$EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
June 1994
PROGRAM FACT SHEET
Demonstration of the
COGNIS, Inc.
TERRAMET® Lead Extraction Process
THIS FACT SHEET TELLS YOU ABOUT
¦	An EPA demonstration of an innovative lead
extraction process
¦	The remediation effort at the Twin Cities Army
Ammunition Plant (TCAAP)
" A Visitors' Day on June 29, 1994 at 10:00 a.m.
at TCAAP
Introduction
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies
new methods for hazardous waste cleanup through its
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Program. Created in 1986, this program demonstrates and
evaluates innovative treatment technologies that may
significantly reduce the toxicity, mobility, or volume of
hazardous waste. The SITE Program also generates reliable
performance and cost information on the technologies that
may be used to evaluate cleanup alternatives for similar sites.
The technology proposed for the demonstration is the
TERRAM ET® lead extraction process developed by COGNIS,
Inc. (COGNIS), of Santa Rosa, California. The purpose of
the demonstration is to determine the process' effectiveness
in removing heavy metals, particularly lead, from soil at the
Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP) in New Brighton,
Minnesota.
EPA's SITE Program
Each year, EPA solicits proposals from private technology
developers to demonstrate innovative technologies under
the SITE Program. For each technology selected, EPA
performs the following tasks, often with input from state and
regional agencies:
Identifies a site with wastes suitable for demonstration
of the technology
Prepares a demonstration plan
Notifies appropriate agencies for intergovernmental and
community reviews regarding applicability of technology
at the site
Prepares a fact sheet for the public
Prepares the demonstration site and conducts the
demonstration
Organizes a Visitors' Day for the public to view the
technology demonstration
Conducts and audits field sampling and laboratory
analyses
Evaluates technology performance
Summarizes demonstration results in an Innovative
Technology Evaluation Report, a technology capsule, a
demonstration bulletin, and a videotape
Technology Description
The COGNIS TERRAMET8 process extracts and recovers
metals from contaminated soil, dust, sludge, or sediment.
The TERRAMET® lead extraction process can treat most
types of lead contamination, including metallic lead, soluble
ions, and insoluble lead oxides and salts. Certain lead
compounds, like lead sulfide, are not amenable to treatment.
Before the process can begin, oversized material must be
removed. The second stage of the process separates soils
by size fraction. Next, the extraction phase of the process
works through a series of mixers and clarifiers where a
proprietary aqueous leachant dissolves fine metallic fragments
and ionic metals into solution (see Figure 1). The metals are
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	 BESCORP
	COGNIS
Figure 1: BESCORP and COGNIS Systems Flow Diagram
then recovered through an electrolytic deposition process.
The aqueous leachant is then reused in the system. The end
products of this treatment system are clean soil and recycled
metal. No wastewater streams are generated during process
operations. However, at the conclusion of the remediation
project, a relatively small, fixed volume of contaminated
water remaining in the equipment requires treatment and
disposal.
Site Description
TCAAP is one of the nation's top 50 Superfund hazardous
waste sites (see Figure 2). Through a Federal Facilities
Agreement, the Army, EPA, and the Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency (MPCA) are working to permanently clean up
this site, allowing for future unrestricted use of the area.
Part of this cleanup effort is located within a 10-acre area
called Site F, found in the south-central part of TCAAP. Site
F is being remediated under the authority of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The potential
applicability of the COGNIS TERRAMET® lead extraction
process to lead-contaminated soil at Superfund sites, and the
full-scale operation of the process make the TCAAP Site F
remediation an attractive SITE Program demonstration
opportunity.
At Site F, the Army burned scrap ammunition and powder,
spread the ash and residue on the surface, and buried scrap
cartridge casings in disposal trenches. These disposal
practices were commonly accepted while the site was in use,
between 1941 and 1985.
Today, the soil at Site F is contaminated with heavy metals
(primarily lead) which must be reduced from levels as high as
86,000 parts per million (ppm). The contamination lies in the
upper 1 -2 feet of soil over a 3-acre area, and is as deep as 10
feet in the disposal trenches. Area groundwater is nearly 120
feet below the ground surface, and has not been affected.
The TCAAP Site F Remediation Effort
Site F remediation is a joint endeavor between COGNIS and
Brice Environmental Services Corporation, Inc. (BESCORP).
The untreated soil is blended to contain lead levels ranging
from 1,000 to 3,000 ppm. MPCA has set an enforceable
cleanup standard of 300 ppm for lead at the site; however,
TCAAP has set a more stringent cleanup target of 175 ppm.
BESCORP processes the whole soil and produces the
following product streams: oversize, clean gravel; lead
concentrate from the sands fraction; and partially-cleaned
sands and fines. COGNIS then further treats the sands and
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Figure 2: Site Location Map
fines streams to reduce the lead concentrations to acceptable
levels. COGNIS also regenerates the leaching agent and
recovers a lead concentrate as part of the regeneration
process.
Site F remediation began in late 1993. Work on the project
was suspended throughout the winter months due to Minnesota
weather conditions. Remediation will continue for 12-14
weeks in the spring and summer of 1994. The system will
process about 8,000 to 10,000 tons of Site F soil during the
course of the remediation, at an average process feed rate of
12 tons per hour.
The SITE Program Demonstration
The SITE Program is evaluating the performance of the
TERRAMET® lead extraction process during the ongoing
remediation activities at TCAAP. The SITE Program is
evaluating the technology to obtain detailed performance,
cost, and reliability data about the TERRAMET® process so
that potential users can judge the technology's applicability
to other sites.
The SITE Program has prepared a detailed quality assurance
project plan (QAPP) outlining the methods and procedures
used to test and evaluate the technology. The demonstration
will provide the following information:
•	The technology's effectiveness based on an assessment
of sampling and analysis results
•	The potential need for pre-treatment and post-treatment
processing of raw and treated materials
•	The site-specific wastes and media to which the technology
can be applied
•	Any potential site-specific system operating problems
and their possible resolutions
•	The approximate capital, short-term operating, and
maintenance costs
•	The projected long-term operating and maintenance
costs
When the demonstration is complete, EPA will compile and
analyze the findings in several reports published in series.
Initial information about the technology is summarized in a
demonstration bulletin and a technology capsule. A more
detailed account of the technology's performance and
applicability is presented in the Innovative Technology
Evaluation Report. Copies of these documents will be
available for review at Site F's information repository, located
in Building 105 at TCAAP.
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Community Relations
TCAAP has established an active community relations
program to inform the public about site cleanup efforts.
Tours of Site F and the treatment system area are offered
every other week through August 1994. For details, contact
Mr. Marty McCleery at the address listed in the following
section.
In addition, EPA will host a Visitors' Day on Wednesday, June
29,1994 that will include presentations about the EPA SITE
Program, Site F, and the TE R RAM ET® process. Visitors will
also have an opportunity to view remediation activities at Site
F and the treatment area. Those individuals interested in
attending the EPA Visitors' Day on June 29 should complete
and return the enclosed registration form by June 23,1994 or
call Cynthia Loney at (513) 241-0149.
Additional Information
Specific questions about TCAAP or Site F should be directed
to:
Mr. Marty McCleery
Remedial Project Manager
Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant
New Brighton, Minnesota 55112-5700
Phone: (612) 633-2301 ext. 651
Fax: (612)633-3129
Specific questions about the TERRAMET® process should be
directed to:
Dr. William Fristad
COGNIS, Inc.
2330 Circadian Way
Santa Rosa, California 95407
Phone: (707) 576-6235
Fax: (707) 575-7833
Questions or comments about the SITE Program or the
proposed demonstration should be forwarded to:
Mr. Michael Royer
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2890 Woodbridge Ave., Bldg. 10 (MS-104)
Edison, New Jersey 08837-3679
Phone: (908) 321-6633
Fax: (908) 321-6640
® EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS-214
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Attention: Mike Royer
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