vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency	
EPA/540/M5/89/001
March 1989
SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
Demonstration Bulletin
Solidification/Stabilization Process
Hazcon, Inc.
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION: The
solidification/stabilization technology mixes hazardous
wastes, cement, water and an additive called
Chloranan. Chloranan, a nontoxic chemical,
encapsulates organic molecules, rendering them
ineffective in retarding or inhibiting solidification. This
treatment technology immobilizes the contaminants
from soils by binding them into a concrete-like,
leach-resistant mass.
After contaminated soil is excavated and screened
out for oversized material, it is fed to a mobile field
blending unit to treat the wastes (Figure 1). The unit
POZJOUNIC
AODITIVE
The treated output is the contaminants bound by
encapsulation into a hardened, concrete-like mass.
For the treatment of large volumes of waste, larger
blending systems are also available.
WASTE APPLICABILITY: This technology is
intended for soils and sludges contaminated by
organic compounds, heavy metals, oil and grease.
DEMONSTRATION RESULTS: This solidification
technique developed by HAZCON, Inc. was
demonstrated at a former oil reprocessing plant in
Douglassville, Pennsylvania. Soils in the area were
contaminated with oil and grease, volatile and semi-
volatile organics, PCBs, and heavy metals. Results
from physical testing of the solidified wastes were
very good with unconfined compressive strengths
ranging from 220 to 1570 psi. Durability test results
were also good showing no physical strength changes
after 12 wet/dry and freeze/thaw cycles. Permeability
in the treated waste was low while the porosity was
moderate. TCLP Leaching tests, however, indicated
that only lead was immobilized by the process. When
samples containing semi-volatile organics and oil
and grease were ground up and subjected to the
TCLP procedure, they leached from the treated soil
blocks in nearly the same concentrations as from the
untreated soil. A portion of the results are shown on
Tables 1 and 2.
• The demonstration was held from October 12 to
October 16, 1987.
Figure 1. Solidification/stabilization process diagram.
consists of soil and cement holding bins, a Chloranan
feed tank and a blending auger to mix the waste and
pozzolanic materials (portland cement, fly ash or kiln
dust). Then water is added as necessary, and the
resultant slurry is allowed to harden before disposal.
•	The process successfully:
immobilized lead
solidified high-organic (25%) waste
containing oil and grease
•	Volatile organics were primarily released to the
air during mixing with the stabilizer.

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Table 1. Physical Properties
Untreated Soil	28-day Cores


Bulk

Bulk



Oil and Grease
Density
Permeability,
Density,
Permeability
UCS"
Sample
(%)
g/mi
cm/sec
g/ml
cm/sec
psi
1
1.0
1.23
5.7 x 10"1
1.95
1.8 x 10-9
1110
2
16.5
1.40
1.8 x 10-3
1.61
4.0 x 10"9
520
3
25.3
1.60
Impermeable
1.51
8.4 x 10-9
220
4
4.3
1.68
2.0 x 10-2
1.84
4.5 x 10-9
940
5
4.5
1.73
7.7 x 10-2
2.07
5.0 x 10"10
1570
6
7.8
1.59
1.5 x 10-5
1.70
2.2 x 10'9
890
"Unconfined compressive strength.
Table 2. Chemical Properties
Leachate Concentrations, mg/1
Untreated Soil
28-Day Cores
Sample
VOC*
BNA"
Lead
VOC*
BNA*
Lead
1
0.92
ND"
1.5
0.38
ND*
0.007
2
0.02
1.02
31.8
0.06
1.45
0.005
3
1.03
2.81
17.9
0.72
2.79
0.400
4
5.10
0.01
27.7
0.37
0.10
0.050
5
1.10
0.01
22.4
0.84
0.11
0.011
6
0.06
0.01
52.6
0.11
0.73
0.051
VOC - Volatile organic carbon.
BNA - Base neutral/acid extractable.
ND - Not determined.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
•	Good physical properties (i.e., low permeability,
high unconfined compressive strength,
resistance to weathering) were developed in the
treated waste.
•	TCLP results for semi-volatiles and oil and
grease were essentially the same for treated and
untreated samples, in the low ppm range.
•	High volume increases accompany the
treatment process (approximately 100 percent)
A Demonstration Report and an Applications Analysis
Report describing the complete demonstration will be
available in the Spring of 1989.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
EPA Project Manager:
Paul R. de Percin
U.S. EPA
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797	(FTS: 684-7797)
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
BULK RATE
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
EPA
PERMIT No. G-35
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA/540/M5-89/001

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