-------
3
Fi6h were observed initially at Station ffl "but not at
Station #2. Fish were observed at Station #4 on the initial
sampling run and were observed at Station #3 on the second
sampling run. During the summer of 1972, fish were finally-
observed at Station #2.
Total solids, chlorides and metals in the bottom sediments
remained high at Station #2 throughout the study, although seme
improvement was noted. Mercury readings in the bottom sediments
ranged from 12.36 - 62.03 ug/gm which are exceedingly high.
Total solids, chlorides and metals in the bottom sediments
were initially high at Station #3 but gradually came down on the
chlorides and total solids with only occasional high level readi:
Metals in the bottom sediments reamined high with mercury rangin
frcm 7.00 - 26.18 ug/gm.
Station #4 showed a marked drop in total solids and chlorides
but still an occasional high reading was recorded, particularly on
the total solids. Metals in the sediments remained high with
mercury ranging from 13.54- - 30.49 ug/gm.
Based on the control (Station #1), the benthic population was
almost obliterated at Station §2 downstream from the Olin Corporation.
Gradually, the benthic population improved at Station #3 and im-
proved tremendously at Station #4, although it never quite recovered
to the abundance and variety found at Station #1.
-------
4
Bailey (1974) of the Virginia State Water Control Board
studied the occurrence of mercury in the fish and sediment of
the North Fork of the Holston River between 1970-1972 thirty-
seven (37) miles upstream from the Olin Corporation and down-
stream to Weber City at the Virginia-Tennessee State line about
75 miles downstream frcm Olin.
He stated that "the result of both fish and sediment
sampling revealed extensive mercury contamination in the North
Fork of the Holston River. This contamination was greatest below
the Olin Corporation, but was also found to a lesser degree above
the plant facilities.
The muscle tissue of almost all fish tested from the river
below Saltville exceeded the FDA guideline of 0.5 ppm.
Unfortunately, despite two major floods combined with other-
wise unusually wet years, the elimination of most mercury discharges
to the river and the closing of the Olin Plant, mercury contamination
of fish tissue in the North Fork of the Holston was found to still
be increasing. With large reservoirs of mercury remaining in the
river sediments and small inputs of mercury frcm the terminated
Olin facilities likely to continue for some time, there seems to be
little hope for an early recovery in the North Fork of the Holston
from mercury pollution."
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5
III. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
A qualitative benthic and a quantitative Surber Square
Foot benthic sample were taken at Stations #1 and #4, except
¦when prohibited by high water. Only qualitative samples were
taken at Station §2 due to the paucity of the bottom organisms
while only qualitative samples were taken at Station #3 due to
depth and bedrock.
The benthic samples were qualitatively collected at each
station by sampling the various types of habitat at each station,
such as gravel, rocks, wood, vegetation and silt, and preserved
in 5% formalin. The quantitative samples were taken with the
Surber Square Foot Sampler and also preserved in 5% formalin.
The square foot samples were taken in the center of the stream
in a habitat most representative of the station, usually in riffle
areas. The preserved samples were then returned to the Charlot-
tesville, Virginia EPA Laboratory where they were identified with
taxoncmic keys by Pennack (1953), Ward and Whipple (1963), Mason
(1968), Usinger (1963), Leonard and Leonard (1962), Needham and
Needham (1962), Eddy & Hodson (1950), Burks (1953) and Frison (1935),
Tables I-IV. Identification was taken down to genus whenever
possible.
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6
Stations in this survey were legally identified in Table V
and a breakdown by percentage into tolerant, facultative (inter-
mediate) and intolerant (sensitive) categories based on the
tolerance of various macro-invertebrate taxa to decomposable
organic wastes was given in Table VI. The mean number of bottom
organisms per square foot and mean number of kinds (genera) per
station were treated in Table VII, while the flows in the sampling
period were treated in Table VIII.
For purposes of this report, the ccmmunity of bottom macro-
invertebrates was selected as the main indication of the biological
conditions in the stream since they serve as the preferred food
source for higher aquatic forms and exhibit similar reactions to
adverse stream conditions. Macro-bottom organisms are animals that
live in direct association with the stream bottom and are visible
with the unaided eye. They are further distinguished from micro-
organisms by the fact they are retained in a 30 mesh sieve (approxi-
mately 0.5 mm aperture). The combination of limited locomotion and
life cycles of one year or more for most benthic species provide a
long-term indicator of stream water quality.
Classification of organisms in this report is considered in
three categories: Intolerant (pollution sensitive), facultative
(intermediate) and pollution tolerant to decomposable organic wastes.
-------
7
Intolerant (pollution sensitive) organisms are those
organisms that have not been found associated with even moderate
levels of organic contaminants and are generally intolerant of
even moderate reductions in dissolved oxygen.
Facultative (intermediate) organisms are those organisms
having a wide range of tolerance and frequently associated with
moderate levels of organic contamination.
Tolerant organisms are those organisms frequently associated
with gross organic contamination and generally capable of thriving
under-anaerobic conditions.
In unpolluted streams a wide variety of intolerant clean
water associated bottom organisms are normally found. Topical
groups are stoneflies, mayflies, caddisflies and riffle beetles.
These sensitive organisms usually are not individually abundant
because of natural predation and competition for food and space;
however, the total count or number of organisms at a given station
may be high because of the different varieties present. Sensitive
genera (kinds) tend to be eliminated by adverse environmental con-
ditions (e.g., chemical and/or physical) resulting from wastes
discharging into the stream.
In waters enriched by organic wastes comparatively fewer
kinds of animals are found, though great numbers of certain genera
-------
8
nay be present. Organic pollution-tolerant forms such as
sludgeworms, rattailed maggots, certain species of "bloodworms
(red midges), certain leeches and some species of air-breathing
snails may multiply and become abundant because of a favorable
habitat and food supply. These organic pollution-tolerant
bottom organisms may also exist in the natural environment, but
are generally found in small numbers. The. abundance of these
forms in streams heavily polluted -with organics is due to their
physiological and morphological abilities to survive environmental
conditions more adverse than conditions tolerated by other organisms.
Under conditions where inert silts or organic sludges blanket the
stream bottom, the natural home of bottom organisms is destroyed,.
which also causes a reduction in the number of kinds of organisms
present.
Streams grossly polluted with toxic wastes such as mine drainage,
etc., will support little, if any, aquatic life and will reduce the
population of both sensitive and pollution-tolerance organisms.
In addition to intolerant (sensitive) and pollution-tolerant
forms, some bottom organisms are termed facultative (intermediate)
in that they are capable of living in moderately polluted areas as
well as in limited numbers, and, therefore, cannot serve as effective
indicators of water quality.
-------
9
Diversity indices such as d provide an additional diag-
nostic tool for measuring water quality and the effect of
induced stress on the structure of the macroinvertebrate com-
munity. The use of these indices is based on the generally-
observed phenomenon that relatively undisturbed environments
support communities having large numbers of genera with no in-
dividual genera present in overwhelming abundance. If the genera
in such a community are ranked on the basis of their numerical
abundance, there will be relatively few genera with large numbers
of individuals and increasing numbers of genera represented by
only a few individuals. Many forms of stress tend to reduce
diversity by making the environment unsuitable for seme genera
or by giving some genera a competitive advantage.
For purposes of uniformity, the Shannon-Wiener function was
used for calculating mean diversity "d" as recommended in Biological
Field and Laboratory Methods by EPA, National Environmental Research
Center, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio (1973).
The machine formula as presented by Lloyd, Zar and Karr (1963)
is: d = g (NLoglON-EniloglOni). Where c = 3.321928 (converts base
10 log to base 2 bits), N = Total number of individuals, ni = Total
number of individuals in the ith genera.
-------
10
Mean diversity d, as calculated in this formula, is
affected both "by richness of species and by the distribution
of individuals among the genera and may range frcm zero to
3.321928 log N.
The component of diversity due to the distribution of in-
dividuals among the genera can be evaluated by comparing the
calculated d with a hypothetical maximum d based on an arbitrarily
selected distribution. The measure of redundancy proposed by
Margalef (1957) is based on the ratio between d and a hypothetical
maximum. In nature equality of genera is quite unlikely so Lloyd
and Ghelardi (1964) proposed the term equitability and compared d
with a maximum based on the distribution from MacArthur's (1957)
broken stick model. The MacArthur model results in a distribution
quite frequently observed in nature with a few relatively abundant
genera and increasing numbers of genera represented by only a few
individuals. It is not necessary (nor should it be expected) that
sample data conform to the MacArthur model since it is only being
used as a yardstick against which the distribution of abundances
is being compared. Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964) presented a table for
determining equitability by ccanparing the number of genera (s) in
the sample with the number of genera (s) expected from a community
which conforms to the MacArthur model. Using their table and the
-------
11
proposed measure of equitability: e = §¦' where s equals the
number of genera in the sample and s' equals the tabulated
value.
Equitability "e" els calculated may range from 0 to 1,
except in the unusual situation where the distribution in the
sample is more equitable than the distribution resulting from
the MaeArthur model. Such an eventuality will result in values
of "e" greater than 1 and occasionally occurs in samples con-
taining only a few specimens with several taxa represented. The
estimate of "d" and "e" improves with increased sample size, and
samples containing less than 100 specimens should "be evaluated with
caution, if at all.
Wilhm (1970) reported diversity d values calculated from the
data of numerous authors collected from a variety of "polluted"
and "unpolluted" waters. He found that in "unpolluted" waters d
was generally "between 3 and 4, while in "polluted" water d was
generally less than 1. Unfortunately, where degradation is at
slight to moderate levels, d lacks the sensitivity to demonstrate
differences. Equitability "e", however, has "been found to be very
sensitive to even slight levels of degradation. Equitability levels
"below 0.5 usually are never encountered in streams known to be un-
affected by oxygen-demanding wastes, and in such streams "e"
-------
12
generally ranges between 0.6 and 0.8. Even slight levels of
degradation have "been found, to reduce equitability below 0.5
and generally to a range of 0.0 and 0.3.
RESULTS OF BENTHIC SAMPLING
Station §1 - This station was located on the North Fork
of the Hoist on River at the Virginia County Route 633 Bridge
upstream from Saltville, Virginia. This station was located
approximately six (6) river miles Upstream from the Olin Corpo-
ration at river mile 89.25. The surrounding land was moderately
rolling pasture land.
At low flow the depth went from 0.5 to 2.5 feet with a
substrate composed primarily of large rocks and coarse gravel.
Fair stands of aquatic vegetation (Ceratonhyllum sp.) was present
along the right "bank. The. pH ranged from 7.3 - 8.2 with a mean of
7.8. The alkalinity ranged from 54- - 113 mg/l (CaCOj) with a mean
of 81.
This station was located upstream from the small settling
basin discharge from the Saltville dump and any known domestic
discharges in the Saltville, Virginia area.
The water at this location was clear and on several sampling
runs large schools of minnows and numerous small fish were observed
Fishermen were also observed in the area on several occasions.
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13
Large gill-breathing snail populations (Viviparus sp.
and Valvata sp.), plus several types of clams, "were present
suggesting there wasn't any serious heavy metal problems at
this station.
Good populations of clean water associated mayflies and
caddisflies were present. Other clean water associated bottom
organisms sampled included stoneflies, fishflies, hellgrammites
and riffle beetles (2 kinds).
The mean for nine (9) sampling periods consisted of 80#
organic pollution intolerant forms, 17# facultative (intermediate)
forms and 3# organic pollution tolerant forms. The mean diversity
d for this station was 3.3 indicating unpolluted waters. Un-
polluted waters generally show a d between 3 and 4. This inter-
pretation is further substantiated by a mean equitability "e" of
1.2. Equitability below 0.5 is associated with oxygen demanding
wastes.
In quantitative sampling it ranged from 43 organisms per
square foot in October 1972 to 165 organisms per square foot in
August 1971, with a mean of 115 organisms per square foot. The
number of genera (kinds) ranged from 12-34 with a mean of 17.
It should be noted that Bailey (1974) sampled fish at this
location and found mercury values between 0.32 - 1.06 ppa, but
-------
14
this can probably be attributed to the small settling basin
discharge from the Saltville dump which was located approxi-
mately 4-1/4 miles downstream. This known source of mercury
was located upstream to the dam on the Olin property 1/2 to
1-1/2 miles upstream from the Olin Corporation's mercury
discharges.
Mercury in the sediment at this station was all 'within
reported natural levels.
Station §2 - This station was located on the North Fork
of the Holston River off Virginia County Route 611 approximately
1.5 miles downstream from the Snyth County Line. The area is a
water sampling area maintained by the Olin Corporation approxi-
mately a mile downstream from Olin's No. 6 muck pond. The
surrounding area is steep pasture land. At low flow the depth
appeared to average 0.5' - 3.5'- At the time of the initial
sampling, seme of the rocks were coated black on their undersid*
due to sulfide. The substrate was predominantly bedrock, rock i
coarse gravel with seme silt along the bank.
The water at this station generally appeared cloudy and
turbid, but was clear in the jar. Bottom organisms were genera!
sparse. Only one genera (kind) was found on August 17, 1971, bi
this gradually increased until eleven (ll) kinds were found on
-------
15
October. 11, 1972. However, -they were so sparse and erratically-
scattered a quantitative sample was not taken. The mean number
of genera (kinds) for the nine sampling periods was 4. There
were 32$ intolerant forms, 42$ were facultative and 26$ were
tolerant.
Starting with the July 12, 1972 sampling period, mayflies
and caddisflies began to appear regularly in the qualitative
analysis.
During the sunmer of 1972 , panfish began to be observed at
this^station.
»
A short distance downstream from this station Bailey (1974
reported bluegills whose fish muscle tissue contained an average
of 1.54 ppm of mercury.
Station #3 - This station was located on the North Fork of
the Holston River at the Virginia Route 80 Bridge. This location
was in an area of steep pasture land and located approximately
twelve miles downstream from Olin (approximate river mile NTH 71.77).
The substrate was largely bedrock and coarse gravel. At low
flow the depth averaged between 0.5 - 3.5'.
The water was very clear and seme mayflies and caddisflies
were sampled in the initial sampling. Later stoneflies, hell-
grammites, and riffle beetles were sampled. However, bottom
-------
16
organisms remained sparse and a quantitative sample was not
taken because of the depth and the bedrock. Of the benthics
sampled 50$ were intolerant forms, 34$ were facultative and
16$ were tolerant forms.
Fish were observed for the first time during the 9-30-71
sampling and continued to be observed thereafter.
Bailey (1974) found mercury values in the fish muscle tissue
which averaged 1.33 ppm in the bluegills collected in this area.
Station.#A - This station was located on the North Fork
of the Holston River at the Virginia County Road 692 Bridge north
t
of Abingdon, Virginia. The surrounding land again was rolling to
steep pasture land. The substrate was largely rock and large
gravel at this station.
The water was clear and numerous minnows were observed.
Darters, a clean water associated fish related to yellow perch
and walleyed pike, were also present.
Clean water associated forms sampled were stoneflies, mayflic
caddisflies, fishflies, hellgrammites, gill-breathing snails and
midges. The number sampled per square foot ranged from 76 - 135
per square foot with a mean of 105 per square foot. The number oi
kinds sampled ranged frcm 6-18 with a mean of 11. Intolerant
forms made up 45$ of the samples, 52$ were facultative and 3$
-------
17
tolerant forms. The mean diversity d was 2.6, but the equita-
bility was 1.0 which normally would suggest good biological
conditions.
However, both upstream and downstream frcm this station,
Bailey (1974) found mercury values in most of the fish far above
allowable FDA standards. Bluegills averaged 1.33 ppn mercury
upstream and 1.16 downstream in the fish muscle tissue.
Mercury also continued to remain high in the sediment samples
collected by Bailey (1974).
GENERAL DISCUSSION OF FISH LIFE
Fish studies were not conducted by EPA personnel associated
with this study due to limited personnel and time. However, the
Virginia State Water Control Board did look at the fish population
and their comments are used in this section.
Although some forms of mercury are highly toxic, Bailey (1974)
found no indications of any acute or chronic toxicity frcm mercury
downstream from the Olin Corporation. McKee and Wolf (1973) re-
ported concentrations of mercuric ions of 0.004 to 0.02 mg/l to be
harmful to freshwater fish.
Bailey (1974) sampled and had fish analyzed for mercury at
stations ranging frcm 37 river miles upstream frcm Olin to Weber Citj
at the Virginia-Tennessee State Line, about 75 miles downstream frcm
-------
18
the Olin Corporation. Fish muscle tissue was analyzed and
expressed in parts per million (ppm). The results were re-
ported on a wet weight basis and measured against FDA
guidelines of 0.5 ppm. There were eleven species of sport and
food fish collected downstream frcm the mercury discharge and
65 of 12iese fish, 92$ of the collection, exceeded the 0.5 ppn
guidelines established by the Food and Drug Administration,
These included bluegills, channel catfish, carp, gizzard shad,
white suckers, bullheads, rock bass, redbreast sunfish, smallmouti
i
bass; and common shiners.
Bailey (1974) stated that bass had the highest individual
values, but position in the food chain alone was not a determining
factor for mercury content. There was a positive correlation with
mercury values in bluegill muscle tissue and stream miles, in-
dicating a significant decrease in mercury content proceeding
downstream. Compared to his past collections in 1970 and 1971,
mercury concentrations in 1972 were found to be increasing in the
fish, correlated with reductions in dissolved solids and chlorides
< '
in the river system.
"The means of sediment samples in the summer and fall of 1972
were significantly different but the downstream distribution of th
mercury in the river sediments was similar in both collections.
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19
Sediment values downstream from the mercury source showed great
variations in the top three inches and did not demonstrate a
linear decrease for some 50 river miles dovmstream after -which
values drop quickly. As with the fish, sediment value fluctu-
ation was believed to be associated with changing industrial
discharges. Average mercury values in the sediment were greater
than 1.0 ppm at all stations, showing significant remaining
mercury levels in the river bottcm.
Although the industrial discharges were stopped in July of
1972^ water samples still indicated mercury contaminated wastes
i
)
entering the North Fork of the Holston River over eight months
later.
The control stations upstream were contaminated by one point
discharge of mercury and probable aerial fallout. At most upstre
stations, sediment values c cm pare favorably with reported natural
levels of mercury. One-third of the fish sampled in the control
area exceeded the 0.5 ppa FDA guideline, most of which were bass
species. Although contaminated, the control area still provides
potential for early determinations of mercury trends in the Hoist
After reviewing the data, I concur with Bailey's (1974)
assessment that "...with large reservoirs of mercury remaining in
the river sediments and small inputs of mercury from the terminat
-------
20
Olin facilities likely to continue for sane time, there seems
to be little hope for an early recovery in the North Fork of the
Holston frcm mercury pollution."
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. It is recommended that EPA maintain a close liaison with the
Virginia Water Control Board in regard to the North Fork of the
Holston River.
2. It is reccnsnended that this stream be monitored periodically
since it is an interstate stream. .The frequency and parameters
¦ »
should be determined after consultation with the Virginia Water
Control Board. Sediments, fish, solids, chlorides and heavy metali
(particularly mercury) should be included.
3. The North Fork of the Holston River should remain closed to
fishing until further notice or proof that the fish population is
not exceeding the FDA guidelines for mercury.
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21
REFERENCES CITED
Bailey, David S. 1974. The Occurrence of Mercury in the Fish
and Sediment of the North Fork of the
Holston River 1970-1972. Virginia State
Water Control Board, Basic Data Bulletin
41, January, 1974.
Burks, B. D. 1953. The Mayflies or Ephemeroptera of Illinois.
Bulletin Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. 26:1-216.
Eddy, Samuel and Hodson, A. C., 1950. Taxoncanic Keys to the
Common Animals of the North Central States
Exclusive of the Parasite Worms, Insects,
and Birds, Burgess Publishing Company,
Minneapolis,. Minnesota.
Environmental Protection Agency, July 1973. Biological Field and
Laboratory Methods for Measuring the Quality
of Surface Waters and Effluents. National
Environmental Research Center, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Frison, T. H., 1935. The Stoneflies or Plecoptera of Illinois.
Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. 20:281-371.
Leonard, Justin W. and Fannie A. Leonard, 1962. Mayflies of Michigan
Trout Streams. Cranbrook Institute Science,
Blocanfield Hills, Michigan. 139 pp.
Lloyd, Monte and R. J, Ghelardi, 1964. A Table for Calculating the
"Equitability" Component of Species Diversity.
American Mid. Nat. 79 (2): 217-225.
Lloyd, Monte, Jerrold H. Zar, and James R. Karr, 1968. On the
Calculation of Information - Theoretical
Measures of Diversity. Am. Mid. Nat. 79(2):
257-272.
MacArthur, R. H., 1957. On the Relative Abundance of Bird Species.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington, 43:293-295.
Margalef, D. Ramon, 1957. Information Theory in Ecology. General
System 3:36-71. English Translation by W. Hal]
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22
Mason, William T., Jr., 1968. An Introduction to the Identificatioi
of Chironomid Larvae. Div. of Pollution
Surveillance, FWPCA, U. S. Department of
Interior, Cincinnati; Ohio, fttoch 1968.
89 pp.
McKee, J. E. and H. W. Wolf, 1973. Water Quality Criteria, 2nd
Edition, Resources Agency of California,
State Water Resources Control Board Publi-
cation No. 3-A.218.
Needham, James G. and Paul R. Needham, 1962. A Guide to the Study
of Freshwater Biology. Holden-Day, Inc.,
San Francisco, California.
Peimack, R. W., 1953. Freshwater Invertebrates of the U. S. The
Ronald Press Company, New York, New York.
i
Usinger, R. L., 1956. Aquatic Insects of California, University oJ
California Press, Berkeley, California.
Word, H. B. and C. C. Whipple, 1959. Freshwater Biology, 2nd
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
New York.
Wilhm, J. L., 1970. Range of Diversity Index in Benthic Macro-
invertebrate Populations. JWPCF, 42(5):
R221-R224.
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-------
Sheet 1 of 7
Stonefileb
Aeroneurla sp.
Arcvnoptervx sp.
Atoperla sp.
Ieogerius Bp.
Paragnetina sp.
Perlesta sp.
Pteronareys sp.
Mayflies
Ameletus sp.
Baetis sp.
Blasturus sp.
Caenls sp.
Cvnlgmula sp.
Ephemera sp.
Enhemerella sp.
Euthvolocia sp.
Heptagenia sp.
Iron sp.
Isarwchia sp.
Lentophlebia sp.
Qrelanthua sp.
Pentagenia sp.
Stenonema sp.
Caddisflles
Chimarra sp.
Cvrnellua sp.
Diplect'-ona sp.
Glossosama sp.
TABLE I - SURVEY RESULTS OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS
North Fori of -the Holaton River - Saltville, Virginia Area - Station #1
Intolerant or Pollution Sensitive Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30*71 10*20*71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1t24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 3-24-72 10-11-72
1 _ X BENTHICS NOT COLLECTED X
X X
BECAUSE OF HIGH WATER 1
17
15
X
X
1
x 1
X
4-11 X X
X X
5 9-
11 2
23 48 21 X X X 9
15
-------
Sheet 2 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE luiic. wjii ' DATE DATE DATE DAl^
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X
X
Caddisflies (Cont.)
Heteroplectron sj X - -
Hydroptilidae
Hydro-psyche sp. - - -
Limnephilidae
LiTimetihilus sp. X
Mayatrichia ep. 2
Molanna sp. X
Neophvlax sp. X - -
Neureclipsis sp. X
Polvgentropus sp. X X
Psych prod a sp.
Rhvacophila sp. -
Wormaldia sp. - 3
Fishflies
Chauliodes sp. 2 - - X X
Dobsonflies
Corvdalus sp. - - 1
Riffle Beetles
Psephenus sp. 4 5 10 2 X
Stenelmis sp. 4 - -
Gill-Breathing Snails
Amnlcola sp.
Valvata sp. - 43 59 X 33 17
Viviparus sp. 61 - - X X
Damselflies
Argia sp. 1
Blackflies
Proslmulium sp.
Simuliun sp. 2 X
-------
Sheet 3 of 7
Horseflies
Tabanus sp.
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9^30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
Clams
Marearitifera sp.
Midges
Cardiocladius sp.
Cricotoms ep.
Diamesa sp.
Metrloonerous sp.
Mlcrotendipfea sp.
Pentaneura sp.
Paeudochironcmrus sp.
Stitochironorrius sp.
Tanvtarsus ep.
2
X
3
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 128 142 118
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 16 13 7
0
7
0
7
0
0
0
0
. 0
0
54
15
29
7
Facultative or Intermediate Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
Caddisflies
Cheumatopsvche sp.
Dsmselflies
Agrion sp.
Amphiagrioh sp,
Calopteryy sp.
Chramagrion sp.
Hataerina sp.
Emllamna sp.
Lestes sp.
21
21
X
X
-------
Sheet 4 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE ¦ DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
Dragonflies
Aeschna sp.
Basiaeachna sn. X X
Boyeria sp. X X
Didyroo-ps sp.
Dromogomphus sp. X
Macromla sp. X
Neurocordulia sp.
Riffle Beetles
Heterelmis sp.
Narms sp.
Ontioservus sp. 444
Craneflies
Antocha sp.
Phalaerocerca sp.
Aquatic Caterpillars
Elophlla sp. X
Snipe Flies
Atherix sp. 1
Snoky Aderflies
Sialic sp. 1
Midges
Hvdrobaenua sp. X
Orthooladius sp.
Polv~oedilum sp. 3 2 X
Procladlus sp,
Paectrocladius sp,
Snittia sp,
Tanypus sp.
-------
Crayfish
Cambarris sp.
Flatworms
Dugesia sp.
Macrostomvun sp.
Clams (Large Size)
Lam-pa ills sp.
Lasmigona sp.
lexingtonia sp,
Liguroa sp.
Unionidae
Fingernail Clams
Sphaerlum sp.
Air-Breathing Snails
Lvmnaea sp.
Gill-Breathing Snails
Pleurocera sp.
Valvata Piacinalis
Valvata Sincera
Scuds
Gammarus sp,
Hvalella sp.
Sow-Bugs
Asellus op.
Cirolanides sp.
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-52-71 12-15-71
X
X
X
X
Pn-t e+.T
Sheet 5 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE
5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X
X
X
X
2 14
X
X
X
DATE DATE DATE
1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72
-------
Sheet 6 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
Enchytraeidae
Naididae
Unidentified Aquatic
Flies
Pupae
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 37 4 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 014
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 16 5 7 3 9 50007 34
pollution Tolerant organisms ito decomposable organic wastes)
Sludgeworms
Tutdfex sp.
Limnodrilus sp. X
Bristleworms
Lumbriculidae
Bloodworms
Chironomua sp.
Cryptochironornus sp, 1
Air-Breathing Snails
Ferrissia sp. X X
Physa sp. 12
Water Boatman
Cymatia sp.
Water Scavenger
Berosug
-------
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
Water Scorpion
Ranatra sp. X
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 0
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 2
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
GRAND TOTAL (per sq. ft.) 165
159
149
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
0
43
NO. OF KINDS 34
22
14
10
14
13
0
0
0
23
12
12
MEAN (diversity index) d 3.6
3.2
2.8
3.3
3.8
3.7
-
-
-
3.1
3.6
2.:
"e" (equitability) 0.5
0.6
0.7
.1.5
1.5
1.5
_
' -
0.6
1.5
0/
X = Present but not collected in quantitative sample
d Standard Deviation = _+ 0.43716
Mean d =3.3
"e" Standard Deviation = ,+ 0.41368
Mean "e" -1.2
For purposes of calculating d and "e" those organisms present only in the qualitative sample X were assigned a value of 1.
Interpretation: Unpolluted waters d is generally "between 3 and 4
Polluted waters d is generally less than 1
Equitability "e" below 0.5 = affected by oxygen demanding wastes
Samples containing less than 100 specimens should be evaluated with caution, If at all.
-------
Sheet 1 of 7
TABLE ZX - SORVBy RESULTS 07 BENTHIC ORGANISMS
North Perlc of the Hole ton River - Saltville, Virginia Area - Station //2
intolerant or Pollution Sensitive Organisms (to. decomposable organic wastes)
StcneflieE
Acroneuria sp.
Avevnoptenrx sp.
Atoperla sp.
IsoKonus sp.
Pnragnetina sp.
Perlesta sp.
Pteronarcys sp.
Mayflies
Amaletus sp,
Baetis sp.
Blasturus sp.
Caenis sp.
CyrvirTnuIa sp.
Ephemera sp.
Eiahemerella sp.
Euthyoloeia sp.
He-ptagenia sp.
Iron sp.
Isonychia sp,
Leotophlehia sp.
Oreianthus sp.
Penta^enia sp,
Stenoncroa sp,
Caddisflips
Chiir.arra sp.
Cvrnellus sp.
Diplectrona sp.
Glossosoma sp.
DATE DA'i'JS . BATE . DATE DATE DATS DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 . 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
BENTHICS NOT COLLECTED
BECAUSE OF HIGH WATER
-------
j^TE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71
DATE
12-15-71
Caddisflies (Cont.)
Heteroplectron sp.
Hydroptilidae
Hydro-psyche sp.
Limnephilidae
Limnerihilus sp,
Mayatrichia sp.
Molanna sp, -
Neophylax sp.
Neureelitgis sp.
Polycentrorais sp. -
Psvchamvia sp.
Rhyacophila sp.
Wormaldia sp.
Fishflies
Chauliodes sp, - -
Dobsonflies
Corydalus sp. - X
Riffle Beetles
Psephenus sp.
Stenelmis sp.
Gill-Breathing Snails
Amnioola sp,
Valvata sp,
Viviparus sp.
Danscelf lies
Argia sp.
Blackflies
Proslmuliuin sp.
Simulium sp.
DATE
1-24-72
Sheet 2 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X
X
-------
Sheet 3 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE .DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-2Z-72 2-23-72 1-22-72 5-2A-72 7-12-72 &-2L-12 10-11-72
Horseflies
Tab anus sp.
Clans
Vargaritifera sp.
Midges
Cardiocladius sp.
Ci'icotoms sp,
Dianesa sp.
>.'etriocnemus sp.
Microtendipes sp.
Pent.aneura sp.
Pseudochirortamus sp.
Stitochironorous ep.
Tanvtiyrnus sp.
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 n n ? 3 3
Facultative or Intermediate Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
Caddisflies
CheumatoT>syche sp.
Deraselflies
Agrion sp. X X
AmrMagrion Saucium X
Calootervx sp.
Chromagrion sp.
Hataerina sp,
Knallafrna sp.
Lestes sp.
-------
DATE
12-15-71
Dragonflies
Aeschna sp.
BaGiaeschna sp.
Bover!a sp.
Didymor>a sp.
Drobnogomthus sp.
Mac rcrci a sp.
Neurocordulia sp.
Riffle Beetles
Heterelmis sp.
Narpus sp.
Qptioservus sp.
Croneflies
Antocha sp.
Phalacrocerca sp. X
Aquatic Caterpillars
Elophila sp.
Snipe Flies
Atherix sp.
Saoky Aderflies
Sialis sp.
Midges
Hydrobaenus sp.
Orthocladiug sp,
Polyoediliim sp.
Pi'oeladius sp.
Psectrocladius sp.
aiiittia sp.
Tarwous sp.
DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71
Sheet 4 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
1-2Z.-72 2-2"?-72 "?-22-72 5-2/ -73 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X
X
X
X
-------
Sheet 5 of 7
Crayfish
Cambarus Bp.
Flatworins
Dwesin sp.
Macro.1;tomuni sp.
Clams (Large Size)
T-airosilis sp,
Lasmigpna sp.
Lexinftonifi sp.
Lifiuna sp.
Uniomdae
Fingernail Clams
Sohaeriuro sp.
Air-Breathirig Snails
T.yrr.naea sp.
Gill-Breathing Snails
Plcuvocera sp.
Valvata Piscinalis
Valvata Sineera
Scuds
G&i'JTiarus sp.
Hyalella sp.
Sow-Bugs
Ago]lus sp,
Cirolanides sp.
Bristlewormo
DATE DATE DATE BATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X
X
X
-------
Sheet 6 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-7
Enchytraeidae
Naididae
Unidentified Aquatic
Flies
Pupae
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 1 1 0 1 12 0 0 0 3 0 7
Sludgeworms
Tubifex sp.
Limnodrilus sp.
Bristlevorms
Lumbriculidae
Blood-worms
Chironorcus sp.
Cryptochironoinus Bp.
Air-Breathing Snails
Ferrissia sp.
Physa sp.
Water Boatman
Cymatia sp.
Water Scavenger
Berosus
Pollution Tolerant Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
-------
Sheet 7 of 7
DATE
DATE
DATE
CASS
DATS ¦
DATE
DATS
DATE
DATE
DATE
DATE
DAT
8-17-71
9-30-71
10-20-71
11-22-71
12-13-71
1-2AJ72
(7_19_'73
P.-oi -^2
io-i:
Water Scorpion
Ranatra cd.
SUBTOTAL (No. per eq. ft.)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera)
0
2
1
1
1
2
0
0
0
, 1
1
1
GRAND TOTAL (per ea. ft.)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MO. OF KINDS
1
5
2
2
2.
5
0
0
0
6
4
11
).C£AN (diversity index) d - -
l!e" (equitability) - - -
X = Present but not collected in quantitative sample
-------
Stoneflies
Acroneurla op.
Arcvnoptervx sp.
Atoperla sp.
Isogenus sp.
Paragnetina sp.
Perlesta sp.
Pteronareys sp.
Mayflies
Ameletus sp.
Baetis sp.
Blastums sp.
Caenis sp,
Cvrrigimila sp.
Ephemera sp.
Enheir.erella sp.
Euthvplocia sp.
Heptagenla sp.
Iron sp.
Isonvchia sp.
Lentonhlebia sp.
Oreianthus op.
Pentagenia sp.
Stenonema sp,
Caddisflies
Chlmarra sp.
Cyrnellus sp.
Diplectrona sp.
Glossosoma sp.
Sheet 1 of 7
TABLE III- SURVEY RESULTS OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS v
North Fork of the Hole ton River - Saltville, Virginia Area - Station //3
Intolerant or Pollution Sensitive Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X
X
BENTHICS NOT COLLECTED
BECAUSE OF HIGH WATER
X
X X
X
-------
lJATE date date date date
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71
Caddisflies (Cont.)
Heterooleciron sp.
Hydroptilidae
Hvdropsyche sp.
Limnephilidae
LinrnetMlus sp. X
Mavatrichia sp.
Molaima sp.
Neophylax sp.
Neurealipsis sp.
Polvcentropus sp.
Psvchcmyla sp.
Rhvacophila sp.
Wormaldla sp.
Fishflies
Chaullodes sp.
Dobsonflies
Corvdalus sp.
Riffle Beetles
Psephenus sp.
Stenelmis sp.
Gill-Breathing Snails
Amnicola sp.
Valvata sp.
Vlviparus sp.
Damselflies
Argia sp.
Blaciflies
Prosimulium sp.
Simulium sp. X
X
X X X
X
Sheet 2 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X..
X
X
-------
Sheet 3 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72
rseflies
Tabanus sp.
Clams
Margaritlfera sp.
Midges
Cardiocladius sp.
Cricotopas sp.
Diamesa sp.
Metriocnemus sp.
Mlcrotendipea sp.
Pentaneura sp.
Pseudoehironamus sp.
Stitoehironomus sp.
Tanvtajsus sp.
DATE DATE
8-24-72 10-11-72
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 3
0
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
6
Facultative or Intermediate Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
Caddisflies
Cheumatonsvche sp.
Damselflies
Aerlon sp.
Am-phiagrion sp.
Caloptervx sp.
Chromagrlon sp.
Hataerina sp.
Enallagma sp.
Lestes sp.
-------
DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71
DATE
11-22-71
DATE
12-15-71
Drag onf lies
Aeschna sp.
Basiaeschna sp.
Boverla sp.
Didvmops sp.
Dromogomnhus sp.
Macrcmla sp.
Neurooordulia sp.
Riffle Beetles
Heterelmis sp.
Nar-pus sp.
Ontioservus sp.
Craneflies
Antocha sp.
Phalacrocerca sp.
Aquatic Caterpillars
Elophila sp.
Snipe Flies
Atherix sp.
anoky Aderflies
Sialls sp.
Midges
Hvdrobaenus sp.
Orthocladius sp.
Polvpediluni sp.
Procladins sp.
Psectrooladius sp.
anittia sp.
Tanrois sp.
X
X
X
X
Sheet 4 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X
-------
DATE
12-15-71
Crayfish
Cambarus ep.
Flatworras
Dugesia sp. X
Maorostomum sp.
Clams (Large Size)
Lanrosilis sp.
Lasmigona sp.
Lexirigtonia sp,
I.iguraa sp.
Unionidae
Fingernail Clams
Sohaeriuro sp.
Air-Breathing Snails
Lvnvnaea sp.
Gill-Breathing Snails
Pleurocera Bp.
Valvata Piscinalis
Valvata Sineera
Souds
Gaminarus sp.
Hyalella sp.
So7;-Bug3
Asellus sp,
Cirolanides sp.
DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71
Bristleworms
leet 5 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
X
-------
Sheet 6 of 7
DATE
8-17-71
Enchytraeidae
Naididae
Unidentified Aquatic
Flies
Pupae
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 5 4.1 1 2 4 00
' Pollution Tolerant Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
Sludgev/ormn
Tubifex sp,
Limnodrilus sp.
Bristleworms
Lumbriculidae
Bloodworms
Chironerous sp,
Cr.yptochironomus sp,
Air-Breathing Snails
Ferrissia sp.
Physa sp. X X X. X X X XXX
Water Boatman
Cymatia sp.
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-2/1-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
0 0 0 0
0 12 2
Water Scavenger
Berosus
X
-------
Sheet 7 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATt
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
Vater Scorpion
Rnnatra cp.
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 1
1
1
l
1
2
0
0
0
1
1
1
3RAND TOTAL (per sq. ft.) 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SO, OF KINDS 9
10
2
5
6
11
0
0
0
5
7
9
ffiAN (diversity index) d 3.2
3.3
1.0
2.3
2.6
3.
-
-
-
2.3
2.8
3
"e" (equitability) 1.6
1.5
l.Q
1.4
1.5
1.
-
-
1.4
1.4
1
K = Present but not collected in quantitative
©
(0
i Standard Deviation = ± 0.76383
itean d = 2.7
"e" Standard Deviation = ,+ 0.45175
V.ean "e" - 1.2
•or purposes of calculating d and "e" those organisms present only in the qualitative sample X were assigned a value of 1.
.nterpretntion; Unpolluted waters d is generally between 3 and 4
Polluted waters d is generally less than 1
Equitability "e" below 0.5 = affeoted by oxygen demanding wastes
Samples containing less than 100 specimens should be evaluated with caution,, if at all,
-------
oneex j. ci '7
TABU! 17- SURVEY RESULTS OF BEHTHIC ORGANISMS
North Fork of the Rolatan River - Saltville, Virginia Area - Station iH
Intolerant or Pollution Sensitive Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-1?! 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24r72 10-11-72
Stoneflies
Acroneuria sp.
Arcynooteryx sp.
Atoperla sp.
IsoEenus sp.
Paragnetina sp.
Perlesta sp.
Pbcronarcys sp.
Mayflies
Ameletus sp.
Baetis sp.
Biasturns sp.
Caenia sp,
Cvnipmula sp.
Ephemera sp.
Ephemerella sp.
IXithy-olocia sp.
Heptagerda sp.
Iron sp.
Isonvchia sp,
Leotophletiia sp,
Oreianthus sp.
Pentagenia sp.
Stenonema sp.
Caddisflies
Chimarra sp.
Cyrnellus sp,
Diplectrona sp.
Glossosoma sp.
BENTHICS NOT COLLECTED
BECAUSE OF HIGH WATER
-------
DATE
8-17-71
DATE DATE DATE DATE
9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71
Caddisflies (Cont.)
Heteroplectron sp.
Hydroptilidae
Hydro-psyche sp.
Limnephilidae
LimnetMlus sp.
Mavatrichia sp.
Molanna sp.
Neoohvlax sp.
Meureclipsls sp.
PoLvcentropus sp.
Psvchomvia sp.
Rhvaccrohila sp.
Wormaldia sp.
Fishflies
Chauliodes sp.
Dobsonflies
Corydalus sp.
Riffle Bee-ties
Psephenus sp.
Stenelmis sp.
Gill-Breathing Snails
Amnicola sp.
Valvata sp.
Vivi-parus sp.
Damselflies
Argia sp.
X
X
X
X
Blackflies
Prosimuliura sp.
Simulium sp.
37 4
Sheet 2 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
3 - 61
1
1
1
X
33
2
6
-------
Sheet 3 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE
5-24-72 7-12-72 3-24-72 10-11-72
Horseflies
Tab anus sp.
Clams
?/argaritifera sp.
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72
Midges
Cardiocladius sp, 35
Cricotopus sp.
Diamosa sp.
J/etriocnemus sp. 3
Microtendipes sp.
Pentaneura sp. 5
Paeudochiroiiomus sp.
Stitochironcimis sp.
Tanvtarsus sp. 13
79 79 0
9 8 5
7 25 X
Damcelflies
Agrion sp.
Airohiagrion sp.
Calopteryx sp.
Chramagrion sp,
Hataerina sp,
KnallaFrma sp.
Lestes sp.
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 59 9 10 0 0 0000
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 11 7 6 4 3 2 0 0 0
Facultative or Intermediate Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
Caddisflies
Cheumatopsyche sp. 6 31 87 X X X
-------
DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71
DATE
12-15-71
Dragonflies
Aeschna sp.
Basiaeschna sp. X
Boyerla sp.
Didymops sp.
Droitioaomphus sp.
Mae rani a sp.
Neurocordulia sp.
Riffle Beetles
Heterelmis sp.
War-pus sp.
Ontioservus sp.
Craneflies
Antocha sp.
Phalaoroaerea sp.
Aquatic Caterpillars
Elophila sp. 3 26 36
Snipe Flies
Atherlx sp.
Snoky Aderflies
Sialis sp. 1
Midges
Hydrobaenus sp.
Orthocladius sp.
Polvnedilum sp. 38
Procladiua sp,
Pseetrocladius sp.
Snittia sp, X
Tanvms sp.
Sheet U of 7
DATE DATE DATE
1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72
DATE DATE DATE DATE
5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-
-------
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71
Crayfish
Carnbarus sp,
Flatworms
Duptesia sp.
f/acrostomum sp.
Clams (Large Size)
Lamps iljs sp.
Lasmiftona sp.
Loxinptonia sp.
I/tpuma sp.
Unionidae
Fingernail Clams
Sphaerium sp.
Air-Breathing Snails
Lvmnaea sp. X X
Gill-Breathing Snails
Pleurocera sp.
Valvata Pisoinalia
Valvata Sineera
Scuds
GammaruG sp.
Hyalella sp.
Sow-Bugs
Asellus sp.
Cirolanides sp.
Bristleworms
Sheet 5 of 7
DATE . DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
1
X
-------
Sheet 6 of 7
DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71
Enchytraeidae
Naididae 1
Unidentified Aquatic
Flies
Pupae 10
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
10-20-71 11-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
SUBTOTAL (No. per sq. ft.) 11 95 123 0 0.0 0 0 0 23 31 0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 5 43 1 3 2 000654
Sludgeworms
TuMfex sp.
Limnodrilus sp.
Bristleworms
Lumbriculidae
Bloodworms
Chironomus sp.
Crvntochironomus sp.
Air-Breathing Snails
Ferrissia sp.
Phvsa sp.
Water Boa-fan an
Croatia sp.
Water Scavenger
Berosus
Pollution Tolerant Organisms (to decomposable organic wastes)
-------
Sheet 7 of 7
DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE DATE
8-17-71 9-30-71 10-20-71 il-22-71 12-15-71 1-24-72 2-23-72 3-22-72 5-24-72 7-12-72 8-24-72 10-11-72
Water Scorpion
Ranatra sp.
SUBTOTAL (No. wer sq. ft.) 6
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
SUBTOTAL KINDS (genera) 2
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
1
2
1
GRAND TOTAL (-Der sq. ft.) 76
104
135
Ci
0
0
0
0
0
102
112
0
NO. OF KINDS 18
12
10
6
8
6
0
0
0
16
15
10
MEAN (diversity index) d 2,9.
2.3
1.6
2.6
3.0
2.(
-
-
-
2,7
2.2
3.3
"e" (equitability) 0,6
0.6
0.4
1.5
1.5
1.!
-
-
-
0.6
0.4
1.5
X = Present but not collected in quantitative sample
d Standard Deviation = + 0.49944
Wean d =2.6
"e" Standard Deviation = ± 0.5228
Wean "e" =1.0
For purposes of calculating d and "e" those organisms present only in the Qualitative eaurole X were assigned a value of 1.
Interpretation: Unpolluted waters d is generally "between 3 and 4
Polluted waters d is generally less than 1
Equitability "e" below 0.5 = affected by oxygen demanding wastes
Samples containing less than 100 specimens should be evaluated with caution,, if at all.
-------
TABLE V - Legal Locations of the Sampling Stations on the North
Fork of the Holston River near Saltville, Virginia
Station #1 - This station was on the North Fork of
the Holston River at the County Route 633 Bridge
upstream from Saltville, Virginia.
Station #2 - This station was on the North Fork of
the Holston River at the Olin Water Sampling Station
downstream from Saltville, Virginia, off Route 611 and
approximately 1.1 miles upstream from the Tumbling
Creek confluence.
Station #3 - North Fork of the Holston River approxi-
mately 1/8 mile upstream frcm the Virginia Route 80
Bridge northwest of Meadowview, Virginia.
Station #4 - North Fork of the Holston River at
Virginia County Route 692 north of Abingdon, Virginia.
-------
TABLE VI - Breakdown of Benthic Organisms "by percentage into
Tolerant, Facultative (Intermediate) and Intolerant
(Sensitive) categories ("based on the tolerance of
various macro-invertebrate taxa to decomposable
organic wastes). The mean for nine sampling periods
is used as benthics could not be collected for three
months due to high water.
Station
Tolerant
Facultative
Intolerant
ti
7%
17%
80*
n
26%
42%
32%
#3
1656
%%
50%
3%
52%
45*
On those stations inhere a quantitative sample was not taken,
a value of 1 was given to each genera for computation purposes.
-------
TABLE VII
- Mean Number of Bottom Organisms per square foot
and Mean Number of Kinds (Genera) per station
Station Mean No. Per Sq. Ft. Mean No. of Kinds
#1 115 17
#2 4
#3 7
H 105 11
-------
TABLE VIII - Flow Data, North Fork Hoist on River
Pfrte
Station #1
8/17/71
92 CFS
9/30/71
58 CFS
10/20/71
81 CFS
11/22/71
87 CFS
12/15/71
198 CFS
1/24/72
714 CFS
2/23/72
556 CFS
3/22/72
360 CFS
5/24/72
593 CFS
7/12/72
128 CFS
8/24A2
250 CFS
10/11/72
259 CFS
MEAN ¦= 281 CFS
-------
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