture
UMASS/ARM (acid rain monitoring)
DFA, EOEA, Farming connuiity
State, USGS
Enforcement and Preparedness Section
Municipalities
RI cities and towns
Municipal planners, state planning divs
Town government
Govt agencies, business, individuals
Multiple users
DPH
NH Dept of Resources and Economic Devt
Buzz. Bay Program office
DFA, Farmers
State planning agencies, municipalities
OSP, and US Forest Service
OSP, nroicipalities
RI DEM, State planning
Division of Planning
Project staff, state planning divisions
DEP
Many users
ptAlic ~ private
CZM, EPA, RPAs, MiniBays
Cape Cod
Anyone who requests maps
State t federal agencies, public
Multiple users
Municipal & state agencies, public
DEP, Marine Resources...
Various programs
Conservation, State Planning...
State of Maine
Groundwater Division
DEP, health dept, towns
US Forest Service
State of Maine
Natural Heritage Program
State game authorities
Harbor studies
DEP/OUSC (div of waste site cleanup)
Hazardous Materials Division
RCRA and Superfund Program
DEP/DSW
Several regional waste authorities
RCRA and Superfund Programs
Sewerage Division
-------
Data & Applications Catalogue
Table E-4:Existing GIS Applications by Application PAGE 2
Application Organization End
Type Application Reference User
ME
GS
ME Low Level Radioactive Waste Auth.
RI
ERIC
Hazardous Materials Division
Waste permit/license/registratn
R1
ERIC
Hazardous Materials Inventory
Water Management Aquifer mapping
CT
NRC
DEP, water companies, towns
MA
EOEAD
OEP/DWS (div of water supply)
MA
MBP
MA
MWRA
MA
USGS
State, USGS
ME
BOPC
ME
GS
State agencies, municipalities
NH
CSRC
Municipalities
RI
OEMGW
OEM GW
Rl
ERIC
Groundwater Division
Facility inventory
RI
DEMGW
Groundwater class mapping
RI
OEMGW
Groundwater resrc character)zatn ME
GS
State agencies, municipalities
Inland water quality
RI
ERIC
Water Resources Division
Marine studies
CT
NRC
USGS, OEP, UCorm, Univ. New Haven, SCS
MA
BBP
Buzz. Bay Program office
MA
EOEAD
CZM (coastal zone management)
MA
MWRA
ME
GS
MGS, Federal agencies
RI
ERIC
Water Resources Division
RI
NBP
Project staff, public education
Non-point source pollution
CT
NRC
DEP, EPA, towns, businesses
MA
OFA
DFA
MA
EOEAD
MA
MBP
CZM, MBP
MA
MWRA
NH
DES
DES
RI
ERIC
Office of Environmental Coordination
RI
NBP
Proj staff, pub educ, state planning div
RI
OEC
DEM NPS Program, Muni & State Agencies
Storawater management
ME
OEP
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
RI
NBP
state reg agencies, public education
RI
OEC
DEM NPS Program, Mini & State Agencies
US
EPA I
Non-point source Program, Merrimack Init
VT
OGIS
City government
Water permit/IIcense/registratn
VT
ANR
Water pollution control
MA
MWRA
ME
DEP
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
RI
ERIC
Water Resources Division
RI
NBP
Muni, state reg agencies, pub education
RI
OEC
DEM NPS Prog am, Muni & State Agencies
Water supply and demand
MA
MWRA
Waterworks Division
RI
ERIC
Groundwater Div., Air & Haz. Mater. Oiv
Watershed/we11head protect i on
CT
NRC
DEP, water conpanies, towns
MA
BBP
private non-profit
MA
DFA
DFA, EOEA, Farmers
MA
EOEAD
MA
MWRA
MA
USGS
Cape Cod, USGS
NH
OES
OES
RI
ERIC
Groundwater Div., and OEC
US
EPA I
Various programs
VT
ANR
VT
OGIS
State & local government
Wellhead protection
RI
DEMGW
DEM GW
Wetland studies
MA
EOEAD
DEP/OWU (div of wetlands & waterways)
MA
USGS
State
ME
DEP
Town of Tork
NH
CSRC
Municipalities
Rl
ERIC
Wetlands Division
US
EPA I
Wetlands Protection Section
VT
ANR
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NEUMA
Data & Applications Catalogue
Version 3.01.03
Table E-5:Planned GIS
cation
Application
Applications by Application
Organization End
Reference User
Air Pollution
Miscellaneous
Waste Management
Water Management
Air pol. fata/transport analysis
CT-NRC
DEP.JPA
Air pollution emissions tracking
ME-DEP
AIR Bureau
Air pollution pesticide studies
RI-ERIC
Division of Agriculture
Air quality studies
CT-NRC
DEP. EPA
Ozone study
ME-OEP
AIR Bureau
Agricultural studies
RI-ERIC
Division of Agriculture
Community growth mgmt planning
NH-OSP
Municipal planners
RI-NBP
Municpal planners, state planning divs
Data storage and transfer
VT-ANR
Forestry planning
VT-OGIS
State
Land use planning
RI-NBP
Project staff, state planning divisions
Oil spill preparetfrwss
MA-BBP
ME-DEP
State of Maine
ME-GS
Maine DEP
Risk assessments
CT-NRC
DEP, EPA, towns, applicators
Socio-economic factors
VT-OGIS
Legislation
Transportation
VT-OGIS
Municipality & state governnent
Wildlife management
ME-DEP
State of Maine
Hazardous waste
CT-NRC
DEP, EPA
VT-OGIS
State authority
Municipal solid waste management
US-EPAI
Superfund Program
Waste facility siting
CT-NRC
DEP, EPA
MA-MWRA
Sewerage Division
Uaste generation studys/analysis
CT-NRC
DEP,EPA
Waste permit/1icense/registrain
CT-NRC
DEP, EPA
Aquifer mapping
ME-GS
State agencies, municipalities
Groundwater resrc character!zatn
KE-GS
State agencies, municipalities
Inland water quality
MA-USGS
State, USGS
Marine studies
MA-BBP
Buzz. Bay Program office
MA-MBP
CZM, MBP Office, MWRA, conmjnities
ME-DEP
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
Non-point source pollution
MA-USGS
State, USGS
US-EPAI
Non-point Source Program
Stormuater management
MA-USGS
State, USGS
ME-DEP
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
Water facility siting
MA-USGS
State, USGS
Water pollution control
MA-EOEAD
MA-MBP
C2M, MBP office, MWRA, communities
MA-USGS
State, USGS
ME-DEP
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
Water pollution pesticide study
ME-BOPC
State, municipal
Water simply and demand
MA-USGS
State, USGS
Watershed planning
NH-OSP
Community/watershed groups
Watershed/wellhead protection
MA-USGS
Cape Cod, USGS
ME-BOPC
Wetland studies
CT-NRC
DEP, towns
MA-MBP
MA-USGS
State
VT-OGIS
State & local government
02/12/92
3:16 PM
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NEWMOA
Oata t Applications Catalogue
Version 3.01.03
Table E-6:Needed GIS
cation
Application
Applications by Application
Organization End
Reference User
Air Pollution
Miscellaneous
Waste Management
Water Management
Air pol. fate/transport analysis
Air pol. permit/licence/registr
Air pollution emissions tracking
Air pollution facility siting
Air pollution pesticide studies
Air quality studies
SARA Title III
Acid Rain
Address to coordinate matching
Community growth mgmt planning
Demographies
Epidemiologic studies
Forestry planning
Land use planning
Oil spill preparedness
On-line data catalog
Radon
Risk assessments
Socio-economic factors
Transportation
Wildlife management
Hazardous waste
Industrial waste management
Municipal solid waste management
Recycling and waste minimization
Waste facility siting
Waste generation studys/analysis
Waste Hauling
Waste perait/lfcense/registratn
Aquifer mapping
Groundwater management
Inland water quality
Marine studies
Non-point source pollution
Stormwater management
Water facility siting
Water permit/Iicense/registratn
Water pollution control
Water supply and demand
VT
VT
VT
CT
VT
VT
VT
VT
US
VT
VT
CT
VT
CT
MA
RI
ME
RI
MA
VT
NH
CT
RI
VT
CT
ME
RI
VT
CT
ME
US
ME
ME
VT
NH
RI
ME
ME
VT
VT
ME
VT
CT
ME
VT
ME
ME
VT
VT
VT
ME
VT
ME
RI
RI
MA
MA
RI
VT
MA
ME
RI
CT
CT
CT
ME
ME
ME
RI
VT
CT
OGIS
ANR
OGIS
NRC
OGIS
ANR
OGIS
OGIS
EPA I
ANR
OGIS
NRC
ANR
NRC
MWRA
ERIC
BOH
NBP
MWRA
ANR
CSRC
NRC
ERIC
ANR
NRC
BOH
NBP
ANR
NRC
BOH
EPAI
BOH
BOH
ANR
CSRC
ERIC
BOH
BOH
ANR
OGIS
BOH
ANR
NRC
BOH
OGIS
-BOH
BOH
OGIS
OGIS
ANR
BOH
ANR
OGIS
-ERIC
ERIC
BBP
HBP
ERIC
ANR
MWRA
-OEP
-ERIC
NRC
NRC
NRC
BOH
BOPC
-OEP
ERIC
ANR
NRC
DEP
State environmental quality authorities
Air Division
DEP, EPA, towns
DEP
Regulatory Divisions
Municipal planners, state planning divs
NH Div. of Public Health Services
DEP
DEP, OPM, towns
Project staff, state planning divisions
Various programs and states
NH Dept. of Transportation
Division of Fish & Wildlife
DEP, recycling regions
DOT, DOC, DEP, KGS, DOA, SPO
WRD, and GW & ISDS Divisions
Water Resources Division
Office of Environnental Coordination
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
WRD and OEC
DEP, business
DEP, business
DEP, businesses
Casco Bay National Estuary Program
water Resources Division
DEP, water companies
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Data t Applications Catalogue
Table E-6:Needed GIS Applications by Application - PAGE 2
02/12/92
3:17 PM
Application Organization End
Type Application Reference User
ME-GS
Watershed/wellhead protection ME-BOH
NH-OES DES
Wetland studies ME-DEP National Estuary Program
HE-GS
RI-ERIC Wetlands Division
Wetlands permit tracking US-EPAI Wetlands Protection Section
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