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REPORT TO THE CONFEREES OF THE THIRD SESSION OF THE
CONFERENCE IN THE MATTER OF POLLUTION OF THE
INTERSTATE WATERS OF THE ESCAMBIA RIVER BASIN
(ALABAMA-FLORIDA) AND THE INTRASTATE PORTIONS
OF THE ESCAMBIA BASIN WITHIN THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Praflmtii
USUI
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May,l9?2
Protection Agency
Environmental I
Surveillance and Analysis
Athens, Georgia
-------
The planning and operation of this project was carried out under
the supervision of Mr. B. H. Adams, Chief, Engineering Services Branch.
Mr. J. S. Hall was project engineer and principal author of this
report.
All Environmental Protection Agency personnel are assigned to the
Surveillance and Analysis Division located at Athens, Georgia. The
Division is under the direction of Mr. J. A. Little.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
INTRODUCTION 1
FINDINGS. 2
RECOMMENDATIONS 4
DISCUSSION OF INVESTIGATION AND WASTE SAMPLING RESULTS 5
SCOPE OF STUDY ... 5
STUDY METHODS 7
WASTEWATER SOURCES 7
General Discussion 7
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants 10
Pensacola Main Street 10
Pensacola Northeast 16
Milton, Florida 17
Pen Haven 18
Moreno Courts 19
Warrington ...... 20
Industrial Sources 21
Newport Division, Tenneco Chemicals, Inc 21
Armstrong Cork Company 21
Ashland Chemical Company 22
Boise Cascade Corporation 22
American Creosote Works, Inc 23
T. R. Miller Company, Inc 25
Escambia Treating Company 26
Federal Facilities 26
U. S. Naval Air Station 26
Corry Field (U. S. Navy) 29
REFERENCES 31
APPENDICES
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LIST OF FIGURES
No. Page
1 Project Study Area 6
2 Pensacola Main Wastewater Treatment Plant 15
3 Boise Cascade Corporation - Plant Layout 24
4 Pensacola Naval Air Station - Wastewater Treatment Facilities . 28
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LIST OF TABLES
No. Page
I Study Area Industrial Waste Sources, Escambia-Pensacola
Bay Basin, May 1972 8
II Study Area Industries - No Discharge, Escambia-Pensacola
Bay Basin 9
III Study Area Municipal and Federal Waste Sources, Escambia-
Pensacola Bay Basin 11
IV Waste Treatment Plants - Average Analytical Waste Data .... 13
V Waste Treatment Plants - Average Load Waste Data 14
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to document wastewater disposal
practices in the Pensacola area. This report discusses each of the
municipal and industrial wastewater sources (except Monsanto, American
Cyanamid, Container Corporation, and Air Products) discharging into
Escambia Bay, Pensacola Bay, or tributaries thereof. Field investi-
gations were conducted during March 6-1A, 1972, by the Environmental
Protection Agency, Region IV, Surveillance and Analysis Division. The
study was requested by the conferees at the January 1972 session of the
Federal-State Enforcement Conference on Pollution of Escambia River and
Bay.
Study objectives included:
9 Documentation and/or characterization and quantification
of all wastewater sources discharging either directly or
indirectly into the receiving waters of Escambia or
Pensacola Bays, and
e Recommendations for the abatement of pollution problems
observed.
Appreciation is extended to the Florida Department of Pollution
Control for providing preliminary planning assistance and field laboratory
space. The cooperation and contribution provided by the numerous municipal
and industrial entities investigated is also gratefully appreciated.
-------
FINDINGS
A review of the Florida Department of Pollution Control files and
on site investigations of industrial and municipal waste treatment plants
showed the following:'
1. Most industrial wastewater discharged into surface waters in
the Pensacola area, excluding discharges from Monsanto, Air
Products, and American Cyanamid, receive treatment at a municipal
wastewater treatment plant. Armstrong Cork, Tenneco, and
Ashland Chemical formerly discharged into Bayou Chico but now are
pumped to Pensacola's main wastewater treatment plant.
2. Wood preserving companies American Creosote and Escambia
Treating Company in Pensacola and T. R. Miller in East Brewton,
Alabama discharge no process wastewater.
3. The following municipal and Federal wastewater treatment plants
sampled, provided secondary (aeration or trickling filter)
treatment:
Plant Name
Waste Flow
Receiving Waters
Pensacola Main Street
7.0 mgd
Pensacola Bay
Pensacola Northeast
0.5 mgd
Escambia Bay
Milton, Florida
1.0 mgd
Blackwater River
Pen Haven
0.8 mgd
Jackson Branch
tributary to Bayou Chico
U.S. Naval Air Station
1.6 mgd
Pensacola Bay
Warrington
0.1 mgd
Jones Swamp Creek
Moreno Courts
0.2 mgd
tributary to Bayou
Corry Field (U.S. Navy)
0.2 mgd
2
Chico
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4. Pensacola's Main Street Wastewater Treatment Plant is approaching
design capacity and the city has1 proposed to increase the capacity
to 25 mgd.
5. The Naval Air Station which previously discharged industrial
and domestic wastes through several outfalls now provides
secondary treatment for all wastes and discharges them through
one submerged outfall into Pensacola Bay.
6. At the time of the study, the city was considering abandoning the
Pensacola Northeast Wastewater Treatment Plant and pumping the
wastes to the Main Street plant.
7. Boise Cascade Corporation's process wastes are collected in
two concrete holding tanks for periodic removal by a septic
tank cleaning service. An insignificant waste load contained
in cooling water and surface runoff is discharged.
3
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RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The City of Pensacola should initiate plans as soon as possible
for either expansion of the existing Main Street Wastewater
Treatment Plant or construction of a new more centrally located
facility.
2. The City of Pensacola should either abandon the Northeast
Wastewater Treatment Plant and pump wastes to the Main Street
plant or expand the plant and include advanced waste treatment.
3. Discharges from Corry Field, Warrington, Pen Haven, and Moreno
Courts wastewater treatment plants should be pumped to the
Pensacola Main Street Plant.
4
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DISCUSSION OF WASTEWATER SOURCE INVESTIGATIONS
AND SAMPLING RESULTS
SCOPE OF STUDY
The study area includes only those point sources of wastewaters
discharged into surface waters in the immediate vicinity of Escambia Bay,
Pensacola Bay, and into the Conecuh-Escambia River as far north as
Brewton, Alabama (Figure 1). Excluded from the investigative work are
discharges by Air Products, American Cyanamid, Monsanto, and Container
Corporation. Wastewaters discharged from these industries are discussed
in separate EPA reports (2, 3, 4, 5). Wastewater sources investigated
include those discharges which may be contributing to the pollution of
Escambia Bay.
Tidal current patterns and exchanges play an Important role in
Escambia Bay water quality; therefore, it is necessary to examine the
wastewater and freshwater discharged into the entire Pensacola Bay
system as well as those direct Escambia Bay and tributary discharges.
The exchange of water between Pensacola Bay and Escambia Bay is restricted
by the configuration of the entrance to Pensacola Bay. Freshwater flows
into Escambia and Pensacola Bays from inland drainage via the Coneuch-
Escambia, Blaclcwater, Yellow and East Bay Rivers. These drainage basins
total approximately 6,480 square miles with about 64 percent (4,132 square
miles) of the total area lying within the Conecuh-Escambia River Basin.
Approximately 3,820 square miles of the Conecuh-Escambia River Basin
are in Alabama.
5
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FIGURE I
6
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S^EUD^METHODS
The investigation of significant wastewater sources in the Escambia-
Pensacola Bay drainage basin consisted of a review of the types of
industries in the study area, a review of waste discharge permits on file
with the Florida Department of Pollution Control and an on-site investi-
gation of each major potential pollution source. Eight pollution sources
discharging directly into Escambia-Pensacola Bay receiving waters were
sampled for a 24-hour period. A single grab sample was collected at the
Boise Cascade Corporation plant. Sampling was conducted to characterize
and quantify wastewater discharges. Analyses varied with the types of
wastewaters sampled but generally included total alkalinity, total acidity,
five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),
Total Organic Carbon (TOC), total phosphorus, solids series, and nitrogen
series. Heavy metal analyses, including chromium, copper, manganese, and
zinc, were run on samples collected from facilities treating significant
quantities of industrial wastewater.
WASTEWATER SOURCES
General Discussion
From the 1971-72 Directory of Florida Industries, a list of "wet"
(Table I) and "dry" industries (Table II) in the Pensacola area has been
compiled. Table I also shows the fate of wastewater generated at these
facilities. A review of the Florida Department of Pollution Control files
showed that (excluding Monsanto, American Cyanamid and Air Products) two
industries, nine municipalities, and three Federal facilities are dis-
charging directly into surface waters of the Escambia-Pensacola Bay basin
7
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TABLE I
STUDY AREA INDUSTRIAL WASTE S0U1CES
ESCAMBIA-PENSACOLA BAY BASIN
HAY 1972
WASTE SOURCE
Agrico Chemical Company -
Pensacola
Air Products & Chemicals,
Inc.* - Pensacola
American Creosote Co. -
Pensacola
American Cyanaold Co. -
Pensacola*
Armstrong Cork Company -
Pensacola
Ashland Chemical Co. -
Pensacola
Beesley Packing Company of
Florida, Inc. - Pensacola
Boise Cascade Corporation -
Cantonment
Borden Company - Pensacola
TREATMENT
Lime treatment, settling
pond - overflow to Main
Street VTP
Process wastes »- ponds,
settling; biological
Domestic wastes - septic
tanks
Ponds - evaporation and
percolation
Ponds - two parallel
settling
Pensacola Main Street
VTP
Pensacola Main Street
WTP
Process vater
Street WTP
Main
Process vastes - holding
tasks for septic tank
drainage. Surface
drainage - no treatment
Process water - Main
Street WTP
Container Corp. of America - Ponds - aeration and
Brevton, Ala.*
Escambia Treating Co.
Pensacola
oxidation
Pond - evaporation with
overflow to Pensacola
Main Street VTP
RECEIVING WATERS
Pensacola Bay
Escambia Bay
None
Escambia Bay
Pensacola Bay
Pensacola Bay
Pensacola Bay
Escambia River
Pensacola Bay
Conecuh River
Pensacola Bay
Florida Sausage Co., Inc. -
Pensacola
Gulf Coast Plating, Inc. -
Pensacola
Gulf Power Company *
Pensacola
Keego Catfish Company -
Brevton, Ala.
Monsanto Chemical Corp.
Pensacola*
Pensacola Bay
Pensacola Bay
Escambia River
Process vater - Main
Street WTP
Process vater - Main
Street WTP
Ponds - settling (flyash)
with recycling
Process vater to septic
tanka. Heads, guts, etc. -
bury
Concentrated process vastes Escambia River
-deep veil injection. Dilute
process vastes - source con*
trol. Sanitary vastes
secondary treatment with
chlorlnatlon
Pensacola Dairy Company -
Pensacola**
Pepsi Cola Bottling Co. of
Pensacola, Inc. -
Pensacola
Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. -
Pensacola
Westlnghouse Corporation -
Pensacola
Washwater - Main Street
WTP
Pensacola Main Street
WTP
Pensacola Northeast WTP
Pensacola Bay
Pensacola Bay
Escambia Bay
* Separate EPA Reports (2, 3, 4, S)
** Unable to contact - phone disconnected
8
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TABLE II
STUDY AREA INDUSTRIES - NO DISCHARGE
ESCAMBIA-PENSACOLA BAY BASIN
Pensacola, Florida
Aeolian Print Shop
American Optical Company
B&N Truss Company
Barrios & Acosta, Inc.
Barth Lumber Company
Bell Steel Company
Bickerstaff Clay Products Co., Inc.
Boysen Sheet Metal Company
Brownsville Welding Shop
Butler & Son Print Shop
Carter's Sheet Metal Works
Concrete Supply Co.
Cracker Barrel Backery
Crystal Ice Company
Cudahy Company
Cut & Sew Corp. of America
Davis Building Supply
Co., Inc.
Dixie Grading & Paving Co.
Escambia Machine & Tool Works
Escambia Molded Products Co.
Escambia Sun Press
Felts' Trailer & Equipment
Co., Inc .
Florida Drum Co., Inc.
Gulf Window Co., Inc.
Harris Concrete Products Co., Inc.
Hinote, M. F. & Son
Holley Craft
Industrial Cleaner Mfg. Co., Inc.
Joe's Woodworking Company
Joiner Frozen Foods
Kaiser Agricultural Chemicals
Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp.
Krispy Kreme Doughnut Company
Mayes Printing Co., Inc.
Melanie Bake Shop
Merritt Marine & Marine Supplies
Metal Craft Iron Works
Mr. Concrete, Inc.
Nehi Bottling Co.
Nellums Woodworking Company
New South Press, The
Nicholson Door & Cabinet Co.
NuTek, Inc.
Owsley Lumber Co.
Peake Machine Co.
Pensacola Brickcrete & Block Co.
Pensacola Builders' Supply
Co., Inc.
Pensacola Engraving Company &
Southern Publishing Co. 9
Pensacola, Florida
Pensacola Marble & Granite Co.
Pensacola News-Journal Company
Pensacola Sash and Door Company
Pensacola Scrap Processors, Inc.
Pensacola Tool & Supply Company
Pfeiffer Printing Co., Inc.
Pioneer Woodworking Company
Plastic Arts Sign Company
Polar Ice Creame & Creamery Co.
Print Quic, Inc.
Reed Printing Company
Runyan Machine & Boiler Works, Inc.
SFK Steel & Supply Co., Inc.
St. Regis Paper Company,
Folding Carton Div.
Santa Rosa Lumber Co., Inc.
Sepco Corporation
Seven Up Bottling Company of
West Florida, Inc.
Sikes Pipe Company, Inc.
Smith's Bakery, Inc.
Southern Prestressed Concrete, Inc.
Thomson's Print Shop
WBOP Radio Station
WBSR, Inc.
WCOA Radio, Inc.
WEAR-TV Station
WMEL Radio Station
WNVY Radio Station
WPFA Radio Station
Weis-Fricker Mahogany Company
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Wolfe's, Doug, Cabinet Shop
Brewton, Alabama
Beco, Inc.
Brewton Fashions, Inc.
Brewton Iron Works, Inc.
Brewton Standard, The
Brewton Weaving Company, Inc.
Chavers Distributing Company
Criswell Machine Shop
Dixie Escambia Concrete Co., Inc.
Harold Brothers Lumber Company
Keego Clay Products Co., Inc.
Pettis, C. M., Pole Contractor
Sherrer Machine Works
Stinson's, R. G., Feed Mill
-------
within the State of Florida. One industry and two municipalities discharge
into the study area portion of the basin in Alabama. Table I contains
a list of industrial pollution sources and Table III lists the municipal
and Federal pollution sources discharging into receiving waters in the
study area.
On-site investigations were made at six municipal waste treatment
facilities, seven industries, and two Federal installations. Wastewater
samples were collected from wastewater treatment facilities serving
Pensacola (Main Street and Northeast plants), Milton, Pen Haven, Moreno
Courts, Warrington, U. S. Naval Air Station, Corry Field (U. S. Navy),
and Boise Cascade Corporation. Wastewater from Armstrong Cork Company,
Tenneco Chemicals, Inc., and Ashland Chemical Company formerly discharged
directly into Bayou Chico. Although wastewater from these plants is
presently routed into the Pensacola Main Street Wastewater Treatment
Plant, an inspection was made of the plant sites. Three wood preserving
companies (American Creosote Works, Inc., Escambia Treating Company, and
T. R. Miller Company, Inc.) were visited, but they did not have direct
continuous discharges into receiving waters and sampling was not conducted.
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Pensacola Main Street Wastewater Treatment Plant
The Pensacola Main Street Wastewater Treatment Plant, located at the
intersection of Main and Devillier Streets, serves the majority of the
area within the Pensacola city limits (Figure 1). The treatment plant
(activated sludge) is designed for a flow of 9 million gallons per day
(mgd) and a BOD5 population equivalent of 120,000. The treatment plant
10
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TABLE III
STUDY-AREA MUNICIPAL AND FEDERAL WASTE SOURCES
ESCAMBIA-PENSACOLA BAY BASIN
MAY 1972
WASTE SOURCE
Municipalities;
Brewton, Alabama
East Brewton, Alabama
Century, Florida
Jay, Florida
Scenic Hills Country Club
Estates
Pensacola Northeast Waste-
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Pensacola Main Street Waste-
water Treatment Plant
Moreno Courts Sub-Division
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Warrington (West Florida
Utilities)
Pen Haven Sanitation
Company
Milton, Florida
Federal Installations:
U. S. Naval Air Station
Corry Field (U. S. Navy)
Ellyson Field (U. S. Navy)
Whiting Field (U. S. Navy)
TREATMENT
Waste stabilization pond
None
Waste stabilization pond
Contact stabilization
Extended aeration
Secondary (trickling
filter)
Secondary (activated
sludge)
Secondary (aeration)
Secondary (aeration)
Secondary (trickling
filter)
Secondary (trickling
filter)
Secondary - Biological
Secondary-Primary Sedi-
mentation, standard rate
trickling filter, final
clarifier, chlorination
Northeast wastewater
Treatment Plant
Domestic - low rate
trickling filter;
Industrial - no treatment
RECEIVING WATERS
Murder Creek
Murder Creek
Swamp to Escambia
River
Bray Mill Creek
to Escambia River
Bayou to Escambia
River
Escambia Bay
Pensacola Bay
Bayou Chico via
Jones Swamp Creek
Bayou Chico via
Jones Swamp Creek
Bayou Chico via
Jackson Branch
Blackwater River
Pensacola Bay
Bayou Chico
Escambia Bay
East Bay via Clear
Creek, Blackwater
Bay
11
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presently serves an estimated population of 56,000 and numerous industries.
Flow into the plant averages about 7 mgd. Operating reports show treat-
ment efficiencies for BOD5 and nonfilterable residue (suspended solids)
average about 90 and 80 percent, respectively. A single 24-hour composite
sample, using a Protech automatic sampler, was collected at the final
clarifier discharge. Analytical results (Tables IV-V) show the plant to
be a significant contributor of pollution to Pensacola Bay. Organic
discharges were: BOD5 - 1,800 lbs/day, COD - 7,500 lbs/day, and total
organic carbon - 2,000 lbs/day. The discharge also contained significant
quantities of total solids - 19,700 lbs/day, dissolved solids - 17,000
lbs/day, suspended solids - 2,900 lbs/day were also discharged. Effluent
is discharged into Pensacola Bay through a 40-inch diameter submerged outfall
line which extends 2,800 feet into the bay.
Basic treatment units at the plant consist of pre-aeration and grit
removal, primary clarifiers, aeration basin, secondary clarifiers, and
digesters (Figure 2). In addition to the units shown in Figure 2, there
are return sludge pumps for recirculating sludge from secondary clarifiers
to aeration tanks and waste sludge pumps for transferring waste activated
sludge to primary clarifiers for thickening and subsequent transfer to the
digesters. Digested sludge is disposed of at a land fill located adjacent
to Elevenmile Creek (Perdido Bay drainage basin). Aeration tanks, designed
for either contact stabilization or step aeration, are being used in the
step feed-step aeration process.
City officials estimated that between 2 and 3 mgd of the 7 mgd of
wastewater treated at the Main Street plant are from industrial sources.
12
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TABLE IV
WASft treatment plants
MARCH 7-12« 197a
AVfcKAbd analytical waste data
LAd
T-ACUITY
1 -AL*
BOL)
COO
TOC
PHOS-T
RESDUE
RESDUE
RESOUE
RESOUE
T-KJEL
PH
LAC03
CAC03
5-DAY
H-LEV
C
P-WET
V-NFLT
T-NFLT
TOTAL
T-VOL
N
STATION
1 IjAft
1 I .it L)A 1 r!
1 1 Mt
SU
MG/L
M(»/ L
MG/L
HG/L
HG/L
HG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
HG/L
ST^-1
7P0110
1 //0 1) 1
1 ?** *5
f>. r
32
lOrt
SO
95
22
9.40
11
235
17.5
ST*"?
rx, no
1«*IMMU j t 1
1MM)
ft . 1
19
/J
27K
41
14
7.60
--
18
177
1 1.8
STm-3
720 310
1/oo
tt"j JO ¦*
M'5'0(C> ^0 Jlu
(J (*>
6. V
*~0
14*
HO
2b9
60
12. 70
lb
30
292
107
28.5
SIP-'/
7/0 JO't
i o 1'-»(L) ?*:i> J1U
16 JO
0. 7
bb
J1
131
3b
1 1.00
32
50
342
86
7.7
STP-7
7/0313
i<*oo (O 720 jih
1*00
6.2
0
b4
32
7b
29
1.89
10
24
343
43
6.1
STP-H
720 }| 0
oh *o (C) 7'-2
720310
1 < ou 7^0 Jl<*
1400
3.**
15
319
33
100
100K
50K
50
SOOK
SOOK
60
1.580
S T P- ^
?/UJl0
0»:J0 (U '20J1 1
OH JO
13.0
10
217
--
--
--
-*
--
.990
STAT ion um T 1 Mt
bU
UlL HilLNOL
-T
Mo/L Uli/L
crNlut
CN
MG/L
stp-s 7?ojio u/*b
5TP-t> 7203)0 0*30
STP-7 720314 O'/JO
7.1
6.9
7.8
3.0
11.1
17
17
01
.02
NOTE: K Less Than
-------
TABLE V
WASTE treatment plants
KAHCH 7-12. 1972
AVERAGE LOAD HASTE OATA
lull" I-ACH1IY I-alk HUD COD TOC PHOS-T RtSUUE HtSUUE RtSDUE RESOUE T-KJEL AHONIA N02N03 WESDUE
CiCOJ CAC03 5-UAY n-LEV C P-WET V-NFLT T-NElT TOTAL T-VOL N NH3-N N DIS-105
STATION MiiO L-J/O LH/l) lb/I) Lrt/O IH/O LH/D LB/O LH/O LH/O LH/O LH/O LH/O Lit/O C LB/O
STO-1
O.b-d
236
764
353.8
672
155.7
66. 5
--
78
1663
123.8
106.2
106.2
1585
TI >-?
0. 1
if U
76
<.3
l<..6
7.9
19
185
12. J
10.4
lb.7
106
STP- 3
U. 1 SB
a
7b
11.')
86
26. 4
. 16.1
37
405
5.8
2.1
19.a
368
STP-4
0.17b
28
42
62.6
355
77. 4
16.7
«
120
485
--
17.5
14.6
Sl.l
365
STP-5
0
1
654
351.2
1 137
263.*.
55. H
79
132
1282
470
12S.1
R7.A
65.8
1150
STP-6
fj.VCJO
1J Si;
JdOO
1/«S.O
7543
2015.3
633.4
1843
287-5
19692
4952
443,'4
190.0
2015.3
10813
STP-7
1 .5110
u
1)2
<21.V
989
3H2.4
24.9
132
316
4522
567
80.4
44.8
197.8
4206
STP-6
0.990
256
694
396.5
1826
<21.3
77.7
215
2008
144.6
107.4
82.6
1793
PESHUt' CH^OMN COPPER MANGSE ZINC
VOL f"LT CP TOT Ol TOT MN /N TOT
STATION L H/ti Lrf/U LB/D LH/O LH/O
sfp-i
r. TI' - /*
STP-3
STp-4
STP-b
STP-6
STP-7
STP-b
-
-
3V1
-
0
0.2
2
310V
<~
3
*~0
45
<.35
1
-
0.7
1
STP-l PFm HAVEfl SUriOIviSIONS'S STP
STP-? MAkENO COUP T 5 bUHOIVISION'S STP
STP-3 WAP* I,-jr,TON'S STP
STP-4 CO->PT f 1F.L0'S(U.S.NAVY> STP
STP-5 PK jSACOLA 1 b rioPTHEASI STP
STP.6 PK'iSACOLA'S MAIN STP
STP-7 hAVY A IP STATION'S STP
MILTON, t-LOKlUA'S STP
hCC-1 HOIltE CASCAUE COUP. STP
-------
FIGURE 2
PENSACOLA
MAIN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
u.s environmental protection agency
REGION TSL
ESCAMBIA BAY STUDY
MARCH, 1972
SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
ATHENS GEORGIA
-------
Three large industries (Ashland Chemical Company, Armstrong Cork Company,
and Tenneco Chemicals, Inc.) have recently connected to the portion of
the city sewer system served by the Main Street treatment plant. Waste
contributions from these industries are:
Parameter Ashland Armstrong Tenneco
Flow (mgd) 0.2 0.3 0.6
BOD5 (lbs/day) 310 2,570 3,860
Residue, Nonfilterable
(lbs/day) 128 1,628 357
The addition of these industrial wastewaters has caused the Main Street
treatment plant to approach its design capacity; however, monthly reports
submitted to the Florida Department of Pollution Control indicate the
additional industrial wastewaters are being treated without having a
detrimental effect on treatment processes or efficiencies.
Pensacola Northeast Wastewater Treatment Plant
The Northeast Wastewater Treatment Plant, owned by the City of Pensacola,
is located near the intersection of U. S. Highway 90 East (Scenic Highway)
and Langley Avenue. The plant provides secondary treatment (primary
clarification, high-rate trickling filter, final clarification, chlorination,
sludge digesters) for a design capacity of 0.85 mgd and biological popu-
lation equivalent of 8,500 people. The wastes are primarily of domestic
origin with some industrial wastes from Ellyson Field - U. S. Navy (oil
and grease) and Westinghouse Corporation (manufacturers of internal components
for nuclear reactors). Flow during the study was 0.5 MGD. The effluent is
16
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discharged into Escambia Bay through a 1,500-foot submerged outfall
line.
A treatment efficiency study was not conducted by EPA; however, there
appeared to be no operational problems. Monthly operating reports sub-
mitted to the Florida Department of Pollution Control indicated BOD5
removal ranged from 60 to 90 percent and the suspended solids removal
averaged about 65 percent.
One 24-hour composite sample using a Serco automatic sampler was
collected at the final clarifier discharge. The accumulative effect of
the effluent from this plant and other treatment plants discharging into
Escambia River and Bay is detrimental to the bay, especially due to the
existing stressed conditions (6). The Northeast Treatment plant effluent
characteristics are presented in Tables IV and V.
The City of Pensacola is considering abandoning this plant and pumping
the wastes to the Main Street plant. If the plant is not abandoned, it
should be expanded to include advanced waste treatment.
Milton, Florida
The Milton wastewater treatment plant, located on East Walker Street,
provides secondary treatment (primary clarification, high-rate trickling
filters, secondary clarification, chlorine contact chamber, sludge
digesters - sludge to landfill) for the wastes from 9,000 people. The
wastewater flow of 1 mgd is conveyed through an 18-inch diameter pipe into
Blackwater River, a tributary to Blackwater Bay. The point of discharge
is below the water surface.
17
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The design capacity of the plant is 1.8 mgd. A septic odor was
noticed around the plant; however, the origin of the odor was unknown.
Although a treatment efficiency study was not conducted by EPA, monthly
operating reports submitted to the Florida Department of Pollution Control
show BOD 5 and suspended solids removals to be 67 and 77 percent, respectively.
A single 24-hour composite sample using a Serco automatic sampler
was collected at the chlorination chamber discharge. Waste characteristics
are enumerated in Tables IV and V and are within an acceptable range for
a trickling filter waste treatment plant.
Pen Haven
The Pen Haven wastewater treatment plant is owned by the West Florida
Utilities Company. The facility is located at the intersection of Francis
and Kinnear Streets. It provides secondary treatment (primary clarification,
standard rate trickling filter, secondary clarification, chlorine contact,
sludge digestion) for the domestic wastes from 5,300 people with a waste-
water flow of 850,000 gallons per day. The treatment plant effluent is
discharged into a drainage ditch which flows into Bayou Chico via Jackson
Branch.
The plant's design capacity is 0.3 mgd. Although flow did exceed
the hydraulic design capacity, the plant did not appear to be overloaded
and the analytical data did not reflect either high dilution or unusually
high pollutant concentrations. The flow totalizer may be inaccurate and
recording erronous flows.
A treatment efficiency study was not conducted by EPA; however, monthly
operating reports submitted to the Florida Department of Pollution Control
18
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indicate BOD5 removals greater than 90 percent and suspended solids
removals of approximately 80 percent. The only operational problem
observed was with the trickling filter which had to be flooded once each
week to eliminate filter flies.
A single 24-hour composite sample using a Serco automatic sampler
was collected at the final clarifier discharge. Based on the measured
flow of 848,000 gallons per day, the pollutional loads discharged (Table V)
would be detrimental to local water quality in Pensacola Bay. Although
water quality in the drainage ditch and Jackson Branch was not monitored,
severe water quality degradation probably occurs in these tributaries to
Bayou Chico. During dry weather, this discharge probably accounts for
most of the flow in Jackson Branch.
Moreno Courts
The Moreno Courts waste treatment plant is owned by the Pensacola
Housing Authority and is located on the south side of Jones Swamp Creek
adjacent to Old Corry Field Road. The plant provides secondary treatment
(primary clarifier, aeration chamber and secondary clarifier combined,
polishing pond, chlorine contact pond, sludge drying beds) for the
domestic waste from approximately 2,300 people. The wastewater flow is
125,000 gallons per day and discharged into Bayou Chico via Jones Swamp Creek.
The hydraulic design capacity is 0.21 mgd.^ There appeared to be no
operating problems. Treatment efficiency studies were not conducted by
EPA,- but monthly operating reports submitted to the Florida Department of
Pollution Control indicate BOD5 and suspended solids removals of approxi-
mately 88 and 60 percent, respectively.
19
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A single 24-hour composite sample using a Serco automatic sampler
was collected at the polishing pond effluent (prior to chlorination).
The concentrations of the constituents discharged (Table IV) are reasonable
for this size and type plant. The plant's discharge is minor (Table V),
but the accumulative effect of this discharge plus discharges from
Warrington and Corry Field, probably cause water quality degradation in
Jones Swamp Creek.
Warrington
The Warrington waste treatment plant is owned by West Florida Utilities.
The facility is located adjacent to Old Corry Field Road on the north side
of Jones Swamp Creek. It provides secondary treatment (extended aeration,
clarification, polishing pond, chlorination pond) for the domestic wastes
from 1,600 people. The wastewater flow is 160,000 gpd; discharge is into
Bayou Chico via Jones Swamp Creek.
The hydraulic design capacity is 0.17 mgd. There appeared to be no
operating problems; however, copper sulfate was used for algae control in
the polishing pond. Treatment efficiency studies were not conducted by
EPA, but monthly reports submitted to the Florida Department of Pollution
Control indicate that the BOD5 and suspended solids removals are approxi-
mately 90 percent.
One 24-hour composite sample, using a Protech automatic sampler, was
collected at the chlorination pond discharge. The constituents discharged
(Table IV) are in the range of concentrations expected from an extended
aeration waste treatment plant. Although the waste load (Table V) from
this facility is small, the discharge is probably contributing to water
quality degradation in Jones Swamp Creek.
20
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Industrial Sources
Newport Division, Teimaco Chemicals, Inc.
Tenneco Chemicals produces Naval Stores products (wood resins,
turpentine, pine oil, and other terpene fractions naturally occurring
in pine stumps) using the solvent extraction process. Raw materials in-
clude pine stumps and a special blend of naptha-toluene extraction solvents.
The wastewater (approximately 1.6 mgd) is pretreated with ferrous sulphate
and lime and pumped to the Main Street Treatment Plant. The surface runoff
is collected in a drainage ditch which flows into an API separator where
oil and grease are manually removed. Runoff is then pumped to the
central pump station which pumps to the Main Street Treatment Plant.
During periods of heavy rainfall, runoff may bypass the pumps and flow
into the upper end of Bayou Chico.
Armstrong Cork Company
The Armstrong Cork Company plant produces fire resistant accoustical
ceiling tile from mineral wool, clay, and other ingredients. Wastes from
the manufacturing process are treated at the company's primary treatment
facility. Solids removed in the primary clarifier are recycled for
recovery and reuse of valuable waste constituents. Treated wastewater
flows from the primary clarifier over a screen into a collection tank for
reuse in the process. Excess water (0.23 mgd) is transported to the final
clarifier and then to the Pensacola Main. Street Wastewater Treatment Plant.
A secondary collection system conveys storm runoff from plant buildings
and grounds and the clear sealing water from a vacuum pump to the central
pump station of the Main Street treatment plant collection system.
21
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Domestic wastes are also pumped to the Pensacola treatment system.
Ashland Chemical Company, Division, of Ashland Oil & Refining Company
The. Ashland Chemical Company produces synthetic resins from petro-
chemicals. The. wastes generated within various manufacturing operations
are segregated and treated by appropriate means (oil separator, settling
ponds, and aeration). The pretreated wastewater (0.15 mgd) is pumped
to Pensacola's Main Street Wastewater Treatment Plant. Domestic wastes
also flow into the city sewer system.
Boise Cascade Corporation
Boise Cascade, Cantonment, Florida, manufactures interior and
exterior plywood from longleaf pine logs. The manufacturing process
consists of the following operations:
o Logs are debarked, veneered, and wood laminates are
prepared for sheet formation.
0 Laminated v?ood is glued, pressed, trimmed, sanded,
and packaged.
Interior glues contain dried blood, soya flour, lime, caustic soda,
and sodium silicate. Formaldehyde and pentachlorophenol may be added to
produce glue which is toxic to insects. Exterior glues contain a furfural
extraction of corncobs and oat hulls, wheat flour, phenolic formaldehyde
resin, and caustic soda ash (1).
The only wastes are from washing glue spreaders and flow to two
underground concrete holding tanks which are cleaned periodically by a
septic tank cleaning service. Steam condensate water and surface drainage
22
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discharge into a ditch and eventually flow into the Escambia River.
A single grab sample was collected for solids analyses from the
ditch 10 feet downstream from the junction of the wastewater streams
from the boiler and production room (Figure 3). Although surface water
flowed through the wood yard, the following concentrations do not reveal
excessive loss of solids:
Total volatile solids 382 mg/1
Total dissolved solids 452 mg/1
Dissolved volatile solids 200 mg/1
Total suspended solids 248 mg/1
Volatile suspended solids 182 mg/1
American Creosote Works, Inc.
The American Creosote Works plant is located southeast of Barrancas'
Avenue and east of "L" Street in Pensacola. Operation at the plant in-
cludes log preparation and treatment. Logs are debarked, treated with an
anti-fungicide (penta-chlorophenate), separated by size and length,
stacked and framed, and placed in a treatment chamber for treatment with
either creosote or pentachlorophenol.
Treatment of logs consists of:
e Steam treating to evaporate water in the wood cells,
followed by vacuum removal of water within the logs;
a Adding air under pressure for a short time and then
adding either creosote or pentachlorophenol for a
specific length of time depending on log thickness, and
o Draining additives and applying a vacuum to remove
excess additives from within the logs.
23
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FIGURE 3
24
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Process wastes and steam condensate containing wood impurities and
additives are discharged to pits where oil is skimmed and creosote
settles. Wastewater flows to evaporation ponds which, are also cooling
ponds for barometric condensers. There was no discharge from the ponds
during the investigation. During intense rainfalls of prolonged duration,
the ponds could possibly overflow. During normal periods of operation,
the dikes should be capable of containing spillage and the sandy soil
would absorb the water. The company plans to dry the existing ponds and
replace them with concrete ponds. Surface drainage flows into the sandy
soil and domestic wastes flow to the city sewer system.
T. R. Miller Company, Inc.
Wood treating operations at the T. R. Miller Company facilities,
located in Brewton, Alabama, consists of log preparation and treatment.
Logs are debarked (bark and wood chips are burned in the boiler operation),
cut to specific lengths, and kiln dried prior to preservative treating.
Poles, posts, piles, and lumber are treated with creosote, penta-
chlorophenol, and water-borne preservatives to prevent decay and protect
against insects. The process includes steam and vacuum conditioning,
preservative impregnation, and final vacuum for cleanliness and excess
preservative recovery.
Wastewater from the preservative operation is piped to a blowdown
tank for transfer to the No. 1 settling pool. Overflow from the No. 1
pool flows to the No. 2 pool and finally to an evaporation-percolation
pond. Steam condensate, from cylinder coils, and pumps, drains into a
condensed steam pool which discharges into a ditch that drains to the
25
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pond overflow ditch. Sanitary wastes are treated in septic tanks.
Excessive rainfall could cause the evaporation-percolation pond
to overflow into a ditch which drains to Murder Creek, a tributary of
the Conecuh River.
Escambia Treating Company
Plant operations of the Escambia Treating Company, located in the
north central portion of Pensacola, consists of log preparation and
treatment. Logs are debarked, treated with an anti-fungicide, separated
by size and length, stacked and framed, and placed in a treatment chamber
for treatment with pentachlorophenol. Escambia Treating Company uses a
log treatment process similar to that employed by American Creosote.
Contaminated x^ater and additives are discharged into an oil separator.
The recovered oil is passed through a filter press where impurities are
removed and the oil is recycled into the process. Wastewater and impurities
flow into the evaporation pond. All pond overflow discharges into the city
sewer system along with the company's domestic wastes.
Federal Facilities
U. S. Naval Air Station
The primary mission of the Naval Air Station (NAS) is to overhaul
and rework aircraft, including air frames and aircraft engines. Work on
the airframe includes paint stripping, oil and grease removal, corrosion
removal, and repainting. Engine overhaul includes degreasing, washing,
rinsing, plating, X-raying, rebuilding, and testing. The base.population
of approximately 16,755 includes naval personnel, dependents and civilians.
26
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The wastewater treatment plant, located on Magazine Point at
the east end of the installation (Figure 1), provides the equivalent
of secondary treatment (Figure 4) for all domestic and industrial wastes
from the station. This system includes the old primary plant, which
treated the domestic wastes prior to construction of the present 3.0 mgd
combined treatment plant. The wastewater flow is about two-thirds
domestic and one-third industrial with a total BOD5 population equivalent
of 12,600. The.Navy plans to increase the old primary portion of the
wastewater treatment plant to 2.5 mgd. The effluent from the cyanide
treatment system, located in building 755, is discharged to the sanitary
sewer system. Before the existing waste treatment plant began operation,
several waste streams (with and without treatment) discharged from various
locations around the station into Pensacola Bay.
During the sample period (March 13-14, 1972), the flow recorder (shunt-
type) was reputed to be operating correctly, and a flow of 1.58 mgd was
recorded. Naval Air Station personnel estimated the flow to be approximately
2.5 mgd; however, the flow meter was assumed correct for calculating waste
loads. The effluent is discharged into Pensacola Bay through a submerged
outfall line, 24 inches in diameter and 2,400 feet in length.
There appeared to be no operational problems, and there was no odor.
Ducks lived near the polishing pond, and the water from the pond was
continuously pumped through an inhabited fish tank.
Treatment efficiency studies were not conducted by EPA, but NAS
personnel state that the BOD5 removal approaches 92 percent, TOC and
COD removals 90 percent, and suspended solids removal 80 percent.
27
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FIGURE 4
PENSACOLA NAVAL AIR STATION
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
TO MlUCDU ur
cc«ricr cmavui
US. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTCCHON AGENCY
REGION JSC
ESCAMBIA BAY STUOY
MARCH, 1972
SUWEILLANC£ AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
.tt"hf:ns mriwriA
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A single 24-hour composite sample, using a Protech automatic
sampler, was collected at the polishing pond discharge (prior to chlori-
nation). Although the organic load is not extremely high (42 lbs/day -
BCJD5, 988 lbs/day - COD, 382 lbs/day - organic carbon, 146 lbs/day - oil
and grease), it does constitute a notable load to Pensacola Bay (Table V).
Metal analyses showed that the discharge into Pensacola Bay contained
1.3 lbs/day of total chromium, 0.7 lbs/day of manganese, and 0.7 lbs/day
of zinc. The daily discharges also contained 0.2 lbs of phenols and 0.3
lbs of cyanide. The metal, phenol, and cyanide loadings are relatively small
and should not significantly contribute to the concentration of these
parameters in Pensacola Bay.
Corry Field (U. S. Wavy)
Corry Field is a U. S. Navy communications training center. Waste-
water treatment facilities serving the training center are located at the
southeast corner of the installation. Treatment facilities (primary
clarification, standard rate trickling filter, secondary clarification,
chlorine contact tank, digester, sludge drying beds) provide secondary
treatment for the domestic wastes from 500 employees. No industrial waste
is produced. Wastewater flow is approximately 175,000 gallons per day.
Surface discharge is into Bayou Chico via Jones Swamp Creek.
The hydraulic design capacity of the plant is 0.21 mgd. Although
there appeared to be no operating problems, the 350 gallons per capita per
day wastewater flow recorded indicates the presence of an unreported dis-
charge or extremely high infiltration occurred. Completion of a new
housing facility and hospital will cause increased loadings which will
29
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exceed the capacity of the existing treatment facility. A proposal
to pump waste from Corry Field to the Pensacola sewer system has been
considered, but plans have not been finalized yet.
Treatment efficiency studies were not conducted by EPA, but Navy
personnel state that BOD5 removal approaches 95 percent, TOC about 85
percent, COD about 92 percent, and suspended solids approximately 80
percent. . One 24-hour composite sample using a Serco automatic sampler
was collected at the final clarifier discharge. The concentration and
loads of the constituents discharged are presented in Tables IV and V,
respectively.
30
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REFERENCES
1. Nemerow, Nelson L. "Liquid Waste of Industry - Theories, Practices,
and Treatment". Addison-Wesley- Publishing Company, Reading, Mass.
p. 467.
2. EPA, Surveillance and Analysis Division, Athens, Georgia. "Waste
Source Study and Review of Waste Treatment and Control Practices,
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., Pensacola, Florida", May 1972.
3. EPA, Surveillance and Analysis Division, Athens, Georgia. "Waste
Source Study and Review of Waste Treatment and Control Practices,
American Cyanamid Company, Pensacola, Florida", May 1972.
4. EPA, Surveillance and Analysis Division, Athens, Georgia. "Waste
Source Study and Review of Waste Treatment and Control Practices,
Monsanto Chemical Company, Pensacola, Florida", May 1972.
5. EPA, Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region IV, Atlanta, Georgia.
"Container Corporation of America - Brewton Mill", November 1971.
6. U. S. Department of the Interior, FWPCA. "Effects of Pollution on
Water Quality - Escambia River and Bay, Florida", January 1970.
31
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APPENDIX A
PROJECT PERSONNEL
Tom Bennett - Chemist
Jerry Burger - Engineering Aid
Steve Hall - Sanitary Engineer
Wiley Johnson - Chemical Technician
Pat Lawless - Chemist
A-l
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PARAMETER
Acidity
Alkalinity
Ammonia
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand
Chemical Oxygen
Demand
Chromium, Total
Cobalt
Copper
Dissolved Solids
Cyanides
Manganese
Nitrate-Nitrite
APPENDIX B
CHEMICAL ANALYTICAL METHODS
Water and Wastewater
METHOD REFERENCE
Volumetric, NaOH Titration 1
H2SO4 Titration 1
Automated Phenolate Method 2
Uinkler D.O., 5-day 1,2
Acid-Dichrornate Oxidation 2
Atomic Absorption 1,2
Atonjic Absorption 1,2
Atomic Absorption 1,2
Difference Between Total and
Solids
Pyridine-Pyrazolone
Atomic Absorption 1,2
Copper-Cadmium Reduction, 2
Automated
MODIFICATION
Potentiometric Endpoint
11 U
None
Azide Kodification Formula "C"
Dilution Mater w/Sewage Sed-
None
HCI-HNO3 Digestion
HCI-HWO3 Digestion
HCI-HNO3 Digestion
Distillation Cleanup
HCI-HNO3 Digestion
None
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PARAMETER
METHOD
REFERENCE
MODIFICATION
Oil and Grease
PH
Phenols
Phosphorus
Suspended Solids
Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
Total Organic Carbon
Total Solids
Volatile Suspended
Solids
Volatile Total Solids
Zinc
Titanium
Vanadium
Solvent Extraction
Electrometric
4-Aminoantipyrine
Ascorbic Acid Method
Gravimetric
Automated Phenolate Method
Carbon Analyzer
Gravimetric, 105°C
Gravimetric, 550°C
Gravimetric, 550°C
Atomic Absorption
Atomic Absorption
Atomic Absorption
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1,2
1,2
1,2
None
None
Distillation, Automated
Colorimetric Analysis
Automated, Manual Digestion
None
None
None
None
None
None
HCI-HNO3 Digestion
HCI-HNO3 Digestion
HCI-HNO3 Digestion
References
1. Standard Methods for Examination' of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, 1971.
2. EPA Manual of Methods for Chemical Analyses of Water and Wastes, 1971.
3. ASTM Book of Standards, Part 23, 1971.
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