United States Region 4 EPA 904/6-84 120
Environmental Protection 345 Courtland Street, NE June 1984
Agency Atlanta, GA 30365
&EPA A Dye Dispersion and
Movement Study Off
Northern Pinellas
County, Florida
A Technical Report
Volume III
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A DYE DISPERSION AND MOVEMENT STUDY
OFF NORTHERN PINELLAS COUNTY, FLORIDA
A TECHNICAL REPORT
By
W.H. Taft, B.E. Ross, E.D. Estevez,
G.W. Patton and K.S. Caraccia
Edited by S. Mahadevan
Submitted to: Gannett Fleming Corddry
and Carpenter, Inc.
Post Office Box 1963
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105
Submitted by: Mote Marine Laboratory
1600 City Island Park
Sarasota, Florida 33577
(813) 388-4441
January 15, 1981
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This report was totally funded by the Environmental
Protection Agency. It has been reviewed for technical
accuracy. However, any conclusive statements about
the suitability of a wastewater outfall into the Gulf
of Mexico are those of the contractor and not
necessarily those of the Agency.
F. Theodore Bisterfeld
Project Officer
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region IV
3^5 Court land Street, N.F..
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
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ABSTRACT
A study to evaluate the dispersion and movement of Rhodamine WT dye
discharged four miles off the coast of Clearwater, Florida, was con-
ducted between the period of May 27, 1980 and June 26, 1980. The study
was conducted to simulate proposed wastewater discharges. The first
dye-tracking occurred for six and one-half hours (May 27) and the sec-
ond, thirty-nine and one-half hours (June 24-26). Analysis of the
collected data indicates that the dominant movement of the dye was in
the south and southwest directions.
Except for wind from the south, every other quadrant has been
investigated to date, and we have concluded that wastewater, if released
at Station 3F (the location of dye drop) should not adversely affect
recreational beaches in the area. We have yet to determine the distri-
bution of dye when strong winds come out of the south.
Although recreational beaches may not be affected, data exist to
indicate potential movement of wastewater to the recreational reefs in
the area.
Therefore, wastewater, if released at the proposed location, should
not adversely affect recreational beaches in the area, but may adversely
affect recreational reef fishing.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ABSTRACT 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS V
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2
A. Study Area 2
B. Study Systems 2
C. Dye Drops 3
D. Data Processing Methodology 4
E. Graphics 5
F. Study Limitations 7
III. RESULTS 9
A. Influence of Wind in Current Direction 9
B. Center of the Dye 10
C. Time-Distance Migration of the Dye 11
IV. DISCUSSION 14
V. SUMMARY AND CONCULSIONS 16
APPENDIX 17
ii
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LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Figure 1. Location of dye drop off the coast of
Clearwater, Florida A-l
Figure 2. Summary of pertinent current direction at surface,
raid-water and bottom. Rising tide between 0750-
0915 and 1700-1813 on June 24, 1980 A-2
Figure 3. Summary of pertinent current direction at surface,
mid-water and bottom. Falling tide between 1245-
1635 on June 24, 1980 A-3
Figure 4. Summary of pertinent current direction at surface,
mid-water and bottom. Falling tide between 1030-
1450 on June 25, 1980 A-4
Figure 5. Migration of dye's center from 1245 to 1850 May 27,
1980 and from 0327 hours, June 24, 1980 to 1900
hours, June 25, 1980 A-5
Figure 6. Isopleths of dye concentration showing configura-
tion of dye between 1415-1507 hours, June 24, 1980 A-6
Figure 7. Isopleths of dye concentration showing configura-
tion of dye between 1030-2033 hours, June 24, 1980 a-7
Figure 8. Isopleths of dye concentration showing configura-
tion of dye between 0804-0953 hours, June 25, 1980 A-8
Figure 9. Isopleths of dye concentration showing configura-
tion of dye between 1320-1503 hours, June 25, 1980 A-9
Figure 10. Isopleths of dye concentration showing configura-
tion of dye between 1645-1900 hours, June 25, 1980 A-10
in
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
PAGE
Loran coordinates of dye's center for five
discrete sample locations B-l
Time, transect run, Loran coordinates and dye
concentration for Sample Location I on June 24,
1980 (1415 to 1501 hours) B-2
Time, transect run, Loran coordinates and dye
concentration for Sample Location II on June 24,
1980 (1830 to 2033 hours) B-3
Time, transect run, Loran coordinates and dye
concentration for Sample Location III on June 24,
1980 (0804 to 0953 hours) B-5
Time, transect run, Loran coordinates and dye
concentration for Sample Location IV on June 25,
1980 (1320 to 1503 hours) b-8
Time, transect run, Loran coordinates and dye
concentration for Sample Location V on June 25,
1980 (1645 to 1900 hours) B-10
iv
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LIST OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
PAGE
Aerial Photo #1.
Aerial Photo #2.
Aerial Photo #3.
Aerial Photo #4.
Aerial Photo #5.
Aerial Photo #6.
Aerial Photo #7.
Showing dye patch three minutes
after being released on May 27
Dye patch eleven mintues after being
released on May 27
Characteristic ball and comet-line tail
developed twenty minutes after dye drop
on May 27
Leading edge of most concentrated dye and
long comet-line tail, two hours and seven
minutes after May 27 release
Dye is relatively small patch four hours
and twenty-eight minutes after June dye
drop - 0755 hours
Southern boundary of dye is much sharper
than diffuse northern boundary at 1610
hours, June 24
Showing loss of sharp southern boundary
and more diffuse dye at 1956 hours,
June 24
C-l
C-l
C-l
C-l
C-2
C-2
C-3
v
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I. INTRODUCTION
Pinellas County, Florida is faced with a critical need to dispose
of sewage effluent from the northern part of the county. Three alter-
natives have been proposed: 1) spray irrigation, 2) advanced waste
treatment, and 3) an ocean outfall in the vicinity of Clearwater,
Florida, five miles offshore. To evaluate the environmental effects of
these three alternatives, an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is
being prepared by Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Incorporated,
for the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4. This study was
conducted to provide support data for the EIS.
The primary objective of the dye study was to:
Release a detectable dye (Rhodamine WT) at the location of the
proposed wastewater outfall and to follow the dye for up to
forty-eight (48) hours in order to determine its direction and
time of travel as well as dilution characteristics. Of par-
ticular interest and concern are the beaches, reefs and fish-
ing gounds that constitute a major economic resource to the
Northern Pinellas community.
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II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Study Area
The study area is located west of Clearwater, Florida (latitude:
28°03'30"; longitude: 82°53'29"). Figure 1 shows the general location
of the study area. Specifically, Station 3F was the location of the dye
drop.
B. Study Systems
To conduct the study, the following were employed: 1) Rhodamine WT
dye, 2) discharge sampling equipment, 3) monitoring equipment, 4) navi-
gation equipment, 5) a transport vessel, 6) drogues, and 7) an airplane.
220 kg (100 lbs) and 55 kg (250 lbs) of Rhodamine WT dye were
released at Station 3F during May 27 and June 24, respectively.
Discharge/sampling equipment consisted of a drum of liquid dye, a
Jabsco pump operated off the ship's battery and a garden hose for dis-
charging the dye. This equipment successfully delivered all the dye to
a depth of 1 m (ca. 3 ft) below the sea surface in less than five
minutes, thus simulating an instantaneous injection of sewage effluent.
After being used to discharge the dye, this equipment was used for
sampling and was placed on-line downstream of the fluorometer. Rubber-
hoses were used for intake at depths of 1.5 m (5 ft) and 4.5 m (15 ft)
to permit instantaneous switching and sampling from either depth.
A Turner Model 10-005 Fluorometer was used to monitor dye concen-
trations and output was recorded on a Linseis LS 24.70.80 two-channel
-2-
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flatbed recorder. Such a configuration permitted flow-through sampling
while the ship was underway. The instrument was pre- and post-cali-
brated by Inter Sea Research. Data from the tracings were tabulated and
used to construct the dye location and configuration.
Navigation equipment consisted of Loran C. Loran coordinates were
recorded at the beginning and end of each traverse through the dye
patch, as well as locations where dye concentrations varied signifi-
cantly. In addition, time of significant events such as changes in boat
heading were recorded, time, heading of boat and chart speed were used
to replace missing information.
A thirty-three foot Egg Harbor craft was used as the transport
vessel for this study. This boat can comfortabley accommodate four
scientists and a boat operator.
It was suggested that drogues might be employed in an attempt to
assist in following the dye during the night. One-gallon plastic milk
containers were filled to 90-95 percent of capacity and released during
the early evening of July 24, 1980.
An aircraft was used during daylight hours to assist in locating
and photographing distribution of the dye. Through CB radio, the plane
was in contact with the dye measurement vessel.
C. Dye Drops
The first dye drop, consisting of only 220 kg (100 lbs) of Rhoda-
mine WT, was released at 1245 hours on May 27, 1980. The study was
terminated at 1850 hours the same day, and the dye could not be located
on the following morning. Based upon the experience from the May 27th
-3-
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dye drop, when the dye was visible for at least six hours, it was de-
cided to make the June drop in darkness at low tide and follow the dye
without taking initial measurements of concentration. As a result of
releasing the dye in darkness, there are no comparable pictures of the
dye during and after the drop as there are for the May drop. The second
drop was made at 0327 hrs on June 24, 1980 at low tide.
After releasing the dye on June 24, no attempt was made to measure
dispersion during darkness. The dye, even though released at a depth of
one meter, rose to the surface, and because it was released so rapidly,
initially maintained itself as a relatively small patch. A floating
strobe light was released with the dye, but it disappeared to the north-
east, apparently in response to a persistent wind from the southwest.
As many times as was practical, traverses through the dye patches
were coordinated with fly-overs by an airplane equipped to photograph
the dye and communicate with the dye-tracking vessel. The aircraft was
useful in describing the shape of the patch so the tracking vessel could
initiate traverses that would define the boundaries of the dye. In
addition, on the morning of June 25th, the aircraft was particularly
useful in locating a major concentration of dye.
D. Data Processing Methodology
During the 39.5 hours of the second dye drop, five periods of data
were collected and labelled from I to V in chronological order. Each
period varied in duration and number of transects through the dye based
upon apparent complexity of the dye as observed from the vessel and the
aircraft. Data was not collected at times other than those noted. Each
-4-
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transect (major heading) was numbered in chronological order and data
were obtained between the origin and destination of the transect to map
isopleths. To keep track of the data, Loran lines of position (LOP),
heading and time were recorded directly on the chart paper for the
origin and destination of each transect.
Sensitivity and voltage output from the fluorometer were plotted
directly by the recorder. Three scales of sensitivity were used: xl,
x3.16 and xlO. To convert voltage to parts per billion (ppb), the
baseline of ambient fluorescence was calculated for each sensitivity.
All maxima, minima and averages between extremes as well as maximum
slope were measured for each transect. After correction for baseline,
voltages were read directly from the chart record for each chosen peak.
Dye concentrations were computed by using the corrected voltages in the
following formulas calibrated for each sensitivity scale (see example,
page 6):
1. (xl) (measured voltage) (2.041) + 0.1429 = concentration (ppb)
2. (x3.16) (measured voltage) (0.6579) + 0.0397 = concentration (ppb)
3. (xlO) (measured voltage) (0.2100) + 0.0126 = concentration (ppb)
Actual position of dye concentrations for transects were either
located by Loran C coordinates or interpolated by using chart speed and
time of transect run between known points.
E. Graphics
Time, location and dye concentrations were plotted on enlargements
of the dye drop study area. In addition, plots were made of the center
of the dye for each transect sequence so that the dye's path could be
-5-
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To determine concentration at 1:
measured voltage = 2.85v
therefore,
(1) (2.85) (2.041) + 0.1429 = 5.95ppb
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easily followed for the duration of the study. The dye's center was
determined and tabulated by locating the intersection of lines con-
necting opposite and most distant sides of the dye.
F. Study Limitations
Specific limitations of the present study were:
(1) Weather was a constant problem. In the dye drop of June 24,
1980, dye was followed for approximately 39.5 hours before
strong westerly winds forced project termination.
(2) Duration of the dye study was quite short relative to the
length of time wastewater would flow into the area.
(3) Oceanographic relationships in the study area are quite com-
plex. The relationships among shoreline configuration, near-
shore currents, wind directions, tidal currents and dye move-
ment are not clearly understood. All of these parameters have
a direct bearing on the ultimate fate of wastewater released
at the proposed outfall.
(4) Location of Loran C during darkness is questionable. For
unknown reasons, fixes taken during the evening proved to be
unreliable and were not used.
(5) Sampling at 5- and -15 feet. Although on paper it seemed
practical to sample for dye at two depths, in the field it was
deemed impractical. In order to make timed and fixed traverses
so that accurate data can be plotted, one must be able to
record data instantly while continuing along a fixed tract.
-7-
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When an attempt was made to switch from -5 ft to -15 ft, the
vessel had to be stopped because of the time necessary to
purge the intake line from dye at -5 ft, thus terminating
the -5 ft transect. When this difficulty was identified, it
was decided to stay with -5 ft traverse and forsake simul-
taneous data at -15 ft.
-8-
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III. RESULTS
A. Influence of Wind on Current Direction
Comparison of instantaneous current data from Chapter 5* for falling
and rising tides for May 27-June 2 and June 23-25, 1980 is summarized
below:
(1) Falling Tides May 27 - June 2.
Surface currents at all stations were affected by prevailing
winds: north and northwest winds resulted in southeast currents
(Transect 1, May 29 and June 2); northeast winds caused south-
westerly currents (Transect 5, May 27); sustained easterly winds
drove falling surface currents to the west (Transect 1, May 28),
whereas evanescent land-breezes had little effect. Falling cur-
rents at depth were more conservative in response to wind but often
exhibited higher speeds. The influence of sustained winds on mid-
depth and bottom currents was seen at offshore stations (Transect 1,
May 28).
(2) Rising Tides May 27 - June 2.
Currents at all stations were affected by prevailing winds
differently than noted for falling tides. Intermittent east winds
weakened and confused currents, whereas sustained east winds drew
currents toward land. Rising currents at depth were stronger and
affected by wind less than surface currents. Deep currents in the
northwest quadrant of the project area were notably strong. The
greatest vertical shear (175°) observed during the study period was
noted on a flood tide at Station 3G, at 1815 hrs on May 27 in
10.5 m (34.5 ft); surface currents were headed at 265° and bottom
currents were moving due east.
3. Falling Tides and Rising Tides June 23 - 25.
Tidal effects were more complex in the survey of June 23-25
than in the previous study due to westerly winds and the progres-
sion from mixed to semi-diurnal tides. Tides were earlier and
amplitudes were greater at the north end of the NPCEA project area
than the south.
Effects of westerly winds were seen in the easterly component
of rising and falling tides. From the combined studies, data on
currents now are available for winds from all but southerly quarters
~Chapter 5 - Marine Sampling and Measurement Program off Northern Pinellas
County, Florida. A Technical Report. EPA 904/9-82-102. Re-
gion 4, 345 Courtlant Street, N.E., Atlanta, GA. pp 97-197.
9
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(SE, S, SW) and for periods of no wind. While currents in calm
weather could be inferred from available data, no basis exists for
the assessment of current response to southerly winds. Studies
should be conducted under prevailing southerlies to assess heading
and speed of currents, mass-transport and tidal effects, since
winds from the south are common (Defense Mapping Agency, 1975).
West winds may have accumulated a mass of water nearshore
which affected or caused some of the trends observed in the com-
bined studies. Notable differences in current direction and speed,
the movement of drogues and dye and patterns of water chemistry
were seen between the first study, when easterly winds prevailed,
and the second. In particular, the rapid offshore movement of
currents and dye under east winds was not paralleled by onshore
drift under west winds of comparable duration and intensity.
Comparison of instantaneous current data for rising and falling
tides for June 24 and June 25 suggest little variation at each station
when surface, mid-water and bottom velocities are compared. On the
rising tides (Figure 2: June 24, 0750-0915 and 1700-1813), five out of
seven stations showed a strong easterly component of current movement.
On falling tides, with a westerly or southwesterly wind (Figure 3:
June 24, 1980, 1245-1635 and Figure 4: June 25, 1980, 1030-1450) cur-
rents tend to flow to the southeast or south at an angle approximately
90° to the direction of the wind.
Thus, the June drop, released at low tide, should have migrated
eastward, ranging between east-northeast and east-southeast in response
to the rising tide through 0940 and then turned and migrated in a direc-
tion ranging between south and southeast until 1700 hours.
B. Center of the Dye
Tabulated data of the dye's center (Table 1) was used to show its
migration pattern (Figure 5). According to the data, the June dye drop
moved southward, east-northeast, northeast, southwest, and then south.
-10-
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Based upon the relationship between wind and current direction, it
seems hard to believe the dye followed the path shown in Figure 5.
Because of the now acknowledged problem with using Loran C at night, it
seems more reasonable that the dye was not dropped at Station 3F (Loran
coordinates were used to fix the location), but the station was not
marked with a buoy.
After 39.5 hrs the dye continued to be visible, but with difficulty.
An attempt was made to locate the dye on June 26, 1980 at 0830 hrs by
returning to the location where the dye was last recorded the evening
before and using the monitoring equipment from the location to the
entrance of Clearwater Harbor. No dye was located by this effort.
Drogues proved to be worthless in following the dye. As fast as
they were thrown overboard they disappeared to the east while the dye
continued to move to the northeast the evening of June 24, 1980. Pre-
sumably, the rapid eastward movement of the drogues was a direct result
of persistent westerly winds at the time.
C. Time - Distance Migration of the Dye
Aerial Photos 1-4, taken of the first dye drop on May 27, 1980,
show the initial release and subsequent configurations of the dye.
Twenty minutes after the dye was released (Aerial Photo 3) it had moved
a significant distance to the south and away from the dye release
vessel (at anchor). By this time it had developed its characteristic
leading edge of concentrated dye and comet-like tail. After two hours
and seven minutes (Aerial Photo 4), the dye continued its characteristic
pattern, but by that time had swung toward the southwest. At 1850 hrs
-11-
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the dye tracking was discontinued. The leading edge at that time re-
mained the most concentrated.
In an attempt to follow the dye and show its configuration and
distribution during the June study, five isopleth maps (Figures 6-10)
were constructed from the tabulated data (Tables 2-6).
Although no data was collected for the construction of isopleth
maps on the morning of June 24, an aerial photograph (Aerial Photo 5)
shows the dye to be a relatively small patch four hours and twenty-eight
minutes after the dye drop. Because the patch was so small, we elected
to follow rather than disturb it by making traverses through the body.
Instead of developing the characteristic leading edge ball of concen-
trated dye and comet-like tail of the May drop, the June drop developed
an elliptical shape oriented in a northeast-southwest direction (Figure
6) and migrated slowly as compared to the relatively rapid movement of
the May drop.
Between 1415-1507 hrs (Figure 6) and 1830-2033 hrs (Figure 7) the
dye orientation appears to have rotated to an east-west direction with
three lobes extending toward the north. At 1610 hrs there remained a
visibly sharp southern and very diffuse northern boundary (Aerial Photo
6). By 1956 hrs the sharp southern boundary had disappeared (Aerial
Photo 7) and the dye was becoming more difficult to follow visually.
During the evening of June 24 and the early morning hours of June
25, the dye was tracked by using the fluorometer, but traverses were not
made.
-12-
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Figure 8 suggests there was not a great deal of difference between
the dye's shape on the morning of June 25 as compared to the isopleth
constructed between 1320-1503 hrs (Figure 9) the dye had migrated a
significant distance to the southwest and became more elongate in a
north-south direction and had become significantly dilute.
Between 1320-1503 hrs (Figure 9) and 1645-1900 hrs (Figure 10) the
most concentrated portion continued to move to the southwest and the
patch continued to become elongate to the north. Presumably, the north-
east-southwest elongation was in response to predominant westerly winds
and current flow to the south and southwest on falling tides and on
incoming tides a northeast component.
-13-
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IV. DISCUSSION
Predominant wind direction appears to influence, but not neces-
sarily dominate direction of dye migration. During the May drop, pre-
dominant winds in the area were from the east and northeast, and the dye
moved from Station 3F to the south and southwest—a direction consistent
with wind affected dye migration and falling tide. However, in June,
when winds were consistently from the west, overall movement of the dye
was to the south. Thus, although an offshore wind may help to move dye
away from the beach, an onshore wind of the velocities sampled will not
necessarily move dye onto the beaches. It is possible that the water
mass between 3F and the shoreline acts as a barrier and prevents east-
ward migration of the dye when the area is affected by a west wind.
There is an apparent discrepancy between the concentration of dye
in Figure 7 and Figure 8. The last transects taken on the evening of
June 24 show no concentration of dye in excess of 3.51 ppb, whereas the
next morning, 0804-0953 hrs, concentration in excess of seven (7) ppb
were recorded. This apparent discrepancy is a function of the operation
of the fluorometer and dye distribution. Because the fluorometer, when
it records increasing concentrations of dye automatically changes sensi-
tivity through a cycle of increasing sensitivity to minimum sensitivity,
when the dye is not spread out appreciably, the boat passes through the
high concentration before a record is made. On the evening of June 24,
according to the record from the recorder, the fluorometer passed through
-14-
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the various sensitivities associated with increasing concentration, but
passed through the most concentrated dye before a record of the high
concentration was complete.
-15-
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V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. A study was conducted to determine dye dispersion and movement
characteristics at the location of a proposed offshore wastewater
outfall.
2. Two dye drops and subsequent tracking were conducted. The
first was conducted on May 27, 1980 and the second on June 24, 1980.
3. In both cases, dye did not approach the beach. Rather, net
movement was to the southwest in May and south in June. May data is of
questionable value because of the short duration of the dye-tracking
endeavor.
4. Relative to other areas off the west coast of Florida, the
study area appears rich in reefs inhabitated by numerous fish species.*
Hence, an important recreational fishery appears to thrive in the area.
5. Because the dye approached the northern edge of one of the
major reef areas, serious consideration should be given to the biologi-
cal implications of placing a wastewater outfall in the study area.
*See Rept. No. EPA 904/9-82-102. Marine Sampling and Measurement Pro-
gram off Northern Pinellas County. U.S.E.P.A., Region 4, Atlanta, GA.
-16-
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APPENDIX
-17-
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Figure 1. Location of dye drop off the coast of Clearwater, Florida.
Station 3F is the location of dye drop.
A-l
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H 2 F
0845 0815 0750
T3 Q o— o—
T2
T2
\
0915 1735 1750 1813
~ S
\ !
SURFACE
0845 0815 0750
T3 o-^ o— o
0915 1735 1750 1813
T2 9 9 a-"
\ 1
MID-WATER
0845 0815 0750
T3 ^
I f
(f
0915 1735 1750 1813
BOTTOM
WIND
Figure 2. Summary of pertinent current directions at surface,
mid-water and bottom. Rising tide between 0750 - 0915
and 1700 - 1813 on June 24, 1980.
Current scale: 1mm = 5cm/sec; Wind scale: 1mm = lkm/hr
A-2
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fed
WIND
1635 1555 1305 1245
f \ \
SURFACE
1635 1555 1305 1245
T3 ^ \ \ \
MID-WATER
1635 1555 1305 1245
\ 1 \
BOTTOM
Figure 3. Summary of pertinent current directions at surface,
mid-water and bottom. Falling tide between 1245 - 1635
on June 24, 1980.
Wind scale: lmm = lkm/hr; Current scale: 1mm = 5cm/sec
A-3
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T4
T2
T4
T3
T2
T4
T3
T2
H G F E
1030 1055 1115 1130
f ^ / \
1000R 0930R 1220 1150
T3
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Figure 5. Migration of dye from 1245 to 1850 hours, May 27, 1980, and
migration of the dye's center from 0327 hours, June 24, 1980 to
1900 hours, June 25, 1980. Station 3F is the location of dye
drop.
A-5
-------
NPCE A DTE CONC , ppt
CONTOUH tMTFRVAl-I.Oppb
6 t4 *0
141#- I 007 h««.
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4««0
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Table 1 . Loran coordinates of dye's final location on May 27, 1980
and coordinates of dye centers for five discrete sample
locations in June.
Date
Time
Site
Loran Coordinates
5-27-80
1850
14245.1
44877.4
6-24-80
6-24-80
1415-1507
1830-2033
I
II
14248.8
14249.1
44869.1
44868.5
6-25-80
6-25-80
6-25-80
0804-0953 III
1320-1503 IV
1654-1900 V
14250.8
14246.2
14245.1
44871.4
44868.8
44867.9
B—1
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Table 2
Time, transect run, Loran coordinates (LOP)
and dye concentration (ppb) for sample
Location I on June 24, 1980 (1415-1501).
RUN #
TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
1415
14249.80
44867.30
0.00
3.16
49.87
68.20
1.40
1
49.90
68.49
>3.60
1
49.91
68.67
1.65
1
50.03
70.00
.87
3.16
1422
14250.10
44870.90
1.30
3.16
1422
14250.10
44870.90
1.30
3.16
49.90
71.00
.25
3.16
49.50
71.20
1.50
3.16
49.38
70.76
2.10
3.16
48.98
69.32
1.35
1
48.77
68.56
>3.50
1
1434
14248.40
44867.20
.40
1
1436
14248.10
44868.2 0
0.00
3.16
48.21
68.49
>3.50
1
48.51
69.24
2.35
1
48.55
69.35
1.50
1
48.78
69.93
.25
1
1445
14249.00
44870.50
o.oo
3.16
1459
14247.50
44869.80
.37
1
47.56
69.80
2.50
3.16
47.65
69.80
1.40
10
47.68
69.80
.25
1
47.73
69.80
1.40
3.16
1501
14247.80
44869.80
1.75
10
B-2
Ppb
0.00
2.85
>7.14
3.36
0.57
0.85
0.85
0.16
0.98
1.38
2.75
>7.14
0.81
0.00
>7.14
4.79
3.06
0.51
0.00
0.75
1.64
0.29
0.51
0.92
0.36
-------
Table 3 . Time, transect run, Loran coordinates
(LOP) and dye concentrations (ppb) for sample
Location II on June 24, 1980 (1830-2033)
RUN #
TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
PPb
1
1830
14247.80
44870.20
.25
3.16
0.16
48.12
68.98
1.80
3.16
1.18
48.60
67.15
.80
1
1.63
48.76
66.54
1.75
1
3.57
49. 08
65.32
.70
1
1.42
1840
14249.40
44864.10
0.00
1
0. 00
2
1843
14249.50
44865.70
0.00
1
0.00
1844
14249.70
44865.90
0.00
1
0.00
3
1844
14249.D
44865.90
0.00
1
0.00
49.74
65.84
1.80
3.16
1.18
49.83
65.70
.75
3.16
0.49
49. 96
C5.50
.15
3.16
0.09
1847
14250.10
44865.30
0.00
3.16
0. 00
4
1850
14249.80
44864.90
0.00
3.16
0.0
49.75
64.94
.48
3.16
0.31
49.63
65.03
.80
3.16
0.52
49.55
65.10
.25
3.16
0.16
49.50
65.14
.75
3.16
0.49
49.43
65.20
1.00
3.16
0.65
1853
14249.30
44865.30
1.65
3.16
1.08
5
1855
14249.00
44864.90
0.00
3.16
0.00
49.04
65.31
3.40
3.16
1.08
49.12
66.12
0.00
1
0.00
49.24
67.33
1.12
1
2.28
49.32
68.14
1.00
1
2.04
49.40
68.95
.13
1
0.26
49.48
69.76
0.00
1
0.00
B-3
-------
Table 3 .
Continued
(LOP) and
Location
. Time, transect run
dye concentrations
II on June 24, 1980
, Loran coordinates
(ppb) for sample
(1830-2033).
RUN
# TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
(PPb)
5
1855
49.68
71.79
1.60
3.16
1. 05
49.72
72.19
1.00
3.16
0.65
1905
14249.80
44873.00
.40
3.16
0.26
6
1907
14249.70
44872.80
.10
3.16
0.06
49.46
71.84
1.00
3.16
0.65
49.22
70.88
1.75
.3.16
1.15
49. 04
70.16
2.85
3.16
1.87
48.86
69.44
.40
1
0.81
48.68
68.72
.75
1
1.53
1915
14248.50
44868.00
0.00
3.16
0.00
7
2028
14249.70
44868.00
.12
3.16
0.07
49.82
68. 08
.65
3.16
0.42
49.94
68.16
4.90
3.16
3.22
50.18
68.32
1.10
1
2.24
2030
14250.30
44868.40
. 60
1
1.22
8
2030
14250.30
44868.40
.60
1
1.22
50.35
68.33
.25
1
0.51
50.40
68.25
0.00
1
0.00
50.47
68.15
0.00
1
0.00
2033
14250.50
44868.10
.85
1
1.73
-------
Table 4. Time, transect run, Loran coordinates (LOP) and
dye concentrations (ppb) for sample Location III
N #
on June
TIME
25, 1980
LOP
(0804-0902)
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
ppb
1
0804
14251.10
44866.60
0.00
3.16
0.00
51.43
68.96
1.10
3.16
0.72
51.53
69.74
0.75
3.16
0.49
51.62
70.40
0.35
3.16
0.23
51.88
72.30
0.60
3.16
0.39
52.01
73.25
0.30
3.16
0.19
52.27
75.15
1.25
3.16
0.82
0824
14252.40
44876.10
1.90
3.16
1.25
2
0824
14252.40
44876.10
1.90
3.16
1.25
52.45
77.05
0.70
3.16
0.46
0828
14252.50
44878.00
0.10
3.16
0.06
3
0828
14252.50
44878.00
0.10
3.16
0.06
52.55
76.80
0.15
3.16
0.09
52.58
76.20
0.85
3.16
0.55
0834
14252.60
44875.60
1.75
3.16
1.15
4
0834
14252.60
44875.60
1.75
3.16
1.15
52.25
75.19
1.60
3.16
1.05
0842
14251.97
44874.86
1.10
3.16
0.72
5
0850
14251.40
44874.20
0.85
1
1.73
51.05
73.02
0.25
1
0.51
50.67
71.76
1.00
1
2.04
50.30
70.50
1.25
1
2.55
49.95
69.32
>3.50
1
>7.14
49.75
68.65
0.00
1
0.00
0902
14249.20
44866.80
0.00
1
0.00
-------
Table 4. Continued. Time, transect run, Loran coordinates (LOP)
and dye concentrations (ppb) for sample Location III
on June 25, 1980 (0902-0953).
RUN #
TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY ppb
6
0902
14249.20
44866.80
0.00
1 0.00
49.60
67.63
1.00
1 2.04
50.00
68.45
2.10
1 4.28
49.73
68.98
3.30
1 6.73
0907
14250.80
44870.10
2.00
1 4.08
7
0907
14250.80
44870.10
2.00
1 4.08
50.67
70.57
2.25
1 4.59
50.46
71.30
0.95
1 1.93
50.30
71.91
1.40
1 2.85
49.95
73.15
0.65
1 1.32
0915
14249.60
44874.40
0.15
1 0.30
8
0915
14249.60
44874.40
0.15
1 0.30
49.50
73.50
0.00
1 0.00
49.20
70.80
1.25
1 2.55
0919
14249.10
44869.90
1.10
1 2.24
9
0919
14249.10
44869.90
1.10
1 2.24
49.05
69.99
2.25
1 4.59
48.94
70.16
1.35
1 2.75
48.88
70.25
0.50
1 1.02
48.82
70.36
0.00
1 0.00
48.72
70.52
1.00
1 2.04
48.68
70.58
2.00
1 4.08
48.60
70.70
>3.50
1 >7.14
0930
14248.50
44870.50
0.00
1 0.00
10
0932
14248.50
44870.50
0.10
1 0.20
48.62
70.50
0.15
1 0.30
48.74
70.50
0.00
1 0.00
0937
14248.80
44870.50
0.15
1 0.30
-------
Table 4. Continued. Time, transect run, Loran coordinates (LOP)
and dye concentrations (ppb) for sample Location III
on June 25, 1980 (0902-0953).
RUN #
TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
PPb
11
0937
0946
14248.80
49.30
50.02
14250.78
44870.50
71.57
73.16
44874.80
0.15
0.00
0.60
0.15
1
1
1
1
0.30
0.00
1.22
0.30
12
0946
0947
14250.78
14250.63
44874.80
44875.25
0.15
0.25
1
1
0.30
0.51
13
0947
0948
14250.63
14250.43
44875.25
44875.35
0.25
0.25
1
1
0.51
0.51
14
0953
14250.30
44872.10
1.00
2.04
B-7
-------
Table 5 . Time, transect run, Loran coordinates
(LOP) and dye concentrations (ppb) for sample
Location IV on June 25, 1980 (1320-1456).
RUN #
TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
1320
14248.10
44869.80
0.85
3.16
47.47
68.77
1.70
3.16
1327
14247.00
44868.00
>3.20
3.16
1353
14245.60
44870.80
0.00
3.16
45.14
69.28
0.80
3.16
45.04
68.95
0.40
3.16
44.92
68.56
2.10
3.16
44.83
68.26
1.90
3.16
44.70
67.83
0.85
3.16
1357
14244.60
44867.50
0.00
3.16
1401
14245.20
44865.40
0.00
3.16
1403
14245.10
44865.60
0.10
3.16
45.82
67.48
2.95
3.16
46.94
70.03
1.20
3.16
47.08
70.77
0.85
3.16
47.48
71.80
0.35
3.16
47.80
72.65
0.85
3.16
48.09
73.40
0.80
3.16
1420
14248.70
44875.00
0.30
3.16
1420
14248.70
44875.00
0.30
3.16
48.80
74.34
0.00
3.16
48.90
73.68
0.40
3.16
1422
14249.00 44873.00
0.75
3.16
0.55
1.11
>2.10
0.00
0.52
0.26
1.38
1.25
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.06
1.94
0.78
0.55
0.23
0.55
0.52
0.19
0.19
0.00
0.26
0.49
B-8
-------
Table 5
Continued. Time, transect run, Loran coordinates
(LOP) and dye concentrations (ppb) for sample
Location IV on June 25, 1980 (1220-1503).
RUN #
TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
1422
1425
14249.00
48.95
14248.90
44873.00
71.60
44870.20
0.50
0.70
0.30
3.16
3.16
3.16
0.32
0.46
0.19
6
1425
14248.90
44870.20
0.30
3.16
0.19
48.45
68.86
0.20
3.16
0.13
47.76
66.79
0.35
3.16
0.23
1433
14247.30
4486.54
0.50
3.16
0.32
14247.30
44865.40
0.50
3.16
0.32
46.75
65.19
0.85
3.16
0.55
46.45
65.08
1.45
3.16
0.95
45.89
64.87
1.70
3.16
1.11
45.45
64.70
1.20
3.16
0.78
45.19
64.60
1.65
3.16
1.08
44.75
64.43
1.20
3.16
0.78
44.49
64.34
1.50
3.16
0.98
44.19
64.22
1.20
3.16
0.78
44.04
66.63
0.00
3.16
0.00
14243.60
44864.00
0.00
3.16
0.00
1451
14244.00
44864.30
0.10
3.16
0.06
44.16
63.70
0.90
3.16
0.59
44.26
63.31
1.80
3.16
1.18
1454
14244.40
44862.80
0.65
3.16
0.42
(Incidental point
included to
facilitate
plotting dye perimet
(1)1455
14244.50
44862.00
0.05
3.16
0.03
1456
14244.50
44862.60
0.08
3.16
0.52
44.27
63.29
1.40
3.16
0.92
44.19
63.52
2.20
3.16
1.44
44.04
63.99
2.90
3.16
1.90
43.80
64.71
2.55
3.16
1.67
43.53
65.50
1.40
3.16
0.92
1503
14243.40
44865.90
0.40
3.16
0.26
B-9
-------
Table 6. Time, transect run, Loran coordinates
(LOP) and dye concentrations (ppb) for sample
Location V on June 25, 1980 (1645-1900).
RUN # TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
ppb
1 1645
14244.50
44864.00
1.40
3.16
0.92
44.55
64.95
1.30
3.16
0.85
1648
14244.60
44865.90
1.40
3.16
0.92
2 1648
14244.60
44865.90
1.40
3.16
0.92
43. 98
65.78
1.65
3.16
1. 08
43.30
65.64
2.00
3.16
1.31
43.13
65.61
1.20
3.16
0.78
42.95
65.57
1.70
3.16
1.11
42.75
65.53
1.20
3.16
0.78
42.50
65.48
1.50
3.16
0.98
1703
14242.10
44865.40
.45
3.16
0.29
3 1705
14242.40
44865.70
0.05
3.16
0.03
42.60
66.19
0.55
3.16
0.36
42.80
66.68
1.15
3.16
0.75
43.00
67.17
0.65
3.16
0.42
43. 30
67.91
0.25
3.16
0.16
43.70
68.89
0.80
3.16
0.52
44.00
69.62
0.60
3.16
0.39
1715
14244.40
44870.60
0.35
3.16
0.23
4 1715
14244.4 0
44870.60
0.35
3.16
0.23
44.79
69.59
0.60
3.16
0.39
45.38
68.08
1.15
3.16
0.75
45.74
67.14
0.80
3.16
0.52
47.91
66.71
0.95
3.16
0.62
46.19
65.99
0.80
3.16
0.52
46.50
65.20
0.80
3.16
0.52
46.78
64.48
0.50
3.16
0.32
1737
14247.20
44863.40
0.10
3.16
0.06
B-10
-------
Table 6. Continued. Tiiue, transect run, Loran coordinates
(LOP) and dye concentrations (ppb) for sample
Location V on June 25, 1980 (1645-1900).
RUN # TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
PPb
5 1737
14247.20
44863.40
0.10
3.16
0. 06
47.65
64.10
0.00
3.16
0.00
1738
14248.10
44864.80
0.00
3.16
0.00
6 1738
14248.10
44864.80
0.00
3.16
0.00
47.88
64 .94
0.00
3.16
0.00
47.53
65.16
0.10
3.16
0. 06
1740
14247.30
44865.30
0.15
3.16
0.09
7 1740
14247.30
44865.30
0.15
3.16
0.09
46.90
65.30
0.40
3.16
0.26
46.45
65.30
0.65
3.16
0.42
46.00
65.30
0.65
3.16
0.42
45.80
65.30
0.90
3.16
0.59
45.15
65.30
1.35
3.16
0.88
44.50
65.30
1.70
3.16
1.11
43.65
65.30
1.10
3.16
0.72
43.40
65.30
1.40
3.16
0.92
43.20
65.30
1.10
3.16
0.72
43.00
65.30
1.30
3.16
0.85
42.85
65.30
0.75
3.16
0.49
44.55
65.30
3.16
1800
14242.30
44865.30
0.15
3.16
0.09
8 1807
14242.90
44864.70
0.00
3.16
0.00
43.26
63.75
0.55
3.16
0.36
43.55
63.00
0.90
3.16
0.59
44.75
62.29
0.40
3.16
0.26
1814
14244.20
44861.30
0.05
3.16
0.03
9 1820
14243.40
44862.30
0.00
3.16
0.00
43.75
63.75
0.40
3.16
0.26
1824
14242.70
44865.20
0.15
3.16
0.09
B-ll
-------
Table 6 .
Continued. Time, transect run, Loran coordinates
(LOP) and dye concentrations (ppb) for sample
Location V on June 25, 1980 (1645-1900).
TIME
LOP
VOLTAGE
SENSITIVITY
PPb
1827
14243.20
44866.30
0.00
3. 16
0.00
43.46
66.97
1.15
3.16
0.75
43.62
67. 3S
0.95
3.16
0.62
43.71
67.64
1.10
3.16
0.72
4 3.94
68. 23
0.30
3.16
0.19
44. 06
68. 59
1.20
3.16
0.78
44.54
69.83
0.55
3.16
0. 36
44.99
71.00
0.80
3.16
0. 52
45.22
71. 59
0.25
3.16
0.16
45.38
72. 01
0.65
3.16
0.42
45.86
73.27
0.35
3.16
0.23
1845
14246.40
44874.70
0.05
3.16
0.03
1848
14246.80
44873.80
0.05
3.16
0.03
46.64
72.26
0.40
3.16
0.26
46.47
70.63
0.65
3.16
0.42
46.05
66.60
0.40
3.16
0.26
1900
14246.70
44864.20
0.00
3.16
0.00
B-12
-------
Aerial Photo 1. Showing dye patch three minutes after being
o released on May 27th (Altitude 400 ft).
developed 20 minutes after dye drop on
May 27th (Altitude 1,000 ft).
Aerial Photo 2. Dye patch eleven minutes after being
released on May 27th (Altitude 800 ft).
Aerial Photo 4. Leading edge of most concentrated dye
and long comet-like tail, two hours and
seven minutes after May 27th release
(Altitude 800 ft).
-------
Aerial Photo 5. Dye is a relatively small patch
four hours and twenty-eight minutes
after the June dye drop - 0755 hours
(Altitude 1,700 ft).
Aerial Photo 6.
Southern boundary of dye (lower part
of picture) is much sharper thatn dif-
fuse northern boundary at 1610 hours,
June 24th (Altitude 2,300 ft).
C-2
-------
Aerial Photo 7. Showing loss of sharp
southern boundary and more
diffuse dye at 1956 hours
(Altitude 1,700 ft).
C-3
~ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1984-752-340/19064
------- |