U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
PB-255 162
WATER QUALITY COMPARISON STUDY
ESCAMBIA RIVER AND OTHER
NORTHWEST FLORIDA STREAMS
Environmental Protection Agency
January 1972

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WATER QUALITY COMPARISON STUDY
ESCAMBIA RIVER AND OTHER NORTHWEST FLORIDA STR2AMS
PROPERTY OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Environmental Protection Agency
Region IV
Surveillanco ot:d Analysis Division
Athens, Georgia
January 1972

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC OATA
3HBRT
I. Report No,
3, Recipient's Accession No.
PB-255 162
*j|4. Tills and Subtitle
Water Quality Comparison Study,
Escambia River and Other Northwest Florida Streams.
5. Report Dste
Jan 72
6.
7. Autbor(s)
S. Performing Organization Rept.
No.
9. Performing Orgsnixstion Nssis sod Address
Environmental Protection Agency
Athens, Ga.
Surveillance and Analysis Olv.
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
II. Contrsct/Grant No.
12. Sponsoiing Organization Nsat sod Address
13. Type of Report U Period
Covered
14.
IS. Supplemeatsry Notes
16. Abstracts
A limited survey was conducted to produce data for use 1n comparing water quality
(Including nutrient quality) of the Escambia River with other streams In the
Northwest Florida area. Of particular Interest were the relative nitrogen,
phosphorus and organic concentrations.
17. Key Words sod Document Anslysis. 17a. Descriptors
~Water quality,
~Escambia River,
Water pollution.
Biochemical oxygen demand,
Nitrogen,
Phosphorus,
Color,
Carbon,
Turbidity,
Coliforms,
I7U Idenilfiers/Opeo-Eoded Terns
Northwest Reglon(Florlda),
Dissolved oxygen.
Temperature,
Dissolved gases,
Surveys,
Florida.
17c. COSATI FUld/Gtoup
II. Afsilsbility Statement
13 B
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Virginia 22161
19. Security CUss (Tbi»
Report)
M. S.clIS'g|fL
P(i<
UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
14p
22. Pi ice
3.50/2.25
POMM NTtt-l* inkv.	ENDORSED BY ANSI AND UNESCO.
THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED
UtCOUU-DC I

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i
Ih'TRODliCTIOM
»
I
In October 1971, the Southeast Region of the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) received a request for technical assistance
in comparing nutrient concentrations in the Escambia River watershed
with other streams in the northwest Florida area. A meeting was held
in Atlanta between EPA, the Florida Department of Pollution Control
(FDPC), and Alabama Water Improvement Commission (AWIC) personnel to
prepare for the third session of the Escambia Riyer Conference planned
for January, 1972. Because of extensive recent studies in the Conecuh-
Escambia River and Bay it was decided that very little additional field
work was necessary. A limited survey was planned to produce data for
use in comparing water quality (Including nutrient quality) of the
Escambia River with other streams in the Northwest Florida area. Of
/ *
particular Interest were the relative nitrogen, phosphorus and organic
concentrations. A cooperative study was conducted from November 22 to
December 6, 1971 by FDPC and EPA. Florida personnel collected samples and
performed the analysis for all reported parameters except nitrogen phos-
phorus and TOC in their Pensacola laboratory. Nutrient analyses were
completed at the Southeast Water Laboratory in Athens, Georgia.
DESCRIPTION OF AREA
The study area lies between and Includes the Perdido and Choctavhachee
River Basins in Northwest Florida (Figure 1). Streams in this area drain
t
the Florida panhandle and extreme Southern Alabama. Land use in the north-
ern portions of the Escambia, Yellow and Choctawhatchee Basins is primarily
•gricultural with timber covered areas predominating in the southern
portion. All streams under consideration except the Conecuh-Escambia

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WASHINGTON CO.
KEY
O Sompllfif Station
SCALE IN MILES
S O 5 10
N
2
SITE PLAN
' i : i
i
LJ ti i-. i
I
\
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IE
STATIONS LOCATIONS
NORTHWEST- FLORIDA STREAMS
SURVEILLANCE 8 ANALYSIS DIVISION
ATHENS „. •	GEORGIA
2}
G~>
C
I}
n

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2
receive relatively small quantities of domestic or Industrial wastes
and can be classified as clean streams, particularly in the reaches
covered by this survey. Drainage areas upstream from some of the sampling
stations are:
Sta. No. 3, Escambia River, Florida, Highway 0 4, 3817 sq. mi.
Sta. No. 13, Choctawhatehee River, Florida, Highway # 20, 4384 sq. mi.
Sta. No. 14, Choctawhatehee River, U. S. Highway 8 90, 3499 sq. ni.
Sta. No. 11, Yellow River, IJ. S. Highway 8 £0, 624 sq. mi.
Sta. No. 12, Shoal River, Florida, Highway 85, 474* sq. mi.
Sta. No. 8, Perdido River, Barrlneau Park, 394 sq. mi.
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
One grab sample per week at mid water depth was taken for three
consecutive weeks from 14 locations. Streamflows In the area were
unusually low when the first set of samples were collected but increased
progressively on two additional runs as a result of locally heavy rain-
fall. Flow Information was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey.
Figure 1 shows the sampling stations and Appendix A lists the tabulated
study data. Appendix B shows average values for data collected by pPA
or its predecessor agencies between 1966.and 1971. These data were
retrieved from STORET—^ and represent part of the water quality record
for these stations. Figures 1 through 9 are graphs of both the recent
and STORET water quality data. Minor variations were observed In com-
paring water quality of these streams. The following are general obser-
1/ STORET is a computerized system for storage and retrieval of water
quality data.

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—		„		—;—i.,;.-.		:
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iym:	*•

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s:
r
r jo -A
• o H
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4.0 H
H
to
to H
KEY
~
~
11/21/11
tt/i/n
FIGURE 2
FLOW DURING STUDY PERIOD
PLUS AVERAGE FLOW FOR STORET DATA
T
t.lto
R
tiouc?
n
1 !.»*>¦)
\/^
w,
H

%
P
lj
I '
I i
I
I
1
1
I
I.IU
STATIONS
FIGURE 3
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND^ VARIATIONS
r-
[I-1 !'
»'li
!: !• I' !' il 1 I: l!
¦It ILJlJI n it m LL
n
nn; inn,
i
JlJl .li.Ji.ii .Ji
]nnDrn I
ll Jl :i .11. n. .1
i )* • r • ii ii ii i4 i j« « r * ii ii it i« i i* « ? t ii ij i) i«
STATIONS
11/21/71	11/19/71	*2/4/7)
DATE
NOTE • CKAUfcA lUVtA 47 ClNTl*T 714.
l
Pi
J.Lis
'nH

1 ii.ii.
ii
I J* 4 7 • ii 12 U i4
or IIOKtT DATA

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-r-r* t'
„ . .. ...
* v:" • • •	" •• ••
mm

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jt -
jo -
jM -
jd* H
t
£ 4M A
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JO0
n'
ii
n.
r
J1
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1—LUJ.	uuJ	I.
i >* « r • ii 12 •» u
ll/It/TI
FIGURE 4
PHOSPHORUS VARIATIONS
n 1
P1 In nilnn
!' i . 1 ' '• |! I:
!. :•
I' • i. i'
UL . ,.,i. ¦ ¦
H r^n
r-n
I;
I, !r
i
i
i , ...... ]
• I** 4 T f II 12 13 14 I »• » 7 a II 12 I) 14
STATIONS
11/29/71	12/6/71
CATC
.1*1
D
r\\ '
n...
i
ii
4 1
I
>..'1 I'
I 3*6 T 0 II 12 13
AVERAGE Of STOAET DATA
1.4 -
It -

• *
o .« -
0« -
I
04 -
0* -
L
A.
I I* • 1 • II 12 13 14
11/12/71
FIGURE 5
NITROGEN VARIATIONS
KEY
] TOTAL »IT«0M«
~ «"»
tsi
Jtal
i~i.

I 3« 4 T I II 12 13 14 I J" 4 7 • Ii 12 1} 14
STATIONS
. 11/24/71	12/4/71
CATC
f *
¦i jm
i
H
I »• 4 7 • II II I)
•VEAAOE Of STO^CT DATA
NOTt « (SCAUfeA RivCft AT CE*Tv*T fLA.

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• < m.+tmttx-;'.-
«?-G
Figure 6
COLOR VARl^TiOKS
n
r.

n
I ' I
I [—••Tf -•
I !
n
:n
n
! i I
r'"* >1
I
•	' I
•	i *
II • 7 • II 12 IS |1
II/22/7I
I
I i u 7 a II >2 IS M I S * 7 0 II 12 IS
S1ATI0':3
II/29/7I	(2/e/TI
DATE
FIGURE 7
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON VARIATIONS
n
i,
r
n
!"•' !
ri
r ^ i *"11 t'%
n
r »
I
» • T I II 17 IS 14 I J* | 7 I II 12 IS 14 I S* C 7
STATIONS
li/SZ/ri	11/29/71	12/4/71
DATE
4 .	-k,
II 12 IS 14
i—U				 '¦
IS « 7 • II 12 IS
tt/ffUSC Of STOKCT wu !
NOTE * liCAMBiA H'VCA A7 CtHTuAY.flA.

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r- v.^.« > *)
z-cL
FIGURE 8
TOTaL 8 DSSOLVED SOLIDS VACATIONS
300
o
200 -
J
o
s
o
0
& 100 -
l',UO
fl "0
p..VI
401
. 0
(1
p-j
f) I.7IO
I,
: I

n
n
nfln
H
p> »>*>
w*
I] tout touoi
~ 0-540l.HO KXCJ
K0I£i K«» HICH VUUC9 OUT
to W4.T una
II • 7 I II 12 13 M
11/22/71
. — -j..
I »' 0 7 * II IS I) 14 I
STATIONS
DATE
11/29/71
11 „
n_;
6 7 | ii i: i; 1
12/6/71
pH
n
: n
li e 7 t. 
Avtl'ASC Of CTC-TtT fiit.-.
150 -
100 -
290 -
too -
160 -
W
3
100
to -
R
FIGURE 9
SUSPENDED SOLIDS VARIATIONS
•/>«»
n
!' " • |
hi p r
iliuO	10U.
I J* • 7 It II li I) 14
u/:2/7i
!: | rri
J_Li:U i.Ji iiaj !i l.o ,rn
n
ii
I I
' ' '""I i ' I
i- .	r->r"» • r :'"1
_Lki.—I ¦ ii r ' .1 i i . L
r »r
J ...
I } * 7 • II 12 II 14 I 1 I 7 • II 12 l) 14
STATIONS
11/21/71	l2/t/7l
DATE
I J 0 7 » II 12 U
*Vt«*U Of IT-XU I* i
MOTE • (JCAUSiA flV(N AT CCNTUAT,FLA.

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3
vatXons taken from Figures 1-9.
Five-day BlocUetaical Oxyp.cn Demand (BOD^)
1.	Tha concentrations varied Inversely with flow.
2.	At low flow, the BOD^ concentrations on the Escambia River
at Station No. 3 were only slightly higher than in other
btudy area streams.
3.	A maximum 4.8 mg/1 value recorded on 11/22/71 at Station No. 6
on the Escambia was downstream from Monsanto Company's waste
outfall. .
4.	Most of the BOD5 concentrations (except the 4.8 value) were
less than or equal to ranges normally found in healthy streams.
5.	STORET data are comparable to 1971 results.
I
Total Phosphorus
1.	During the 1971 study, Escambia River phosphorus concentrations vere
similar to those of other streams. One higher phosphorus value
at Station 3 on December 6, 1971, could have resulted from upstream
vaste discharges, but the high flow on this date tends to preclude
this possibility.
2.	The slightly higher values from STORET ara probably due to seasonal
variations, in rainfall and streaoflow, and/or improved waste treat-
ment practices since 1966.
Total Nitrogen
1* During the 1971 studyj Escambia River nitrogen concentrations were

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4
generally similar to those of other streams. The one leu flow/
elevated value (0.6 mg/1) at Station 3 (J 1/22/71) would appear to
result from upstream waste discharges, although Station 4 downstream
shoved a-substantial decrease (0,31 ng/1).
v
2. Phosphorus comment (2) above applies*
Color
1* Color Increased with flow. This is probably caused by discharge
of highly colored water from storage in swamp and marshy areas.
2.	Evidence of paper mill waste can be detected r.t Station «o. 3 on
the Escambia at low flows.
3.	At higher flows the Conecuh and Choc cav:': a tehee Rivers had nore
color than tho Escambia.
Total- Organic Carbon (TOC)
1.	All TOC values were relativoly low (<10 mg/1).
2.	Some increase in TOC values downstream from Brcuton, Alabaca,
and Container Corporation discharges were noted, although on
November 29, 1971, there were much higher concentrations in
other study area streams.
3.	TOC values increased with streamflow.
Solids
1* High solids observed on river stations closest to the Gulf arc
influenced by salt water Intrusion.
2. At low flow, solids were higher on the Escambia than la other
study streams.

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3
3.	Solids concentrations Station No. 3 on the Escambia and Station
No. 1 on the Conecuh arc esuentJaLly the same.
4.	Solids did not vary appreciably villi flow for the range of flows
covered in the 1971 study,
CONCLUSIONS
1* Although the 1971 study was not an exhaustive investigation,
there is strong evidence that quality among nil rhe r.trrars
studies is comparable. Seasonal trends nnd effects of rainfall
and runoff can be better defined by a Ions levin nonitorin"
program.
2.	At low flow, the results of waste discharges fvo.u tl»e Container
Corporation-Brewton, Alabaca area aie evident In the Increased
color and TOO values between Station 1 and 3.
1
3.	STORET data shows comparable water quality among the streams
selected for study.
4.	When concentrations for various water quality constituents studied
are converted to loading (lbs/day), there will be an appreciable
difference among river basins in the study area. Loading is a
function of streamflow which varies anong the study streams.
Differences among the estuarlne ecosyutens for each river basin
aro to be expected — possibly na a result ej' differ in,; *trcanflow.
Enforcement actions, however, should bo	on coiuroil.ible
4
factors rather than on effect of flow which is largely n n.itural
phenomenon.

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Appendix A
ticotU River Conparltlvc Stwiy
Sutnary of Data










Color
Total
Dissolved




Total

Sea.
Strcaa and

Flow
Temp
DO
MDj
Turt>.
COS
pn
Pi-Co
Solid*
Solids
Coll font
TO
KHV* KOj+SOj-*
Phrq-f
r-
*o.
Location
Djte
cf»
fc
¦g/1
15/1
J CD
f/1
r»Md
Cnltn
»r./l
K/l
HTK/109 al
«e/l
*c/l
•f./l
zr-t\
«r '
!
Cowcflh >.•
ciwo
:«/-•;

13.0
10.1
2.6
16
r?.o
7.2
20
1?1
105
l.fO
0.15
0.03
0.15
o. •:
v.*

M«cr «41
!l.*i9

13.6
9.8
1.6
22
26.6
7.2
X)
69
55

0.32
0.17
0.29
0.- .5
j.:


12/4

10.9
10.4
1.1
85
11.4
6.®
120
103
48
>2.400
0.18
0.02
0.13
0.:>. i
F-. .
2
Bt( bu4.lt Cr.-
11/22

12.0
9.4
1.9
31
4.0
6.4
50
2 62
•" 259
M.
0.14
0.04
0.13
O.-'O


¦ear aouta
11.29

13.0
9.0
1.7
11
7.6
6.6
40
30
21
«.MK>
0.25
0.30
0.17
0.. .2



12/6

i:.s
12.2
0.8
10
7.6
6.2
60
25
8
l.t-CO
0.25
0.02
0.09
0.CJ

3
Sacacbla R. -
11/22
1.080
13.6
8.2
2.7
42
11.0
6.9
103
1ft)
117
>2,400
0.47
0.03
0.13
o.r.3
•

Hwy. So. 4
:i/29
1,520
13.8
8.7
2.7
13
22.8
6.C
60
87
36
3.300
0.29
0.01
0.12
C.'i J
• _ 7


12/6
6.070
12.0
7.4
0.8
90
15.7
2.400
0.22
0.03
0.17
o.-.- 3
,.:
4
C»caa61a K. -
11/22

13.*
8.8
2.0
44
7.0
6.8
70
1S9
130
M0
0.16
0.04
0.15
0.
•..

Hcllnl^ Landing
11/29

12.B
9.0
1.9
14
7.6
7.0
40
It
77
3.530
0.18
0.06
0.12
0.- .J


-
12/*

10.5
10.7
0.3
76
15.2
6.8
70
100
43
>2.403
0.18
0.06
0.14
O.-.-'S

5
Eactcbl* ft. -
11/21

14.8
8.6
2.2
78
11.0
6.9
60
	
_
>2.400
0.23
0.03
0.14
0.'. <4
3.3

Hvjr. Ss. 181
11'29

13.5
8.7
1.0
14
11.4
6.8
60
70
59
2.300
0.18
0.02
0.12
0.' -J
5.-.-


12/C

—
—
—
•—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

6
Eacasbla R. -
11/22

18.5
6.6
4.3
21
chlo-
8.8
SO
17.120
17.020
>2.400
0.32
0.04
0.07
0.0 -3


Bwjr. Ko. 90
11/29

16
8.3
3.4
5
ride
8.8
30
21.5AR
21.338
4,?ra
0.19
0.06
0.07
0.S-.5



12/4

12
9.6
0.6
20
Inter- 6.8
so
2,543
1.458
>2,490
0.22
0.06
0.11
0.* ;3









fereacc









;
Perdldo 1. -
11/22

	
	
2.9
25
chlo-
6.8
30
ICS
87
3J0
_
0.04
0.09

\.\

Hvy Ko. 90
11/29

1*. 5
7.9
1.7
8
ride
6.4
40
1.710
1.610
2*.000
0.22
0.03
0.13
o.crj
1 •


12/6

12.0
9.8
1.2
43
Inter-
- 6.2
70
73
42
>2,400
0.28
0.01
0.11
o.o.o
7.1
5
Ferdlda R. -
11/22
1«S
13. S
9.4
1.3
34
7.0
6.4
30
47
43
350
0.17
0.03
0.11
O.i 3
.». *•

Bjrrinem Park
11/29
<96
13.2
8.7
1.9
18
15.2
6.2
to
19
4
13,030
0.28
0.01
0.18
o.; :i
* .1


>2/0
727
13.0
10.2
0.5
:2
11.4
5.4
50
38
35
>2.490
0.19
0.02
0.09
o.o:s
j.h
9
Big Coldw-iter Cr.-
11 .'22
257
12.5
10.2
7.1
18
30.0
6.4
50
236
219
350
0.22
0.01
0.32
0.«;:)
11 »

Hvy. So. >91
!!/?•»
572
14.6
9.6
3.4
25
19.0
6.1
30
31
30
1.609
0.24
0.05
0.28
O.i ¦»
;


12/6
(78
14.9
9.7
0.7
. J
19.0
6.1
in
32
15
540
0.17
0.03
0.22
o.:. J
"•.
10
tlKluHUl t. -
11/22
96
12.0
10.5
2.1
13
19.0
6.4
30
30
30
79
0.08
0.02
0.08
O.'J.:
• t

Hwy. JCo.t
51/29
310
13.8
9.7
1.8
JO
30.4
6.0
«9
f.6
49
>2.459
0.38
0.17
0.29
0.'- >



12/4
3S9
13.5
9.7
1.1
23
53.2
6.0
89
45
27
920
0.17
0.01
0.05


11
Yrlliv *. -
11/22
258
12.2
10.1
2.0
12
11.0
7.1
30
50
4
—
0.10
0.04
0.06
0.1 i


Hwy. No. 99
; • /;?
497
14.4
9.9
2.9
32
7.6
6.9
40
63
41
>2.400
0.43
0.04
0.08
0/ ;
' .;


•*
1.760
11.1
9.7
0.9
to
57.0
6.4
109
52
42
>2,409
0.29
0.01
0.01
0.-..T

12
Shoal R. -
11/22
334
12.5
10.4
1.9
11 '
15-0
6.2
20
38
20
170
0.15
0.03
0.11
o.' .:


iK.jr. No. ies
u/n
lit
14.3
10.0
1.9
50
7.6
6.2
73
77
36
>2,400
0.19
0.03
0.11
0.' >
i. !¦


nit,
714
13.0
9.6
0.2
7
7.6
5.9
60
29
10
>2,409
0.23
0.06
0.11
0.' •,
• i
1)
Choctawti4ich«t R.-
ii in
2.1?0
T4.S
9.0
Z .4
22
19.0
/ .2
30
111
65
920
0.25
0.94
0.33
o.<
t •

t*/v. w. jr.
:! /."?
:,i:n
l'..H
".6
1.9
6
11.4
7.2
)0
71
7!
~2,4ti
0.16
0.04
0.30
0.: „•
»


. /••
. **"
--
—
--
—
--
—
—
—
—
—
0.21
0.02
0.06
0. ..
. . 1
U

• yi • /
•/.V|
M.o
1.5
1.1 10


."0

5H
V.0
0.72
0.14
0.12
r>.- . :.:





i *. i

i.i v:
it.#J
7.0
t M

v.

O.I(>
0.05
o.:?
'* ¦ ¦




*•
i". •
1 V

*.-.0

I.VI

• 1


<>.02
O. :1

-------
Appendix B
Escasbla River Coaparltlve Seed/
Srr-iary ef Average STOSEI D«t<
Sea.
No.
Streaa and
Location
Inclu-
sive'
Dates
Flow
cfa
Tee?
eC
DO
cg/1
7.8
B095
PT./l
Turb.
JCP
COO
eg/1
p3
Field
Color
Pt-Co
tfolcs
Total
Solids
ef/1
Dissolved
Solids
«*/l
Collfor*
HPK/100 ml
TKN KHj-fJ NO2+KO3-K
ti*/l br/1 ok/1
Total
Phos.-P TO.
c:/1 " « !
1
Conecuh R.—
Huy. V.o. 61
4/24/63-
8/28/70

26.3
1.3


7.0

101
83
2,775
0.66 0.31
0.11
0.042 6.7
2
Big Escsbla
Cr.-near couth
4/24/68-
7/2/71

23.7
7.5
1.3
32
12.0
6.0

51
35
16,252


8.3
3
Esca-=bla R.-
Bwy. So. 4.
4/24/68-
8/28/70
3.243
23.9
6.3
1.8
25

6.7-

114
92
30,171
0.35 0.14
0.09
0.065 9.2
4
Esca=jla R-—
KcBavld
Landing
4/28/63-
6/28/68

24.4
5.9
1.1


6.8



7.085 .



5
Eacar.bla R.-
Euj. Mo. 184
4/24/68-
8/28/70
4,677
25.5
6.3
1.4

15.1
6.'6S



12,381
0.30. 0.13
0.12
0.052 8.8
6
Eacaabla R.-
tfuy. «o. 90
4/24/68-
6/28/68

25.6
3.7
3.3


7.1

6,990
6.977
2,778
0.63 0.31
0.15
0.153
7
Ferdldo R--
Bwy. Co. 90
12/2/66-
1/4/67

13.5
9.0
1.1


5.6



3,839
0.89 0.06.
0.07 •
0.013
S
Perdldo R.-
Barrlncau
Park
4/24/63-
6/26/68

13.2
10.0
1.2


5.7



2,097



9
Big Coldwaccr
Cr.-Hvy Ko.191
2/18/66-
6/9/66
68S
17.5
9.5
0.8

10.8
6.0



2,325
0.37

0.026
10
Blackwacer R.-
fiujr.' Ko. 4
4/4/66-
6/9/66
203
17.3
9.5
1.0

11.3
5.4

36
29
957
0.43

0.036
11
Tellow R.-
Hwy. Ko. 90
4/4/66-
4/18/66
616
17.7
9.0
1.1

9.6
6.7

56
44
1,277
0.70 0.33
0.11
0.046
12
Shoal R.-
Bwy. No. 185
2/24/66
6/9/66
1,460
19.5
8.7
1.0

10.6
6.0

39
27
2,222
0.70

0.026
13
Choccawhacchce
R.-Hvry. Ko. 20
1/22/66-
2/9/68
6,798
10.3
9.2
1.1


7.4



909
0.23 0.08
0.11
0.026
—a

-------