November 1997, Vol.1 No. 1
ST*
Technology
Innovation
Office
On-Site
IrtSights
'
Northeast
Hazardous
Research
Center
Featuring News on Training and Use of Innovative Site Characterization and Monitoring Technologies
//
New" Field-Based Site Assessment and
Monitoring Training Program
The high cost of characterization and long-term
monitoring associated with site clean-up is widely
recognized. Until recently, clean-up professionals
have had few technology alternatives to the conventional
sampling and contaminant analysis approach. Over the
last ten years, innovators have been developing field
portable analytical technologies to meet site characteriza-
tion and monitoring needs. The Northeast Hazardous
Substance Research Center (NHSRC) and EPA's Technol-
ogy Innovation Office (TIO) have teamed up to provide
state and local officials and consulting engineers training
on new field-based technologies for characterizing and
monitoring site clean-ups.
The program will include a detailed discussion of
field-based assessment technologies, present survey results
About HSRC/S&SW
This Hazardous Substance Research
Center represents EPA Regions 4
and 6 under the leadership of
Louisiana State University. Its
activities focus on the management of hazardous
substances in contaminated sediments and dredged
materials with more than half of the Center's research,
development and transfer efforts relating to these
problems. Specific topics of research projects within
the contaminated sediments/dredge materials focus
area include:
in situ chemical mobilization processes in beds
and confined disposal facilities
in situ remediation
in situ detection
Participating Universities:
Georgia Institute of Technology, Louisiana State
University and Rice University.
For more Information on Center Activities, Research
and Programs contact: Dr. Danny Reible, Director
504-388-6770.
from state quality assurance and quality control officials
on criterion for acceptable data, and allow participants to
experiment with technologies to illustrate the ease of data
collection and interpretation.
The program, funded by TIO, will engage and educate
technology users, manufacturers and regulators, federal,
state and city, on state of the art technologies that are
currently commercially available around the country. This
program will utilize the five Hazardous Substance Re-
search Centers (HSRCs) which represent pairs of EPA
regions and the states that comprise each region pair.
Developments in environmental assessment technologies,
methodology, monitoring and remediation will be show-
cased during breaks and following the training allowing
participants to become more familiar with the HSRC's
mission and research program.	continued on page 6
Catch the Technology Wave
The "Wave of the Future" hit Long Beach California
on August 18th of this year, when 139 officials from
39 states , 21 corporate representatives, and US EPA
regional and headquarters officials met for a conference
on innovative technologies that apply to CERCLA assess-
ment and remediation. The Association of State and
Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials, or
ASTSWMO, hosted the two day conference in Long
Beach, California. The goal was to train CERCLA manag-
ers, both state and federal, on innovative technologies that
can aid in characterization and remediation.
continued on page 7
What's Inside?
Technical Highlight: Faster, Better, Cheaper Analysis of Organic
Compounds in Soil	2
Vacant Lots to Common Ground	3
Encouraging Innovative Technology for Smaller Sites	4
Up-Coming Training Events	5

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TECHNICAL HIGHLIGHT
Faster, Better, Cheaper Analysis of Organic
Compounds in Soil
by Dr. Albert Robbat, Jr.
The Problem/Challenge
From the initial site investigation to design and
completion of remedial actions, sampling and
analysis programs play a key role in the nation's
environmental restoration business. In contrast to the
phased engineering approach, where samples are collected
and shipped off-site for chemical analysis, adaptive
sampling and analysis programs are based on a dynamic
work plan where the program itself relies on field data to
determine the nature and extent of contamination at the
site.
Hanscom Air Force Base (HAFB) is in the process of
conducting Human Health and Ecological Risk Assess-
ments and Feasibility Studies for the airfield. In addition,
the effectiveness of the 1987/88 drum and soil removal
actions and five-year operation of the ground water
collection, recharge and treatment systems must also be
assessed.
The challenge was to demonstrate that field analytical
technologies can produce data fast enough to support the
on-site decision making process at costs equal to or less
than that of off-site chemical analysis without sacrificing
data quality.
Approach
Staff from HAFB, EPA Region I, their respective
contractors, CH2MHill and Camp Dresser & McKee, the
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
and Tufts University developed and carried out a dynamic
site investigation at the airfield. The project was funded by
the U.S. EPA, in part, through President Clinton's Envi-
ronmental Technology Initiative. The adaptive sampling
and analysis strategy involved relying on data produced in
the field to make decision as to the location of samples to
be collected and the types of analysis to be performed.
Field instruments and methods were developed at Tufts
University in cooperation with several analytical instru-
ment companies and service providers. The premise being
that if analytical data can be produced in the field with
known quality to meet the stated Data Quality Objectives
(DQO's), then the perceived and/or institutional barriers
impeding their usage in the laboratory or field should be
greatly reduced.
2 On-Site InSights
The team's primary goal was to show that the tech-
nologies and methods can be used to support a dynamic
work plan/adaptive sampling analysis program.
Innovative Technologies
Breakthrough productivity gains were obtained by two
technologies, the Ion Fingerprint Detection™(IFD)
software and the thermal desorption gas chromatograph
(TD/GC). The IDF software produced unmatched mea-
surement selectivity without the need for extensive sample
clean-up or long GC run times. It accomplishes this by
using algorithms with "look through" non-target MS
signals and unambiguously determine compound identity,
minimizing masking of low concentration target com-
pounds by high concentration matrix interferents. Target
compounds, which are at low levels, are not lost due to
complex matrix constituents or the need to dilute
samples. IFD decreases the per samples analyzed per day
per instrument over traditional analytical technologies.
A ballistically heated (ambient to 300"C in <8-sec)
thermal desorption unit can be used to introduce solid or
liquid extracts into a GC/MS. Because larger quantities (2-
L to 200- L) of material can be put into the instrument,
TD sample introduction yielded increased sensitivity to
GC with electron capture detection (GC/ECD).
Purge and trap GC/MS with the IFD data analysis
software provided the same data quality as EPA reference
method SW846-8260A for VOCs. TDGC/MS with IFD
data analysis software provided the same data quality as
EPA reference method SW846 - 8260A for PCBs and
PAHs without the need for sample clean-up or
preconcentration.
Results
Six hundred and one soil samples were screened for
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using direct measur-
ing thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry (TDGC/MS). Based on these results, 158 soil
samples were quantitatively analyzed by purge and trap
GC/MS on-site.
VOC analysis times were 30-sec/sample and 15-min/
sample, respectively. A 3- min/sample solvent extraction
procedure was used to prepare 70 soil samples for quanti-
tative analysis by TDGC/MS for semi-volatile organic
continued on page 6

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Vacant Lots to Common Ground
by Warren Goldstein-Gelb
Tufts University together with several community-
based organizations in New England is bringing
together a diverse mix of organizations in some of
the regions most economically and environmentally
distressed areas to build the capacity of communities to
revitalize vacant or abandoned contaminated properties
(commonly called "brownfields").
Tufts' Environment and Community Development
program has spearheaded an effort to match community-
identified needs with university resources on issues related
to brownfields and on other issues where environmental
and community development concerns intersect. The
program works principally with community development
and other local stakeholders interested in revitalizing the
environment and economy of some of the region's hardest
hit communities
The Brownfields Education Project will begin with
identifying community concerns. Initial funding from the
Technical Outreach Services for Communities (TOSC)
program administered by the Northeast Hazardous
Substance Research Center (NHSRC) paired Tufts with
the Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative (DSNI) a
Roxbury, Massachusetts-based community organization.
For DSNI, the 1300 vacant lots in Dudley area posed a
daunting barrier to the community-driven vision of
creating a revitalized 'urban village'. In a neighborhood
where disinvestment has left few locally owned small
"We are looking at strategies that will create
businesses that are owned and operated by
residents,"
—DSNI Executive Director, Greg Watson said in
an interview for the TOSC-funded Dudley
Neighborhood.
businesses, and where 32% of the residents live below the
poverty line, brownfields revitalization also represented an
opportunity that the community could not afford to
overlook.
A "Teach in - Speak Out" held at a Roxbury commu-
nity church in June, 1996 launched a series of workshops,
discussions, and publications designed by the Brownfields
continued on page 7
A Regional Conference
Do the issues unearthed in Roxbury apply elsewhere in
the region? In the summer of 1997, the Environment and
Community Development Program interviewed community
development corporations, municipal officials, small
business intermediaries, and lenders, and environmental
justice organizations to determine whether the small site
brownfield issue was a widespread or local phenomenon,
and what skills and tools these organizations would need to
move the small site issue forward.
The resulting Needs Assessment,'The Challenge of
Small Sites', reported the results of more than 25 interviews
with key stakeholders interested in small site brownfields
revitalization. Questions focused on top issues of concern in
efforts to revitalize brownfields' availability of information
and/or training, barriers to revitalization; and desired
technical assistance. Results indicated the need for primers,
case studies of successful project developments, policy
dialogues and skill-building in a variety of areas. A key
question involved strategies to finance site assessment and
remediation.
This Needs Assessment framed the agenda for a
conference at Tufts University held on November 14-15,
1997: Vacant Lots to Common Ground: Strategies for
Community-based Brownfields Revitalization, sponsored by
the EPA's Northeast Hazardous Substance Research Center
and the US EPA Office of Research and Development.
Conference workshops introduced diverse stakeholders to
site assessment and remediation, new technologies for
assessment and cleanup, as well as financing, policy, and
marketing strategies for brownfields revitalization.
A special Saturday session will bring multiple stakehold-
ers together in an interactive simulation of a typical
brownfields scenario. Robert Burdick, a faculty member from
the Department of Urban and Environmental Policy, worked
with program staff to design a simulation that would help
participants build new skills, work collaboratively with
diverse stakeholders, and strengthen local and regional
strategies for community-based brownfields collaboration.
ECD approach has been to effectively tap into these re-
sources in ways that address community concerns.The ECD
program is housed at the Lincoln Finely Center, a regional
leader in training and resources for non-profit management,
community service learning, research and training on citizen
participation.
On-Site InSights 3

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Encouraging Innovative Technology for
Small Sites
Regulatory and institutional barriers to technology
innovation result in a loss of market opportunity,
for both technology developers and users, and
increased government expenditures to evaluate and
approve new technologies. Finding solutions to overcome
these barriers is crucial, because innovative technology
(IT) has the potential to clean-up and protect the environ-
ment and public health in a more cost-effective and
efficient manner.
The New England Interstate Regulatory Cooperation
Project is an innovative federal/state partnership designed
to promote the acceptance of new environmental tech-
nologies in New England and improve the competitive-
ness of regionally-based envirotech companies for mar-
keting their technologies both Nationally and abroad.
Inadequate site characterization, as well as the
lack of cost-effective treatment measures, can
lead to unnecessarily expensive remedies.
Currently, in the Northeast States, state waste site clean-up
programs are dealing more with smaller contaminated
sites. Innovative clean-up and assessment technologies
which have been used in the past on large Superfund sites,
are not directly transferable to smaller sites. This creates a
gap in the use of ITs which would improve quality and
efficiency of assessment and remediation at smaller sites.
These smaller sites are sometimes closed with insufficient
data to ensure the adequacy of containment, treatment or
removal measures. Inadequate site characterization, as
well as the lack of cost-effective treatment measures, can
lead to unnecessarily expensive remedies. The high cost of
site characterization to address financial uncertainties can
also discourage site redevelopment in "brownfields" areas.
The Program
In an effort to address this problem, the Northeast
Waste Management Official's Association (NEWMOA)
has received a grant from the New England Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA) to encourage the develop-
ment and use of innovative technologies for the assess-
ment and remediation of smaller contaminated sites in
the Northeast states. The objectives of this effort at to:
¦ develop a framework for the gathering and sharing of
cost and performance data for small site assessment
and remediation
¦	hold a conference for state oversight officials, innova-
tive technology developers and vendors to exchange
information concerning: state regulatory and technical
requirements,
¦	matching IT with problems found in small sites, and
overcoming obstacles to the development and use of
ITs
¦	evaluate and summarize the status and availability of
IT for smaller sites
¦	draft an interstate MOU to endorse and support
regional efforts to promote regulatory cooperation
through a framework to share cost and performance
data
¦	develop recommendations concerning the creation of
a clearinghouse or other suitable mechanism for
gathering and sharing information about assessment,
remediation and monitoring technologies for smaller
sites
Who is NEWMOA?
NEWMOA is a nonprofit association whose member-
ship is composed of state environmental agency directors
of the hazardous waste, solid waste, waste site cleanup,
and pollution prevention programs in Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. NEWMOA's mission is
to help states articulate, promote, and implement eco-
nomically sound regional programs for the enhancement
of environmental protection.
A Recent Conference
In May of this year, the organization decided to focus
on "small sites" such as petroleum and brownfields. In
working toward this mission, NEWMOA and the US EPA
collaborated to host their annual conference, which
focused on Technology Training with an emphasis on
small sites for greater implementation of innovative
characterization and remediation technologies.
The conference goals:
¦	provide training and guidance on technical transfer
regarding assessment and clean-up technologies that
are available for small sites, such as petroleum and
other contaminants often found at brownfield sites;
continued on page 5
4 On-Site InSights

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The New England Interstate Regulatory
Cooperation Project is an innovative federal/
state partnership designed to promote the
acceptance of new environmental
technologies in New England and improve
the competitiveness of regionally-based
envirotech companies for marketing their
technologies both Nationally and abroad.
¦	identify regulatory oversight program needs, define
responsible party needs and obstacles to use of innova-
tive technology and;
¦	provide a forum for information exchange with
technology vendors.
There was also a panel discussion regarding assessment
and cleanup technologies for small sites, moderated by
Frank Ciavattieri of EPA Region I. On this panel, topics
included innovative technology for brownfield sites,
Massachusetts STEP Program, the Interstate Technology
and Regulatory Cooperative (ITRC) Workgroup, and the
collaboration of NEWMOA states and EPA Region I to
encourage development and use of innovative technolo-
gies.

Natural Attenuation '97
Hazardous Waste Management for Beginners

Date: December 8-9
Date: December 15-16

Contact: IBC USA Conference, Inc.
Contact: Environmental Resource Center
l/t
508-481-6400
800-537-2372 x222
•*->
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a/
EPA to Host Technology Verification Conference
On-Site Insights - Training on Innovative
UJ
Date: December 9th, 1997
Characterization Technologies
a\
Contact: Center for Environmental Industry and
Date: January 15,1998 in Atlanta, Georgia
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Technology
Contact: Andrea Kinney
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1-800-575-CEIT
508-358-3532
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IBC's International Congress on Human Health:
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Date: January 26-28
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On-Site IttSighls 5
NEWMOA's Role
EPA Region I and NEWMOA are involved in an effort
to facilitate the development and use of innovative
technology in order to improve the efficiency and effec-
tiveness of private and public clean up. As William Cass,
Executive Director of NEWMOA, explains, smaller states
do not have the resources to participate in multi-day
activities such as ITRC or others that require national
travel. The smaller states can, however, participate in one-
day events that are centrally located in their region. (Two
NEWMOA member states, Massachusetts and New York,
participate in ITRC. Through NEWMOA, the smaller New
England states can benefit from the information that is
disseminated by NEWMOA. This is a great asset to some
NEWMOA members who do not have the resources to
participate in ITRC directly.)
Smaller states do not have the resources to
participate in multi-day activities such as
ITRC or others that require national travel.
The smaller states can, however, participate
in one-day events that are centrally located
in their region.

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¦	Technology Training, from page 1
Goals for Field-Based Training Program
The primary goal of the training program is to educate
technology users in the following areas:
¦	the use and application of new field measurement and
monitoring technologies, including "hands on" experi-
ence with some technologies,
¦	matching technologies with site-specific contaminants,
¦	practical considerations for implementation of tech-
nologies, and
¦	acceptable data standards for technologies.
The workshops are expected to address timely issues
that affect all stakeholders, including:
¦	information on technology options,
¦	networking opportunities for developers, engineering
contractors and site owners, as well as city, state and
federal regulators,
¦	suggestions for reducing technology, as well as data
acceptance, barriers at the local level, and
¦	national perspective on the technology use and data
acceptance programs, at both the state and national
level, that are developed by many states and several
EPA regions including but not limited to the EPA
headquarters.
Workshop Schedule
Five workshops to be held between January 1998 to
October 1998 are as follows:
January 1998
First Workshop hosted by Georgia Tech and the HSRC/
South & Southwest in Atlanta, Georgia
March 1998
Workshop hosted by the Northeast HSRC in
Massachusetts
May 1998
Workshop hosted by Colorado State and the Great
Plains/Rocky Mountain HSRC in Denver, Colorado
July 1998
Workshop hosted by the Western Region HSRC in
California
October 1998
Workshop hosted by Great Lakes & Mid- Atlantic
HSRC in Illinois
Following each workshop a newsletter will be pro-
duced that will feature the training session, research
developments and technology training events occurring
elsewhere in the nation.
For further information on attending or participating in
this exciting effort please contact the project director:
Andrea Kinney
Phone: 508-358-3532
e-mail: andreakinney@worldnet.att.net
Brownfields Need Cost-Effective
Environmental Characterization
One example of the increasing need for innovation
in environmental site assessment is the growing number
of urban clean-up sites, or "Brownfields" Such sites need
characterization methods that can be easily used on-site
to determine "smaller" site conditions prior to develop-
ment. According to the U.S. EPA, cost-effective character-
ization and monitoring technologies are the most
important tools for effective management decisions for
site remediation. Increased use of on-site technology will
improve the precision and accuracy of site characteriza-
tion, thereby protecting human health and ecology with
much greater efficiency.
¦ Faster, Better, Cheaper, from page 2
compounds. PCBs and PAHs were detected in the same
mixture at the rate of 10-min/sample. Inductively coupled
plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP/OES) was
used to analyze 120 samples for metal contamination on-
site.
Site contamination maps were produced to facilitate
the on-site decision making process, with the adaptive
sampling analysis program reaching completion in ten
days. The data produced was of sufficient quality to be
used for risk assessment. The EPA conducted field and
laboratory audits, reviewed SOPs, method detection limit
(MDL) studies, and verified all data.
HAFB, as a result of this effort, has already modified
the ground water collection system. VOC in fluent con-
centrations into the treatment plant have increased from
500-ppb (August 1996) to 900-ppb (August 1997).
The data produced in the field can support its use in
the HAFB risk analysis and in assessing the effectiveness
of past removal actions.
6 On-Site InSights

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¦	Catch the Wave, from page 1
Conference Overview
The introductory plenary session presented an overview
of states and businesses that are currently addressing
innovative technologies. Kent Gray moderated a panel
with Dr. Walt Kovalick, speaking about EPA's Technology
Innovation Office (TIO) and Nancy Worst of Texas spoke
of the Interstate Technology Regulatory Cooperation
(ITRC).
Dr. Steve Liedle, President of Bechtel Hanford, Inc.
gave an industry perspective of the process of selecting
innovative technologies followed by an overview of
technologies and information resources by Jeff
Heimerman of EPA's TIO.
Breakout Sessions included discussion on public
participation and community acceptance issues, liability,
risk when using innovative technologies, and barriers that
need to be overcome for states to accept an innovative
technology.
Other plenary sessions included:
¦	An overview of the Federal Remediation Roundtable
by Todd Margrave, US Navy, and Greg Williams, from
California, explained the formal acceptance process
from the state perspective.
¦	Technology Communication and Acceptance by Dr.
James Dearing, Dept. of Communications, Michigan
State University, Opinion Leadership - Social Networks
and Innovation Attributes.
¦	Financing of Remediation Technologies by Dag Syrrist,
National Research Council, based upon NRC study
entitled "Innovations in Groundwater and Soil
Cleanup: From Concept to Commercialization"
¦	Cost Performance of Innovative Technologies
¦	Trends in Innovative Technologies and Voluntary
Clean-up Programs
Concurrent with the presentations were a number of
technology exhibits and demonstrations, including an
innovative treatment technologies course and a field-
based site characterization technologies course. The
conference ended with an open forum on Superfund re-
authorization and innovative technologies.
Conference Findings
Attendees concluded from breakout sessions on barriers
to implementation of innovative remediation technolo-
gies were:
1. State regulators and engineering companies need
more education and better awareness of innovative
remediation and characterization technologies.
2.	State officials and companies dealing with innovative
technologies would benefit from real world cost and
performance data generated by an unbiased party (not
the technology vendor or site owner). This informa-
tion would enhance the rate at which new technologies
are implemented at sites across the country.
3.	Risk, in the case of technology failure, must be re-
duced as it applies to all parties. States and EPA are risk
adverse and companies do not want to implement a
technology that has even the slightest chance of failing.
Attendees recommended that a system be established
that will not penalize the owner, state regulator, or
contractor if the technology should fail.
4.	Regulation inflexibility, conflicting authorities, and
procurement protocols are a major source of confusion
and a barrier. The only suggestions given for this to be
overcome was for the vendor and site owner to be
creative.
All parties agreed that the current state of remediation
technologies are not sufficient at actually taking care of
the problem. New legislation on performance based
modeling, to be released soon by EPA is aimed at helping
to overcome some current barriers to technology imple-
mentation.
For More Information or Formal Proceedings, Contact
ASTSWMO at 202-624-5970
¦ Vacant Lots, from page 3
Education Project to foster community involvement in
brownfields programs, and to learn more about the
community's major concerns. As residents and commu-
nity development groups focused their interests on the
desire to enhance locally owned business development,
the project sharpened its research and outreach focus on
brownfields and community economic development.
Together, Tufts and DSNI developed workshops,
training, and publications to match brownfield revitaliza-
tion to the priority concerns of residents and local busi-
nesses. Teams of Tufts graduate students in urban and
environmental policy and civil and environmental engi-
neering answered DSNI's need for information about
alternative remediation strategies and financing small
business development on brownfields with reports that
were developed in semester-long capstone and field
project classes.
In Roxbury and North Dorchester, small brownfield
sites, former homes to diverse uses such as auto repair
continued on page 8
On-Site InSights 7

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¦ Vacant Lots, from page 7
shops, electroplaters, printers, and bakeries, don't always
get the attention of the larger tracts of land in other cities
and suburbs that can sometimes attract big developers
and a large number of new jobs with a single project.
Many communities, however, see these smaller sites as
a key to local community revitalization. In pockets and
clusters, they litter the landscapes of entire neighbor-
hoods. They raise hopes for renewed community eco-
nomic vitality, but deliver despair in the reality of envi-
ronmental, economic, political, and scicial forces that have
kept them idle for so long. Residents, municipalities, and
community organizations know that these sites are critical
pieces of the puzzle of community revitalization, but they
struggle to put the pieces together. For example, at a
community meeting sponsored by the Brownfields
Education Project in June, 1997, local business owners
shared visions of a revitalized "urban village" that pro-
vided good jobs and local stores. They covered the walls of
the meeting room with words, ideas, and resources that
could fill vacant land with new community life.
In a discussion facilitated by the Tufts program, small
groups identified available resources and barriers to
successful development. Financial barriers, confusion, and
site control problems were listed as key barriers. For the
small businesses and community development groups
attending, the barriers weren't simply environmental.
They included cost of land acquisition, a lack of access to
capital for start-up and expanding businesses, and a
perceived mismatch between lending criteria of local
banks and the needs of the community. Participants also
identified fear of crime by outside groups, and fear of
outsiders by residents as factors that could discourage
development.
Through Education Capacity is Limitless
Through education and training workshops, practical
policy research and evaluation, publications and other
communication vehicles, ECD works with its partners to
build the capacity of multiple community stakeholders to
integrate environmental issues into community develop-
ment decisions and to work more effectively to develop
solutions to multi-faceted problems. A primary goal of
ECD programs is to contribute to a better understanding
of how to practice environmentally sound development,
to identify success stories, and share lessons learned for
organizations struggling to build communities that are
economically and environmentally sustainable.
For more information on ECD or the Brownfields
Conference please call 617-627-5118.
On-Site InSights Newsletter and Program Information
Editor: Andrea Kinney
Co-Editor: Birgit Caliandro
This will be the first of five publications which will
highlight training and assessment applications occurring
around the country over the next year. We are interested in
your needs and ideas for future programs that could offer
you benefit and increase your capacity to utilize these
technologies in the future. Please contact us with your
needs or for more information on existing EPA and HSRC
programs, technology, and training tools related to innova-
tive characterization technologies at 508-358- 3532.
On-Site InSights
NHSRC/NJIT
17 Glen Road
Wayland, MA 01778

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