U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DIAMOND LAKE STUDIES - 1971
Progress Report No. 1
Working Paper #8
by
William D. Sanville and Charles Powers
National Eutrophication Research Program
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of
National Environmental Research Center—Corvallis

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DIAMOND LAKE STUDIES - 1971
Progress Report No. 1
Working Paper #8
by
William D. Sanville and Charles Powers
National Eutrophication Research Program
National Eutrophication Research Program
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center, Corvallis
Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
March 1973

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CONTENTS
Eige
Introduction 		1
Methods and Materials. . .		2
Figure No. 1 - Map of Sampling Sites at Diamond Lake ...	3
Results			4
Physical - Chemical	• • • •	4
Temperature		4
Dissolved Oxygen	'		4
pH		4
Conductivity 		4
Transparency 		5
Phosphorus			5
Nitrogen 		5
Carbon 		6
Alkalinity		6
Silica ... .		6
Metals 		6
Bottom Sediments		6
Figure 2 - Map of Bottom Sediment Transects		7
Biological		8
Phytoplankton		8
Aquatic Macrophytes		8
Zooplankton		8
Figure 3 - Number of Phytoplankton 		9
Figure 4 - Chlorophyll Concentration 		10
Benthic Fauna		11
Discussion		11
Bibliography 		13
Appendix		14

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CONTENTS Cont'd
Page
Table 1 Water Quality, Diamond Lake June 3, 1971		15
Table 2 Water Quality, Diamond Lake July 7, 1971		16
Table 3 Water Quality, Diamond Lake August 3, 1971. ...	17
Table 4 Water Quality, Diamond Lake September 1, 1971 . .	18
Table 5 Water Quality, Diamond Lake September 27, 1971. .	18
Table 6 Water Quality, Diamond Lake October 7, 1971 . . .	18
Table 7 Chemical Analysis of Diamond Lake Sediments ...	19
Table 8 Zooplankton Ratios Per Aliquot of Sample		20
Table 9 Average Zooplankton Dry Weights		20
Table 10 Macrobenthos - Number of Organisms		21
Table 10 Macrobenthos - Number of Organisms (Continued). .	22

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INTRODUCTION
Many of the mountain lakes in Oregon and Washington are subject
to heavy recreational use during the non-winter months. Intensive
human use frequently results in greatly increased nutrient flux to
lakes with a consequent acceleration of eutrophication rates and
degradation of water quality.
The National Eutrophication Research Program (NERP) of the
Environmental Protection Agency has undertaken research programs on
several recreational lakes located in Central Oregon's National Forest
boundaries. One of these is Diamond Lake located in the Umpqua
National Forest. Diamond Lake has received heavy recreational
use and intensive fisheries management by the Oregon Game Commission
for many years. The combination of accessibility, good fishing, rare
scenery, extensive Forest Service campground, and lodge facilities
has made the lake and its immediate environs one of the most heavily
utilized recreational facilities in Oregon. A report issued by the
U. S. Forest Service (Anonymous 1967) reported a total of 307,474
visitor days in 1965, and estimated an increase by 1970 to 502,000.
National forest Service campgrounds have been developed on the
southeast, east, and northwest sides of Diamond Lake. The remainder of
the west side is occupied by recreation residences, including a YMCA
camp. A resort complex is located on the northeast corner of the lake.
Prior to 1966, sewage disposal from these facilities was by means
of septic tanks and pit toilets. In 1966, a project was undertaken to
construct a sewage interceptor system and treatment facility which
would serve the south and east sides of the lake. Wastes from the
campgrounds, resort area, and a nearby trailer court would be intercepted
and carried to treatment lagoons located outside the drainage basin of
the lake. In 1971, collection of wastes from the east shore campgrounds
was initiated. Effluent from the lodge, however, continued to be
disposed through the existing septic tank system. The National Forest
Service plans are to include the lodge complex in the interceptor
system as soon as possible.
One of the objectives of the National Eutrophication Research
Program is to determine the effectiveness of various lake restoration
techniques and procedures. The Diamond Lake waste interception program
offered an excellent opportunity to observe the results of diverting
algal growth stimulating nutrients from the lake, and to devise possible
ancillary procedures if waste diversion alone proves to be less
1

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effective than desired. Yearly Progress Reports will be written to
present the water quality data, evaluate changes that have occurred
during the previous year and elucidate the results of any new studies.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Limnological investigations of Diamond Lake were initiated on
June 3, 1971, about one week after ice-out. Seven sampling stations
(Fig. 1) were established, three on the central axis of the lake, and
four around the periphery adjacent to the campgrounds, summer homes,
and lodge. Water samples were collected at 5-meter depth intervals
and the bottom of each station with a winch-mounted 9-liter PVC Van
Dorn water sampling bottle. The samples were stored in the shade for
a maximum of four hours before processing or were stabilized immediately.
Dissolved oxygen samples were stabilized by addition of alkali-iodide-
azide and manganese sulfate used in the azide modification of the
Winkler dissolved oxygen determination method. Samples were taken to
shore at four hour intervals for stabilization with mercuric chloride
and nitric acid and for pH, conductivity, orthophosphorus, and
dissolved oxygen determinations. The remaining chemical determinations
were conducted at PNERL-Corvallis. All determinations followed
standard EPA methodology (EPA 1971).
Temperature and pH, when possible, were measured in situ. Temperature
was measured at 1 meter intervals with a Whitney Model CTU-3 resistance
thermometer.* A Beckman Electromate pH meter with a submersible Lazaran
probe was used to measure in situ pH, and a Beckman combination electrode
was used for measurements ashore. Conductivity was determined with
a Beckman Model RC16B2 conductivity bridge. Transparency was measured
with a 20 cm white secchi disc. Triplicate zooplankton vertical hauls
were taken at the three deep stations with a 1 ft diameter #10 mesh
plankton net which was lowered to the bottom of the lake and pulled
slowly to the surface. The samples were stabilized in a 10 percent
formalin solution. Phytoplankton samples were collected with a Van
Dorn water sampling bottle at the surface and 5 m depth intervals and
preserved in 3 percent formalin. These samples were later counted using
a Sedgewick-Rafter counting cell. A modification of the clump count
(American Public Health Association 1965) was used. An average number
of cells for all filamentous forms was determined and this was multiplied
by the number of filaments to give a final cell number. Triplicate
benthic samples were taken at each station with a Ponar grab, washed
through a standard #30 mesh screen, and preserved in 10 percent formalin.
* Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use by the Environmental Protection
Agency.
2

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DIAMOND LAKE
CONTOURS IN FEET

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Chlorophyll analyses were conducted on samples collected from each
depth interval (Strickland and Parsons 1965).
RESULTS
Physical - Chemical
Temperature
Summer thermal stratification was observed the first week in July
and continued until mid-September, when fall circulation occurred. A
well-developed hypolimnion was found only at the center station (14m).
The remaining stations were shallower and the thermocline, when present,
extended to the bottom. Maximum surface temperature was 23.0°C on
August 3. Maximum hypolimnetic temperature recorded was 11°C on
September 1 (Tables 1-6).
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolyed oxygen began to decline in the deeper water immediately
after the thermocline developed, reaching a minimum of 0.2 mg/1 at the
bottom of the center station on September 1. Oxygen depletion also
occurred at the bottom of both the north center and south center stations
but mintmuin levels there were higher, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/1, respectively.
Surface oxygen concentration remained stable throughout the summer
(.8 mg/1). Surface percent oxygen saturation levels reached a high
of 126 percent at the summer nome station on September 7 but generally
ayeraged 100-110 percent saturation. Percent saturation values below
the thermocline were very low at the bottom of the center station
but most of the locations remained in the general range of 80-100
percent (Tables 1-6).
£K
The pH reached a surface maximum (pH 9) on September 1. Lowest
values were recorded at the bottom of the deeper stations, where a
minimum of 6.5 was observed at the center station on September 1. There
was a general increase in pH at the surface and near-surface depths as
the season progressed until onset of the fall circulation (Tables 1-6).
Conductivity
Surface conductivity values remained fairly constant throughout the
season. The range of values was 30 to 36 ymho/cm, corrected to 25°C.
Conductivity increased in the deeper stations in August and September,
reaching a maximum of 37.5 ymho/cm (Tables 1-6).
4

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Transparency
Secchi disc measurements varied from 1.8m (6 ft)	to 7.6m (25 ft).
The maximum occurred in August when algal density was	generally low;
the minimum occurred immediately after ice-out when a	heavy phytoplankton
(diatom) growth was present (Tables 1-6).
Phosphorus
Orthophosphate in the lake ranged from < 0.002 mg P/l to > 0.06 mg
P/l. The > 0.06 P/l value resulted because insufficient sample was
collected to conduct a second analysis after the phosphate concentrations
exceeded the spectophotometric scale on the first analysis. Highest
concentrations were found in the hypolimnion of the center station
on August 3. Orthophosphate values of Silent Creek, the major inflowing
tributary, were consistently greater than those in the lake, averaging
about 0.05 mg P/l. In Lake Creek, the major outflowing tributary,
concentrations were consistent with the surface values of the lake.
Total phosphorus ranged from approximately 0.02 mg P/l at the
surface to a maximum of 0.25 mg P/l in the hypolimnion. Surface total
phosphorus decreased from June through August, June values averaging
about 0.05 mg P/l, and August about 0.02 mg P/l. There was a considerable
increase in total phosphorus in the hypolimnion with a maximum of 0.25 mg
P/l at the center station in August. After fall circulation, the
concentration from surface to bottom was uniformly 0.13 mg P/l. Silent
Creek total phosphorus levels were consistently higher than those of the
lake surface (after the June Lake maximum), averaging about 0.50 mg P/l.
Lake Creek followed the pattern seen in the lake with a peak in June
followed by decreasing concentrations during the summer (Tables 1-6).
Nitrogen
Nitrite remained below 0.002 mg N/1 for the entire summer. Nitrate
was low, only exceeding 0.01 mg N/1 on a single occasion. Highest total
Kjeldahl nitrogen occurred in June, averaging 0.8 mg N/1 and lowest
values were observed in August, with an average of 0.4 mg N/1. The
highest single value occurred in a surface sample collected at the
campground in August. Concentrations rose again in September, reaching
levels equivalent to those observed in June. Silent Creek total Kjeldahl
nitrogen concentrations were consistently lower than the lake, but Lake
Creek values were similar.
Ammonia concentrations were quite low, although an increase at the
deeper stations occurred following the development of thermal stratification.
Surface concentrations ranged from < 0.001 mg N/1 to 0.015 mg N/1. A
maximum of 0.17 mg N/1 occurred at the bottom of the center station during
August. Ammonia concentrations in Silent Creek were lower than those in
5

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the lake for the entire sampling period and Lake Creek was about the same
as the lake (Tables 1-6).
Carbon
Total inorganic carbon remained relatively constant, varying from
< 1 to 6 mg C/l. Some increase occurred in the deeper sections of the
lake after the onset of thermal stratification. Total organic carbon
was highest in June and declined thereafter. Total carbon ranged
from 3 mg C/l to a maximum of 9 mg C/l. Concentrations remained about
the same for June, July and August but a definite reduction occurred
in September. Samples collected on September 27 suggested that values
increased after fall circulation (Tables 1-6).
Alkalinity
Total alkalinity values were relatively constant during the summer,
ranging between 16 and 23 mg/l as CaCCh. Concentrations increased in
the hypolimnion and returned to a relatively homogenous state after fall-
circulation (Tables 1-6).
Silica
Soluble silica concentrations decreased after June and then remained
relatively constant. Surface concentrations, in June, averaged about
15 mg Si/1 and decreased to approximately 9 mg Si/1 for the duration of
the sampling season. Silica concentration apparently increased with
depth. Silica near the bottom of the center station remained consistently
higher than at the other stations, averaging about 12 mg Si/1. Concentrations
at the center station during fall circulation (18 mg Si/1) were slightly
higher than those in June (15 mg Si/1). Silent Creek silica values
were much higher than the lake values, ranging from 35.0 to 38.5 mg
Si/1. Lake Creek was similar to the lake and reflected the same seasonal
decrease (Tables 1-6).
Metals
Metal values were very low. Calcium ranged from 1.7 to 2.9 mg
Ca/1, magnesium from 0.9 to 1.1 mg Mg/1, sodium from 2.4 to 3.2 mg Na/1
and potassium from 0.8 to 1.9 mg K/l (Tables 1-6).
Bottom Sediments
Four transects (Figure 2) were conducted on the lake to determine
sediment types and sediment nutrient content. Detailed results of
sediment analyses are shown in Table 7. Average percent dry weights
of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron were 0.7, 0.97 0.052, and
0.16 respectively. The physical appearance of the sediment was relatively
6

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DIAMOND LAKE
CONTOURS IN FEE!

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uniform throughout the lake, a soft homogenous silt, except for the
sandy near-shore zones, macrophyte beds, and areas near the lodge.
The latter two locations contained considerable amounts of organic matter.
Biological
Phytopl ankton
Pliytoplankton populations declined after the June sampling date
(Figure 3) but increased dramatically once again in September. Maximum
surface counts were about 3900 organisms per ml in June and 15,000
in late September. Minimum counts were approximately 50 organisms
per ml and were encountered in early September. The June maximum consisted
of about 50 percent pennate diatoms which disappeared by August. The
late summer phytoplankton populations were dominated by blue-green algae
with coccoid and filamentous forms predominating during early and late
August respectively, the filamentous forms being Gloeotrichia sp. and
Anabaena sp. However, an extensive bloom of Anabaena occurred after
our last complete sampling date (September 1). Numbers in excess of
15,000 cells per ml were found at the center station on September 27, 1971,
the only station visited on that date.
Chlorophyll analysis was conducted during the sampling period but
concentrations were often below the limits of the method used. Two
peak periods of growth were measured, a maximum in June associated with
the diatom bloom and a September maximum associated with the blue-green
bloom (Fig 4). The maximum values obtained in June were in the range
14-23 mg/m3, and those in September were about 32 mg/nr.
Aquatic Macrophytes
No quantitative data were obtained on the biomass or productivity
of aquatic macrophytes, however, extensive beds were found along most
of the shore zones. These appeared to reach a maximum in July and
declined during the remainder of the summer. By late August, most of
the macrophyte beds were no longer observed at the surface except for
isolated areas at the inlet and outlet.
Zooplankton
The majority of zooplankton consisted of Cladocera; however, a few
Copepoda and Rotifera were also observed. Table 8 illustrates the
approximate ratio of organisms present at each sampling date. The
maximum number of organisms occurred July 7 when the average dry weights
were between 0.256 and 0.232 mg/1 (Table 9).
8

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Predominant
Forms
Predominar
Genera
I OfOOOh
fh
O
o
-I
-J
UJ
o
Q
UJ
Ljl
a
o
E
\
(/>
2E
CO
z
<
e>
a:
o

1,000:
I 00-
Pennate
Diatoms
Blue Green
Filamentous
Blue Green
Blue Green
Filamentous
July	Aug
SAMPLING DATE
FIGURE 3

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SAMPLING DATE
FIOIJRF A

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Benthic Fauna
The greatest quantity of benthic organisms was found at the center
station, where a maximum of 16,975 organisms/m2 was obtained. This
station was consistently higher than the others, with numbers of organisms
varying between 9,641 and 16,975 organisms/m . Chironomidae (midges) were
the dominate benthic organisms. In certain areas Oligochaeta were also
quite common (Table 10).
DISCUSSION
Diamond Lake is a productive lake. Nutrient analysis indicates
moderate total phosphorus values ranging from 0.04 - 0.20 mg P/l.
Deep water strata suffer from oxygen depletion (0.2 mg 0/1) and
increase in phosphorus concentration during late summer. Phosphorus
values in the water column increased considerably after fall
circulation. Associated with the decreasing oxygen concentrations was
a concomitant increase in ammonia. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen exceeded
1.0 mg N/1 on one occasion indicating moderate productivity. Maximum
pH values were about 9.0 and secchi disc measurements ranged from 1.8
to 7.6 m.
Phytoplankton populations were at a maximum in June and September,
the early bloom being almost exclusively diatoms and the later blooms
consisting almost exclusively of Gloeotrichia sp. and Anabaena sp.
Low phytoplankton concentrations occurred during the mid-sunmer months
but at the same time, extensive areas of the littoral zone supported
large beds of aquatic macrophytes.
Because the macrophyte beds were not quantitively sampled, it is
impossible to estimate their productivity. A possible explanation for
the low phytoplankton levels during the period from July - August is
that the nutrients were tied up in the macrophytes and were unavailable
for phytoplankton growth. Total phosphorus increased to about 0.130 mg
P/l after fall circulation indicating that a considerable amount of
phosphorus may have been recycled from the deeper water. As stated
earlier in the report, heavy blooms of Anabaena occurred in late September
and October, indicating that sufficient nutrients were available to
stimulate growth. Low dissolved oxygen and the presence of Anabaena under
winter ice cover were observed in February 1972, indicating that the bloom
may last late into the fall or early winter.
Benthic and zooplankton data indicate a fairly diverse population,
again suggesting that the lake is not grossly productive. The deeper
benthic population was composed mainly of chironomids but a shallow
water amphipod has been found in considerable numbers (Oregon State Game
Commission 1946-1968) in sandy littoral areas not sampled by us.
11

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Although the lake is quite productive, it has not reached the stage
of extreme eutrophication. The measures now being taken to divert the
waste water from the lake may retard the rate at which the lake eutrophies.
The rate of eutrophication is dependent on the influx of nutrients to
the lake and any reduction in nutrient inflow would be expected to retard
this process.
12

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anonymous, 1967. An Evaluation of Waste Collection and Treatment Needs
at Diamond Lake Oregon.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1971. Methods for Chemical Analysis
of Water and Wastes. U. S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington D. C.
American Public Health Association, 1971. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition.
Strickland, J. D. H. and T. R. Parsons, 1965. A Manual of Seawater
Analysis. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
125 p.
Oregon State Game Commission, Fisheries Division, 1946-1969. Annual
Reports.
13

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APPENDIX

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Teaq>
Secchl

Loc.
Depth0
°C
ft
P«
NCH*
Sur
6.4

8.1

5
6.1

8.0

10
5.2

7.4
CH
Sur
6.6
7.5


5
6.0



10
5.8



13
5.3


SCH
Sur
6.5
7.0
8.7

5
6.4

8.0

8
6.4


Ldg
Sur
7.0
7.5
8.0

6
6.0

B.2
ThV
Sur
6.0
6.5
7.2

6
5.1

7.2
SmH
Sur
7.5
7.0
8.5

S
7.2

8.6
eg
Sur
8.0
6.0
8.5

6
7.4

8.5
sc
LC
*NCH-North Center Hole
CH -Center Hole
SCH-South Center Hole
tdg-Lodge
ThV-Thielson View Campground
SmH-Sunmer Homes
Cg -Campground (South)
SC -Silent Creek
LC -Lake Creek
TABLE 1
^n(j Water quality. Diamond Lake June 3, 11
0.0, X unho/ T.S. 0-P T-P NOj NOj NHj "TkjTN
mg/1 Sat, cm cig/1 rog/1 ntg/1 ntg/1 mg/1 ag/1 mg/1
11.9
117
31.0
30
.005
.058

<.001U .002
0.8
12.0
116
31.3
31
<.005
.170

.003
<.001
0.8
10.0
96
31.8
5
<.005
.054

.004
.038
0.0
11.9
117

46
<.005
.040

.002
O
o
V
0.6
11.8
114

16
<.005
.054

.002
<.001
0.7
11.1
107

20
<.005
.046

.001
<.001
0.7
9.9
95

6
<.005
.054

.004
.037
0.8
12.1
120
31.1
17
.017
.050

.001
<.001
0.8
11.8
115
31.2
32
<¦005
.050

.001
<.001
0.8


31.3
13
<.005
.048
o
o
.006
.005
0.7
11.2
108
31.1
16
<.005
.054
V
.004
<.001
0.8
11.6
113


<.005
.056
5
<•001
A
©
o
0.7
10.9
104


.015
.056

.004
.012
0.9
11.6
118
31.7
26
<.005
.052

.001
<.001
0.6
11.8
118
31.7
30
<.005
.058

<•001
<.001
0.7
11.6
120
30.9
9
.027
.052

.001
<.001
0.6
11.8
120
30.5
23
<•005
.052

.002
<.001
O.b


35.7
28
.053
.046

.003
.001
0.2


30.9
31
<.005
.050

.002
<.001
0.6
15
i








Sol

Org.N
TIC
T0C
TC
ALK
Ca
Mg
Na
K
SI

mg/1
ng/1
mg/1
mg/1
ng/l
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ag/1
ng/1

.789



17
1.8
0.9
2.8
1.0
15.0
NCH
.799
4
3
7
17
2.0
0.9
2.8
1.0
15.0

.762
2
5
7
18
2.2
0.8
3.0
1.2
15*. 4

.599
2
5
7

2.2
0.9
3.2
1.0
15.0
CH
.699
2
5
7
17
2.0
0.9
3.0
1.0
15.0

.699
2
4
6
17
2.1
0.3
3.0
1.0
15.0

.763
2
5
7
18
2.1
1.0
3.0
1.0
15.4

.799
<1
6+
7
17
2.1
1.0
3.0
1.0
14.7
SCH
.799
<1
6+
7
17
2.0*
0.9
3.0
0.9
14.7

.695
<1
5*
6
17
2.1
0.9
3.0
0.9
15.2
Ldg
.799
<1
5*
6
17
2.2
0.9
3.0
0.9
15.0

.699
1
6
7






ThV
.888
1
6
7







.599
1
5
6
17
2.0
0.9
3.0
0.9
14.7
SmH
.699
<1
5+
6
17
2.1
1.0
3.0
0.9
14.7

.599



17
2.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
15.4
eg
.499
1
5
6
17
2.0
1.0
3.0
0.9
16.0

.199



20
2.5
1.1
3.5
1.1
35.0
SC
.599



18
2.0
0.9
3.3
0.9
15.0
LC

-------
Cond.
TABLE t
Water Quality, Diamond Lake July 7, 1971
Sol
July
7.
1971


Temp
Secchl

D.O.
(
yraho/
T.S.
0-P
T-P
"°2
"°3
nh3
TKjlfl
Org.H
TIC
TOC
TC
ALK
Ca
*9
Na
K
SI
Loc.
Depth®
°C
ft

mg/1
Sat.
cm
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ing/l
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
pg/1
wg/1
B9/1
mg/1
ng/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ng/1
NCH
Sur
16.7
16.0
8.3
7.0
86
31.«
34
.005
.015

.005
.002
0.5
.498
3
2
5
17
2.1
1.0
2.7
1.4
8.9

5
15.7

8.3
2.3
27
31.1
31
.005
.019

<.005
.007
0.6
.593
4
2
6
17
2.0
0.9
2.8
1.1
9.1

10
8.8

7.6
3.4
35
33.2
50
.045
.147

.010
.050
1.0
.950
4
4
8
18
2.3
1.0
2.7
1.1
13.0
CH
Sur
16.4
15.0
7.8
7.8
93
31.5
33
<•005
.017

.010
.002
0.5
.498
4
1
5
19
1.9
1.0
2.6
1.0
9.4

5
16.3

7.4
7.2
87
31.1
34
<.005
.024

<.005
.019
0.7
.681
2
4
6
18
2.2
0.8
2.7
1.0
9.1

10
9.0

6.6
1.2
11
33.4
24
.053
•036

.015
.026
0.5
.474
4
2
6
18
2.6
1.2
2.6
1.0
14.7

13
7.6

6.7
1.9
18
33.4
42
.057
.096

<•005
.023
0.6
.577
5
4
9
21
2.4
0.9
2.8
1.1
14.0
SCH
Sur
17.2
14.5
7.2
8.1
100
30.8
36
<.005
.020
S
<.005
.007
0.5
.493
6
3
9
18
2.1
1.0
2.8
1.9
9.5

5
16.5

8.0
8.1
99
30.6
36
<.005
.025
V
<.005
.005
0.5
.495
3
5
8
20
2.1
0.9
2.8
1.0
9.0

8
10.7

7.4
7.9
85
31.2
37
.015
.035
M
«
3
<.005
<.001
0.5
.499
3
3
6
20
2.1
0.9
2.7
1.0
9.4
Ldg
Sur
17.1
10.0
7.2
7.7
94
30.6
33
.000
.019
>
<.005
.005
0.5
.495
3
8
11
18
2.1
1.0
2.8
1.0
8.9

6
17.0

7.5
7.9
97
30.6
35
.000
.019

<.005
.003
O.C
.597
2
4
6
17
2.1
1.0
2.7
1.0
8.9
ThV
Sur
16.7
10.5
7.2
7.9
97
30.5
28
.000
.018
<
<.005
.003
0.4
.397
2
5
7
19
2.1
1.0
2.7
1.0
8.7

6
15.4

7.2
8.1
97
30.5
8
.000
.019

<.005
.005
0.4
.395
2
3
5
18
2.1
1.0
2.7
1.0
8.8
SmH
Sur
17.4
13.0
7.1
7.9
99
30.7
31
<•005
.025

<•005
.015
0.3
.285
3
2
5
17
2.1
1.0
2.7
1.0
11.0

5
14.2

7.8
7.9
92
31.8
20
<.005
.029

<.005
.002
0.4
.398
3
4
7
18
2.1
1.0
2.7
1.0
9.0
Cg
Sur
17.3
13.5
8.0
7.9
98
31.4
31
.005
.020

<.005
.009
0.4
.391
2
4
6
18
2.1
1.0
2.7
1.0
9.2

6
13.7

7.8
7.6
87
31.5
35
.015
.031

<•005
.001
0.4
.399
3
3
6
17
2.1
1.0
2.7
1.2
9.1
SC



7.4


39.4
59
.050
.048

<.005
<.001
0.3
.299
5
0
5
22




36.0
LC



7.6


32.0
23
.000
.029

<•005
.017
0.5
.483
3
2
5
17
2.1
1.0
2.8
1.1
8.5
NCH
CH
SCH
Ldfl
ThV
SraH
Cg
SC
LC
16

-------
Date
Aug.
3,
1971











TABLE i



















Cond.
Mater Quality,
Diamond Lake August 3, 1971








Sol


Temp
Secclif

0.0.
*
lanho/
T.S.
0-P
T-P
NO? «°3
KHj
TKJ1N
Org.N
TIC
TOC
TC
ALK
Ca
Hg
Ha
K
SI
Loc.
Depth™
"C
ft
pH mg/1
Sat.
cn
mg/1
wg/1
mg/1
rag/1 mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
0.4
mg/1
mg/1
ng/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
nq/1
nq/1
iiai
Sur
22.7
25
8.6
8.2
114
32.0
22
.007
•020F* .002
.034
.366
4
2
6
19
2.1
1.0
2.6
.88
9.5

5
21.6

8.5
8.5
117
31.9
33
.005
.029
<¦001
.007
0.3
.293
3
3
6
17
2.1
1.0
2.8
.79
9.4

10
12.5

7.2
7.0
79
32.2
35
.023
.072
.001
.017
0.4
.383
4
3
7
17
2.3
1.0
2.6
.79
9.7
CH
Sur
21.5
25
8.6
7.9
106
31.4
37
.000
.015F
<•001
.008
0.3
.292
3
3
6
17
1.9
1.0
2.6
.81
9.9

5
21.5

8.7
8.0
109
30.7
36
.008
.019
<.001
.004
0.4
.396
3
3
6
16
2.1
1.0
2.9
.90
9.8

10
12.5

6.9
3.6
40
35.1
31
>.060
.16C
.002
.058
0.5
.442
5
3
8
18
2.7
1.0
2.5
.88
10.6

13
10.6

6.7
0.7
7
37.5
28
>.060
. 250F
.003
.170
0.7
.530
5
4
9
18
2.9
1.0
2.8
.92
12.1
SCH
Sur
22.1
25
8.4
8.0
109
29.7
36
.000
.015
S <-001
5 <-001
.005
0.3
.295
3
2
5
17
z.z
1.0
2.6
.86
10.0

5
21.8

8.3
8.0
109
31.2
35
.003
.017
.009
0.3
.291
3
2
5
16
2.3
1.0
2.7
.79
9.9

8
15.2

6.7
4.5
53
33.5
28
.053
.140F
o .001
.050
0.4
.350
4
3
J
18
2.6
1.0
2.7
.77
10.1
Ldg
Sur
22.6
23
8.4
8.0
111
31.2
22
.000
.015
v <.001
.002
0.3
.298
3
2
5
18
1.9
1.0
2.6
.79
9.8

6
22.0

8.4
B.O
109
30.5
30
<.002
.020
| <.001
.004
0.3
.296
3
3
6
16
2.3
1.4
3.3
.88
9.7
ThV
Sur
21.8
22
8.4
8.0
109
31.2
23
<.002
.015
o <.001
.011
0.4
.389
3
2
5
18
2.2
1.0
2.4
.79
9.7

6
21 .6

8.4
7.0
105
30.4
21
.000
.019
- <.001
.007
0.3
.293
3
3
6
17
2.3
1.0
2.4
.84
9.7
SiiiH
Sur
21 .9

8.5
7.6
103
32.2
21
<•002
.017
"* .002
.004
0.3
.296
3
3
6
16
2.1
1.0
2.7
.88
9.8

S
21 .0

8.4
8.5
115
31.1
29
.000
.021
<¦001
.003
0.4
.397
3
2
5
16
1.9
0.9
2.7
.88
9.6
Cg
Sur
22.5
23
8.4
8.5
117
31.6
22
.003
.020
.001
.005
1.2
1.195
3
3
6
18
2.3
1.0
2.7
.88
9.8

6
22.3

8.5
7.8
106
31.5
44
.026
.020
.001
.002
0.2
.198
3
2
5
16
1.9
1.0
2.9
.84
9.8
SC






40.3
63

.060
.003
<.001
0.1
.099
5
0
5
21
2.5
1.3
3.3
1.10
38.5
LC






31.1
110

.018
.001
.005
0.2
.195
3
3
6
17
1.9
1.0
2.7
.88
10.0
MCH
CH
SCH
Ldg
ThV
SoH
Cg
SC
LC
Interference, answer unreliable
17

-------
Sept. CH
27,
1971
Oct.
7,
1971
SC
LC
Co rid.
TABLE 4
Mater Quality, Diamond Lake September 1
1971
Sol
Cate Loc.
Sept. CH
1.
1971

Tesap
Setchl

D.O.
It
Iflfto/
T.S.
0-P
T-P
no2
ho3
W3
TKjlK
Org.N
TIC
TOC
TC
ALK
Ca
Mg
Na
K
Si
Depth®
•c
ft
Pj
mg/1
Sat.
en
mg/l
mg/1
mg/l
rag/1
mg/l
ag/1
mg/l
mg/l
reg/1
ng/1
ng/1
ng/1
wg/l
mg/1
ing/1
tng/1
tnq/1
Sur
17.1
13.5
8.5
7.4
91 '
35.«
44
.011
.035

.003
.020
0.9
.380
3
0
3
17
1.9
1 .0
3.1
1.1
11-0 CH
5
17.3.

B.S
7.4
92
32.5
30
.006
.039

<.001
.005
0.6
.595
2
1
3
17
1.9
1.1
2.8
0.9
11.0
10
17.3

8.5
7.7
94
32.5
28
.007
.035

<.001
.042
0.7
.658
2
l
3
18
1.9
1.0
2.8
1.1
11.0

13
11.3

6.5
0.2
2
41.7*
44
.203
.336*
o
o
<.001
.310* 0.9*

5

6*
23
3.1*
1.1*
2.3*
1.1
ThV
Sur
19.1
12.0
8.9
8.4
109
32.0
30
<¦002
.026
V
.002
.003
0.6
.597
2
2
4
18
1.9
1.0
2.5
1.0

6
19.1

8.9
8.3
106
33.0
38
<.002

w>
a)
3
.002
.003
0.8
.797
2
1
3
18
1.9
1.1
2.5
0.9
SmH
Sur
18.8
11.0
8.8
9.0
115
33.1
30
<.002

«
>
.002
.009
0.7
.691
2
1
4
17
1.9
1.1
2.7
1.0

5
18. e

8.9
9.8
126
33.7
34
<.002


.002
.003
0.7
.697
2
1
3
19
1.?
1.0
2.9
1.0
Cg
Sur
16.6

9.3
8.1
99
32.3
30
.004

5
.002
.003
0.5
.497
2
1
3
17
1.9
1.0
2.9
1.0

6
16.7


8.0
98
32.4"
32
.005


.002
<.001
0.5
.499
2
1
3
17
1.9
1.0
2.9
0.9
SC






41.0
60
.003


.005
.003
0.2
.197
2
1
3
21
2.6
1.4
3.3
1.3
LC






31.2
33
.055


.003
.002
0.8
.798
2
1
3
16
1.9
1.1
2.9
0.9
Sur
13.2 7
8.5
97
33.1
40
.003
5
13.1
8.6
98
33.0
39
.001
10
13.0
8.5
97
33.0
34
.003
13
12.9
7.8
88
33.0
42
.002
TABLE 5
Hater Quality, Diamond Lake	September 27, 1971
.130 .001 .008	.010	0.7
.138 <.001 .008	.011	0.8
.125 . 002 . 005	. 010	0.7
.132 . 002 . 006	. 015	0.6
TABLE 6
36
12
.058
.004
.310
.113
.005 <.001
.025 .113
0.3
0.7
Contaminated sample
Inclement weather prevented complete sampling program
12.2
10-8 ThV
11.0
11.0 SmH
11.0 Cg
11.2
38.5 SC
10.0 LC
.690
4
2.0
6
23.0
1.7
0.9
3.2
1.0
18.2 CH
.789
3
5.0
8
20.0
1.7
0.9
3.0
1.0
18.0
.690
3
0.0
3
21.0
1.7
0.9
3.0
1.0
18.0
.585
3
4.0
7
20.0
1.7
0.9
3.0
0.9
18.0
1971









.299


5
23.0
2.6
1.5
3.7
1.4
43.1 SC
.587


6
18.0
2.2
1.0
3.1
0.9
18.9 LC
IS

-------
TABLE 7 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIAMOND LAKE SEDIMENTS
C2c
C4b
D5a
D6a
Transect 1
C5a
C6a Transect 2
C7d
B2a
B4a
B5a Transect 3
B6a
B7a
Ale
Transect 4
C3d
Average
* Air dried samples 60°C
** Oven dried samples 105°C
%C*
7.5
5.4
6.7
8.3
7.1
6.7
5.8
5.5
8.8
7.4
6.8
3.6
6.6
7.3
0.7
%N*
.74
.79
.99
1.4
.92
1 .1
.79
.74
1.3
1.1
.92
.69
.79
1.3
.97
XP**
.052
.040
.068
.050
.050
.034
.067
.046
.046
.070
.052
*h2o**
94.4
91.0
92.1
95.0
92.3
92.5
90.2
90.8
94.6
91.4
91.5
87.2
91.8
94.0
92.1
%Fe**
.13
.11
.18
.18
.22
.09
.21
.17
%Mn**
.18
.14
.16
o
o
rt>
o>
3
C"f
19

-------
TABLE 8
Zooplankton ratios per aliquot of sample
Date Location
DaDhnia
schodleri
Daphnia
pulex
Daphnia
Sp #1
Daphnia
Sp #2
Daphnia
Sp #3
Irrmature
Cladocera
Detrital
Cladocera
Ch\
SP'
fdorus
laericus
Copepoda
Asplanchna
perlodonta
Unknown
Total
6/3/71 Center
1
7

6
51
13
2

1
2

52
135
7/7/71
26
9

6
15
2
9

2
10

26
105
7/22/71 "

22

1
24
2
4


5
100
10
168
8/3/71 "

23

2
25

14


1
114

178
9/1/71
1
26

18
61
26
11

6
15

23
187
9/27/71 "
20


10
5

4

26
1

23
89
6/3/71 North
Center

12

3
11
10


1


8
45
7/7/71 "

31

20
50
21
9




41
172
8/3/71 "

25

6
14
1
16



78
11
151
6/4/71 South
Center
7/3/71 "

3
13

9
2
43
28
65
3
11


3

17
1
140
58
6/3/71 Lodge
Location/
Date
Center
North Center
South Center
6/3/71
0.004
0.003
0.005
1	5
TABLE 9
Average zooplankton dry weights mg/1
7/7/71
0.256
0.232 ?
7/22/71
0.223
8/3/71
0.117
0.115
0.031
9/27/71
0.018
15
20

-------





TABLE 10
Macrobenthos 2
Number of Organisms/m




Date
Location
Turbellaria
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Gastropoda
Pelecypoda
(Sphaeriidae)
Amphi poda
Di ptera
(Chironomidae)
Hydracarina
Total/m^
6/3/71
Center
Average

3912
2892
3W


19
208
TTJ

10,622
9,109
9,866
38
TT
14,553
12,247
13,400
6/3/71
Lodge
Average
19
T?
38
35"
57
57
19
T9"

38
33"
11,056
11,056

11.227
11,227

Thielson
View

76
57
76
151
113
19
113
76
57
170
76
321
19
7,503
3,308

8,013
3,630
492

Average

70
94
82
189
"1»
3,bU4

4,045
6/4/71
Campground
Average
76
57
44
1153
737
1947
T275
397
964
529
630
888
576
756
7TO

189
586
170
ITS
1,606
1 ,380
907
1,298

4,309
4,309
4,3Ub
7/7/71
Center
Average

5651
6445
6388
6161
19
19
13

132
19
ZS

5,594
6,105
6,086
5,928

4,396
12,550
12,512
12,153
8/3/71
Center
Average

4460
4120
5368
4649

19
6
265
132
302
233

9,941
15,819
10,527
12!
-------
Date
Location Turbellaria Oligochaeta Hirudinea
8/30/71 Thielson
Average
9/27/71 Center
Average
113
132
76
57
76
340
88
176
3856

4838

4366

4353

TABLE 10 Con't
Macrobenthos „
Number of Organisros/m
Pelecypoda	Diptera	-
Gastropoda (Sphaeri Idae) Amphipoda (Chlrononvtdae) Hydracarina Total/in
208
57
57
37,554
19
38,140
170
151
132
25,742
26,328
888
76
170
4,177

5,727
422
95
120
22|4$1
~e
23,398

19

8,562

12,427



4,498

9,336



8,316

12,682

6

7.125

11,485
22

-------